A CYCLOPÆDIA OF PRACTICAL RECEIPTS, PROCESSES, AND COLLATERAL INFORMATION (continued 48)

3. Juniper berries, 2 oz.; aniseed, ¹⁄₄ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 1 hour; strain, and when cold, add of compound spirit of juniper, 2 fl. oz.; tincture of squills, 1 fl. dr.; nitre, 1 dr.—Dose, ¹⁄₂ a teacupful frequently. All the above are used as diuretics in dropsy. See Infusions of Broom, Foxglove, and Juniper.

Infusion of Dog′wood. Syn. Infusum cornus Floridæ, L. From the bark of American dogwood (Cornus Florida). See Decoction.

Infusion of Dulcamara (B. P.). Syn. Infusum dulcamaræ. Prep. Infuse bruised dulcamara, 1 oz.; in 10 fluid ounces of boiling water in a covered vessel for 1 hour; and strain.—Dose, 1 oz. to 2 oz.

Infusion of El′der Flowers. Syn. Elder-flower tea; Infusum sambuci florum, L. From the picked flowers, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. Pectoral, expectorant, and diaphoretic, either alone or sweetened with honey.

Infusion of Elecampane. Syn. Infusum inulæ. Prep. Elecampane root, 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for two hours, and strain.

Infusion of Elm-bark. Syn. Compound inulæ, L. Diaphoretic, expectorant, and tonic. FUSION OF ELM-BARK; Infusum ulmi compositum, L. Prep. (Cadet.) Elm-bark, bitter-sweet, burdock, and fumitory, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest for 4 hours, strain, and add of syrup of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. The whole to be taken in 24 hours, in divided doses in the chronic exanthemata. See Decoction.

Infusion of Er′got of Rye. Syn. Infusum ergotæ (B. P.). L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Ergot, 1, in coarse powder, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse ¹⁄₂ an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. Should be made fresh when required.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz. every ¹⁄₂ hour or hour, as a parturient. Also as an injection for gleet.

2. (Concentrated.) See Liquor of Ergot.

Infusion of Eucalyptus. (Griffiths.) Syn. Infusum Eucalypti globuli. Prep. Cut leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, 2 dr.; boiling water, 4 oz.; infuse and strain. Take morning and evening.

Infusion of Fen′nel. Syn. Fennel tea; Infusum fœniculi, L. Prep. From sweet fennel-seeds, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. In griping and windy colic of infants; a few drops to ¹⁄₂ a teaspoonful for a dose, or a little by way of enema.

Infusion of Flax-seed. See Infusion of Linseed.

Infusion of Fleabane. Syn. Infusum erigeromis canadensis. Prep. Canadian fleabane, 1 oz.; boiling water, 16 oz. Diuretic and astringent.

Infusion of Fox′glove. Syn. Infusum digitalis (B. P.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Digitalis, dried, 30 gr.; distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.—Dose, ¹⁄₄ to ¹⁄₂ oz.

2. (Ph. E.) Foxglove (dried), 2 dr.; boiling water, 18 fl. oz.; spirit of cinnamon, 2 fl. oz.

3. (Ph. D.) Foxglove (dried and reduced to a coarse powder), 1 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; infuse 1 hour. The product should measure about 8 fl. oz. The last two are of double the strength of the infusion Ph. L., and the dose must consequently be only 2 to 4 fl. dr. “I believe this, when properly made, to be the most effectual of the preparations of foxglove.” (Pereira.) See Foxglove.

Infusion of Fu′mitory. Syn. Infusum fumariæ, L. From the herbaceous portion of common fumitory (Fumaria officinalis). Aperient and diaphoretic; in obstinate skin diseases and chronic obstructions of the liver.

Infusion of Galls. Syn. Infusum gallæ, L. 1. From Aleppo galls, coarsely powdered. In diarrhœa, hæmorrhages, &c.; also freely, in cases of poisoning by the alkaloids; and diluted with 3 or 4 times its volume of water, for injections, embrocations, gargles, &c.

2. (Compound; Infusum gallæ compositum, Mistura gallæ, L.—Ellis.) Infusion of galls, 4 fl. oz.; prepared chalk, ¹⁄₂ oz.; powdered gum, 1 dr.; tincture of opium, ¹⁄₂ fl. dr.—Dose, 1 table-spoonful every 2 hours, in diarrhœa, &c.

Infusion of Gar′lic. Syn. Infusum allii, L. Prep. (White.) Garlic (recent), ¹⁄₂ lb.; water, 4 lbs.; place them in a covered pot, set it in a very slow oven for 3 or 4 hours, and when cold, express the fluid portion.—Dose. In epilepsy, 2 teaspoonfuls before and after every meal; in chronic diarrhœa, a teaspoonful after every motion.

Infusion of Gen′tian. Syn. Infusum gentianæ, L. Prep. 1. (Beral.) Gentian (bruised), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 5 or 6 hours, and strain. Stomachic.

2. (Compound; Infusum gentianæ compositum—B. P.)

Prep. a. (B. P.) Gentian, sliced, 1 oz.; orange peel, cut small, 1 oz.; lemon peel (fresh), 2 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; infuse for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

b. (Ph. E.) Sliced gentian root, ¹⁄₂ oz.; bitter orange peel (dried and bruised) and coriander seeds, of each 1 dr.; proof spirit, 4 fl. oz.; digest for 3 hours, then add of cold water, 16 fl. oz., and in 12 hours more strain.

c. (Ph. D.) Gentian and dried orange peel, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint; macerate 1 hour, and strain.—Dose of the last two, ¹⁄₂ to 1 fl. oz.

3. (Concentrated Compound; Infusum gentianæ comp. concentratum, L.)—a. Gentian root (bruised), 4¹⁄₂ lbs.; boiling water, q. s. to cover it; infuse with occasional agitation for 2 hours, express the liquor, wash the marc with a little boiling water, and evaporate to 13 quarts; when cold, strain through flannel, add of rectified spirit, 1 gall., and pour the mixed fluids on dried orange peel, 4¹⁄₂ lbs., and fresh lemon peel, 9 lbs.; macerate for 1 week, then express the liquor in a powerful press, and filter through paper.

b. Gentian and dried orange peel, of each 4¹⁄₂ lbs.; fresh lemon peel, 9 lbs.; cold distilled water, 13 quarts; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; macerate for 14 or 15 days, with frequent agitation, then express the liquid, add 1 dr. each of the essential oils of lemon and orange, agitate well, and filter through paper.

c. Gentian, 1¹⁄₄ lb.; essence of lemon, 1 dr.; essence of orange, ¹⁄₂ dr.; essence of cedrate, 15 drops; rectified spirit, 1 quart; cold water, 3 quarts; digest for 10 days and filter.

4. (With Rhubarb; Infusum gentianæ et Rhei, Mistura stomachica, L.) From gentian and rhubarb (bruised), of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest 1 hour, and strain; to the cold infusion add of sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 1 dr. An admirable medicine in dyspepsia, hysteria, loss of appetite, constipation, chronic rheumatism, &c.

Infusion of Gin′ger. Syn. Ginger tea; Infusum zingiberis, L. From the best unbleached Jamaica ginger, freshly bruised or grated. In flatulence, colic, and indigestion.

Infusion of Gin′seng. Syn. Ginseng tea; Infusum ginseng, I. radicis g., L. Prep. Ginseng (the root of Panax Schinseng), ¹⁄₂ oz.; ginger (grated), 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate 1 hour, then add of cinnamon (bruised), ¹⁄₂ dr.; infuse for another hour, and strain. Ginseng tea, made according to the above formula, has a wonderful reputation in China, as a stimulant, restorative, and aphrodisiac. In Europe, however, it is merely regarded as an aromatic demulcent.

Obs. American ginseng (the root of Panax quinquefolium) may be substituted for the Asiatic product.

Infusion of Gold′thread. Syn. Infusum coptis, L. From the root of Coptis trifolia. Bitter, stomachic; in dyspepsia, and as a mouth-wash in thrush.

Infusion of Gua′co. Syn. Infusum guaco, L. From the bruised leaves and stems of guaco or huaco (Mikania guaco). Sudorific and vulnerary; reputed in South America to be a powerful remedy for the bites of venemous serpents and for hydrophobia, but the trials in this country do not show it to be of any value in such cases.

Infusion of Guaiac′um. Syn. Compound infusion of guaiacum, I. of the woods; Infusum guaiaci compositum, Aqua benedicta composita, L. Prep. (Ph. D. 1826.) Guaiacum shavings, 6 oz.; bruised liquorice root, 1 oz.; sassafras bark, ¹⁄₂ oz.; coriander seeds, 3 dr.; lime water, 96 fl. oz. (say 5 pints); infuse for 2 days, and strain. Dose, 3 to 4 fl. oz., twice or thrice a day, in scrofula, rheumatism, gout, eruptions, &c.

Infusion of Gum. Syn. Infusum acaciæ, L. From gum acacia and lump sugar, of each 2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate until dissolved, then cool, and add of orange-flower water, ¹⁄₂ fl. oz. A pleasant demulcent in coughs, hoarseness, &c.

Infusion of Hedge Hys′sop. Syn. Infusum gratiolæ, L. Prep. (A. T. Thomson.) Hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis), dried, 2 dr.; boiling water, 8 fl. oz. Cathartic, diuretic, emetic, and vermifuge.—Dose, 3 to 6 fl. dr.; in dropsies, gout, jaundice, &c. See Extract.

Infusion of Hem′lock. Syn. Infusum conii, I. conii maculati, L. Prep. (Guy’s Hosp.) Dried leaves of hemlock, and coriander seeds, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 8 oz.; infuse for 2 hours. Combined with acetate of ammonia, tincture of henbane, and syrup of poppies, in pulmonary complaints, &c.

Infusion of Henbane. Syn. Infusum hyoscyami, L. Prep. 1. From fresh leaves, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. As a lotion for painful ulcers, swelled face, &c.

2. (Compound; Henbane fomentation; Infusum hyoscyami compositum, L.—Radius.) Henbane leaves, poppy heads, and mallows, of each 1 oz.; boiling water, 2 quarts. For painful ulcers, and in facial neuralgia, &c.

Infusion of Hops. Syn. Hop tea; Infusum humuli, I. lupuli (Ph. L.), L. Prep. (Ph. L.) Hops, 6 dr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 4 hours in a covered vessel (press), and strain. Tonic and anodyne. Well-hopped mild ale is a good substitute.

Infusion of Hore′hound. Syn. Horehound tea; Infusum marrubii, L. From the leaves; demulcent, pectoral; a popular remedy in coughs, colds, hoarseness, and chest affections generally, taken freely.

Infusion of Horserad′ish. Syn. Infusum armoraciæ, L. 1. From horseradish alone. Diuretic and stomachic.

2. (Compound; Infusum armoraciæ compositum, L.—Ph. L.) Horseradish (sliced) and mustard seed (bruised), of each 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, strain, and add of compound spirit of horseradish, 1 fl. oz. Stimulant, stomachic, and diuretic; in dropsies, paralysis, scurvy, chronic rheumatism, &c.

Infusion of Hys′sop. Syn. Hyssop tea; Infusum hyssopi, L. 1. From the leaves of Hyssopus officinalis (Linn.) Stimulant, stomachic, emmenagogue, and expectorant; in dyspepsia, flatulency, hysterical affections, &c.; also used by boxers as a wash for black eyes.

2. (Compound; Infusum hyssopi compositum, L.—Ratier). Hyssop leaves, 2¹⁄₂ dr.; liquorice, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 quart. As a demulcent drink in catarrhal affections.

Infusion of Indian Sarsaparil′la. Syn. Infusum hemidesmi, L. From Indian or scented sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus Indicus). Dr Ashburner orders it to be made with lime water (cold); but this plan is seldom followed.—Dose and uses, same as those of infusion of sarsaparilla.

