SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK

The names of extinct groups are printed in italics.

PROTOZOA (pp. 1, 48).

SARCODINA (p. 51) Rhizopoda (p. 51) Lobosa (p. 51). Filosa (p. 52).

Foraminifera (p. 58) Allogromidiaceae (p. 58). Astrorhizidaceae (p. 59). Lituolidaceae (p. 59). Miliolidaceae (p. 59). Textulariaceae (p. 59). Cheilostomellaceae (p. 59). Lagenaceae (p. 59). Globigerinidae (p. 59). Rotaliaceae (p. 59). Nummulitaceae (p. 59).

Heliozoa (p. 70) Aphrothoraca (p. 70). Chlamydophora (p. 71). Chalarothoraca (p. 71). Desmothoraca (p. 71).

Radiolaria (p. 75) Porulosa = Holotrypasta (p. 76) Spumellaria = Peripylaea (pp. 76, 77) Collodaria (p. 77) Colloidea (p. 77). Beloidea (p. 77).

Sphaerellaria (p. 77) Sphaeroidea (p. 77). Prunoidea (p. 77). Discoidea (p. 77). Larcoidea (p. 77).

Acantharia = Actipylaea (pp. 76, 78) Actinelida (p. 78). Acanthonida (p. 78). Sphaerophracta (p. 78). Prunophracta (p. 78).

Osculosa = Monotrypasta (p. 76) Nassellaria = Monopylaea (pp. 76, 78) Nassoidea (p. 78). Plectoidea (p. 78). Stephoidea (p. 78). Spyroidea (p. 78). Botryoidea (p. 79). Cyrtoidea (p. 79).

Phaeodaria = Cannopylaea = Tripylaea (pp. 76, 79) Phaeocystina (p. 79). Phaeosphaeria (p. 79). Phaeogromia (p. 79). Phaeoconchia (p. 79).

Proteomyxa (p. 88) Myxoidea (p. 89) Zoosporeae (p. 89). Azoosporeae (p. 89).

Catallacta (p. 89).

Mycetozoa (p. 90) Acrasieae (p. 90). Filoplasmodieae (p. 90). Myxomycetes (pp. 90, 91).

SPOROZOA (p. 94) Telosporidia (p. 97) Gregarinidaceae (pp. 97, 98) Schizogregarinidae (p. 97). Acephalinidae (p. 97). Dicystidae (p. 97).

Coccidiaceae (pp. 97, 99) Coccidiidae (pp. 97, 99). Haemosporidae (pp. 97, 102). Acystosporidae (pp. 97, 102).

Neosporidia (p. 97) Myxosporidiaceae (pp. 98, 106). Actinomyxidiaceae (p. 98). Sarcosporidiaceae (pp. 98, 108).

FLAGELLATA (p. 109) Pantostomata (p. 109).

Protomastigaceae (p. 110) Distomatidae (p. 110). Oikomonadidae (p. 111). Bicoecidae (p. 111). Craspedomonadidae (pp. 111, 121). Phalansteridae (p. 111). Monadidae (p. 111). Bodonidae (p. 111). Amphimonadidae (p. 111). Trimastigidae (p. 111). Polymastigidae (p. 111). Trichonymphidae (pp. 111, 123). Opalinidae (pp. 111, 123).

Chrysomonadaceae (pp. 110, 125) Coccolithophoridae (p. 114).

Cryptomonadaceae (p. 110).

Volvocaceae (pp. 110, 111) Chlamydomonadidae (pp. 111, 125). Volvocidae (pp. 111, 126).

Chloromonadaceae (p. 110). Euglenaceae (pp. 110, 124). Silicoflagellata (pp. 110, 114). Cystoflagellata (pp. 110, 132). Dinoflagellata (pp. 110, 130).

INFUSORIA (p. 136) Ciliata (p. 137) Gymnostomaceae (pp. 137, 152). Aspirotrichaceae (pp. 137, 153). Heterotrichaceae (pp. 137, 153). Oligotrichaceae (pp. 137, 155). Hypotrichaceae (pp. 137, 138). Peritrichaceae (pp. 138, 155).

Suctoria = Tentaculifera (p. 158).

