General Index (continued 5)

[pg 230]

Isis represented with the head of a, vi. 50;

thought to be impregnated by moonshine, vi. 130 sq.;

in calf treated like woman in childbed, vii. 33;

corn-spirit as, vii. 288 sqq.

Cow, black, in rain-charm, i. 290

——, white, with red ears, used in expiation, ii. 116

Cow-goddess Shenty, vi. 88

—— -headed women, statuettes of, found at Lycosura, viii. 21 n. 4

Cow's hide, thresher of last corn wrapt in, vii. 291;

custom of beating the, on Hogmanay, viii. 322 sqq.

Cowboy of the king of Unyoro, taboos observed by the, iii. 159 n.

Cows, the afterbirths of, how treated, i. 198 sq.;

charm to increase the milk of, i. 198 sq.;

milked as a rain-charm, i. 284;

washed in dew on Midsummer morning, ii. 127;

pregnant, sacrificed to the Earth Goddess, ii. 229;

milked through a ring as a precaution against witchcraft, iii. 314 sq.;

sacred to Isis, vi. 50;

milked by women, vii. 118;

the Hindoo worship of, viii. 37;

and their milk, superstitions as to, viii. 84 ns. 1 and 2;

bewitched on Walpurgis Night, ix. 162;

as scapegoats, ix. 193, 216;

witches steal milk from, x. 343;

mistletoe given to, xi. 86;

milked through a hole in a branch or a “witch's nest,” xi. 185

Coyohuacan, city of Mexico, paste idol eaten by warriors in, viii. 91

Coyote not to be named by children in winter, iii. 399

Crab in rain-charm, i. 289

Crabs used to extract vicious propensity, ix. 34;

change their skin, ix. 303

Crackers ignited to expel demons, ix. 117, 146 sq.;

burnt to frighten ghosts, xi. 17, 18

Crackling of grain in fire a sign that the dead are eating it, viii. 65

Cracow, customs as to the last sheaf in the district of, vii. 145;

Midsummer fires in the district of, x. 175

Craig, Captain Wolsey, on unlucky marriages in Barar, ii. 57 n. 4

Crane, emblem of longevity, i. 169 n. 1;

dance called the, iv. 75

Cranes, trumpeting of the, signal for ploughing, vii. 45;

their seasons of migration, vii. 45 n. 1

Cranganore in Cochin, shrine of the goddess Bhagavati at, i. 280

Crannogs or lake-dwellings in the British Islands, ii. 352

Crannon, in Thessaly, rain-making by means of a chariot at, i. 309;

coins of, i. 309 n. 6

Crassus, Publicius Licinius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Crawfish in homoeopathic magic, i. 156;

worshipped by Indians of Peru, viii. 250

Crawley, E., on the external soul in the placenta and navel-string, i. 201 n. 1

Cream, ceremony for thickening, x. 262

Cream-bowl wreathed with hawthorn in bloom on May morning, ii. 52

Creation, myths of, iv. 106 sqq.;

Babylonian legend of, iv. 106, 110

—— of the world thought to be annually repeated, v. 284;

legends of, influenced by human sacrifices, ix. 409 sqq.

Creator, the grave of the, iv. 3;

beheaded, ix. 410;

sacrifices himself daily to create the world afresh, ix. 411

Creek Indians of North America, their tradition of the first fire, ii. 256 n. 2;

taboos imposed on lads at initiation among the, iii. 156;

their mortification of themselves in war, iii. 161 sqq.;

the busk or festival of first-fruits among the, viii. 72 sqq.;

their belief in the homoeopathic magic of the flesh of animals, viii. 139;

their dread of menstruous women, x. 88

—— Town, in Guinea, periodic expulsion of demons at, ix. 204 n. 1

Creepers, homoeopathic magic of, i. 145

Creeping through an arch as a cure, ix. 55;

through a tunnel as a remedy for an epidemic, x. 283 sq.;

through cleft trees as cure for various maladies, xi. 170 sqq.;

through narrow openings in order to escape ghostly pursuers, xi. 177 sqq.

Crescent-shaped chest in the rites of Osiris, vi. 85, 130

Crests of the Cilician pirates, v. 149

Cretan festival of Dionysus, vii. 14 sq.;

of Hermes, ix. 350

—— myth of the murder of Dionysus, vii. 13

Crete, milk-stones in, i. 165;

precinct of Dictaean Zeus in, ii. 122;

sacrifices without the use of iron in, iii. 226 sq.;

grave of Zeus in, iv. 3;

sacred trees and pillars in, v. 107 n. 2;

ancient seat of worship of Demeter, vii. 131;

pig not eaten in, viii. 21 n. 1

Creuse and Corrèze, departments of, St. John's fires in the, x. 190

Crevaux, J., on stinging with ants as a ceremony, iii. 105

Crianlarich, in Strath Fillan, the harvest Cailleach at, vii. 166

Cricket, soul in form of, iii. 39 n. 1

Crickets in homoeopathic magic, i. 156

Cries of reapers, vii. 263 sqq.

[pg 231]

Crimea, the Karaits of the, iii. 95;

the Taurians of the, v. 294

Crimes, sticks or stones piled on the scene of, ix. 13 sqq.

Criminals shaved as a mode of purification, iii. 287;

sacrificed, iv. 195, ix. 354, 396 sq., 408;

shorn to make them confess, xi. 158 sq.

Cripple or Lame Goat at harvest in Skye, vii. 284

Crnagora, divination on St. George's morning in, ii. 345

Croatia, souls of witches said to pass into trees in, ii. 32;

Good Friday custom in, ix. 268;

Midsummer fires in, x. 178

Croats of Istria, “Sawing the Old Woman” among the, iv. 242;

their belief as to the activity of witches on Midsummer Eve, xi. 75

Crocodile not to be met or seen by people of the crocodile clan, viii. 28;

supposed to be born as the twin of a human child, viii. 212;

clay image of, as a protection against mice, viii. 279;

a Batta totem, xi. 223

Crocodile-catchers, rules observed by, viii. 209 sq.

—— clan of the Dinka, iv. 31

—— -shaped hero, in Yam, v. 139 n. 1

Crocodiles, Malay magic to catch, i. 110 sq.;

girls sacrificed to, ii. 152;

not called by their proper names, iii. 401, 403, 410, 411, 415 sq.;

ancestral spirits in, viii. 123;

hunted by savages for their flesh, viii. 208 n. 2;

often spared by savages out of respect, viii. 208 sqq.;

ceremonies observed at catching, viii. 209 sqq.;

kinship of men with, viii. 212 sq., 214 sq.;

men sacrificed to, viii. 213;

inspired human medium of, viii. 213;

temple dedicated to, viii. 213;

respected in Africa and Madagascar, viii. 213 sqq.;

sacred at Dix Cove, viii. 287;

souls of the dead in, viii. 289, 290, 291, 295;

fat of, x. 14;

lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 206, 209;

external human souls in, xi. 207, 209

Croesus, king of Lydia, his war with the Persians, ii. 316;

captures Pteria, v. 128;

the burning of, v. 174 sqq., 179, ix. 391;

his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, v. 180 n. 1;

dedicates golden lion at Delphi, v. 184;

his son Atys, v. 286

Crofts, W. C., on Whitsuntide Bride in Norway, ii. 92 n. 4

Cromarty Firth, words tabooed by fishermen of the, iii. 394

Cromer, Martin, on the Lithuanian worship of fire, ii. 366 n. 2

Cromm Cruach, a legendary Irish idol, iv. 183

Cronia, a Greek festival resembling the Saturnalia, ix. 351;

at Olympia, ix. 352 sq.

Cronion, a Greek month, vi. 238, viii. 7, 8 n. 1, ix. 351 n. 2

Cronius, Mount, at Olympia, sacrifice at the spring equinox on, i. 46 n. 4

Cronus, an older god in Greece than Zeus, ii. 323;

buried in Sicily, iv. 4;

his sacrifice of his son, iv. 166, 179;

his treatment of his father and children, iv. 192;

his marriage with his sister Rhea, iv. 194;

identified with the Phoenician El, v. 166;

castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, v. 283;

name applied to winter, vi. 41;

and the Cronia, ix. 351 sq.;

his sacred hill at Olympia, ix. 352;

and the Golden Age, ix. 353;

and human sacrifice, ix. 353 sq., 397;

cakes offered to, x. 153 n. 3

Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems of Osiris, vi. 108, 153, compare 20

Crooke, Rev. Mr., missionary in Tahuata, i. 387 n. 1

Crooke, W., i. 406 n. 1, iv. 53 n. 1, vii. 234 n. 2, viii. 56 n. 3;

on marriage to trees in India, ii. 57 n. 4;

on local gods served by aboriginal priests in India, ii. 288 n. 1;

on temporary substitutes for the Shah of Persia, iv. 157 n. 5, 159 n. 1;

on sacred dancing-girls, v. 65 n. 1;

on Mohammedan saints, v. 78 n. 2;

on infant burial, v. 93 sq.;

on the custom of the False Bride, vi. 262 n. 2;

on Bhumiya, viii. 118 n.;

as to use of spindle in ritual, viii. 119 n. 5

Crop supposed to be spoilt if a man were to name his father and mother, iii. 341

Crops, dancing and leaping as charms to promote the growth of the, i. 137 sqq., ix. 232, 238 sqq., x. 119, 165, 166, 167 sq., 168, 173, 174, 337;

intercourse of the sexes to promote the growth of the, ii. 98 sqq.;

thought to be blighted by sexual crime, ii. 107 sqq.;

swinging for the good of the, iv. 156 sq., 277, 278, 283;

dependent on serpent-god, v. 67;

games to promote the growth of the, v. 92 sqq.;

tales as a charm to promote the growth of the, v. 102, 103 sq.;

human victims sacrificed for the, v. 290 sq., vii. 236 sqq.;

charms and spells for growth of, vii. 100;

bull-roarers sounded to promote the growth of the, vii. 104, 106, xi. 232;

rotation of, vii. 117;

vermin the enemies of the crops, superstitious devices for destroying, intimidating, or propitiating, [pg 232] viii. 274 sqq.;

supposed to be spoiled by menstruous women, x. 79, 96;

leaping over bonfires to ensure good, x. 107;

Midsummer fires thought to ensure good, x. 188, 336;

torches swung by eunuchs to ensure good, x. 340

Cross, Days of the, in Esthonia, i. 325;

wind of the, i. 325

—— of twisted corn on Candlemas, ii. 95 n.

“—— of the Horse,” first sheaf called the, vii. 294.

See also Crosses

Cross River of Southern Nigeria, Eatin on the, i. 349;

the Indem tribe of the, ii. 32;

sacred chiefs on the, confined to their compounds, iii. 124;

natives of the, their offerings of new yams to the deities, viii. 115;

natives of the, their lives bound up with those of certain animals, xi. 202 sq., 204

Cross-road, trap for demon at, ix. 61;

ague nailed down at, ix. 68 sq.

—— -roads, in magical rites, ii. 340, iii. 59;

burial at, v. 93 n. 1, ix. 10;

things used in purificatory rites deposited at, vii. 9;

sacrifices at, viii. 284;

disease deposited at, ix. 6, 7;

bodies of suicides burnt at, ix. 18;

bodies of parricides to be thrown away at, ix. 24;

fever deposited at, ix. 49;

offerings at, ix. 140;

ceremonies at, ix. 144, 159, 196, x. 24;

beaten as a precaution against witches, ix. 161;

witches at, ix. 162, x. 160 n. 1;

Midsummer fires lighted at, x. 172, 191;

divination at, x. 229;

bewitched things burnt at, x. 322

Crossbills in magic, i. 81 sq.

Crosses cut on stumps of felled trees, ii. 38;

of rowan-tree used to protect cows from witches, ii. 53, ix. 267;

chalked on doors as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 54, 331, 335, 336, 339, ix. 160, 162 sq., 165;

made with tar on cattle to protect them against evil spirits, ii. 342;

painted with tar as charms against ghosts and vampyres, ix. 153 n. 1;

white, made by the King of the Bean, ix. 314, 315 n.;

chalked up on Twelfth Night, ix. 331;

chalked up to protect houses and cattle-stalls against witches, x. 160 n. 1, xi. 74.

See also Cross

Crossing of legs forbidden, iii. 295, 298 sq.

Crow asked to give a new tooth, i. 181;

soul in form of, iii. 42 n.;

head of, eaten to prolong life, viii. 143;

transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299;

as scapegoat, ix. 193.

