Part 15 — INDEX (continued 3)

J

Jablonitza, captured by Russians, Aug. 15, '16, i: 386.

Jacob Jones, U. S. destroyer, sunk by U-boat, Dec. 6, '17, i: 393; report of Lieut.-Com. Bagley, iv: 346-349.

Jador, battle of, Austrians driven from Serbia, '14, ii: 32, iii: 152.

Jaffa, captured by British, iii: 194.

Jagow, Gottlieb von, German Foreign Secretary, ix: 127-128.

Jametz, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.

Japan, abrogates extraterritorial rights, i: 18; acquires Formosa, 1894, i: 20; acquires Port Arthur and Korea in Russo-Japanese War, i: 20; rise as world power, '05, i: 20; adopts "open door" policy, 1854, i: 38; Root-Takahira agreement on "open door" in China, '08, i: 57; Lansing-Ishii Note recognizes special Japanese interest in China, '17, i: 58; international position in '14, i: 63; Anglo-Japanese Alliance, terms of, i: 104, 107; Ludendorff's comment on entry into War, ii: 357; siege and capture of Kiau-Chau (Tsing Tau), Aug. 23—Nov. 7, '14, iii: 257-259, iv: 367, vi: 382-383; total casualties, iii: 404; prisoners of war, iii: 404; naval strength, iv: 58; naval service to Allies, iv: 367; motive in siding with Allies, iv: 367, vi: 382; sends troops to Vladivostok against Soviet government, vi: 193; the "Yellow Peril," origin of phrase, vi: 248; ultimatum to Germany demanding surrender of Kiau-Chau, Aug. 17, '14, vi: 382; declares war on Germany, Aug. 23, '14, vi: 382; internal politics during War, vi: 384; forces China to accede to "Group Demands," '15, vi: 385; summary of concessions obtained under "Group Demands," vi: 385; ambition for domination in Far East, vi: 386; treaty with Russia, '16, vi: 386; imperialists advocate intervention in Siberia, '17, vi: 386; Terauchi Cabinet opposed by liberals, vi: 386-388; Kei Hara succeeds Terauchi as Premier, '18, vi: 388; opposition by conservatives to Hara government, vi: 388; separatist movement in Korea, vi: 388; money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25; coal production, '13—'16, xii: 48; delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 180; Shantung (Kiau-Chau) transferred to, by Peace Treaty, xii: 209; ratifies Peace Treaty, Oct. 27, '19, xii: 264; see also Kiau-Chau; Shantung.

Jaroslav, fortress on San, captured by Russians, Sept. 21, '14, i: 376, iii: 123; retaken by Germans, May 17, '15, iii: 136.

Jassy, Rumanian government moved to, Nov. 28, '16, i: 389.

Jastrow, Prof. Morris, Jr., discussion of Bagdad Railway problem, ii: 290-297.

Jaulgonne, location, v: 133; captured by 3rd Div., July, '18, v: 383.

Jauréguiberry, French battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Jaurès, Jean, French anti-militarist, assassinated, vi: 95.

Jebel Shammar, Emirate of, established, '18, xii: 279.

Jellicoe, Adm. Sir John, appointed Commander-in-Chief of British Grand Fleet, Aug. 4, '14, iv: 88; analysis of British and German fleets at start of War, iv: 93-97; biography, ix: 275-282; bibliography, ix: 282.

Jericho, captured by British, Feb. 22, '18, i: 393, ii: 196.

Jerusalem, captured by Gen. Allenby, Dec. 11, '17, ii: 92, iii: 196, 322-326; Allenby's proclamation to people of, iii: 325; work of Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 323.

Jeszcze Polska, Polish national anthem, xi: 331.

Jews, distress in war areas, vii: 349; number in Russian Poland, vii: 349, 358, 361, 376; number in Galicia, vii: 349, 376; number in Germany, vii: 349; number in Turkey, vii: 349, 376; outside of Palestine, vii: 368; number in Palestine, vii: 349, 366, 376; number in Serbia, vii: 349, 369, 376; American aid for needy in Palestine, vii: 350, 358, 365-368; American aid for needy in Belgium, vii: 350; organization of war relief agencies in U. S., vii: 351-354; American Jewish Relief Committee formed, vii: 354; funds raised in U. S. for overseas war relief, '16—'17, vii: 355-356; American relief for destitute in Russian Poland, vii: 356-358, 360-363; refugees in interior of Russia, relief activities for, vii: 356, 363-365; conditions in Galicia, vii: 358; number dependent on war relief, by countries, vii: 358, 361, 362, 363, 366, 367, 369, 376; work of relief commission sent to Europe from U. S., vii: 359-360; American relief for needy in Constantinople, vii: 368; contributions to destitute in Serbia and Greece, vii: 368; aid for war refugees in Spain, vii: 369; relief funds raised in U. S. during '18, vii: 370-374; reports, on after-War distress in Europe, vii: 375-376; extent of relief work in Vilna, vii: 375; number in Lithuania, vii: 376; number in Baltic Provinces, vii: 376; number in Russia, vii: 376; number in Serbia, vii: 376; number in Rumania, vii: 376; number in Bulgaria, vii: 376; number in Greece, vii: 376; number in Hungary, vii: 376; number in Persia, vii: 376.

Jihad, see Holy War.

Joffre, Marshal Josef Jacques César, fights first battle of the Marne, Sept., '14, ii: 9, 182, iii: 30; controversy with Viscount French on importance of Channel ports, ii: 172; General Joffre and His Battles, book by Raymond Recouly, summary of, ii: 182-189; appointed Commander-in-Chief of French armies, iii: 46; technical adviser to French War Council, iii: 62; biography, ix: 154-161; visit to U.S., ix: 161; bibliography, ix: 161; intimate anecdote of, ix: 269.

Johnston, Sgt. Harold I., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.

Johnston, Maj.-Gen. W. H., in command of 91st Div., Aug., '18, v: 196; at Marne-Aisne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 220.

Joint Distribution Committee, for Jewish war relief, formation of, vii: 354.

Jonc de Mer Ridge, Germans driven back at, by A. E. F., Oct. 18, '18, v: 296.

Jordan River, military operations along, iii: 197.

Joseph Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, commands Austrian forces to invade Poland, iii: 119.

Jugoslavs, in Austrian Army desert to Italians, '18, iii: 249; Austrian and Russian policies toward, vi: 306; attack Hungarian Republic, April—May, '19, vi: 326; racial groups among, with early history, vi: 354; Serbian ambition for unification, vi: 355, 363; clash with Austrian interests, vi: 355-359; meeting of Jugoslav representatives in Corfu plans for united nation, Aug.,'17, vi: 359; conflict with Italy over eastern Adriatic coast, vi: 359-363, 364-370; Hungarian government suppresses Jugoslav Congress at Agram, Mar., '18, vi: 363; establish united Provisional Government, Nov., '18, vi: 364; seize Austrian navy and merchant marine, Nov., '18, vi: 364; armed opposition to Italian advance in Carniola, Nov., '18, vi: 364; struggle with Italy for possession of Fiume and Dalmatia, vi: 365-370; establish united kingdom under Prince Alexander of Serbia, Dec. 21, '18, vi: 366; recognized by U. S., Feb. '19, vi: 366; President Wilson's note supporting Jugoslav claim for Fiume, vi: 369; claims for independence recognized by Austria-Hungary in agreeing to armistice, vi: 399; area and population of united kingdom, xii: 279; see also Serbia.

Junior American Red Cross, activities, xi: 90.

Justh, Julius, leader of Hungarian Independence Party, vi: 311.

Jutland, battle of, May 31, '16, description in full, with official reports, iv: 99-136; outline in brief, iv: 99-104; opposing commanders, iv: 99; British ships and men lost, iv: 100; German ships and men lost, iv: 100; moral victory for Germans, iv: 100; criticism of Jellicoe's tactics, iv: 101; greatest naval engagement in history, iv: 102; conditions influencing, iv: 102; strength and composition of fleets engaged, iv: 103-104, 112, 114, 119; disposition of British forces, iv: 104; first phase, iv: 106-113; Beatty's report on first phase, iv: 106-110; Jellicoe's account of first phase, iv: 108; accuracy of German fire, iv: 108; Indefatigable sunk, iv: 108; fight between destroyer flotillas, iv: 109; Queen Mary blown up, iv: 110; critical analysis of first phase, iv: 110-113; second phase, Beatty's report on, iv: 113-115; weather conditions, iv: 113; critical analysis of second phase, iv: 115; third phase, iv: 115-130; Jellicoe's account of third phase, iv: 117-120, 121-129; Third Battle Cruiser Squadron under Hood reinforces Beatty, iv: 117; British miscalculate position, iv: 117; Hood gets into action with enemy, iv: 119; Beatty's report on third phase, iv: 119, 120-121, 129; Invincible blows up, iv: 119; Adm. Hood lost with Invincible, iv: 119-120; Shark, Defence, and Black Prince sunk, iv: 121; low visibility, iv: 121-123; British alter course to avoid torpedo attack, iv: 125; German destroyers sunk, iv: 126; Germans retire under cover of smoke screen, iv: 126; Jellicoe pursues enemy, iv: 127; critical analysis of third phase, iv: 129; fourth phase, iv: 131-136; night fighting and torpedo attacks, iv: 131; Jellicoe abandons pursuit, iv: 133; critical analysis of fourth phase, iv: 133-136; effect of battle on military situation, iv: 135; lessons taught by, iv: 135; account and analysis of, by Arthur Pollen, iv: 144-156; authoritative information incomplete, iv: 146; British lose chance for decisive victory, iv: 152, 156; German eye-witness account, iv: 256; British eye-witness account, iv: 258.

Juvigny, captured by French and 32nd Div., A. E. F., Aug., '18, i: 397, v: 62, 258, 384; 32nd Div. casualties at, v: 259.

K

K-13, British submarine, account of sinking, and rescue of crew, x: 304-315.

"Kahkos," description, viii: 257.

Kaiser, see William II.

Kaiser Wilhelm Land, acquired by Australia, '18, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

Kakali, captured by Allies, Oct., '15, iii: 204.

Kale-I-Sultanie, fort on the Dardanelles, ii: 29.

Kaledin, Gen., commands Russian army at Rovno, iii: 142; leads Cossacks in Siberia, vi: 192.

Kambana, Bulgarian newspaper, statement against Russia, June, '15, vi: 342.

Kamerun, see Cameroons.

Kamio, Gen., Japanese commander at siege of Tsing Tau (Kiau-Chau), iii: 257.

Karaburnu, Greek fort occupied by Allies, iii: 206.

Karaurgan, Russians defeat Turks at, Jan. 16, '15, i: 378.

Karlsruhe, Allied air raid on, June 15, '15, i: 380.

Karlsruhe, German sea-raider, battle with British cruiser Bristol, Aug. 6, '14, iv: 63; career in Atlantic, iv: 196.

Karnes, Sgt. James E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 396.

Karolyi, Count Michael, pleads Hungary's cause in U. S., '14, vi: 307; leader of Hungarian Independence Party, vi: 311; forms "Independence and 1848" Party, '16, vi: 311; appointed Premier of Hungary, Nov., '18, vi: 323; resigns as Premier, Mar., '19, vi: 325; biography, ix: 144-147.

Kars, Russians defeat Turks at, Jan. 1, '15, iii: 260.

Katia, battle between Turks and British at, Apr., '16, iii: 191.

Katz, Sgt. Philip C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.

Kaufman, Sgt. Benjamin, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Kautsky, Herr, German Social-Democratic leader, opposes war, vi: Intro. xii.

Kavala, bombarded by British warships, Aug. 27, '16, i: 386; occupied by Bulgars, '16, iii: 207, vi: 344.

Kawachi, Japanese battleship blows up, July 12, '18, i: 397.

Keeling Island, destruction on, by landing party from Emden, Nov. 9, '14, iv: 184, 190.

Keep the Home Fires Burning, American soldiers' song, xi: 336.

Keep Your Head Down, Fritzie Boy, American soldiers' song, xi: 337.

Kei Hara, heads liberal Japanese Cabinet, vi: 388.

Keirsbilk, Alois Van, Belgian hero, executed for plotting death of Kaiser, x: 357-360.

Kellermann, Bernhard, German novelist, description of conditions at front, iii: 286.

Kelley, Col., British commander against Sudanese, iii: 191.

Kelly, Pvt. John Joseph, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.

Kem, captured by Anglo-American forces, July 15, '18, i: 397.

Kemmel, Mount, stormed and captured by Germans, Apr., '18, i: 395, iii: 91, 360; occupied by Anglo-American troops, Aug. 19, '18, i: 397; key-point in defense of Channel ports, iii: 381; 27th and 30th Divs. in sector, v: 286.

Kennedy, Maj.-Gen. C. W., commands 85th Div., Aug., '18, v: 197.

Kent, British cruiser, at battle of Falklands, armament, iv: 70; sinks Nürnberg, iv: 74.

Kerensky, Alexander Feodorovitch, speech in Duma predicting revolution, vi: 144; leader of Socialist-Revolutionary Party, vi: 148; pacifies revolting Petrograd troops, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 151; Minister of Justice in Prince Lvov's Cabinet, vi: 155; character sketch, vi: 155; abolishes death penalty, vi: 157; Minister of War in Lvov's coalition Cabinet, vi: 160; member of "Group of Toil," vi: 160; becomes Premier and dictator of Russia, vi: 165; struggle with Kornilov for supreme power, vi: 167-171; declares himself Commander-in-Chief, vi: 171; struggle with Soviets, vi: 175-179; overthrown by Bolsheviki, vi: 179-181; biography, ix: 104-109; bibliography, ix: 109.

Kermanshah, captured by Russians, Feb. 25, '16, i: 384.

Kerosene, amount used by A. E. F., v: 331.

Kessler, Count, expelled from Poland, vi: 220.

Kessler, George A., starts Blind Relief War Fund, vii: 255.

