Volume 1 — CHAPTER XXXIV. (continued 2)

Kang-hi’s, 407n

—— preserves, ii. 13.

(See also Sport.)

Hutton, Captain, i. 100n

Hwa-chau, ii. 29n

Hwai-lu, or Hwo-lu-h’ien (Khavailu), the Birmingham of N. Shansi, ii. 15n

Hwai-ngan-fu (Coiganju), ii. 152n

Hwai River, ii. 143n, 152n

Hwang-ho (Yellow River), i. 245n, 282n, 286n, ii. 23n, 25n, 27n;

changes in its courses, 137n, 142n, 143n;

its embankments, 143n

Hwan-ho, ii. 6n

Hyena, i. 378n

Hyrcania, king of, i. 57n

Iabadiu, ii. 286n

Ibn-al-Furāt, i. 67n

Ibn Batuta (Moorish traveller, circa A.D. 1330–1350), i. 4n–9n, 37n, 44n, 46n, 65n, 75n, 76n, 85n, 101n, 110n, 111n, 116n, 120n, 148n, 150n, 151n, 161n, 165n, 202n, 247n, 294n, 346n, 396n–410n, ii. 116n, 163n, 214n, 282n, 286n, 312n, 322n, 337n, 346n, 380n, 391n, 413n; 440n; 444n, 445n; 465n;

his account of Chinese juggling, i. 316n;

his account of Khansa (Kinsay), 214n;

of Zayton, 238n;

in Sumatra, 289n, 294n;

on Camphor, 303n;

in Ceylon, 315n, 322n, 337n;

at Kaulam, 377n, 380n;

in Malabar, 391n;

sees Rukh, 419n;

his account of Maldives, 425n;

dog-sledges, ii. 481n, 483n;

Market in Land of Darkness, 486n;

on Silver Mines of Russia, 488n

Ibn Fozlán, see Fozlán

Ichin-hien, ii. 154n, 168n, 173n

Ichthyophagous cattle and people, ii. 442, 443, 444n

Icon Amlac, king of Abyssinia, ii. 434n–436n

Iconium (Kuniyah, Conia), i. 43, 44n

Idolatry (Buddhism) and Idolaters, in Kashmir, i. 166, 168n;

their decalogue, 167, 170n;

Pashai, 172;

Tangut, 203, 207n;

Kamul, 210;

Kanchau, 219, 221n;

Chingintalas, 212;

Suhchau, 217;

Etzina, their fasting days, 220, 222n, 223;

Tartars and Cathayans, 263, 343, 445, 456;

Erguiul, 274;

Egrigaia, 281;

Tenduc, 284, 285;

Chandu, 300–303;

at Kúblái’s birthday feast, 387;

Cachanfu, ii. 23;

Kenjanfu, 24;

Acbalec Manzi, 33;

Sindafu, 37;

Tibet, 45, 49;

Caindu, 53;

Yachi, 66;

Carajan, 76;

Zardandan, 84;

Mien, 109;

Caugigu, 116;

Coloman, 122;

Cuiju, 124;

Cacanfu, 132;

Chinangli, 135;

Sinjumatu, 138;

Coiganju, 151;

Paukin, 152;

Tiju, 153;

Nanghin, 157;

Chinghianfu, 176;

Tanpiju, 218;

Chipangu, 253;

Chamba, 266;

Sumatra, 284, 292, 299;

Nicobars, 306;

Mutfili, 360;

Coilum, 375;

Eli, 385;

Malabar, 389;

Tana, 395;

Cambaet, 397;

Semenat, 398;

Far North, 479

—— Origin of, ii. 318, 319;

of Brahmans, 364;

of Jogis, 365

Idols, Tartar, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479;

Tangut, 203–207n;

colossal, 219, 221n;

of Cathay, 263;

of Bacsi or Lamas, 302;

of Sensin, 303, 323n–326n;

of East generally, 263, 265n;

in India, 340, 345

Ιερόδουλοι, ii. 351n

Ieu, Gnostics of, ii. 321n

Ifat, Aufat, ii. 435n

Ig, Ij, or Irej, capital of the Shawánkárs, i. 86

Igba Zion, Iakba Siun, king of Abyssinia, ii. 435n

Ilchi, commissioner, i. 30n

Ilchi, modern capital of Khotan, i. 189n, 190n

Ilchigadai Khan, i. 186n

Ilija, hot springs at, i. 47n

Ilkhan, the title, 10

Ilyáts, nomads of Persia, i. 85

Imáms of the Ismailites, i. 146n

Im Thurn, Everard, on Couvade, ii. 94n

Incense, Sumatran, ii. 286;

brown in West India, 395, 396n;

white (i.e. frankincense), in Arabia, 396n, 442, 443n, 445, 446n–449n

India, 12, i. 1, 107, 109, 167, 414, ii. 76, 78, 107, 115, 119, 236, 249;

horse trade to, i. 83, 86n;

trade to Manzi or China from, ii. 190, 216, 390, 395;

believed to breed no horses, 340, 342, 438, 450;

trade with Persia and Arabia, 370;

western limits of, 401, 402n;

islands of, 423, 425n;

division of, 424;

sundry lists of States, 426n–427n;

trade with Aden and Egypt, 438;

with Arabian ports, 442, 444, 450;

confusion of Ethiopia and, 432n

India, the Greater, ii. 331 seqq., 401, 424

—— its extent, ii. 425n, 426n

—— the Lesser, ii. 424, 425n–426n

—— Middle (Abyssinia), ii. 423, 427

—— remarks on this title, ii. 431n

—— Maxima, ii. 426n

—— Tertia, ii. 425n

—— Superior, ii. 426n

—— Sea of, i. 35, 63, 108, 166, ii. 265, 424

Indian drugs to prolong life, ii. 370n

—— geography, dislocation of Polo’s, ii. 377n, 390n, 396n, 403n, 426n

—— nuts, see Coco-nut

—— steel (ondanique), i. 93n

Indies, the Three, and their distribution, ii. 424, 426n

Indifference, religious, of Mongol Emperors, i. 14n, 349n

Indigo, mode of manufacture at Coilum, ii. 375, 381n, 382n;

in Guzerat, 393;

Cambay, 398;

prohibited by London Painters’ Guild, 382n

Indo-China, ii. 426n

Indragiri River, ii. 283n

Infants, exposure of, ii. 147, 151n

Ingushes of Caucasus, i. 268n

Innocent IV., Pope, i. 62n

Inscription, Jewish, at Kaifungfu, i. 346n

Insult, mode of, in South India, ii. 371

Intramural interment prohibited, i. 414

Invulnerability, devices for, ii. 259, 263n

’Irák, i. 74, 84n, 86n, 145n

Irghai, i. 281n

Irish, accused of eating their dead kin, ii. 298n

—— M.S. version of Polo’s Book, 102–103

Iron, in Kerman, i. 90, 92n, 93n, 94n;

in Cobinan, 125

Iron Gate (Derbend Pass), said to have been built by Alexander, i. 53n, 54n;

gate ascribed to, 57n, ii. 494

Irtish River, ii. 493n

Isaac, king of Abyssinia, ii. 432n, 433n

Isabel, queen of Little Armenia, i. 42n

Isabeni, ii. 432n

Isentemur (Sentemur, Essentemur), Kúblái’s grandson, ii. 64, 80n

Ish, the prefix, i. 156n

’Ishin, i. 119n

Ish-Káshm, i. 156n, 172n;

dialect, 160n, 173n

Iskandar, Shah of Malacca, ii. 282n

Islands, of the Indian Sea, ii. 249, 424, 426n;

of China, 251, 264;

in the Gulf of Cheinan, 266n;

Male and Female, 404 seqq.

Isle d’Orléans, ii. 277n

Isle of Rubies (Ceylon), ii. 314n

Ismaïl, Shah of Persia, i. 61n

Ismailites, see Assassins

Ispahan (Istanit, Istan, Spaan), kingdom of Persia, i. 83n, 85n

Israel in China, see Jews

Iteration, wearisome, ii. 133n

I-tsing, ii. 283n

Ivongo, ii. 414n

Ivory trade, ii. 423, 424n

’Izzuddín Muzaffar, suggests paper-money in Persia, i. 428n, 429n

Jacinth, ii. 362n

Jacobite Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n, ii. 409n, 432n–433n;

at Tauris, i. 75, 77n;

Yarkand, 187;

perhaps in China, 291n

Jacobs, Joseph, Barlaam and Josaphat, ii. 327n

Jadah, or Yadah-Tásh, i. 309n

Jade stone (jasper) of Khotan, i. 191, 193n, 194

Jaeschke, Rev. H. A., i. 209n, 243n, 314n, 324n

Jaffa, Count of, his galley, 40, 49

Jaipál, Raja, ii. 346n

Jájnagar, ii. 427n

Jaláluddín of Khwarizm, i. 91n, 236n

Jamáluddín-al-Thaibi, Lord of Kais, i. 65n, ii. 333n, 348n

Jamáluddin, envoy from Ma’bar to Khanbaligh, ii. 337n

Jambi River, ii. 283n

James of Aragon, king, i. 273n, ii. 163n

Jámisfulah (Gauenispola), ii. 307n

Jamúi Khátún, Kúblái’s favourite Queen, her kindness to the captured Chinese princesses, i. 38n, 358n, ii. 151n

Jangama sect, ii. 370n

Janibeg, Khan of Sarai, i. 6n, 264n, 352n

Japan, see Chipangu

Japanese paper-money, i. 428n

Jaroslawl, ii. 489n

Jase, stitched vessel, i. 117n

Jaspar (Gaspar), one of the Magi, i. 78, 82n

Jasper and chalcedony, i. 191, 193n

Jatolic, Játhalík, Jaselic, Gáthalík (καθολικός), i. 60, 61n

Jauchau, ii. 243n

Jaúzgún, former captain of Badakhshan, i. 156n

Java, the Great, 13;

described, ii. 272;

circuit, empires in, 275n;

Kúblái’s expedition against, ib.

Java, the Greater and Lesser, meaning of these terms, ii. 286n

Java, the Less, see Sumatra

Jawa, Jáwi, applied by Arabs to islands and products of the Archipelago generally, ii. 286n

Jaya-Sinhavarman II., king of Champa, ii. 271n

Jazirah, i. 61n

Jehangir (Jehan, Shah), i. 168n

Jenkinson, Anthony, i. 9n, 218n

Jerún (Zarun), island, site of the later Hormuz, i. 110n, 111n, 115n, 121n

Jerusalem, 130, i. 19

Jesuit maps, i. 408n

Jesujabus, Nestorian Patriarch, ii. 377n, 409n

Jews, their test of Mahommed’s prophetic character, i. 56n;

shut up by Alexander, ib.;

their connection with the Tartars, 57n;

in China, their inscription at Kaifungfu, 343, 346n, 347n;

in Coilum, ii. 375;

in Abyssinia, 427, 431n, 434n

Jibal, i. 81n

—— Naḳús, or “Hill of the Bell,” Sinai desert, i. 202n

Jibal-ul-Thabúl, “Hill of Drums,” near Mecca, i. 202n

Jíruft, i. 92n, 106n, 111n, 112n

Jogis (Chughi), ii. 365, 369n

John XXII., Pope, i. 4n, 5n, 186n

Johnson, his visit to Khotan, i. 189n, 190n, 192n, 195n, 198n

Johnston, Keith, i. 81n, ii. 67n

Johore, Sultan of, ii. 281n, 282n

Jon (Jihon, or Oxus) River, ii. 458, 466

Jordanus, Friar, i. 37n

Jor-fattan (Baliapatan), ii. 386n

Josephus, i. 49n, 57n, 66n

Jubb River, ii. 424n

Judi, Mount, i. 62n

Jugglers, at Khan’s feasts, i. 383, 386n, 392;

and gleemen conquer Mien, ii. 110, 114n

Juggling extraordinary, i. 316n, 318 et seq.