See also Crows

——, hooded, sacrifice to, x. 152

Crow Song, the Greek, viii. 322 n.

Crowdie, a dish of milk and meal, x. 237

Crown, Ariadne's, ii. 138

—— of corn-ears, vii. 163, 221, 283;

worn by Demeter and Persephone, vii. 43;

or garland of flowers in Midsummer bonfire, x. 184, 185, 188, 192.

See also Flowers

——, imperial, as palladium, iii. 4

—— of laurel, ii. 175, 175 n. 1, iv. 78, 80 sqq.

—— of oak leaves, ii. 175, 176 sq., 184, iv. 80 sqq.

—— of olive at Olympia, iv. 91

—— of Roses, festival of the, x. 195

——, the Whitsuntide, ii. 89 sq.

See also Crowns

Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, v. 143

Crowning, festival of the, at Delphi, iv. 78 sqq.

Crowning cattle, ii. 75, 339, 341;

as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 sq., 339

—— dogs, custom of, i. 14, ii. 125 sq., 127 sq.

Crowns, the royal, in ancient Egypt, i. 364;

magical virtue of royal, i. 364 sq.;

of birch at Whitsuntide, ii. 64;

or wreaths, custom of wearing, ii. 127 n. 2;

as amulets, vi. 242 sq.;

laid aside in mourning, etc., vi. 243 n. 2;

of figs worn at sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 n. 3;

of maize, ix. 280.

See also Crown

—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, vi. 21 n. 1

Crows in magic, i. 83;

hearts of, eaten by diviners, viii. 143.

See also Crow

Cruachan, the palace of the ancient kings of Connaught, iii. 12;

pagan cemetery at, iv. 101;

the fair of, iv. 101;

in Connaught, the cave of, x. 226;

the herdsman or king of, Argyleshire story of, xi. 127 sqq.

Crucifixion of Christ, ix. 412 sqq.;

crossbills at the, i. 82;

tradition as to the date of, v. 306 sqq.

—— of human victims at Benin, v. 294 n. 3;

gentile, at the spring equinox, v. 307 n.

Crux ansata, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 133, vi. 89

“Crying the Mare” at harvest in Hertfordshire, vii. 292 sq.;

in Shropshire, vii. 293

“—— the neck,” at harvest, vii. 264 sqq.

Cryptocerus atratus, F., stinging ants, used in ordeal by the Mauhes, x. 62

Crystals, magic of, i. 176 sq.;

used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304, 345, 346;

used in divination, iii. 56;

superstitions as to, iv. 64 n. 6

[pg 233]

Ctesias, on the Sacaea, ix. 402 n. 1

Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, vi. 217

Cublay-Khan, ii. 306

Cuissard, Ch., on Midsummer fires, x. 182 sq.

Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), vi. 206 sq.;

shifting, vii. 99.

See Agriculture

Cumae, the Sibyl at, x. 99

Cumanus, inquisitor, xi. 158

Cumberland, Midsummer fires in, x. 197

Cumberland inlet, the Esquimaux of, iii. 108

Cummin, curses at sowing, i. 281

Cumont, Professor Franz, on the Saturnalia of the Roman soldiers, iv. 310;

on the taurobolium, v. 275 n. 1;

on the Nativity of the Sun, v. 303 n. 3;

as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, v. 310 n. 1;

on the martyrdom of St. Dasius, ix. 308 sq.;

on a form of abjuration imposed on Jewish converts, ix. 393 n. 1

“Cup of offering,” viii. 184

——, sacred golden, i. 365

Cup-and-ball as a charm to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317

Cupid and Psyche, story of, iv. 131

Cups, special, used by girls at puberty, x. 50, 53

Cura, sacred grove of the Wotyaks at, ii. 145

Curative powers ascribed to persons born feet foremost, x. 295

Curcho, old Prussian god, viii. 133, 174 n.

Cures based on principles of homoeopathic magic, i. 78 sqq.;

effected by recalling the soul, iii. 42 sqq.;

by means of knotted cords and threads, iii. 303 sqq.;

by swinging, iv. 280 sq., 282;

by transferring the malady to things, animals, or persons, ix. 2 sqq.;

by the expulsion of demons, ix. 109 sqq.;

popular, prescribed by Marcellus of Bordeaux, x. 17

Curetes, their war-dance, vii. 13

Curland, Midsummer festival in, iv. 280

Curr, E. M., on the superstition as to personal names among the Australian aborigines, iii. 320 sq.

Curses, public, i. 45;

supposed beneficial effects of, i. 279 sqq.;

uttered by Bouzygai, vii. 108

Cursing at Athens, ritual of, iii. 75

—— an enemy, Arab mode of, iii. 312

—— fishermen and hunters for good luck, i. 280 sq.

—— a mist in Switzerland, x. 280

—— at sowing, i. 281

Curtains to conceal kings, iii. 120 sq.

Curtiss, Professor S. I., on the head of the Babites, i. 402

Curtius, Quintus, on Alexander the Great's cresset, ii. 264 n. 7

Curumbars, a tribe of the Neilgherry Hills, viii. 55

Cuscuses, souls of dead in, viii. 296, 298

Cushing, Frank H., on the killing of sacred turtles among the Zuñi, viii. 175 sqq.

Custom more constant than myth, viii. 40

Customs of the Pelew Islanders, vi. 253 sqq., 266 sqq.

Cut hair and nails, disposal of, iii. 267 sqq.

Cuthar, father of Adonis, v. 13 n. 2

Cuts made in the body as a mode of expelling demons or ghosts, iii. 106 sq.;

in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180;

in bodies of slain, iii. 176.

See also Incisions, Scarification

Cutting or lacerating the body in honour of the dead, iv. 92 sq., 97

—— the hair a purificatory ceremony, iii. 283 sqq.

See also Hair

Cutting weapons planted in ground to repel the demon of smallpox, ix. 122

Cuttings for the dead, v. 268

Cuttle-fish presented to Greek infants, i. 156;

expiation for killing a, iv. 217

Cuzco, the temple of the Sun at, ii. 243, vii. 310;

its scenery, ix. 128 sq.;

ceremony of the new fire in, x. 132

Cyaxares, king of the Medes, v. 133 n., 174

Cybele, her image carted about at Autun, ii. 144;

the image of, v. 35 n. 3;

her cymbals and tambourines, v. 54;

her lions and turreted crown, v. 137;

priests of, called Attis, v. 140;

the Mother of the Gods, v. 263;

her love for Attis, v. 263, 282;

her worship adopted by the Romans, v. 265;

sacrifice of virility to image of, v. 268;

subterranean chambers of, v. 268;

orgiastic rites of, v. 278;

a goddess of fertility, v. 279;

worshipped in Gaul, v. 279;

fasts observed by the worshippers of, v. 280;

a friend of Marsyas, v. 288;

effeminate priests of, vi. 257, 258

—— and Attis, i. 18, 21, 40, 41, v. 280, ix. 386

Cybistra in Cappadocia, v. 120, 122, 124

Cychreus, king of Salamis, bequeaths his kingdom to Telamon, ii. 278 n. 2;

changed at death into a serpent, iv. 87

Cycle, the octennial, based on an attempt to reconcile solar and lunar time, iv. 68 sq., vii. 80 sq.;

apparently the period of certain kings' reigns in ancient Greece, iv. 70 sq.;

octennial festivals connected with the, iv. 87 sqq.;

Olympiads originally based on the, iv. 89 sq., vii. 80;

antiquity of the octennial cycle in Greece, vii. 81 sq.;

the cycle [pg 234] based on religious rather than practical considerations, vii. 82 sq.

Cycle of thirty years (Druidical), xi. 77

Cycles of sixty years (Boeotian, Indian, and Tibetan), xi. 77 n. 1

Cyclopes, slaughter of the, iv. 78 n. 4

Cymbal, drinking out of a, v. 274

Cymbals in religious music, v. 52, 54

—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, v. 54

Cyme, titular kings at, i. 46 n. 4

Cynaetha, in Arcadia, people of, massacre committed by the, iii. 188;

winter festival of Dionysus at, vii. 16 sq.

Cynopolis, the cemetery of, vi. 90

Cypresses, sacred, in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Cos, ii. 10;

in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Titane, v. 81

Cypriote syllabary, v. 49 n. 7

Cyprus, grave of Aphrodite in, iv. 4;

Salamis in, iv. 166 n. 1;

natural riches of, v. 31;

Phoenicians in, v. 31 sq.;

Adonis in, v. 31 sqq.;

sacred prostitution in, v. 36, 50, 59;

Melcarth worshipped in, v. 117;

human sacrifices in, v. 145 sq.;

the bearded Venus in, vi. 259 n. 3;

wild boars annually sacrificed in, viii. 23 n. 3

Cyrene, kingship at, i. 47;

the people of, their sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 n. 3

Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, v. 224 n. 2

Cyrus and Croesus, v. 174 sqq., ix. 391

Cythnos, Greek island, sickly children pushed through a hole in a rock in, xi. 189

Cytisorus, son of Phrixus, iv. 162

Cyzicus, council chamber at, built without iron, iii. 230;

worship of the Placianian Mother at, v. 274 n.;

bull-shaped image of Dionysus at, vii. 16;

vicarious sacrifice at, viii. 95 n. 2

Czech maidens, love charm practised by, on St. George's Eve, ii. 345 sq.

—— saying as to the dying, iii. 33 n. 3

—— villages of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in the, viii. 326;

the Three Kings of Twelfth Night in, ix. 330 sq.

Czechs of Bohemia, the Carrying out of Death among the, iv. 221;

the Corn-mother among the, vii. 132 sq.;

cull simples at Midsummer, xi. 49

Dabelow, in Mecklenburg, precaution against witches on Walpurgis Night at, ix. 163 n. 1

Daçaratha festival in India, iv. 124

Dacia, hot springs in, v. 213

Dacotas or Sioux, the, their fear of having their pictures taken, iii. 96;

custom observed by manslayers among, iii. 181;

avoidance of wife's mother among, iii. 338;

their belief as to stepping over animals, iii. 423;

their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130;

ate the livers of dogs to make them brave, viii. 145;

their belief in the resurrection of dogs, viii. 256 sq.;

ritual of death and resurrection among, xi. 268 sq.

Dad pillar. See Ded pillar

Daedala, Boeotian festival of the Great, ii. 140 sq., xi. 77 n. 1

Daedalus, the artist, made a dance for Ariadne, iv. 71;

made a hollow cow for Pasiphae, iv. 71

Dag, an early king of the Shilluk, iv. 28

Dageon, fire kept up during king's life in, ii. 261 sq.

Dagobert, King, privilege granted by him to St. Romulus or St. Ouen, ii. 165

Dah River, in Ashantee, royal criminals drowned in, iii. 243;

annual ablutions in the, viii. 63

Dahomans, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 66

Dahomey, human wives of gods in, ii. 149;

royal criminals drowned or strangled in, iii. 243;

indifference to death in, iv. 138;

religious massacres in, iv. 138;

the Amazons of, viii. 149

——, the king of, iii. 374;

human victims drowned by, ii. 158;

not allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9;

not to be seen eating, iii. 118

——, kings of, their true names kept secret, iii. 374;

their “strong names,” iii. 374;

represented partly in human, partly in animal forms, iv. 85;

their human sacrifices, vi. 97 n. 7

——, Porto Novo in, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 205

——, royal family of, iii. 243;

related to leopards, iv. 85

Dainyal, diviner or Sibyl, in the Hindoo Koosh, i. 383

Daira or Mahadev Mohammedans in Mysore, mock rite of circumcision among the, iv. 220

Dairi, the, or Mikado of Japan, iii. 2, 4.

See Mikado

Dairies, sacred, of the Todas, iii. 15 sqq.

Dairy, mistletoe used to make the dairy thrive, xi. 86

Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, iii. 15 sqq.;

his custom as to the pollution of death, vi. 228;

bound to live apart from his wife, vi. 229

Daizan, king of Atrae, his treacherous daughter, x. 83

Dajang, Miss, a personification of the rice among the Battas, vii. 196

Dalai Lama of Lhasa, regarded as a [pg 235] living god, i. 411 sq.;

his palace, i. 412

Dalarne, the Yule-ram in, viii. 328

Dalecarlia, observances at turning out the cattle to the summer pastures in, ii. 342

Dalhousie Castle, the Edgewell Tree at, xi. 166

Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, vi. 213 n. 1

Dallet, Ch., on the Corean objection to put the face of the king on coins, iii. 99

Dalmatia, rain-making in, i. 274;

belief as to the souls of trees in, ii. 14;

the Yule log in, x. 263

Dalsland, in Sweden, observances at turning out the cattle to graze in the forest in, ii. 341 sq.

