General Index (continued 14)

—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, v. 283

Polynesians, oracular inspiration of priests among the, i. 377;

their mode of kindling fire, ii. 258;

their way of ridding themselves of sacred contagion, viii. 28

Polynices and Eteocles, their grave at Thebes, ii. 33

Polytheism evolved out of animism, ii. 45

Pomegranate, growing on the grave of fratricides, ii. 33;

causes virgin to conceive, v. 263, 269

Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 n. 7;

sprung from blood of Dionysus, vii. 14;

seeds of, not eaten at the Thesmophoria, vii. 14;

not to be brought into the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46

Pomerania, cut hair burnt in, iii. 282 sq.;

treatment of passers-by at harvest in, vii. 229 sq.;

sticks or stones piled on graves of suicides in, ix. 17;

hills called the Blocksberg in, x. 171 n. 3

Pometia sacked by the Romans, i. 22

Pommerol, Dr., on Granno and Grannus, x. 112

Pomona and Vertumnus, vi. 235 n. 6

Pomos of California, their expulsion of devils, ix. 170 sq.

Pompeii, plan of labyrinth at, iv. 76

Pompey the Great beheads the last king Cinyras of Byblus, v. 27

Pompilia, mother of Ancus Martius, ii. 270 n. 4

Ponape, one of the Caroline Islands, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 184 sq.;

special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i. 401 n. 3;

kings and viziers in, iii. 25;

the king of, his long hair, iii. 259;

changes of vocabulary caused by fear of naming the dead in, iii. 362

Pond, G. H., on ritual of death and resurrection among the Dacotas, xi. 269

Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, attribute drought to wrath of dead chief, vi. 177

Pondos, of South Africa, their festival of new fruits, viii. 66 sq.

Pongal feast, in the Madras Presidency, vii. 244.

See Pongol

Pongau district of Salzburg, the Perchten maskers in, ix. 244

Pongol, a family festival among the Hindoos of Southern India, viii. 56;

Feast of Ingathering in Southern India, fires kindled at, xi. 1, 16

Ponnani River, near Calicut, iv. 49

Pons Sublicius at Rome built without iron, iii. 230

Pont à Mousson, calf killed at harvest at, vii. 290

Pontarlier, Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 316

Pontaven in Finistère, effigy (of Carnival) [pg 418] thrown into the sea on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230

Pontesbury, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, x. 257

Pontifex Maximus at Rome, his relation to the Vestals, ii. 228

Pontiff of Zela in Pontus, ix. 370, 372

Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanagement of the Julian calendar, vi. 93 n. 1;

celebrated the marriage of Orcus, vi. 231;

regulate Roman calendar, vii. 83

—— and Vestals threw puppets into the Tiber at Rome, viii. 107

Pontifical law at Rome, iii. 391 n. 1

Pontus, the Mosyni or Mosynoeci of, iii. 124;

sacred prostitution in, v. 39, 58;

rapid spread of Christianity in, ix. 420 sq.

Poona, rain-making at, i. 275;

incarnation of elephant-headed god at, i. 405

Poor Man, name applied to the corn-spirit after harvest, vii. 231

—— Old Woman, corn left on field for, vii. 231 sq.

—— Woman, name applied to the corn-spirit after harvest, vii. 231

Popayan, district of Colombia, the Indians of, will not kill deer, viii. 286

Pope or Patriarch of Fools, elected on St. Stephen's Day, ix. 334

Popinjay, shooting at a, x. 194

Popish Kingdome, The, of Thomas Kirchmeyer, x. 125 sq., 162

Poplar in magic, i. 145;

burned on St. Peter's Day, ii. 141

——, black, mistletoe on, xi. 318 n. 6

——, the silver, used to ban fiends, ii. 336

——, the white, at Olympia, a substitute for the oak, ii. 220;

used in sacrificing to Zeus at Olympia, xi. 90 n. 1, 91 n. 7

Poplar-wood used to kindle need-fire, x. 282

Poplars burnt on Shrove Tuesday, iv. 224 n. 1

Poppies as symbols of Demeter, vii. 43 sq.

Poppy, the, cultivated for opium, vii. 242

Populonia, an unmarried Roman goddess, vi. 231

Populus trichocarpa in homoeopathic magic, i. 145

Porcupine, a Bechuana totem, viii. 164 sq.;

respected by some Indians, viii. 243;

transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299;

as charm to ensure women an easy delivery, x. 49

Pork forbidden to enchanters of crops, vii. 100 sq.;

not eaten by field labourers, viii. 33;

taboo as to entering a sanctuary after eating, viii. 85;

reason for not eating, viii. 296.

See also Pig's flesh and Swine's flesh

Porphyry, on a human god in Egypt, i. 390;

on the souls of trees, ii. 12;

on Phoenician sacrifices of children, iv. 167, 179;

on the Bouphonia, viii. 5 n. 1;

on the homoeopathic diet of diviners, viii. 143 n. 7;

on demons, ix. 104

Porridge smeared on body as a purification, iii. 176

Port Charlotte in Islay, vii. 166;

stone used in cure for toothache near, ix. 62

—— Darwin, in Australia, conception in women not regarded as a direct result of cohabitation among the tribes about, v. 103

—— Lincoln tribe of South Australia, prohibition to mention the names ofthe dead in the, iii. 365;

their superstition as to lizards, xi. 216 sq.

—— Moresby, in British New Guinea, ix. 84;

taboos as to trading voyages at, iii. 203;

homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet at, viii. 145

—— Stephens (Stevens), in New South Wales, burial at flood tide among the natives at, i. 168;

medicine-men drive away rain at, i. 253

Porta Capena at Rome, i. 18, ii. 185, v. 273

Porta Querquetulana at Rome, ii. 185 n. 3

—— Triumphalis at Rome, xi. 195

Porto Novo, the negroes of, their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 265;

the King of Night at, ii. 23 sq.;

in Guinea, precaution taken by executioner against the ghosts of his victims at, iii. 171;

on the Slave Coast, vicarious human sacrifices at, iv. 117;

annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 205

Portrait statues, external souls of Egyptian kings deposited in, xi. 157

Portraits, souls in, iii. 96 sqq.;

supposed dangers of, iii. 96 sqq.

Portreath, sacrifice of a calf near, to cure disease of cows and horses, x. 301

Portugal, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 sq.

Poseideon, an Attic month, vii. 62

Poseidon, sanctuary of, at Troezen, i. 27;

mated with Artemis, i. 36;

bull sacrificed to, i. 46;

represented as father of Demetrius Poliorcetes, i. 391;

identified with Erechtheus, iv. 87;

the Establisher or Securer, v. 195 sq.;

the earthquake god, v. 195, 202 sq.;

his intrigue with Demeter, v. 280, viii. 21;

first-fruits sacrificed to, viii. 133;

cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351;

priest of, uses a white [pg 419] umbrella, x. 20 n. 1;

makes Pterelaus immortal, xi. 103

Posidonius, ancient Greek traveller in Gaul, on indifference of Celts to death, iv. 142;

on human sacrifices among the Celts, xi. 32

Poso, a district of Central Celebes, inspired priestesses in, i. 379 sq.;

ears of rice fed like children in, ii. 29;

belief as to tree-demons in, ii. 35;

ceremony performed by farmer's wife in, when the rice crop is not thriving, ii. 104;

stranger taken for a spirit in, vii. 236;

jawbones of deer and wild pigs propitiated by hunters in, viii. 244 sq.;

custom at the working of iron in, xi. 154

——, the Alfoors of, offer puppets to demons, iii. 62;

will not pronounce their own names, iii. 332;

may not pronounce the names of their fathers, mothers, grandparents, and parents-in-law, iii. 340;

forbidden to use ordinary language in harvest-field, iii. 411;

ask riddles while watching the crops, vii. 194;

think that every man has three souls, xi. 222

Possession by the spirits of dead kings or chiefs, iv. 25 sq., vi. 192 sq.;

of priest or priestess by a divine spirit, v. 66, 68 sq., 72 sqq.;

by an evil spirit, cured by passing through a red-hot chain, xi. 186

Posterli, annual expulsion of, at Entlebuch in Switzerland, ix. 214

Pot in ashes, imprint of, effaced from superstitious motives, i. 214

Potala Hill at Lhasa, ix. 197

——, palace of the Dalai Lama at Lhasa, i. 412 n. 1

Potato-dog, said to be killed at end of digging the potatoes, vii. 272 sq.

—— -mother, among the Indians of Peru, vii. 172, 173 n.

—— -wolf, said to be caught in the last potatoes, vii. 271;

name given to woman who gathers the last potatoes, vii. 274

Potatoes, magical stones for the increase of, i. 162;

fertilized by a fairy banner, i. 368;

customs at eating new, viii. 50, 51

Potawatomi Indians, their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 218;

their women secluded at menstruation, x. 89

Potlatch, distribution of property, among the Carrier Indians, xi. 274

Potniae in Boeotia, goat substituted for child as victim in rites of Dionysus at, iv. 166 n. 1, vii. 24;

priest of Dionysus killed at, vi. 99 n. 1

Potrimpo, old Prussian god, his priest bound to sleep on bare earth for three nights before sacrificing, ii. 248

Pots of basil on St. John's Day in Sicily, v. 245

—— used by girls at puberty broken, x. 61, 69.