Juji, eldest son of Chinghiz, 10, i. 5n, 239n

Juju (Cho-chau), ii. 10, 11n, 127, 131n

Julman, ii. 485n

Junghuhu, on Batta cannibalism, ii. 288n;

on camphor trees, 303n

Junks, ii. 252n, 333n.

(See also Ships.)

Jupár, i. 113n

Justice, administration of Tartar, i. 266

Justinian, Emperor, i. 49n

Juzgána (Dogana), i. 152n

Kaan, and Khan, the titles, 10

Kaan, the Great, see Kúblái

Kaans, the series of, and their burial place, i. 245, 247n–250n;

massacre of all met by funeral party, 246, 250n

Kabul, i. 104n, 165n, ii. 402n

Kachkár (Ovis Vignei), wild sheep, i. 158, 163n

Kadapah, ii. 362n

Kafchi-kúe, ii. 128n

Káfirs of Hindu Kush, i. 165n;

their wine, 87n, 155n

Kahgyur, Tibetan Scripture, ii. 347n

Kahn-i-Panchur, i. 106n

Kaidu (Caidu) Khan, Kúblái’s cousin and life-long opponent, 11, i. 183, 186n, 187, 214n, ii. 148n;

plots with Nayan, i. 333, 334n, 348;

his differences with Kúblái, ii. 457;

and constant aggressions, 457–458;

his death, 459n;

his victorious expedition v. Kúblái, 459;

Kúblái’s resentment, 463;

his daughter’s valour, 463 seqq., 465n;

sends a host v. Abaga, 467

Kaifung-fu, Jews and their synagogues there, i. 346n, 347n;

siege of, ii. 158n

Kaikhatu (Kiacatu), Khan of Persia, seizes throne, i. 35, 38n;

his paper-money scheme, 428n;

his death, 428, ii. 475;

his dissolute character, i. 91n, ii. 475

Kaïkhosru I. and III., Seljukian dynasty, i. 44n

Kaïkobad I. and III., i. 44n

Kaikus, Izz ed-din, i. 44n

Káil, see Cail

Kaïn (Gháín), a city of Persia, i. 86n, 124n, 141n

Kaipingfu (Keibung, Kaiminfu, Kemenfu), i. 25, 227n, 304n, 306n

Kairat-ul-Arab, i. 112n

Kais, see Kish

Kaisaríya (Caesaræa, Casaria), i. 43, 44n, 49n

Kajjala, or Khajlak, a Mongol leader, i. 104n

Kakateya, dynasty, ii. 362n

Kakhyens, Kachyens, tribe in Western Yun-nan, ii. 74n, 82n, 90n, 120n

Ḳakula, ii. 279n

Kala’ Atishparastán (Cala Ataperistan), “The Castle of the Fire-Worshippers”), i. 78, 82n

Kala’ Safed, i. 85n

Kalaján (Calachan), i. 281, 282n

Kalámúr, ii. 427n

Kalantan, ii. 279n

Ḳalchi, Ḳalaḳchi, i. 380n

Kales Devar, king of Ma’bar, ii. 333n, 335n;

his enormous wealth, 333n

Kalgan, or Chang-kia-keu, i. 295n

Kalhát (Kalhátú, Calatu, Calaiate), i. 120n, ii. 348n;

described, 449–450, 451n;

idiom of, 451n

Kalidása, the poet, on the Yak, i. 278n

Kalikut, ii. 386n, 391n, 440n

Ḳálín, marriage prices, i. 256n, 392n

Kalinga, ii. 329n, 330n

Kalinjar, ii. 426n

Kalmia angustifolia, poisonous, i. 219n

Kamál Malik, i. 68n

Ḳamárah, Ḳomar, ii. 279n

Kamasal (Conosalmi), Kahn-i-asal, “The honey canal,” i. 99, 106n

Kambala, Kúblái’s grandson, i. 361n

Kambáyat (Cambay), ii. 398n

Kamboja (Chinla), ii. 134n, 278n, 374n

Kampar, district and River, Buddhist ruins, ii. 283n

Kamul (Komal, Camul), the Mongol Khamil, Chinese Hami, i. 209, 211n, 214n

Kanát, or Kárez, underground stream, i. 123, 124n

Kanát-ul-Shám (Conosalmi), i. 106n

Kanauj, ii. 427n

Kanbalu Island, ii. 414n

Kanchau (Campichu), i. 219, 220n

Kandahár, Kandar, Gandhára, ii. 72n, 73n, 329n, 402n

Kandy, ii. 328n

Kanerkes, or Kanishka, king, i. 168n;

coins of, 173n

Kang-hi, Emperor, i. 251n, 407n, ii. 8n, 182n

Kank, i. 194n, 195n

Kanp’u (Ganpu), old Port of Hang-chau, ii. 198n, 199n

Kansan, see Shen-si

Kansuh, i. 206n, 220n

Kao Hoshang, i. 422n

Kao-Tsung, Emperor, ii. 28n

Kao-yu (Cayu), ii. 153n

Kapilavastu, ii. 322n

Kapukada, Capucate, ii. 380n

Ḳarábughá, Carabya, Calabra, a military engine, ii. 168n

Kará Hulun, ii. 485n

Karájáng (Carajan, or Yun-nan), ii. 64, 67n, 72n, 73n, 80n

Karákásh (“black jade”) River, i. 193n

Karákhitaian Empire, i. 231n

—— Princes of Kerman, i. 91n

Kará Khoja, i. 214n

Karakorum (Caracoron), i. 66n, 226, 227n, 269, ii. 460

Kara Kumiz, special kind of Kumiz, i. 259n

Karámúren (Caramoran) River, Mongol name for the Hwang-ho, or Yellow River, i. 245n, 282n, 286n, ii. 22, 23n

Karana, meaning of, i. 101n

Karáni (vulgo Cranny), i. 101n

Karanút, a Mongol sept, i, 101n

Ḳaraún Jidun, or Khidun, i. 101n

Karaunahs (Caraonas), a robber tribe, i. 98, 101n, 121n

Karavat, an instrument for self-decollation, ii. 349n

Karens, ii. 74n

Karmathian, heretics, i. 187n

Karnúl, ii. 362n

Karráh, ii. 427n

Karra-Mánikpúr, i. 86n

Kartazōnon, Karkaddan, rhinoceros, ii. 291n

Kaṣaidi Arabs, ii. 443n

Kash, jade, i. 193n

Kashan, i. 81n

Káshgar (Cascar), i. 180, 182n;

Chankans of, 193n, ii. 594n

Kashísh (Casses), i. 70n, ii. 409n

Kashmír (Keshimur), 104n, 164n, 166;

Buddhism, 166, 168n;

beauty of the women, 166, 169n;

conjurers, 166, 168n;

the language of, 168n;

sorcery in, ii. 593

Kashmiris, i. 76n, 166

Kasia, people and hills, ii. 59n

Kasyapa Buddha, ii. 356n

Kataghan, breed of horses, i. 162n

Ḳaṭar pirates, ii. 409n

Kátif, ii. 348n

Kattiawár, ii. 395n;

pirates, 400n

Kaulam, see Coilum

Kaulam-Malé, ii. 377n

Kauli (Cauly), Corea, i. 343, 345n

Kaunchi (Conchi), Khan, ii. 479, 481n

Káveripattanam, ii. 335n

Káveri River, delta of, ii. 335n

Kavir, saline swamp, i. 124n

Kavváyi, ii. 388n

Káyal, Káil, see Cail

—— Pattanam, ii. 372n

—— Punnei-, ii. 372n

Kayten, ii. 234n

Kazan, i. 6n, 7n

Kazáwinah, i. 101n

Kazbek, i. 54n

Kazvín (Casvin), i. 83, 84n, 101n, 141n

Keary, C. F., i. 429n

Kebteul, night-watch, i. 381n

Kehran, ii. 426n

Keiaz tribe, i. 179n

Keibung (Kaipingfu), i. 25, 227n, 304n, 306n

Kelinfu (Kienning-fu), City, its bridges, ii. 225, 228n, 229n, 234n

Kemenfu, see Kaipingfu

Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 25n, 27n–29n

Keraits, a great Tartar tribe, i. 236n, 237n, 271n, 287n, 288n

Kerala, ii. 390n

Keria, see Kiria

Keriza River, ii. 595n

Kermán, i. 89n, 90, 109, 110, ii. 452;

route to Hormus from, i. 91, 107, 110;

steel manufacture, its industries, 96n;

king of, Atabeg of, 107, 110;

stitched vessels of, 117n;

desert of, 123, 124n

Kerulen (K’i-lien) valley, the Khans’ burial-ground, i. 248n

Keshican (Keshikten), Kúblái’s life-guard, i. 379, 380n, 381n, 394n

Kesmacoran (Kij-Makrán), i. 86n, ii. 401, 402n;

Kij-Makrán, 402n

Keuyung Kwan, village, i. 28n

Khakán, the word, 10

Khalif (Calif) Mosta’Sim Billah of Baghdad, i. 63;

taken by Hulákú and starved to death, 64;

plot v. the Christians laid by a former—the miracle of the mountain, 69–73;

becomes secretly a Christian, 73

Khálij, ii. 439n

Khàm, stuff made with cotton thread, i. 190n

Khambavati (Cambay), ii. 398n

Khanabad (Dogana?), i. 156n

Khán Bádshah of Khotan, i. 189n

Khánbalík, see Cambaluc

Khanfu, ii. 199n

Khanikoff, N. de (travels in Persia), i. 49n, 53n, 58n, 74n, 89n, 91n, 92n, 96n, 101n, 106n, 114n, 121n, 124n, 141n, 150n, 193n

Khanjár-i-Hundwán, hanger of Indian steel, i. 93n

Khán-khánán, a title, 10

Khanoolla (Mount Royal), site of Chinghiz’s tomb, i. 247n

Khansâ, ii. 199n, 214n

Kharesem, Mount, i. 155n

Khato-tribe, ii. 120n

Khátún-gol, or “Lady’s River,” i.e. Hwang-ho, i. 245n, 249n

Khatun, title of Khan’s wives, 10

Khavailu (Hwo-lu h’ien), ii. 15n

Khazars, the, i. 7n, ii. 492n

Khilak, i. 54n

Khimka, ii. 238n

Khinsa, Khingsai, Khinzai, ii. 144n, 175n, 214n.

(See Kinsay.)

