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The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 4

Volume 4 — Sānsia

Reading edition

List of Paragraphs

1. Historical notice of the caste

2. Social customs

3. Taboos of relationship

4. Organisation for dacoity

5. Description of a dacoity

6. Omens

7. Ordeals

8. Sānsias at the present time

1. Historical notice of the caste

2. Social customs

3. Taboos of relationship

4. Organisation for dacoity

As in the case of the Badhaks the arrangements for a dacoity were carefully organised. Each band had a Jemādār or leader, while the others were called Sipāhis or soldiers. A tenth of all the booty taken was given to the Jemādār in return for the provision of the spears, torches and other articles, and of the remainder the Jemādār received two shares and the Sipāhis one each. But no novice was permitted to share in the booty or carry a spear until he had participated in two or three successful dacoities; and inasmuch as outsiders, with the exception of the impure Dhers and Māngs, were freely admitted to the Sānsia community in return for a small money payment, some such apprenticeship as this was no doubt necessary. If a Sipāhi was killed in a dacoity his wife was entitled to a sum of Rs. 350 and half an ordinary share in future dacoities as long as she remained with the gang. The Sānsias never pitched their camp in the vicinity of the place in which they contemplated an enterprise, but despatched their scouts to it, themselves remaining some twenty miles distant.

5. Description of a dacoity

6. Omens

7. Ordeals

8. Sānsias at the present time

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · This article is based almost entirely on a description of the Sānsias contained in Colonel Sleeman’s Report on the Badhak or Bāgri Dacoits (Note 2 · Sleeman’s Report on the Badhaks, p. 253.Note 3 · Ibidem, p. 254.Note 4 · Sir D. Ibbetson, Punjab Census Report (1881), para. 577.Note 5 · P. 259.Note 6 · The description of a dacoity is combined from two accounts given at pp. 257, 273 of Colonel Sleeman’s Report.Note 7 · Sorghum vulgare.Note 8 · Made of the bark of the date-palm tied with strips of cloth round some inflammable wood.Note 9 · Sleeman, p. 263.Note 10 · But it is unlucky for a snake to cross one’s path in front.Note 11 · Sleeman, pp. 261, 262.Note 12 · Committee of five persons.Note 13 · Ficus religiosa.Note 14 · The seer = 2 lbs.Note 15 · Criminal Classes in the Bombay Presidency; Sānsias and Berias.Note 16 · Mr. Gayer, Central Provinces Police Lectures; p. 68.Note 17 · Sānsia.1—A small caste of wandering criminals of northern India, who live by begging and dealing in cattle. They also steal and commit dacoiNote 18 · The Sānsias say that their ancestors have always resided in Mārwār and Ajmer. About twenty-four miles distant from Ajmer are two towns, PīsaNote 19 · The Sānsias are divided into two groups, Kalkar and Malha; and these two are further subdivided into eight and twelve sections respectively.Note 20 · Colonel Sleeman records some curious taboos among relations.5 A man cannot go into the hut of his mother-in-law or of his son’s wife; for ifNote 21 · The scouts,6 having prospected the town and determined the house to be exploited, usually that of the leading banker, would then proceed to Note 22 · The Sānsias never committed a dacoity on moonlight nights, but had five appointed days during the dark half of the month, the seventh, ninthNote 23 · It would appear that the explanation of this curious ceremony must be that the Sānsias thought the appearance of the wolf to be an omen thatNote 24 · The following is a description given by a Sānsia of their ordeals:11 If a Jemādār suspects a Sipāhi of secreting plunder a panchāyat is asseNote 25 · At present, Mr. Kennedy states,15 the Sānsias travel about in gangs of varying strength with their families, bullocks, sheep, goats and dogs
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