Dalton, Colonel E. T., on mock human sacrifices among the Bhagats, iv. 217 sq.;

on the fear of demons among the Oraons, ix. 92 sq.;

on the annual expulsion of demons among the Hos of North-East India, ix. 136 sq.

Dalyell, J. G., on Beltane, x. 149 n. 1

Dama, exorcism of demons of sickness in the island of, viii. 101 sq.

Damara hunters, ceremony observed by, iii. 220

Damaras or Herero, their fire-customs, ii. 211 sqq.;

their ceremony on return from a journey, iii. 112;

their mode of killing their cattle, iii. 247.

See also Herero

Damascus, Aramean kings of, v. 15

Damasen, a giant, in a Lydian story, slays a serpent, v. 186

Damatrius, a Greek month, vi. 49 n. 1, vii. 46

Damba, island in Lake Victoria Nyanza, crocodiles sacred in, viii. 213

Damia and Auxesia, female powers of fertility at Troezen, i. 39

Dams, continence at making or repairing, iii. 202;

in Egypt, the cutting of the, vi. 31 sq., 37 sq., 39 sq.

Damun, in German New Guinea, ceremony of initiation at, xi. 193

Danae, the story of, her impregnation by Zeus, x. 73 sq.

Danakils or Afars of East Africa, their belief as to the rebirth of souls of magicians, iv. 200

Danaus and the suitors of his daughters, ii. 301

Dance at giving of oracles, i. 379;

executed as tribute by a human god, i. 394;

of milkmaids on May-day, ii. 52;

to propitiate souls of slain foes, iii. 166;

of women on return of warriors, iii. 170;

at driving ghost into grave, iii. 373, 374;

of youths and maidens at Cnossus, iv. 75 sq.;

of eunuchs in Corea, v. 270 n. 2;

of eunuchs at new moon, on the Congo, v. 271 n.;

of hermaphrodites in Pegu, v. 271 n.;

at harvest supper, vii. 134, 135, 145;

of harvesters with or round the last sheaf, vii. 135, 141, 145, 160, 219, 220, 294, 297;

of masked men before sowing, vii. 186;

of Dyaks to secure soul of rice, vii. 188 sq.;

of old women as representatives of the corn-goddess, vii. 205;

Pawnee, before human sacrifice, vii. 238;

round skulls of human victims, vii. 241, 242;

round oak and goat-skin at harvest, vii. 288;

of executioners, viii. 63;

of Zulu king, viii. 66, 68, 69 n. 3;

of Pondo chief at festival of new fruits, viii. 67;

before the king at ceremony of first-fruits, viii. 70 sq.;

of medicine-man, viii. 72;

at harvest festival of Indians of Alabama, viii. 72 n. 2;

of warriors at festival of first-fruits, viii. 74 sq., 79;

of men and women, by torchlight, at festival of first-fruits, viii. 79;

of Dacota warriors, viii. 145;

of Caffre girls after mock funeral of caterpillars, viii. 280;

at the burial of the wren, viii. 319;

on Twelfth Day, viii. 321;

of mummers at Carnival, viii. 333, 334;

of mummer wearing a horse-headed mask, viii. 338;

at cairns, ix. 29;

to ensure a supply of buffaloes, ix. 171;

to cause the grass to grow, ix. 238;

by men carrying a box and axes at Sipi in Northern India, x. 12;

of young women at puberty, xi. 183;

in the grave at initiation, xi. 237;

in honour of the big or grey wolf, xi. 276 n. 2.

See also Dances

“Dance, the Angel,” viii. 328

——, Ariadne's, iv. 77

——, the Green Corn, viii. 76

—— of King, iii. 123;

before the ghosts of his ancestor, vi. 192

——, the rattle-snake, to ensure immunity from snake-bites, i. 358

——, sacred, at the Sed festival, vi. 154

Dancers personate spirits, ix. 375

Dances, for rain, i. 250, 255, 268, 273, 274, 284, 284 n., iii. 154, iv. 32, 62, ix. 236 sq., 238;

for wind, i. 321;

as means of inspiration, i. 408 n. 1;

round sacred trees, ii. 47, 55;

at harvest, ii. 48;

round the May-pole, ii. 65, 67, 69, 74 sq.;

round bonfires on the Eve of St. John (Midsummer Eve), ii. 65;

performed by parents of twins to fertilize gardens, ii. 102;

for a good harvest, ii. 106;

on graves, ii. 183 n. 2;

round an oak, [pg 236] ii. 371;

of manslayers, iii. 168;

of victory, iii. 169, 170, 178, 182;

at sowing, vii. 95, ix. 234 sqq.;

at human sacrifices, vii. 246, 247;

at the reappearance of the Pleiades, vii. 307, 309, 311, 312, 317;

in imitation of totemic animals, viii. 76;

and processions in connexion with offerings of first-fruits, viii. 111, 113, 115, 116, 126, 131, 134;

of men personifying deities, viii. 179;

round dead tigers, viii. 216;

of the Koryak at the slaughter of bears or wolves, viii. 223;

in honour of slain leopards, viii. 228;

to amuse the souls of dead sea-beasts, viii. 248;

of the Karoks for salmon, viii. 255;

to make the crops thrive, viii. 326, 328, 330 sq., ix. 232 sqq., 347;

of mummers on Plough Monday, viii. 329 sqq.;

at cairns, ix. 26, 29;

Etruscan, in time of plague at Rome, ix. 65;

at harvest, ix. 134;

at the expulsion of demons, ix. 139;

of the witches, ix. 162;

with burning besoms on fields to drive away witches, ix. 163;

of women at expulsion of demons, ix. 200;

of the Salii, ix. 232, 233;

of the Tarahumare Indians of Mexico, ix. 236 sqq.;

taught by animals, ix. 237;

solemn Mexican, ix. 279, 285;

of Castilian peasants in May, ix. 280;

to make hemp grow tall, ix. 315;

round bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 317;

in churches at the Festival of Fools, ix. 335, 336;

accompanying the Boy Bishop, ix. 338;

as dramatic performances of myths, ix. 375 sqq.;

bestowed on men by spirits, ix. 375;

in imitation of animals, ix. 376, 377, 381, 382;

of fasting men and women at festival, x. 8 sq.;

of Duk-duk society, x. 11;

of girls at puberty, x. 28, 29, 30, 37, 42, 50, 58, 59;

round bonfires, x. 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 116, 120, 131, 142, 145, 148, 153 sq., 159, 166, 172, 173, 175, 178, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 193, 194, 195, 198, 246, xi. 2, 39;

of novices at initiation, xi. 258, 259.

See also Dance

Dances, masked, of the Kayans at the festival of sowing, vii. 95 sq., 111, 186;

of the Kaua and Kobeua Indians of Brazil, vii. 111 sq.;

of the Chambioa Indians of Brazil, viii. 208 n. 1;

at carnival, viii. 333, 334;

in ritual, of Demeter and Persephone, viii. 339;

of devil-dancers, ix. 38;

to promote fertility, ix. 236;

of savages, ix. 374 sqq.;

supposed to be derived from guardian spirits, ix. 375 sqq.;

to ensure good crops, ix. 382;

bull-roarers used at, xi. 230 n.

Dances, Mexican, viii. 88;

solemn, ix. 280, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289;

of salt-makers, ix. 284

——, religious, of dancing girls in India, v. 61, 65;

of inspired novices on the Slave Coast, v. 68;

at festivals of the dead, vi. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59;

at the new moon, vi. 142

—— of Shrovetide Bear, viii. 325 sq.

—— of women while men are away fighting, i. 131-134;

at bear-festival, viii. 185, 186 sq., 191, 195;

at catching a crocodile, viii. 211;

at slaughter of whales, viii. 232 sq.

Dancing as a fertility charm, i. 137 sqq., ii. 106;

for salmon, viii. 255;

to obtain the favour of the gods, ix. 65, 236;

with the fairies at Hallowe'en, x. 227

—— -girls in India, harlots and wives of the gods, v. 61 sqq.

Dandaki, King, and the ascetic, story of, ix. 41 sq.

Dandelions gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49

Danes, female descent of the kingship among the, ii. 282 sq.

Danger of being overshadowed by certain birds or people, iii. 82 sq.;

supposed, of portraits and photographs, iii. 96 sqq.;

supposed to attend contact with divine or sacred persons, such as chiefs and kings, iii. 132 sqq., 138;

apprehended from women in childbed, iii. 150 sqq.;

thought to attend women at menstruation, x. 94;

apprehended from the sexual relation, xi. 277 sq.

Danger Island, snares set for souls by sorcerers in, iii. 69;

the Pleiades worshipped in, vii. 312

Danh-gbi, python-god, on the Slave Coast, v. 66

Danish magic of footprints, i. 211

—— story of a girl who was forbidden to see the sun, x. 70 sqq.;

of the external soul, xi. 120 sqq.

Danserosse or danseresse, a stone in the wood of St. Antony near Epinal, x. 110

Danube, worship of Grannus on the, x. 112

Danzig, disposal of cut hair at, iii. 276 sq.;

the siege of, iii. 279 n. 4;

the last sheaf at harvest at, vii. 133, 218 sq.;

the immortal lady of, x. 100

Daphne gnidium gathered at Midsummer, xi. 51

Daphnephoria, Greek festival, ii. 63 n. 2.

See Laurel-bearing

Daphnis and the magic knots, in Virgil, iii. 305

[pg 237]

Daphnis, play by Sositheus, vii. 217

Dapper, O., on ritual of death and resurrection at initiation in the Belli-Paaro society, xi. 257 sqq.

Daramulun, a mythical being who instituted and superintends the initiation of lads in Australia, xi. 228, 233, 237;

his voice heard in the sound of the bull-roarer, xi. 228.

See also Thrumalun and Thuremlin

“Darding Knife,” pretence of death and resurrection at initiation to the, xi. 274 sq.

Dardistan, custom of swinging in, iv. 279

Dards, their belief that a storm follows the troubling of a spring, i. 301

Darfur, power of extinguishing fire ascribed to chaste women in, ii. 240 n. 3;

tampering with a man's shadow in, iii. 81;

the sultan of, veils his face, iii. 120;

etiquette at the court of the sultans of, iv. 39;

the people of, believe the liver to be the seat of the soul, viii. 147 sq.

Dargle Vale, Whitsuntide custom at, ii. 103 n. 3

Darien, the Indians of, concealment of personal names among, iii. 325

Darius, King, would not pass through a gate over which was a tomb, iii. 257

“Dark” moon and “light” moon, ix. 140, 141 n. 1

Darling River, funeral custom of tribes on the, i. 90;

custom as to extracted teeth among the tribes of the, i. 176;

the Karamundi nation on the, i. 257;

tributaries of the, iv. 180;

the Ualaroi of the, xi. 233

Darma Rajah, Hindoo god, fire-festival in honour of, xi. 6

Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis, vi. 67 n. 2;

his theory as to the date of the Gathas, vi. 84 n.

Darowen, in Wales, Midsummer fires at, x. 201

Darwin, Charles, and Empedocles, viii. 306;

on the cooling of the sun, xi. 307 n. 1

Darwin, Sir Francis, on double-headed bust at Nemi, i. 42 n. 1;

on rhamnus (buckthorn), ix. 153 n. 1;

on the Golden Bough, xi. 318, 319 n. 3

Dashers of churns, witches ride on, xi. 73 sq.

Dâsî, dancing-girl in India, v. 63

Dasius, St., martyrdom of, ix. 308 sqq.

See St. Dasius

Dassera festival in Nepaul, iii. 316, ix. 226 n. 1;

swings and kites at the, iv. 277

Dastarkon in Cappadocia, Cataonian Apollo at, v. 147 n. 3

Date of Chinese festival changed, x. 137

Date month when date-palms are artificially fertilized, ii. 25

—— -palm, artificial fertilization of the, ii. 24 sq., ix. 272 sq.

Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280

Dathi, king of Ireland, and his Druid, x. 228 sq.

Daughter of a god, v. 51

—— of a king, succession to kingdom by marriage with a, ii. 271, 277 sqq.

—— -in-law, her name not to be pronounced, iii. 338;

in ritual, viii. 121 sq.