Khitan, Khitai, 11

—— character, i. 28n

—— dynasty of Liao, i. 232n, 288n, ii. 20n

Khmer, ii. 279n

Khodabanda, Ilkhan of Kermán, i. 91n, 103n

Khojas, name of modern Ismailite sect, i. 146n, 163n

Khorasan, province, i. 38n, 128n, 131n, 135n, 150n, ii. 467n, 474n;

turquoises of, i. 92n

Khormuzda, supreme deity of the Tartars, i. 257n

Khotan (Cotan), i. 188, 195n, 197n, ii. 594n, 595n;

fruits, i. 190n;

routes between China and, 191n;

buried cities of, 192n;

its jade, 193n

Khumbavati (Cambay), ii. 398n

Khumdán, ii. 27n

Khusrú, Amír, Indian poet, i. 48n, 96n, 104n

Khutuktai Setzen, Prince of the Ordos, i. 257n

Khwarizm, i. 9n

Kiacatu, see Kaikhátu

Kiahing (Ciangan, Canigan), ii. 185n

Kiai- or Hiai-chau (Caichu), ii. 19n

Kiakhta, i. 56n, 218n

Kia-k’ing, Emperor, ii. 143n

Kiang, the Great (Kian and Kian-Suy, and in its highest course Brius, the Kinsha Kiang), ii. 36, 56, 59n, 60n, 64, 67n, 69n, 70n, 72n, 129n–131n, 149n, 154n;

its vastness, and numerous craft, 170, 171, 173n;

steamers on, 173n, 174n;

its former debouchure to the south, and changes, i. 199n

Kiang-Ché, ii. 157n, 217n, 224n;

limits of, 218n

Kiang-Hung, Xieng-Hung, ii. 117n, 127n–129n, 131n

Kiangka, ii. 48n

Kiang-mai, Xieng-mai, Zimmé, ii. 117n, 128n, 279n

Kiangshan, ii. 224n

Kiangsi, ii. 228n

Kiang-su, ii. 135n

Kiang-suy (-shui) River, ii. 36, 40n

Kiangtheu, ii. 105n, 111n, 113n

Kiang-Tung, ii. 117n, 279n

Kiao-chi (Tungking), Chinese etymology of, ii. 119n, 128n

Kia Tsing, Emperor, a great bridge builder, ii. 6n

Ki-chau Castle, ii. 26n

Kieh-Ch’a, ii. 283n

K’ien-ch’ang, Kiung-tu (Caindu), ii. 70n–72n

Kien-chau, ii. 232n

Kien-kwé, ii. 232n

Kien-lung, Emperor, ii. 8n, 196n

Kien-ning fu (Kelinfu), ii. 228n

Kiepert, Map of Asia, i. 197n

Kij-Makrán (Kesmacoran), i. 86n

Kila’-i-Gabr, “Gueber Castle,” i. 81n, 82n

Kilimanchi River, ii. 424n

Kiming shan Mountains, gold and silver mines, i. 295n

Kimiz, kumiz (kemiz), mare’s milk,

—Tartar beverage, i. 257, 259n

Kin, or Golden Dynasty in N. China, 12, i. 28n, 231n, 288n, ii. 8n, 19n, 168n, 190n;

their paper-money, i. 426n, 430n;

story of their Golden King, ii. 17–22

Kincha, Chinese name for Kipchak, ii. 179n

Kin-Chi, or Gold-Teeth (Zardandan), 84–90n

King of the Abraiaman, ii. 364

—— of England, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34;

intercourse with Mongol princes, 36n, ii. 177n

—— of France, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34

—— of Spain, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34, ii. 477n

—— Rev. C. W., i. 370n

Kings of Maabar, the five brothers, ii. 331, 333n, 334n, 337n, 338–339, 370, 371;

their mother’s efforts to check their broils, 371

—— subordinate, or Viceroys, in China, i. 360, 361n, ii. 24, 64, 76, 79n, 190, 199n

—— Tartar, of the Ponent, ii. 490, 492n

Kingsmill, T. W., ii. 154n, 184n, 194n, 220n

King-tê-chên, porcelain manufacture, ii. 243n

K’ing-yüan (Ning-po), ii. 238n

Kin-hwa fu, ii. 222n

Kinki, Kimkhá, ii. 238n

Kinsay (King-szé, or “Capital,” Khansá, Khinsá, Khingsai, Khanzai, Cansay, Campsay), formerly Lin-ngan now Hang-chau fu, 11, ii. 146, 149n, 193n;

its surrender to Bayan, 146, 149n;

extreme public security, 147;

alleged meaning of the name, 182, 184n, 185;

described, 185–208;

bridges, 185, 187, 194n;

hereditary trades, guilds and wealthy craftsmen and their dainty wives, 186, 196n;

the lake, islands and garden-houses, 186, 187, 196n;

stone-towers—inhabitants’ clothing and food, 187, 197n–198n;

guards and police regulations, 187–188;

fires, 188;

alarm towers, paved streets, 189;

revenue, 189, 190, 215, 216, 217n, 218n;

pavements, public baths, port of Ganfu, 189, 198n, 199n;

the province and other provinces of Manzi, garrisons, 190, 200n;

horoscopes, funeral rites, 191, 200n;

palace of the expelled king, 192;

church, house registers, 192, 200n;

hostel regulations, 193;

canals, 200;

markets and squares, 201, 209n;

fruits and fish shops, 202, 210n;

women of the town, physicians and astrologers, courts of justice, 203;

vast consumption of pepper, 204, 210n;

inhabitants’ character—their behaviour to women and foreigners, 204, 210n, 211n;

hatred of soldiers, 205;

pleasures on the lake and in carriage excursions, 205, 211n;

palace of the king, 206;

the king’s effeminacy and ruin, 207–208, 211n;

tides, 208n;

plan of, 209n;

notices by various writers of, 213n;

wealth of, 245n;

ships, 255, 260n

Kin-sha Kiang, “River of Golden Sands” (upper branch of Great Kiang, Brius), ii. 36, 56, 64, 67n, 69n, 70n, 72n

Kinshan, see Golden Island

Kinto, or Hintu, Mongol general, ii. 260n

Kipchak (Ponent), Southern Russia, events related by Polo in, 23, i. 5, 6n, ii. 490 seqq.;

sovereigns, 492n;

people of, 493n;

extent of empire, ib.

Kirghiz Kazak, i. 313n

Kirghiz, the, i. 162n, 176n, 309n, ii. 362n

Kiria, i. 192n, 195n, ii. 595n

Kirk, Sir John, and Raphia palm, ii. 597n

Kis, Kish, or Kais (Kisi), now Ghes, or Kem, island in Persian Gulf, i. 63, 64n, 83, 452;

merchants, ii. 340;

described, 453n

Kishik, Kishikan, Kizik, Keshikchi, see Keshican

Kishm (Casem), i. 153, 155n, 156n, 173n

—— or Brakht (Oaracta), island in the Persian Gulf, i. 115n, 121n

Kistna River, ii. 362n

Kitubuka, General, i. 85n

Kiu-chau, ii. 222n

Kiulan (Quilon), see Coilum

Kizil Irmak, the, i. 45n

Kizil River, i. 54n

Kneeling oxen, i. 97, 99n

Kobad, the Sassanian, i. 53n

Kobdo, i. 215n

Koh-Banán (Cobinan), i. 125

Koja (Coja), a Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n, 38n

Kokcha River, i. 154n–156n, 162n

Kok-Tash, greenstone of Samarkand, i. 187n

Kolastri, or Kolatiri Rajas, ii. 387n

Ko-li-ki-sze, i. 289n

Kolkhoi of Ptolemy, identified, ii. 373n

Kollam, see Coilum

Koloman, see Coloman

Kolyma, bird-hunting at, i. 272n

Κώμακον, ii. 391n

Ḳomár, ii. 279n, 383n

Κομάρια ἄκρον, ii. 382n

Konár tree, Marco Polo’s apples of Paradise, i. 99n

Kondachi, 337n

Konkan, Konkan-Tana, ii. 367n, 390n, 396n

Korano, epithet on Indo-Scythic coins, i. 101n

Korea, History of, ii. 262n

Koresh king, i. 82n

Kornish, or K’o-tow (Khén-théu), i. 391, 393n

Kosakio, a general against Japan, ii. 260n

Kosseir, ii. 439n

Kotcheres, Kurds of Mosul, i. 62n

Kotlogh, or Kutlugh, Sultan of Kerman, i. 91n

Kotlogh Shah, the Chaghataian prince, i. 104n, 121n

Kotrobah Island, ii. 409n

Kouyunjik, sculptures at, i. 100n

Kozlov, Lieutenant K. P., on the Lob-nor, i. 199n

Kuang-chou, ii. 239n

Kúbenán (Cobinan), a Kuh-banán “Hill of the Terebinths or Wild Pistachios,” i. 123, 124n

Kúblái (Cublay), Káán, the Great Khán, i. 8n, 10, 11, 12, 15;

his envoys meet the two elder Polos, 10;

receives and questions the Polos, 11, 12;

sends them as envoys to the Pope, 13;

his desire for Christian teachers, and for oil from the lamp in the Holy Sepulchre, 13, 14;

gives them a Golden Tablet, 15;

his reception of the three Polos, 26;

sends Marco on an embassy, 27;

Marco grows in favour, 30;

allows the Polos to depart with Tablets of Authority, 33–35;

rumour of his death, 38n;

sends a napkin of asbestos to the Pope, 213;

his greatness and power, 246, 247n, 331;

his milk libations, 300;

his inscription at Shangtu, 304n;

Chinghiz’s prophecy, 331n;

his lineage, age, and accession, 332;

Nayan’s revolt, 333;

Nayan’s defeat and death, 336–343;

rebukes anti-Christian gibes, 344;

returns to Cambaluc, 348;

treats four religions with equal respect, 348n;

his views on Christianity, 349n;

how he rewards his captains, 350;

his personal appearance, 356;

his wives and ladies-in-waiting, 356–358;

his palace at Cambaluc, 362;

builds Cambaluc city, 374;

his bodyguard, 379;

order of his feasts, 381;

celebration of his birthday, 387;

his distribution of robes, 387, 394;

his New Year’s feast, 390;

his elephants, 391;

the K’o-tow, 391, 393n;

adopts Chinese ancestor-worship, 392n;

his game laws, 396;

his hunting establishment, 397;

his masters of hounds, 400;

how he goes a-hunting, 402;

how his year is spent, 410;

Ahmad’s influence, oppression, and death, 416–420;

his treatment of Mahomedans, 422n;

his mint and paper-money, 423;

his purchase of valuables, 425;

his twelve great Barons, 430;

his posts and runners, 433;

remission of taxes, 439, 443;

his justice, 440n;

a tree planter, 440;

his store of corn, 443;

charity to the poor, 445;

his astrologers, 446;

gaol deliveries, and prohibition of gambling, 457;

his early campaign in Yun-nan, ii. 46n, 79, 80n;

and the king of Mien and Bangala, 98, 110, 114n;

Litan’s plot, 136;

sends Bayan to invade Manzi, 145;

his dealings with Bayan, 148n, 149n;

satisfied with the Polo’s mangonels, 159;

appoints Mar Sarghis governor of Chinghian-fu, 177;

the city of Kinsay, 186–190;

his revenue from Kinsay, 215;

from Zayton, 235;

his expedition against Chipangu (Japan), 255;

sends force against Chamba, 267, 270n;

attempts to gain Java, 272, 275n;

his death, 275n;

sends to buy Ceylon ruby, 313, 315n;

sends for religions of Sakya, 319;

testifies to miraculous powers of Sakya’s dish, 320;

intercourse with Ma’bar, 337n;

with Kaulam, 378n;

missions to Madagascar, 412–413;

Kaidu’s wars with him, 457 seqq.