PORIFERA (p. 163).

Class. Sub-Class. Order. Family. Sub-Family.

MEGAMASTICTORA (pp. 183, 184) Calcarea (p. 184) Homocoela (p. 185) Leucosoleniidae (p. 185). Clathrinidae (p. 185).

Heterocoela (p. 187) Sycettidae (p. 187). Grantiidae (p. 192). Heteropidae (p. 192). Amphoriscidae (p. 192).

Pharetronidae (p. 192) Dialytinae (p. 192). Lithoninae (p. 193).

Astroscleridae (p. 194).

MICROMASTICTORA (pp. 183, 195) Myxospongiae (p. 196).

Hexactinellida (p. 197) Amphidiscophora (p. 203). Hexasterophora (p. 203).

Receptaculitidae (p. 207).

Octactinellida (p. 208). Heteractinellida (p. 208).

Demospongiae (p. 209) Tetractinellida (pp. 211, 212) Choristida (p. 212). Lithistida (pp. 212, 215).

Monaxonida (pp. 211, 216) Halichondrina (p. 217). Spintharophora (p. 217).

Ceratosa (pp. 211, 220) Dictyoceratina (p. 220) Spongidae (p. 220). Spongelidae (p. 220).

Dendroceratina (pp. 220, 221).

COELENTERATA (p. 243).

Class. Order. Sub-Order. Family. Sub-Family.

HYDROZOA (p. 249) Eleutheroblastea (p. 253). Milleporina (p. 257).

Gymnoblastea (Anthomedusae) (p. 262) Bougainvilliidae (p. 269). Podocorynidae (p. 270). Clavatellidae (p. 270). Cladonemidae (p. 270). Tubulariidae (p. 271). Ceratellidae (p. 271). Pennariidae (p. 272). Corynidae (p. 272). Clavidae (p. 272). Tiaridae (p. 273). Corymorphidae (p. 273). Hydrolaridae (p. 273). Monobrachiidae (p. 274). Myriothelidae (p. 274). Pelagohydridae (p. 274).

Calyptoblastea (Leptomedusae) (p. 275) Aequoreidae (p. 278). Thaumantiidae (p. 278). Cannotidae (p. 278). Sertulariidae (p. 278).

Plumulariidae (p. 279) Eleutheroplea (p. 279). Statoplea (p. 279).

Hydroceratinidae (p. 279). Campanulariidae (p. 280). Eucopidae (p. 280). Dendrograptidae (p. 281).

Graptolitoidea (p. 281) Monoprionidae (p. 282). Diprionidae (p. 282). Retiolitidae (p. 282).

Stromatoporidae (p. 283).

Stylasterina (p. 283) Stylasteridae (p. 285).

Trachomedusae (p. 288) Olindiidae (p. 291). Petasidae (p. 294). Trachynemidae (p. 294). Pectyllidae (p. 294). Aglauridae (p. 294). Geryoniidae (p. 295).

Narcomedusae (p. 295) Cunanthidae (p. 296). Peganthidae (p. 296). Aeginidae (p. 296). Solmaridae (p. 296).

Siphonophora (p. 297) Calycophorae (p. 305) Monophyidae (p. 306) Sphaeronectinae (p. 306). Cymbonectinae (p. 306).

Diphyidae (p. 306) Amphicaryoninae (p. 306) Prayinae (p. 306) Desmophyinae (p. 307) Stephanophyinae (p. 307) Oppositae (p. 306)

Galeolarinae (p. 307) Diphyopsinae (p. 307) Abylinae (p. 307) Superpositae (p. 307)

Polyphyidae (p. 307).

Physophorae (p. 307) Physonectidae (p. 307) Agalminae (p. 307). Apoleminae (p. 307). Physophorinae (p. 308).

Auronectidae (p. 308). Rhizophysaliidae (p. 308). Chondrophoridae (p. 308).

SCYPHOZOA = SCYPHOMEDUSAE (pp. 249, 310) Cubomedusae (p. 318) Charybdeidae (p. 318). Chirodropidae (p. 319). Tripedaliidae (p. 319).

Stauromedusae (p. 320) Lucernariidae (p. 320). Depastridae (p. 321). Stenoscyphidae (p. 321).

