Prefatory Material

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

Page

Synopsis of Contents iii

Explanatory List of Illustrations xvi

The Book of Marco Polo

Appendices 503

Index 607

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.

BOOK SECOND—(Continued).

PART II.

Journey to the West and South-West of Cathay.

Chap. Page

XXXV. —Here begins the Description of the Interior of Cathay; and first of the River Pulisanghin 3

Notes.—1. Marco’s Route. 2. The Bridge Pul-i-sangin, or Lu-ku-k’iao.

XXXVI. —Account of the City of Juju 10

Notes.—1. The Silks called Sendals. 2. Chochau. 3. Bifurcation of Two Great Roads at this point.

XXXVII. —The Kingdom of Taianfu 12

Notes.—1. Acbaluc. 2. T’ai-yuan fu. 3. Grape-wine of that place. 4. P’ing-yang fu.

XXXVIII. —Concerning the Castle of Caichu. the Golden King and Prester John 17

Notes.—1. The Story and Portrait of the Roi d’Or. 2. Effeminacy reviving in every Chinese Dynasty.

XXXIX. —How Prester John treated the Golden King his Prisoner 21

XL. —Concerning the Great River Caramoran and the City of Cachanfu 22

Notes.—1. The Kará Muren. 2. Former growth of silk in Shan-si and Shen-si. 3. The akché or asper.

XLI. —Concerning the City of Kenjanfu 24

Notes.—1. Morus alba. 2. Geography of the Route since Chapter XXXVIII. 3. Kenjanfu or Si-ngan fu; the Christian monument there. 4. Prince Mangala.

XLII. —Concerning the Province of Cuncun, which is right wearisome to travel through 31

Note.—The Mountain Road to Southern Shen-si.

XLIII. —Concerning the Province of Acbalec Manzi 33

Notes.—1. Geography, and doubts about Acbalec. 2. Further Journey into Sze-ch’wan.

XLIV. —Concerning the Province of Sindafu 36

Notes.—1. Ch’êng-tu fu. 2. The Great River or Kiang. 3. The word Comercque. 4. The Bridge-Tolls. 5. Correction of Text.

XLV. —Concerning the Province of Tebet 42

Notes.—1. The Part of Tibet and events referred to. 2. Noise of burning bamboos. 3. Road retains its desolate character. 4. Persistence of eccentric manners illustrated. 5. Name of the Musk animal.

XLVI. —Further Discourse concerning Tebet 49

Notes.—1. Explanatory. 2. “Or de Paliolle.” 3. Cinnamon. 4. 5. Great Dogs, and Beyamini oxen.

XLVII. —Concerning the Province of Caindu 53

Notes.—1. Explanation from Ramusio. 2. Pearls of Inland Waters. 3. Lax manners. 4. Exchange of Salt for Gold. 5. Salt currency. 6. Spiced Wine. 7. Plant like the Clove, spoken of by Polo. Tribes of this Tract.

XLVIII. —Concerning the Province of Carajan 64

Notes.—1. Geography of the Route between Sindafu or Ch’êng-tu fu, and Carajan or Yun-nan. 2. Christians and Mahomedans in Yun-nan. 3. Wheat. 4. Cowries. 5. Brine-spring. 6. Parallel.

XLIX. —Concerning a further part of the Province of Carajan 76

Notes.—1. City of Talifu. 2. Gold. 3. Crocodiles. 4. Yun-nan horses and riders. Arms of the Aboriginal Tribes. 5. Strange superstition and parallels.

L. —Concerning the Province of Zardandan 84

Notes.—1. Carajan and Zardandan. 2. The Gold-Teeth. 3. Male Indolence. 4. The Couvade. (See App. L. 8.) 5. Abundance of Gold. Relation of Gold to Silver. 6. Worship of the Ancestor. 7. Unhealthiness of the climate. 8. Tallies. 9.–12. Medicine-men or Devil-dancers; extraordinary identity of practice in various regions.