—— Khan, territories and people subject to (Turkistan), i. 180, 188, 191, 196;

(Tangut and Mongolia), 203, 212, 217, 269, 274, 281, 284, 285;

(Tibetan frontier and Yun-nan), ii. 50, 53, 64, 109, 116, 119, 122;

(Western China), 124, 127;

(N. Eastern China), 132, 135, 138, 140, 141;

(Manzi), 151–153;

(Sinju), 170;

(Caiju), 174;

Chinghian-fu, 176;

(Chinginju), 178;

(Suju), 181;

(Tanpigu), 218;

(Chonka), 231;

(Zayton), 234;

(Chamba), 267;

(Sumatra), 272, 285, 292, 299

Kuché character, i. 211n

Kudatku Bilik, an Uíghúr poem, i. 28n

Kuhistan, or Hill country of Persia, i. 86n

Kúkachin, see Cocachin

Kukin-Tána, ii. 396n

Kukju (Genkju), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n

Kuku-Khotan (Blue Town), depôt for Mongolian trade with China, i. 278n, 286n, 287n

Ku-kwan, Customs’ Barrier, ii. 14n

Kuláb, lions in, i. 152n;

Salt Mines, 154n

Kulan, Asinus Onager, the Gor Khar of Persia, i. 89n

Kulasaikera, ii. 335n

Kumár, see Ḳomár

Kumhări, Kumari, see Comari

Kumiz, kimiz (kemiz), Mare’s milk, Tartar beverage, i. 257, 259n, 300;

sprinkling of, 308n, 309n, 385n, 411

Kummájar, ii. 491n

Kúnbúm Monastery, i. 319n

Kunduz, i. 152n, 154n

Kunduz (beaver or sable), i. 410n

Kunduz-Baghlán, i. 86n

Kung-ki-cheng (Fei-ch’eng), ii. 6n, 8n

Kunguráts, Kunkuráts (Ungrat), a Mongol tribe, i. 38n, 101n, 359n, 360

Kunichi (Cunichi, or Chinuchi), “The Keepers of the Mastiff Dogs,” i. 400

Kuniyah (Conia), Iconium, Koniah, i. 43, 44n 356n

Kunlun (Pulo Condore), ii. 277n

Kurd dynasty, i. 85n

Kurdistan (Curdistan), i. 9n, 62n, 83, 84n

Kurds, the, i. 60, 62n, 85n

Kúreh-i-Ardeshír (Kuwáshír), i. 91n

Kuria Maria Islands, ii. 405n

Kuridai, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n

Kúrkah, great drum, i. 340n, 341n

Kurmishi, ii. 474n

Kurshids of Lúristán, i. 85n

Kurut (Curd), i. 262, 265n

Kus, Cos (in Egypt), ii. 439n

Kushluk, the Naiman, ii. 20n

Kutan, son of Okkodai, ii. 32n

Kutchluk Khan (Buddhist), Chief of the Naïmans, i. 188n

Kutuktemur, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n

Kutulun, Princess, ii. 465n

Kuwinji, see Kaunchi

Kuyuk Khan, i. 14n, 245, 247n

Kwa-chau (Caiju), at mouth of Great Canabon Yang-tse-Kiang, ii. 144n, 175n

Kwan Hsien, ii. 41n

Kwansinfu, ii. 221n, 224n

Kwawa, i.e. Java, etymology, ii. 119n

Kwei-chau (Cuiju), ii. 82n, 124n, 127n, 129n

Kwei-hwa-ch’eng, or Kuku Khotan, i. 278n, 286n, 287n

Kweilei River, i. 345n

Kyŭng-sang province, ii. 262n

Lac (Wallachia), Lacz, i. 54n, ii. 487, 489n, 490, 491n

Ladies’ dresses in Badakhshan, i. 160, 163n

Ladies of Kinsay, ii. 186

Lagong, ii. 279n

Lahore (Dalivar, Dilivar), i. 99, 104n, 105n, ii. 426n, 427n

Lahsá, ii. 348n

Lájwurd mines, i. 162n

Lake, Caindu, ii. 53, 72n

—— Fanchau, ii. 29n

—— Kinsay, ii. 186, 196n, 200, 214n

—— of Palace at Cambaluc, i. 365, 370n

—— Pleasure parties on, ii. 205, 211n

—— Talifu, ii. 80

—— Yunnan-fu, ii. 66

Laknaoti, ii. 427n

Lakshamana Deva, king of Kashmir, i. 104n

Lamas of Tibetan Buddhism, i. 28n;

their superstitions and rites, 204, 207n, 220, 221n–223n, 301, 302, 314n, 315n;

their monasteries, 303, 319n;

marriage, 303, 319n.

(See also Bakhshi.)

Lambri, kingdom of, ii. 299, 300n, 306, 307n;

situation of, 301n

Lances of Sago Palm, ii. 305n

Lanchang, ii. 279n

Land of Darkness, ii. 484 seqq.;

market in, 486n

Langdarma, i. 168n, 170n

Langting Balghasun, i. 306n

Languages used in Mongol Court and administration, i. 27, 28n–30n

Lan-Ho, i. 305

Lanja Bálús, or Lankha bálús, ii. 308n

Lanka (Ceylon), ii. 320n

Lan Ki Hien (Nan-Che-hien), ii. 222n, 224n

Lanner Falcons, i. 158, 162n, ii. 50

Lan-tsang kiang (Mekong) River, ii. 88n, 128n

Lao-Kiun, or Lao-Tseu, the Philosopher, i. 322n, 325n, 326n

Laos, people of, ii. 91n, 117n, 120n, 128n

Lar, or Láṭ-Desa, ii. 367n

—— province, ii. 363, 367n, 403n

Latin version of Polo’s Book, 63, 81, 90, 95, 100

Latins, the term, i. 10, 12, 32

Latsé, Tibetan for musk, i. 279n

Lauredano, Agnes, ii. 520n

Laurus Camphora, ii. 237n

Lawek, Lawáki, ii. 278n–279n

Laxities of marriage customs, see Marriage

Layard, Mr., i. 85n

Layas, see Ayas

—— Gulf of, i. 17n

Leather, i. 395, 398;

embroidered mats of Guzerat, 393–394, 395n

Leaves, used for plates, ii. 365;

green leaves said to have a soul, 366

Lecomte on Chinese war vessels, i. 37n

Lembeser, Ismaelite fortress, i. 146n

Lenzin, ii. 141n

Leon I., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 42n

Leon II., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 44n

Leon III., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 25n

Leon VI., last king of Lesser Armenia, i. 42n

Leopards, ii. 282, 411, 431;

taught to sit on horseback, i. 299;

(Cheetas) kept for the Chase by Kúblái, 397

Lepechin, Professor, i. 9n

Le Strange, Guy, i. 67n, 92n

Leung Shan, i. 245n

Levant, term applied by Polo to the kingdom of the Mongol Khans, i. 1, 5, 8n, 10, 32, 36, 44, 63, 84, 246, 270, ii. 50, 376, 466, 477, 491, 494

Lewchew, ii. 391n

Lewis, see St. Lewis

Lewis XI. and XII. (France), i. 398n

Lew-sha, old Chinese name for Lop Desert, i. 198n, 201n

Leyes, see Ayas

Lhása, ii. 45n, 70n, 74n;

Labrang Monastery at, i. 319n

Li, Chinese measure, supposed to be confounded with miles, ii. 193n, 194n, 209n

Liampo (Ningpo), ii. 228n, 239n

Liang, or tael, i. 426n, 427n

Liang-chau in Kansuh, i. 29n, 276n, 281n

Liao dynasty, 12, i. 232n, 288n

Liao-tong, i. 289n, 334n, 345n

Libanos, Λιβανοφόρος and Λιβανωτοφόρος χώρα, ii. 445n–446n

Libro d’Oro, 14

Licinius, Emperor, i. 45n

Lidé (Liti), ii. 297n, 305n

Lieuli Ho, ii. 6n

Lign-aloes (eagle-wood), ii. 87, 268;

etymology, 271n;

in Sumatra, 284, 287n

Ligor, ii. 278n

Ligurium, the precious stone, Liguire, i. 398n

Li H’ien, Tartar ruler of Tangut, i. 206n

Likamankwas of Abyssinian kings, ii. 348n

Li-kiang fu, ii. 73n, 90n

Limyrica, ii. 408n

Lindley, i. 99n

Lindsay, Hon. R., ii. 46n, 74n

Linga, ii. 370n

Linju, ii. 140, 141n

Lin-ngan (Hang-chau), ii. 149n, 195n

Lin-ngan in Yun-nan, ii. 120n, 121n, 129n

Lintching-y, or Lingchinghien, ii. 141n

Lin-t’sing chau, ii. 139n

Lion and Sun, i. 352n

Lions, black, ii. 376, 382n, 422

—— on the Oxus, i. 151;

Chinese notion of, i. 399n

—— (apparently for tigers) kept for the chase by Kúblái, i. 397, ii. 31, 42, 56, 214, 219;

skins of striped, i. 405;

how hunted with dogs, ii. 126.

(See also Tigers.)

Lion’s Head Tablets, i. 35, 350, 352n

Lire, various Venetian, 66, 71, ii. 591n–592n

—— of gold, 73

Lisbon, ii. 391n

Lissu, or Lisau tribe, ii. 60n, 90n

Litai, ii. 301n

Litan, rebellion of, i. 313n, ii. 136, 138n

Lithang, ii. 48n, 56n, 67n

Little Orphan Rock, ii. 174n

Liu Pang, founder of 1st Han dynasty, ii. 32n

Liu Pei (Luo Pé), of the Han dynasty, ii. 32n, 38n

Livre des Merveilles, 121, ii. 527n

Livres of gold, ii. 442

—— Parisis, 90, ii. 590n

—— Tournois, i. 83, 86n, ii. 590n

Li Yuan-hao, founder of the Hsi Hsia dynasty, Tangut, i. 206n

Lo, tribes of S.W. China so-called, ii. 123n, 124n, 129n

—— Chinese name of part of Siam, ii. 278n

Lob, see Lop

Locac, kingdom of, ii. 276, 277n–280n

Lockhart, Dr. W., i. 372n, 377n, ii. 8n, 27n, 82n, 124n

Lokok, ii. 278n–280n

Lolo tribes, ii. 60n–63n, 69n, 70n, 123n

Longevity of Brahmins and Jogis, ii. 365, 369n

Longfellow, i. 67n

Lop, city and lake, i. 194, 196;

desert, 196, 197

Lophāburi, ii. 278n

Loping, ii. 129n, 130

Lor, see Lúristan

Lord, Dr. Percival, i. 160n

Löss, brownish-yellow loam, ii. 14n

Loups cerviers (lynx), i. 398n

Low castes, ii. 349–350n

Lowatong River, ii. 130n

Loyang, Bridge of, ii. 241n

Lubán, ii. 446n, 449n

Lubán-Jáwi, ii. 286n

Lubán-Shehri, ii. 449n

Lubbies, ii. 372n

Lucky and unlucky hours and days, ii. 364, 368n

Luddur Deo, ii. 362n

Luh-ho-ta Pagoda, Hang-chau, ii. 193n, 194n

Lukon-Kiao (Hun-ho, Pulisanghin River), ii. 5n, 6n, 8n

Lukyn Port, ii. 279n, 280n

Lung-yin ii. 224n

Lúristan (Lor, Lur), kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 84n;