Daughters of chiefs entrusted with the sacred fire among the Herero, ii. 215, 228

Dauphiné, the Bridegroom of the Month of May in, ii. 93;

the harvest Cat in, vii. 280 sq.

Daura, a Hausa kingdom, sick or infirm kings killed in, iv. 35;

custom of succession to the throne in, iv. 201

David, King, his conquest of Ammon, iii. 273, v. 19;

and the brazen serpent, iv. 86;

in relation to the old kings of Jerusalem, v. 18 sq.;

his taking of a census, v. 24;

as a harper, v. 52, 53, 54

—— and Goliath, v. 19 n. 2

—— and the King of Moab, iii. 273

—— and Saul, v. 21

Davies, J. Ceredig, as to witches in Wales, x. 321 n. 2

Davies, Professor T. Witton, on the date of the Book of Esther, ix. 360 n. 2

Davis, Mr. R. F., on harvest custom in Nottinghamshire, v. 238 n.

Dawkins, R. M., on a carnival custom in Thrace, vii. 25 n. 4, 29 n. 2

Dawn of the Day, prayers of adolescent girls to the, i. 70, x. 50 sq., 53, 98 n. 1

——, the rosy, in mythology, i. 334

Dawson, James, on the difference of language between husbands and wives among the aborigines of Victoria, iii. 347 sq.;

on the constellations observed by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308;

on sex totems in Victoria, xi. 216

Day of Blood in rites of Attis, v. 268, 285

—— of Stones, in Behar and Bengal, i. 279

Days of the Cross in Esthonia, i. 325

De Barros, Portuguese historian, on the custom of killing kings at Passier, iv. 51

De Goeje, M. J., on the rite of stone-throwing at Mecca, ix. 24 n. 1

De Groot, J. J. M., on the authority of the Chinese emperors, i. 416 sq.;

on [pg 238] the Chinese belief in tree-spirits, ii. 14;

on the Chinese theory of names, iii. 390

De Mortival, Roger, on the Boy Bishop at Salisbury, ix. 338

D'Orbigny, A., on the division of labour between the sexes among the South American Indians, vii. 120

De Plano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, v. 293

De Ricci, S., on the Celtic month Equos, ix. 343 n.

De Smet, J., on the sacrifice of a Sioux girl, vii. 239 n. 1

Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, vi. 239

Dead, hair offered to the, i. 31;

pretence of new birth at return of supposed dead man, i. 75;

belief of the Central Australian aborigines in the reincarnation of the, i. 96;

homoeopathic magic of the, i. 147 sqq.;

prayers and offerings to the, i. 163;

magic blent with the worship of the, i. 164;

making rain by means of the, i. 284 sqq.;

the illustrious, represented by masked men, ii. 178;

thunder and lightning made by the, ii. 183;

taboos on persons who have handled the, iii. 138 sqq.;

to name the dead a serious crime, iii. 352;

relations of the, change their names from fear of the ghost, iii. 356 sqq.;

incarnate in their namesakes, iii. 365 sqq.;

appear to the living in dreams, iii. 368, 374;

offerings of food to the, iii. 371, 372 n. 5, ix. 154;

deposited on platforms of sticks, iii. 372;

rebirth of the, iv. 70, vii. 85;

human blood offered to the, iv. 92 sq., 104;

incarnate in serpents, v. 82 sqq., xi. 211 sq.;

cuttings for the, v. 268;

Osiris king and judge of the, vi. 13 sq.;

the Egyptian, identified with Osiris, vi. 16;

magical uses made of their bodies, vi. 100 sqq.;

the worship of the, founded on the theory of the soul, vii. 181;

the fear of the, one of the most powerful factors in religious evolution, viii. 36 sq.;

buried in the houses, viii. 115;

bones of the, viii. 153 sq.;

mourners rub themselves with the fat or putrefying juices of the, viii. 162 sq.;

food eaten out of the hand of the, ix. 44 sq.;

worship of the, based on fear, ix. 98;

ghosts of the, periodically expelled, ix. 123 sq.;

annual sacrifices in honour of the, ix. 148 n. 1.

See also Ancestral spirits

——, communion with the, by means of food, viii. 154;

by swallowing their ashes, viii. 156 sqq.

——, festivals of the, iii. 367, 371, v. 220, vi. 51 sqq., x. 223 sq., 225 sq.;

at end of harvest, viii. 110;

bull-roarers sounded at, xi. 230 n.

——, names of, tabooed, iii. 349 sqq.;

not borne by the living, iii. 354

——, reincarnation of the, iii. 365 sqq., v. 82 sqq.;

in Central Australia, i. 196;

in America, v. 91;

in Africa, v. 91 sq.

——, sacrifices to the, i. 163, iii. 15, 88, 226 sq., iv. 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, xi. 178;

on their birthdays, i. 105

——, souls of the, trees animated by, ii. 29 sqq.;

in certain fish, ii. 30;

all malignant, iii. 145;

associated with falling stars, iv. 64 sqq.;

lodged in serpents, iv. 84;

received by their relations once a year, vi. 51 sqq., ix. 150 sqq.;

invoked to make the crops thrive, vii. 104;

supposed to partake of new grain, viii. 64;

supposed to be in caterpillars, viii. 275 sq.;

supposed to be in animals, viii. 285 sqq.;

disembodied, dreaded, ix. 77;

sit round the Midsummer fire, x. 183, 184;

first-fruits offered to, xi. 243.

See also Dead, spirits of the

——, spirits of the, the savage a slave to the, i. 217;

personated by living men, ii. 178, iii. 371, vi. 52, 53, 58;

in wild fig-trees, ii. 317, viii. 113;

thought to be incarnate in their namesakes, iii. 365 sqq.;

supposed to influence the crops, vii. 104;

offerings to, for the sake of the crops, vii. 228;

give rain, viii. 109 sq.;

first-fruits offered to, viii. 109 sq., 111 sqq., 115, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124 sqq.;

prayers to, viii. 112, 113, 124 sq.;

omnipresent, in the Philippine Islands, ix. 82;

swarm in the air, in Timor, ix. 85;

purification of mourners intended to protect them against, ix. 105 n. 1

See also Ancestral spirits

——, worship of the, ix. 97; perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit, v. 233 sqq.;

among the Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 176 sqq.

Dead body, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch, iii. 14;

defilement caused by, vii. 74

—— kings and chiefs in Africa turn into lions, leopards, hyaenas, hippopotamuses, etc., iv. 84;

dead kings in Africa worshipped, vi. 160 sqq.

—— kings of the Barotse worshipped, vi. 194 sq.; consulted as oracles, vi. 195

—— kings of Egypt worshipped, i. 418, vi. 160

—— kings of the Shilluk worshipped, iv. 24 sq., vi. 161 sqq.;

their spirits [pg 239] thought to possess sick people, iv. 25 sq.;

incarnate in animals, vi. 162, 163 sq.;

sacrifices offered to, vi. 162, 164, 166 sq.

Dead kings of Sofala, annual obsequies for, iv. 201;

consulted as oracles, iv. 201

—— kings of Uganda consulted as oracles, i. 196, iv. 200 sq., vi. 167, 171, 172;

human sacrifices to, vi. 173

—— man's hand used in magical ceremony, iv. 267 n. 1

—— men believed to beget children, v. 91, 264;

mutilated in order to disable their ghosts, viii. 271 sqq.

—— One, the, name applied to the last sheaf, iv. 254

—— Sea, v. 23

—— Sunday, iv. 239;

generally the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 221;

also called Mid-Lent, iv. 222 n. 1

Deane, Mrs. J. H., viii. 319 n. 2

Dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, i. 352 sqq.

Death, pretence of, in magic, i. 84;

infection of, i. 143;

at ebb tide, i. 167 sq.;

puppet called, carried out of village, ii. 73 sq.;

kept off by arrows, iii. 31;

mourners forbidden to sleep in house after a, iii. 37;

custom of covering up mirrors at a, iii. 94 sq.;

from imagination, iii. 135 sqq.;

sharp instruments tabooed after a, iii. 237, 238;

of the king of the Jinn, iv. 8;

preference for a violent, iv. 9 sqq.;

European fear of, iv. 135 sq., 146;

indifference to, displayed by many races, iv. 136 sqq.;

the “carrying out” of, iv. 221, 233 sqq., 246 sqq., ix. 227 sq., 230, 252, x. 119;

conception of, in relation to vegetation, iv. 252, 253 sq.;

in the corn, iv. 254;

represented at the maize harvest by a child covered with maize leaves, iv. 254;

and revival of vegetation, iv. 263 sq.;

in the fire as an apotheosis, v. 179 sq.;

the pollution of, vi. 227 sqq., viii. 85 n. 3;

banishment of the contagion of, ix. 37;

riddles propounded after a, ix. 121 n.;

the funeral of, ix. 205;

savage tales of the origin of, ix. 302 sqq.;

“the burying of,” x. 119;

omens of, xi. 54, 64;

customs observed by mourners after a death in order to escape from the ghost, xi. 174 sqq.;

identified with the sun, xi. 174 n. 1

——, the Angel of, iv. 177 sq.

——, effigy of, feared and abhorred, iv. 239 sq.;

potency of life attributed to, iv. 247 sqq.;

burnt in spring fires, xi. 21 sq.

—— of the Great Pan, iv. 6 sq.

Death, the Lord of, viii. 103

——, natural, of sacred king or priest, supposed fatal consequences of, iii. 6, 7;

regarded as a calamity, iv. 11 sq.

—— and resurrection, of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, iv. 261;

annual, of gods, v. 6, vii. 1, 12 sqq., 15;

of Adonis represented in his rites, v. 224 sq.;

of Attis, v. 272 sq., 306;

of Dionysus, v. 302 n. 4, vii. 14 sq.;

coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine, v. 308 sq.;

of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, vi. 85 sq.;

of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, vi. 126 sqq.;

drama of, at the Carnival, vii. 27 sq.;

of Eabani, ix. 398 sq.;

the ritual of, in initiatory ceremonies, xi. 225 sqq.;

in Australia, xi. 227 sqq.;

in New Guinea, xi. 239 sqq.;

in Fiji, xi. 243 sqq.;

in Rook, xi. 246;

in New Britain, xi. 246 sq.;

in Ceram, xi. 249 sqq.;

in Africa, xi. 251 sqq.;

in North America, xi. 266 sqq.;

traces of it elsewhere, xi. 276 sq.

Debang monastery at Lhasa, ix. 218

Debden in Essex, May garlands at, ii. 60

Debregeasia velutina, used to kindle fire by friction, xi. 8

Debschwitz or Dobschwitz, near Gera, the custom of “driving out Death” at, iv. 235

Debt of civilization to savagery, iii. 421 sq.

Deccan, the Gaolis of the, vii. 7

Deceiving the spirits of plants and trees, ii. 22 sqq.;

demons and ghosts by substituting effigies for living persons, viii. 94 sqq.

December, the Saturnalia held in, ii. 311 n. 4, ix. 306, 307, 345;

the twenty-fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice and the birthday of the Sun, v. 303 sqq.;

annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 145;

custom of the heathen of Harran in, ix. 263 sq.;

the last day of, Hogmanay, x. 266;

the twenty-first, St. Thomas's Day, x. 266

Decle, L., on heaps of sticks or stones to which passers-by add, ix. 11 n. 1;

on a custom of the kings of Uganda, x. 4 n. 1

Decline of magic with the growth of religion, i. 374

—— of the civic virtues under the influence of Oriental religions, v. 300 sq.

Ded or tet pillar, the backbone of Osiris, vi. 108 sq.

Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, v. 61 sqq.;

of men and women in Africa, v. 65 sqq.;

of children to gods, v. 79

[pg 240]

Dee, river in Aberdeenshire, holed stone in the, used by childless women, v. 36 n. 4, xi. 187

Deega marriage, ii. 271 n. 1

Deer, magic to attract, i. 109;

rule as to hamstringing, i. 115;

taboos observed during the hunting of, i. 122;

imitation of, as a homoeopathic charm, i. 155 sq.;

descent of Kalamants from a, iv. 126 sq.;

sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 n. 1;

flesh of, eaten to prolong life or to avoid fever, viii. 143;

not eaten by warriors, viii. 144;

treated with respect by American Indians, viii. 240 sqq.;

their bones not given to dogs, viii. 241, 242, 243;

Indian custom of cutting out the sinew of the thighs of, viii. 264 sqq.;

souls of dead in, viii. 286, 293 sq.