LI. —Wherein is related how the King of Mien and Bangala vowed vengeance against the Great Kaan 98

Notes.—1. Chronology. 2. Mien or Burma. Why the King may have been called King of Bengal also. 3. Numbers alleged to have been carried on elephants.

LII. —Of the Battle that was fought by the Great Kaan’s Host and his Seneschal against the King of Mien 101

Notes.—1. Nasruddin. 2. Cyrus’s Camels. 3. Chinese Account of the Action. General Correspondence of the Chinese and Burmese Chronologies.

LIII. —Of the Great Descent that leads towards the Kingdom of Mien 106

Notes.—1. Market-days. 2. Geographical difficulties.

LIV. —Concerning the City of Mien, and the Two Towers that are therein, one of Gold, and the other of Silver 109

Notes.—1. Amien. 2. Chinese Account of the Invasion of Burma. Comparison with Burmese Annals. The City intended. The Pagodas. 3. Wild Oxen.

LV. —Concerning the Province of Bangala 114

Notes.—1. Polo’s view of Bengal; and details of his account illustrated. 2. Great Cattle.

LVI. —Discourses of the Province of Caugigu 116

Note.—A Part of Laos. Papesifu. Chinese Geographical Etymologies.

LVII. —Concerning the Province of Anin 119

Notes.—1. The Name. Probable identification of territory. 2. Textual.

LVIII. —Concerning the Province of Coloman 122

Notes.—1. The Name. The Kolo-man. 2. Natural defences of Kwei-chau.

LIX. —Concerning the Province of Cuiju 124

Notes.—1. Kwei-chau. Phungan-lu. 2. Grass-cloth. 3. Tigers. 4. Great Dogs. 5. Silk. 6. Geographical Review of the Route since Chapter LV. 7. Return to Juju.

BOOK SECOND. (Continued.)

PART III.

Journey Southward through Eastern Provinces of Cathay and Manzi.

LX. —Concerning the Cities of Cacanfu and Changlu 132

Notes.—1. Pauthier’s Identifications. 2. Changlu. The Burning of the Dead ascribed to the Chinese.

LXI. —Concerning the City of Chinangli, and that of Tadinfu, and the Rebellion of Litan 135

Notes.—1. T’si-nan fu. 2. Silk of Shan-tung. 3. Title Sangon. 4. Agul and Mangkutai. 5. History of Litan’s Revolt.

LXII. —Concerning the Noble City of Sinjumatu 138

Note.—The City intended. The Great Canal.

LXIII. —Concerning the Cities of Linju and Piju 140

Notes.—1. Linju. 2. Piju.

LXIV. —Concerning the City of Siju, and the Great River Caramoran 141

Notes.—1. Siju. 2. The Hwang-Ho and its changes. 3. Entrance to Manzi; that name for Southern China.

LXV. —How the Great Kaan conquered the Province of Manzi 144

Notes.—1. Meaning and application of the title Faghfur. 2. Chinese self-devotion. 3. Bayan the Great Captain. 4. His lines of Operation. 5. The Juggling Prophecy. 6. The Fall of the Sung Dynasty. 7. Exposure of Infants, and Foundling Hospitals.

LXVI. —Concerning the City of Coiganju 151

Note.—Hwai-ngan fu.

LXVII. —Of the Cities of Paukin and Cayu 152

Note.—Pao-yng and Kao-yu.

LXVIII. —Of the Cities of Tiju, Tinju, and Yanju 153

Notes.—1. Cities between the Canal and the Sea. 2. Yang-chau. 3. Marco Polo’s Employment at this City.

LXIX. —Concerning the City of Nanghin 157

Note.—Ngan-king.

LXX. —Concerning the very Noble City of Saianfu, and how its Capture was effected 158

Notes.—1. and 2. Various Readings. 3. Digression on the Military Engines of the Middle Ages. 4. Mangonels of Cœur de Lion. 5. Difficulties connected with Polo’s Account of this Siege.