Infusion of I′ron (Bitter). Syn. Infusum ferri amarum, L. Prep. (Dr R. E. Griffith.) Iron filings, 3 oz.; gentian and ginger, of each bruised, 1 oz.; orange peel, ¹⁄₂ oz.; strong old cider, 1 pint; infuse for a month, frequently stirring, and filter.—Dose, ¹⁄₂ to 1 dr., 3 or 4 times daily, as a chalybeate tonic.

Infusion of Ju′niper. Syn. Infusum juniperi, I. baccæ j., L. 1. From the berries alone. As a stimulant diuretic, in dropsies &c.

2. (Compound; Infusum juniperi compositum, L.)—a. (Guy’s Hosp.) Juniper berries, 2¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; to the strained solution, when cold, add, of compound spirit of juniper, 10 fl. dr.; bitartrate of potassa, 1 dr.

b. (Parrish.) Ginger, juniper berries, and mustard, of each bruised, ¹⁄₂ oz.; horseradish and parsley root, of each bruised, 1 oz.; cider, 1 quart; infuse, and strain with expression. All the above are used in dropsies.

Infusion of Ki′no. Syn. Infusum kino, L. From kino, 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. In diarrhœa, and diluted with 4 or 5 times its bulk of water, as an injection in chronic gonorrhœa.

Infusion of Justitia. Syn. Infusum justiciæ. Prep. Root of painted justicia, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for 1 hour.

Infusion of Kousso (B. P.) Syn. Infusum cusso. Prep. Infuse kousso in fine powder, ¹⁄₂ oz.; in boiling distilled water, 8 fl. oz., in a covered vessel for 15 minutes. Must not be strained.

Infusion of Lime Flowers. Syn. Linden-flower tea; Infusum tillæ, L. 1. From the flowers of the lime or linden tree (Tilia Europæa). Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and cephalic.

2. (Compound; Infusum tillæ compositum, L.—Foy.) Chamomiles, linden flowers, and orange leaves, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 quart; infuse, strain, and add of syrup, 2 fl. oz. In nervous headaches, &c. The above are much used on the Continent.

Infusion of Lin′seed. Syn. Linseed tea, Flaxseed t.; Infusum lini (B. P.), L. Prep. (B. P.) Linseed (bruised). 160 gr.; fresh liquorice root (sliced), 60 gr.; boiling distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse for 4 hours and strain. A cheap and useful demulcent in pulmonary and urinary irritation; especially in catarrhs, gonorrhœa, &c.; ad libitum. Dr Pereira recommends the addition of sliced lemon and sugar-candy, to render it more palatable. See Decoction.

Infusion of Liq′uorice. Syn. Infusum glycyrrhizæ, L. From the fresh root, sliced. Demulcent and laxative; taken ad libitum.

Infusion of Lit′mus. Syn. Infusum lacmi, L. Used for its colour, and as a liquid test, and to make test-paper.

Infusion of Lobelia. Syn. Infusum lobeliæ, I. l. inflatæ. From lobelia or Indian tobacco. In asthmas chiefly.—Dose, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls every half-hour, until it occasions nausea.

Infusion of Log′wood. Syn. Logwood tea; Infusum hæmatoxyli, L. From logwood chips. One of the best remedies known for simple diarrhœa arising from weakness; also used as a colour and test. See Decoction, Extract, &c.

Infusion (Maiden-hair). Syn. Infusum adianti, L. From either common maiden-hair (Adiantum capillus Veneris), or Canadian maiden-hair (Adiantum pedatum). They are both slightly bitter, aromatic, and pectoral. The infusion forms an excellent demulcent drink in catarrhs.

Infusion of Malam′bo Bark. Syn. Infusum corticis malambo, L. Prep. (Ure.) Bark (from Croton Malambo), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. An aromatic tonic and astringent.

Infusion of Mallow Flowers. Syn. Infusum malvæ florum, L. Pectoral and laxative. Chiefly used as a test.

Infusion of Malt. Syn. Malt tea, Sweet wort; Infusum bynes, I. malti, L. Prepared with hot water (165° to 170° Fahr.). Demulcent and laxative. A useful drink in sore throat, inflammatory fevers, &c. Some persons flavour it with sliced lemon.

Infusion of Ma′′rygold. Syn. Infusum calendulæ, L. From the flowers of the common marygold (Calendula officinalis). Carminative, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue. It has been recently recommended in cancerous affections, both internally and as a lotion. Radius adds syrup of orange peel to flavour it.

Infusion of Mat′ico. Syn. Infusum maticonis, I. maticæ, I. matico, L. 1. From the leaves of the matico plant (Artanthe elongata). Aromatic, bitter, stimulant, and reputed hæmostatic; in internal hæmorrhages and mucous discharges. The Indians of South America use it as an aphrodisiac. (Martius.)

2. Compound; Infusum maticonis compositum, L.—Watmough.) Matico and senna, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. In hæmorrhagic and other discharges, piles, &c.; a wine-glassful repeatedly.

Infusion of May-weed. Syn. Infusum cotulæ, L. From the dried flowers of may-weed or stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula). Bitter, stomachic, and diaphoretic; in large doses, emetic and sudorific; chiefly in hysterical affections, scrofula, &c.

Infusion of Mea′dow Rue. Syn. Infusum thalictri flavi, L. From the herb meadow rue (Thalictrum flavum). In hydrophobia, taken plentifully.

Infusion of Mil′foil. Syn. Yarrow tea; Infusum millefolii, L. In dropsies, and as a fomentation to bruises. See Extract, &c.

Infusion of Mint. Syn. Mint tea. 1. (Ph. D.—Infusum menthæ simplex.) From the dried leaves of green or spearmint. Carminative and stomachic; chiefly used as a vehicle for other medicines. A wine-glassful ad libitum.

2. (Compound; Infusum menthæ compositum.) To mint tea 6 fl. oz., add of oil of spearmint, 3 drops, previously triturated with lump sugar, 2 dr., and dissolved in compound tincture of cardamoms, ¹⁄₂ fl. oz. A useful remedy in colic, flatulence, &c.; as the last.

Infusion of Mu′dar. Syn. Infusion of mudar-bark; Infusum corticis mudaris, L. From the root bark of Calotropis gigantea. Resembles infusion of ipecacuanha.—Dose, 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls, as an alterative; a wine-glassful as an emetic. In the East Indies it is highly esteemed in epilepsy, hysteria, syphilis, convulsions, and various spasmodic diseases.

Infusion of Net′tle Seed. Syn. Infusum urticæ seminum, L. Prep. (Garde.) Seed of common nettle (Urtica dioica), 2¹⁄₂ dr.; boiling water, 18 fl. oz.; infuse 3 hours, strain, and add of syrup, 2 fl. oz. Astringent, diuretic, and pectoral.

Infusion of Nux Vom′ica. Syn. Infusum nucis vomicæ, L. Prep. (Hosp. F.) Nux vomica (ground or rasped), 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest 3 hours, and strain. It must be taken with caution, and the effects watched. See Extract, Nux Vomica, and Strychnine.

Infusion of Or′ange Peel. Syn. Infusum aurantii, B. P. Prep. 1. Dried bitter orange peel, cut small, 1 oz.; boiling water, 20 oz.; infuse for 15 minutes, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz. Bitter and stomachic.

2. (Compound; Infusum aurantii—Ph. E., I. a. compositum—Ph. L. & D., L.)—a. (Ph. L. & E.) Dried bitter orange peel, ¹⁄₂ oz.; fresh lemon peel, 2 dr.; cloves (bruised), 1 dr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 15 minutes in a covered vessel, and strain.

b. (Ph. D.) Dried orange peel, 3 dr.; cloves, ¹⁄₂ dr.; boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint; macerate half an hour. An agreeable stomachic. It is chiefly employed as a vehicle for other medicines.

c. (B. P.) Dried bitter orange peel, cut small, ¹⁄₂ oz.; fresh lemon peel, 120 gr.; cloves (bruised), 60 gr.; boiling water, 20 oz. Infuse for 15 minutes, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

3. (Concentrated Compound; Infusum aurantii concentratum, I. a. com. conc., L.)—a. Seville orange peel (dried), 3¹⁄₄ lbs.; fresh lemon peel, 1¹⁄₂ lb.; bruised cloves, ³⁄₄ lb.; boiling water, 9 pints; infuse for 20 minutes, press out the liquor, and, when cold, add of rectified spirit, 1 quart, and filter.

b. Dried orange peel, 18 oz.; fresh lemon peel, ¹⁄₂ lb.; bruised cloves, ¹⁄₄ lb.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; cold water, 3 pints; macerate for 1 week, press, and filter. Very superior.

Obs. 1 fl. dr. of either of the above, added to 7 fl. dr. of water, makes a similar (preferable) preparation to the COMPOUND INFUSION OF ORANGE PEEL.—Ph. L.

Infusion of Parei′ra. Syn. Infusum pareiræ (Ph. E. & D.), I. p. bravæ, L. Prep. 1. (Ph. E.) Velvet leaf or pareira brava root, 6 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate for 2 hours in a lightly covered vessel, and strain.

2. (Ph. D.) Pareira (bruised and torn), ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour, and strain. In irritation and mucous discharges from the urinary organs. The corresponding preparation of the Ph. L. will be found among the Decoctions.

Infusion of Pars′ley Root. Syn. Infusum petroselini, L. From the root of garden parsley. Aromatic, diuretic, and slightly aperient. It has been highly recommended by Dr Chapman and others in dropsy, in the strangury arising from blisters, &c.; taken freely, either alone or combined with a little sweet spirit of nitre.

Infusion of Peach Leaves. Syn. Infusum persicæ, I. p. folii, L. Prep. (Pereira.) Peach leaves (dried), ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate an hour, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls, twice or thrice a day; to allay irritation of the bladder and urethra, and as a vermifuge.

Infusion, Pectoral. Syn. Infusum pectorale, L. Prep. (Hosp. F.) Linseed (bruised), ³⁄₄ oz.; coltsfoot leaves, ¹⁄₂ oz.; liquorice root (sliced) and poppy-heads, of each ¹⁄₄ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest two hours, and strain. In coughs, colds, hoarseness, &c., accompanied with a dose of aperient medicine. See Species, &c.

Infusion of Pennyroy′al. Syn. Pennyroyal tea; Infusum pulegii, I. menthæ pulegii, L. A popular remedy for nausea, flatulence, colds, hooping-cough, hysterical affections, obstructed menstruation, &c.

Infusion of Pep′permint. Syn. Peppermint tea; Infusum menthæ piperitæ, L. In flatulence, colic, griping, &c., and as a vehicle for other medicines.

Infusion of Periwin′kle. Syn. Infusum vincæ minoris, L. From the leaves of lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor). Astringent and tonic; in diarrhœa, dysentery, &c. Mr Weathers employs it in passive hæmorrhages, and others have recommended it as an external tonic applied to the perinæum, &c., in piles, relaxation of the genitals, &c.

Infusion of Persim′mon. Syn. Infusum persimmonis, L. From the bark of persimmon (Diospyrus Virginiana). Astringent; very valuable in diarrhœa, hæmorrhages, agues, &c.; and as a gargle in ulcerated sore throat.

Infusion of Peru′vian Bark. See Infusion of bark.

Infusion of Pink′root. Syn. Pinkroot tea, Worm t.; Infusum spigiliæ, L. 1. From Indian pinkroot. Vermifuge; either combined with or followed by a purge after the third or fourth dose. The dose for a child 3 to 5 years old is 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls.

2. (Compound; Infusum spigiliæ compositum, I. s. cum sennâ, L.—Ellis.) Pinkroot, ¹⁄₂ oz., senna, 2 dr.; fennel seed, 3 dr.; manna, 1 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint.—Dose, ¹⁄₂ wine-glassful to a child 2 or 3 years old; in worms. See Extract.