—— and the family of Lachlin, superstition concerning, xi. 284

Deer clan among the Moquis, viii. 178

—— -hoofs in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;

used to keep out ghosts, ix. 154 n.

Deffingen, in Swabia, Midsummer bonfires at, x. 166 sq.

Defiled hands, iii. 174.

See Hands

—— persons not allowed to look at corn, ii. 112

Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, v. 24 n. 2

Dehon, P., on witches as cats among the Oraons, xi. 312

Deification of deceased mandarins, i. 415

Deified men, sacrifices of, ix. 409

Deir el Bahari, paintings at, ii. 131, 133

Deiseal, deiseil, deisheal, dessil, according to the course of the sun, viii. 323, 324;

the right-hand turn, in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 150 n. 1, 154

Deities duplicated through dialectical differences in their names, ii. 380 sq.

See Gods

—— of vegetation as animals, viii. 1 sqq.

Deity, savage conception of, different from ours, i. 375 sq.;

communion with, viii. 325

Dejanira wooed by the river Achelous, ii. 161 sq.

Delagoa Bay, the Baronga of, i. 152, 267 sq., vii. 114, viii. 280;

the Thonga of, x. 29

Delaware Indians, their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 218;

their remedies for sins, ix. 263;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 54

Delbrück, B., on mother-kin among the Aryans, ii. 283 n. 5

Delena, in British New Guinea, evil magic at, i. 213

Delia, festival at Delos, i. 32 n. 2

Delian virgins and youths before marriage offer their hair on the grave of dead maidens, i. 28

Delirium, supposed cause of, iii. 83

Delivery, easy, granted to women by Diana, i. 12;

by trees, ii. 57 sq.;

charms to ensure women an, x. 49, 50 sq., 52;

women creep through a rifted rock to obtain an, xi. 189

Delmenhorst, in Oldenburg, Easter fires at, x. 142

Delos, graves of Hyperborean maidens in, i. 28, 33 sqq.;

Apollo and Artemis at, i. 28, 32-35;

new fire brought from, i. 32, x. 138;

the temple at, not to be entered after drinking wine, iii. 249 n. 2;

Theseus at, iv. 75;

sacred embassy to, vi. 244;

the calendar of, viii. 6 n.;

the Thesmophoria in, viii. 17 n. 2

Delphi, Apollo at, i. 28;

new fire sent from, i. 32 sq.;

gold and silver offerings at, i. 32 n. 1;

the common hearth at, i. 33;

grave of Apollo at, i. 34;

ceremony performed by the king at, i. 45 sq.;

slaughter of the python by Apollo at, iii. 223 n. 1;

tombs of Dionysus and Apollo at, iv. 3 sq., vii. 14;

festival of Crowning at, iv. 78 sqq.;

sacred oak at, iv. 80 sq.;

Apollo and the Dragon at, vi. 240;

perpetual fire at, xi. 91 n. 7;

the picture of Orpheus at, xi. 294;

Stheni, near, xi. 317

Delphic oracle, as to sacrifices to murdered Phocaeans, iv. 95;

on the cause of dearth, iv. 162;

as to first-fruits offered at Eleusis, vii. 55, 60;

on Athens as “the Metropolis of the Corn,” vii. 58

Delphinium Ajacis, the flower of Ajax, v. 314 n. 1

Delubrum, ancient explanation of the word, viii. 186 n.

Demeter, her sacred caverns, v. 88;

sacred vaults of, v. 278;

sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, vi. 41;

the month of, vi. 41;

mysteries of, at Eleusis, vi. 90;

at the well, vi. 111 n. 6;

identified with Isis, vi. 117;

mother of Dionysus by Zeus, vii. 14, 66;

Homeric Hymn to, vii. 35 sqq., 70;

her search for Persephone, vii. 36, 57;

institutes the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 37;

a personification of the corn, vii. 39, 40 sq.;

etymology of her name, vii. 40 n. 3, 131;

distinguished from the Earth-goddess, vii. 41, 43, 89;

associated with the threshing-floor, vii. 41 sq., 43, 47, 61 sq., 63, 64 sq.;

in art, vii. 43 sq., 67 sq., 88 sq.;

offerings of first-fruits to, vii. 46 sqq.;

surnamed Proerosia, vii. 51;

bestows corn on the Athenians and the Sicilians, vii. 54, 56 sq.;

worshipped [pg 241] in Sicily, vii. 56 sqq.;

sacrifices to her at sowing, vii. 57;

associated with seed-corn, vii. 58, 90;

her epithets, vii. 63 sq.;

her image at Eleusis, vii. 64;

her intrigue with Zeus, vii. 66;

her love-adventure in the furrows of a thrice-ploughed fallow-field, vii. 66, 69;

her ancient worship in Crete, vii. 131;

in relation to the pig, viii. 16 sqq.;

horse-headed, of Phigalia, viii. 21, 338;

said to have eaten the shoulder of Pelops, viii. 263;

rustic prototype of, viii. 334;

her mourning for Persephone, ix. 349;

the torches of, x. 340 n. 1;

serpents in the worship of, xi. 44 n.

Demeter, Black, vii. 263;

of Phigalia, viii. 21

—— the Corn Goddess, vii. 41 sqq., 56 sqq., 63 sqq., 77 sq.

—— the Corn Mother, vii. 53, 58 sq., 75, 131, 184, viii. 334

—— and ears of corn, v. 166

——, Eleusinian, at Ephesus, i. 47

——, Green, vii. 42, 63, 89 n. 2, 263

—— and Iasion, vii. 208

—— and the king's son at Eleusis, v. 180

—— and Persephone, vii. 35 sqq.;

their myth acted in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 39, 187 sq.;

resemblance of their artistic types, vii. 67 sq.;

their essential identity, vii. 90;

associated with death and immortality, vii. 90 sq.;

double personification of the corn as, vii. 208 sqq.;

masked dance in rites of, viii. 339;

represented by maskers wearing the heads of animals, viii. 339

—— and Poseidon, v. 280

—— and the snake of Cychreus, iv. 87 n. 5

——, Yellow, vii. 41 sq.

—— and Zeus, viii. 9;

their marriage at Eleusis, ii. 138 sq., vii. 65 sqq.

Demeter's corn, vii. 42

Demetrius Poliorcetes deified at Athens, i. 390 sq.

Demnat, in the Atlas, New Year rites at, x. 217, 218

Democracy to despotism, social revolution from, i. 371

Democritus, on the generation of serpents, viii. 146;

on a cure for scorpion bite, ix. 50 n. 1

Demon supposed to attack girls at puberty, x. 67 sq.;

festival of fire instituted to ban a, xi. 3.

See Demons

Demon-worship, ix. 94, 96.

See also Propitiation

Demonophobia in India, ix. 91

Demons, communion with, by drinking blood, i. 383;

of trees, ii. 33 sq., 35, 42;

abduction of souls by, iii. 58 sqq.;

of disease expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, iii. 105 sq.;

coco-nut oil a protection against, iii. 201;

infants exposed to the attacks of, iii. 235;

deceived by substitution of effigies for living persons, viii. 96 sq.;

of disease exorcized by masked devil-dancers, ix. 38;

bunged up, ix. 61 sq.; omnipresence of, ix. 72 sqq.;

thought to cause sickness and disease, famine, etc., ix. 92, 94, 95, 100, 102, 103, 109 sqq.;

propitiation of, ix. 93, 94, 96, 100;

religious purification intended to ward off, ix. 104;

public expulsion of, ix. 109 sqq.;

of cholera, ix. 116, 117, 123;

men disguised as, ix. 170 sq., 172, 173, 213, 214, 235;

conjured into images, ix. 171, 172, 173, 203, 204, 205;

decoyed by a pig, ix. 200, 201;

put to flight by clangour of metal, ix. 233;

banned by masks, ix. 246;

exorcized by bells, ix. 246 sq., 251;

attack women at puberty and childbirth, x. 24 n. 2;

expelled at the New Year, x. 134 sq.;

abroad on Midsummer Eve, x. 172;

ashes of holy fires a protection against, xi. 8, 17;

vervain a protection against, xi. 62;

guard treasures, xi. 65.

See also Devil, Devils, and Evil Spirits

Demons or ghosts averse to iron, iii. 232 sqq.;

deceived by dummies, viii. 96 sqq.;

repelled by gun-shots, viii. 99

Denderah or Dendereh, inscriptions at, vi. 11, 86 sqq., 89, 91, 130 n.;

the hall of Osiris at, vi. 110;

sculptures at, vii. 260

Dendit or Dengdit, “Great Rain,” the Supreme Being of the Dinkas, iv. 30, 32, viii. 40 n., 114 n. 2

Déné or Tinneh Indians, their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 91 sqq.;

the Western, tattooing among the, x. 98 n. 1

See also Tinneh

Denham Tracts, on need-fire in Yorkshire, x. 287 sq.

Denmark, precautions against witchcraft on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54;

Whitsun bride in, ii. 91 sq.;

oaks in the peat-bogs of, ii. 351;

the beechwoods of, ii. 351;

the Bronze Age in, ii. 351, 352;

the Iron Age in, ii. 352;

the Stone Age in, ii. 352;

the last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 139 sq., 231;

the Yule Boar in, vii. 300 sq.;

fires on St. John's Eve in, x. 171;

passing sick children through a hole in the ground in, x. 190, 191;

children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in, xi. 170, 172

Dennett, R. E., on prince-consorts in Loanga, ii. 277 n. 1

Deòce, a divine spirit in the kingdom of Kaffa, i. 410

[pg 242]

Departmental kings of nature, ii. 1 sqq.

Deputy, the expedient of dying by, iv. 56, 160

Derbyshire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n. 1

Derceto, the fish goddess of Ascalon, v. 34 n. 3, ix. 370 n. 1

Dercylus, on Cadmus and the dragon, iv. 84 n. 4

Derry, the oaks of, ii. 242 sq.;

the church of, ii. 363

Dervishes, inspired, i. 386;

the dancing, i. 408 n. 1;

revered in Syria, v. 77 n. 4;

of Asia Minor, v. 170

Descent of people from animals, viii. 25

—— of Persephone, vii. 46, viii. 17

Deslawen, village of Bohemia, expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night at, ix. 161

Despotic governments, the first advances made to civilization under, i. 218

Dessil. See Deiseal

Deucalion at Hierapolis, v. 162 n. 2

Deuteronomic redactor, v. 26 n. 1

Deuteronomy (iv. 17 sq.), prohibition of images of animals, i. 87 n. 1;

(xxiii. 10, 11), as to custom in time of war, iii. 158 n. 1;

(xii. 31, xviii. 9-12), on the sacrifice of children by fire, iv. 168;

(xv. 19 sq.), on the sanctification of the first-born, iv. 173 n. 1

——, publication of, v. 18 n. 3

Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as to sowing in, vi. 133 n. 3

Deux-Sèvres, department of, Midsummer fires in the, x. 191;

fires on All Saints' Day in the, x. 245 sq.

Dêvadâsî or Dêvaratiâl, dancing-girl in Travancore, v. 63 sq.

Devil driven away by paper kites, ix. 4;

seen on Midsummer Eve, x. 208;

his partiality for mustard, x. 208;

brings fern-seed on Christmas night, xi. 289

Devil-dancers, inspired, worshipped as deities in Southern India, i. 382;

their exorcism of demons, iv. 216;

conjure demons of disease into themselves, ix. 38

—— -driving in Chitral, ix. 137

Devil's bit, St. John's wort, xi. 55 n. 2

—— Neck, the, ix. 16, 30

—— shoestring (Tephrosia) in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Devils, abduction of souls by, iii. 58 sqq.;

personated by men, ix. 235;

ghosts, and hobgoblins abroad on Midsummer Eve, x. 202.

See Demons

Devonshire, cries of reapers in, vii. 264 sqq.;

cure for cough in, ix. 51;

need-fire in, x. 288;

animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, x. 302;

belief in witchcraft in, x. 302;

crawling under a bramble as a cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 180

Dew, washing in the, on May morning to ensure a fine complexion and guard against witchcraft, ii. 54, 67;

gathered on Midsummer morning protects cattle against witchcraft, ii. 127, xi. 74;

shepherds wash in the, on April 21st, ii. 327;

rolling or washing in the, on St. George's morning, ii. 333, 339;

protects cattle against witchcraft on St. George's morning, ii. 335;

washing or rolling in, on Midsummer Eve or Day, as a remedy for diseases of the skin, v. 246 sq., 248, x. 208, with n. 1;

a daughter of Zeus and the moon, vi. 137

“Dew-treading” in Holland, ii. 104 n. 2

Dharmi or Dharmesh, the Supreme God of the Oraons, ix. 92 sq.