Keystone (28th) Division, see U. S., Army.

Kharga, British base in Libyan Desert, iii: 191.

Kheyr-ed-Din-Barbarossa, Turkish battleship sunk by British submarine, Aug. 9, '15, i: 381.

Khvostov, Russian Minister of Interior, removed from office, Feb., '16, vi: 140.

Kiau-Chau (Kiao-Chau), seized by Germany, 1897, i: 15, 82; siege and conquest of Tsing Tau by Japanese, Aug. 24—Nov. 7, '14, iii: 257-259, iv: 367, vi: 382-383; German rights transferred to Japan under Peace Treaty, xii: 209; area and population, xii: 279; see also Shantung.

Kiel Canal, Peace Treaty provisions for navigation of, xii: 255.

Kienzle, Herbert, in German plot to blow up ships at sea, x: 372.

Kiev, captured by Germans, Mar. 2, '18, i: 393.

Kilid-Bahr, fortification of, on Gallipoli, ii: 29, iv: 24, 45; objective of British landing forces, iii: 167; bombarded, Mar. 5, '15, iv: 45; see also Gallipoli Campaign.

Killingholme, England, U. S. seaplane station at, iv: 359.

Kimigayo, Japanese national anthem, xi: 328.

King Edward VII, British battleship sunk by mine, Jan. 10, '16, i: 384.

Kiribaba Pass, seized by Russians, Jan. 16, '15, i: 378.

Kitchener, Field-Marshal Lord Horatio Herbert, drowned in sinking of cruiser Hampshire, June 5, '16, i: 385, ix: 168; attitude on Dardanelles campaign, ii: Intro. xv; dispute with Field-Marshal French, ii: 164-169; member of British Cabinet War Council, ii: 198; responsibility for Dardanelles disaster, ii: 198, 202; influence in War Council described by Winston Churchill, ii: 202; biography, ix: 168-176; bibliography, ix: 176; military commandments, xi: 55.

K-K-K-Katy, American soldiers' song, xi: 335.

Kluck, Gen. Alexander von, leads invasion of Belgium and France, Aug., '14, ii: 8, iii: 10, xi: 10; occupies Brussels, Aug. 20, '14, ii: 8, iii: 21; defeated at first Marne battle and forced to retreat, Sept., '14, ii: 9, 184, iii: 30-34; strategy of Aug., '14 advance, criticism of, by Field-Marshal French, ii: 168; avoids Paris and crosses the Marne, iii: 28; biography, ix: 266-268.

Knights of Columbus, war-time activities of, vii: 328-339; organizing for war work, vii: 330; funds raised, vii: 331; war work expenditures, vii: 332; War Activities Committee, vii: 334; employment bureaus for discharged service men, vii: 338.

Knotty Ash Camp, Liverpool, American Y. M. C. A. at, vii: 287.

Knox peace resolution, declaring war between U. S. and Germany at end, passed by Congress in substitution for Treaty of Versailles, xii: 273-277; text of original resolution asking the President to make separate peace, xii: 273-274; text of amended resolution, xii: 277; vetoed by President Wilson, xii: 277; President's veto message, xii: 278.

Kocak, Sgt. Matej, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.

Koenig, Paul, head of Hamburg-American Line secret service, i: 317; German spy in U. S., x: 347.

Koenig, Capt. Paul, commander of German commerce submarine Deutschland, personal account of trans-Atlantic trip, iv: 214-216, x: 271-274.

Koja Chemen Tepe, at Gallipoli, dominates Anzac positions, iii: 172; Anzac assault on, iii: 173; see also Gallipoli Campaign.

Kolchak, Adm. Aleksandr Vasiliyevich, Siberian government of, recognized by Allies, vi: 188; declares himself dictator of Siberia, vi: 194; leader of anti-Bolshevik forces in Russia, vi: 194; biography, ix: 239-241.

Kollontai, Mme., member of Bolshevik presidium, vi: 179.

Köln, German cruiser sunk at battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Königin Luise, German raider in English Channel, iv: 197.

Königsberg, in East Prussia, Russian objective, iii: 111.

Königsberg, German sea-raider, sunk by British monitors, July 11, '15, i: 381, iv: 195.

Koran of Caliph Othwan, Peace Treaty provision for return of, by Germany to King of Hedjaz, xii: 225.

Korea, acquired by Japan, i: 20; struggle for independence, vi: 388.

Kornilov, Gen. Laurus, appointed Commander-in-Chief of Russian armies by Kerensky, vi: 164; rebellion against Kerensky, vi: 167-171; imprisoned, vi: 171; leads Cossacks against Bolsheviki, vi: 192; biography, ix: 235-237.

Kossaima, occupied by Turks, Jan., '15, iii: 189.

Kovel, military importance, ii: 42.

Kovno, captured by Germans, Aug. 17, '15, i: 381, ii: 363, iii: 138.

Koweit, Sultanate of, established, '18, xii: 279.

Kriemhilde Position, German line of defense, extent and description, v: 74, 218, 234; A. E. F. breakthrough in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Oct.—Nov., '18, v: 80-88, 240, 245, 262; see also Meuse-Argonne Offensive.

Krithia, at Gallipoli, Allied attacks on, iii: 169-173; see also Gallipoli Campaign.

Kronprinz Wilhelm, comes into Newport News harbor, Apr. 11, '15, i: 378; interned, Apr. 26, '15, i: 380.

Kronstadt, captured by Rumanians, Sept., '16, iii: 218; recaptured by Teutons, Oct., '16, iii: 220; military headquarters of Bolsheviki, vi: 164.

Krovno, occupied by Austrians, Feb. 4, '16, i: 384.

Krupp, Bertha, owner of largest German munition plant, ix: 352.

Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Dr. Gustave, head of Krupp Works, visit to England, June, '14, i: 265; husband of Bertha Krupp, ix: 352.

Kuban Republic, established, Nov., '18, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

Kucharzewski, Premier of Poland under German jurisdiction, vi: 214.

Kuhn, Maj.-Gen. Joseph E., commands 79th Div., Aug., '18, v: 197; in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 219.

Kultur, German, see Germany, Kultur.

Kum Kale, French land troops at, for Gallipoli Campaign, Apr. 25, '15, iv: 41; Turkish fortifications at, iv: 42; Allied bombardment of, Mar. 4, '15, iv: 44.

Kurnah, taken by British, Dec. 9, '14, i: 376, iii: 180.

Kuryet-el-Enad, taken by British, Nov. 19, '17, iii: 194.

Kusmanek, Gen. von, Austrian commander defending Przemysl, iii: 134.

Kut-el-Amara, captured by British, Sept., '15, iii: 181; siege and surrender of British at, Dec. 7, '15—Apr. 29, '16, iii: 183, 318-320; number of British surrendered, iii: 318; conditions in, during siege, iii: 364.

L

La Bassée, captured by British, Jan. 23, '15, i: 378.

La Boisselle, captured by Allies in Somme battle, '16, iii: 58.

Labor, anti-war spirit, xii: 65; importance in winning the War, xii: 68; floating, xii: 68; women in war industries, xii: 83-85; Peace Treaty charter for international organization, xii: 255-261; see also under each country.

Labor Peace Conference, British, Feb. 27, '19, vi: 20.

"Labyrinth," captured by French, June 22, '15, i: 380; designation for German trenches between Arras and Neuville St. Vaast, iii: 42.

Laconia, S. S., Cunard liner torpedoed, Feb. 25, '17, i: 389; eye-witness account, iv: 225-229.

Ladd, Anna Coleman, makes copper face masks for mutilated, vii: 68.

Lafayette, poem by R. A. Purdy, xi: 18.

Lafayette Escadrille, formation, iii: 391; first members, iii: 391; Capt. Thenault appointed commander, iii: 391; first casualties, iii: 391; equipment of fliers, iii: 392; propaganda among Germans, iii: 392; total casualties, iii: 392; story of, x: 196-202.

Lafayette Fund, first American war relief organizations vii: 85.

La Fère, British driven from, Aug. 26, '14, i: 375; captured by Germans, Aug. 29, '14, i: 375; recaptured by Allies, Oct. 13, '18, i: 399, xi: 52; German base in France, ii: 86; French attacks on, '17, iii: 68.

La-Ferte-sous-Jouarre, headquarters of First Army, A. E. F., v: 384.

Lamarch, captured by 42nd Div., Sept. 12, '18, v: 211.

Lamont, Thomas W., financial adviser to U. S. delegation to Peace Conference, xii: 149; account of Peace Conference at work, xii: 149-163; member of Reparations Commission, xii: 158.

Lamprecht, Prof. Karl, German historian, defense of German system of government, i: 155.

Landres-St. Georges, captured by 2nd Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 90, 263; bombed by A. E. F. airmen, v: 311.

Landreville, captured by 2nd Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.

Landsberg, Herr, member of Ebert government, Nov. 9, '18, vi: 277.

Landsturm, German, i: 72.

Landwehr, German, i: 72.

Lane, Franklin K., on meaning of the War to America, i: 367.

Langfitt, Maj.-Gen. Wm. C., Chief Engineer, A. E. F., v: 336.

Langres, A. E. F. training schools at, v: 106, 314.

Lanrezac, Gen., Viscount French's criticism of, ii: 162.

Lansdowne, Lord, letter calling on Allies to state war aims, vi: 12.

Lansing-Ishii Note, '17, recognizes Japan's special interests in China, i: 58, vi: 386.

Laon, captured by Germans, Aug. 29, '14, i: 375; German base in France, ii: 86; captured by Gen. Mangin, Oct. 12, '18, ii: 214, xi: 52.

La Peyrère, Adm., Commander-in-Chief of French navy, '14, iv: 12.

La Pultière Wood, captured by 5th Div., Oct. 14, '18, v: 250.

Lars Kruse, Belgian relief ship sunk by U-boat, iv: 230.

La Rue Farm, captured by 27th Div., v: 296.

La Société Impériale Ottomane du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad, formation, ii: 292; terms of concession to, ii: 292.

Last Long Mile, The, British soldiers' song, xi: 337.

Latham, Sgt. John C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.

Latin America, participation in War, vi: 389.

Launeville, taken by 89th Div., Nov. 4, '18, v: 266.

Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, Canadian Liberal leader, vi: 24; speech pledging War support, Aug., '14, vi: 24; against Imperial federation, vi: 26; declines to form coalition Cabinet, vi: 33.

League of Nations, Charles W. Eliot on, i: Intro. xiii; international co-operation during War, i: Intro. xiii; summary of provisions, i: Intro. xiv; proposal to place Fiume under, vi: 369; spirit of, xii: 155; prominent advocates, xii: 155; drafting of Covenant described by Thos. W. Lamont, xii: 155; analysis by Geo. W. Wickersham, xii: 170-178; text of Covenant in full, xii: 182-185; countries invited to join, xii: 186; original members, xii: 186; Sir James Eric Drummond, first secretary-general, xii: 186; U. S. Senate opposition to, xii: 264-270; first meeting of Council, Jan. 20, '20, xii: 270.

Leather, war-time conservation in shoemaking, xii: 53.

Leave areas, "Y" service at, vii: 269; see also Y. M. C. A.

Lebanon, disposal under secret treaties, '16—'17, vi: 334.

Le Cateau, battle of, Aug. 26, '14, criticism of Smith-Dorrien's strategy at, by Field-Marshal French, ii: 162, 174; account of battle, ii: 174-182, iii: 23.

Le Charmel, German stand at, July 21, '18, v: 185; Gen. Degoutte's commendation of A. E. F. at, v: 192.

Le Chêne Tondu, German defense of, against 56th Brig., Sept. 28, '18, v: 229; captured by 28th Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 239.

Lee service rifle, viii: 95.

Leelanaw, S. S., American steamship sunk by U-boat, July 25. '15, i: 381.

Leipzig, German cruiser, in battle off Coronel, armament, iv: 65; sunk in battle of Falklands, iv: 70, ix: 308; eye-witness account of sinking, iv: 80.

Lejeune, Gen., commander of 2nd Div. at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202.

Leman, Gen., defender of Liége, iii: 11.

Le Mans, embarkation center for returning A. E. F., v: 395.

Lemberg, battle of, and capture by Russians, Sept. 1—3, '14, i: 375, ii: 23, iii: 121, xi: 16; recaptured by Austrians, June 22, '15, i: 380, iii: 137; military importance, ii: 42; seized by Poles, Nov., '18, vi: 217.

Lemert, Sgt. Milo, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 396.

Lemordant, French painter-soldier, x: 169.

Lenin, Nicolai, urges defeat of Russia, '14, '15, vi: 140; leader of Bolsheviki, vi: 161-163; overthrows Kerensky, Nov., '17, vi: 179-181; becomes President of Council of People's Commissaries, Nov. 8, '17, vi: 181; policies of government, vi: 181; biography, ix: 109-115; bibliography, ix: 115.

Lens, Allied objective in battle of Artois, May, '15, iii: 42; objective in battle of Arras, Apr., '17, iii: 70; held by Germans against Allied attacks in Arras battle, iii: 72.

Léon Gambetta, French cruiser torpedoed, Apr. 27, '15, iv: 373.

Leonardo da Vinci, Italian dreadnought blown up, Aug. 2, '16, i: 386.

Leopold, Prince, commands Bavarians entering Warsaw, iii: 138.

L'Epasse Wood, captured by 2nd Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.

Le Prêtre Wood, captured by 180 Inf. Brig., Sept. 13, '18, v: 209.

Lescarboura, Austin C., on trench warfare, viii: 133; opinion on efficiency of tanks, xi: 251; on use of dogs in War, xi: 340.

Le Selle River, German stand at, Oct., '18, v: 295.

Les Eparges, location in St. Mihiel salient, v: 199; captured by French, Sept. 12, '18, v: 212.

Les Petites Armoises, captured by 78th Div., Nov. 4, '18, v: 266.

Letord bombing airplanes, viii: 223.