Infusion of Pleu′risy Root. Syn. Infusum asclepiadis tuberosæ, L. From the root of butterfly weed or pleurisy root (Asclepias tuberosa). Expectorant and diuretic; in large doses, purgative; in colds, pleurisy, pneumonia, &c. According to Bigelow, it is a valuable mild tonic and stimulant.

Infusion of Pois′on-oak. Syn. Infusum rhois toxicodendri, L. Prep. From the dried leaves of the poison-oak (Rhus toxicodendron), 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. Stimulant and narcotic; chiefly in palsy and mania.

Infusion of Pop′py-heads. Syn. Poppy tea; Infusum papaveris, L. From poppy-heads (capsules of Papaver somniferum). Soothing, anodyne. Sweetened with honey, it is a popular remedy for tickling cough, restlessness, &c.; also used hot, as an embrocation, in painful tumours, inflammations, &c. See Infusion of Red Poppy.

Infusion of Pur′ging Flax. Syn. Infusum lini cathartici, L. From the dried leaves of purging flax (Linum catharticum). Cathartic. The dose should be repeated at intervals of an hour or an hour and a half, until it operates.

Infusion of Quas′sia. Syn. Quassia tea; Infusum quassiæ (B. P., Ph. L. E. & D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Quassia, in chips, 60 gr.; cold distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse for half an hour, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Quassia (sliced), 40 gr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; infuse for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. E.) Quassia, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint.

4. (Ph. D.) Quassia (rasped), 1 dr.; boiling water, 8¹⁄₂ fl. oz.

5. (Ph. U. S.) Quassia, 2 dr.; cold water, 16 fl. oz.; macerate for 12 hours, and strain. As a bitter tonic, in loss of appetite, dyspepsia, &c.; either combined with alkaline carbonates or chalybeates. Sweetened with moist sugar or honey, it forms a common FLY-WATER or FLY-POISON.

6. (Compound; Infusum quassiæ compositum, L.—Ellis.) Quassia, serpentary, and dried orange peel, of each ¹⁄₄ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. A stimulant stomachic.

Infusion of Red Cab′bage. Syn. Infusion of blue cabbage. Used as a colour, and to make test-paper. It will not keep without the addition of about 1-10th of its weight of rectified spirit.

Infusion of Red Pop′py. Syn. Red-Poppy tea; Infusum rhœados, L. From the petals of the red or corn poppy. Anodyne and pectoral. Sweetened with sugar or honey, it is a popular remedy in catarrhal affections: but the use of this, as well as of INFUSION OF POPPY-HEADS, should be accompanied by a dose of aperient medicine.

Infusion of Rhat′any. Syn. Infusum krameriæ (B. P.), Infusum rhataniæ, I. krameriæ (Ph. L. & D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Rhatany, bruised, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 20 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Rhatany root, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 4 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Rhatany, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour, and strain. Astringent and tonic; chiefly in chronic diarrhœa.

4. (Concentrated; Infusum krameriæ concentratum, L.) From 8 times the usual quantity of ingredients, as INFUSION OF CASCARILLA.

Infusion of Rhododen′dron. Syn. Infusum rhododendri, L. From the leaves of yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron chrysanthum), ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint. Highly recommended by Pallas and Koelpin in gout, chronic rheumatism, and syphilis. It has marked narcotic properties.

Infusion of Rhubarb. Syn. Infusum rhei (B. P., Ph. L. E. & D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Rhubarb (in thin slices), 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse for 1 hour, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Rhubarb (sliced), 3 dr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Rhubarb, 2 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour.

4. (Ph. E.) Rhubarb (in coarse powder). 1 oz.; boiling water, 18 fl. oz.; infuse for 12 hours, add of spirit of cinnamon, 2 fl. oz,; and strain through linen or calico. Stomachic and purgative; along with neutral salts or aromatics.

Obs. The infusion of the Ph. E. being fully double as strong as that of the Ph. L. & D., must be taken in proportionate doses.

5. (Concentrated; Infusum rhei concentratum, L.)—a. Rhubarb (in coarse powder), 10 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; cold distilled water, 1 quart; digest 10 days, with frequent agitation, then express the liquor, and filter it; or proceed by the method of displacement.

b. Rhubarb, 3 lbs. 5 oz.; cold distilled water, 11 pints; rectified spirit, 5¹⁄₂ pints; as the last.

Obs. 1 fl. dr. of either of the above, added to 7 fl. dr. of water, forms 1 fl. oz. of liquid, resembling, and in many points preferable to, the infusion of the Ph. L. The above is the only way a fine, rich-coloured, and transparent concentrated preparation can be made, that will keep well. Should it not prove perfectly limpid, it may be clarified in the way already mentioned.

6. (Alkaline; Infusum rhei alkalinum, I. r. cum potassâ, L.—Copland.) Rhubarb, 2 dr.; carbonate of potassa, 1 dr.; boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint; macerate for 4 hours, strain, and add of tincture of cinnamon, ¹⁄₂ fl. oz. In dyspepsia, acidity, heartburn, &c.

Infusion of Ro′ses. Syn. Infusum rosæ, L., 1. (Simple.) From the petals of red roses. Used as colouring and for a test; mixed with vinegar and sweetened with honey, it forms a popular gargle in sore throat.

2. (Compound; Infusum rosæ—Ph. E. I. rosæ compositum—Ph. L., I. r. acidum—B. P., Ph. D.) Prep.—a. Red rose petals (broken up), 1 oz.; dilute sulphuric acid, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse for half an hour with the acid and water, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

b. (Ph. L.) Petals of the red or damask rose (dried and pulled asunder), 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; mix, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 1¹⁄₂ fl. dr.; macerate for 2 hours, strain off the liquor, and dissolve in it white sugar, 6 dr. The Edinburgh form is nearly similar.

c. (Ph. D.) Petals, 2 dr.; boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint; infuse 1 hour, strain, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 1 fl. dr.

Obs. A vessel or glass of stoneware should be used to make the infusion in, as metallic vessels injure the colour of the liquid, and are also attacked by the acid. The best plan is to add the dilute sulphuric acid to the water before pouring it on the leaves. The infusion may be squeezed out of the leaves with the hands.

The COMPOUND INFUSION OF ROSES is principally used as a vehicle for sulphate of quinine, saline purgatives, and some other medicines. It is astringent and refrigerant, and, when diluted with water, forms a pleasant drink in febrile disorders, phthisical sweats, hæmorrhages, diarrhœa, &c. It also makes a very useful astringent gargle.—Dose, 1 to 4 fl. oz.; either alone or diluted with water. It is incompatible with the alkalies and earths, and their carbonates and their bicarbonates.

3. (Concentrated; Infusum rosæ concentratum, L.)—a. Rose petals, 10 oz.; boiling distilled water, 3 pints; infuse for 2 hours, with frequent agitation, express the liquid, strain through a clean hair sieve, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 4¹⁄₂ fl. oz.; after agitation for 5 or 6 minutes, and repose for 2 or 3 hours, decant the clear portion, and filter through paper supported on calico; next, dissolve in the liquid 1¹⁄₄ lb. of the finest white sugar, broken up into small lumps, but perfectly free from dust and dirt; lastly, pour the infusion into clean, stoppered, green-glass bottles, and, as much as possible, keep them from the light, and in a cool place.

b. Rose petals, 3¹⁄₄ lbs.; boiling water, 2 gall.; diluted sulphuric acid, 24 fl. oz.; finest white sugar, 6¹⁄₂ lbs.; as the last.

c. The same quantity of dilute sulphuric acid and cold water, as before; mix, and infuse the rose leaves in the liquid for 48 hours, then express, filter, and add the sugar. Product very fine, and keeps well without becoming gelatinous.

Obs. This preparation is 8 times as strong as that of the Ph. L. (2, a). Great care should be taken that the utensils are perfectly clean, especially the press, if one is employed; and earthenware glazed with lead should be avoided. The pressing should also be conducted as rapidly as possible, to avoid the colour being injured by the iron. Clean wrought iron does not readily injure the colour of infusion of roses before the addition of the acid. When the last formula is adopted, strong pressure of the leaves with the hands can alone be safely had recourse to. If the infusion does not filter quite clear through paper, it should be set aside for a few days, when, in general, it will be found to filter more readily and satisfactorily. Should it be wanted for immediate sale, the addition of the whites of 2 or 3 eggs, diluted with 2 or 3 ounces of water, followed by violent agitation of the liquid for a few minutes, and repose for an hour or two, will usually render it ‘fine,’ when it may be either decanted, or filtered should it require it. It will now pass rapidly through ordinary filtering paper, and at once run clear.

Infusion of Rue. Syn. Rue tea; Infusum rutæ, L. Carminative, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and vermifuge. It is a popular and useful remedy in flatulent colic, infantile convulsions, epilepsy, hysteria, suppressed menstruation, &c.

Infusion of Rupture-wort. Syn. Infusum herniariæ. Prep. Rupture wood, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint.

Infusion of Safflower. Syn. Infusum carthami. Prep. Safflower, 2 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse for an hour.—Dose. A wine-glassful, as a diaphoretic.

Infusion of Sage. Syn. Sage tea; Infusum salviæ, L. 1. From the leaves of common garden sage. Carminative and stomachic. In flatulence and dyspepsia, and diluted with water as a drink, to lessen the nightsweats in phthisis and fever, and to stop the secretion of milk after weaning.

2. (Compound; Infusum salviæ compositum, L.—Ellis.) Sage and boneset, of each ¹⁄₂ oz.; cascarilla, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1¹⁄₂ pint; infuse until cold. A wine-glassful every 3 or 4 hours in hectic fever.

Infusion of Sarsaparil′la. Syn. Infusum sarzæ, I. sarsaparillæ (Ph. U. S.), L. 1. From the bruised root. Dr Hancock adds ¹⁄₂ fl. dr. of hydrochloric acid to each pint of the water employed, as a menstruum, by which he says the efficacy of the infusion is greatly increased. At St. George’s Hospital a little liquorice root and solution of potassa is added for the same purpose.

2. (Compound; Infusum sarsaparillæ compositum, L.—Ph. D. 1826.) Sarsaparilla root (washed clean with a little cold water, and sliced), 1 oz.; lime water (cold), 16 fl. oz.; macerate for 12 hours, and strain. Inferior to the simple infusion, since both earths and alkalies lessen the solvent action of water on sarsaparilla. Use of both the above, similar to that of the DECOCTION.

Infusion of Sas′safras. Syn. Sassafras tea; Infusum sassafras, L. From sassafras chips. Alterative, stimulant, and sudorific; a popular remedy in various cutaneous, rheumatic, scrofulous, and syphilitical affections. Hufeland recommends the addition of a little liquorice root.

Infusion of Sav′ine. Syn. Savine tea; Infusum sabinæ, L. Prep. (Pereira.) Fresh savine leaves or herb, 1 dr.; boiling water, 8 fl. oz.; infuse in a covered vessel. Stimulant, emmenagogue, and vermifuge; in chlorosis, and suppressed menstruation depending on a torpid action of the uterine vessels; in chronic rheumatism, worms, &c.—Dose, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls, cautiously administered.

Infusion of Sax′ifrage. Syn. Saxifrage tea; Infusum pimpinellæ, L. From the root of burnet saxifrage (Pimpinella Saxifraga). Astringent; in diarrhœa, and externally as a wash to remove freckles.

Infusion of Scutella′′ria. Syn. Infusum scutellariæ, L. Prep. (Dr Spalding.) Dried herb of Scutellaria lateriflora, in powder, 1¹⁄₂ teaspoonful; boiling water, 1 pint. By teacupfuls, thrice daily, to prevent hydrophobia.