LXXI. —Concerning the City of Sinju and the Great River Kian 170

Notes.—1. I-chin hien. 2. The Great Kiang. 3. Vast amount of tonnage on Chinese Waters. 4. Size of River Vessels. 5. Bamboo Tow-lines. 6. Picturesque Island Monasteries.

LXXII. —Concerning the City of Caiju 174

Notes.—1. Kwa-chau. 2. The Grand Canal and Rice-Transport. 3. The Golden Island.

LXXIII. —Of the City of Chinghianfu 176

Note.—Chin-kiang fu. Mar Sarghis, the Christian Governor.

LXXIV. —Of the City of Chinginju and the Slaughter of certain Alans there 178

Notes.—1. Chang-chau. 2. Employment of Alans in the Mongol Service. 3. The Chang-chau Massacre. Mongol Cruelties.

LXXV. —Of the Noble City of Suju 181

Notes.—1. Su-chau. 2. Bridges of that part of China. 3. Rhubarb; its mention here seems erroneous. 4. The Cities of Heaven and Earth. Ancient incised Plan of Su-chau. 5. Hu-chau, Wu-kiang, and Kya-hing.

LXXVI. —Description of the Great City of Kinsay, which is the Capital of the whole Country of Manzi 185

Notes.—1. King-szé now Hang-chau. 2. The circuit ascribed to the City; the Bridges. 3. Hereditary Trades. 4. The Si-hu or Western Lake. 5. Dressiness of the People. 6. Charitable Establishments. 7. Paved roads. 8. Hot and Cold Baths. 9. Kanp’u, and the Hang-chau Estuary. 10. The Nine Provinces of Manzi. 11. The Kaan’s Garrisons in Manzi. 12. Mourning costume. 13. 14. Tickets recording inmates of houses.

LXXVII. —[Further Particulars concerning the Great City of Kinsay.] 200

(From Ramusio only.)

Notes.—1. Remarks on these supplementary details. 2. Tides in the Hang-chau Estuary. 3. Want of a good Survey of Hang-chau. The Squares. 4. Marco ignores pork. 5. Great Pears: Peaches. 6. Textual. 7. Chinese use of Pepper. 8. Chinese claims to a character for Good Faith. 9. Pleasure-parties on the Lake. 10. Chinese Carriages. 11. The Sung Emperor. 12. The Sung Palace. Extracts regarding this Great City from other mediæval writers, European and Asiatic. Martini’s Description.

LXXVIII. —Treating of the Yearly Revenue that the Great Kaan hath from Kinsay 215

Notes.—1. Textual. 2. Calculations as to the values spoken of.

LXXIX. —Of the City of Tanpiju and others 218

Notes.—1. Route from Hang-chau southward. 2. Bamboos. 3. Identification of places. Chang-shan the key to the route.

LXXX. —Concerning the Kingdom of Fuju 224

Notes.—1. “Fruit like Saffron.” 2. 3. Cannibalism ascribed to Mountain Tribes on this route. 4. Kien-ning fu. 5. Galingale. 6. Fleecy Fowls. 7. Details of the Journey in Fo-kien and various readings. 8. Unken. Introduction of Sugar-refining into China.

LXXXI. —Concerning the Greatness of the City of Fuju 231

Notes.—1. The name Chonka, applied to Fo-kien here. Cayton or Zayton. 2. Objections that have been made to identity of Fuju and Fu-chau. 3. The Min River.

LXXXII. —Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton 234

Notes.—1. The Camphor Laurel. 2. The Port of Zayton or T’swan-chau; Recent objections to this identity. Probable origin of the word Satin. 3. Chinese Consumption of Pepper. 4. Artists in Tattooing. 5. Position of the Porcelain manufacture spoken of. Notions regarding the Great River of China. 6. Fo-kien dialects and variety of spoken language in China. 7. From Ramusio.

BOOK THIRD.

Japan, the Archipelago, Southern India, and the Coasts and Islands of the Indian Sea.