Letts, peasant inhabitants of Baltic Provinces, vi: 226; early history, vi: 226; rebellion of '05, vi: 227; form Lettish Legion to fight in War, '15, vi: 227; join Bolsheviki, vi: 228.

Letvia, Republic of, established, Apr., '18, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

Leviathan, work as U. S. transport, xii: 275.

Levicu, Dr., leader in movement for Soviet government in Munich, Mar., '19, vi: 300.

Lewis machine-gun, description, viii: 81; rejected by U. S. government, viii: 82; use on airplanes, viii: 87; U. S. production figures for aircraft, xii: 284.

Liberty Loans, U. S., popularity, xii: 10; selection of drive periods, xii: 11; influence on national thrift, xii: 11-16; subscription figures by Federal Reserve Districts, xii: 12; New York City subscriptions, by borough, xii: 12; compared with amount of other U. S. indebtedness, xii: 16; amounts raised, xii: 113; effect on German morale, xii: 126; number of subscribers, xii: 127; methods used in selling campaigns, xii: 127-134; sales psychology, xii: 132; Victory Way, xii: 133; number of persons engaged in drives, xii: 134; statistics, xii: 134; see also U. S., War cost.

Liberty motor, description, viii: 199; production figures, xii: 285.

Liberty truck, development and description, viii: 291-294.

Libyan Desert, military operations in '16—'17, iii: 191.

Lichnowsky, Prince Karl Maximilian, German ambassador to England, negotiations for settlement of Anglo-German rivalries, '12—'14, i: 196, 250; account of events leading to World War, i: 246; author of Memorandum, account of diplomatic experiences in England, i: 250; biography, ix: 131-133.

Liebau, Hans, German propagandist in U. S., x: 338.

"Liebau Employment Agency," center of German propaganda in U. S., x: 338.

Liebknecht, Karl, German radical leader, sketch of, by Sir Thomas Barclay, vi: Intro. x; votes against war credits, vi: Intro. xii; protest against War, '14, vi: 249; imprisoned, '16, vi: 262, ix: 140, 141; freed from prison, Oct., '18, vi: 272; leads Spartacides, Nov., '18, vi: 278, ix: 142; organizes Spartacide demonstrations, Dec., '18, vi: 283; killed during Spartacide uprising, Jan. 15, '19, vi: 289, ix: 142; biography, ix: 138-143; elected to Prussian Assembly while in prison, ix: 140; expelled from Socialist Party, ix: 141; bibliography, ix: 142.

Liége, forts constructed, 1890, i: 143; captured by Germans, Aug. 7, '14, i: 375, iii: 10, xi: 9. Ludendorff's account, ii: 348;

Liggett, Lieut.-Gen. Hunter, commands First Corps, A. E. F., in Marne defensive, July, '18, v: 56; commands First Corps in St. Mihiel drive, v: 65, 202, 386; appointed commander of First Army, Oct. 16, '18, v: 83, 246, 390; in command of 41st Div., '17, v: 109; commands First Corps in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 220, 388, 390; commands First Army in Meuse-Argonne, v: 390; biography, ix: 218.

Lightning (78th) Division, see U. S., Army.

Lille, abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375; death-rate during German occupation, iii: 406.

Lille, Laon and St. Dié, poem by John Finley, vi: 82.

Limburg, claimed by Belgium, vi: 91.

Limey, location in St. Mihiel salient, v: 199.

Liners, interned German, in U. S. ports, injuries to, iv: 319.

Linsingen, Gen. von, commands Austrians operating against Lemberg, iii: 132.

Liny-devant-Dun, captured by 11th Inf., Nov. 5, '18, v: 271.

Lion, British battle cruiser, Beatty's flagship in battle of Jutland, iv: 105; in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241; disabled in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Liquid fire, first use by Germans in Belgium, July 30, '15, i: 381; how used, viii: 120; story of Germans caught in own trap, x: 18.

Lisle, Gen. de, at first battle of Ypres, ii: 171.

Lissey, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 272.

Listening device, for detecting submarines, description, iv: 308; see also Hydrophones; Microphone.

Literary rights, Peace Treaty provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246.

Lithuania, struggle for independence, vi: 234-236; opposed by Polish aspirations, vi: 234; fight against Bolshevism, vi: 236; Cabinet of '18, vi: 236; fight against Polish aggression, vi: 236; Republic established, Apr., '18, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

Little Russia, see Ukraine.

Livonia, early history, vi: 226; Republic established, Apr., '18, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279; see also Baltic Provinces.

Lizenz bombing airplanes, viii: 222.

Llandovery Castle, torpedoed, June 22, '18, i: 395.

Lloyd George, David, advocates aggressive campaign against Austria, ii: Intro. x, xx; becomes British Prime Minister, ii: Intro. xx, vi: 10, ix: 28; military policy, ii: Intro, xxi; becomes Minister of Munitions, May, '15, vi: 5, xii: 78; appeal to munition workers, vi: 5, ix: 27; speeds up British war efforts, vi: 10; statement of Allied war aims, vi: 12; indorses President Wilson's Fourteen Points, vi: 14; conciliatory policy between labor and capital, vi: 20; biography, ix: 21-30; bibliography, ix: 30; see also Peace Conference.

Loans, raised by belligerents for conduct of War, xii: 111.

Locomotives, number shipped to France from U. S., xii: 95, xii: 286; see also Railroads.

Lodge, Senator Henry Cabot, leads opposition to Peace Treaty, xii: 264; original reservations to Peace Treaty, text, xii: 265; revised reservations to Peace Treaty, text, xii: 269.

Lodz, occupied by Germans, Nov. 27, '14, iii: 129.

Logan, Col. James A., Chief of Administration (G-1), G. H. Q., A. E. F., v: 101.

Loman, Pvt. Berger, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397.

Lome, surrender to British, Aug., '14, iii: 252.

London, air raids on, Aug. 17, '15, i: 381; Sept. 8, '15, i: 381; Oct. 13, '15, i: 382; Dec. 24, '14, iii: 41; welcome to Pershing, June, '17, v: 97; American Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 288.

London, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

London Volunteer Motor Corps, vii: 107.

Long, Long Trail, American soldiers' song, xi: 335.

Longueval, objective in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Longwy, abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375; iron area coveted by Germans, '14, ii: 6.

Loos, British attempt to pierce German lines at, '15, ii: 25; captured by British, Sept. 26, '15, iii: 46; faulty British generalship in battle of, iii: 375.

Lord Nelson, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31.

Lorraine, value of iron deposits, i: 267; French offensive in, Aug., '14, iii: 16.

Losnitza, Austrians cross Drina at, iii: 151.

Losses, see Casualties; Prisoners of war.

"Lost Battalion," under Major Whittlesey, cut off from 77th Div., Oct. 2, '18, v: 231, 239; attempts at relief of, fail, v: 241, 242; rescued, Oct. 7, '18, v: 243; units composing, v: 363.

Loti, Pierre, description of gas victims, iii: 320-322.

Lough Foyle, Ireland, U. S. naval air station at, iv: 357.

Louppy, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.

"Lousy Champagne," location, v: 43.

Louvain, captured by Germans, Aug. 19, '14, i: 375, iii: 14; burned by Germans, Aug. 26, '14, i: 375, iii: 14; description of burning by Richard Harding Davis, iii: 273-277.

Louvain, University of, Peace Treaty provisions for restoration by Germany of books destroyed, xii: 225.

Lowenstein, Milton B., Boy Scout in air service, xi: 116.

Lowestoft, attacked by German battle cruiser squadron, Apr. 25, '16, i: 385.

Lowicz, occupied by Germans, Dec. 18, '14, i: 376.

Lublin, occupied by Austrians, July 30, '15, i: 381.

Lublin-Cholm Railway, cut by Germans in '15 offensive, iii: 138.

Lubomirsky, Prince, appointed by Germany to Regency Council of Poland, vi: 214.

"Lucky Bag," explanation of term, iv: 171.

Lucy-la-Bocage, important point near Château-Thierry, v: 132.

Ludendorff, Gen. Erich von, War account, ii: 298-365; estimate of own importance to German victories, ii: 298, 300; appointed First Quartermaster-General, Aug. 29, '16, ii: 326, iii: 61; denies being Germany's dictator, ii: 333; resignation forced, Oct. 26, '18, ii: 336, vi: 271; opinion of A. E. F., ii: 337; war attitude, explained by himself, ii: 344; brigade commander at start of War, ii: 345; share in capture of Liége, ii: 348; appointed Chief of Staff to Hindenburg in East Prussia, Aug., '14, ii: 351; account of first meeting with Hindenburg, Aug. 23, '14, ii: 353; appointed Chief of Staff for operations on southeastern front, Sept., '14, ii: 357; failure of "Spring Drive" loses War, '18, vi: 270; biography, ix: 250-257.

Luderitz Bay, captured by British, iii: 254.

Lufberry, Maj. Raoul, American ace, story of, x: 191-196.

Luke, Lieut. Frank, Jr., American aviator, story of, x: 211-214; gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.

Lukin, Gen., heads expedition against Sollum, iii: 191.

Lullaby for a Baby Tank, poem by H. T. Craven, xi: 270.

Lumber, uses in war, viii: 306-309.

Lunacharsky, member of Bolshevik presidium, vi: 179.

Lunéville, captured by Germans, Aug. 21—23, '14, i: 375, iii: 20; retaken by French, Sept. 11, '14, i: 375.

Lupkow Pass, occupied by Russians, Dec., '14, iii: 127.

Lurcher, British destroyer at battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Lusitania, S. S., German warning against travelling on, May 1, '15, i: 319; sunk by German submarine, May 7, '15, i: 319, 358, 380, xi: 20, 237; Lord Mersey's official report, i: 362-365; loss of life, i: 319, 362; U. S. note to Germany on sinking, May 13, '15, i: 320; Roosevelt's statement on, i: 320; Taft's view of action by U. S. over sinking, i: 320; U. S. demands disavowal of sinking by Germany, i: 323; summary of controversy between U. S. and Germany over sinking, i: 358; dimensions, i: 362; number and nationality of passengers on last trip, i: 362; number in crew, i: 362; not armed, i: 363; German hymn of glory over sinking of, i: 365; eye-witness accounts of sinking, iv: 220-222; Capt. Turner's account, iv: 222; Germans celebrate destruction as naval victory, iv: 223.

Lutsk, captured by Germans, Sept. 1, '15, i: 381; recaptured by Russians, Sept. 23, '15, i: 382; recaptured by Germans, Sept. 27, '15, i: 382; captured by Russians, June 6, '16, i: 385, iii: 142.

Lützow, German battle cruiser sunk at Jutland, eye-witness account, iv: 256.

Luxemburg, Duchess of, see Marie Adelaide.

Luxemburg, Grand Duchy of, invaded by Germans, Aug. 2, '14, i: 144, iii: 10, vi: 93, xi: 10; annexation sought by Belgium and France, '19, vi: 94; Peace Treaty provisions concerning, xii: 189.

Luxemburg, Rosa, German radical leader, protest against War, '14, vi: 249; imprisoned, '16, vi: 262; leads Spartacides, Nov., '18, vi: 278; killed during Spartacide uprising, Jan. 14, '19, vi: 289; views on social revolution, ix: 147.

Lvov, Prince George E., Premier under Russian Provisional Government, Mar. 14, '17, vi: 155; manifesto on war aims, Apr. 9, '17, vi: 159; forms Coalition Cabinet, vi: 160; biography, ix: 100-102; President of All-Russian Union of Provincial Councils, xii: 82.

Lynch, George, inventer of impenetrable cloth against barbed wire, viii: 68.

Lys, battle of, Apr., '18, ii: 153, iii: 91; Portuguese troops flee under German attack, ii: 153, iii: 91, vi: 374; Allied lines broken, ii: 153, iii: 91; Germans turn attack to Channel ports, iii: 91.

Lysk, Germans defeat Russians at '14, iii: 116.

Lynx, British destroyer blown up in Baltic, iv: 197.

M

Ma'an, seized by Arabs, Sept., '18, iii: 199.

Maastricht salient, claimed by Belgium, vi: 91.

MacArthur, Brig.-Gen. Douglas, leads pursuit of Germans to Vesle River, Aug. 2—3, '18, v: 61; commands 84th Inf. Brig., Oct. 14—16, '18, v: 84; biography, ix: 213-217.

Macao, purchase of Portuguese interests at, by Japan, vi: 386.

Macdonald, Ramsay, endorses Bolshevist peace aims, vi: 12; defeated in Parliamentary elections, '18, vi: 17.

Macdowell, Major T. W., wins Victoria Cross for gallantry at Vimy Ridge, iii: 349.

Macedonia, promised to Bulgaria by Germany, ii: 32; occupation of, by Bulgarians, vi: 343-344; military operations in, see Salonika Campaign.

Machine-guns, use of, in British Army, ii: 125; British and German equipments, Aug., '14, ii: 275; utility in trench warfare, ii: 288, viii: 134-136; nests, construction of, v: 37; pits, v: 287; number on A. E. F. front, Nov. 11, '18, v: 350; predecessors of modern types, viii: 78; Hiram Maxim's invention, 1883, viii: 78; German pre-War preparedness, viii: 78; effectiveness, viii: 79, 136; usefulness compared with rifle, viii: 79; German Machine-Gun Corps, viii: 79; principal types, viii: 80-87; Maxim gun, viii: 80, 87; Benet-Mercier gun, viii: 80; Lewis gun, viii: 81-82; Browning gun, viii: 84-87; on airplanes, viii: 86-87, 189-192, 196, 208-216; Hotchkiss gun, viii: 87; German and Allied equipments compared, Aug., '14, viii: 134; tank vs. machine-gun, viii: 150-151; U. S. production figures, xii: 284; number captured by Americans, xii: 288.