Infusion of Sen′ega. Syn. Infusion of rattle-snake root, Seneka tea; Infusum senegæ (B. P., Ph. E.), I. polygalæ (Ph. D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Senega, bruised, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 20 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. E.) Senega snake-root (bruised), 10 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for 4 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Polygala root, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz. Stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic, either alone or combined with ammonia; in catarrhs, &c. See Decoction, Extract, &c.

Infusion of Sen′na. Syn. Senna tea; Infusum sennæ (B. P., Ph. E.), I. sennæ compositum (Ph. L. & D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Senna, 1 oz.; ginger, sliced, 30 gr.; boiled distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Senna, 15 dr.; ginger (bruised), 4 scruples; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. E.) Senna, 1¹⁄₂ oz.; ginger, 4 scrup.; boiling water, 1 pint. (See No. 9, below.)

4. (Ph. D.) Senna, ¹⁄₂ oz.; ginger, ¹⁄₂ dr.; boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint. Purgative.—Dose, 1 to 2 wine-glassfuls. It is usually given in doses of 1 to 1¹⁄₂ fl. oz., combined with 3 to 6 dr. of Epsom salts, or other saline purgative, under the name of ‘BLACK DRAUGHT,’

Obs. This infusion is very apt to spoil in warm weather, to prevent which Mr Squire recommends the addition of 1 gr. of nitrate of potassa to each ounce.

5. (Concentrated; Infusum sennæ concentratum, L.)—a. Senna, 2 lbs. 1 oz.; tepid water, 1 quart, macerate for 12 hours, frequently stirring with a stick, and express the liquor; to the ‘marc,’ add of tepid water 1¹⁄₄ pint, repeat the maceration for 3 hours, and again express the liquor with powerful pressure; mix the infusions, and after 2 hours’ repose decant the clear portion, and evaporate it as rapidly as possible, by steam or a chloride of sodium bath, until it measures 1¹⁄₂ pint; pour this into a strong bottle, and when nearly cold, add of rectified spirit, ¹⁄₂ pint; bruised ginger, 3¹⁄₂ oz.; macerate a week with frequent agitation, and after repose for a few days decant the clear portion, and add dilute spirit (1 to 4), q. s. to make the whole measure exactly a quart.

b. Take 8 times the quantity of senna and ginger ordered in the Ph. L., put them into a displacement apparatus, either alone or mixed with clean washed sand, and transmit water, mixed with ¹⁄₄th part of rectified spirit, through the mass, until the proper quantity of infusion is obtained.

c. (Wholesale.) Alexandrian senna (best), 7 lbs.; unbleached Jamaica ginger (finest, bruised), 3 lbs.; rectified spirit and water, of each 1 gall.; macerate for 14 days, press out the fluid, filter, and set it aside in a well-corked bottle; then take of good East India senna, 25 lbs.; and the ‘pressings’ or ‘marc’ from the tincture, and macerate in the least possible quantity (10 or 12 galls.) of cold distilled water, for 12 or 14 hours, employing frequent agitation with a wooden spatula; next press out the liquid, and again macerate the ‘marc’ in cold distilled water (5 or 6 galls.) for 2 hours; press, mix the two liquors, strain, heat gradually to the boiling point, carefully separate the coagulated albumen and afterwards evaporate as quickly as possible to exactly 9 quarts; put the liquid at once into a vessel capable of holding 5 gallons, bung close to exclude the air, and when nearly cold add the ‘tincture’ obtained from the Alexandrian senna and the ginger; the whole must now be well agitated together, and allowed to stand for a week, when the clear portion must be carefully decanted into bottles (Winchester quarts) for sale.

d. As the last, but employing hot water, and limiting the period of the infusions to 2 hours and 1 hour.

Obs. The preceding formulæ are at present employed in the wholesale trade, by nearly all those houses that are most noted for the superior quality of their ‘CONCENTRATED INFUSIONS,’ The products of the whole are excellent. That from c is very beautiful, and contains all the valuable active matter that it is possible to extract from the ingredients, under the circumstances. It also keeps well. The last one, like all preparations of senna made with hot water, is apt to drop a large deposit on standing, from which the last portion of the infusion is obtained with difficulty. They each furnish a liquid, of which 1 fl. dr. added to 7 fl. dr. of pure water forms 1 fl. oz. of a preparation precisely similar in medicinal qualities to the INFUSUM SENNÆ COMP.—Ph. L.

From the extreme bulkiness of senna, it has become a practice with certain unprincipled druggists to employ only ¹⁄₃ or ¹⁄₄ of the proper quantity of that drug, and to add burnt sugar or treacle to bring up the consistence and colour, and alkaline solution of gamboge to impart the necessary purgative quality. Concentrated infusion of senna, as generally met with, is nearly worthless. This arises from either the employment of inferior senna, or the destruction of its active principle, by the lengthened exposure to heat and atmospheric oxygen during its manufacture.

6. (With COFFEE; Infusum sennæ cum caffeâ, L.)—a. (Foy.) Senna, 2 dr.; roasted coffee (ground), 1 dr.; boiling water and hot milk, of each 3 fl. oz.; infuse for 12 hours (4?), and strain. For an adult; to be taken in the morning fasting.

b. (Guersand and Blake.) Senna, 10 to 30 gr. (according to age); hot coffee and hot milk at will; infuse, and when cold strain, and sweeten it with sugar, q. s. As a purge for children.

7. (With LEMON JUICE; Infusum sennæ) limoniatum, L.) From senna, 1¹⁄₂ oz.; fresh lemon peel, 1 oz.; lemon juice, 1 fl. oz.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse.

8. (With RHUBARB; Infusum sennæ et rhei, L.—Ellis.) Senna, 6 dr.; manna, 1 oz.; rhubarb and cardamoms, of each (bruised), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 1 hour and strain.

9. (With TAMARINDS; Infusum sennæ compositum—Ph. E., Sennæ cum tamarindis, L.—Ph. E.) Senna, 3 dr.; tamarinds, 1 oz.; coriander seeds, 1 dr.; sugar, ¹⁄₂ oz. (if brown, 1 oz.); boiling water, 8 fl. oz.; infuse for four hours, with agitation, and then strain through calico. Pleasanter than the ordinary infusion of senna.

10. (With TARTAR; Infusum sennæ tartarizatum, L.) From senna, 1¹⁄₂ oz.; coriander seeds, 4 dr.; cream of tartar, 2 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.

Infusion of Ser′pentary. Syn. Infusum serpentariæ (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Serpentary, bruised, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse 2 hours, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Serpentary or Virginian snake-root, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 4 hours in a closed vessel, and strain. The form of the Ph. E. is similar. As a stimulating expectorant and diaphoretic; in chronic catarrhs, low fevers, agues, &c.

3. (Compound; Infusum serpentariæ compositum, L.—Guy’s Hosp.) Virginian snake-root and contrayerva, of each 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate 2 hours, strain; and when cold add of tincture of serpentary 2 fl. oz. As the last.

Infusion of Simaru′ba. Syn. Infusum simarubæ (B. P., Ph. E. & D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Simaruba, bruised, 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 2 hours, and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. E. & Ph. L., 1836.) Bark of the bitter simaruba or mountain damson, 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate 2 hours, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Simaruba bark, 2 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz. Tonic, and, in large doses, emetic; in chronic diarrhœa and dysentery, either alone or combined with opium; and in agues, dyspepsia, &c.

4. (Compound; Infusum simarubæ compositum, L.—Foy.) Simaruba bark and wormwood, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for 15 minutes, strain, and add of syrup of gentian, 1 fl. oz. In agues and dyspepsia.

Infusion of Slip′pery Elm. Syn. Infusum ulmi (Ph. U. S.), I. u. Fulvæ, L. Prep. (Ph. U. S.) Inner bark of slippery elm (Ulmus fulva), 1 oz.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse for 2 hours, and strain. Demulcent.

Infusion of Soap-wort. Syn. Infusum saponariæ, L. From soap-wort root (Saponaria officinalis). Aperient and demulcent; also reputed alterative and antisyphilitic.

Infusion of South′ernwood. Syn. Southernwood tea; Infusum abrotani, L. From the herb southernwood or old man (Absinthium Abrotanum). Antispasmodic, tonic, and vermifuge; in hysteria, difficult and painful menstruation, worms, &c.

Infusion, Stim′ulant. Syn. Infusum stimulans, L. Prep. (Dr Paris.) Black mustard seed (bruised), and dittander, of each ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; macerate for 1 hour, strain, and when cold add of spirit of sal-volatile, 1 fl. dr.; spirit of pimento, ¹⁄₂ fl. oz.—Dose, 2 table-spoonfuls 3 times a day; in palsy.

Infusion of Stink′ing Hel′lebore. Syn. Infusum hellebori fœtidi, L. Prep. (Woodville.) Dried leaves of setter-wort or Helleborus fœtidum, ¹⁄₂ dr. (or green herb, 2 dr.); boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour, and strain. Aperient and vermifuge; and emetic, in large doses. It is chiefly used against the large round worms of children and females, taken fasting.

Infusion of Suc′cory. Syn. Chicory tea; Infusum chicorii, L. From the dried root. Aperient, deobstruent, and tonic; either alone or sweetened with honey or sugar.

Infusion of Sweet Flag. Syn. Calamus tea, Sweet-flag t.; Infusum acori, I. Calami aromatici, L. An aromatic stimulant, tonic, and stomachic. See Sweet Flag.

Infusion of Tam′arinds. Syn. Infusum tamarindi, L. Cooling and laxative; in sore throat, febrile affections, &c., taken ad libitum. See Infusion of Senna.

Infusion of Tan′sy. Syn. Tansy tea; Infusum tanaceti, L. From the dried herb, or the green herb using double the quantity. Aromatic, bitter, tonic, and vermifuge.

Infusion of Tar. Syn. Tar water, Tar tea; Infusum picis liquidæ, Aqua p. l. (Ph. D.), L. Prep. 1. (Bishop Berkeley.) Wood tar, 1 quart; cold water, 1 gall.; stir with a stick for 15 minutes, then allow the tar to subside, strain, and keep it in well-stoppered jars.

2. (Ph. D.) As the last. Taken to the extent of a pint daily in chronic catarrhal and nephritic affections; also used as a lotion in chronic cutaneous diseases, especially those of the scalp in children. See Decoction.

Infusion of Tarax′acum. See Infusion of Dandelion.

Infusion of Tobac′co. Syn. Tobacco water; Infusum tabaci, L. Prep. (Ph. D. 1826.) Tobacco leaves, 1 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; macerate for an hour. Used for enemas; in strangulated hernia, obstinate colic, &c., observing not to administer more than one half at a time; also as a wash to kill pediculi.

Infusion, Ton′ic. See Infusions of Calumba, Cascarilla, Gentian, &c., also Mixtures.

Infusion of Sessamum. (Dr Wood.) Syn. Infusum sesami. Prep. Two fresh leaves of sessamum (Venne) infused in 8 oz. of cold water, form a mucilaginous demulcent drink. Dried leaves require hot water.

Infusion of Silk-weed. Syn. Infusum asclepiadis. Prep. Bark of the common silk-weed, 1 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint.-Dose, 1 oz. to 1¹⁄₂ oz. In cough and dyspnœa.

Infusion of Tre′foil. See Infusion of Buckbean.

Infusion of Tu′lip-tree Bark. Syn. Infusum liriodendri, L. From the bark of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera). Diaphoretic, stimulant, stomachic, and tonic; in dyspepsia, fevers, &c.; also used to flavour liquors.

Infusion of Tur′meric. Syn. Infusion curcumæ, L. Used as a test and to prepare test-paper. When required for keeping, about 1-7th of its volume of rectified spirit must be added.