Dhimals, the, of Assam, mourners shaved among, iii. 285

Dhinwar class in North-West India, girls of the, married to a god, ii. 149

Dhurma Rajah, incarnate deity in Bhotan, i. 410

DI, Aryan root meaning “bright,” ii. 381

Dia, Roman goddess, her grove on the Tiber, ii. 122

Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as, v. 302, 309 sq.

Diagora, elective monarchy in, ii. 293

Dialectical differences a cause of the duplication of deities, ii. 382 sq.

Diana, as patroness of cattle, i. 7, ii. 124;

as a torch-bearer, i. 12;

as goddess of childbirth, i. 12, 40, ii. 128, 378;

her festival on the 13th of August, i. 12, 14;

in relation to vines and fruits, i. 15 sq., ii. 128;

as a goddess of fertility, i. 40, 120 sqq., ii. 115, 378;

in relation to animals of the woods, ii. 121, 124, 125 sqq.;

associated with Silvanus, ii. 121;

groves sacred to, ii. 121;

as the moon, ii. 128;

on the Aventine, ii. 128;

Mount Algidus a haunt of, ii. 380;

her temple on Mount Tifata, ii. 380;

a Mother Goddess, v. 45

—— and Dianus, ii. 376 sqq., v. 27, 45

—— (Jana), a double of Juno, ii. 190 sq., 381 sq., xi. 302 n. 2

—— at Nemi, her sanctuary, i. 2 sqq., v. 45;

as huntress, i. 6;

priest of, i. 8 sqq., xi. 315;

as Vesta, i. 13, ii. 380;

mate of the King of the Wood, i. 40, 41, ii. 121, 380;

as a goddess of the oak, ii. 380

——, the Tauric, i. 10 sq.;

her bloody ritual, i. 11, 24

[pg 243]

Diana and Virbius, i. 19 sqq., 40 sq.;

perhaps annually married at Nemi, ii. 129

Diana's day, 13th of August, iii. 253

—— Mirror, the Lake of Nemi, i. 1, xi. 303

Dianus (Janus), a double of Jupiter, ii. 190 sq., 381 sq.

—— and Diana, ii. 376 sqq., v. 27, 45

Diapina, in West Africa, ii. 293

Diascorea, a species of, eaten by the Australian aborigines, vii. 127 n. 2

Diasia, an Athenian festival, cakes shaped like animals sacrificed at the, viii. 95 n. 2

Dice used in divination, ix. 220; played at festivals, ix. 350

Dickens, Charles, Martin Chuzzlewit quoted, i. 149 n. 5;

on death at ebb-tide, i. 168

Dictynna and Minos, iv. 73

Dido, her magical rites, iii. 312;

flees from Tyre, v. 50;

her traditional death in the fire, v. 114;

worshipped at Carthage, v. 114;

meaning of the name, v. 114 n. 1;

an Avatar of Astarte, v. 177;

how she procured the site of Carthage, vi. 250

Diels, Professor H., on human gods in ancient Greece, i. 390 n. 2

Dieppe, fishermen of, their tabooed words, iii. 396

Dieri, the, tribe of Central Australia, their magic for the multiplication of carpet-snakes and iguanas, i. 90;

their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 177;

rain-making ceremonies of, i. 255 sqq., xi. 232;

principal headman of, a medicine-man, i. 336;

believe certain trees to be their fathers transformed, ii. 29;

use of bull-roarers among, vii. 106, xi. 229 sq., 232;

drank blood of slain men to make themselves brave, viii. 151;

their expulsion of a demon, ix. 110;

their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77

Diet regulated on the principle of homoeopathic magic, i. 135;

of kings and priests regulated, iii. 291 sqq.

Dieterich, A., on rebirth, iii. 369 n. 3

Difference of language between husbands and wives, iii. 347 sq.;

between men and women, iii. 348 sq.

Digger Indians of California, ashes of dead smeared on head of mourner among the, viii. 164

Digging the fields, homoeopathic magic at, i. 139

Digging-sticks used by women, vii. 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128

Dijon, ox killed at harvest near, vii. 290;

Lenten fires at, x. 114

Diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, iii. 86 sq.

Dinant, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70

Dingelstedt, in district of Erfurt, harvest custom at, vii. 221

Dingle, church of St. Brandon near, xi. 190

Dinkas or Denkas, the, of the White Nile, iv. 28 sqq.;

magical powers of chiefs among, i. 347;

worship a supreme being called Dengdit, iv. 30;

totemism of, iv. 30 sq.;

their rain-makers, iv. 31 sqq.;

their rain-makers not allowed to die a natural death, iv. 33;

their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82 sq.;

pour milk on graves, v. 87;

their reverence for their cattle, viii. 37 sqq.;

their offering of first-fruits, viii. 114;

their use of cows as scapegoats, ix. 193

Dinkelsbühl in Bavaria, the Corn-mother at, vii. 133

Dinnschenchas or Dinnsenchus, early Irish document, iv. 183 n. 4

Dio Chrysostom, as to the soul on the lips, iii. 33;

on fame as a shadow, iii. 86 sq.;

on the people of Tarsus, v. 118;

on pyre at Tarsus, v. 126 n. 1;

on the Sacaea, ix. 368, 402 n. 1;

on Sardanapalus, ix. 390 n. 1;

his account of the treatment of the mock king of the Sacaea, ix. 414

Diocles, prince of Eleusis, vii. 37

Diodorus Siculus, on divine honours accorded to Hippolytus, i. 25 n. 1;

on adoption of Hercules by Hera, i. 74;

on the worship of Egyptian kings, i. 418 n. 2;

on Amulius Silvius, king of Alba, ii. 180;

on the origin of fire, ii. 256 n. 1;

on Peleus in Phthia, ii. 278 n. 4;

on the rules of life observed by Egyptian kings, iii. 12 sq.;

on the worship of Poseidon in Peloponnese, v. 203;

on the burial of Osiris, vi. 10 sq.;

on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 n. 1;

on the date of harvest in Egypt, vi. 32 n. 2;

on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 120;

on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, vi. 214;

on worship of Demeter and Persephone, vii. 56 sqq.;

on the laments of the Egyptian reapers, vii. 215;

on the human sacrifices of the Celts, xi. 32 Diomede, at Troezen, i. 27;

white horses sacrificed to, i. 27;

sacred grove of, i. 27;

marries the daughter of the king of Daunia, ii. 278 sq.;

human sacrifices to, iv. 166 n. 1, v. 145

Dionaea, Venus' fly-trap, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144

Dione, wife of Zeus at Dodona, ii. 189;

the old consort of Zeus, ii. 381, 382

[pg 244]

Dionysiac festival of the opening of the wine jars, ix. 351 sq.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, on the simplicity of Roman worship, ii. 202 sq.;

on the Etruscans, ii. 287 n. 4;

on Tarquin the Proud, ii. 291 n. 2

Dionysus, vii. 1 sqq.;

mated with Artemis, i. 36;

advises the Edonians to put their king Lycurgus to death, i. 366;

the Lenaean festival of, ii. 44;

marriage of, to the Queen of Athens, ii. 136 sq., vii. 30 sq.;

in the Marshes, sanctuary of, ii. 137;

as a bull, ii. 137 n. 1, v. 123, vii. 16 sq., 31, viii. 3 sqq.;

and Ariadne, ii. 138;

his face or body sometimes painted red, ii. 175;

identified with ivy, ii. 251;

in the city, festival of, iii. 316;

the tomb of, at Delphi, iv. 3;

human sacrifice consummated by a priest of, iv. 163;

boys sacrificed to, iv. 166 n. 1;

with vine and plough-man on a coin, v. 166;

ancient interpretation of, v. 194, 213;

death, resurrection, and ascension of, v. 302 n. 4, vii. 12 sqq., 32;

torn in pieces, vi. 98, vii. 13, 14;

and Lycurgus, vi. 98, vii. 24;

and Pentheus, vi. 98, vii. 24;

human sacrifices to, in Chios, vi. 98 sq., vii. 24;

his coarse symbolism, vi. 113;

identified with Osiris, vi. 113, vii. 3;

similarity of the rites of, to those of Osiris, vi. 113, 127;

race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, vi. 238;

men dressed as women in the rites of, vi. 258;

the effeminate, vi. 259;

god of the vine, vii. 2 sq.;

god of trees, vii. 3 sq.;

the Flowery, vii. 4; a god of agriculture and corn, vii. 5, 29;

and the winnowing-fan, vii. 5 sqq., 27, 29;

as Zagreus, vii. 12;

horned, vii. 12, 16;

son of Zeus by Persephone, Demeter, or Semele, vii. 12, 14;

the sacred heart of, vii. 13, 14, 15;

ritual of, vii. 14 sq.;

his grave at Delphi or at Thebes, vii. 14;

torn to pieces at Thebes, vii. 14, 25;

his descent into Hades, vii. 15;

as god of the dead, vii. 16;

live animals rent in rites of, vii. 17, 18, viii. 16;

as a goat, vii. 17 sq., viii. 1 sqq.;

human sacrifices in his rites, vii. 24;

his death and resurrection perhaps acted at the Anthesteria, vii. 32;

a barbarous deity, vii. 34;

son of Zeus and Demeter, vii. 66;

and the bull-roarer, vii. 110 n. 4;

his relations to Pan, Satyrs, and Silenuses, viii. 1 sqq.;

his resurrection perhaps enacted in his rites, viii. 16;

the Foxy, viii. 282;

and the drama, ix. 384

Dioscorides on mistletoe, xi. 318 n. 1

Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, vi. 110

Diphilus, king of Cyprus, v. 146

Dipping for apples at Hallowe'en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245

Dirk to be called by another name on meeting a goblin, iii. 396

Disappearance of early kings, iv. 28, 31

Disc, winged, as divine emblem, v. 132

Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, v. 30, 225

Discovery of fire, ii. 255 sqq.;

of the body of Osiris, vi. 85 sq.

Discs, burning, thrown into the air, x. 116 sq., 119, 143, 165, 166, 168 sq., 172, 328, 334;

burning, perhaps directed at witches, x. 345

Disease, demons of, expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, iii. 105 sq.;

transferred to other people, ix. 6 sq.;

transferred to tree, ix. 7;

transferred to effigies, ix. 7;

demons of, exorcized by devil-dancers, ix. 38;

caused by ghosts, ix. 85;

annual expulsion of, ix. 139;

sent away in little ships, ix. 185 sqq.;

walking through fire as a remedy for, xi. 7;

conceived as something physical that can be stripped off the patient and left behind, xi. 172.

See also Cures, Demons, Sickness

—— of language the supposed source of myths, vi. 42

Disease-makers in Tana, i. 341 sq.

Diseases thought to be caused by demons, ix. 92, 94, 95, 100, 102, 103

——- of cattle ascribed to witchcraft, x. 343

Disenchanting strangers, various modes of, iii. 102 sqq.

Disguises to avert the evil eye, vi. 262;

to deceive dangerous spirits, vi. 262 sq., 263 sq.

Dish, external soul of warlock in, xi. 141

Dishes, effect of eating out of sacred, iii. 4;

of sacred persons tabooed, iii. 131;

special, used by girls at puberty, x. 47, 49.

See Vessels

Disintegration, atomic, viii. 305

Dislike of people to have children like themselves, iii. 88 sq., iv. 287 (288 in Second Impression)

Dislocation, Roman cure for, xi. 177

Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested explanations of, vi. 97, vii. 262;

of Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, vi. 100, 102;

of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, vi. 101;

of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the country, vi. 101 sq.;

of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, vi. 188

Displacement of heathen festivals by two days in the Christian calendar, i. 14

[pg 245]

Disposal of cut hair and nails, iii. 267 sqq.

Ditino, deified dead kings of the Barotse, vi. 194

Dittenberger, W., on the Eleusinian games, vii. 77 n. 4

Dittmar, C. von, on the fear of demons among the Koryaks, ix. 100 sq.

Diurnal tenure of the kingship, iv. 118 sq.