Mackensen, Field-Marshal August von, commander of Teuton forces conquering Serbia, ii: 34, iii: 156; leads invasion of Rumania, ii: 60, iii: 222; leader of offensive through Galicia and Poland, ii: 233, iii: 128; commands Bulgarian forces, iii: 218; biography, ix: 257-261.

Madeline Farm, Germans resist attacks on, by 80th and 3rd Divs., Oct. 6, '18, v: 241; captured by Americans, Oct. 9, '18, v: 245.

Madelon, Le, French soldiers' song, xi: 339.

Madras, bombarded by German raider Emden, Sept. 18, '14, iv: 174.

Magdeburg, German cruiser sunk by Russians, Aug., '14, iv: 365.

Maghdaba, British defeat Turks at, iii: 192.

Magnes, Dr. Judah L., visits Europe for Jewish war relief, vii: 356, 360.

Magpies in Picardy, poem by "Tipcuca," xi: 224.

Magyars, predominance in Austria-Hungary, vi: 306; loyalty to Empire, vi: 306; rebel against new Czechoslovak government, vi: 399; see also Austria-Hungary; Hungary.

Mahon, Gen., commands British at Salonika, iii: 202.

Maidos, defenses of Gallipoli at, iv: 24.

Mainz, German cruiser, sunk in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Mainz, occupation by Allies and conditions for withdrawal from, xii: 261.

Maize, imports of, by Germany, ii: 17.

Majestic, British battleship, at Gallipoli, iv: 31; sunk by submarine at Gallipoli, May 27, '15, iv: 50.

Malancourt, captured by Germans, Mar., '16, iii: 51; location, v: 217; 4th Engrs. build artillery road from, to Esnes, Sept., '18, v: 226.

Malborghetto, captured by Italians, iii: 244.

Mali Journal, Serbian newspaper, on antagonism to Austria-Hungary, vi: 356.

Malingering, devices for detection of, viii: 358-361.

Malinov, succeeds Radoslavov as Bulgarian Premier, vi: 346; statement on circumstances of Bulgarian surrender, vi: 347.

Malleterre, Gen., discussion of Allied victory, ii: 206; Professor of Military Geography at École de Guerre, ii: 220; eulogy of Foch and Pétain, ii: 220.

Mallon, Capt. George H., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397.

Malmédy, ceded to Belgium under Peace Treaty, vi: 89, xii: 188.

Malmö, meeting of Scandinavian rulers at, and pledge of mutual neutrality, vi: 393.

Malvy, French Minister of Interior, tried for criminal neglect, iv: 10; implicated in Bonnet Rouge case, vi: 105; exiled from France, vi: 106.

Mametz, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Manchuria, Japanese penetration of, i: 20.

Mangin, Gen., attacks Germans on Villers-Cotterets and Soissons line, July, '18, ii: 210, v: 159; appointed commander of Verdun sector, iii: 62; successful attack at Verdun, Dec., '16, iii: 62.

Mann, Maj.-Gen. William A., relieved of command of 42nd Div., '17, v: 109.

Mannerheim, Gen., commands Finnish White Guards, vi: 198; dictator of Finnish de facto Republic, '18, vi: 200.

Manning, Corp. Sidney E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Manoury, Gen., commands a French army at first Marne battle, ii: 182, 184.

Mantou, Prof., interpreter to Supreme Peace Council, xii: 152.

Maple Leaf Forever, The, Canadian national hymn, xi: 330.

March, Gen. Peyton C., Chief of Staff, U. S. Army, biography, ix: 210-212.

Margate, bombed by German airmen, Oct. 22, '16, i: 388.

Marie, Queen of Rumania, appeal for American aid, vi: 349.

Marie Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxemburg, resigns in favor of sister, vi: 94; biography, ix: 383-384.

Marina, S. S., British freighter sunk by German submarine, Oct. 28, '16, i: 335, 388.

Marines, U. S., see U. S., Marines.

Maritz, Col., rebel Boer leader, joins Germans in Southwest Africa, '14, iii: 254, vi: 50.

Markomannia, auxiliary to German raider Emden, iv: 170, 172.

Marlin aircraft guns, U. S. production figures, xii: 284; see also Machine-guns.

Marne, Allied retreat to the, Aug.—Sept., '14, iii: 20-30; topography of salient, v: 42, 133.

Marne, battles of: Sept., '14, report of Field-Marshal French on preliminary action, ii: 9; outline of maneuvers, ii: 9; Foch's generalship at, ii: 103, 138-142, 182, 220, iii: 31-34; described by French participant, ii: 182; Gen. Manoury's share in victory, ii: 182; military situation preceding, ii: 183; Allied generals under Joffre at, ii: 184; German commanders at, ii: 184; effect of Russian invasion of East Prussia on, ii: 227; analysis of, by a German military critic, ii: 258; detailed account of, iii: 30-36; casualties at, iii: 35. July, '18, Foch's strategy, ii: 77, ii: 154; Ludendorff's account, ii: 322-324; Ludendorff's comment on casualties, ii: 326; Ludendorff's comment on A. E. F. fighting, ii: 326; general account of battle, iii: 95-97, v: 129; detailed account of A. E. F. participation, v: 47-61, 148-192, 382; reasons for failure of German offensive, v: 54; German artillery captured by Americans, v: 56; stand of 38th Inf. against German attempts to cross Marne, July 15, '18, v: 150-153, x: 381-387; Pershing's message to troops, v: 191; Gen. Degoutte's praise of A. E. F. at, v: 192; work of tanks at, viii: 148; see also Aisne-Marne Offensive; Champagne.

Marne District, German destruction in, iii: 297-300.

Marne (3rd) Division, see U. S., Army.

Mars, A. E. F. base hospital at, v: 400.

Marseillaise, French national anthem, an Alsatian song, i: 211; effect on French audience, i: 211; words, xi: 326.

Marseilles, embarkation port for returning A. E. F., v: 395.

Marshal, Gen., commander of British capturing Bagdad, xi: 48.

Marshall, Louis, President American Jewish Relief Committee, vii: 354.

Martin, Miss Winona C., American "Y" worker killed in France, vii: 313.

Martin, Dr. Franklin, member of Advisory Commission, U. S. Council of National Defense, xii: 116.

Martinpuich, captured by Allies, Sept. 15, '16, i: 388.

Mary, Queen of England, biography, ix: 392-395.

Masaryk, T. G., leader of movement for Czech independence, vi: 397.

Masefield, John, description of British embarkation for Gallipoli, iii: 350; account of Gallipoli fighting, iii: 352, 355-358; description of soldier's life at Gallipoli, iii: 353.

Mata-Hari, woman spy, executed by French, Oct. 15, '17, i: 392; discloses tank secret to Germans, x: 360.

Matz Valley, German attacks during '18 offensive, ii: 76.

Maubeuge, Allied objective in final drive, Nov., '18, iii: 103.

Maude, Gen. Sir Frederick Stanley, Mesopotamian successes, '16—'17, ii: Intro. xviii, 90, iii: 185; biography, ix: 194-199.

Maurepas, captured by French during battle of the Somme, iii: 58.

Maurice, Maj.-Gen. Sir Frederick, on general strategy of the War, ii: Intro. vii-xxiv.

Mauser rifle, description, viii: 95.

Max, Burgomaster of Brussels, demand of concessions from Germans, iii: 14.

Maxim, Hiram, invents machine-gun, 1883, viii: 78.

Maxim machine-gun, description, viii: 80; modified type used by Germans and Austrians, viii: 87.

Maximilian of Baden, Prince, appointed German Chancellor, Oct. 3, '18, vi: 270; appeals to Wilson for armistice, vi: 270.

Mayo, Adm. Henry Thomas, biography, ix: 296.

Mazurian Lakes, topography of district, iii: 108; difficulty of military operations in, iii: 113; Russian armies annihilated by Hindenburg, Aug., '14, iii: 113-116; second battle, Feb., '15, iii: 130; see also Tannenberg, battle of.

McAdoo, William G., biography, ix: 329-331; Director General, U. S. Railroad Administration, xii: 88.

McAlexander, Brig.-Gen. U. G., as colonel commands 38th Inf. Regt. in second battle of the Marne, July, '18, v: 152; commands 180th Inf. Brig, at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12—15, '18, v: 209; biography, ix: 216.

McAndrew, Maj.-Gen. James W., succeeds Gen. Harbord as Chief of Staff, A. E. F., Aug., '17, v: 102; Pershing's appreciation, v: 403-404; biography, ix: 216.

McCaw, Brig.-Gen. Walter D., Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., v: 346.

McLemore Resolution, warning to Americans not to travel on belligerent ships, i: 327; President Wilson opposes, i: 327; defeated, i: 328.

McLeod, Marguerite Gertrude Zelle, German spy, discloses tank secret, x: 360.

McMahon, Maj.-Gen. James E., in command of 5th Div., May, '18, v: 128; at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202; relieved of command of 5th Div., Oct., '18, v: 252.

McMurtry, Capt. George C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

McRae, Maj.-Gen. James H., in command of 78th Div., June, '18, v: 144; at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202.

Meat packers, profits before and during War, xii: 56.

Mecca, captured by Arabs, July 15, '16, i: 386.

Medeah Farm, captured by 67th French Div., Oct. 3, '18, v: 256.

Medical Corps, U. S., see U. S., Army.

Medical science, use of X-ray, vii: 221, viii: 373-376; development under war needs, viii: 361-365, xi: 286-291; rifle and shell wounds, relative dangers of, viii: 361; French medical service for wounded, viii: 362-365; danger of infection in shell wounds, viii: 362, 367; treatment of head wounds, viii: 365; treatment of face wounds, viii: 366; treatment of body wounds, viii: 366; treatment of blood vessel lesions, viii: 366; treatment of nerve cord lesions, viii: 366; treatment of fractures, viii: 367; new method of amputation, viii: 367; prevention of tetanus infection, viii: 367, xi: 287; prevention of gas gangrene, viii: 367, xi: 287-288; treatment of shell shock, viii: 368; causes of infection, viii: 369; Carrel-Dakin treatment, viii: 369-372, xi: 288-289; mechanical treatments for injured limbs, viii: 381-384; artificial arms for war cripples, viii: 384-388; artificial legs for war cripples, viii: 388-390; reconstructing mutilated faces, viii: 390; use of ambrine in treatment of burns, viii: 390; artificial eyes for war blind, viii: 391; prevention of infectious diseases among troops, viii: 392-397; anti-typhoid immunization, viii: 393; making drinking water safe for army, viii: 394-396; see also: Disease; Infection; Reconstruction of disabled; Sanitation; Surgery.

Medwa, Turks defeated at, by British, Jan., '16, iii: 191.

Mehun, U. S. Ordnance repair shop at, v: 350.

Memel, captured by Russians, Mar. 19, '15, i: 378; evacuated by Russians, Mar. 21, '15, i: 378; raided by Russian fleet, Mar., '15, iv: 365; Peace Treaty provisions concerning, xii: 203.

Men of Harlech, Welsh national hymn, xi: 330.

Menoher, Maj.-Gen. Charles T., commander 42nd Div., '17, v: 109; at St. Mihiel, Sept., '18, v: 202.

Mensheviki, Russian political party, doctrines of, vi: 148.

Menshikov, Russian imperialist, outlines plan of conquest, '14, vi: 134.

Merchant marine, see Shipping.

Mercier, Cardinal Désiré, biography and war-time activities, ix: 341-343.

Mersey, British monitor, in Flanders and East Africa, iv: 281.

Mersey, Lord, official report on Lusitania sinking, i: 362-365.

Merville salient, evacuation of, by Germans, iii: 98.

Mesopotamia, German dream of acquisition, ii: 27; British irrigation schemes in, ii: 295; terrain and climate, iii: 178; historic background of modern battlefields, iii: 329-334; disposition under secret treaties of '16—'17, vi: 334; area and population, xii: 279.

Mesopotamian Campaign, strategic importance and Allied plan of operations, ii: Intro. xvi, 87-91, iii: 178-180; British land troops at Fao to protect oil fields, Nov., '14, ii: Intro. xvi, iii: 180; Gen. Nixon pursues Turks and threatens Bagdad, '15, ii: Intro. xvi, 91, iii: 180-182; British defeated at Ctesiphon and driven into Kut-el-Amara, Dec., '15, ii: Intro. xvi, 91, 182-183; siege of Kut and Gen. Townshend's surrender, Dec. 7, '15—Apr. 29, '16, ii: Intro. xvii, 91, iii: 183-185, 363, 364; British reorganize campaign after Kut disaster, ii: Intro. xviii, 92, iii: 185; British capture Bagdad, Mar. 11, '17, ii: Intro. xviii, 92, iii: 187; British landing force advances to Basra and Kurna, Dec., '14, iii: 180; British capture Kut-el-Amara, Sept., '15, iii: 181; unsuccessful attempts to relieve siege of Kut, iii: 184-185; Gen. Maude placed in command of British, '16, iii: 185; causes of and responsibility for British disaster, report of Royal Commission, iii: 185, 363-370; battle of Sannyat, iii: 185-187; bibliography, iii: 187; personnel of Commission of inquiry, iii: 363; conditions in Kut during siege, iii: 364; casualties in attempts to relieve Kut, iii: 364.

Messines Ridge, British mine and blow up German positions, June, '17, ii: 56, iii: 74, 76-77, viii: 310; nature of German defenses, iii: 77; casualties, British and German, iii: 77; recaptured by Germans, Apr., '18, iii: 360.

Messudiyeh, Turkish warship, blown up in Dardanelles, Dec. 13, '14, i: 376, x: 317.

Mestrovitch, Sgt. James I., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.

Meteor, German raider in Baltic, iv: 197.

Metternich, Prince, theory of government, i: 33.

Metz, bombarded by British airmen, Jan. 14, '18, i: 393; entered by French, Nov. 19, '18, i: 400; Allied plan for capture of, Nov., '18, v: 274.

Meurer, Vice-Adm., German delegate to arrange for surrender of German fleet, iv: 384.