See also Vessels

Potter in Southern India, custom observed by a, v. 191 n. 2

Potters in Uganda bake their pots when the moon is waxing, vi. 135

Pottery, primitive, employed in Roman ritual, ii. 202 sqq.;

superstitions as to the making of, among the Yuracares of Bolivia and the Ba-Ronga of South Africa, ii. 204 sq.

Pouilly, near Dijon, ox killed on harvest-field at, vii. 290

Poverty, annual expulsion of, ix. 144 sq.

Powder, magic, rubbed into wounds for purpose of inoculation, viii. 159

Powers, Stephen, on the secrecy of personal names among the Californian Indians, iii. 326;

on the expulsion of devils among the Pomos of California, ix. 170 sq.

Powers, extraordinary, ascribed to first-born children, x. 295

Powhatan, an assumed Indian name, iii. 318

Pozega district of Slavonia, need-fire in, x. 282

Prabat, in Siam, Footprint of Buddha at, iii. 275

Practical man, the plain, i. 243

Praeneste, Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of, vi. 234;

founded by Caeculus, ii. 197, vi. 235

Praetorius, Matthaeus, on the old Lithuanian god Pergrubius, ii. 347 n. 1;

his work on old Lithuanian customs, viii. 50 n. 1

Praetors, the consuls at first called, ii. 291 n. 1

Prague, pieces of the May-tree burned in the district of, ii. 71;

the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 73

Prajapati, the creator, his mystic sacrifice in the daily ritual of the Brahmans, ix. 411

Pramantha, the upper part of the Brahman fire-drill, ii. 249

Prättigau in Switzerland, Lenten fire-customat, x. 119

Pratz, Le Page du, on the festival of new corn among the Natchez Indians, viii. 77 sqq.

Prauss, in Silesia, race of girls at harvest at, vii. 76

Prayer to the tulasi plant, ii. 26;

the Roman shepherd's, ii. 327;

to Pergrubius, [pg 420] ii. 347;

the materialization of, ix. 22 n. 2;

at sowing, ix. 138

Prayer, the Place of, viii. 113

—— and spell, vii. 105

Prayers to the sun, i. 72, 312;

for rain to ancestors, i. 285, 286, 287, 346;

for rain to skulls of racoons, i. 288;

for rain to dragon, i. 291 sq.;

to king's ancestors, i. 352;

to sunflower roots, ii. 13;

for rain to the spirit who controls the rain, ii. 46;

to Zeus for rain, ii. 359;

to Jupiter for rain, ii. 362;

to Thunder, ii. 367 sq.;

to an oak, ii. 372;

for rain to Nyakang, iv. 20;

to dead ancestors, vi. 175 sq., 178 sq., 183 sq.;

to dead kings, vi. 192;

for rain at Eleusis, vii. 69;

to the spirits of the dead, viii. 112, 113, 124 sq.;

to dead animals, viii. 184, 197, 224, 225, 226, 235, 236, 243, 253, 293;

to crocodile goddess, viii. 212;

to shark-idol, viii. 292;

at cairns or heaps of sticks or leaves, ix. 26, 28, 29 sq.;

of adolescent girls to the Dawn of Day, x. 50 sq., 53, 98 n. 1;

to the Rain-makers up aloft, x. 133;

to ancestral spirits, xi. 243

Preachers to fish, viii. 250 sq.

Precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 52 sqq., ix. 267;

against witches on St. George's Day, ii. 354 sqq.;

against witches on Walpurgis Night (Eve of May Day), ix. 158 sqq.;

against witches during the Twelve Days, ix. 164 sq.;

against witches on Midsummer Eve, xi. 73 sqq.

Precious stones, homoeopathic magic of, i. 164 sq.

Pre-existence of the human soul, belief in the, i. 104

Preference for a violent death, iv. 9 sqq.

Pregnancy, ceremony in seventh month of, i. 72 sq.;

husband's hair kept unshorn during wife's, iii. 261;

conduct of husband during wife's, iii. 294, 295;

superstitions as to knots during wife's, iii. 294 sq.;

funeral rites performed for a father in the fifth month of his wife's, iv. 189;

causes of, unknown, v. 92 sq., 106 sq.;

Australian beliefs as to the causes of, v. 99 sqq.

Pregnant cows sacrificed to ensure fertility, i. 141;

sacrificed to the Earth goddess, ii. 229

—— women, forbidden to spin or twist ropes, i. 114;

not to loiter in the doorways of houses where there are, i. 114;

employed to fertilize crops and fruit-trees, i. 140 sq., ii. 101;

taboos on, i. 141 n. 1;

their superstitions about shadows, iii. 82 sq.;

carry nim leaves or iron to scare evil spirits, iii. 234;

may not sew or use sharp instruments, iii. 238;

loosen their hair, iii. 311;

mode of protecting them against dangerous spirits, viii. 102 sq.;

fowls used to divert evil spirits from, ix. 31

Preller, L., on the marriage of Dionysus and Ariadne, ii. 138

Premature birth, Esquimau ideas as to, iii. 152;

to be announced publicly, iii. 213.

See Miscarriage

Presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester's day, iii. 88

Presteign in Radnorshire, the tug-of-war at, ix. 182 sq.

Pretence made by reapers of mowing down visiters to the harvest-field, vii. 229 sq.;

of throwing people into fire, x. 110, 148, 186, xi. 25

—— of human sacrifices substituted for the reality, iv. 214 sqq.;

at Christmas, vii. 302

Pretenders to divinity among Christians, i. 407 sqq.

Priapus, image of, at need-fire, x. 286

Pricking patient with needles to expel demons of disease, iii. 106

Priene, Panionian festival at, i. 46

Priest drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 277, ii. 77;

rolled on fields as fertility charm, ii. 103;

chief acting as, ii. 215 sqq., viii. 126;

brings back lost soul in a cloth, iii. 48, 64;

recovers lost souls from the sun-god, iii. 64;

conjures lost soul into a cup, iii. 67;

catches the spirit of a god in a snare, iii. 69;

inspired by spirit of dead king and giving oracles in his name, iv. 200 sq.;

sows and plucks the first rice, viii. 54;

the corpse-praying, ix. 45.

See also Priests and High priest

—— of Aricia and the Golden Bough, x. i.

—— of Diana at Nemi, i. 8 sqq.;

at Aricia, the King of the Wood, perhaps personified Jupiter, xi. 302 sq.

—— of Dionysus at the Agrionia, iv. 163

—— of Earth, taboos observed by the, x. 4

—— and magician, their antagonism, i. 226

—— of Nemi, i. 8 sqq., 40, 41, ii. 376, 378, 386, 387, xi. 315.

See also King of the Wood

—— of Poseidon, x. 20 n. 1

—— of the Sun, x. 20 n. 1

—— of Zeus on Mount Lycaeus, ii. 359

Priestess of the holy fire among the Herero, ii. 215;

identified with goddess, v. 219;

head of the State under a system of mother-kin, vi. 203;

of Athena, x. 20 n. 1

Priestesses, inspired, i. 379 sq., 381 sq.;

as physicians, bring back lost souls, iii. 53 sq.;

more important than priests, [pg 421] v. 45, 46;

of Perasian Artemis walk over fire, v. 115, 168;

beat corpse to exorcize a demon, ix. 260;

not allowed to step on ground, x. 5

Priestesses, virgin, in the island of Sena, ii. 241 n. 1;

of fire in Peru, ii. 243 sq.;

of fire in Mexico, ii. 245;

of fire in Yucatan, ii. 245 sq.

Priesthood of Aphrodite at Paphos, v. 43;

vacated on death of priest's wife, v. 45;

of Hercules at Tarsus, v. 143

Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, v. 140 sq.

—— functions exercised by chiefs in New Britain, i. 340;

gradually acquired by kings, i. 372

—— king and queen personating god and goddess, v. 45

—— kings, i. 44 sqq., v. 42, 43;

of Sheba, iii. 125;

of the Nubas, iii. 132;

of Olba, v. 143 sqq., 161;

Adonis personated by, v. 223 sqq.