Chap. Page

I. —Of the Merchant Ships of Manzi that sail upon the Indian Seas 249

Notes.—1. Pine Timber. 2. Rudder and Masts. 3. Watertight Compartments. 4. Chinese substitute for Pitch. 5. Oars used by Junks. 6. Descriptions of Chinese Junks from other Mediæval Writers.

II. —Description of the Island of Chipangu, and the Great Kaan’s Despatch of a Host against it 253

Notes.—1. Chipangu or Japan. 2. Abundance of Gold. 3. The Golden Palace. 4. Japanese Pearls. Red Pearls.

III. —What Further came of the Great Kaan’s Expedition against Chipangu 258

Notes.—1. Kúblái’s attempts against Japan. Japanese Narrative of the Expedition here spoken of. (See App. L. 9.) 2. Species of Torture. 3. Devices to procure Invulnerability.

IV. —Concerning the Fashion of the Idols 263

Notes.—1. Many-limbed Idols. 2. The Philippines and Moluccas. 3. The name Chin or China. 4. The Gulf of Cheinan.

V. —Of the Great Country called Chamba 266

Notes.—1. Champa, and Kúblái’s dealings with it. (See App. L. 10). 2. Chronology. 3. Eagle-wood and Ebony. Polo’s use of Persian words.

VI. —Concerning the Great Island of Java 272

Note.—Java; its supposed vast extent. Kúblái’s expedition against it and failure.

VII. —Wherein the Isles of Sondur and Condur are spoken of; and the Kingdom of Locac 276

Notes.—1. Textual. 2. Pulo Condore. 3. The Kingdom of Locac, Southern Siam.

VIII. —Of the Island called Pentam, and the City Malaiur 280

Notes.—1. Bintang. 2. The Straits of Singapore. 3. Remarks on the Malay Chronology. Malaiur probably Palembang.

IX. —Concerning the Island of Java the Less. the Kingdoms of Ferlec and Basma 284

Notes.—1. The Island of Sumatra: application of the term Java. 2. Products of Sumatra. The six kingdoms. 3. Ferlec or Parlák. The Battas. 4. Basma, Pacem, or Pasei. 5. The Elephant and the Rhinoceros. The Legend of Monoceros and the Virgin. 6. Black Falcon.

X. —The Kingdoms of Samara and Dagroian 292

Notes.—1. Samara, Sumatra Proper. 2. The Tramontaine and the Mestre. 3. The Malay Toddy-Palm. 4. Dagroian. 5. Alleged custom of eating dead relatives.

XI. —Of the Kingdoms of Lambri and Fansur 299

Notes.—1. Lambri. 2. Hairy and Tailed Men. 3. Fansur and Camphor Fansuri. Sumatran Camphor. 4. The Sago-Palm. 5. Remarks on Polo’s Sumatran Kingdoms.

XII. —Concerning the Island of Necuveran 306

Note.—Gauenispola, and the Nicobar Islands.

XIII. —Concerning the Island of Angamanain 309

Note.—The Andaman Islands.

XIV. —Concerning the Island of Seilan 312

Notes.—1. Chinese Chart. 2. Exaggeration of Dimensions. The Name. 3. Sovereigns then ruling Ceylon. 4. Brazil Wood and Cinnamon. 5. The Great Ruby.

XV. —The Same Continued. The History of Sagamoni Borcan and the beginning of Idolatry 316

Notes.—1. Adam’s Peak, and the Foot thereon. 2. The Story of Sakya-Muni Buddha. The History of Saints Barlaam and Josaphat; a Christianised version thereof. 3. High Estimate of Buddha’s Character. 4. Curious Parallel Passages. 5. Pilgrimages to the Peak. 6. The Pâtra of Buddha, and the Tooth-Relic. 7. Miraculous endowments of the Pâtra; it is the Holy Grail of Buddhism.

XVI. —Concerning the Great Province of Maabar, which is called India the Greater, and is on the Mainland 331

Notes.—1. Ma’bar, its definition, and notes on its Mediæval History. 2. The Pearl Fishery.