Great and Little, 85n;

character of Lurs or people of, 87n

Lusignan, John de, i. 42n

Lút, Desert of (Dasht-i-Lut), i. 124n, 127, 128n

Lu-tzŭ tribe, ii. 82n

Lynxes, trained to hunt, i. 397, 398n;

in Cuncun, ii. 31

Ma Twan-lin, the Chinese Pliny, i. 100n, 201n

Maaden, turquoise mines at, i. 92n

Maatum, or Nubia, ii. 431n

Ma’bar (Maabar, i.e. Coromandel coast), province of India, ii. 331, 332n, 338;

its brother kings, 331, 333n, 335n, 370, 371;

pearl fishery, 331, 335n, 337n;

etymology, 332n;

limits, 333n;

obscurity of history, 334n;

port visited by Polo, 335n;

nakedness of people, king, his jewels, 338–346;

his wives, “Trusty Lieges,” treasure, 339, 347n;

horses imported, 340;

superstitious customs, 340;

ox-worship, 341;

Govis, ib.;

no horses bred, 342, 350n;

other customs, 342;

mode of arrest for debt, 343, 350n;

great heat, 343;

regard for omens, 344, 351n;

astrology, treatment of boys, 344;

birds, girls consecrated to idols, 345, 351n;

customs in sleeping, 346, 352n;

ships at Madagascar, 412

Macartney’s Map, i. 173n, 292n

Macgregor, Sir C., “Journey through Khorasan,” i. 86n, 89n

Máchin, city of (Canton), ii. 175n

Máchin, Maháchin (Great China), used by Persian writers as synonymous with Manzi, ii. 35n, 144n, 175n

Maclagan, Major-General (R.E.), i. 105n, 155n

Madagascar (Madeigascar), ii. 411, 413n;

confused with Magadoxo, 414n;

etymology, 414n;

traces of ancient Arab colonisation, 414n

Mádái, Madavi, Maudoy, ii. 387n, 388n

Madjgars, ii. 491n–492n

Madar-Des, Eastern Panjáb, i. 104n

Madras, ii. 355n, 403n

Madura, ii. 333n, 334n, 335n

Maestro, or Great Bear, said to be invisible in Sumatra, ii. 292, 296n

Magadha, ii. 356n

Magadoxo, confused with Madagascar, ii. 414n

Magapatana, near Ceylon, ii. 283n

Magi, the three, i. 78–80;

legend as told by Mas’udi, 82n;

source of fancies about, 82n;

names assigned to, 83n

Magic, of Udyana, i. 164n;

Lamaitic, 301, 314n.

(See also Sorcerers.)

Magical darkness (dry fog and dust storms), i. 98, 105n

Magnet, Mount, ii. 418n

Magyars, ii. 491n–492n

Mahar Amlak, king of Abyssinia, ii. 436n

Mahávan, ii. 426n

Mahmúd Kalháti, prince of Hormuz, i. 121n

Mahmúd of Ghazni, i. 106n

Mahmudiah Canal, ii. 439n

Mahomed (Mahommet), his account of Gog and Magog, i. 56n;

his Paradise, 140;

his alleged prophecy of the Mongols, 265n;

his use of mangonels, ii. 164n

Mahomed, supposed worship of idols of, i. 189n

—— II., uses the old engines of war, ii. 163n, 166n

—— Tarabi, 106n

—— Tughlak of Delhi, his copper token currency, 429n

—— Shah of Malacca, ii. 282n

Mahomedan revolts in China, ii. 29n, 74n, 80n

—— conversion of Malacca, 282n

—— conversion of states in Sumatra, 284, 288n, 294n, 295n, 300n–303n

—— butchers in Kashmir, i. 167

—— butchers in Maabar, ii. 342

—— king of Kayal, 374n

—— merchants at Kayal, 372n

—— settlements on Abyssinian coast, 434n

Mahomedans (Saracens), i. 414, 418;

in Turcomania, 43;

in and near Mausul, 60;

their universal hatred of Christians, 68, 72;

in Tauris, 75;

in Persia, 84;

their hypocrisy about wine, 87n;

at Yezd, 88;

Hormuz, 108;

Cobinan, 125;

Tonocain, 128;

Sapurgan, 149;

Taican, 153;

Badakhshan, 157;

Wakhan, etc., 170;

Kashgar, 180;

strife with Christians in Samarkand, 183;

Yarkand, 187;

Khotan, 188;

Pein, 191;

Charchan, 194;

Lop, 196;

Tangut, 203;

Chingintalas, 212;

Kanchau, 219, 263;

Sinju, 274;

Egrigaia, 281;

Tenduc, their half-breed progeny, 284;

in northern frontier of China, alleged origin of, 288n;

their gibes at Christians, 343;

Kúblái’s dislike of, 420, 422n;

in Yun-nan, ii. 66, 67n, 74n;

in Champa, 268n;

in Sumatra, 284, 288n, 294n, 295n, 300n, 303n;

troops in Ceylon, 314;

pilgrims to Adam’s Peak, 319;

honour St. Thomas, 353;

in Kesmacoran, 401;

in Madagascar, 411;

in Abyssinia, 427;

in Aden, 428, 438;

outrage by, 428 seqq.;

at Esher, 442;

Dufar, 444;

Calatu, 449;

Hormuz, 452;

Ahmad Sultan one, 467

Mailapúr (Shrine of St. Thomas), ii. 355n

Maiman, i. 86n

Maistre, the word, ii. 296n

Maitreya Buddha, ii. 330n

Majapahit, empire of (Java), ii. 275n

Majar (Menjar), ii. 491n

Major, R. H., on Australia, ii. 280n

Makdashan, see Magadoxo

Malabar, Melibar, Malibar, Manibar, ii. 389, 390;

fleets, 389;

products, 389, 390n;

imports, Chinese ships in, 390, 391n

Malacca, ii. 281n;

foundation of, 282n;

chronology, 282n

Malacca, Straits of, ii. 281n

Malaiur, island and city, ii. 280, 281n, 283n, 305–306n

Mal-Amir, or Aidhej, i. 85n

Malasgird, i. 145n

Malay Peninsula, ii. 277n;

invasion of Ceylon, 215n;

chronicle, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 294n, 300n;

language, 286n;

origin of many geographical names, 314n

Malayo, or Tana Malayu, ii. 281n, 283n

Malcolm, Sir John, ii. 351n

Maldive Islands, ii. 425n

Malé in Burma, ii. 113n

Male and Female Islands, ii. 401, 404 seqq.;

legend widely diffused, 405n–406n, 415n

Malifattan, ii. 333n

Malik al Dháhir, king of Samudra, ii. 288n, 294n

—— al Mansúr, ii. 288n, 294n

—— al Sálih, king of Samudra, ii. 288n, 294n, 295n

—— Kafur, ii. 333n

Malli, the, i. 93n

Malpiero, Gasparo, 4

Malte-Brun, 112, i. 86n, ii. 602n

Malwa, ii. 426n, 427n

Mamaseni, i. 85n

Mamre, tree of, i. 131n, 132n, 135n

Mán, barbarians, ii. 60n, 123n, 144n, 228n

Man, Col. Henry, ii. 308n, 312n

Manchu dynasty, i. 29n

Mancopa, ii. 300n, 305n

Mandalé in Burma, ii. 329n

Mandarin language, ii. 243n

Mangalai, third son of Kúblái, 21, i. 361n, ii. 24;

his palace, 24, 25, 31n

Mangalore, ii. 386n

Mangla and Nebila Islands, ii. 405n

Mangonels made by Polos for attack of Saianfu, ii. 159;

etymology, 164n;

account of, 168n;

a barbarous lubricant for, 180n

Mangu (Mangku, Mongu) Khan, Kúblái’s elder brother, 10, 11, i. 8n, 14n, 61n, 103n, 146n, 210, 227n, ii. 32n, 42, 46n;

his death, i. 245n;

reign, massacre at his funeral, 246, 250n, 334n

Mangu-Temur (Mungultemur), ii. 491, 496, 497n

Manjáník (Manjaniki), ii. 164n

—— Kumghá, ii. 168n

Manjaníkis (Mangonellers), ii. 168n.

(See Mangonels.)

Manji, see Manzi

Manjushri, Bodhisatva, ii. 265n

Manphul, Pandit, i. 154n, 156n, 160n, 162n, 163n

Mansur Shah, i. 25n

Mantzé, Man-tzu, Mantszi, Aborigines, ii. 60n, 64n, 144n

Manuel, Comnenus, Emperor, i. 82n

Manufactures, Kúblái’s, i. 412, 415n

Manuscripts of Polo’s Book, 81 seqq., 90 seqq. ii. 526n–552n

Manzi (Facfur), king of, i. 36, ii. 145, 148;

his flight, 146;

his charity, 147, 207–208;

his effeminacy, 147;

his death, 148;

his palace at Kinsay, 191–192, 206–207.

(See Faghfur.)

—— (Mangi) province, 3, ii. 10;

White City of the Frontier, 33, 34n, 36, 49, 139, 141, 144n, 151, 176;

entrance to, 142, 152;

conquest of, 145–146, 148, 158, 178;

character of the people, 181, 204;

its nine kingdoms, 1200 cities and squares, 190, 213;

its bamboos, 219;

no sheep in, 219;

dialects, 236, 243n;

called Chin, 264, 265n;

ships and merchants in India, 386, 390, 391n

—— queen of, surrenders, ii. 146, 150n;

her report of Kinsay, 185

Map, constructed on Polo’s data, 109, 110;

Hereford, 127;

Roger Bacon’s, 132;

Marino Sanudo’s, 133;

Medicean, 134;

Catalan, 135, 136;

Fra Mauro’s, 135;

Ruysch’s, 135;

Mercator’s, 137;