Priests, magical powers attributed to priests by French peasants, i. 231-233;

inspired by gods in the Southern Pacific, i. 377 sq.;

ancient Egyptian, recover lost souls, iii. 68;

influence wielded by, iii. 107;

to be shaved with bronze, iii. 226;

their hair unshorn, iii. 259, 260;

foods tabooed to, iii. 291;

personate gods, v. 45, 46 sqq., ix. 287;

tattoo-marks of, v. 74 n. 4;

not allowed to be widowers, vi. 227 sqq.;

dressed as women, vi. 253 sqq.;

first-fruits belong to, viii. 125;

of sharks cover their bodies with the appearance of scales, viii. 292;

sacrifice human victims, ix. 279, 280 sq., 284, 286, 287, 290, 292, 294, 298, 301;

expected to pass through fire, xi. 2, 5, 8, 9, 14

—— of Astarte, kings as, v. 26

—— of Attis, the emasculated, v. 265, 266

——, Jewish, their rule as to the pollution of death, vi. 230

—— of Tetzcatlipoca, viii. 165

—— of Zeus at the Corycian cave, v. 145, 155

Primitive ritual, marks of, vii. 169

—— thought, its vagueness and inconsistency, xi. 301 sq.

Primroses on threshold as a charm against witches, ii. 52

Prince Sunless, x. 21

Prince of Wales Islands, Torres Strait, the Kowraregas of, iii. 346, 358 sq.;

natives of, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 64 sq.;

their treatment of girls at puberty in, x. 40

Princess royal, ceremonies at the puberty of a, x. 29, 30 sq.

Princesses married to foreigners or men of low birth, ii. 274 sqq.;

licence accorded to, in Loango, ii. 276 sq.

Prisoner condemned to death, treated as king for five days, iv. 113 sq., ix. 355

Prisoners shaved and their shorn hair kept as security for their good behaviour, iii. 273;

released at festivals, iii. 316

Private magic, i. 214 sq.

Privilege of the chapter of Rouen Cathedral to pardon a criminal once a year, ii. 165

Proa, demons of sickness expelled in a, ix. 185 sqq.;

diseases sent away in a, ix. 199 sq.

See also Ship

Proarcturia, a Greek festival, vii. 51

Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, v. 273;

with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at Lerwick, x. 268

Processions with ships perhaps rain-charms, i. 251 n. 3;

for rain in Sicily, i. 300;

carved on rocks at Boghaz-Keui, v. 129 sqq.;

in honour of Adonis, v. 224 sq., 227 n., 236 n. 1;

with bears from house to house, viii. 192;

with sacred animals, viii. 316 sqq.;

of men disguised as animals, viii. 325 sqq.;

for the expulsion of demons, ix. 117, 233;

of monks and maskers at the Tibetan New Year, ix. 203;

of mummers in Salzburg and the Tyrol, ix. 240, 242 sqq.;

to drive away demons of infertility, ix. 245;

bell-ringing, at the Carnival, ix. 247;

of maskers, W. Mannhardt on, ix. 250;

with lighted torches through fields, gardens, orchards, etc., x. 107 sq., 110 sqq., 113 sqq., 141, 179, 233 sq., 266, 339 sq.;

on Corpus Christi Day, x. 165;

to the Midsummer bonfires, x. 184, 185, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193;

across fiery furnaces, xi. 4 sqq.;

of giants (effigies) at popular festivals in Europe, xi. 33 sqq.

—— and dances in honour of the dead, viii. 111

Proclus on Dionysus, vii. 13

Procopius, on the custom of putting the sick and old to death among the Heruli, iv. 14;

on the god of lightning of the Slavs, ii. 365;

on the annual disappearance of the sun for forty days in Thule, ix. 125 n. 1

Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, v. 106 sq.

Procreative virtue attributed to fire, ii. 233

Procris, her incest with her father Erechtheus, v. 44

Proculus, Julius, bids the Romans worship Romulus as a god, ii. 182

Proerosia, “Before the Ploughing,” a Greek festival of Demeter, vii. 50 sqq., 60, 108

[pg 422]

Profligacy at rites designed to promote the fertility of trees and plants, ii. 97, 104;

of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, v. 48;

at Holi festival in India, xi. 2

Progress, the magician's, i. 214 sqq.;

intellectual, dependent on economic progress, i. 218;

industrial and political, i. 421

Prohibited degrees of kinship, the system of, perhaps based historically on superstition, ii. 117

Promathion's History of Italy, ii. 196, 197

Prometheus, his theft of fire, ii. 260

Propertius, on the Vestals, i. 18 n. 5;

on the throwing of stones at a grave, ix. 19 sq.

Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, vi. 203 n. 1;

landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance of women, vi. 209

Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, v. 75;

spirit of, acquired by eating certain food, viii. 143;

the Norse Sibyl's, x. 102 sq.

Prophet regarded as madman, v. 77.

See also Prophets

Prophetess of Apollo at Patara, ii. 135

Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, vi. 192 sq.;

inspired by gods, vi. 207

Prophetic inspiration through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, iv. 200 sq., vi. 171, 172, 192 sq.;

under the influence of music, v. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74

—— marks on body, v. 74

—— powers conferred by certain springs, ii. 172

—— water drunk on St. John's Eve, v. 247

Prophets in relation to kedeshim, v. 76;

or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, iv. 200 sq., vi. 171, 172

—— Hebrew, their ethical religion, i. 223;

on the burnt sacrifice of children, iv. 169 n. 3;

their resemblance to those of Africa, v. 74 sq.

—— of Israel, their religious and moral reform, v. 24 sq.

Propitiation essential to religion, i. 222;

of the souls of the slain, iii. 166;

of spirits of slain animals, iii. 190, 204 sq.;

of ancestors, iii. 197, v. 46;

of the spirits of plants before partaking of the fruits, viii. 82 sq.;

of wild animals by hunters, viii. 204 sqq.;

of vermin by farmers, viii. 274 sqq.;

of ancestral spirits, ix. 86;

of demons, ix. 93, 94, 96, 100

Proserpine River in Queensland, the aborigines of the, their dread of women's cut hair, iii. 282;

the Kia Blacks of the, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 39

Prosopis spicigera, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 248, 249, 250 n.

Prostitution before marriage, practice of, ii. 282, 285, 287

——, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, v. 36 sqq.;

suggested origin of, v. 39 sqq.;

practised for the sake of the crops, v. 39 n. 3;

in Western Asia, alternative theory of, v. 57 sqq.;

in India, v. 61 sqq.;

in Africa, v. 65 sqq.

—— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, vi. 264 sq.;

in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, vi. 265 sq.

Prothero, G. W., as to a May-pole, ii. 71 n. 1;

on the passage of sick women through a church window, xi. 190 n. 3

Provence, priests thought to possess the power of averting storms in, i. 232;

rain-making by means of images of saints in, i. 307;

May-trees in, ii. 69;

Mayos on May Day in, ii. 80;

mock execution of Caramantran on Ash Wednesday in, iv. 227;

bathing at Midsummer in, v. 248;

Midsummer fires in, x. 193 sq.;

the Yule log in, x. 249 sqq.

Prpats, boy employed in rain-making ceremony in Dalmatia, i. 274

Prporushe, young men employed in a rain-making ceremony in Dalmatia, i. 274

Prunus padus, L., branches of, used to avert evil influences, ii. 344

Prussia, contagious magic of clothes in, i. 206 sq.;

customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii. 340 sq.;

wolves not to be called by their proper name during December in, iii. 396;

harvest customs in, v. 238, vii. 136, 137, 139, 150 sq., 209, 219, 280, 281 sq., 289, 292;

divination at Midsummer in, v. 252 sq.;

women's race at close of rye-harvest in, vii. 76 sq.;

the Corn-goat in, vii. 281 sq.;

the Bull at reaping in, vii. 292;

“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268;

custom before first ploughing in spring in, x. 18;

Midsummer fires in, x. 176 sq.;

mullein gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 63 sq.;

witches' Sabbath in, xi. 74.

See also Prussians

——, Eastern, the Kurs of, their custom at sowing, i. 137;

dances of girls on Shrove Tuesday in, i. 138 sq.;

“to chase out the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;

herbs gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 48 sq.;

divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53, 61;

belief as to mistletoe growing on a thorn in, xi. 291 n. 3

[pg 423]

Prussia, West, pretence of birth of child on harvest-field in, vii. 150 sq., 209;

sticks or stones piled on graves of suicides in, ix. 17

Prussian rulers, formerly burnt, ix. 391

Prussians, the heathen, sacrificed to Pergrubius on St. George's Day, ii. 347

——, the old, their worship of trees, ii. 43;

their funeral feasts, iii. 238;

supreme ruler of, iv. 41 sq.;

their prayers and offerings for the flax crop, iv. 156;

their custom at sowing, vii. 288;

their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 133;

their worship of serpents, xi. 43 n. 3

Pruyssenaere, E. de, on the privations of the Dinka in the dry season, iv. 30 n. 1;

on the reverence of the Dinka for their cattle, viii. 38 sq.

Prytaneum at Athens, ii. 137, vii. 32;

perpetual fire in the, ii. 260

Psalmist (cvi. 35-38) on Hebrew idolatry, iv. 168 sq.

Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, dedicates his daughter to Ammon, ii. 134

Pshaws of the Caucasus, their rain-charm, i. 282;

taboos observed by an annual official among the, iii. 292 sq.

Pskov, Government of, holy oak on the borders of, ii. 371 sq.