XVII. —Continues to speak of the Province of Maabar 338

Notes.—1. Costume. 2. Hindu Royal Necklace. 3. Hindu use of the Rosary. 4. The Saggio. 5. Companions in Death; the word Amok. 6. Accumulated Wealth of Southern India at this time. 7. Horse Importation from the Persian Gulf. 8. Religious Suicides. 9. Suttees. 10. Worship of the Ox. The Govis. 11. Verbal. 12. The Thomacides. 13. Ill-success of Horse-breeding in S. India. 14. Curious Mode of Arrest for Debt. 15. The Rainy Seasons. 16. Omens of the Hindus. 17. Strange treatment of Horses. 18. The Devadásis. 19. Textual.

XVIII. —Discoursing of the Place where lieth the Body of St. Thomas the Apostle; and of the Miracles thereof 353

Notes.—1. Mailapúr. 2. The word Avarian. 3. Miraculous Earth. 4. The Traditions of St. Thomas in India. The ancient Church at his Tomb; the ancient Cross preserved on St. Thomas’s Mount. 5. White Devils. 6. The Yak’s Tail.

XIX. —Concerning the Kingdom of Mutfili 359

Notes.—1. Motapallé. The Widow Queen of Telingana. 2. The Diamond Mines, and the Legend of the Diamond Gathering. 3. Buckram.

XX. —Concerning the Province of Lar whence the Brahmans come 363

Notes.—1. Abraiaman. The Country of Lar. Hindu Character. 2. The Kingdom of Soli or Chola. 3. Lucky and Unlucky Days and Hours. The Canonical Hours of the Church. 4. Omens. 5. Jogis. The Ox-emblem. 6. Verbal. 7. Recurrence of Human Eccentricities.

XXI. —Concerning the City of Cail 370

Notes.—1. Káyal; its true position. Kolkhoi identified. 2. The King Ashar or As-char. 3. Correa, Note. 4. Betel-chewing. 5. Duels.

XXII. —Of the Kingdom of Coilum 375

Notes.—1. Coilum, Coilon, Kaulam, Columbum, Quilon. Ancient Christian Churches. 2. Brazil Wood: notes on the name. 3. Columbine Ginger and other kinds. 4. Indigo. 5. Black Lions. 6. Marriage Customs.

XXIII. —Of the Country called Comari 382

Notes.—1. Cape Comorin. 2. The word Gat-paul.

XXIV. —Concerning the Kingdom Eli 385

Notes.—1. Mount D’Ely, and the City of Hili-Máráwi. 2. Textual. 3. Produce. 4. Piratical custom. 5. Wooden Anchors.

XXV. —Concerning the Kingdom of Melibar 389

Notes.—1. Dislocation of Polo’s Indian Geography. The name of Malabar. 2. Verbal. 3. Pirates. 4. Cassia: Turbit: Cubebs. 5. Cessation of direct Chinese trade with Malabar.

XXVI. —Concerning the Kingdom of Gozurat 392

Notes.—1. Topographical Confusion. 2. Tamarina. 3. Tall Cotton Trees. 4. Embroidered Leather-work.

XXVII. —Concerning the Kingdom of Tana 395

Notes.—1. Tana, and the Konkan. 2. Incense of Western India.

XXVIII. —Concerning the Kingdom of Cambaet 397

Note.—Cambay.

XXIX. —Concerning the Kingdom of Semenat 398

Note.—Somnath, and the so-called Gates of Somnath.

XXX. —Concerning the Kingdom of Kesmacoran 401

Notes.—1. Kij-Mekrán. Limit of India. 2. Recapitulation of Polo’s Indian Kingdoms.

XXXI. —Discourseth of the Two Islands called Male and Female, and why they are so called 404

Note.—The Legend and its diffusion.

XXXII. —Concerning the Island of Scotra 406

Notes.—1. Whales of the Indian Seas. 2. Socotra and its former Christianity. 3. Piracy at Socotra. 4. Sorcerers.