Coronata (p. 321) Periphyllidae (p. 322). Ephyropsidae (p. 322). Atollidae (p. 322).

Discophora (p. 323) Semaeostomata (p. 323) Pelagiidae (p. 323). Cyanaeidae (p. 324). Ulmaridae (p. 324).

Rhizostomata (p. 324) Cassiopeidae (p. 324) = Arcadomyaria (p. 324).

Cepheidae (p. 324) = Radiomyaria (p. 324).

Rhizostomatidae (p. 325) Lychnorhizidae (p. 325) Leptobrachiidae (p. 325) Catostylidae (p. 325) = Cyclomyaria (p. 325).

Class. Sub-Class. Grade. Order. Sub-Order. Family.

ANTHOZOA = ACTINOZOA (pp. 249, 326) Alcyonaria (p. 329) Protoalcyonacea (p. 342) Haimeidae (p. 342).

Synalcyonacea (p. 342) Stolonifera (p. 342) Cornulariidae (p. 344). Clavulariidae (p. 344). Tubiporidae (p. 344). Favositidae (p. 344).

Coenothecalia (p. 344) Heliolitidae (p. 346). Helioporidae (p. 346). Coccoseridae (p. 346). Thecidae (p. 346). Chaetetidae (p. 346).

Alcyonacea (p. 346) Xeniidae (p. 348). Telestidae (p. 348). Coelogorgiidae (p. 349). Alcyoniidae (p. 349). Nephthyidae (p. 349). Siphonogorgiidae (p. 349).

Gorgonacea (p. 350) Pseudaxonia (p. 350) Briareidae (p. 350). Sclerogorgiidae (p. 351). Melitodidae (p. 351). Coralliidae (p. 352).

Axifera (p. 353) Isidae (p. 353). Primnoidae (p. 354). Chrysogorgiidae (p. 355). Muriceidae (p. 355). Plexauridae (p. 356). Gorgoniidae (p. 356). Gorgonellidae (p. 357).

Pennatulacea (p. 358) Pennatuleae (p. 361) Pteroeididae (p. 361). Pennatulidae (p. 361). Virgulariidae (p. 362).

Spicatae (p. 362) Funiculinidae (p. 362). Anthoptilidae (p. 362). Kophobelemnonidae (p. 362). Umbellulidae (p. 362).

Verticilladeae (p. 363)

Renilleae (p. 363) Renillidae (p. 363).

Veretilleae (p. 364)

Zoantharia (pp. 329, 365) Edwardsiidea (p. 375) Edwardsiidae (p. 377). Protantheidae (p. 377).

Actiniaria (p. 377) Actiniina (p. 380) Halcampidae (p. 380). Actiniidae (p. 381). Sagartiidae (p. 381). Aliciidae (p. 382). Phyllactidae (p. 382). Bunodidae (p. 382). Minyadidae (p. 383).

Stichodactylina (p. 383) Corallimorphidae (p. 383). Discosomatidae (p. 383). Rhodactidae (p. 383). Thalassianthidae (p. 383).

Madreporaria (p. 384) Cyathophyllidae (p. 394). Cyathaxoniidae (p. 394). Cystiphyllidae (p. 394).

Entocnemaria (p. 394) Madreporidae (p. 395). Poritidae (p. 396).

Cyclocnemaria (p. 397) Aporosa (p. 397). Turbinoliidae (p. 398) Oculinidae (p. 399) Astraeidae (p. 399) A. Gemmantes (p. 400) A. Fissiparantes (p. 400) Trochosmiliacea [Sub-Fam.] (p. 401) Pocilloporidae (p. 401)

Fungacea (p. 402). Plesiofungiidae (p. 403) Fungiidae (p. 403) Cycloseridae (p. 404) Plesioporitidae (p. 404) Eupsammiidae (p. 404)

Zoanthidea (p. 404) Zoanthidae (p. 404). Zaphrentidae (p. 406).

Antipathidea = Antipatharia (p. 407) Antipathidae (p. 408). Leiopathidae (p. 409). Dendrobrachiidae (p. 409).

Cerianthidea (p. 409).

CTENOPHORA (p. 412).