Meurthe River, line of defense before Nancy, iii: 19.

Meuse River, French forced to retire from, Aug., '14, iii: 20; German attempt to invade France through valley of, '14, v: 199.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive, concentration of A. E. F. for, Sept., '18, ii: 84, v: 75, 218, 388; objectives, ii: 84, 214, 387; topography of battleground, ii: 214, v: 73-74, 90, 217-218; strategic importance, ii: 215, v: 214-216, 387; breakdown of A. E. F. supply service, ii: 215; Ludendorff's comment on, ii: 334; detailed account of battle, Sept. 25—Nov. 11. '18, iii: 100, v: 72-95, 213-253, 260-279; extent of A. E. F. front, v: 72-73, 217, 390; Allied plan of campaign, v: 73, 75, 216, 218; A. E. F. divisions participating, with positions in line, v: 74, 219-222, 388; German defenses, position and strength, v: 74, 217-218, 388; A. E. F. advance to Kriemhilde position, v: 78-82; Allies break through Kriemhilde line, v: 83-88; Germans dislodged and thrown across the Meuse, Nov., '18, v: 88-95; number of French troops participating, v: 220, 388; German strength, v: 220, 388; day by day account of operations, Sept. 25—Oct. 3, v: 222-233; number of Allied airplanes, v: 223, 388; day by day account, Oct. 4—31, v: 234-253; day by day account of last phase, Nov. 1—11, v: 260-279; Argonne Forest cleared of Germans, Nov. 3, '18, v: 266; number of Allied tanks used, v: 315, 388; sector assigned to A. E. F., v: 385; Pershing's official report, v: 386-393; Allies' artillery strength, v: 388; strength of First Army, A. E. F., v: 390, xii: 280; desperate nature of fighting, v: 390-391; Germans appeal for Armistice, Nov. 6, '18, v: 391; German guns captured, v: 393; German prisoners captured, v: 393; casualties of First Army, v: 393, xii: 280; magnitude of operations, v: 393.

Mexico, German plot to involve in war with U. S., i: 347.

Meyer-Waldeck, Capt., German governor of Tsing-Tau, iii: 257.

Mézières, captured by Germans, Aug. 27, '14, i: 375; Allied objective in final drive, Nov., '18, iii: 103; captured by French, Nov. 9,. '18, iii: 103; fortified French frontier town, v: 215.

Mézières-Sedan railroad, key to German lines of communication on Western Front, v: 216, 387.

Mezy, Germans force passage of Marne at, July 15, '18, v: 150.

Mice, uses in war, vii: 229.

Michael, Grand Duke, designated as successor by Czar on abdication, vi: 156; renounces succession to Russian throne Mar., '17, vi: 156.

Michaelis, Georg, statement of German war aims, ii: 14; appointment as German Chancellor, July, '17, vi: 266.

Michel position, section of Hindenburg Line on St. Mihiel Front, v: 69.

Michitch, Gen., Serbian commander, stops advance of Austrian invaders, Dec., '14, iii: 394.

Michler, Gen., decorated for Somme campaign, iii: 60.

Microphone, instrument for detection of U-boats, iv: 308, xi: 241; see also Hydrophones.

Milan, bombarded by Austrian airmen, Feb. 14, '16, i: 384.

Miles, Capt. Wardlaw L., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Militarism, German, see Germany, Militarism.

Military commandments, by Kitchener and Foch, xi: 55.

Military training, universal, advocated by Dr. Chas. W. Eliot, i: Intro. xii; German system of, i: 71; Bernhardi's defense of, i: 162; Roosevelt's advocacy of, for U. S., i: 326; abolition of, in Germany under Peace Treaty, xii: 211.

Milk supply, German, ii: 18.

Miller, Lieut. John Q., observation pilot, story of, x: 232-235.

Miller, Major Oscar F., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 402.

Millicent Sutherland Ambulance, vii: 107.

Milne, Adm., commander of British fleet in Mediterranean, Aug., '14, iv: 13.

Milne, Pvt. W. J., awarded Victoria Cross for gallantry at Vimy Ridge, iii: 349.

Milyukov, Paul M., Russian statesman, exposes treachery of Stürmer, Nov., '16, vi: 142; assails Government distribution of food, Feb., '17, vi: 144; Minister of Foreign Affairs in Provisional Government, Mar., '17, vi: 158; statement of loyalty to Allied cause, vi: 158, 159; biography, ix: 102-103.

Mines, submarine, North Sea mine barrage, iv: Intro. xi, 324, viii: 274; use of trawlers for sweeping, iv: 292; use in fighting U-boats, iv: 312; use of Paravanes as protection against, iv: 313; methods of laying, iv: 326.

Mining, in land operations, blowing up of Messines Ridge by British, iii: 74, 76-77, viii: 310; of Austrian positions in Alps by Italians, viii: 311.

Minkler, C. T., inventor of depth bomb, iv: 330.

Miraumont, evacuated by Germans, iii: 64.

Mirbach, Count von, assassinated by Bolsheviki, vi: 187.

Missionaries, European, as colonial pioneers in East, i: 17.

Missions, German Christian, continuity guaranteed by Peace Treaty, xii: 263.

Missy, scene of hard fighting by 1st Div., July, '18, v: 55; 1st Div. makes first capture of German guns by A. E. F., v: 174.

Mitau, captured by Germans, Aug. 2, '15, i: 381.

Mitrovitza, captured by Germans, Nov. 23, '15, i: 382.

Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, establishment and functions under Peace Treaty, xii: 243.

Mkwawa, Sultan, skull of, Peace Treaty provision for return of, by Germany, xii: 225.

Mobile ordnance repair shops, description and functions, v: 350, viii: 294-298.

Moewe, German raider, activities, iv: 197.

Moffat, John, systematizes American war relief, vii: 87; decorated for relief work, vii: 87.

Moffett, Capt. Wm. A., commander of Great Lakes Naval Training Station, iv: 318.

Moltke, German cruiser in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Moltke, Field-Marshal von, views on German strategy, ii: 14.

Moltke, Lieut.-Gen. Helmuth von, biography, ix: 264.

Monarch, Austrian battleship torpedoed by Italians at Trieste, x: 290.

Monastir, evacuated by Serbs, Dec. 3, '15, i: 382; retaken by Allies, Nov. 19, '16, i: 388, iii: 208.

Moncy Wood, captured by 26th Inf., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.

Mondement, Germans driven back at, in first Marne battle, iii: 33.

Mondragon, Gen., of Mexico, designer of self-loading rifle, viii: 90.

Money, effect of unsecured paper money on prices, Intro. viii; inflation chief cause of high prices, Intro. xii, 27; war-time inflation in U. S., Intro. xii; inflation throughout world, Intro. xiii; functions, Intro. xv; standardized dollar as remedy for fluctuating cost of living, Intro. xv; inflation defined, xii: 28; effects of inflation, xii: 29; revaluation of gold standard, xii: 31; see also Prices.

Monfalcone, captured by Italians, June 9, '15, iii: 244.

Monge, French submarine, rammed by Austrian warship, x: 295.

Monitors, revival of discarded naval type, iv: 280; description of British type, iv: 281; service at Dardanelles, iv: 282; service at Trieste, iv: 283; service in Serbia, iv: 283; construction of, iv: 284.

Monmouth, British cruiser, in battle off Coronel, armament, iv: 65; struck during battle, iv: 66; sunk by Nürnberg, iv: 67, ix: 308.

Monneaux, location, v: 133.

Monro, Gen., Sir Charles, sent to India to develop military resources, ii: Intro. xviii; succeeds Gen. Hamilton at Gallipoli, iii: 174; conducts evacuation of Gallipoli, iii: 174.

Monroe Doctrine, barrier against European expansion in America, i:37; interpretation under Roosevelt, i: 84; upheld by Roosevelt against German coercion of Venezuela, i: 86.

Mons, captured by Germans, Aug. 21—23, '14, i: 375; British retreat from, Aug., '14, Viscount French's account, ii: 162; John Buchan's description, iii: 277-281; British gallantry at, xi: 10.

Monsard, taken by Fourth Corps, Sept. 12, '18, v: 206.

Mont Blanc, captured by 2nd Div., v: 393.

Mont Mare Wood, passage by 89th Div., Sept. 12, '18, v: 210.

Mont St. Père-Chartèves, location, v: 133.

Mont St. Quentin, captured by British, Mar. 18, '17, iii: 68.

Mont Sec, dominating position on St. Mihiel sector, v: 65, 116, 199.

Mont Wood, captured by 90th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 264.

Montauban, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Montblainville, captured by 28th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 325.

Montdidier, captured by French, Aug. 11, '18, i: 397; 1st Div. relieves French near, v: 29.

Montdidier-Noyon defensive, by Allies, June 9—15, '18, iii: 94, v: 129, 139-141; conditions leading to German attack, v: 139; Allied use of artillery during, v: 139.

Monte Nero, captured by Italians, iii: 244.

Montecuccoli, Adm., responsible for development of Austrian navy, iv: 364.

Montenegro, declares war on Austria, Aug. 7, '14, i: 375; declares war on Germany, Aug. 10, '14, i: 375; forced to surrender to Austria, Feb., '16, vi: 358-359; joins Jugoslav union, vi: 366; battle deaths, xii: 288.

Montfaucon, German stronghold in Meuse-Argonne sector, v: 78, 218; captured by 79th Div., Sept. 27, '18, v: 224-225.

Montfaucon Wood, captured by 37th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 224.

Montmédy, captured by Germans, Aug. 27, '14, i: 375.

Montmirail, German objective in last drive on Paris, v: 36; headquarters of 28th Div., June, '18, v: 143.

Montrebeau Wood, captured by 1st Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 237.

Montrieul-aux-Lions, headquarters of 2nd Div., June, '18, v: 143.

Moore, Rear-Adm. Sir Archibald, second in command of British in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Morale, Allied and German during winter, '17—'18, v: 1; German, weakened by failure of great offensive, July, '18, v: 53; American, under hardships of Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 87, 232; Allied and German, Sept., '18, v: 213.

Moranville, taken by 322nd Inf., Nov. 9, '18, v: 277.

Morava-Maritza Valley, approach to Constantinople through Serbia, iii: 150.

Moravia, early history, vi: 396; nationalistic aspirations, vi: 396.

Moresnet, ceded to Belgium under Peace Treaty, vi: 89, xii: 188.

Moreuil salient, military operations in, Aug.—Sept., '18, iii: 98; Allied attack on Albert-Montdidier line, iii: 98; Albert captured by British, Aug., '18, iii: 98; British attack on the Scarpe, Sept., '18, iii: 98.

Morgan, Miss Anne, war relief activities, vii: 92.

Morine Wood, captured by 32nd Div., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.

Morocco, French control of, recognized by Great Britain, '04, i: 99, 202; Kaiser's famous speech at Tangier on German policy, Mar., '05, i: 99, 202; European crisis on dispatch of German gunboat Panther to Agadir, July, '11, i: 104, 203; storm center of European diplomacy, i: 202; Prince Lichnowsky's views on German policy, i: 204; German rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 208.

Mort Homme, see Dead Man's Hill; Verdun.

Mortars, see Artillery.

Morton, Maj.-Gen. Charles G., commands 29th Div., June, '18, v: 146; takes command of sector on right bank of Meuse, Oct. 10, '18, v: 246.

Moscow, municipal elections annulled by reactionary Protopopov, '17, vi: 143; Conference called by Kerensky, '17, vi: 167; meeting of Soviet Congress, Mar., '18, vi: 185.

Moselle River, German attempt to enter France through valley of, '14, v: 199.

Mosley, Brig.-Gen. G. Van H., Chief of Co-ordination, G. H. Q., A. E. F., Sept., '17, v: 102.

Motors, airplane, production in U. S., xii: 285; Liberty, production figures, xii: 285.

Motor Transport Corps, U. S., see U. S., Army.

Motor trucks, important function in Verdun defense, iii: 50, viii: 289-291; mobile ordnance repair shops, description and functions, v: 350, v: 294-298; armored cars, viii: 286; Paris buses as war transports, viii: 286; use as ambulances, viii: 287; number in use by belligerents, Aug., '14, viii: 288; number in use at front, June, '15, viii: 288; number shipped to France from U. S., viii: 288, xii: 95, xii: 286; Liberty truck, development and description, viii: 291-294.

Mott, Dr. John R., General Secretary, Y. M. C. A. War Work Council, vii: 261.

Mount Vernon, U. S. transport torpedoed, Sept. 5, '17, iv: 337.

Mousquet, French destroyer sunk by Emden, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 181.

Mouzay, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 9, '18, v: 94, 272.

Mücke, Lieut. Hellmuth von, account of exploits of German raider Emden, iv: 167-187, 190-194.

Mudros, British advance base for Gallipoli campaign, iii: 164, iv: 30.

Mühlon, Dr. William, disclosures of German complicity in forcing War, i: 133-136, 250-254.

Muir, Maj.-Gen. Charles H., commands 28th Div., May, '18, v: 128; in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 220.

Mules, number shipped to France by U. S., xii: 95, xii: 286.

Mülhausen, captured by French, Aug. 8, '14, iii: 16.

Müller, Capt. Karl von, commander of German raider Emden, iv: 166.

Munich, murder of Kurt Eisner and Spartacide uprising in, Feb., '19, vi: 298; Spartacides establish Soviet, vi: 300; Soviet overthrown by Noske, May, '19, vi: 301.

Münsterberg, Prof. Hugo, on "Russian Peril," vi: 250.

Murfin, Capt. O. G., in charge of U. S. Navy mine bases, iv: 325.

Murman Region, Military Government of, established, July, '18, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

Murmansk, fighting between Allies and Bolsheviki at, vi: 187.

Murray, Gen., commands British troops defending Suez, iii: 191.

Mush, captured by Russians, Feb. 18, '16, i: 384, iii: 263; evacuated by Russians, Aug. 8, '16, i: 386.