Infusion of Valer′ian. Syn. Infusum valeriane (B. L., Ph. L. & D.), L. Prep. 1. (B. P.) Valerian, bruised, 120 gr.; boiling distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse 1 hour and strain.—Dose, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Valerian root, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 part; infuse for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Valerian, 2 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz. Antispasmodic and nervine; in hysteria, hypochondriasis, epilepsy, and low fevers.

4. (Compound; Infusum valerianæ compositum, L.) Yellow cinchona bark, 1 oz.; valerian, ¹⁄₂ oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; as before. In debilitated nervous habits.

Infusion of Vanil′la. Syn. Vanilla tea; Infusum vanillæ, L. Prep. Vanilla, 1¹⁄₂ dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. A stimulant antispasmodic; in hysteria, rheumatism, anaphrodisia, &c.; but chiefly used as a flavouring for liqueurs, confectionery, &c.

Infusion of Vittie Vayr. Syn. Vittie vayr tea; Infusum vetiveriæ, L. From the roots of Andropogon muricatus (VETIVER, VITTIE VAYR, or CUSCUS). Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and stimulant, and, when warm, diaphoretic and emmenagogue; in rheumatism gout, slight febrile cases, &c.; and as a prophylactic of cholera. See Essence.

Infusion of Wall-pel′litory. Syn. Infusum parietariæ, L. From the dried herb (Parietaria officinalis). Aperient, diuretic, and pectoral; in asthmas, dropsies, calculous affections, &c.

Infusion of Wal′nut Leaves. Syn. Walnut-leaf tea; Infusum juglandis, L. From the fresh leaves of the common walnut (Juglans regia); also from the inner wood-bark, and the green rind of the fruit. See Decoction and Extract.

Infusion of Water-fen′nel. Syn. Infusum phellandri, L. Prep. (Bird.) Seeds of water-fennel, 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint.—Dose, 3 to 4 fl. dr.; to check excessive expectoration.

Infusion of Whor′tleberry. Syn. Infusum uvæ ursi, L. With alkalies, henbane, or opium, in diseases of the urinary organs; and with sulphuric acid and foxglove, in affections of the lungs. See DECOCTION and Extract.

Note.—Infusum Uvæ Ursi of the Brit. Pharmacopœia.

Infusion of Wild-cherry Bark. Syn. Infusum pruni Virginianæ (Ph. U. S.), L. Prep. (Ph. U. S.) Wild cherry-tree bark (Prunus Virginiana or Cerasus Serotina), ¹⁄₂ oz.; cold water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse 24 hours, and strain. A valuable tonic and febrifuge. Wild-cherry bark also exercises a sedative action on the circulatory and nervous system, and is much used in America in a variety of diseases.

Infusion of Wild Gin′ger. Syn. Infusum asari Canadensis, L. From the root of wild ginger or Canada snake-root (Asarum Canadense). A warm stimulant diaphoretic, in the same cases as infusion of Virginian snake-root.

Infusion of Wil′low Bark. Syn. Infusum salicis, L. From the bark of the white or common willow (Salix alba). Astringent, tonic, and febrifuge; often used instead of INFUSION OF CINCHONA.

Infusion of Win′ter Green. Syn. Infusum pyrolæ, I. chimaphilæ, L. Astringent, tonic, and diuretic; in dropsy, nephritic pains, and chronic affections of the urinary organs. It blackens the urine, like uva ursi. See Decoction.

Infusion of Wood Soot. Syn. Soot tea; Infusum fuliginis ligni, L. Antacid and stimulant. A similar preparation is also made from coal-soot, which is reputed antispasmodic and vermifuge.

Infusion of Worm′wood. Syn. Wormwood tea, Infusum absinthii, L. From the fresh tops of the plant, or from only half the quantity of the dried herb. In loss of appetite, dyspepsia, amenorrhœa, leucorrhœa, gout, worms, &c. See Bitters.

INHALA′TION. Syn. Inhalatio, L. In medicine, the drawing in or inspiring of vapour with the breath. Inhalations (INHALATIONES) are vapours or gases imbibed for the purpose of medicating the mucous membrane of the air-passages. The substances that are to furnish the vapours or fumes are put into a vessel called an ‘inhaler’ (see Inhaler), which may be simply a small covered pot or mug of metal or glass, furnished with a short flexible tube, terminating in a small mouth-piece. In many cases even this simple apparatus may be dispensed with, and the fumes inhaled by holding the head over a vessel containing a little of the substance furnishing them; or, as with chloroform, a little may be dropped on a handkerchief or napkin, which is then held to the nose.

The following are the principal substances that are employed for inhalations at the present day:—

1. Carbonic acid gas and nitrous oxide; occasionally used in phthisis, by means of a bladder and mouth-piece.

2. Chlorine gas; exhibited by adding 5 or 6 drops of aqueous chlorine to the water (tepid) of the inhaler, which should be, in this case, of glass; employed in France for phthisis, but seldom used in England.

3. Chloroform; as an anæsthetic.

4. Vapour of iodine, administered in the same way as chlorine; occasionally used in phthisis.

5. Oxygen and hydrogen gases, either alone or diluted with air; employed in asthma and phthisis, by means of a bladder and mouth-piece.

6. Tar vapour, obtained by heating tar, mixed with a little carbonate of potash, over a spirit lamp, occasionally employed in bronchitis, and recommended by Sir A. Crighton in phthisis, but appears of little value in the latter.

7. Steam of hot water; in bronchitis, and to allay the cough in phthisis; small quantities of the seeds of henbane, opium, poppy-heads, &c., are frequently added to produce an anodyne effect. See Cigars (in pharmacy), Disinfectants, Fumigation, Vapours, &c.

INJEC′TION. Syn. Injectio, L. In medicine, any liquid medicine thrown into a cavity of the body by means of a syringe or an elastic bag. Those thrown into the rectum are commonly called ‘clysters’ or ‘enemata,’ and are noticed under the head of Enema. The following are the principal injections employed in medical practice at the present day:—

Injection of Ac′etate of Ammo′′nia. Syn. Injectio ammoniæ acetatis, L. Prep. (Ph. Chirur.) Solution of acetate of ammonia (Ph. L.), 1 part; water, 3 parts. Refrigerant.

Injection of Ac′etate of Cop′per. Syn. Injectio cupri acetatis, L. Prep. From verdigris, 10 gr.; oil of almonds (hot), 4¹⁄₂ oz.; triturate until dissolved, and strain. Detergent.

Injection of Ac′etate of Lead. Syn. Injectio plumbi acetatis, L. Prep. 1. Sugar of lead, ¹⁄₂ dr.; distilled water, ¹⁄₂ pint.

2. (Dr Collier.) Acetate of lead, 40 gr.; rose water, 8 fl. oz. Astringent and sedative. See Sedative injection.

Injection of Ac′etate of Zinc. Syn. Injectio zinci acetatis, L. Prep. 1. (Ellis.) Acetate of zinc, 8 gr.; rose water, 4 fl. oz.

2. (Brodie.) Sulphate of zinc, 1 dr.; sugar of lead, 80 gr.; water, 1 pint; dissolve separately, mix, and filter. Astringent.

Injection, Alkaline. Syn. Injectio alkalina, I. lithontriptica, L. Prep. (Chevallier.) Carbonate of soda, 1 dr.; Castile soap, 2 dr.; water, 12 fl. oz.; dissolve. In certain forms of calculus.

Injection of Aloes. (Bories.) Syn. Injectio aloes. Prep. Aloes, 10 gr.; muriate of ammonia, 10 gr.; honey of roses, 1 oz.; fennel water, 6 oz.

4. (Dr Reece). Alum, 1 dr.; acetate of lead, 1¹⁄₂ dr.; triturate with 6 oz. of boiling water, and in an hour filter.

Injection of Al′um. Syn. Injectio aluminis, L. Prep. 1. (Dr Collier.) Alum, 18 gr.; rose-water, 6 fl. oz.; dissolve. For the urethra.

2. (Collier.) Alum, 3 dr.; water, 1 quart. For the vagina.

3. (Ph. Ch.) Alum, 4 gr.; rose-water, 4 fl. oz. The above are all astringent.

Injection of Ammo′′nia. Syn. Injectio ammoniæ, L. Prep. 1. (Dr Ashwell.) Liquor of ammonia, 1 to 2 fl. dr.; milk, 1 pint. In obstructed menstruation.

2. (Lavagna.) Liquor of ammonia, 8 to 20 drops; milk, 2 fl. oz. As the last, thrice daily, beginning with the least quantity of ammonia.

3. Liquor of ammonia, 1 fl. dr.; mucilage, 1 oz.; water, 9 fl. oz. As the last.

Injection of Ammo′′nio-Sulphate of Cop′per. Syn. Injectio cupri ammoniati, L. Prep. (Swediaur.) Ammonio-sulphate of copper, 5 gr.; rose-water, 8 fl. oz. In chronic gonorrhœa.

Injection of Bichlo′′ride of Mer′cury. Syn. Injectio hydrargyri bichloridi, L. Prep. 1. Corrosive sublimate, 2 gr.; rose water, 5 fl. oz.; hydrochloric acid, 1 drop.

2. Corrosive sublimate and sal ammoniac, of each 5 to 10 gr.; water, 1 pint.

3. Sublimate, 5 gr.; rose water, 2¹⁄₂ fl. oz. Used to promote healthy action, and to prevent infection.

Injection of Cal′omel. Syn. Injectio calomelanos, I. hydrargyri, CHLORIDI, L. Prep. (St. B. Hosp.) Calomel, 1 dr.; mucilage, 1 fl. oz.; water, ¹⁄₂ pint. Some persons order ‘quince mucilage.’

Injection of Carbolic Acid. (Throat Hosp.) Syn. Injectio acidi carbolici. Prep. Carbolic acid, 5 gr.; water, 1 oz.; mix. Antiseptic.

Injection of Car′bonate of Lead. Syn. Injectio cerussæ, I. plumbi carbonatis, L. Prep. (Hosp. F.) Carbonate of lead (finely levigated), ¹⁄₂ dr.; sulphate of zinc, 8 gr.; mucilage, 1 oz.; rose water, 5 oz. Cooling and astringent.

Injection of Chlo′′ride of Lime. Syn. Injectio calcis hypochloris, L. Prep. 1. Chloride of lime, ¹⁄₂ dr.; water, ¹⁄₂ pint; agitate well together, and filter. To prevent infection.

2. (Detmold.) Chloride of lime, 2 dr.; decoction of rhatany, 13 fl. oz.; dissolve, and filter. In foul discharges, especially in ozæna, or fœtid ulceration of the nose.

3. (Rousse.) Chloride of lime, 20 gr.; water, 7 fl. oz.; wine of opium, 1 fl. oz. In foul discharges, and to allay irritation.

Injection of Chlo′′ride of So′da. Syn. Injectio sodæ hypochloris, L. Prep. From solution of chloride of soda, 1 fl. dr.; rose water, 3 fl. oz. As the last.

Injection of Chlo′′ride of Zinc. Syn. Injectio zinci chloridi, L. Prep. From chloride of zinc, 2 gr.; rose water, 3 fl. oz.; hydrochloric acid, 1 drop. In gonorrhœa.

Injection of Copai′ba. Syn. Injectio copaibæ, L. Prep. 1. (Abernethy.) Copaiba 2 dr.; thick mucilage, 5 dr.; lime water, 6 fl. oz.; make an emulsion.

2. (Plenck.) Copaiba, ¹⁄₂ oz.; yolk of egg, q. s.; lime water, 6 fl. oz.; honey of roses, 3 oz. As the last.

3. (Ricord.) Copaiba, 6 dr.; yolk of egg, q. s.; decoction of poppies, 3 to 4 fl. oz. In ulcers of the rectum, vagina, and urethra; and in gonorrhœa.

Injection of Cre′asote. Syn. Injectio creasoti, L. Prep. (Dr Allnatt.) Creasote, 20 drops; white sugar, 2 dr.; liquor of potassa, 2 fl. dr.; triturate, and add of water, 8 fl. oz. In leucorrhœa and piles.