Psoloeis, the, at Orchomenus, iv. 163, 164

Psylli, a Snake clan, make war on the south wind, i. 331;

expose their infants to snakes, viii. 174 sq.

Ptarmigans and ducks, dramatic contest of the, among the Esquimaux, iv. 259

Pterelaus and his golden hair, xi. 103

Pteria, captured by Croesus, v. 128

Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, offered by Cato the priesthood of Aphrodite at Paphos, v. 43

Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, vi. 35 n. 2

Ptolemy I. and Serapis, vi. 119 n.

—— II., king of Egypt, iv. 15

—— III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 27

—— V. on the Rosetta Stone, vi. 152 n.

Ptolemy Soter, v. 264 n. 4

Puberty, girls' hair torn out at, iii. 282;

ceremonial pollution of girl at, viii. 268;

girls secluded at, x. 22 sqq.;

fast and dream at, xi. 222 n. 5;

pretence of killing the novice and bringing him to life again during initiatory rites at, xi. 225 sqq.

Public expulsion of evils, ix. 109 sqq.

—— magic, i. 215

Public scapegoats, ix. 170 sqq.

Pueblo Indians of Arizona and New Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 54;

their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 312;

use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 n., 231

Puhru, “assembly,” ix. 361

Puithiam, sorcerer, among the Lushais, ix. 94

Pul, an astrologer, vii. 125 sq.

Pulayars of Travancore, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 69

Pulling each other's hair, a Lithuanian sacrificial custom, viii. 50 sq.

Pulque, Mexican wine made from aloes, iii. 249, 250 n. 1;

continence at brewing, iii. 201 sq.

Pulse cultivated in Bengal, vii. 123

Pulverbatch, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, x. 257;

belief in the bloom of the oak on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 292

Pumi-yathon, king of Citium and Idalium, v. 50

Pumpkin, external soul in a, xi. 105

Puna Indians add stones to cairns in the Andes, ix. 9

Punchkin and the parrot, story of, xi. 97 sq., 215, 220

Punjaub, rain-making in the, i. 278;

General Nicholson worshipped in his lifetime in the, i. 404;

human sacrifices to cedar-tree in the, ii. 17;

no grass or green thing to be cut in the, till after the festival of the ripening grain, ii. 49 n. 3;

wells resorted to by barren women for the sake of offspring in the, ii. 160;

belief as to tattooing in the, iii. 30;

belief as to the shadow of a pregnant woman in the, iii. 83;

belief among the Hindoos of the, as to length of residence in heaven, iv. 67;

belief as to a man's star in the, iv. 68;

belief in the reincarnation of infants in the, v. 94;

children at birth placed in winnowing-fans in the, vii. 7;

the Mother-cotton in the, vii. 178;

customs as to the first-fruits of sugar and cotton in the, viii. 119;

worship of snakes in the, viii. 316 sq.;

the Snake tribe in the, viii. 316, 317;

human scapegoats in the, ix. 196;

supernatural power ascribed to the first-born in the, x. 295;

passing unlucky children through narrow openings in the, xi. 190

Puplem, general council, among the Indians of San Juan Capistrano, vii. 125

Puppet made of branches representing the tree-spirit, ducked in water, ii. 75, 76;

substituted for human victim, v. 219 sq.;

made out of last sheaf, vii. [pg 424] 137, 138, 231;

at threshing, vii. 148, 149;

at harvest, vii. 150;

representing the corn-spirit, vii. 224

Puppet-shows as a rain-charm, i. 301 n.

Puppets or dolls employed for the restoration of souls to their bodies, iii. 53 sqq., 62 sqq.;

of rushes thrown into the Tiber, viii. 107;

used to attract demons of sickness from living patients, ix. 187.

See also Dolls, Effigies, Images

Puppies, red-haired, sacrificed by the Romans to the Dog-star, vii. 261, viii. 34

Puppy, blind, stomachic complaint transferred to a, ix. 50

Pur in the sense of “lot,” ix. 361

Purest person cuts the last corn, vii. 158

Purgation, ceremonial, before partaking of new fruits, viii. 72 n. 2, 73, 75 sq., 76, 83, 90.

See also Purification

Purgatory, popular beliefs as to souls in, iv. 66, 67

Purge as mode of ceremonial purification, iii. 175

Purification by passing between the pieces of a sacrificial victim, i. 289 n. 4;

by pig's blood, ii. 107, 108, 109, v. 299 n. 2, ix. 262;

of hunting dogs and hunters, ii. 125;

by fire, ii. 327, 329, v. 115 n. 1, 179 sqq., x. 296, xi. 16 sqq.;

of city, iii. 188;

of hunters and fishers, iii. 190 sq.;

of moral guilt by physical agencies, iii. 217 sq.;

by cutting the hair, iii. 283 sqq.;

by swinging, iv. 282 sq.;

things used in, how disposed of, vii. 9;

after contact with a pig, viii. 24;

by washing, ceremonies of, viii. 27 sq.;

before partaking of new fruits, viii. 59, 60, 63, 69 sq., 71, 73, 75 sq., 82, 83, 135;

by emetics, viii. 73, 75 sq., 83 sq.;

for slaughter of a serpent, viii. 219 sq.;

by leaping through fire, viii. 249;

before eating the first salmon, viii. 253;

by bathing or washing, ix. 3 sq.;

by means of stone-throwing, ix. 23 sqq.;

religious, intended to keep off demons, ix. 104 sq.;

of mourners intended to protect them from the spirits of the dead, ix. 105 n. 1;

by standing on sacrificed human victim, ix. 218;

by beating, ix. 262, x. 61, 64 sqq.;

by stinging with ants, x. 61 sqq.;

after a death, xi. 178;

by passing under a yoke, xi. 193 sqq.

See also Purificatory and Expiation

——, ancient Greek, ritual of, iii. 312;

by laurel and pig's blood, ix. 262

—— of Apollo at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240 sq.

——, Chinese ceremonies of, in spring and autumn, ix. 213 n. 1

——, Feast of the (Candlemas), ix. 332

—— festival among the Cherokee Indians, ix. 128

——, the Great, a Japanese ceremony, ix. 213 n. 1

—— of manslayers, i. 26, iii. 165 sqq., viii. 148 sq., ix. 262;

intended to rid them of the ghosts of the slain, iii. 186 sq.

—— of the matricide, Orestes, i. 26, ix. 262

—— of Pimas after slaying Apaches, iii. 182 sqq.

Purificatory ceremonies at reception of strangers, iii. 102 sqq.;

on return from a journey, iii. 111 sqq.;

after a battle, vi. 251 sq.

—— rites, for sexual crimes, ii. 107 sqq., 115, 116;

designed to raise a barrier against evil spirits, ii. 128

—— theory of the fires of the fire-festivals, x. 329 sq., 341, xi. 16 sqq.;

more probable than the solar theory, x. 346

Purim, in relation to Zakmuk, ix. 359 sqq.;

the Jewish festival of, ix. 360 sqq.;

in relation to the Sacaea, ix. 362 sqq.;

custom of burning effigies of Haman at, ix. 392 sqq.;

compared to the Carnival, ix. 394;

its relation to Persia, ix. 401 sqq.

Purity, ceremonial, observed by incense-gatherers in ancient Arabia, ii. 106 sq.;

observed in war, iii. 157.

See also Chastity and Continence

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) gathered at Midsummer, xi. 65

Purra or poro, secret society in Sierra Leone, xi. 260 sq.

Puruha, a province of Quito, sacrifice of first-born children among the Indians of, iv. 185

Pururavas and Urvasi, ancient Indian story of, ii. 250, iv. 131

Purushu, great primordial giant, in the Rig Veda, ix. 410

Pûs, an Indian month, ix. 230

Putanges, canton of, in Normandy, pretence of tying up landowner in last sheaf at, vii. 226

Puttenham, George, on the Midsummer giants, xi. 36 sq.

Puwe-wai, god of the rice-fields, in Poso, ii. 104

Puy-de-Dôme, saying as to binder and reaper in, vii. 292

Puyallup Indians, taboo on the names of the dead among the, iii. 365

Pyanepsia, an Attic festival, vii. 52

Pyanepsion, Attic month (October), vi. 41, vii. 52;

the season of the autumn sowing, vii. 45 sq., 116

[pg 425]

Pygmalion, king of Citium and Idalium in Cyprus, v. 50

——, king of Cyprus, father-in-law of Cinyras, v. 41, 49;

his love for an image of Aphrodite, v. 49 sq.

——, king of Tyre, v. 50

Pygmies of Central Africa said not to know how to kindle fire, ii. 255;

their continence before hunting, iii. 197;

burn their cut hair, iii. 282

Pylos, burning the Carnival at, iv. 232 sq.