Mushi, captured by British, Mar. 13, '16, i: 384.

Mustard gas, use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 171-172, xi: 321; use of "Sag Paste," as protection against, v: 324; manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 186.

N

Namazieh Battery, at Gallipoli, iv: 45.

Namur, forts of, constructed, 1890, i: 143; captured by Germans, Aug., '14, i: 375, iii: 14-15.

Nancy, German advance on, checked, Aug., '14, iii: 19; important frontier fortress, v: 199, 215.

Nantillois, captured by 315th Inf., Sept. 28, '18, v: 228.

Napier, Rear-Adm. T. D. W., commander of British 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron at Jutland, iv: 120.

Naples, bombed by German aviators, Mar. 11, '18, i: 395.

Napoleon, Fort, at Gallipoli, bombarded by French battleship Gaulois, Mar. 2, '15, iv: 43.

Narew, Russian Army of the, invades East Prussia, iii: 111.

Narodna Odbrana, Serbian patriotic society, accused of responsibility for murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, i: 112.

Narodni Savetz, Bulgarian patriotic organization, vi: 341.

Narrows, at Dardanelles, defenses of bombarded by Allies, Mar. 5, '15, iv: 45.

Narva, captured by Germans, Mar. 5, '18, i: 393.

Nasarie, taken by British, '15, iii: 181.

Nasmith, Lieut.-Com., captain of British submarine E-11 in Sea of Marmora, iv: 210.

Nasrullah Khan, instigator of Habibullah Khan's assassination, vi: 80.

National Allied Relief Committee, vii: 87; see also War relief.

National anthems, words and histories of, xi: 325-332.

National Council of Austrian Women, peace appeals, '17, vi: 314.

National Guard, U. S., federalized, Aug. 5, '17, i: 390; see also U. S., Army.

National Volunteers, Irish organization enlisted to aid British, vi: 57.

National War Work Council, of American Y. M. C. A., formation, vii: 262; see also Y. M. C. A.

Nationalism, problems of, i: 23; development in Europe since 1648, i: 26; factor in racial unification, v: Intro. viii; growth during 19th century, v: Intro. ix; see also under name of country.

Nations of the world, political positions in 1871, i: 44-60.

Naumann, Friedrich, author of Mittel Europa, statement of German war aims, vi: 258; views on trench frontiers, viii: 126.

Nautilus, submarine invented by Robert Fulton, 1800, iv: 202.

Naval Batteries, U. S., on Western Front, v: 306, viii: 42-45.

Naval power, influence on result of War, i: 13; function as protector of supply routes, i: 15; development as adjunct to colonization, i: 28.

Naval raids, German bombardment of English coast towns, iv: 244-246.

Naval stations, British, around the world, i: 15.

Navarino, battle of, 1827, i: 34.

Navies, see under each country.

Navigation, freedom of, for Allies, over German waterways, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 247-253; Elbe, Oder, Niemen, and Danube internationalized under Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

"Navy Hut," American "Y" center at Brest, vii: 302.

Nazareth, captured by British, Sept. 21, '18, iii: 198.

N-C Flying Boats, development and description, viii: 236-240; N-C-4 first airplane to cross Atlantic, iv: 288, viii: 240.

Near East, European rivalries in, i: 38; German policy, i: 80, 207, ii: 89; see also Balkans; Germany, Foreign policy.

"Near victories," of the War, ii: 206.

Nebraskan, S. S., American steamer attacked by German submarine, May 25, '15, i: 320.

Neibaur, Pvt. Thomas C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Nembo, Italian destroyer, battle with Austrian U-boat, Oct. 16, '16, iv: 369.

Nesle, occupied by French cavalry Mar., '17, iii: 68.

Netherlands, international position in '14, i: 61; refuses to cede Dutch Flanders to Belgium, vi: 89; strength of army, '14, vi: 375, 378; maintains armed neutrality, vi: 375-377; neutrality condemned by British press, vi: 376; effect of submarine warfare on, vi: 377-378; merchant marine seized by Allies, Mar., '18, vi: 378; claims Scheldt and Maestricht Maastricht area, '18, vi: 378; generous host to Belgian refugees, vii: 168-175; war-time increase in shipping, xii: 101.

"Netherlands Overseas Trust," vi: 377.

Neufchateau, training area for 26th and 42nd Divs., v: 6.

Neutrals, increase in shipping, xii: 100; trade with Germany, xii: 100.

Neuve Chapelle, captured by British, Mar. 9—10, '15, i: 378, iii: 41; faulty British generalship at, iii: 375.

Neuve Eglise, captured by British, Sept. 2, '18, i: 397.

Newbolt, Sir Henry, account of Smith-Dorrien's battle at Le Cateau, Aug. 26, '14, ii: 176-182.

New Guinea, German, captured by Australians, '14, vi: 38.

New Mexico, U. S. battleship, propelled by electricity, iv: 322.

New Zealand, war casualties, iii: 404, 405; strength of army, iii: 405; area and population, vi: 37; loyalty to Great Britain, vi: 46; war cost, Aug., '14—Mar., '19, xii: 107, xii: 114; Peace Conference delegates, xii: 179.

New Zealand, British cruiser, in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv 241; in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Niblack, Rear-Adm. Albert P., biography, ix: 295.

Nicaragua, delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Nicholas, Grand Duke, Commander-in-Chief of Russian armies, iii: 119; removed as Commander-in-Chief and sent to Caucasus, Sept., '15, iii: 140, 262; biography, ix: 229-231.

Nicholas, King of Montenegro, surrenders to Austrians, Feb., '16, vi: 359; deposed, vi: 366.

Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, takes personal command of army, Sept., '15, iii: 140, vi: 141; influence of Rasputin over court, vi: 141; issues undated order for dismissal of Duma, '17, vi: 144; abdicates, Mar. 15, '17, vi: 156; biography, ix: 374-376.

Nicholson U. S. destroyer, captures German submarine, iv: 350.

Niemen, Russian Army of the, invades East Prussia, iii: 110.

Niemen River, internationalized by Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

Nietzsche, Friedrich, German apostle of gospel of force, i: 67, ii: 2; striking quotations from, i: 179-180.

Nieuport, captured by Germans, Oct. 24, '14, i: 376.

Nieuport scout planes, viii: 192.

Nightingale, Florence, pioneer army nurse, vii: 11.

1914, by Viscount French, account of military operations of year, summary with extracts, ii: 159-174.

Nish, captured by Bulgars, Nov. 5, '15, i: 382, iii: 158; retaken by Allies, Oct. 13, '18, iii: 213.

Nish-Salonika Railroad, cut by Bulgarians, iii: 158.

Nitrogen, asphyxiating properties, viii: 166.

Nitti, Francesco S., Italian minister, opposes policy of aggrandizement, vi: 366.

Nivelle, Gen. Robert, succeeds Joffre as French Commander-in-Chief, ii: Intro. xx, iii: 62; in supreme command of Allied forces on Western Front, '16, ii: 54; plans campaign of '17, ii: 54; defends Verdun, '16, iii: 54, 61, 310; biography, ix: 167-168.

Nixon, Gen. Sir John, commands British troops in Mesopotamia, iii: 182; responsibility for Mesopotamian failure, iii: 364, 367.

"No Man's Land," definition, v: 17.

Nolan, Brig.-Gen. D. E., Chief of Intelligence (G-2), G. H. Q., A. E. F., Sept., '17, v: 101; in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 221.

Nonsard, captured by 1st Div., Sept. 12, '18, v: 211.

Norman Compensating Foresight, use in range-finding, viii: 211.

North German Confederation, formation, i: 43, ii: 1.

North German Lloyd Line, tonnage and capital, i: 264.

North Pacific Islands, German, acquired by Japan, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

North Sea, Allied mine barrage, iv: Intro. xi, 324-330, viii: 274; problem of belligerents in, iv: 86, 91; German naval raids, iv: 136.

Northern Pacific, S. S., speed record as transport, v: 358.

Norway, pro-Ally sympathies, vi: 394.

Noske, Gen., suppresses Berlin Spartacides, vi: 289; overthrows Munich Soviet, vi: 300-301.

Nottingham, British cruiser, sunk, Aug. 19, '16, i: 386; in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Nouart, captured by 89th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 264.

Novo Georgievsk, Russian attack at, Oct., '14, iii: 126; captured by Germans, Aug., '15, iii: 138.

Noyon, captured by French, Aug. 28, '18, i: 397, ii: 158; occupied by French, March 18, '17, iii: 68; see also Montdidier-Noyon defensive.

Nugent, Gen., commander of 36th Ulster Div., iii: 377.

Nur-el-Bahr, British cruiser sunk off Sollum, Nov. 6, '15, ii: 190.

Nürnberg, German cruiser in battle off Coronel, iv: 65; sunk in battle of Falkland Islands, iv: 70, 74.

Nurses, U. S. Army Nurse Corps, vii: 203; see also Red Cross; War relief.

O

O Patria, O Rei, O Povo, Portuguese national hymn, xi: 329.

Obrenovatz, captured by Austrians, Oct. 18, '15, i: 382.

O'Brien, Lieut. Pat, escape from German prison, x: 257.

Observation balloons, see Aeronautics.

Ocean, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31, 35, 48.

Oches, taken by 77th Div., Nov. 4, '18, v: 266.

Oder River, internationalized by Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

Odessa, importance as military base, iii: 161.

Ogons Wood, captured by A. E. F., Oct. 5, '18, v: 230, 237, 239.

Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning, American soldiers' song, xi: 337.

O'Kelly, J. T., Irish representative to Peace Conference, vi: 65.

Okuma, Count, influence on Japanese foreign policy, vi: 384; biography, ix: 87.

"Old Dutch Cleansers," nickname for 9.2-in. British howitzers, v: 308.

Old Hickory (30th) Division, see U. S., Army.

O'Leary, Jeremiah, pro-German propagandist in U. S., x: 345.

O'Leary, Sgt. Michael, wins Victoria Cross, x: 71.

Oman, acquired by Allies, '13, xii: 279; area and population, xii: 279.

Omsk, capital of All-Russian Government, vi: 191.

Onslow, British destroyer at battle of Jutland, iv: 121.

"Open Door" policy in China, i: 57; see also China.

Opium Convention, Jan. 23, '12, put into force by Peace Treaty, xii: 232.

Opium War, against China, 1840, i: 38.

"Oppy Line," captured by British in Arras battle, iii: 72.

Optical glasses, for A. E. F., viii: 326.

Orange Free State, becomes part of Union of South Africa, 1899, vi: 47; opposition to Great Britain, vi: 50-52; see also South Africa, Union of.

Orders in Council, British, establish blockade of Germany, i: 312, 318, ii: 16, 21; see also Germany, Blockade of.

Orientator, for testing aviators, viii: 356-358.

Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, Italian statesman, forms coalition cabinet, Oct., '17, vi: 129; foreign policy, vi: 362, 366; demands Fiume for Italy, vi: 368; withdraws from Peace Conference on Fiume crisis, vi: 368; biography, ix: 85-87.

Orly, U. S., aircraft factory at, v: 313.

Ornes, captured by Germans, '16, iii: 48.

Orphans, see War relief.

Orsova, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 7, '16, i: 386, iii: 218; evacuated by Rumanians, Nov. 24, '16, i: 389, iii: 222.

Orsova Railway, captured by Germans in Wallachian campaign, iii: 221.

O'Ryan, Maj.-Gen. John F., commander, 27th Div., v: 196, 281; account of history of 27th Div., v: 281-300.

O'Shea, Corp. Thomas E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.

Ossowetz, besieged by Germans, iii: 118, 130; captured, Aug., '15, iii: 138.

Ostend, seat of Belgian government moved to, Oct. 5, '14, i: 376; occupied by Germans, Oct. 13, '14, i: 376, iii: 38; raided by British May, '18, iv: 279; evacuated by Germans, xi: 52.

Ostrovo, Lake, Allied counter-attack against Bulgars at, Sept., '16, iii: 208.

Otranto, British auxiliary cruiser in battle off Coronel, iv: 65.

Ourcq River, crossed by 42nd Div. in pursuit of Germans, July, '18, v: 50, 187; course and topography of region, v: 133; A. E. F. fighting at, commended by Gen. Degoutte, v: 192.

Over There, American soldier song, xi: 336.

Over-There Theater League, organization and activities, vii: 277, 339-342.

Ovillers, captured by Allies in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Oxygen, for gas victims, iii: 320.

Oxygen helmets as defense against poison gas, viii: 173.

P

Paderewski, Ignace Jan, returns to Poland as popular hero, vi: 220; becomes Prime Minister, vi: 223; defeated for presidency, vi: 225; biography, ix: 95-98.

Paës, Dr. Sidonio, President of Portugal, assassinated, Dec., '18, vi: 374.

Paget, Sir Ralph, Chairman, International Sanitary Commission for Serbian typhus relief, iii: 398.

Painlevé, Paul, succeeds Ribot as French premier, '17, vi: 105.

"Pal" regiments, British recruiting device, vi: 6.

Palestine, strategic importance, ii: Intro. xviii, xxi, 87-90; conquered by Gen. Allenby, ii: Intro. xx, 92-94, 218, iii: 192-200, 322-326; capture of Gaza, Mar. 26—27, '17, ii: 92, iii: 192; capture of Jerusalem, Dec. 11, '17, ii: 92, iii: 193-196; description of Allenby's entry, iii: 322-326; British and Turkish manpower, ii: 93, iii: 200; destruction of Turkish army, Sept., '18, ii: 94, 218, iii: 198; Damascus captured, Oct. 1, '18, iii: 199; Aleppo captured, Oct. 25, '18, iii: 200; bibliography, iii: 200; disposition under secret treaties, '16—'17, vi: 334; Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 322; area and population, xii: 279.

Palmer, Frederick, comment on Marne fighting, July, '18, v: 158; tribute to 1st Div., v: 234.

Pan-Germanism, see Germany.