Class. Order. Family.

TENTACULATA (p. 417) Cydippidea (p. 417) Mertensiidae (p. 417). Callianiridae (p. 417). Pleurobrachiidae (p. 418).

Lobata (p. 418) Lesueuriidae (p. 419). Bolinidae (p. 419). Deiopeidae (p. 419). Eurhamphaeidae (p. 419). Eucharidae (p. 420). Mnemiidae (p. 420). Calymmidae (p. 420). Ocyroidae (p. 420).

Cestoidea (p. 420) Cestidae (p. 420).

Platyctenea (p. 421) Ctenoplanidae (p. 421). Coeloplanidae (p. 422).

NUDA (p. 423) Beroidae (p. 423).

ECHINODERMATA (p. 425).

Sub-Phylum. Class. Order. Sub-Order. Family. Sub-Family.

ELEUTHEROZOA (p. 430) Asteroidea (pp. 430, 431) Spinulosa (pp. 461, 462) Echinasteridae (p. 462). Solasteridae (p. 462). Asterinidae (p. 463). Poraniidae (p. 464). Ganeriidae (p. 464). Mithrodiidae (p. 464).

Velata (pp. 461, 464) Pythonasteridae (p. 464). Myxasteridae (p. 464). Pterasteridae (p. 466).

Paxillosa (pp. 461, 466) Archasteridae (p. 466). Astropectinidae (p. 467). Porcellanasteridae (p. 470).

Valvata (pp. 461, 471) Linckiidae (p. 471). Pentagonasteridae (p. 471). Gymnasteridae (p. 471). Antheneidae (p. 471). Pentacerotidae (p. 471).

Forcipulata (pp. 462, 473) Asteriidae (p. 473). Heliasteridae (p. 474). Zoroasteridae (p. 474). Stichasteridae (p. 474). Pedicellasteridae (p. 474). Brisingidae (p. 474).

Ophiuroidea (pp. 431, 477) Streptophiurae (p. 494)

Zygophiurae (pp. 494, 495) Ophiolepididae (p. 495). Amphiuridae (p. 497). Ophiocomidae (p. 499). Ophiothricidae (p. 499).

Cladophiurae (pp. 494, 500) Astroschemidae (p. 501). Trichasteridae (p. 501). Euryalidae (p. 501).

Echinoidea (pp. 431, 503) Endocyclica (pp. 529, 530) Cidaridae (p. 533). Echinothuriidae (p. 535). Saleniidae (p. 537). Arbaciidae (p. 538). Diadematidae (p. 538).

Echinidae (p. 539) Temnopleurinae (p. 539). Echininae (p. 539).

Clypeastroidea (pp. 529, 542) Protoclypeastroidea (p. 548).

Euclypeastroidea (p. 549) Fibularidae (p. 549). Echinanthidae = Clypeastridae (p. 549). Laganidae (p. 549). Scutellidae (p. 549).

Spatangoidea (pp. 529, 549) Echinonidae (p. 553) Nucleolidae (p. 554) Cassidulidae (p. 554) Asternata (p. 554).

Ananchytidae (p. 554) Palaeostomatidae (p. 554) Spatangidae (p. 554) Brissidae (p. 556) Sternata (p. 554).

Archaeocidaridae (p. 557). Melonitidae (p. 557). Tiarechinidae (p. 557). Holectypoidea (p. 558). Echinoconidae (p. 558). Collyritidae (p. 559).

Holothuroidea (pp. 431, 560) Aspidochirota (p. 570). Elasipoda (p. 571). Pelagothuriida (p. 572). Dendrochirota (p. 572). Molpadiida (p. 575). Synaptida (p. 575).

PELMATOZOA (pp. 430, 579) Crinoidea (p. 580) Hyocrinidae (p. 590). Rhizocrinidae (p. 590). Pentacrinidae (p. 591). Holopodidae (p. 592). Comatulidae (p. 594).

Inadunata (p. 595). Articulata (p. 595). Camerata (p. 595).

Thecoidea = Edrioasteroidea (pp. 580, 596). Carpoidea (pp. 580, 596). Cystoidea (pp. 580, 597). Blastoidea (pp. 580, 599).