XXXIII. —Concerning the Island of Madeigascar 411

Notes.—1. Madagascar; some confusion here with Magadoxo. 2. Sandalwood. 3. Whale-killing. The Capidoglio or Sperm-Whale. 4. The Currents towards the South. 5. The Rukh (and see Appendix L. 11). 6. More on the dimensions assigned thereto. 7. Hippopotamus Teeth.

XXXIV. —Concerning the Island of Zanghibar. A Word on India in General 422

Notes.—1. Zangibar; Negroes. 2. Ethiopian Sheep. 3. Giraffes. 4. Ivory trade. 5. Error about Elephant-taming. 6. Number of Islands assigned to the Indian Sea. 7. The Three Indies, and various distributions thereof. Polo’s Indian Geography.

XXXV. —Treating of the Great Province of Abash, which is Middle India, and is on the Mainland 427

Notes.—1. Ḥabash or Abyssinia. Application of the name India to it. 2. Fire Baptism ascribed to the Abyssinian Christians. 3. Polo’s idea of the position of Aden. 4. Taming of the African Elephant for War. 5. Marco’s Story of the Abyssinian Invasion of the Mahomedan Low-Country, and Review of Abyssinian Chronology in connection therewith. 6. Textual.

XXXVI. —Concerning the Province of Aden 438

Notes.—1. The Trade to Alexandria from India viâ Aden. 2. “Roncins à deux selles.” 3. The Sultan of Aden. The City and its Great Tanks. 4. The Loss of Acre.

XXXVII. —Concerning the City of Esher 442

Notes.—1. Shihr. 2. Frankincense. 3. Four-horned Sheep. 4. Cattle fed on Fish. 5. Parallel passage.

XXXVIII. —Concerning the City of Dufar 444

Notes.—1. Dhofar. 2. Notes on Frankincense.

XXXIX. —Concerning the Gulf of Calatu, and the City so called 449

Notes.—1. Kalhát. 2. “En fra terre.” 3. Maskat.

XL. —Returns to the City of Hormos whereof we spoke formerly 451

Notes.—1. Polo’s distances and bearings in these latter chapters. 2. Persian Bád-gírs or wind-catching chimneys. 3. Island of Kish.

BOOK FOURTH.

Wars among the Tartar Princes, and some Account of the Northern Countries.

Chap. Page

I. —Concerning Great Turkey 457

Notes.—1. Kaidu Khan. 2. His frontier towards the Great Kaan.

II. —Of certain Battles that were fought by King Caidu against the Armies of his Uncle the Great Kaan 459

Notes.—1. Textual. 2. “Araines.” 3. Chronology in connection with the events described.

III. —†What the Great Kaan said to the Mischief done by Caidu his nephew 463

IV. —Of the Exploits of King Caidu’s valiant Daughter 463

Note.—Her name explained. Remarks on the story.

V. —How Abaga sent his Son Argon in command against King Caidu 466

(Extract and Substance.)

Notes.—1. Government of the Khorasan frontier. 2. The Historical Events.

VI. —How Argon after the Battle heard that his Father was dead and Went to assume the Sovereignty as was his right 467

Notes.—1. Death of Ábáká. 2. Textual. 3. Ahmad Tigudar.

VII. —†How Acomat Soldan set out with his Host against his Nephew who was coming to claim the throne that belonged to him 468

VIII. —†How Argon took Counsel with his Followers about attacking his Uncle Acomat Soldan 468

IX. —†How the Barons of Argon answered his Address 469

X. —†The Message sent by Argon to Acomat 469

XI. —How Acomat replied to Argon’s Message 469

XII. —Of the Battle between Argon and Acomat, and the Captivity of Argon 470

Notes.—1. Verbal. 2. Historical.