Pan-Slavism, aspirations, i: 244; "Greater Serbia" propaganda, i: 244; fight for control of Ukraine by Russia, vi: 241; Russia aims at annexation of Ruthenia, '14, vi: 241; Bulgaria's attitude toward, vi: 340; see also Slavs.

Panama, declares war on Germany, Apr, 7. '17, i: 389; Peace Conference delegate, xii: 180.

Panama Canal, U. S. gains control of, i: 84.

Pannes, captured by 42nd Div., v: 211.

Panther, German gunboat sent to Agadir, July, '11, i: 104, 203.

Paolucci, Dr., helps Lieut.-Col. Rossetti to sink Austrian warship Viribus Unitis, x: 297-303.

Papacy, relation to Italian government, i: 61.

Papeete, bombarded by German fleet, Sept. 22, '14, iv: 62.

Papen, Capt. Franz von, German Military Attaché in U. S., dismissed for unneutral conduct, i: 276; share in passport frauds, i: 314; activities as arch-spy in U. S., x: 328-329.

Parachutes, use by military balloonists, viii: 260-263.

Parades, first American troops in Paris, July 4, '17, v: 107; Allied troops on Bastille Day in Paris, July 14, '18, v: 147; 27th Div. in New York City, Mar. 25, '19, v: 299.

Parajd, captured by Rumanians, Oct. 5, '16, i: 388.

Paravane, protective device against submarine mine, iv: 313.

Paris, air raids on, Jan. 29—30, '16, i: 384; Mar. 11, '18, i: 395; German advance on, '14, ii: 6, iii: 28, vi: 97; bombarded by long-range gun from St. Gobain Forest, ii: 154, iii: 88, viii: 45-47; welcome to Gen. Pershing, June 13, '17, v: 97; German drive on, May 27—Aug. 6, '18, battles in Marne salient, v: 129-139, 141, 147; parade of Allies, July 14, '18, v: 147; panic in, during German drive, '18, v: 378; May Day rioting, May, '19, vi: 111.

Paris Conference, 1856, guarantees Turkish power in Europe, i: 39.

"Paris Group," organization of, Medical Department, A. E. F., v: 346.

Pasha Dagh, Australian objective in Gallipoli attack, iii: 170; see also Gallipoli Campaign.

Pashitch, Nicholas, Premier of Serbia, negotiations with Italy for settling Adriatic rivalry, vi: 362; biography, ix: 120.

Passchendaele Ridge, captured by British, Oct.—Nov., '17, ii: 56, 79; recaptured by Germans, Apr., '18, iii: 377.

Passenheim, Russians defeated at, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375, iii: 116.

Passport frauds, German activities in U. S., i: 314, x: 333.

Patriotic songs, xi: 332-335.

Patrol boats, work in combating submarines, iv: 292.

Patrolling, training A. E. F. in, v: 117.

Patrols, German system of, in the Vosges, v: 26.

Patterson, Miss Hannah J., awarded D. S. M. for work on Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense, xii: 125.

Pau, Gen. Paul, commands French forces invading Alsace, Aug. 14, '14, iii: 16.

Peace Conference, Paris, U. S. delegates sail for, Dec. 4, '18, i: 400; conciliatory attitude of Austrian delegates, vi: 321; negotiation with Hungarian Soviet, Apr., '19, vi: 326; Fiume crisis, vi: 366-370, xii: 159; prestige of Japanese delegation, vi: 388; dispute over Teschen district, vi: 400; inside story of, by Thos. W. Lamont, financial adviser to U. S. delegation, xii: 149-163; complexity of task, xii: 149; rapidity of work, xii: 149; open diplomacy, xii: 149; Supreme Council, members and method of evolving Peace Treaty, xii: 150-153; "Big Four," xii: 150, xii: 152; "Big Three," xii: 150; Conference procedure, xii: 156; commissions, xii: 156; delays, xii: 156; language difficulties, xii: 157; Reparations Commission, organization and work, xii: 158, xii: 219-221; Shantung controversy, xii: 160; Germans excluded from negotiation, xii: 161; Belgian demands, xii: 161; signing of Peace Treaty with Germany, ceremonies, xii: 165-169; list of delegates, xii: 179-182; see also Peace Treaty with Germany, Versailles, '19.

Peace moves, President Wilson asks belligerents to state war aims, Dec. 18, '16, i: 335; response to Wilson's note, i: 336; Wilson's "Peace without victory" speech, i: 336; Pope Benedict's appeal, Aug. 15, '17, i: 390, ix: 405; Germany accepts Pope's offer, Sept. 21, '17, i: 390; text of letter from Emperor Charles of Austria-Hungary to Prince Sixtus making secret offer of peace, Mar., '17, ii: 63; German attempts in '16 and '17 fail, ii: 270, 316, vi: 263; German moves condemned by Ludendorff, ii: 303; Kaiser orders proposals through Queen of Holland, ii: 331; Russian Provisional Government urges Allies to revise peace aims, May, '17, vi: 161; German Socialists demand peace without annexations, '15, vi: 258; Bethmann-Hollweg proposes peace of understanding, '16—'17, vi: 262; German popular demand for "peace without annexations or indemnities," vi: 266-268; Emperor Charles forces offer by Teutonic allies, Dec. 12, '16, vi: 313; demonstrations in Sofia, vi: 346; see also Armistice; and under each country.

Peace Treaty with Germany, Versailles, '19, criticism by British liberal press, vi: 22; terms presented to Germans, May 7, '19, vi: 302, xii: 161; condemned by German press, vi: 302-304; Germany consents to sign, June 22, '19, vi: 304, xii: 163; how drafted, described by Thos. W. Lamont, financial adviser to U. S. delegation, xii: 149-161; text, work of technicians, xii: 150; French demands, xii: 153; evolution of Covenant of League of Nations, xii: 155; Belgian demands, xii: 161; ceremonies of signing, xii: 165-169; analysis by Geo. W. Wickersham, xii: 170-178; signed June 28, '19, xii: 179; text in full, xii: 179-263; preamble, giving list of nations allied against Germany, and their delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 179-182; League of Nations, text of Covenant, xii: 182-185; boundaries of Germany, xii: 186; provisions concerning Luxemburg, xii: 189; demolition of German fortifications, xii: 189, xii: 205, xii: 211, xii: 214; Sarre Basin settlement, xii: 189-194; Alsace-Lorraine, provisions for return to France, xii: 194-197; Germany acknowledges independence of Austria, xii: 197; provisions for independence of Czechoslovak State, xii: 197; independence and boundaries of Poland, xii: 198-200; plebiscite for East Prussia, xii: 200; provisions concerning Memel, xii: 203; Danzig made free city, xii: 203; plebiscite provisions for Schleswig, xii: 204; Heligoland, destruction of fortifications on, xii: 205; provisions concerning Russo-German relations, xii: 205; Brest-Litovsk Treaties abrogated, xii: 205; German colonies surrendered to Allies, xii: 206; German rights in China surrendered, xii: 206; German rights in Siam surrendered, xii: 208; German rights in Liberia surrendered, xii: 208; German rights in Morocco surrendered, xii: 208; German rights in Egypt surrendered, xii: 208; Shantung (Kiau-Chau) transferred to Japan, xii: 209; reduction of German army and military equipment, xii: 209-212; universal military service abolished in Germany, xii: 211; new German army, table of organization for, xii: 212; German navy, surrender and reduction, xii: 212-214; German wireless stations, regulation by Allies, xii: 214; German military air service abolished, xii: 214; existing German air service surrendered to Allies, xii: 215; Interallied Commissions of Control to supervise execution of military terms, xii: 215; repatriation of prisoners of war, xii: 216; war graves, care of, xii: 217; punishment of Germans guilty of war crimes, xii: 217; reparation terms imposed on Germany, xii: 217-225; Reparation Commission, formation and functions, xii: 219-221; shipping, restitution for Allied shipping sunk, xii: 222; reconstruction, German obligations, xii: 223; coal, German deliveries to France, Belgium, Italy, xii: 224; dyestuffs, German deliveries to Allies, xii: 224; submarine cables, German, surrendered to Allies, xii: 225; trophies of war, return of, to France by Germany, xii: 225; Koran of Caliph Othman, return of, by Germany to King of Hedjaz, xii: 225; Sultan Mkwawa, skull of, return by Germany to Great Britain, xii: 225; Louvain, University of, restoration by Germany of books destroyed, xii: 225; art objects, carried by Germans from Belgium, restoration of, xii: 225; gold, restriction on German export of, xii: 226; Armies of Occupation, Allied, in Germany, expense to be borne by Germany, xii: 226; ceded territories, share in German national debt, xii: 226; Alsace-Lorraine, exempt from share in German national debt, xii: 226; Poland, share in German national debt, xii: 227; international concessions, surrender by Germany of rights in, xii: 228; gold, deliveries of, by Germany to Allies, xii: 228; customs duties, regulations imposed on Germany, xii: 229; privileges for Allied shipping to be granted by Germany, xii: 230; trade competition, Germany to suppress unfair methods, xii: 230; Allied nationals, treatment of, by Germany, xii: 230; pre-War treaties between Allies and Germany revived, xii: 231; treaties among Teutonic allies abrogated, xii: 232; treaties between Germany and Russia abrogated, xii: 232; treaties between Germany and Rumania abrogated, xii: 232; Opium Convention, Jan, 23, '12, put into force, xii: 232; debts, between German and Allied nationals, methods of payment, xii: 232-236; property rights of Allied nationals confiscated by Germany, methods of restitution, xii: 236-240; contracts, between German and Allied nationals, status and methods of discharge, xii: 240-243; Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, establishment and functions, xii: 243; literary rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246; artistic rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246; industrial rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246; ceded territories, social insurance funds of, to be transferred to Allies by Germany, xii: 246; aerial navigation, rules for, xii: 246; freedom of transit, for Allied goods and nationals through Germany, xii: 247, xii: 253; ports, Allied, discrimination against, by Germany forbidden, xii: 247; navigation, Allied, over German waterways, xii: 247-253; Elbe, internationalized, xii: 248; Oder, internationalized, xii: 248; Niemen, internationalized, xii: 248; Danube, internationalized, xii: 248; Rhine, international control and rules for navigation, xii: 250-253; use of northern German ports by Czechoslovak State, xii: 253; German railways, provisions relating to, xii: 253; Kiel Canal, rules of navigation through, xii: 255; labor, international organization for improving conditions of, xii: 255-261; guarantees for execution, exacted from Germany, xii: 261; Armies of Occupation, conditions for withdrawal, xii: 261; Savoy, neutralized zone of, provisions concerning, xii: 262; German Christian missions, continuity guaranteed, xii: 263; prize courts, provision concerning decisions of, xii: 263; signed, June 28, '19, xii: 264; ratified by Germany, July 10, '19, xii: 264; ratified by Great Britain, July 25—31, '19, xii: 264; ratified by King of Italy, Oct. 7, '19, xii: 264; ratified by France, Oct. 13, '19, xii: 264; ratified by Japan, Oct. 27, '19, xii: 264; U. S. Senate opposition to, xii: 264-278; Fall amendments to, defeated in U. S. Senate, Oct. 2, '19, xii: 264; original Lodge reservations defeated in U. S. Senate, Nov. 19, '19, xii: 265-266; original Lodge reservations, text, xii: 265; defeated in U. S. Senate for second time, Mar. 19, '20, xii: 266-269; Pres. Wilson's opinion on Lodge reservations, xii: 267; revised Lodge reservations, text, xii: 269; efforts of Congress to declare peace by joint resolution in substitution for, xii: 271-278; Knox Resolution, xii: 273, xii: 277; President Wilson's message vetoing Knox Resolution, xii: 278.

Pearce, Padraic, Provisional President of Irish Republic, vi: 60, ix: 53.

Peck, Pvt. Archie A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.

Penang harbor, attacked by Emden, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 178.

People's Relief Committee, for Jewish relief, formation, vii: 354.

Pepper Hill, at Verdun, attacked by Germans, Apr. 18, '16, iii: 52, 304.

Periscope, description, viii: 165, xi: 245.

Perkins, Pvt. Michael J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 391.

Permanent Blind Relief War Fund, organization and activities, vii: 255-259.

Péronne, French objective in Somme battle, iii: 55; captured by British, Mar. 18, '17, iii: 68.

Péronne-Ham sector, Allied drive on, Sept., '18, ii: 158.

Pershing, Gen. John J., offers A. E. F. to Foch, Mar. 28, '18, v: 30, 120, 380, ix: 153; sails for Europe, May, '17, v: 97; reception in England, June, '17, v: 97; reception in France, June, '17, v: 97; reasons for selection of American Army zone, '18, v: 110; farewell speech to 1st Div., Chaumont-en-Vixen, Apr., '18, v: 121; urges attack with A. E. F., July, '18, v: 158; extract from report on Aisne-Marne Offensive, July, '18, v: 182; assumes tactical command of American forces in battle area, v: 192, 384, ix: 205; extract from report on St. Mihiel attack, v: 212; starts Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 213; extract from report on preparation for Meuse-Argonne attack, v: 218; divides A. E. F. combat units into two Armies, Oct. 9, '18, v: 246, 390; personal message to each soldier in A. E. F., v: 353; official report on A. E. F., v: 373-404; appeal to War Dept. for troops, Dec., '17, v: 373; insists on independent American Army in France, v: 385; Alsatian ancestry, ix: 166; origin of name, ix: 166; biography, ix: 199-210.

Pershing Stadium, vii: 313.

Persia, divided into " spheres of influence" by Anglo-Russian agreement, '07, i: 104, vi: 335; sympathy with Turkey, vi: 330; pro-German sentiment, vi: 336-337; Great Britain in control, '19, vi: 338.

Persia, S. S., British merchantman, sunk in Mediterranean, Dec. 30, '15, i: 384; eye-witness account, iv: 224.