Injection of Cu′bebs. Syn. Injectio cubebæ, L. Prep. (Soubeiran.) Cubebs (in powder), 1 oz.; extract of belladonna, 1 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse in a covered vessel, and strain. Stimulant and narcotic. In gonorrhœa and leucorrhœa.

Injection for the Ear. Syn. Injectio acoustica, L. Prep. 1. Ox-gall, 3 dr.; balsam of Peru, 1 dr.; mix. In hardened wax, dryness of membranes, &c.

2. Oil of almonds or cloves, 2 oz.; oil of amber, 20 drops; tincture of castor, 1 fl. dr.; spirit of camphor, ¹⁄₂ dr.; laudanum, 3 drops; mix. In ear-ache and chronic deafness.

3. (Alibert.) Balsam of Peru, 2 dr.; tincture of musk, 4 or 5 drops; otto of roses, 1 or 2 drops; decoction of St. John’s wort (warm), 16 fl. oz.; agitate together, and after repose decant the clear. In discharges from the ear.

Obs. Mr Yearsley states that drops and injections for the ear should be used with very great caution, and only under proper advice, as they otherwise often aggravate the ailment, instead of curing it.

Injection of Er′got. Syn. Injectio ergotæ, I. secalis cornuti, L. Prep. 1. (Boudin.) Ergot, 1 dr.; boiling water, 8 fl. oz.; infuse until cold. When the urethra is highly sensitive.

2. (Descrolles.) Powdered ergot, 1 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. Both the above are used in chronic inflammation of the vagina, and in gonorrhœa.

Injection of Gal′lic Acid. Syn. Injectio acidi gallici, L. Prep. (Dunglison.) Gallic acid, ¹⁄₂ dr.; water, 1 pint. In leucorrhœa.

Injection of Galls. Syn. Injectio gallæ, L. Prep. From galls (bruised), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 1 hour, and strain. Astringent; in leucorrhœa.

Injection of Hydrochlo′′ric Acid. Syn. Injectio acidi hydrochlorici, L. Prep. From hydrochloric acid, 10 drops; soft water, 5 fl. oz. To prevent and to remove recent infection; also to remove particles of lime and iron from the eye.

Injection of Hydrocyan′ic Ac′id. Syn. Injectio acidi hydrocyanici, L. Prep. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, 1 fl. dr.; soft water or almond emulsion, 1 pint. Anodyne; to allay excessive irritability, both in chronic ophthalmia and gonorrhœa, and to relieve chordee; but in all cases it must be used with caution, and at first largely diluted with water.

Injections, Hypodermic. Syn. Injectiones hypodermicæ, Injectiones subcutaneæ.

1. Hypodermic Injection of Ergotine. (Dr Hildebrandt.) Aqueous extract of ergotine, 3 parts; distilled water and glycerin, of each 7¹⁄₂ parts; for uterine fibroid tumours (Dr Drasch), 5 gr. of ergotine in 1 dr. of glycerin; ¹⁄₅th to be injected, according to circumstances, once or twice a day, in the region of the pectoral muscles; in internal hæmorrhage, hæmoptysis, and epistaxis.

2. Hypodermic Injection of Iodic Acid. Dr Luton uses this in goitre, ¹⁄₂ dr. of solution containing ¹⁄₅th of acid injected at once into the midst of the tumour.

3. Hypodermic Injection of Perchloride of Mercury. (Dr Staub.) Perchloride of mercury and chloride of ammonium, of each 20 gr.; chloride of sodium about 62 gr.; distilled water, 20 gr. After filtration the whole is mixed with solution of the white of one egg, and 4¹⁄₂ dr. of water. The solution contains ¹⁄₃₃rd of a gr. of perchloride to every 20 drops. ¹⁄₆th of a grain of perchloride to be injected each day.

4. Hypodermic Injection of Morphia. (B. P.) Hydrochlorate of morphia 88 gr.; solution of ammonia, acetic acid, distilled water of each, q. s. Dissolve the hydrochlorate in 2 oz. of distilled water by a gentle heat, then add the solution of ammonia, so as to precipitate the morphia, and render the liquid slightly alkaline; allow it to cool; collect the precipitate on a filter, wash with distilled water, and allow it to drain; then transfer the morphia to a porcelain dish, and add acetic acid until the morphia is dissolved, and a very slightly acid solution is formed. Now add distilled water, q. s. to make the solution measure 2 fl. oz. For subcutaneous injection, 1 to 6 minims.

5. Sulphate of morphia is a very good soluble salt.

6. Hypodermic Injection of Quinine. Three to 6 gr. of neutral sulphate of quinine placed on a watch glass, previously warmed, without acid; to this add 12 minims of distilled water, and apply a moderate heat by a spirit lamp for a second, or two. The syringe should be warmed before being used.

Dr Rosenthal advocates the use of glycerin as a medium for the solution of various substances used for subcutaneous injection. The glycerin must be very pure. By gradual elevation of temperature it can be made to take up a large number of certain alkaloids and salts, and will retain them dissolved for a year. 1 fl. dr. will dissolve one scruple of sulphate of quinine, and 10 gr. of hydrochlorate of morphia. Dr Rosenthal states that the injection of quinine has been found very useful in intermittents.

Injection of Io′dide of I′ron. Syn. Injectio ferri iodidi, L. Prep. 1. (Ricord.) Iodide of iron, 6 gr.; water, 5 fl. oz. In gonorrhœa, gradually increasing the quantity of iodide.

2. (Soubeiran.) Iodide of iron, 3 to 4 dr.; water, 1 pint. In suppressed and painful menstruation, leucorrhœa, &c. Both are astringent and well adapted to scrofulous patients.

Injection of I′odide of Potas′sium. Syn. Injectio potassii iodidi, L. Prep. (Foy.) Iodide of potassium, 3 gr.; pure water, 1 pint. As a stimulant to fistulous sinuses and ulcers in persons of scrofulous habits.

Injection of I′odine. Syn. Ioduretted injection; Injectio iodureta, I. iodinii, L. Prep. 1. (M. Ameuille.) Tincture of iodine, 1 part; water, 5 or 6 parts. In refractory fistulæ.

2. (M. Bonnet.) Iodine, 1 part; iodide of potassium, 2 parts; water, 10 parts. In scrofulous hydrarthrosis, &c.

3. (Bransby Cooper.) Compound tincture of iodine, 2 fl. dr.; water, 6 fl. dr. In hydrocele.

4. (Guibourt.) Iodine, 4 gr.; iodide of potassium, 8 gr.; water, 1 pint. To stimulate fistulous sinuses.

5. (Velpeau.) Tincture of iodine, 1 fl. dr.; water, 3 fl. dr. In hydrocele.

Injection, Lithontrip′tic. Syn. Injectio lithontriptica, I. vesicalis, L. Prep. (Dr Hoskins.) Nitro-saccharate of lead, 1 gr.; saccharic acid, 5 drops; rub together, then add of distilled water, 1 fl. oz. As a solvent for phosphatic calculi. See Injection alkaline.

Injection, Mercu′′rial. Syn. Injectio mercurialis, I. hydrargyri, L. Prep. 1. Quicksilver, 1 dr.; gum mucilage, 1¹⁄₂ oz.; triturate until the globules disappear, and gradually add of water, 1¹⁄₂ fl. oz.

2. (Hosp. F.) Quicksilver and balsam of copaiba, of each 4 dr.; yolk of an egg; rose water, ¹⁄₂ pint. An awkward and useless preparation.

Injection of Mor′phia. Syn. Injectio morphiæ, L. Prep. (Brera.) Morphia, 2 gr.; oil of almonds (warm), 1 oz.; triturate together until united. Anodyne and emollient. To ease the pain in ear-ache, acute gonorrhœa, piles, &c.

Injection of Night Shade, Black. (P. C.) Syn. Injectio foliarum solani nigrum. Prep. Dried leaves of black night shade, 1³⁄₄ oz.; boiling water, 36 oz. Infuse 1 hour, and strain.

Injection of Nitrate of Sil′ver. Syn. Injectio argenti nitratis, L. Prep. 1. (Acton.) Nitrate of silver, 3 gr.; distilled water, ¹⁄₂ pint; dissolve.

2. (Dr Arnott.) Nitrate, 12 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.

3. (Dr Collier.) Nitrate, 2 gr.; rose water, 1 fl. oz.

4. (Dr Culverwell.) Nitrate, 20 to 30 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.

5. (Dr Jewell.) Nitrate, 12 gr.; water, 6 fl. oz.

6. (Ricord.) Nitrate, 8 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.

7. (West. Hosp.) Nitrate, 1¹⁄₂ gr.; diluted nitric acid, 1¹⁄₄ minim; distilled water, 1 fl. oz.

Obs. The weaker solutions are used in chronic gonorrhœa, gleet, and leucorrhœa; those of an intermediate strength to prevent an attack of gonorrhœa following the incipient symptoms of that disease; and the strongest, chiefly in spermatorrhœa. Their use requires great caution.

Injection of Oak Bark. Syn. Injectio quercus. Prep. (Univ. Hosp.) Alum, 6 gr.; decoction of oak bark, 1 fl. oz. For the vagina. Astringent.

Injection, Oleaginous. Syn. Injectio oleosa. Prep. Oil of almonds, 4 oz.; liquid subacetate of lead, 8 drops.

Injection of O′′pium. Syn. Injectio opii, I. opiata, L. Prep. 1. Tincture of opium or wine of opium, 1 to 2 fl. dr. (according to circumstances); water, 5 fl. oz. As an anodyne, in gonorrhœa.

2. (Foy.) Extract of opium, 6 gr.; extract of belladonna, 1¹⁄₂ dr.; decoction of wild lettuce, 16 fl. oz. In neuralgia and hæmorrhages.

Injection of Opium with Lead. (Wendt.) Syn. Injectio plumbi opiata. Prep. Extract of opium, 1¹⁄₂ gr.; distilled water, 2 oz.; mucilage, 2 dr.; liquid subacetate of lead, 4 drops.

Injection of Pancreas. (Merkel.) Syn. Injectio pancreatini. Prep. One bullock’s pancreas; glycerin, 8 oz. Rub the finely minced pancreas with the glycerin, mix one third of this mixture with from 4 to 5 oz. of finely minced meat, and inject into the rectum. Said to be easily digested.

Injection of Platino-Chloride of Soda. (Hœffer.) Syn. Injectio platino-chloridi Sodii. Prep. Decoction of poppy, 8 oz.; chloride of platinum and sodium, ¹⁄₂ dr.

Injection, Sed′ative. Syn. Injectio sedativa, L. Prep. (Hosp. F.) Oil of almonds, 1 oz.; solution of diacetate of lead, 20 drops. Cooling, sedative, and emollient.

2. (Wendt.) Aqueous extract of opium, 1¹⁄₂ gr.; mucilage, 2 dr.; solution of diacetate of lead, 4 drops; water, 2 fl. oz. Cooling, sedative, and anodyne.

3. (Gassincourt.) Simple emulsion, 5 fl. oz.; decoction of poppies, 16 fl. oz.; white of 1 egg; mix. In acute gonorrhœa.

Injection, Stim′ulating. Syn. Injectio stimulans, L. Prep. (St. Marie.) Myrrh, 1 oz.; quicklime, 2 oz.; water, 1 quart; digest for 2 or 3 days, and decant the clear portion. In fistulous ulcers.

Injection of Sul′phate of Cop′per. Syn. Injectio cupri sulphatis, L. Prep. 1. Sulphate of copper, 5 gr.; rose water, 4 fl. oz. In chronic gonorrhœa.

2. (Hunter.) Sulphate of copper, 3 gr.; water, 4 fl. oz. As the last.