Dius, a Macedonian month, vii. 46 n. 2

Divination from spittle, i. 99;

by casting stones, inspection of entrails, and interpretation of dreams, i. 344;

regalia employed as instruments of, i. 363;

various modes of, on May morning to discover who should be married first, ii. 67 sq.;

by flowers, ii. 345;

by wells, ii. 345;

as to love on St. George's Day among the Slavs, ii. 345 sq.;

by crystals, iii. 56;

by shoulder-blades, iii. 229, viii. 234;

by knotted threads, iii. 304 n. 5;

to determine the ancestor who is reborn in a child, iii. 368 sq.;

by tree and water at Delphi, iv. 80;

at Midsummer, v. 252 sq., x. 208 sq.;

magic dwindles into, vii. 110 n., x. 336;

by crocodile-hunter, viii. 210;

on Christmas Day, ix. 316 n. 1;

on Twelfth Night, ix. 316;

on St. John's Night (Midsummer Eve), x. 173, xi. 46 n. 3, 50, 52 sqq., 61, 64, 67 sqq.;

at Hallowe'en, x. 225, 228 sqq.;

by stones at Hallowe'en fires, x. 230 sq., 239, 240;

by stolen kail, x. 234 sq., 241;

by clue of yarn, x. 235, 240, 241, 243;

by hemp seed, x. 235, 241, 245;

by winnowing-basket, x. 236;

by thrown shoe, x. 236;

by wet shirt, x. 236, 241;

by white of eggs, x. 236 sq., 238;

by apples in water, x. 237;

by a ring, x. 237;

by names on chimney-piece, x. 237;

by three plates or basins, x. 237 sq., 240, 244;

by nuts in fire, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245;

by salt cake, or salt herring, x. 238 sq.;

by a sliced apple, x. 238;

by eavesdropping, x. 238, 243, 244;

by knife, x. 241; by briar-thorn, x. 242;

by melted lead, x. 242;

by cabbages, x. 242;

by cake at Hallowe'en, x. 242, 243; by ashes, x. 243, 244, 245;

by salt, x. 244;

by raking a rick, x. 247.

See also Divining-rod

Divine animal, killing the, viii. 169 sqq.

—— animals as scapegoats, ix. 216 sq., 226 sq.

“—— consort, the,” ii. 131

—— king, the killing of the, iv. 9 sqq.

—— kings of the Shilluk, iv. 17 sqq.

—— men as scapegoats, ix. 217 sqq., 226 sq.

Divine personages not allowed to touch the ground with their feet, x. 2 sqq.;

not allowed to see the sun, x. 18 sqq.;

suspended for safety between heaven and earth, x. 98 sq.

—— spirit incarnate in Shilluk kings, iv. 21, 26 sq.

Diviners, ancient, their rules of diet, viii. 143

Divining bones, vi. 180, 181

—— -rod cut on Midsummer Eve, xi. 67 sqq.;

made of hazel, xi. 67 sq., 291 n. 3;

made of mistletoe in Sweden, xi. 69, 291;

made of four sorts of wood, xi. 69;

made of willow, xi. 69 n.;

made out of a parasitic rowan, xi. 281 sq.

Divinities, human, bound by many rules, iii. 419 sq.;

of the volcano Kirauea, v. 217

Divinity of the Brahmans, i. 403 sq.

—— of chief supposed to reside in his eyes, viii. 153

—— claimed by Fijian chiefs, i. 389

—— of kings, i. 48 sqq., 372;

in the Pacific, i. 386 sqq.;

in Africa, i. 392 sq., 396;

among the Hovas, i. 397;

among the Sakkalava, i. 397 sq.;

among the Malays, i. 398;

in India, i. 403;

in great historical empires, i. 415 sqq.;

growth of the conception of the, ii. 376 sqq.;

among the Semites, v. 15 sqq.;

among the Lydians, v. 182 sqq.

Divisibility of life, doctrine of the, xi. 221

Division of labour in relation to social progress, i. 420;

between the sexes, vii. 129

Divorce of spiritual from temporal power, iii. 17 sqq.

Diwali, Hindoo feast of lamps, ii. 160, ix. 145

Dix Cove, in Guinea, crocodiles sacred at, viii. 287

Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls at, vi. 70

Dixon, Roland B., on the importance of shamans among the Maidu, i. 357

Dixon, Dr. W. E., on hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 139 n. 1

Djakuns of the Malay Peninsula, their mode of making fire, ii. 236

Djuldjul, girl dressed in leaves and flowers at rain-making ceremony, i. 274

Dobischwald, in Silesia, custom at threshing at, vii. 148;

need-fire at, x. 278

Dobrizhoffer, Father M., on the reluctance of the Abipones to utter their own names, iii. 328;

on changes of language among the Abipones, iii. 360;

on the [pg 246] respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, v. 258 n. 2

Doctrine of lunar sympathy, vi. 140 sqq.

Dôd, “beloved,” v. 19 n. 2, 20 n. 2

Dodge, Colonel R. I., on exorcism of strangers among North American Indians, iii. 105;

on the death of the Great Spirit, iv. 3

Dodola, girl clad in grass and herbs at rain-making ceremony, i. 273

Dodona, oracular spring at, ii. 172;

Zeus at, ii. 177;

Zeus and Dione at, ii. 189;

bronze gongs at, ii. 358 sq.;

Zeus and his oracular oak at, ii. 358, xi. 89 sq.

Dodwell, E., on image of Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 64

Dog, sacrificed to war-god, i. 173;

used in rain-making, i. 302;

used in stopping rain, i. 303;

sacrificed to tree-spirit, ii. 36;

sacrificed on roof of new house, ii. 39;

prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13;

killed instead of king, iv. 17;

corn-spirit as, vii. 271 sqq.;

of the harvest, vii. 273;

feast on flesh of, viii. 256;

Iroquois sacrifice of white, viii. 258 n. 1, ix. 127, 209;

transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299;

sickness transferred to, ix. 33;

cough transferred to, ix. 51;

fever transferred to, ix. 51;

sacrifice of, in time of smallpox, ix. 121;

as scapegoat, ix. 209 sq.;

not allowed to enter priest's house, x. 4;

beaten to ensure woman's fertility, x. 69;

charm against the bite of a mad, xi. 56;

a Batta totem, xi. 223.

See also Dogs

——, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291;

used to stop rain, i. 303

——, white, sacrifice of, viii. 258 n. 2, ix. 127, 209

Dog-demon of epilepsy, ix. 69 n.

—— -eating Spirit, vii. 21

Dog Star, red-haired puppies sacrificed to the, vii. 261;

supposed to blight the crops, vii. 261;

supposed by the ancients to cause the heat of summer, x. 332.

See Sirius

Dog's ghost feared by women, viii. 232 n. 1

Dogrib Indians will not taste blood, iii. 241;

do not pare nails of female children, iii. 263

Dogs crowned, i. 14, ii. 125 sq., 127 sq.;

sacrificed at the marriage of Sun and Earth, ii. 99;

witches turn into, ii. 334;

sacrificed and hung on trees of sacred grove, ii. 365;

bones of game kept from, iii. 206;

unclean, iii. 206;

tigers called, iii. 402, devoured in religious rites, vii. 19, 20, 21, 22;

their flesh or liver eaten to acquire bravery, viii. 145;

sacrificed at bear-feasts, viii. 196, 202;

not allowed to gnaw bones of slain animals, viii. 225, 238 sqq., 243, 259;

bones of deer not given to, viii. 241, 242, 243;

the resurrection of, viii. 256 sq.;

pairing, fertilizing virtue of stick which has been used to separate, ix. 264 sq.;

imitated by dancers, ix. 382.

See also Dog, Hounds

Dolac, need-fire at, x. 286

Doliche in Commagene, Jupiter Dolichenus at, v. 136

Doll made of last corn at harvest, vii. 140, 151, 153, 155, 157, 162.

See also Dolls

Dollar-bird associated with rain, i. 287 sq.

Dolls or puppets employed for the restoration of souls to their bodies, iii. 53 sqq., 62 sq.

See also Doll, Puppets

Dolmen, sick children passed through a hole in a, xi, 188

Domalde, a Swedish king, sacrificed for good seasons, i. 366 sq.

Domaszewski, Professor A., on the rites of Attis at Rome, v. 266 n. 2

Dominica rosae, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 n. 1

Domitian and the oak crown, ii. 177 n.

Dommartin, Lenten fires at, x. 109

Domovoy, Russian house-spirit, ii. 233 n. 1

Doms of India, their primitive beliefs, ii. 288 n. 1

Don Quixote, as to edible acorns, ii. 356

“Donald of the Ear,” magic effigy of, i. 69

Donar or Thunar, the German thunder god, the oak of, ii. 364

Door, the words for, in Aryan languages, ii. 384;

of house protected against fiends, viii. 96;

certain fish and portions of animals not to be brought into house through the, viii. 189 sq., 193, 196, 242 sq., 256;

separate, for girls at puberty, x. 43, 44.

See also Doors

Doorie, hill of, at Burghead, x. 267

Doorposts, blood of sacrificial victims smeared on, iii. 15, iv. 97, 175, 176 n. 1

Doors, Janus as a god of, ii. 383 sq.;

opened to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296, 297;

opened to facilitate death, iii. 309;

separate, used by menstruous women, x. 84

Doorway, to stand or loiter in the, forbidden under certain circumstances, i. 114;

creeping through narrow opening in, as a cure, xi. 181 sq.

Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, v. 201

Dordrecht, “dew-treading” at Whitsuntide at, ii. 104 n. 2

[pg 247]

Doreh in Dutch New Guinea, ghosts of the murdered driven away at, iii. 170;

the tug-of-war at, ix. 178

Doreh Bay in Dutch New Guinea, i. 125, iv. 288

Dorians, their superstition as to meteors, iv. 59

Dormice, charm against, viii. 281

Dorpat, rain-making at, i. 248

Dos Santos, J., on the divinity of African kings, i. 392;

on the method adopted by a Caffre king to prolong his life, vi. 222 sq.

Dosadhs, an Indian caste, the fire-walk among the, xi. 5

Dosuma, king of, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 3

Douay, procession of the giants at, xi. 33 sq.

Double, the afterbirth or placenta, regarded as a person's double, vi. 169 sq.

Double-axe, Midsummer king of the, x. 194

—— -headed axe, symbol of Sandan, v. 127;

carried by Lydian kings, v. 182;

a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, v. 182;

figured on coins, v. 183 n.

—— -headed bust at Nemi, i. 41 sq.

—— -headed eagle, Hittite emblem, v. 133 n.

—— -headed fetish among the Bush negroes of Surinam, ii. 385

—— -headed Janus, explanation of, ii. 384 sq.

—— -personification of the corn as male and female, vii. 163 sq.;

of the corn in female form as old and young, vii. 164 sqq., 209 sq.;

of the corn as mother and daughter, vii. 207 sqq.

Doubles, spiritual, of men and animals, in ancient Egypt, iii. 28 sq.

Doubs, Montagne de, bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night in the, ix. 316

Dough image of god eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 sqq., 90 sq.

—— images of animals sacrificed instead of the animals, viii. 95 n. 2

—— puppets as substitutes for live human beings, viii. 101 sq.

Douglas, Alexander, victim of witchcraft, ix. 39

Dourgne, in Southern France, crawling through holed stones near, xi. 187 sq.

Doutté, Edmond, on the invocation of jinn by their names, iii. 390;

on sacred prostitution in Morocco, v. 39 n. 3;

on the blessed influence (baraka), of Mohammedan saints, ix. 22

Dove, the ceremony of the fiery, at Easter in Florence, x. 126;

a Batta totem, xi. 223

Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, v. 126 n. 2, 147;

external soul of magicians in, xi. 104;

Aeneas led by doves to the Golden Bough, xi. 285, 316 n. 1

Doves, sacred, of Aphrodite, v. 33;

of Astarte, v. 147, ix. 370 n. 1

Down, County, “Winning the Churn” at harvest in, vii. 154 sq.

Dowries earned by prostitution, v. 38, 59

Dracaena terminalis, in magic, i. 159;

its leaves used to beat the sick, ix. 265

Dragon, rain-god represented as, i. 297, 298;

or serpent of water, ii. 155 sqq.;

the Slaying of the, at Furth, ii. 163 sq.;

effigy of, carried at Ragusa on St. George's Day, ii. 164 n. 1;

drama of the slaughter of the, iv. 78 sqq., 89;

myth of the slaughter of the, iv. 105 sqq.;

slain by Cadmus at Thebes, vi. 241;

at Midsummer, effigy of, xi. 37;

external soul of a queen in a, xi. 105;

of the water-mill, Servian story of the, xi. iii sqq.