Sanson’s, 137

Mapillas, or Moplahs, ii. 372n, 380n

Maps, allusions to, in Polo’s book, ii. 245n, 312, 424;

early mediæval, 132;

of the Arabs, 132;

in the palace at Venice, 110

Marabia, Maravia, Maravi, ii. 386n–387n

Marah Silu, ii. 294n

Mâramangalam, site of Kolkhoi, ii, 373n

Marash, i. 23n

Maratha, ii. 426n

Mardin (Merdin), i. 60, 62n

Mare’s milk, see Kumiz

Margaritone, i. 22n

Marignolli, John, ii. 23n, 144n, 180n, 193n, 194n, 213n, 239n, 321n, 356n, 358n

Market days, i. 154n, ii. 106, 107n

Markets in Kinsay, ii. 201, 202

—— Squares in Kinsay, ii. 201, 210n, 213n

Marks of Silver, i. 83, ii. 394, 591n

Marriage customs in Khotan, i. 191, 193n

—— customs in Kanchau, i. 220, 223n

—— customs of the Tartars, 252–253, 256n

—— (posthumous) amongst Tartars, 267, 268n

—— laxities of different peoples, i. 191, 193n

—— laxities in Thibet, ii. 44, 48n, 53–54, 56n, 66, 76n

Mar Sarghis, ii. 157n, 177

Marsden’s edition of Polo, 115 and passim

Martin, Dr. Ernest, of French Legation at Pekin, ii. 93n

Martini, ii. 5n, 15n, 29n, 32n, 35n, 137n, 211n, 228n, 229n, 237n;

his Atlas Sinensis, i. 42n, ii. 69n;

his account of Kinsay, ii. 214n and passim

Martyrs, Franciscan, ii. 396n

Masálak-al-Absár, i. 5n, 86n, ii. 214, 348n

Masa’úd, Prince of Hormuz, i. 120n, 121n

Mashhad (Meshed), or Varsach River, i. 150n, 155n, 156n, 193n

Mashiz, i. 92n

Maskat, ii. 451n

Mastiff Dogs, Keepers of the, i. 400, 401n

Mastiffs of Tibet, see Dogs

Mastodon, bogged, ii. 290n

Mas’ud II., Ghiath ed-din-Seljuk dynasty, i. 44n

Mas’udi, 53n, 59n, 62n, 82n, 99n

Masulipatam, ii. 363n

Matchlocks, manufacture at Kerman, i. 90;

at Taianfu, ii. 15n

Ma-t’eu (Matu), ii. 139n

Mati Dhivaja, see Bashpah Lama

Matitánana, ii. 414n

Matityna (Martinique), ii. 405n

Mätzner, Eduard, ii. 601n

Maundevile, Sir John (John a Beard), on lying in water, i. 119n, ii. 604n;

Cloths of Tartary, 295n;

Trees of the Sun, 130n;

Dry Tree, 131n;

his Book of Travels, ii. 598n, 605n;

English version, 601n;

his tomb, 604n

Maung Maorong, or Pong, Shan kingdom, ii. 79n, 113n

Mauro, Fra, his map, i. 6, 133, ii. 128n

Mausul (Mosul), kingdom of, i. 46, 60, 61n, 62n

Mauvenu (Malvennez), the phrase, ii. 21n, 473n

Mayers, W. F., ii. 150n, 596n

Mayhew, A. L., on Couvade, ii. 93n

Mázanderán, province, i. 59n

Mecchino, Ginger, ii. 381n

Medressehs at Sivas, i. 45n

Mekhitar, i. 45n

Mekong River (Lan-tsang kiang), ii. 88n, 128n, 278n

Mekrán, often reckoned part of India, ii. 402n, 403n, 405n

Mekranis, i. 106n

Melchior, one of the Magi, i. 78, 82n

Melibar, see Malabar

Melic, the title, ii. 449, 450, 470n

Melons, dried, of Shibrgán, i. 149, 150n

Menangkabau, ii. 286n, 301n

Mendoza, i. 8n

Menezes, Duarte, ii. 358n

Mengki, envoy to Java, ii. 75n

Menjar (Májar?), ii. 490, 491n

Menuvair and Grosvair, ii. 483n

Merghuz Boirúk Khan, ii. 19n

Merkit (Mecrit, Mescript), a Tartar tribe, i. 236n, 269, 271n

Meshid (more correctly Mashhad), i. 150n, 155n, 156n, 193n

Messengers, Royal Mongol, i. 36n

Mexico, ii. 405n

Meyer, Paul, Alexandre le Grand, i. 56n

Miafaraḳain, i. 68n

Miau-tzu, ii. 82n

Mien, Amien, Ava (Burma), king of, his battle with Tartars, ii. 98n;

City of, 99n, 109;

its gold and silver towers, 110;

how it was conquered, 110, 111n;

communications and war with Mongols, 104;

Chinese notices, 104n

Mikado, ii. 262

Military engines of the Middle Ages, dissertation on, ii. 161n;

two classes, 161n;

Trébuchets, 161n, 163n, 164n;

Balista, 161n;

shot used, carrion, live men, bags of gold, 163n;

Mangonel, 163n, 169n;

Napoleon’s experiments with heavy shot, 164n, 165n;

size and accuracy, 165n;

length of range (Sanudo on), 166n;

effect of Mangonel on Saracens, 166n;

procured by Kúblái for siege of Siang-yang, 167n;

Chinese and Persian histories on, 167n–169n;

known to Mongols and Chinese, 168n;

the Karabugha, or Calabra, 168n;

the P’ao, 169n

Milk, portable, or curd, i. 262, 265n

Milk, rite of sprinkling Mare’s, i. 300, 309n, 411

Million, use of the numeral, 67, ii. 215, 217n

Millione, Millioni, nickname for Polo and his book, 6, 54, 119, ii. 217n

Millioni, Corte del, 4

Milne, ii. 222n

Minao district, i. 110n, 114n

Mines and Minerals, see Iron, Silver, etc.

Minever, see Menuvair

Ming, the Chinese dynasty which ousted the Mongols, A.D. 1368, i. 29n, ii. 15n, 238n;

their changes in Peking, i. 342n;

their paper-money, 427n;

their effeminate customs, ii. 20;

expeditions to India, 392n;

annals, 413n, 439n, 445n

Mingan, Khan’s Master of Hounds, i. 400

Ming-ti, Emperor i. 347n

Minján, dialect of, i. 160n

Minotto, Professor A. S., 6, ii. 511n

Min River (in Fokien), ii. 228n, 230n, 233n, 234n

—— River (in Sze-ch’wan), ii. 40n, 70n, 130n

Mint, the Khan’s, i. 423

Mintsing-hien, ii. 230n

Mious River, ii. 488n

Miracle Stories, fish in Lent, i. 52–57n;

Mountain moved, 68–73;

St. Barsamo’s girdles, 77;

Holy Fire, 80;

Stone at Samarkand, 185;

at St. Thomas’ Shrine, ii. 354, 356n, 358n

Mírat, ii. 426n

Mire, French for leech, i. 81n

Mirkhond, ii. 180n

Mirobolans, ii. 388n

Misḳál, a weight, i. 353n, ii. 41n, 217n, 592n.

(See also Saggio.)

Misri, sugar-candy, ii. 230n

Missionary Friars, powers conferred on, i. 22, 23n;

in China in 14th century, 140, ii. 154n, 237n, 240n

—— Martyrs, i. 312n, ii. 396n

Moa of New Zealand, ii. 417n, 418n

Modhafferians, the, i. 86n

Modun Khotan (“Wood-ville”), i. 408n

Moghistan, i. 110n

Mohammed, son of Yusuf Kelefi, founder of Shíráz, i. 85n

Mohammerah, ii. 444n

Mohiuddin, i. 24n

Mokli, the Jelair, ii. 462n

Molayu, ii. 283n

Molebar, see Malabar

Molephatan, ii. 426n

Molière, Pastorale Comique, i. 341n

Moluccas, ii. 265n

Mombasa, ii. 424n

Momein, ii. 57n, 80n, 81n

Monasteries of Idolaters (Buddhists), i. 167, 219, 286n, 303, 319n, ii. 171, 174n, 175, 176n, 213n

Money, paper, i. 423–425, 426n–430n

—— values, i. 426n, ii. 590n–592n

Mongol conquests, 9, 10;

capture Soldaia, i. 4n;

Bolghar, 7n, 8n;

treachery and cruelty, 61n, 151n, 265n, ii. 181n;

their inroads, i. 105n;

Balkh city, 151n;

invade Balakhshán, 161n;

invasion of Poland and Silesia, ii. 493n

Mongon Khan, see Mangu

Mongotay (Mangkutai), a Mongol officer, ii. 136, 138n

Monkeys, ii. 285, 382, 431;

passed off as pygmies, 285, 383n–385n

Monks, idolatrous, i. 303.

(See Monasteries.)

Monnier, Marcel, his visit to Karakorum, i. 230n;

on the Ch’êng-tu Suspension Bridge, ii. 41n

Monoceros and Maiden, legend of, ii. 285, 291n

Monophysitism, i. 61n

Monsoons, 23, ii. 264–265

Montecorvino, John, Archbishop of Cambaluc, i. 117n, 287n, 289n, 346n, ii. 180n

Monte d’Ely, ii. 386n, 387n

Montgomerie, Major T. G. (R.E.) (Indian Survey), on fire at great altitudes, i. 178n;

position of Kashgar and Yarkund, 182n

Monument at Si-ngan fu, Christian, ii. 27n, 28n

Moon, Mountains of the, ii. 415n, 420n, 421n

Moore, Light of the Harem, i. 115n

Moplahs, see Mapillas

Morgan, E. Delmar, i. 176n, 198n, 207n

Mortagne, siege of, ii. 165n

Morus alba, silk-worm tree, ii. 25n

Moscow, Tartar Massacre at, ii. 493n

Mosolin, or Muslin (Mosolini), Mo-sze, Arab Mauçili, i. 60, 62n, ii. 363n, 408n

Mossos, a tribe, ii. 60n, 63n

Mosta’sim Billah, last Abbaside Khalif of Baghdad, story of his avarice and death, i. 63–64, 67n

Mostocotto, i. 87n

Mosul (Mausul), i. 46, 60, 61n, 62n

Motapallé, see Mutfili

Motawakkil, Khalif, i. 131n

Moule, Bishop G. E., ii. 194n–198n, 209n–213n, 215n

Mount, Green, in Palace grounds at Peking, i. 365, 370n, 372n

—— St. Thomas, ii. 356n, 358n

—— D’Ely, see Monte d’Ely

Mountain, Old Man of the, see Old Man of the

—— Miracle of the, i. 68–73

—— Road in Shensi, extraordinary, ii. 32n

Mourning customs, at Hormuz, i. 109;

in Tangut, 204;

at Kinsay, ii. 191

Mozambique Channel, ii. 415n

Muang, term applied in Shan countries (Laos and W. Yunnan) to fortified towns, as:—

Muang-Chi, ii. 67n

Muang, or Maung Maorong, ii. 79n, 113n

Muang Shung, ii. 120n

Muang Yong, ii. 57n, 117n, 128n

Muláhidah (Mulehet, Alamút, Chinese Mulahi), epithet of Ismaelites, i. 139, 141n, 142n, 146n

Mulberry Trees, i. 423, ii. 13, 24

Mul-Java, ii. 349n

Müller, F. W. K., ii. 89n

Müller, Professor Max, i. 65n;

on Couvade, ii. 93n;

on stories of Buddha and St. Josafat, 323n, 325n, 326n, 328n

Multan, ii. 426n

Múnál pheasant (Lophophorus impeyanus), described by Ælian, i. 280n

Mung (Nicaea), i. 104n

Mungasht, hill fort, stronghold of the Atabegs, i. 85n

Mungul, name applied to Tartars, i. 285.

(See Mongol.)