Pymaton of Citium, v. 50 n. 2

Pyramid of King Pepi the First, ii. 4 n. 1

Pyramid Texts, vi. 4 sqq., 9 n.;

intended to ensure the life of dead Egyptian kings, vi. 4 sq.;

Osiris and the sycamore in the, vi. 110;

the mention of Khenti-Amenti in the, vi. 198 n. 2

Pyramids at Sakkara, inscriptions on the, vi. 4;

Egyptian texts of the, ix. 340, 341 n. 1

Pyramus, river in Cilicia, v. 165, 167, 173

Pyre at festivals of Hercules, v. 116;

at Tarsus, v. 126;

of dead kings at Jerusalem, v. 177 sq.;

traditionary death of Asiatic kings and heroes on a, ix. 387, 388, 389 sqq.

—— or Torch, name of great festival at the Syrian Hierapolis, v. 146, ix. 392

Pyrenees, prehistoric cave-paintings in the, i. 87 n. 1;

tree burned on Midsummer Eve in the, ii. 141;

Midsummer fires in the French, x. 193

Pyrites, iron, fire made by means of, ii. 258

Pythagoras, his maxim about footprints, i. 211;

his maxim as to bodily impressions on bed-clothes, i. 213;

superstitious nature of the maxims attributed to, i. 213 sq., iii. 314 n. 2;

his epitaph on the tomb of Apollo at Delphi, iv. 4;

his reincarnations, viii. 263, 300;

his doctrine of transmigration, viii. 300, 301;

his saying as to swallows, ix. 35 n. 3

Pythaists at Athens, their observation of lightning and their sacrifices at Delphi, i. 33

Pythian games at Delphi, iv. 80 sq.;

originally identical with the Festival of Crowning, iv. 80, vi. 242 n. 1;

crown of oak leaves at first the prize in the, iv. 80;

celebrated in honour of the dragon or Python, iv. 80, 93;

originally celebrated every eight years, iv. 80, vii. 80, 84;

their period, vi. 242 n. 1

Python at Delphi, the Pythian games celebrated in his honour, iv. 93

——, sacred, associated with the fertility of the earth, ii. 150;

punishment for killing a, iii. 222;

worshipped by the Baganda, v. 86.

See also Pythons

Python clan, a python expected to visit every newborn child of the, viii. 174

—— -god, human wives of the, v. 66

Pythons, dead kings turn into, iv. 84;

worshipped in West Africa, v. 83 n. 1;

dead chiefs reincarnated in, vi. 193

Qua, near Old Calabar, sacred palm-tree at, ii. 51

Quack, the, a Whitsuntide Mummer, ii. 81

Quadrennial period of Greek games, vii. 77 sqq.

Quail, omens as to price of corn from cry of, vii. 295;

corn-spirit as, vii. 295, 296

“Quail-hunt,” legend on coins of Tarsus, v. 126 n. 2

Quails sacrificed to Hercules (Melcarth), v. 111 sq.;

migration of, v. 112

Quarrelling at home forbidden in absence of husband, i. 120, 130

Quarter-ill, a disease of cattle, need-fire used as a remedy for, x. 296

Quartz used at circumcision instead of iron, iii. 227

Quartz crystals, magic of, i. 176. sq.;

used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304

—— stones, white, in rain-making, i. 346

Quatuordecimans of Phrygia celebrate the Crucifixion on March 25th, v. 307 n.

Quatzow, village of Mecklenburg, taboo on names of animals at, iii. 397

Quauhtitlan, city in Mexico, women sacrificed to the fire-god in, ix. 301

Quedlinburg, in the Harz Mountains, need-fire at, x. 276

Queen, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 146;

name given to the last corn cut at harvest, vii. 153

——, the Harvest, in England, vii. 146 sq., 152

—— of Athens married to Dionysus, ii. 136 sq., vii. 30 sq.

—— of the Bean on Twelfth Night, ix. 313, 315

—— of the Corn-ears, drawn in procession at the end of harvest, vii. 146

—— of Egypt the wife of Ammon, ii. 131 sqq., v. 72

—— of Heaven, great Oriental goddess, v. 303 n. 5;

incense burnt in honour of the, v. 228;

the wife of the Sky-god, xi. 303

—— of May, representative of the spirit of vegetation, ii. 79, 84;

in France, ii. 87;

in England, ii. 87 sq.;

in the Isle of Man, iv. 259;

married to the King of May, iv. 266

[pg 426]

—— of the Roses at Grammont, x. 195

—— of Summer on St. Peter's Day in Brabant, x. 195

—— of Winter in the Isle of Man, iv. 258

Queen Charlotte Islands, the Haida Indians of, i. 70, 133, 168, iii. 72 n. 1, vii. 20, x. 44;

their propitiation of slain animals, viii. 226.

See Haida Indians

—— Charlotte Sound, mourning customs among the Indians of, iii. 143 sq.

Queen sister in Uganda, licence accorded to the, ii. 275 sq.

Queen's County, Midsummer fires in, x. 203;

divination at Hallowe'en in, x. 242

Queens, licence accorded to, in Central Africa, ii. 277

Queensland, beliefs as to the afterbirth in, i. 183 sq.;

rain-making in, i. 254 sq.;

the Turrbal tribe of, iii. 156 n. 1, iv. 60;

namesakes of the dead change their names in some tribes of, iii. 355 sq.;

the Gudangs of, iii. 359;

Maryborough in, iii. 424;

the Yerrunthally tribe of, iv. 64;

exposure of first-born children among some tribes of, iv. 180;

cannibalism in, viii. 151;

sorcery in, x. 14;

seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 37 sqq.;

dread of women at menstruation in, x. 78;

use of bull-roarers in, xi. 233

——, aborigines of, custom of knocking out teeth among the, i. 99;

their belief as to scratching and rain, iii. 159 n.;

their superstition as to personal names, iii. 320;

their beliefs as to the birth of children, v. 102 sq.;

their belief as to the bones of dugong, viii. 258 n. 2

——, Central, expulsion of a demon among the tribes of, ix. 172

——, natives of, their superstitions as to falling stars, iv. 60;

their mode of ascertaining the fate of an absent friend, xi. 159 sq.

Quellendorff in Anhalt, custom at sowing at, i. 139

Quercus aegilops, its acorns eaten in Greece, ii. 356

—— ballota, its acorns eaten in Greece, ii. 356

—— ilex, the evergreen oak, its acorns eaten in Spain, ii. 356

—— robur, the British oak, its diffusion in Europe, ii. 355

Querquetulani, Men of the Oak, a tribe of the Latin League, ii. 188

Quetzalcoatl, a Mexican god, ix. 281, 300;

personated by a priest, viii. 90;

man sacrificed in the character of, ix. 281 sq.

Quiches of Central America, their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 134

Quicken-tree, an English name for the rowan or mountain-ash, ix. 267 n. 1

“Quickening” heifers with a branch of rowan, ix. 266 sq.

Quilacare, in South India, suicide of the kings of, iv. 46 sq.

Quimba, a secret society on the Lower Congo, xi 256 n.

Quimper, Midsummer fires at, x. 184

Quinoa-mother, among the Indians of Peru, vii. 172

Quirinal hill, temple of Quirinus on the, ii. 182, 185;

villa of Atticus on the, ii. 182 n. 1

Quirinus, Romulus worshipped after death under the name of, ii. 182, 193 n. 1;

sanctuary of, on the Quirinal at Rome, ii. 185;

Patrician and Plebeian myrtle-trees in the sanctuary of, xi. 168

—— and Hora, vi. 233

Quiteve, title of the king of Sofala, revered as a god by his people, i. 392, iv. 37 sq.

Quito, the kings of, vii. 236

Quivering of the body in a rain-charm, i. 260, 261

Quixos Indians, their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 285;

cause themselves to be whipped with nettles before a hunting expedition, ix. 263

Quonde in Nigeria, custom of king-killing at, iv. 35

Quop district of Borneo, ceremony at securing the soul of the rice in the, vii. 188

Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, i. 418, 419, vi. 6, 8, 12, viii. 30, ix. 341;

how Isis discovered his name, iii. 387 sqq.;

identified with many originally independent local deities, vi. 122 sqq.

Rabbah, in Ammon, captured by King David, iii. 273, v. 19

Rabbis, burnings for dead Jewish, v. 178 sq.

Rabbit used in stopping rain, i. 295

Rabbit-kangaroo in homoeopathic magic, i. 154

Rabbits in homoeopathic magic, i. 155

Race, charm to secure victory in, i. 150;

to May-tree to determine the Whitsuntide king, ii. 84;

succession to kingdom determined by a, ii. 299 sqq.;

for a bride, ii. 300 sqq.;

for the kingdom at Olympia, iv. 90;

to sheaf on harvest-field, vii. 137;

of reapers to last sheaf, vii. 291.

See also Races

[pg 427]

Races at Whitsuntide, ii. 69, 84;

on horseback to the May-pole to determine the Whitsuntide King, ii. 89;

to determine the successor to the kingship, iv. 103 sqq.;

at harvest, vii. 76 sq.;

in connexion with agriculture, vii. 98;

to ensure good crops, ix. 249;

at fire-festivals, x. 111;

to Easter bonfire, x. 122;

at Easter fires, x. 144;

with torches at Midsummer, x. 175.