—— and Apollo, at Delphi, iv. 78 sqq., vi. 240

—— of Rouen, destroyed by St. Romain, ii. 164 sqq., 167

—— of Tarascon, carried in procession on Whitsunday, ii. 170 n. 1

—— and Tiger mountains, palace of the head of Taoism on the, i. 413 sq.

Dragon-crest of kings, iv. 105

—— divinity of stream prayed to for rain, i. 291 sq.

—— stone thought to confer sharpness of vision, i. 165 n. 6

Dragon's blood, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 164;

knowledge of the language of birds learnt through tasting, viii. 146

Dragons, artificial, in rain-making, i. 297;

or serpents personated by kings, iv. 82;

driven away by smoke of Midsummer bonfires, x. 161;

St. Peter's fires lighted to drive away, x. 195

—— of water, folk-tales of virgins sacrificed to, ii. 155

Draguignan, in the department of Var, Midsummer fires at, x. 193

Drama, sacred, of the death and resurrection of Osiris, vi. 85 sq.;

modern Thracian, at the Carnival, vii. 25 sqq.;

magical, vii. 187 sq.

Dramas, magical, to promote vegetation, ii. 120;

for the regulation of the seasons, v. 4 sq.;

to ensure good crops, vii. 187 sq.

——, sacred, as magical rites, ix. 373 sqq.

Dramatic contests of actors representing Summer and Winter, iv. 254 sqq.

—— exhibitions sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. 142

[pg 248]

Dramatic performance instituted in time of plague to appease the god, ix. 65

—— representation of the resurrection of Osiris in his rites, vi. 85;

of the corn-spirit, viii. 325

—— rites practised with magical intention, vii. 1

—— weddings of gods and goddesses, ii. 121

Draupadi or Krishna, the wooing of the princess, ii. 306;

the heroine of the Mahabharata, xi. 7

Dravidian tribes of Northern India forbid a menstruous woman to touch house-thatch, i. 179 n. 1;

their cure for epilepsy, ix. 259 sq.

Drawing on wood or sand forbidden in absence of hunters, i. 122

Dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 76 sqq.;

dread of witchcraft in Europe, x. 342

Dream, guardian spirit or animal acquired in a, xi. 256 sq.

Dreaming on flowers on Midsummer Eve, x. 175.

See Dreams

Dreams, modes of counteracting evil, i. 172 sq.;

the telling of, a charm to calm a storm, i. 321;

the interpretation of, i. 344;

absence of soul in, iii. 36 sqq.;

belief of savages in the reality of, iii. 36 sq.;

omens drawn from, iii. 161, 163, 404, 406;

spirits of the dead appear to the living in, iii. 368, 374, vi. 162, 190;

revelations in, iv. 25;

women visited by a serpent in dreams in a sanctuary of Aesculapius, v. 80;

revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, v. 205;

as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, vi. 255 sqq.;

as a source of belief in immortality, viii. 260 sq.;

and their fulfilment in time of sickness, ix. 121;

festival of, among the Iroquois, ix. 127;

oracular, x. 238, 242;

of love on Midsummer Eve, xi. 52, 54;

prophetic, on the bloom of the oak, xi. 292;

prophetic, on mistletoe, xi. 293

Dreikönigstag, Twelfth Day in Germany and Austria, ix. 329

Drenching of people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 sq., 272, 273, 274, 275, 277 sq., ii. 77;

of trees as a rain-charm, ii. 47;

of leaf-clad mummer as a rain-charm, iv. 211;

of last corn cut with water as a rain-charm, v. 237 sq.

Drinking, modes of, practised by tabooed persons, iii. 117 sqq., 120, 143, 146, 147, 148, 160, 182, 183, 185, 189, 197, 198, 256;

juices of dead kinsfolk, viii. 163 n. 3

Drinking out of a king's skull in order to be inspired by his spirit, vi. 171

—— and eating, taboos on, iii. 116 sqq.

Drischila, a threshing cake in West Bohemia, vii. 150

Driver, Professor S. R., on the prae-Israelitish inhabitants of Canaan, iv. 170 n. 5;

on the consecration of the firstling males, iv. 173 n. 1

“Driving out the Witches” on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 162;

on Walpurgis Night in Voigtland, x. 160;

at Midsummer in Switzerland, x. 170, 171

Drobede (Draupadi), the heroine of the epic Mahabharata, xi. 7

Drömling, in Brunswick, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter at, iv. 257

Drömling district, in Hanover, need-fire in, x. 277

Drops of water in homoeopathic magic, i. 173

Dropsy, ancient Greek mode of preventing, i. 78;

ceremony to prevent, in India, i. 79

Drought, funeral of, a rain-making ceremony, i. 274;

supposed to be caused by unburied dead, i. 287;

violence done to the rain-powers in time of, i. 296 sqq.;

magical ceremony for causing, i. 313;

and dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, i. 352 sqq.;

rain-makers killed in time of, ii. 2, 3;

supposed to be caused by sexual crime, ii. 110, 111, 113;

supposed to be caused by a concealed miscarriage, iii. 153 sq.;

kings answerable for, v. 21 sq.;

attributed to misconduct of young girls, x. 31

Drowned, souls of the, thought to pass into trees, animals, or fish, ii. 30;

in holy spring, the sacred bull Apis, viii. 36

Drowning as a punishment for sexual crimes, ii. 109, 110, 111;

sacrifice by, ii. 364;

as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242, 243

Drowning girls in rivers as sacrifices, ii. 151 sq.

—— human victims as sacrifices to water-spirits, ii. 157 sqq.

Drowo, gods, in the language of the Ewe-speaking peoples of West Africa, ix. 74

Druid, purification performed by an Irish, ii. 116;

etymology of the word, x. 76 n. 1

Druid's Glass, certain beads called the, x. 16;

prediction, the, x. 229

Druidical festivals, so-called, of the Scotch Highlanders, x. 147, 206;

custom of [pg 249] burning live animals, xi. 38;

the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 sq., 43 sq.

Druidical sacrifices, W. Mannhardt's theory of the, xi. 43

Druidism, so-called, remains of, x. 233, 241;

and the Christian Church in relation to witchcraft, xi. 42

Druids, Lucan on the, i. 2 n. 1;

oak and mistletoe worshipped by the, ii. 9, 358, 362, xi. 76 sq., 301;

female, ii. 241 n. 1;

derivation of the name, ii. 363;

the Irish, ii. 363;

their superstition as to “serpents' eggs,” x. 15;

their human sacrifices, xi. 32 sq.;

in relation to the Midsummer festival, xi. 33 sqq., 45;

their cycle of thirty years, xi. 77;

catch the mistletoe in a white cloth, xi. 293

—— of Gaul, their sacrifices of white bulls, ii. 189

—— of Ireland, their custom of driving cattle between two fires at Beltane (May Day), x. 157

Druids' Hill, the, in County Sligo, x. 229

Drum, eating out of a, as a sacrament in the rites of Attis, v. 274

Drumconrath, near Abbeyleix, in Ireland, cut hair kept against the Day of Judgment at, iii. 280 sq.

Drums, homoeopathic magic at the making of, i. 134 sq.;

beaten as a charm against a storm, i. 328;

human sacrifice for royal, vi. 223, 225;

beaten to expel demons, ix. 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 126, 146, 204

Drunkard, corpse of, in rain-charm, i. 285

Dry food eaten, on principle of homoeopathic magic, i. 114, 144;

food to be eaten by rain-doctor when he wishes to avert rain, i. 271

Dryas, killed by his father King Lycurgus, vii. 24

—— and Clitus, their contest for a bride, ii. 307

Drynemetum, “the temple of the oak,” in Galatia, ii. 363, xi. 89

Du Chaillu, P. B., the Ashira dispute for the clippings of his hair, iii. 271 sq.

Du Pratz, Le Page, on the fire-temples of the Natchez, ii. 263;

on the festival of the new corn among the Natchez Indians, viii. 77 sqq.

Duala tribe of the Cameroons, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n. 1

Duals, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337

Dublin, Whitsuntide custom near, ii. 103;

custom on May Day at, ii. 141 sq.

Dubrajpur, in Bengal, rain-making at, i. 278

Dubrowitschi, a Russian village, expulsion of spirit of plague at, ix. 173

Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of Christmas, v. 305 n. 4;

on the date of the Crucifixion, v. 307

Duck, gripes transferred to a, ix. 50;

baked alive as a sacrifice in Suffolk, x. 304

Duck's egg, external soul in a, xi. 109 sq., 115 sq., 116, 119 sq., 120, 126, 130, 132

Ducks and frogs imitated in rain-making, i. 255

—— and ptarmigan, dramatic contest of the, iv. 259

Dudilaa, a spirit who lives in the sun, flesh of pig offered to, ix. 186

Dudulé, boy decked with ferns and flowers at rain-making ceremony, i. 274

Dugong, magical models of, i. 108;

skulls and bones of, preserved, viii. 258 n. 2

Dugong fishing, taboos in connexion with, iii. 192

Duk-duk, a disguised man representing a cassowary, xi. 247

Duk-duk, secret society of New Britain, New Ireland, and Duke of York Island, x. 11, xi. 246 sq.

Duke Town, on the Calabar River, crocodile animated by soul of chief at, xi. 209

—— Town, in Guinea, human sacrifices to the river at, ii. 158;

periodic expulsion of demons at, ix. 204 n. 1

Duke of York Island, xi. 199 n. 2;

the natives of, pay the fish for those which they catch, viii. 252;

Duk-duk society in, xi. 247;

exogamous classes in, xi. 248 n.

Dukkala, in Morocco, New Year customs in, x. 218

Dulyn, the tarn of, on Snowdon, i. 307

Dumannos, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343

Dumbartonshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157 sq., 218 n. 2;

harvest custom in, vii. 268;

Hallowe'en in, x. 237 n. 5

Dumfriesshire, mode of cutting the last standing corn in, vii. 154

Dummies to avert attention of ghosts or demons, viii. 96 sqq.

“Dumping” people on harvest field, vii. 226 sq.

Dumplings in human form at threshing, vii. 148;

in form of pigs at harvest supper, vii. 299

Dunbeath, in Caithness, need-fire at, x. 291

[pg 250]

Duncan, Mr., on the ceremonial cannibalism of the coast tribes of British Columbia, vii. 18 sq.

Dung-beetle imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381

Dunkeld, Hallowe'en fires near, x. 232

Dunkirk, procession of giants on Midsummer Day at, xi. 34 sq.

Dunvegan, the laird of, supposed to attract herring, i. 368

Duplication of deities, vii. 212 sq., ix. 405 sq.;

an effect of dialectical differences, ii. 382 sq.

Duran, Diego, Spanish historian of Mexico, ix. 295 n. 1;

on the human representative of Xipe, “the Flayed God,” ix. 297;

on the date of the festival of the flaying of men, ix. 300 n. 1

Durandus, G. (W. Durantis), his Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, x. 161

Durga, image of, in a magical ceremony, i. 65

Durham, Miss M. E., on Albanian superstition as to portraits, iii. 100

Durham, the mell or kirn at harvest in, vii. 151;

Easter candle in the cathedral of, x. 122 n.

Durian-tree threatened in order to make it bear fruit, ii. 20 sq.

Durostorum in Moesia, martyrdom of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 n. 1;

celebration of the Saturnalia at, ix. 309

Dürrenbüchig, in Baden, the last sheaf called Goat at, vii. 283

Durris, parish of Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires in the, x. 206 sq.

Durrow, the oaks of, ii. 242

Dusk of the Evening, prayers of girl at puberty to the, x. 53

Dussaud, Réné, on stones deposited at shrines, ix. 22 n. 2

Düsseldorf, Shrove Tuesday custom in the district of, x. 120

Dussera festival in Behar, i. 279

Dusuns of Borneo, their suspicion of novelties, iii. 230;

their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 200 sq.

Dutch custom at the madder-harvest, vii. 231;

names for mistletoe, xi. 319 n. 1

Dux, in the Tyrol, “striking down the dog” at harvest at, vii. 273

Dwandwes, a Zulu tribe, change of name for the sun among the, iii. 376 sq.

Dwarf-elder at Midsummer detects witchcraft, xi. 64

Dwarf tribes of Central Africa, their custom at circumcision, i. 95 n. 4;

said not to know how to make fire, ii. 255

Dyak medicine-men, homoeopathic cure effected by, i. 84;

their use of crystals in divination, iii. 56

Dyak mode of fishing for a lost soul, iii. 38

—— sorcerer, his use of effigies to heal a child, viii. 102