Peru, dispute with Chile over Tacna-Arica district, vi: 390; delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe, defender of Verdun, ii: 189, iii: 50, 54, 304, xi: 22; eulogy of, by Gen. Malleterre, ii: 220; biography, ix: 164-166.

Peter I, King of Serbia, accompanies his nation in retreat, iii: 281, 284; reënters Belgrade, Dec. 15, '14, iii: 397; foreign policy, vi: 355; biography, ix. 398-399.

Petrograd, food shortage in, vi: 141; workmen's delegates on War Industrial Committee arrested, vi: 143; during the Revolution, vi: 144-153.

Petroseny, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 1, '16, i: 386.

Peuvillers, captured by 128th Inf. Regt., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.

Peyton, Maj.-Gen., British commander in western Egypt, iii: 191.

Pflanzer, Gen. von, Austrian commander in Bukovina, iii: 132.

Philippines, acquired by U. S., i: 56.

Phillipeville, bombarded by Goeben, Aug. 4, '14, iv: 14.

Phonotelemeter, description of, viii: 20.

Phosgene (Carbonyl chloride), use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 168-170; manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 184.

Photography in war, work of U. S. Signal Corps, v: 319; use in artillery range-finding, viii: 14; value of aerial photography, viii: 226, 331; types of aerial cameras, viii: 228, 332-334; De Ram automatic camera for aerial photography, viii: 228, 333; work of U. S. aerial photographers, viii: 228, 235; personnel of Photographic Section, U. S. Air Service, viii: 234; future, viii: 234; making pictorial history of War, viii: 329-331; production of photographic supplies by U. S., viii: 355; mobile developing laboratories, viii: 335; see also Aerial photography.

Piave River, Italian stand at, after Caporetto rout, ii: 58, 250, iii: 248.

Picardy Front, German choice for final drive, '18, ii: 69; advantages of, for German offensive, '18, ii: 69.

Pichon, Stephen, French Foreign Minister, speech before Chamber of Deputies on secret Entente agreements of '16—'17, vi: 334.

Pigeons, war uses, v: 239, 319, viii: 328.

Pike, Lieut.-Col. Emory J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.

Pill-boxes, description, iii: 79, viii: 130; battle tactics in use of, viii: 130-133.

Pilsudski, Gen. Joseph, leads Polish troops against Russia, vi: 202; jailed by Germans, vi: 214; assumes dictatorship of Poland, vi: 219; dictatorship not recognized by Allies, vi: 222; Minister of Foreign Affairs in Paderewski cabinet, vi: 223; becomes president of Polish Republic, vi: 225; biography, ix: 92-95.

Pirot, occupied by Bulgars, Oct. 28, '15, i: 382.

Pistols, Schwarzlose automatic pistol, mechanism, viii: 90; use as military weapon, viii: 116-117.

"Place in the sun," speech by Kaiser, '01, i: 95; definition of phrase, ii: 27; German control of Balkans as means of attaining, ii: 27.

Plava, captured by Italians June 10, '15, i: 380, iii: 244.

Players, The, poem by Francis Bickley, ix: 290.

Pleinchamps Farm, captured by 28th Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 239.

Ploechti, captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222.

Plumer, Gen. Sir Herbert, commander of British Second Army, ii: 214; a great military chief, iii: 375; offensive in Flanders, Sept., '18, v: 213.

Plunkett, Rear-Adm. Chas. P., commander of U. S. Naval Railway Batteries on Western Front, v: 306, viii: 45.

Plunkett, Sir Horace, Irish leader, chairman of Irish Convention, '18, vi: 62.

Plymouth, England, U. S. subchaser base, iv: 359.

Poincaré, Raymond, President of French Republic, biography, ix: 14-19; bibliography, ix: 19.

Points d'Appui, definition, v: 13.

Pola, Italian naval raid on, Nov. 2, '16, iv: 369; Italians sink Austrian dreadnought at, May 14, '18, iv: 372; Austrian dreadnought Viribus Unitis blown up by Italians at, Nov. 1, '18, x: 297-303.

Poland, topography, iii: 106-108; German invasion of, and unsuccessful attacks on Warsaw, Sept., '14—Feb., '15, iii: 116-118, 124-127, 128-132; Austrian invasion of, iii: 118-120; conquered by Austro-German forces, July—Sept., '15, iii: 137-141, vi: 311; battle of the Salients, July, '15, iii: 138; Warsaw captured by Germans, Aug. 4, '15, iii: 138; civilian deaths due to war-time privation, iii: 406; early history and pre-War condition, vi: 201; Russian promise of autonomy, '14, vi: 201; Austrian Poles support Central Powers, vi: 202; Poles under Pilsudski fight against Russia, vi: 202; war-time destitution in, vi: 204-210; German reforms in, vi: 208; German policy, vi: 210-213; Germany promises reëstablishment of Polish Kingdom, Nov. 5, '16, vi: 210; Germany demands Polish troops, vi: 213; freed by Russian Revolution, vi: 213; Germany sets up Regency, vi: 214; denied representation at Brest-Litovsk by Germany, vi: 214; revolt against Teuton domination, '18, vi: 216; capture of Lemberg from Ruthenians, Nov. 5, '18, vi: 217; proclamation of Republic, vi: 218-219; Pilsudski becomes dictator, Nov., '18, vi: 219; Germans expelled, Dec., '18, vi: 220; political struggle between classes, vi: 220; Conservatives support Paderewski, vi: 220; Warsaw Revolt against Pilsudski fails, vi: 220-222; war against Bolsheviki, vi: 222-224; war with Ukraine over Cholm, vi: 222, 248; dispute with Czechs over Teschen, vi: 222, 400; compromise cabinet of Paderewski and Pilsudski, Feb. 9, '19, vi: 223; Provisional Government recognized by Allies, Feb., '19, vi: 225; Pilsudski elected President, vi: 225; claims for Danzig, vi: 225; Peace Treaty provisions for independence and boundaries of, vi: 226, xii: 18-200; American war relief for Jews in, vii: 356-358, 360-363, 375; value of property loss, xii: 26; Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180; share in German national debt, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 227; area and population, xii: 279.

Political parties, see under countries.

Pommern, German battleship torpedoed by British submarine E-9, July 2, '15, iv: 208.

Pont-à-Mousson, on Toul-St. Mihiel sector, v: 65, 116, 119.

Pontoons, viii: 299-300.

Pontoporros, auxiliary to German raider Emden, iv: 172.

Pope, see Benedict XV.

Pope, Corp. Thomas A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397;

Poperinghe line, British-American line of defense in Flanders, v: 287, 289.

Population, decrease in births due to War, iii: 406; effects of War on, xii: 25.

Port Arthur, seized by Russia from China, i: 20; acquired by Japan, i: 20; 11-in. siege guns first used by Japanese at, viii: 34.

Ports, French, selected for A. E. F. use, '18, v: 110; Allied, Peace Treaty provisions against discrimination by Germany, xii: 247.

Portugal, international position in '14, i: 62; rout of army before German offensive, Apr., '18, ii: 153, iii: 91, vi: 374; war casualties, iii: 404, v: 364; prisoners of war, iii: 404; internal strife, vi: 372-375; enters War as British ally, vi: 373; President Paës assassinated, Dec. '18, vi: 374; Royalist uprising suppressed, '19, vi: 375; money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25; Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180.

Posen, revolt of Polish population against Germany, vi: 225; awarded to Poland by Peace Conference, vi: 226.

Potash, German boycott of U. S., xii: 98.

Potatoes, world production by countries, xii: 47; as food, xii: 47; German system of drying and crushing, xii: 47.

Potsdam Conference of German war leaders, July 5, '14, i: 136; decision for war, i: 249.

Potts, Pvt. Frederick, wins Victoria Cross at Gallipoli, x: 138.

Powder, see Ammunition.

Power plants, built by A. E. F. Engineer Corps, v: 333.

Pozières, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Prague, meeting of Czechoslovak representatives at, Apr. 2, '18, vi: 398.

Prauthory, Haute-Marne, headquarters, 32nd Div., Feb., '18, v: 119.

President Lincoln, U. S. transport, sunk, May 31, '18, i: 395, iv: 337; eye-witness account, iv: 340.

Press: Austria-Hungary, Tageblatt demands war, '14, vi: 306; Hungarian journals support war, vi: 307; Pester Lloyd for war, '14, vi: 308; Oesterreichische Rundschau attacks Italy, '15, vi: 310; Vossische Zeitung on strikes, Jan., '18, vi: 314; Arbeiter Zeitung, radical organ, vi: 315; Arbeiter Zeitung on peace terms, vi: 322; Has Haroda on Czech loyalty, '14, vi: 396. Bulgaria, statement against Russia by Kambana, June, '15, vi: 342. Germany, Militärische Rundschau advocates immediate war, '14, vi: 249; Socialist organ Vorwärts supports Kaiser, vi: 249; Liller Kriegszeitung preaches hate of England, vi: 252; optimistic attitude of Frankfurter Zeitung, Nov., '14, vi: 253; Maximilian Harden ridicules in Zukunft talk of German starvation, vi: 254; alarm over prospects of starvation, '15, vi: 255; submarine warfare urged, vi: 256, 265; on German successes, '15, vi: 258; Vorwärts demands statement of peace aims, vi: 258; Frankfurter Zeitung on seriousness of Allied blockade, '15—'16, vi: 261; Vorwärts on food shortage, vi: 261; demand war to finish, '17, vi: 264; gospel of hate against England, vi: 264-265; Taglische Rundschau on German demoralization, Dec., '18, vi: 284; Vorwärts on industrial unrest, Dec., '18, vi: 286; comments on Ebert as President, vi: 293; on peace terms, vi: 302-304; Maximilian Harden on peace terms, vi: 303. Great Britain, condemns Dutch neutrality, vi: 376. Italy, Corriere della Sera and Secolo advocate conciliation with Jugoslavs, vi: 362. Serbia, expressions of hatred for Austria-Hungary by Politika, Mali Journal, Balkan, Zastava, vi: 356; Samouprava denounces Italian treaty, '15, vi: 361. Turkey, Ikdamfor war, vi: 330; Tanineon Dardanelles expedition vi: 330; Hillalacclaims victory, '15, vi: 331. United States, attitude on U. S. neutrality, i: 308; on Lusitania sinking, i: 319; on Arabic torpedoing, i: 322; on German indemnity, xii: 24.

Pressel, Dr. Wilhelm von, builds first spur of Bagdad railway, 1871, ii: 291.

Pressure gauges, on airplanes, viii: 220.

"Preventive arrests," for suppressing pacifist agitation in Germany, vi: 262.

Prices, analysis of, by Prof. Irving Fisher, xii: Intro. vii-xvii; high cost of living as result of War, xii: Intro. vii, xii: 143; index numbers, xii: Intro. vii; rise in U. S., '13—'19, xii: Intro. vii-viii; influence of unsecured paper money on, xii: Intro. viii; chart of price movements in U. S. and England since 1780, xii: Intro. viii; before and after great wars of history, xii: Intro. ix; percent. rise in warring countries, xii: Intro. x; present high level not due to scarcity, xii: Intro. x; inflation as cause of high prices, xii: Intro. xii, xii: 27; countries arranged in order of high prices, xii: Intro. xii-xiii; extent of currency inflation, xii: Intro. xiii; high cost of living as breeder of Bolshevism, xii: Intro. xiii-xiv; purchasing power of wages, '13—'18, xii: Intro. xiv; remedies for high cost of living, xii: Intro. xiv-xv; standardized dollar as remedy for fluctuation in, xii: Intro. xv; effect of wars on, xii: 27; reduced production as cause of high prices, xii: 27, xii: 38-40; "fair price" lists, xii: 54; rise in U. S., '14—'18, xii: 56-59; present, compared with Civil War days, xii: 57, xii: 75; effects of government control in Great Britain, xii: 59; government control in U. S., xii: 59; see also Cost of living, under name of country.

Prilep, captured by Bulgars, Nov. 17, '15, i: 382; occupied by Allies, Sept. 26, '18, i: 397.

Primers, composition and explosive properties, viii: 6.

Prince George, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Prince, Norman, member Lafayette Escadrille, death, iii: 391.

Princes' Island, conference of Russian factions at, fails, vi: 188.

Princess Royal, British cruiser, in Battle of Jutland, iv: 108; in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Principles of War, treatise by Marshal Foch, ii: 80, 104, ix: 152.

Prinz Eitel Friedrich, German raider, puts into Hampton Roads for repairs, Mar. 10, '15, i: 378; interned by U. S., Apr. 7, '15, i: 378.

Priority system, among U. S. industries during War, xii: 73-75.

Pripet marshes, Russian offensive against Austria, June, '16, ii: 42; description, iii: 108.

Prisoners of war, classified by countries, iii: 404; work of Swiss Red Cross for, vi: 380; work of American Y. M. C. A. for, vii: 302-310; Crown Princess of Sweden's work for, vii: 308; Peace Treaty provisions for repatriation of, xii: 216. Austria-Hungary, captured by Serbs, description of, iii: 395; humane treatment by Serbs, iii: 400; total lost in War, iii: 404. French, diary describing life in German prison, iii: 300; total lost in War, iii: 404. German, captured in Somme battle, iii: 60; in battle of Cambrai, iii: 82; in St. Mihiel drive, iii: 99, v: 71, 207; during Allied drive, July—Nov., '18, iii: 103; total in War, iii: 404; at Cantigny, v: 33; taken by A. E. F. in Marne salient, July, '18, v: 56; first capture by A. E. F., v: 113; clothed by U. S. Salvage Service, v: 331; captured in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 394; total captured by A. E. F., xii: 288. Russian, sufferings of, in German prison camp, iii: 300; total lost in War, iii: 404. Turkish, captured by British in Palestine campaign, ii: 94, iii: 199; total lost in War, iii: 404. United States, first captured by Germans, iii: 84; total lost in War, iii: 404; work of American Red Cross for, vii: 37-39, 71. See also under battle or campaign; countries.