See also Chariot-races, Foot-races, Horse-races and Torch-races

Racoons, prayers for rain to skulls of, i. 288

Radica, a festival at the end of the Carnival at Frosinone, iv. 222

Radigis, king of the Varini, marries his stepmother, ii. 283

Radium, atomic disintegration of, viii. 305;

bearing of its discovery on the probable duration of the sun, xi. 307 n. 2

Radloff, W., on a Mongolian way of stopping rain, i. 305 sq.

Radnorshire, the tug-of-war at Presteign in, ix. 182

Radolfzell, in Baden, the Rye-sow or Wheat-sow near, vii. 298

Rafts, evils expelled on, ix. 199, 200 sq.

Rag well in the Aran Islands, ii. 161

Ragnit, in East Prussia, sacred oak near, ii. 371

——, in Lithuania, the Old Woman in the last standing corn at, vii. 223

Rags hung on trees, ii. 16, 32, 42

Ragusa, in Sicily, effigy of dragon carried on St. George's Day at, ii. 164 n. 1

Rahab or Leviathan, a dragon of the sea, iv. 106 n. 2

Rahu, a tribal god in India, xi. 5

Raiatea, deified king of, i. 387 sq.

Rain, extraction of teeth in connexion with, i. 98 sq.;

the magical control of, i. 247 sqq.;

made by homoeopathic or imitative magic, i. 247 sqq.;

charms to prevent or stop rain, i. 249, 252, 252 sq., 262, 263, 270 sqq., 290, 295 sqq., 305 sq.;

prayers for, i. 285, 286, 287, 288, 346, ii. 46, iv. 20, x. 133;

kings expected to give, i. 348, 350, 351 sq., 353, 355, 356, 392 sq., 396;

supposed to fall only as a result of magic, i. 353;

sacrifices for, ii. 44;

excessive, supposed to be an effect of sexual crime, ii. 108, 111, 113;

Zeus as the god of, ii. 359 sq.;

prevented by the blood of a woman who has miscarried in child-bed, iii. 153;

caused by cut or combed out hair, iii. 271, 272;

word for, not to be mentioned, iii. 413;

procured by bones of the dead, v. 22;

excessive, ascribed to wrath of God, v. 22 sq.;

instrumental in rebirth of dead infants, v. 95;

regarded as the tears of gods, vi. 33;

thought to be controlled by the souls of dead chiefs, vi. 188, viii. 109;

prayer for, at Eleusis, vii. 69;

charms to produce, ix. 175 sq., 178 sq.;

or drought, games of ball played to produce, ix. 179 sq.;

dances to obtain, ix. 236 sq., 238;

festival to produce, ix. 277;

divinities of the, ix. 381;

Midsummer bonfires supposed to stop, x. 188, 336;

bull-roarers used as magical instruments to make, xi. 230 sqq.

See also Rain-charm

Rain, Mother of the, in rain-making ceremony among the Arabs of Moab, i. 276

Rain-bird, i. 287

—— -bride in Armenia, i. 276

“—— -bush,” ii. 46

—— -charm, by throwing water on leaf clad mummers, i. 272 sqq., iv. 211;

by ploughing, i. 282 sq.;

by pouring water, iii. 154 sq.;

in rites of Adonis, v. 237;

by throwing water on the last corn cut, v. 237 sq., vii. 134, 146, 170 n. 1, 268;

by pouring water on flesh of human victims, vii. 250, 252.

See also Rain-making

—— clan of the Dinka, iv. 30, 31

—— -clouds, smoke made in imitation of, x. 133.

See also Clouds

—— Country, the, in Central Australia, i. 259

—— -doctor among the Toradjas of Celebes, his procedure and the taboos which he observes, i. 271 sq.

—— -dragon banished in time of drought, i. 298

—— -drops from eaves in magic, i. 253

—— -god, as dragon, i. 297, 298;

of the Ewe negroes, iv. 61, American Indian, represented with tears running from his eyes, vi. 33 n. 3

—— gods compelled to give rain by threats and violence, i. 296 sqq.;

appeal to the pity of the, i. 302 sq.;

of Mexico, ix. 283

—— King, leaf-clad mummer sprinkled with water at Poona, i. 275;

on the Upper Nile, killed in time of drought, ii. 2

—— -maker among the Arunta, costume of the, i. 260;

assimilates himself to water, i. 269 sqq.

—— -makers, their importance in savage communities, i. 247;

in Africa, their rise to political power, i. 342 sqq., 352;

on the Upper Nile, i. 345 sqq., ii. 2;

unsuccessful, punished or killed, i. 345, [pg 428] 352 sqq.;

killed in time of drought, ii. 2, 3;

their hair unshorn, iii. 259 sq.;

among the Dinka not allowed to die a natural death, iv. 32, 33;

(mythical), x. 133

Rain-making by imitative magic, i. 247 sqq.;

by means of human blood, i. 256 sqq., iii. 244;

by wetting flower-clad or leaf-clad mummers, i. 272 sqq.;

by bathing and sprinkling of water, i. 277 sq.;

by ploughing, i. 282 sq.;

by means of the dead, i. 284 sqq.;

by means of animals, i. 287 sqq.;

by means of stones, i. 304 sqq.;

ceremonies of the Shilluks, iv. 20

—— song, sung by women, ii. 46

“—— -stick,” in Queensland, i. 254

—— -stones, for procuring rain, i. 254, 305, 345, 346

—— -temple, in Angoniland, i. 250

—— totem in the Kaitish tribe, ceremony performed by the headman of the totem to procure rain, i. 258 sq.

—— -water in Morocco, magical virtues ascribed to, x. 17 sq.

Rainbow, a net for souls, iii. 79

—— in rain-charm, picture of, i. 258;

imitation of, i. 288

—— totem in the Nullakun tribe of Northern Australia, v. 101

Rainless summer on the Mediterranean, v. 159 sq.;

in Greece, vii. 69

Rains, autumnal, in Greece, vii. 52

Rainy season, general clearance of evils at the beginning or end of the, ix. 224;

expulsion of demons at the beginning of the, ix. 225

Raipoor, the ancient Mandavie, iv. 132 n. 1

Raipur, in India, ix. 44

Rajah of Bilaspur, custom after the death of a, iv. 154, ix. 44 sq.

—— of Manipur, his sins transferred to a criminal, ix. 39

—— of Tanjore, his sins after death transferred to twelve Brahmans, ix. 44

—— of Travancore, his sins at death transferred to a Brahman, ix. 42 sq.

——, temporary, after death of rajah, iv. 154

Rajahs among the Malays, supernatural powers attributed to, i. 361;

two, in Timor, the civil rajah and the fetish or taboo rajah, iii. 24

Rajamahall, in India, persons who have died of dropsy thrown into river among hill tribes near, i. 79;

sacrifices of first-fruits among hill tribes near, viii. 117 sq.;

ceremony at killing tiger among hill tribes near, viii. 217

Rajaraja, king, dancing-girls in his temple at Tanjore, v. 61

Rajbansis of Bengal, their rain-making ceremony, i. 284 n.

Rajputana, gardens of Adonis in, v. 241 sq.

Rakelimalaza, a Malagasy god, taboos observed at his sanctuary, viii. 46

Raking a rick in the devil's name, x. 243;

the ashes, a mode of divination at Hallowe'en, x. 243

Raleigh, Sir Walter, his colonists on Roanoke Island, iii. 357

Ralì, the fair of, in the Kanagra district of India, iv. 265

Ralston, W. R. S., on the Russian house-spirit Domovoy, ii. 233 n. 1;

on sacred fire of Perkunas, xi. 91 n. 3

Ram with golden fleece, iv. 162;

as vicarious sacrifice for human victim, iv. 165, 177;

sacrificed to Ammon, viii. 41;

Tibetan goddess riding on a, viii. 96;

killing the sacred, viii. 172 sqq.;

consecration of a white, viii. 313.

See also Rams

——, black, in rain-making, iii. 154;

sacrificed to Pelops, iv. 92, 104, viii. 85

Ram-god of Mendes, iv. 7 n. 3

Ram's skull in charm to avert demons, viii. 96

Rama, his wife Sita, ii. 26;

his battle with the King of Ceylon, xi. 102

Ramadan, the fast of, vii. 316

Ramanga, men who eat up the nail-parings and lick up the spilt blood of nobles among the Betsileo, iii. 246

Rambree, sorcerers dressed as women in the island of, vi. 254

Rameses II., king of Egypt, his treaty with the Hittites, v. 135 sq.;

his order to the Nile, vi. 33

Ramin, in Stettin, harvest custom at, vii. 230

Ramirez manuscript on Mexican religion, ix. 283 n. 1

Ramman, Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder, v. 163 sq.

Rampart, old, of Burghead, x. 267 sq.