XIII. —How Argon was delivered from Prison 471

XIV. —How Argon got the Sovereignty at last 472

XV. —†How Acomat was taken Prisoner 473

XVI. —How Acomat was slain by Order of his Nephew 473

XVII. —How Argon was recognised as Sovereign 473

Notes.—1. The historical circumstances and persons named in these chapters. 2. Arghún’s accession and death.

XVIII. —How Kiacatu seized the Sovereignty after Argon’s Death 475

Note.—The reign and character of Kaikhátú.

XIX. —How Baidu seized the Sovereignty after the Death of Kiacatu 476

Notes.—1. Baidu’s alleged Christianity. 2. Gházán Khan.

XX. —Concerning King Conchi who rules the Far North 479

Notes.—1. Kaunchi Khan. 2. Siberia. 3. Dog-sledges. 4. The animal here styled Erculin. The Vair. 5. Yugria.

XXI. —Concerning the Land of Darkness 484

Notes.—1. The Land of Darkness. 2. The Legend of the Mares and their Foals. 3. Dumb Trade with the People of the Darkness.

XXII. —Description of Rosia and its People. Province of Lac 486

Notes.—1. Old Accounts of Russia. Russian Silver and Rubles. 2. Lac, or Wallachia. 3. Oroech, Norway (?) or the Waraeg Country (?)

XXIII. —He begins to speak of the Straits of Constantinople, but decides to leave that matter 490

XXIV. —Concerning the Tartars of the Ponent and their Lords 490

Notes.—1. The Comanians; the Alans; Majar; Zic; the Goths of the Crimea; Gazaria. 2. The Khans of Kipchak or the Golden Horde; errors in Polo’s list. Extent of their Empire.

XXV. —Of the War that arose between Alau and Barca, and the Battles that they fought 494

(Extracts and Substance.)

Notes.—1. Verbal. 2. The Sea of Sarai. 3. The War here spoken of. Wassáf’s rigmarole.

XXVI. —†How Barca and his Army advanced to meet Alau 495

XXVII. —†How Alau addressed his followers 495

XXVIII. —†Of the Great Battle between Alau and Barca 496

XXIX. —How Totamangu was Lord of the Tartars of the Ponent; and after him Toctai 496

Note.—Confusions in the Text. Historical circumstances connected with the Persons spoken of. Toctai and Noghai Khan. Symbolic Messages.

XXX. —†Of the Second Message that Toctai sent to Nogai 498

XXXI. —†How Toctai marched against Nogai 499

XXXII. —†How Toctai and Nogai address their People, and the next Day join Battle 499

XXXIII. —†The Valiant Feats and Victory of King Nogai 499

XXXIV. —and Last. Conclusion 500

APPENDICES.

A. Genealogy of the House of Chinghiz to the End of the Thirteenth Century 505

B. The Polo Families:—

(I.) Genealogy of the Family of Marco Polo the Traveller 506

(II.) The Polos of San Geremia 507

C. Calendar of Documents relating to Marco Polo and his Family 510

D. Comparative Specimens of the Different Recensions of Polo’s Text 522

E. Preface to Pipino’s Latin Version 525

F. Note of MSS. of Marco Polo’s Book, so far as known:

General Distribution of MSS. 526

List of Miniatures in two of the finer MSS. 527

List of MSS. of Marco Polo’s Book, so far as they are known 530

G. Diagram showing Filiation of Chief MSS. and Editions of Marco Polo 552

H. Bibliography:—

(I.) Principal Editions of Marco Polo’s Book 553

(II.) Bibliography of Printed Editions 554

(III.) Titles of Sundry Books and Papers treating of Marco Polo and his Book 574

I. Titles of Works quoted by Abbreviated References in this Book 582

K. Values of Certain Moneys, Weights, and Measures occurring in this Book 590

L. Supplementary Notes to the Book of Marco Polo 593

The Polos at Acre. Sorcery in Kashmir. Paonano Pao. Pamir. Number of Pamirs. Site of Pein. Fire-arms. La Couvade. Alacan. Champa. Ruck Quills. A Spanish Marco Polo. Sir John Mandeville.

Index 607