Mungul-Temur and Mongo-Temur, see Mangu-Temur

Murad Beg, of Kunduz, i. 156n, 161n, 163n

Murghab River, i. 172n, 175n

Murray, Dr. J. A. H., on Couvade, ii. 93n

—— Hugh, ii. 133n, 141n, 175n, 208n, 212n, 486n

Murus Ussu (Brius, Upper Kiang), ii. 67n

Mus, Merdin (Mush, Mardin), i. 60, 62n

Musk, animal (Moschus), i. 275, 279n, 364, ii. 34, 35n, 45, 54

—— earliest mention of and use in medicine, i. 279n

Muslin, see Mosolin

Mutfili (Motapallé for Telingana), ii. 359, 362n, 403n, 424;

its diamonds, 360–361, 362n;

identified, 362n

Muza, ii. 408n

Mynibar, ii. 426n

Mysore, ii. 427n

Mystic number, see Numbers

Nac, Nasich, Naques (Nakh), a kind of brocade, i. 63, 65n, 285, 295n

Nachetti, silk stuff interwoven with gold, i. 65n

Nakhut, gold brocade, i. 65n

Nakkára (Naccara, Nacaires), the great kettledrum signalling action, i. 338, 339n–341n, ii. 461

Nákshatra, ii. 368n

Nalanda, i. 306n

Nan-Chao, formerly Ai-Lao, Shan dynasty in Yun-nan, ii. 73n, 79n

Nancouri, ii. 308n

Nanghin (Ngan-king), ii. 154, 157, 171n

Nangiass, Mongol name of Manzi, ii. 144n

Nankau, archway in Pass of, with polyglot inscription, i. 28n

Nanking, not named by Polo, ii. 158n

Nanwuli, ii. 301n

Naobanján, i. 85n

Naoshirwan, i. 53n

Naphtha in the Caucasian country, i. 46, 49

—— Fire used in war by the Karaunahs, i. 101n

Napier, Sir C., i. 147n

Napoleon III., his researches and experiments on mediæval engines of war, ii. 164n, 165n

Narikela-Dvipa, ii. 307n

Narin-Kaleh, fortress, i. 53n

Narkandam, volcanic island, ii. 312n

Narsinga, King of, ii. 347n

Narwhal tusk, mediæval Unicorn’s Horn, ii. 291n

Nasich, see Nac

Nasruddin (Nescradin), officer in the Mongol Service, ii. 101, 104n, 111n, 114n

Nassir-uddin, Mahmud, Sultan of Delhi, 12

Natigay, Tartar idol, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479

Nava-Khanda, or Nine Divisions of Ancient India, i. 104n

Navapa (Lop?), i. 197n

Naversa (ancient Anazarbus), in Cilicia, under Taurus, i. 58n

Nayan, Kúblái’s kinsman, his revolt, i. 333, 334n;

Kúblái marches against, 335;

routed in battle, 337;

put to death by Kúblái, 343

Nearchus at Hormuz, i. 114n

Nebila and Mangla islands, ii. 405n

Nebuchadnezzar, i. 52n

Necklaces, precious, ii. 338, 346n

Necuveran, see Nicobar

Negapatam, Chinese Pagoda at, ii. 336n

Negroes described, ii. 422

Negropont, i. 18, 19n, 36

Nellore, ii. 333n

Nemej, Niemicz (“Dumb”), applied to Germans by Slavs, ii. 493n

Nerghi, Plain of, ii. 499

Neri (pigs), ii. 210n

Nescradin, see Nasruddin

Nesnás (a goblin), i. 202n

Nestorian Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n;

Tauris, 75, 77n;

Kashgar, 182;

Samarkand, 182, 186n;

Yarkand, 187;

Tangut, 203, 207n;

Kamul, 211n;

Chingintalas, 212;

Sukchur, 217;

Kampichu, Kan-chau, 219;

their diffusion in Asia, 237n;

among the Mongols, 241, 243n;

Erguiul and Sinju, 274;

Egrigaia, 281;

Tenduc, 284, 285, 287n;

China, 291n;

Yachi, or Yun-nan fu, ii. 66, 74n;

Cacanfu, 132;

Yang-chau, 154n;

one in Polo’s suite, 159;

churches at Chinghianfu, 177;

church at Kinsay, 192;

at St. Thomas, 358n;

Patriarch of, 377n, 407;

Metropolitan, 377n, 409n

Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, i. 61n

Nevergún Pass, i. 112n

New Year Festival at Kúblái’s Court, i. 390

Neza Tash Pass, i. 172n

Ngan-king (Nanghin), ii. 154, 157, 171n

Ngan-ning-ho River, ii. 69n

Ngantung, Mongol general, ii. 462n

Ngo-ning, or Ho-nhi, ii. 120n, 121n

Nia (ancient Ni-jang), in Khotan, i. 195n

Nias Island, ii. 298n

Nibong Palm, ii. 305n

Nicaea of Alexander, i. 105n

Nicholson, Edward B., ii. 604n

Nicobar (Necuveran) Islands, ii. 306, 307n, 315n;

etymology and people, 308n

Nicolas of Pistoia, ii. 356n

Nicolas, Christian name of Ahmad Sultan, ii. 468n

—— Friar, of Vicenza, i. 22

Nicolas IV., Pope, ii. 474n

Nieuhoff, ii. 139n, 141n

Nigudar (Nogodar), Mongol princes, i. 98, 102n

Nigudarian bands, i. 98, 102n, 121n, 164n

Nilawár (Nellore), ii. 333n

Nile, sources of, ii. 415n, 438, 439n

Nileshwaram, ii. 388n

Nímchah Musulmán, “Half-and-Halfs,” i. 155n

Nine, auspicious number among Tartars, i. 390, 392n

Nine Provinces (India), i. 104n;

(China), ii. 190, 199n

Ning-hsia, or hia (Egrigaia), i. 282n, ii. 23n

Ningpo, ii. 224n

Ning-yuan fu, ii. 69n, 70n

Niriz, steel mines of, i. 86n, 92n

Nirvana, figures of Buddha in, i. 221n

Nishapúr, i. 150n

Niuché (Yuché), Chinese name for the Churchés or race of Kin Empire, 12, i. 28n, 231n

Noah’s Ark in Armenia, i. 46, 49n

Nobles of Venice, 14;

Polo’s claim to be one, ib.

Nochdarizari, mountains north of Kabul, i. 102n

Nogai Khan, ii. 496;

his intrigues and wars, 496–497;

his history, 497n;

wars with Toctai, 498

Nogodar (Nigudar), King of the Caraonas, story of, i. 98

Nomad tribes of Persia, i. 87n

Nomogan (Numughan), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 460, 462n

None, Nona, Nuna, title given to younger brothers or subordinate princes, i. 171, 173n

North, regions of the Far, ii. 479

North Star, see Pole-Star

Note Book, Polo’s, ii. 193n

Novgorod, ii. 489n

Nubia, St. Thomas in, ii. 355;

alleged use of elephants in, 434n

Nukdaris, tribe west of Kabul, i. 102n

Nuksán Pass, i. 165n

Numbers, mystic or auspicious, ii. 108n, 347n;

Nine, i. 390, 392n;

one hundred and eight, ii. 347n

Nuna, see None

Nusi-Ibrahim, ii. 414n

Nutmegs, ii. 272, 309n

Nyuché, or Churché, race of Kin Emperors, see Niuché

Oak of Hebron, see Terebinth

Oaracta (Kishm, or Brakht), i. 115n

Obedience of Ismaelites, extraordinary, i. 144n

Obi River, ii. 481n, 484n

Observatory at Peking, i. 378n, 449n

Ocean Sea, i. 107, 270, ii. 3, 22, 36, 56, 146, 153, 189, 237n, 251, 487;

other seas, parts of, 265

Ocoloro Island, ii. 406n

Odoric, Friar, 117, i. 49n, 59n, 76n, 81n, 89n, 110n, 117n, 202n, 288n, 314n, 370n, 375n, 384n, 385n, 426n, 437n, 441n, ii. 237n, 599n, 602n, 604n;

on Kinsay, 212n;

on Fuchau, 232n;

Zayton, 237n;

Java, 263n, 275n;

Champa, 271n;

Sumatra, 294n, 297n;

on sago tree, 304n;

on products of Ceylon, 315n;

St. Thomas’s, 358n;

Pepper Forest, 377n;

brazil-wood, 380n;

Thána, 396n

Oger, the Dane, i. 131n

Ogotai Khan, see Okkodai

Oil from the Holy Sepulchre, i. 14, 19, 26;

fountain of (Naphtha) at Baku, 46, 49n;

whale, 108, 117n

—— head (Capidoglio, or Sperm whale), ii. 411, 414n

—— walnut and Sesamé, i. 158, 162n

Oirad, or Uirad (Horiad), a great Tartar tribe, i. 300, 308n

Okkodai Khan, third son of Chinghiz, 10, i. 65n, 206n, 227n, 228n, 236n, 247n, 437n

Olak, Illuk, Aulak, see Lac

Old Man of the Mountain (Aloadin), 124, 127, i. 139–146;

his envoys to St. Lewis, 47n;

account of, 139;

how he trained his Assassins, 142;

the Syrian, 144;

his subordinate chiefs, 143, 145n;

his end, 145;

modern representative, 147n

Oljaitu Khan, his correspondence with European princes, i. 14n, 36n, 362n;

his tomb, ii. 478n

Oman, ii. 348n, 452n

Omens, much regarded in Maabar, ii. 344, 351n;

by the Brahmans, 364, 368n, 369n

Onan Kerule, near Baikal, i. 236n

Ondanique (fine kind of steel), Andaine, Andanicum, Hundwáníy, i. 90, 93n, 125n;

in Kerman, 90;

Chingintalas, 212, 215n

Oppert, Dr. Gustavus, Book on Prester John, Der Presbyter Johannes in Sage and Geschichte, i. 231n–233n, 235n, 236n, 245n, 288n

Orang Gugu, ii. 301n

Orang Malayu River, ii. 281n

Or Batuz, i. 388n

Orbelian, John, identified by Bruun with Prester John, i. 233n–235n

Ordos, the Mongols of, i. 249n

Organa (Jerún), Persian Gerún, i. 115n

Oriental phrases in Polo’s dictation, 84

Orissa, ii. 426n

Orkhon River, i. 227n

Orléans, defence of, ii. 165n

—— Isle d’, 277n

Orloks, or Marshals of the Mongol Host, i. 263, ii. 462n

Oroech, ii. 487, 489n

Oron, Mongol for a region or realm, i. 104n

Orphani, strange customs of the, ii. 298n

Osci, the word, ii. 350n

Ostriches, ii. 431, 437n

Ostyaks, ii. 484n

Otto, Bishop of Freisingen, i. 233n, 234n

Oulatay (Uladai), Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n

Ovis Poli, see Sheep

Oweke, see Ucaca

Owen, Professor, ii. 417n

Owen, Rev. Gray, on the Lolos, ii. 69n

Owo, Mongol for Musk, i. 279n

Oxen, humped, in Kerman, i. 97, 99n;

wild, shaggy (Yaks), 274, 277n

—— wild (Beyamini), in East Tibet, ii. 50;

Burma, 111, 114n;

in Bengal, 115, 116n;