Rams, testicles of, in the rites of Attis, v. 269

Rams' horns attached to pillars, viii. 117

Ramsay, John, of Ochtertyre, on Bridget's bed on the night before Candlemas, ii. 94 n. 3;

on the Highland custom of beating a man in a cow's hide on the last day of the year, viii. 322 sq.;

on Beltane fires, x. 146 sqq.;

on Midsummer fires, x. 206;

on Hallowe'en fires, x. 230 sq.;

on burying cattle alive, x. 325 sq.

Ramsay, Sir William M., on the worship of unmarried goddesses in Western Asia, i. 36 n. 2;

on Hittite hieroglyphs, i. 87 n. 1;

on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 134 n. 1, 137 n. 4;

on [pg 429] priest-dynasts of Asia Minor, v. 140 n. 2;

on the god Tark, v. 147 n. 3;

on the name Olba, v. 148 n. 1;

on Hierapolis and Hieropolis, v. 168 n. 2;

on Attis and Men, v. 284 n. 5;

on cruel death of the human representative of a god in Phrygia, v. 285 sq.;

on the early spread of Christianity in Pontus, ix. 421 n. 1

Ranchi, district of Chota Nagpur, annual expulsion of disease in, ix. 139

Rangoon, scruples with regard to the human head at, iii. 253;

Chins at, ix. 123

Rao of Kachh, the, his sacrifice of a buffalo, i. 385 n. 1

Raoul-Rochette, D., on Asiatic deities with lions, v. 138 n.;

on the burning of doves to Adonis, v. 147 n. 1;

on apotheosis by death in the fire, v. 180 n. 1

Rape of Persephone, vii. 66

Rapegyrne, old Scottish name for the harvest Maiden, vii. 155 n. 2

Raratonga, in the Pacific, custom as to children's cast teeth in, i. 179;

custom of succession in, iv. 191

Rarhi Brahmans of Bengal, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 68

Rarian plain at Eleusis, vii. 36, 234, viii. 15;

corn first sown by Triptolemus in the, vii. 70, 74;

expiation for the defilement of the, vii. 74;

the Sacred Ploughing on the, vii. 108

Raskolnik, Russian Dissenter, i. 285

Raskolniks, their hatred of mirrors, iii. 96

Raspberries, wild, ceremony at gathering the first, viii. 80 sq.

Rat, the “god rat,” an idol to which sacrifices are offered when rats infest the fields, viii. 283;

transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299;

external soul of medicine-man in, xi. 199.

See also Rats

Rat's hair as a charm, i. 151

Rathcroghan, in Roscommon, site of the palace of the kings of Connaught, iii. 12 n. 1

Rats asked to give new teeth, i. 179;

superstitious precautions of farmers against, viii. 277, 278, 283;

ravages committed by, viii. 282 n. 8

See also Rat

—— and mice, in magic concerned with teeth, i. 178 sqq.

Rattan, creeping through a split, to escape a malignant spirit, xi. 183

Rattle, wooden, swung by twins to make fair or foul weather, i. 263;

of deer-hoofs used by shaman, iii. 58;

shaken before human victim, ix. 286;

used at a festival in East Africa, x. 28

Rattles in myth and ritual of Dionysus, vii. 13, 15;

to accompany dance, vii. 205;

to frighten or keep out ghosts, ix. 154 n., x. 52

Rattlesnake dance to secure immunity from snake-bites, i. 358

Rattlesnakes, attempt to deceive the spirits of, iii. 399;

respected by the North American Indians, viii. 217 sqq.

Ratumaimbulu, Fijian god of fruit-trees, v. 90

Ratzeburg, harvest custom near, vii. 229

Rauchfiess, a Whitsuntide mummer, in Silesia, carted out of village and thrown into water, iv. 207 n. 1

Raven, prophetic vision ascribed to the, i. 197;

used in wind-charm, i. 320;

soul as a, iii. 34;

transformation into a, iii. 324;

the great black (Corvus umbrinus), respected by Sudanese negroes, viii. 221

Raven clan among the Niska Indians, xi. 271

—— legends among the Esquimaux, ix. 380

Raven's eggs in homoeopathic magic, i. 154

Ravensberg, in Westphalia, the Fox in the corn at, vii. 296

Raw flesh, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch or name, iii. 13, 239;

Brahman teacher not to look on, iii. 239;

relations of slain man not to touch, iii. 240

Ray, S. H., on the names for fire-sticks in the Torres Straits Islands, ii. 209 n. 3

Ray-fish, cure for wound inflicted by a, i. 98 n. 1

Raymi, a festival of the summer solstice, among the Incas of Peru, x. 132

Readjustment of Egyptian festivals, vi. 91 sqq.

Reaper of the last sheaf, called the Wolf, vii. 273;

called Goat, Corn-goat, Oats-goat, or Rye-goat, vii. 283;

called the Cow, Barley-cow, or Oats-cow, vii. 289

Reapers, special language or words employed by, iii. 410 sq., 411 sq., vii. 193;

contests between, vii. 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153 sqq., 164 sq., 219, 253;

throw their sickles at the last standing corn, vii. 136, 142, 144, 153, 154 sq., 155 n. 1, 267, 268, 279, 296;

blindfolded, vii. 144, 153 sq.;

pretend to mow down visitors to harvest-field, vii. 229 sq.;

of rice use a special form of speech in order to deceive the rice-spirit, vii. 184;

cries of, vii. 263 sqq.;

their remedies for pains in the back, vii. 285;

race of, to last corn, vii. 291;

throw sickles blindfold at last sheaf, xi. 279 n. 4

[pg 430]

——, Egyptian, their lamentations, v. 232, vi. 45, vii. 261, 263;

invoke Isis, vi. 117

Reaping, tug-of-war at, ii. 100;

Indonesian mode of, vii. 181 sq., 184;

contests in, vii. 218 sqq.;

pains in back at, vii. 285;

girdle of rye a preventive of weariness in, x. 190

Reaping-match of Lityerses, vii. 217

Reaping rice, homoeopathic magic at, i. 139 sq.

Reasoning, definite, at the base of savage custom, iii. 420 n. 1

Reay, in Sutherland, the need-fire at, x. 294 sq.

Rebirth from a golden cow, ceremony of, iii. 113;

of ancestors in their descendants, iii. 368 sq.;

of a father in his son, iv. 188 sqq.;

of the parent in the child, iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression);

of infants, means taken to ensure the, v. 91, 93 sqq.;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155 sq.

See also Birth

—— of the dead, according to Pindar, iv. 70, vii. 84;

precautions taken to prevent, v. 92 sq.

See also Reincarnation

Recall of the soul, iii. 30 sqq.

Reckoning intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of, iv. 59 n. 1

Red, bodies of manslayers painted, iii. 175, 179;

faces of manslayers painted, iii. 185, 186 n. 1;

the colour of Lower Egypt, vi. 21 n. 1;

girl's face painted red at puberty, x. 49 sq., 54;

women at menstruation painted, x. 78

—— and black, faces of bear-hunters painted, viii. 226;

effigy of snake painted, viii. 316

—— and white, manslayers painted, iii. 186 n. 1;

leopard-hunters painted, viii. 230;

girls at puberty painted, x. 35, 38, 39, 40;

women at menstruation painted, x. 78

—— and yellow paint on human victim to represent colours of maize, vii. 261, ix. 285

Red Altar, the, on Snowdon, i. 307

—— colour in magic, i. 79, 81, 83

—— earth or paint smeared on girls at puberty, x. 30, 31

—— feathers of parrot worn as a protection against a ghost, iii. 186 n. 1

—— -haired men sacrificed by ancient Egyptians, vi. 97, 106, vii. 260, 261, 263, viii. 34

—— -haired puppies sacrificed by the Romans, vii. 261, viii. 34

—— horse sacrificed as a purification of the land by the Battas, ix. 213

—— -hot iron chain, passing persons possessed by evil spirits through a, xi. 186

Red Island, Torres Straits, seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 39 sq.

—— Karens of Burma, their festival in April, ii. 69 sq.

—— ochre round a woman's mouth, mark of menstruation, x. 77

—— oxen sacrificed by ancient Egyptians, viii. 34

—— sealing-wax a cure for St. Anthony's fire, i. 81

—— thread in popular cure, ix. 55

—— wool in magic, iii. 307

—— woollen threads, a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336

Reddening the faces of gods, custom of, ii. 175 sq.

Reddis or Kapus in the Madras Presidency, their women procure rain bymeans of frogs, i. 294

Redemption of firstling men and asses among the Hebrews, iv. 173;

from the fire in Lent, x. 110

Reed, W. A., on the religion of the Negritos, ix. 82;

on a superstition as to a parasitic plant in the Philippines, xi. 282 n. 1

Reed, split, used in Roman cure for dislocation, xi. 177

Reef, plain of, in Tiree, witch as black sheep on the, x. 316

Reef Islands, avoidance of relations by marriage in, iii. 344;

ceremony at eating the new fruits in the, viii. 52 sq.