3. (Swediaur.) Sulphate of copper, 6 gr.; water, 4 fl. oz.; dissolve, and add solution of diacetate of lead, 20 drops. In phimosis.

Injection of Sul′phate of Ir′on. Syn. Injectio ferri sulphatis, L. Prep. (Berends.) Sulphate of iron and mucilage, of each ¹⁄₂ dr.; sage water, 4 fl. oz.; dissolve. In nasal and uterine hæmorrhages.

Injection of Sul′phate of Zinc. Syn. Injectio zinci sulphatis. Prep. 1. (Hosp. F.) Sulphate of zinc, 2 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.

2. (King’s Coll.—Injectio communis.)—a. Sulphate of zinc, 3 gr.; solution of lead, 20 drops; water, 1 fl. oz. For a man. b. Sulphate of zinc, 10 gr.; alum, 10 gr.; decoction of oak bark, 1 fl. oz. For a woman.

Injection of Sul′phuret of Potas′sium. Syn. Injectio potassii sulphureti, L. Prep. (Wedekind.) Sulphuret of potassium, 1 dr.; water, ¹⁄₂ pint. In gonorrhœa.

Injection of Tan′nic Acid. Syn. Injectio tannini, I. acidi tannici, L. Prep. (Béral.) Tannin, ¹⁄₂ dr.; distilled water, 8 fl. oz. (or better, ¹⁄₂ pint). In gleet and leucorrhœa.

Injection of Tea. Syn. Injectio theæ, L. Prep. (Hosp. F.) Green tea (or rough black tea), 1 dr. (say 2 teaspoonfuls); boiling water, ¹⁄₂ pint. Astringent; in gleet and fluor albus.

Injection of Turpentine. (St. Bart.’s Hosp.) Syn. Injectio terebinthinæ. Prep. Oil of turpentine, 1¹⁄₂ fl. oz.; olive oil, 12 fl. oz.

Injection, Vi′nous. Syn. Injectio vini rubri, I. vinosa, L. Prep. (Earle.) Red wine, 1 part; water, 2 or 3 parts. In hydrocele.

Injection of Wood-soot. Syn. Injectio Fuliginis. (Rognetta). Decoction of wood-soot, 16 oz.; alum ¹⁄₂ oz.; water, 6 oz. In leucorrhœa.

Ink. Syn. Atramentum, L. Coloured liquid employed for writing with a pen. Ink is made of various substances and colours; but at present we shall confine our attention to the tanno-gallic compounds, to which the term, when standing alone, is almost exclusively applied.

Prep. 1. Aleppo galls (well bruised), 4 oz.; clean soft water, 1 quart; macerate in a clean corked bottle for 10 days or a fortnight, or even longer, with frequent agitation, then add of gum Arabic (dissolved in a wine-glassful of water), 1¹⁄₄ oz.; lump sugar, ¹⁄₂ oz.; mix well, and afterwards further add of sulphate of iron (green copperas, crushed small), 1¹⁄₂ oz.; agitate occasionally for 2 or 3 days, when the ink may be decanted for use, but is better if the whole is left to digest together for 2 or 3 weeks. When time is an object, the whole of the ingredients may at once be put into a bottle, and the latter agitated daily until the ink is made; and boiling water instead of cold water may be employed. Product. 1 quart of excellent ink, writing pale at first, but soon turning intensely black.

2. Aleppo galls (bruised), 12 lbs.; soft water, 6 galls.; boil in a copper vessel for 1 hour, adding more water to make up for the portion lost by evaporation; strain, and again boil the galls with water, 4 galls.; for ¹⁄₂ an hour; strain off the liquor, and boil a third time with water, 2¹⁄₂ galls., and strain; mix the several liquors, and while still hot, add of green copperas (coarsely powdered), 4¹⁄₂ lbs.; gum arabic (bruised small), 4 lbs.; agitate until dissolved, and after defecation strain through a hair sieve, and keep it in a bunged-up cask for use. Product. 12 galls.; very fine and durable.

3. Aleppo galls (bruised), 14 lbs.; gum, 5 lbs; put them in a small cask, and add of boiling soft water, 15 galls.; allow the whole to macerate, with frequent agitation, for a fortnight, then further add of green copperas, 5 lbs., (dissolved in) water, 7 pints; again mix well, and agitate the whole once daily for 2 or 3 weeks. Prod. Fully 15 galls. Resembles No. 1.

4. Galls (bruised), 9 lbs.; logwood chips (best Campeachy), 3 lbs.; boil as in No. 2; to the strained mixed liquors, add of gum arabic and green copperas, of each (bruised small), 4 lbs.; simmer or digest until dissolved, and at once strain through a hair sieve into the store-cask or jars. Prod. 16¹⁄₂ galls. Excellent, but inferior to the preceding.

5. Galls (bruised), 2 lbs.; logwood chips, green copperas, and gum, of each 1 lb.; water, 7 galls.; boil 2 hours, and strain. Prod. 5 galls. A superior ink for retail.

6. Galls (bruised), 1 lb.; logwood, 2 lbs.; gum (common), 1 lb.; green copperas, ³⁄₄ lb.; water, 8 galls.; proceed as last. Prod. 6 galls. Common, but fit for all ordinary purposes.

The following formulæ are for some of the advertised inks, or are those recommended by the authorities whose names are attached to them:—

7. (Anti-corrosive.) Same as ‘Asiatic ink.’

8. (Asiatic.) Galls, 4 lbs.; logwood, 2 lbs.; pomegranate peel, 2 lb.; soft water, 5 galls; boil as in No. 2, then add to the strained and decanted liquor, when cold, of gum Arabic, 1 lb.; lump sugar or sugar candy, ¹⁄₄ lb.; dissolved in water, 3 pints. Product. 4¹⁄₂ galls. Writes pale, but flows well from the pen, and soon gets black.

9. (Brande.) Galls, 6 oz.; green copperas and gum Arabic, of each 4 oz.; soft water, 3 quarts; by decoction.

10. (Chaptal.) As No. 4 (nearly), adding sulphate of copper, ¹⁄₂ lb. Full coloured, but less durable and anticorrosive than the preceding.

11. (Desormeaux.) Galls, 1 lb.; logwood chips, 4 oz.; water, 6 quarts; boil 1 hour, strain 5 quarts, add of sulphate of iron (calcined to whiteness), 4 oz.; brown sugar, 3 oz.; gum, 6 oz.; acetate of copper, ¹⁄₄ oz.; agitate twice a day for a fortnight, then decant the clear, bottle, cork up for use. Writes a full black, and otherwise resembles No. 10.

12. (Elsner.) Galls (powdered), 42 oz.; gum Senegal (powdered), 15 oz.; distilled or rain water, 18 quarts; sulphate of iron (free from copper), 18 oz.; liquor of ammonia, 3 dr.; spirit of wine, 24 oz.; mix these ingredients in an open vessel, stirring frequently until the ink attains the desired blackness. This formula is said to give a deep black, neutral ink that does not corrode steel pens.

13. (Exchequer.) Galls (bruised), 40 lbs. (say 4 parts); gum, 10 lbs. (say one part); green sulphate of iron, 9 lbs. (say one part); soft water, 45 galls., (say 45 parts); macerate for 3 weeks, employing frequent agitation. “This ink will endure for centuries.”

14. (Guibourt.) Galls (in powder), 50 parts; hot water, 800 parts; digest 24 hours, strain, and add of green sulphate of iron and gum Arabic, of each 25 parts; when dissolved, add the following solution and mix well:—Sal ammoniac, 8 parts; gum, 2 parts; oil of lavender, 1 part; boiling water, 16 parts. Said to be indelible.

15. (Japan.) This is a black and glossy kind of ink, which may be prepared from either of the above receipts by calcining the copperas until white or yellow, or by sprinkling it (in powder) with a little nitric acid before adding it to the decoction (preferably the former), by which the ink is rendered of a full black as soon as made. The glossiness is given by using more gum. It flows less easily from the pen than other inks, and is less durable than ink that writes paler and afterwards turns black. It is unfitted for steel pens.

16. (Lewis.) Bruised galls, 3 lb.; gum and sulphate of iron, of each 1 lb.; vinegar, 1 gall.; water, 9 quarts; macerate with frequent agitation for 14 days. To produce 3 galls. Fine quality, but apt to act on steel pens.

17. (Prerogative Court.) Galls, 1 lb.; gum Arabic, 6 oz.; alum, 2 oz.; green vitriol, 7 oz.; kino, 3 oz.; logwood raspings, 4 oz.; soft water, 1 gall.; macerate at last. Said to write well on parchment.

18. (Ribaucourt.) Galls, 1 lb.; logwood chips and sulphate of iron, of each ¹⁄₂ lb.; gum 6 oz.; sulphate of copper and sugar candy, of each, 1 oz.; boil the first two in soft water, 2¹⁄₂ galls., to one half, then add the other ingredients. Full coloured, but somewhat corrosive, as No. 10.

19. (Dr Ure.) Galls, 12 lbs.; green copperas and gum Senegal, of each 5 lbs.; as No. 2 (nearly). To produce 12 galls.

20. (Dr Wollaston.) Galls, 1 oz.; sulphate of iron, 3 dr.; gum, ¹⁄₄ oz.; cold water ¹⁄₂ pint; put into a bottle and shaken together every day for a fortnight or longer. A good durable ink, which will bear diluting.

21. (Pharmaceutische Zeitung.) By adding ferrocyanide of potassium to ordinary ink, an indelible writing ink may be obtained. The removal of such an ink by an acid would result in the production of Prussian blue.

General Commentary. According to the most accurate experiments on the preparation of black ink, it appears that the quantity of sulphate of iron should not exceed ¹⁄₃rd part of that of the galls, by which an excess of astringent vegetable matter, which is necessary for the durability of the colour, is preserved in the liquid. Gum, by shielding the writing from the action of the air, tends to preserve the colour; but if much is employed, the ink flows languidly from quill pens, and scarcely at all from steel pens. The latter require a very limpid ink. The addition of sugar (especially of moist sugar) increases the flowing property of the liquid, but makes it dry more slowly, and frequently to pass into an acetous state, in which condition it acts injuriously on the pen. Vinegar, for a like reason, is not calculated for the menstruum, as it rapidly softens quill or horn, and corrodes iron and steel.

To ensure the permanency of the colour of the tanno-gallic inks, the best Aleppo or blue nut-galls must alone be used. No second or inferior quality should be employed. A contrary practice, often adopted for the sake of economy, is nearly always followed by unpleasant results and often by considerable loss.

The only improvement of importance which has been made in the manufacture of writing ink from the common materials, during the last few years, is the practice of first roasting the gall-nuts, which is now adopted by a few of the houses most celebrated for their COPYING INK. In this way a portion of pyrogallic acid is formed, which is very soluble in water, and strikes an intense bluish-black colour with the protosulphate or green sulphate of iron. From galls so treated an ink may be made to write black at once. Care must, however, be taken to avoid any loss of materials by volatilisation.

To prevent any tendency to mouldiness in ink, a few bruised cloves, or a little oil of cloves, or, still better, a few drops of creasote (carbolic acid) may be added. The last two should be previously dissolved in a small quantity of strong vinegar, or rectified spirit. With the same intention some of the large makers allow the ink to become covered with a skin of ‘mould’ in the cask, to render it less liable to undergo the same change when subsequently bottled. Formerly the practice was to add a little spirit for the same purpose.

Sumach, logwood, and oak-bark are frequently substituted for galls in the preparation of common ink. When such is the case, only about ¹⁄₆ or ¹⁄₇th of their weight of copperas should be employed. Inks so made possess little durability.