Anin, 119;

worshipped, 341, 365, 370n;

figures of, worn, 365, 370n

Oxenham, Atlas, i. 433n, ii. 12n, 14n, 67n, 157n

Oxydracae, the, i. 93n

Oxyrhynchus, ii. 434n

Oxus Valley and River, i. 152n, 161n, 172n, 173n, ii. 594n

Ozene, ii. 397n

Pacamuria (Baccanor), ii. 386n

Pacauta! (an invocation), ii. 338, 346n

Pacem, see Pasei

Paddle-wheel barges, ii. 211n

Paderin, Mr., visits Karákorum, i. 228n

Pádishah Khátún of Kerman, i. 91n

Padma Sambhava, i. 164n

Pagán (in Burma), ii. 100n, 107n, 109n, 113n, 114n;

ruins at, 13;

empire of, ii. 279n

—— Old (Tagaung), ii. 107n, 113n

Pagaroyang, inscriptions from, ii. 286n

Paggi Islands, ii. 298n

Pagodas, Burmese, ii. 110, 114n;

alleged Chinese in India, 336n–337n, 391n

Pahang, ii. 279n

Paï, or Peyih tribe, ii. 60n, 120n

Paipurth (Baiburt), i. 46, 49n

Pai-yen-ching, ii. 58n

Paizah, or Golden Tablet of Honour, i. 352n, 353n

—— and Yarligh, i. 322n, 352n

Pakwiha, China ware, ii. 243n

Pala, a bird, ii. 351n

Palace of Khan at Chagannor, i. 296;

at Chandu (Shangtu), 298;

of cane, 299;

at Langtin, 306;

Cambaluc, 362;

on Green Mount, 370;

at Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 29n;

of the Empire of Manzi at Kinsay, 191, 192, 206, 212n;

in Chipangu, paved and roofed with gold, 253, 256n, 275n

Palembang, ii. 281n, 283n

Paliolle, Or de, for gold dust, ii. 52n

Palladius, the Archimandrite, i. 187n, 198n, 215n, 225n, 227n, 248n, 251n, 256n, 270n, 276n, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 291n, 304n, 306n, 308n, 310n, 319n, 327n, 334n, 336n, 344n–347n, 358n, 389n, 397n, 402n, 407n, 408n, 430n, 456n, 461n, ii. 178n

Palm (Measure), ii. 592n

Palm Wine, see Wine of Palm

Pamier (Pamir), Plain of, i. 171;

its wild sheep, 171, 176n;

great height, 174n;

pasture, etc., 174n, 175n;

described by Hiuen Tsang, Wood, Goës, Abdul Mejid, Colonel Gordon and others, 174n–176n;

Dr. M. A. Stein on, ii. 593n–594n;

Lord Curzon on number of, 594n

Pan-Asiatic usages, i. 324n, 326n, ii. 359n

Pandarani, or Fandaraina, ii. 386n, 391n

Pandit Manphul, i. 162n, 163n, 173n, 154n–156n, 160n, 161n, 422n, 438n

Pandrethan in Kashmir, Buddhist temple at, i. 167

Pandyan kings, ii. 333n–335n, 373n–374n

Panja River, or Upper Oxus, i. 170, 172n–174n

Panjáb, i. 104n

Panjkora, i. 104n

Panjshir, i. 162n, 165n, ii. 488n

Pantaleon, coins of, i. 163n

Panthé, or Mahomedan Kingdom in

Yun-nan, ii. 80n

Panya (or Pengya), in Burma, ii. 113n

Pao-ki h’ien, ii. 32n, 34n

Paonano Pao, i. 173n, ii. 593n

Papé, Papesifu, ii. 117n, 128n

Paper-money (Chao), Kúblái’s made from bark, i. 423–425, 426n–430n;

modern, 428n.

(See also Currency.)

Papien River, ii. 128n

Paquier, Professor, i. 172n, 183n

Paradise, Apples of, i. 97, 99n

—— in legend of the Cross, 136n

—— of Persia, 114n

—— of the Old Man of the Mountain, i. 140, 142;

destroyed, 145

—— Rivers of, 9n

Parákráma Bahu I., ii. 334n

Paramisura, founder of Malacca, ii. 282n

Parapomisadae, ii. 402n

Parasol, i. 354n

Paravas, ii. 372n

Parez, Pariz, turquoise mines of, i. 92n

—— falcons of, 96n

Pariahs (Paraiyar), ii. 228n;

etymology of, ii. 349n

Parker, E. H., i. 263n, 291n, 312n, 345n, 360n, 381n, 433n, ii. 60n, 74n, 88n, 104n, 148n, 151n, 169n, 207n;

on Pasei, 296n

Parlák, or Perlak, see Ferlec

—— Tanjong, ii. 287n

Parliament, Tartar, ii. 495

Parpa iron mines, i. 93n

Parrot, Professor, first to ascend Mount Ararat, i. 49n

Parrots, ii. 376, 431

Partridges, i. 88;

black, 99n;

Jirufti, 111n;

great (Chakors), 296, 297n;

in mew, 298n.

(See also Francolin.)

Parwana, a traitor eaten by the Tartars, i. 312n

Paryán silver mines, i. 162n

Pascal of Vittoria, Friar, i. 9n

Pasei, Pacem (Basma), a kingdom of Sumatra, ii. 284–285, 288n–289n, 292, 296n, 305n

—— Bay of, 296n

—— History of, 288n–289n

Pasha-Afroz, i. 165n

Pasha and Pashagar tribes, i. 165n

Pashai, i. 164;

what region intended, 164, 165n

—— Dir, i. 98, 104n

Passo (or Pace), Venetian, ii. 280, 281n, 592n

Patarins, heretics, 108, i. 303, 321n, ii. 342n

Patera, debased Greek, from Badakhshán, i. 159, 160n

Patlam, ii. 337n

Patra, or Alms-dish of Buddha, ii. 320, 328n;

miraculous properties, 330n;

Holy Grail of Buddhism, 330n

Patriarchs of Eastern Christians, i. 60, 61n, ii, 407, 409n.

(See also Catholicos and Nestorian.)

Patteik-Kará, ii. 99n, 100n

Patterns, beast and bird, on silk, etc., i. 66n, 90, 95, 96n, 398n, ii. 424n

Patu, see Batu

Paukin (Pao-ying), ii. 152

Pauthier, G., remarks on text of Polo, 92 seqq., et passim

Paved roads in China, ii. 189, 198n

—— streets of Kinsay, ii. 189

Payan, see Bayan

Payangadi, ii. 387n

Pa-yi writing, specimen of, ii. 65n

Peaches, yellow and white (apricots), ii. 202, 210

Peacocks at St. Thomas’s, ii. 355;

special kind in Coilum, ii. 376

Pearls, i. 60, 107, 350, 387, 390, 394, 424, ii. 338, 373n;

in Caindu, 53, 56n, 231, 235;

rose-coloured in Chipangu, 254, 257n;

fishery of, 331, 332, 337n, 344, 372n;

pearls and precious stones of kingdom of Maabar, 338, 364, 368n

Pears, enormous, ii. 202, 210n

Pedir, ii. 289n

Pedro, Prince of Portugal, 110, 135

Pegu and Bengal confounded, ii. 99n, 115n, 128n

Pei-chau (Piju), ii. 141

Pein (Pim), province, i. 191, 192n;

site of, ii. 595n

Peking, white pagoda at, ii. 347n.

(See Cambaluc.)

Pelly, Col. Sir Lewis, British Resident at Bushire, i. 85n, 86n, 110n, 114n, 117n

Pema-ching, ii. 35n

Pemberton, Captain R., ii. 79n

Pentam (Bintang), ii. 280n, 284

Pepper, daily consumption of, at Kinsay, ii. 204;

change in Chinese use of, 210n;

great importation at Zayton, duty on, 235, 242n;

white and black, 264, 272;

in Coilum, 375;

Eli and Cananore, 385, 388n;

Melibar, 389;

Guzerat, 393, 394n;

trade in, to Alexandria, 235, 389, 438

Pepper Country, ii. 377n

Peregrine falcons, i. 269, ii. 487

Perla (Ferlec), ii. 287n

Persia, extent of name to Bokhara, i. 10n;

spoken of, 75, 78;

three Magi of 78;

its eight kingdoms, 83

Persia and India, boundary of, ii. 402n

Persian applied to language of foreigners at Mongol Court, i. 380n, ii. 5n

Persian Gulf (Sea of India?), i. 63, 64n

Pesháwar, ii. 330n

Peter, Tartar slave of Marco Polo’s, 72

Pharaoh’s rats (Gerboa), i. 252, 254n, ii. 480, 517n

Phayre, Major-General Sir Arthur, ii. 100n, 105n, 113n, 114n

Pheasants, large and long tailed, i. 275, ii. 22, 153;

Reeves’s, i. 280n

Pheng (the Rukh), ii. 421n

Philip the Fair, i. 14n, 87n

Philip III. and IV. of France, i. 87n

Philippine Islands, ii. 265n, 266n

Phillips, G., ii. 220n–222n, 224n, 228n, 230n, 232n, 233n, 238n, 239n, 240n–241n, 278n, 279n, 296n, 297n, 308n, 314n, 315n, 596n

Phipps, Captain, ii. 373n

Phra Râma, Siamese kings so-called, ii. 278n

Phungan, Phungan-lu (Fungul?), 127n, 129n

Physician, a virtuous, i. 461n

Physicians, ii. 203, 376

Pianfu (P’ing-yang fu), ii. 13, 16n, 25n

Piccoli, ii. 66, 74n

Pichalok, ii. 279n

Pievtsov, General, i. 188n;

expedition, 200n

Pigeon posts, i. 438n

Pig-shells, ii. 85

Piju (Pei-chau), ii. 141

Pilgrimage, to Adam’s Sepulchre in Ceylon, ii. 319;

to Shrine of St. Thomas, 353

“Pillar Road,” ii. 32n

Pima (Pim), i. 191, 192n

Pinati, king of Kaulam, ii. 380n

Pine woods in Mongolian desert, i. 224

—— in South China, ii. 251n

P’ing-chang, Fanchán, or second class Minister, i. 432n

P’ing-yang fu (Pianfu), ii. 13, 16n, 25n

Pinna-Cael (Punnei-Káyal), ii. 372n

Pipino, Friar Francesco, 66, 81, 95, 103, i. 19n, 22n, 23n, 144n, 156n, 395n, ii. 120n, 517n

Pirabandi or Bir Pandi (Vira Pandi), ii. 333n–335n

Pirada, ii. 305n

Pirates of Malabar, ii. 389–390n;

Guzerat 392;

Tana, 395;

Somnath, 400n;

Socotra, 407, 410n

Piratical customs at Eli, ii. 385, 390n

Pistachioes, i. 97, 114n, 125n, 153, 155n

Plane, Oriental or Chínár, i. 127, 128n, 131n, 135n, 138n

Plano Carpini, 15, passim

Pog, or Fiag River, i. 54n

Poison, antidote to, ii. 79

Poisoning guests, custom of, ii. 84n

Poisonous pasturage, i. 217, 218n

Poison wind, i. 108, 120n

Poland, Mongol invasion of, ii. 493n

Pole, or Jackdaw on Polo’s scutcheon, 7

Pole-star, invisible in Java the Less, ii. 284, 292;

visible again in India, 382, 389, 392, 397

Police, of Cambaluc, i. 414;

Kinsay, 187, 188

Politeness of Chinese, i. 457, 462n

Polo, Andrea, grandfather of Marco, 8, 14, 26

—— Antonio, illegitimate son of Elder Marco, 26

—— Bellela, second daughter, 69, 71;