The very general use of steel pens of late years has caused a corresponding demand for easy-flowing inks, many of which are now vended under the titles of WRITING-FLUIDS, STEEL-PEN INK, ANTICORROSIVE INK, &c. The greater number of these are prepared from galls in the preceding manner; but a less quantity of gum is employed, and greater attention is paid than heretofore to avoid every source of ‘greasiness’ among which smoke and dirty utensils are, perhaps, the principal. The blue ‘writing fluids,’ which either maintain their colour or turn black by exposure to the air, are, in general, prepared from ferrocyanide of potassium, or from indigo, and are fully noticed in another place. Copying ink, another variety of ink of recent introduction, is characterised by its suitableness to metallic pens, and by furnishing a transcript by means of the ‘copying press’ or ‘copying machine.’ (See below.)

The inks prepared by the first four of the above formulæ are very durable and limpid, and will bear dilution with nearly an equal bulk of water, and still be superior in quality to the ordinary inks of the shops. See Galls, Iron, Writing fluid, and below.

Ink, Blue and Blue black. See Writing fluid.

Ink, Brown. 1. A strong decoction of catechu; the shade may be varied by the cautious addition of a little weak solution of bichromate of potash.

2. A strong decoction of logwood, with a very little bichromate of potash.

Ink, Carbon. Dissolve real Indian ink in common black ink, or add a small quantity of lampblack previously heated to redness, and ground perfectly smooth, with a small portion of the ink.

Ink, Carmine. Heat a scruple of carmine with 3 oz. of water of ammonia for some minutes, a little below boiling, and add 15 to 20 gr. of gum. (The inkstand must be kept well closed.)

Ink, Chrome. See Green ink and Writing fluid.

Ink, Coloured. Inks of various colours may be made from a strong decoction of the ingredients used in dyeing, mixed with a little alum or other substance used as a mordant, and gum Arabic. Any of the ordinary water-colour cakes employed in drawing, diffused through water, may also be used as coloured ink. See Brown, Green, and Red inks, &c.

Ink, Copying. This is usually prepared by adding a little sugar or other saccharine matter to ordinary black ink, which for this purpose should be very rich in colour, and preferably made from galls prepared by heat, as noticed above. Writing executed with this ink may be copied within the space of 5 or 6 hours, by passing it through a press (COPYING PRESS) in contact with thin unsized paper (BANK-POST), slightly damped, enclosed between two sheets of thick oiled or waxed paper, when a reversed transcript will be obtained, which will read in proper order when the back of the copy is turned upwards. In the absence of a press a copy may be taken, when the ink is good and the writing very recent, by rolling the sheets, dully arranged on a ruler, over the surface of a flat smooth table, employing as much force as possible, and avoiding any slipping or crumbling of the paper. Another method is to pass a warm flat-iron over the paper laid upon the writing. The following proportions are employed:

1. Sugar candy or lump sugar, 1 oz.; or treacle or moist sugar, 1¹⁄₄ oz.; rich black ink, 1¹⁄₂ pint; dissolve.

2. Malt wort, 1 pint; evaporate it to the consistence of a syrup, and then dissolve it in good black ink, 1¹⁄₄ pint.

3. Solazza juice, 2 oz.; mild ale, ¹⁄₂ pint; dissolve, strain, and triturate with lampblack (previously heated to dull redness it a covered vessel), ¹⁄₄ oz.; when the mixture is complete, add of strong black ink, 1¹⁄₂ pint, mix well, and in 2 or 3 hours decant the clear.

Obs. After making the above mixtures, they must be tried with a common steel pen, and if they do not flow freely, some more unprepared ink should be added until they are found to do so.

Ink, Gold. From gold in the state of a impalpable powder, ground up with a little gum water. The brilliancy of the writing performed with this ink is considerable, and may be increased by burnishing.

Ink, Green. 1. From sap green dissolved in very weak alum water.

2. A strong solution of binacetate of copper in water, or of verdigris in vinegar.

3. (Klaproth.) Verdigris, 2 oz.; cream of tartar, 1 oz.; water, ¹⁄₂ pint; boil to one half, and filter.

4. (Winckley.) Bichromate of potassa, 3 parts; hot water, 8 parts; dissolve, add of rectified spirits, 4 parts, mix, and further add of sulphuric acid, q. s. to liberate the chromic acid, avoiding excess; next evaporate to one half, dilute with water, filter, and add to the filtrate rectified spirit, 4 parts together with 3 or 4 drops of sulphuric acid (if required), to precipitate any remaining potash salt; lastly, decant and preserve the liquid until it assumes a rich green colour.

5. A solution of recently precipitated hydrated oxide of chromium in liquor of ammonia, diluted with distilled water, q. s. A magnificent dark-green liquid, perfectly anti-corrosive.

Ink, Horticultural. Prep. Chloride of platinum, ¹⁄₄ oz.; soft water, 1 pint; dissolve, and preserve it in glass. Used with a clean quill to write on zinc labels. It almost immediately turns black, and cannot be removed by washing. The addition of gum and lampblack, as recommended in certain books, is unnecessary, and even prejudicial to the quality of the ink.

2. Verdigris and sal ammoniac, of each ¹⁄₂ oz.; levigated lampblack, ¹⁄₂ oz.; common vinegar, ¹⁄₄ pint; mix thoroughly. Used as the last, for either zinc, iron, or steel.

3. Blue vitriol, 1 oz.; sal ammoniac, ¹⁄₂ oz. (both in powder); vinegar, ¹⁄₄ pint; dissolve. A little lampblack, or vermilion, may be added, but it is not necessary. As No. 1; for iron, tin, or steel plate. Some of the preparations described below under ‘Incorrodible ink’ are also used by gardeners and nurserymen.

Ink, Incorro′′dible. This name has been given to several preparations of a resinous character, capable of resisting the action of damp and acids.

Prep. 1. Boiled linseed oil, ground with lampblack and Prussian blue, of each q. s. to impart a deep black colour. It may be thinned with oil of turpentine.

2. Good copal or amber varnish, coloured with either plumbago or vermilion.

3. Trinidad asphaltum (genuine), 1 part; oil of turpentine, 4 parts; colour (as last) q. s.

4. (Close.) Cobalt (in powder), 25 gr.; oil of lavender, 200 gr.; dissolve by a gentle heat, and add of lampblack, 3 gr.; indigo 1 gr. (both in impalpable powder); or vermilion, q. s.

5. (Hausmann.) As No. 3 (nearly). Resists the action of iodine, chlorine, alkalies, and acids.

6. (Sheldrake.) Asphaltum dissolved in amber varnish and oil of turpentine, and coloured with lampblack.

Coarsely powdered anacardium nuts (the fruit of the Anacardium orientale) are macerated in a well-closed bottle with petroleum ether, for some time. Upon allowing the latter to evaporate spontaneously, a syrupy residue is left, and this, when applied to linen or cotton cloth, imparts to them a brownish-yellow colour, which instantly changes to a deep black on the addition of ammonia or lime water. (Böttger.)

Obs. The above are also frequently called ‘indelible’ or ‘indestructible inks.’ They are employed for writing labels on bottles containing strong acids and alkaline solutions. The last five are very permanent, and are capable of resisting the action of iodine, chlorine, alkaline lyes, and acids, together with all the operations of dyeing and bleaching, and at once offer a cheap and an excellent material for marking linen, &c., as they cannot be dissolved off by any menstrua that will not destroy the fabric. They must be employed with stamps, types, or stencil plates, by which greater neatness will be secured than can be obtained with either a brush or pen. See Horticultural Ink, Indelible Ink, &c.

Ink, Indel′ible. Syn. Indestructible ink. Prep. 1. Lampblack (previously heated to dull redness in a covered vessel), ¹⁄₄ oz.; triturate with good black ink (gradually added), 1 pint. Resists chlorine, weak acids, and weak alkaline lyes, in the cold.

2. (Bezanger.) Lampblack ground in a lye of caustic soda, combined with a mixture of gelatin and caustic soda. Said to be indelible, and to resemble genuine China ink.

3. (Braconnot.) Dantzic potash, 4 parts; tanned leather parings, 2 parts; sulphur, 1 part; water, 20 parts; boil them in an iron vessel to dryness, then raise the heat (constantly stirring with an iron rod) until the whole forms a soft mass, observing that it does not ignite; next dissolve the mass in water, q. s., and filter the solution through a cloth. Flows freely from a pen, and resists the action of many chemical substances.

4. (Carbon ink.) Genuine Indian ink, rubbed down with good black ink until it will flow easily from a pen. Resists chlorine, oxalic acid, and ablution with a hair pencil or sponge.

5. (Coathupe.) Borax, 1 oz.; shell-lac, 2 oz., water, 18 fl. oz.; boil in a covered vessel until dissolved, strain, add of thick mucilage, 1 oz., and triturate it with levigated indigo and lampblack, of each q. s., to give a good colour. After 2 hours’ repose, decant it from the dregs, and bottle for use. Resists moisture, chlorine, and acids.

6. (French.)—a. From Indian ink, diffused through water acidulated with hydrochloric acid. For quills.—b. From Indian ink diffused through water slightly alkalised with liquor of potassa. For metallic pens.

7. (Herberger.) Wheat gluten (free from starch), q. s., is dissolved in weak acetic acid of good pure vinegar, 4 fl. oz.; lampblack (best), 10 or 12 gr.; indigo, 2 or 3 gr.; and oil of cloves, 1 or 2 drops, are then added, and the whole is thoroughly incorporated together. The product is inexpensive, has a beautiful black colour, and resists the action of water, chlorine, and weak acids.

Obs. The products of the above formulæ, though called ‘indelible ink’ and ‘indestructible ink,’ are in reality only indelible as compared with common writing ink, as they may all be removed with more or less facility by chemical reagents, assisted by mechanical means. They are intended chiefly for paper, pasteboard, and parchment. No 5 is also used for glass and metal. See Marking ink.

Ink, In′dian. Syn. China ink; Atramentum indicum, L. Prep. 1. Lampblack (finest) is ground to a paste with very weak liquor of potassa, and this paste is then diffused through water slightly alkalised with potassa, after which it is collected, washed with clean water, and dried; the dry powder is next levigated to a smooth, stiff paste, with a strong filtered decoction of carrageen or Irish moss, or of quince seed, a few drops of essence of musk, and about half as much essence of ambergris being added, by way of perfume, towards the end of the process; the mass is, lastly, moulded into cakes, which are ornamented with Chinese characters and devices, as soon as they are dry and hard.

2. A weak solution of fine gelatin is boiled at a high temperature in a Papin’s digester for 2 hours, and then in an open vessel for 1 hour more; the liquid is next filtered and evaporated to a proper consistence, either in a steam or salt-water bath; it is, lastly, made into a paste, as before, with pure lampblack which has been previously heated to dull redness in a well-closed crucible. Neither of the above gelatinise in cold weather, like the ordinary imitations.

3. (Gray.) Pure lampblack made up with asses′-skin glue, and scented with musk.

4. (Merimée.) Dissolve superfine glue in water, add a strong solution of nut-galls, and wash the precipitate in hot water; then dissolve it in a fresh solution of glue, filter, evaporate to a proper thickness, and form it into a paste as before, with purified lampblack.

5. (Proust.) As No. 1 (nearly).

6. Seed-lac, ¹⁄₂ oz.; borax, 1¹⁄₂ dr.; water, ¹⁄₂ pint; boil to 8 oz., filter, and make a paste with pure lampblack, as before. When dry, it resists the action of water.

Obs. The Chinese do not use glue in the preparation of their ink, but an infusion or decoction of certain seeds abounding in a glutinous transparent mucilage, which at once imparts brilliancy and durability to the colour. Starch converted into gum by means of sulphuric acid, or ‘British gum,’ has been recommended as a substitute. (M. Merimée.) Indian ink is chiefly employed by artists, but it has been occasionally given as a medicine, dissolved in water or wine, in hæmorrhages and stomach complaints.—Dose, 1 to 2 dr.

[For continuation of the article on Inks, see Vol. II.]

END OF VOL. I.