Reflection, the soul identified with the, iii. 92 sqq.

Reflections in water or mirrors, supposed dangers of, iii. 93 sq.

Reform, the prophetic, in Israel, v. 24 sq.

Reformations of Hezekiah and Josiah, v. 25

Refuse of food burnt by magician to cause disease, i. 341;

magic wrought by means of, iii. 126 sqq.

Regaby, in the Isle of Man, November 1st as New Year's Day at, x. 224

Regalia propitiated with prayer and sacrifice, i. 363;

carried to battle, i. 363;

smeared with blood, i. 363;

treated as fetishes, i. 363;

employed as instruments of divination, i. 365;

regarded as a palladium, i. 365;

sanctity of, in Celebes, iv. 202

—— of Malay kings regarded as powerful talismans, i. 362 sqq.;

supernatural powers of, i. 398

Regeneration from a golden cow, ceremony of, iii. 113

Regia, the king's palace at Rome, ii. 201, 228

[pg 431]

Regicide among the Slavs, iv. 52;

modified custom of, iv. 148

Regifugium at Rome, ii. 290, iv. 213;

perhaps a relic of a contest for the kingdom, ii. 308 sqq.

Regillus, appearance of Castor and Pollux at the battle of Lake, i. 50

Regina nemorum, an epithet of Diana, i. 40 n. 3

Regnitz, the River, puppets representing Death thrown into, iv. 234

Rehoboam, King, his family, v. 51 n. 2

Reichenbach, in Silesia, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 138

Reinach, Salomon, on Hippolytus, i. 27 n. 6;

on prehistoric cave-paintings, i. 87 n. 1;

on Greek custom of carrying infants round the hearth, ii. 232 n. 2;

on virgin priestesses among the Celts, ii. 241 n. 1;

on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 n. 2;

on the benefits of a thrashing, ix. 264 n. 2;

on Jesus Barabbas, ix. 420 n. 1

Reincarnation, belief of the aboriginal Australians in, i. 96, 99 sq., v. 99 sqq.;

the initiatory rites of the Australians perhaps intended to ensure, i. 101, 106;

certain funeral rites perhaps intended to ensure, i. 101 sqq.;

of ancestors in their descendants, iii. 368 sqq.;

of human souls, belief in, a motive for infanticide, iv. 188 sq.;

of animals, viii. 247, 249, 250

—— of the dead, iii. 365 sqq., v. 82 sqq.;

in newly born infants, i. 103 sqq.;

in America, iii. 365 sqq., v. 91;

in Australia, v. 99 sqq.

See also Rebirth

Reindeer, blood of, smeared on fire-boards, ii. 225;

protected by sacred fire-boards, ii. 225;

taboos concerning, iii. 208;

propitiation of the spirit who controls the, viii. 245 sq.;

dogs not allowed to gnaw the leg-bones of, viii. 246;

sacrificed to the dead, xi. 178

Reinegg, J., on a sacrament of the Abchases, viii. 312 n. 1

Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, O. Frh. von, on the Yule log, x. 249

Reipus, payment made on the remarriage of a widow in Salic law, ii. 286 n. 1

Reiskius, Joh., on the need-fire, x. 271 sq.

Rekub-el, Syrian god, v. 16

Relations, names of, tabooed, iii. 335 sqq.;

of the dead take new names for fear of the ghost, iii. 356 sqq.;

spirits of near dead, worshipped, v. 175, 176;

at death become gods, vi. 180

Relationship, terms of, used as terms of address, iii. 324 sq.;

classificatory system of, xi. 234 n. 1, 314 n. 4

Release of prisoners at festivals, iii. 316

Relics of dead princes preserved as regalia, i. 363;

of tree-worship in modern Europe, ii. 59 sqq.;

corporeal, of dead kings confer right to throne, iv. 202

Relief, archaic Greek, at Nemi, i. 11 n. 1

Religion defined, i. 222;

two elements of, a theoretical and a practical, i. 222 sq.;

opposed in principle to science, i. 224;

transition from magic to, i. 237 sqq., ii. 376 sq.;

combined with magic, i. 347;

passage of animism into, iii. 213;

volcanic, v. 188 sqq.;

how influenced by mother-kin, vi. 202 sqq.;

influenced by agriculture, vii. 93, 108;

movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304 sq.

——, the Age of, iv. 2

—— and magic, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347, ii. 376 sq.;

Hegel on, i. 423 sqq.;

combination of, v. 4

—— and music, v. 53 sq.

Religions, the great historical, less permanent than the belief in magic and witch-craft, in ghosts and goblins, ix. 89 sq.

Religious associations among the Indians of North America, xi. 266 sqq.

—— dramas sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. 142 sq.

—— ideals a product of the male imagination, vi. 211

—— systems, great permanent, founded by great men, vi. 159 sq.

Reluctance to accept sovereignty on account of taboos attached to it, iii. 17 sqq.

Remedies, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14

Remission of sins through the shedding of blood, v. 299

Remnants of food buried as a precaution against sorcery, iii. 118, 119, 127 sq., 129

Remon branch of the Ijebu tribe, chief of the, formerly killed after a rule of three years, iv. 112 sq.

Remulus, ii. 180.

See Romulus

Remus and Romulus, the birth of, vi. 235.

See Romulus

Renan, Ernest, on the danger underlying civilization, i. 236 n. 1;

on Tammuz and Adonis, v. 6 n. 1;

his excavations at Byblus, v. 14 n. 1;

on Adommelech, v. 17;

on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29 n.;

on the burnings for the kings of Judah, v. 178 n. 1;

on the discoloration of the river Adonis, v. 225 n. 4;

on the worship of Adonis, v. 235;

on custom of sticking pins into a saint's statue, ix. 70

[pg 432]

Renewal, annual, of king's power at Babylon, iv. 113, 115, ix. 356, 358

—— of fire, annual, in China, x. 137.

See also Fire

Rengen, in the Eifel Mountains, Midsummer flowers at, xi. 48

Renouf, Sir P. le Page, on the divinity of Egyptian kings, i. 418; on Osiris as the sun, vi. 126

Representative of tree-spirit clad in leaves and blossoms, ii. 75, 76, 79 sqq.

Reproductive powers, beating people to stimulate their, ix. 272

Reptile clan of the Omaha Indians, their belief as to the effect of touching a snake, viii. 29

Repulsion and attraction, forces of, viii. 303 sqq.

Resemblance of children to their parents, how explained by savages, i. 104;

of child to father, supposed danger of, iii. 88 sq., iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression);

of the rites of Adonis to the festival of Easter, v. 254 sqq., 306

Resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as diabolic counterfeits, v. 302, 309 sq.

Reshef, Semitic god, v. 16 n. 1

Resoliss, parish of, in Ross-shire, burnt sacrifice of a pig in, x. 301 sq.

Rest for three days, compulsory, among the Esquimaux after the capture of a ground seal, walrus, or whale, viii. 246

Resurrection, cut hair and nails kept for use at the, iii. 279 sq.;

of the god, iv. 212, vii. 1, 12, 14, 15, ix. 400;

of the tree-spirit, iv. 212;

of a god in the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society, iv. 221;

enacted in Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies, iv. 233;

of the gods, viii. 16;

of animals, viii. 200 sq., 256 sqq.;

of fish, viii. 250, 254;

bones of men preserved for the, viii. 259;

in popular tales, viii. 263 sq.;

the divine, in Mexican ritual, ix. 288, 296, 302;

of Semitic gods, ix. 398;

of Eabani, ix. 399;

ritual of death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 225 sqq.

—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, v. 272 sq., 307 sq.

—— of the Carnival, iv. 252

—— of the dead effected by giving their names to living persons, iii. 365 sqq.;

conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of Osiris, vi. 15 sq.

—— of the effigy of Death, iv. 247 sqq.

—— of Hercules (Melcarth), v. 111 sq.

—— of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, iv. 261

—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, vi. 85;

depicted on the monuments, vi. 89 sq.;

date of its celebration at Rome, vi. 95 n. 1;

symbolized by the setting up of the ded pillar, vi. 109

Resurrection of Tylon, v. 186 sq.

—— of the Wild Man, iv. 252

Retaliation in Southern India, law of, iv. 141 sq.

Retoroños, the, of Bolivia, ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157

Reuzes, wicker giants in Brabant and Flanders, xi. 35

Revelry at Purim, ix. 363 sq.

Revels, Master of the, at the English court, ix. 333 sq.

Revenge, suicide as a mode of, iv. 141

Revin, Midsummer fires at, x. 188

Revolution, social, from democracy to despotism, i. 371

Revolve from left to right, small fir-trees made to, on Midsummer Day, ii. 66

Revolving image, viii. 322 n.

Rex Nemorensis, the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 11

Rhamnus catharticus, buckthorn, used as a protection against witches, ix. 153 n. 1

Rhea and Cronus, iv. 194, ix. 351

Rhegium in Italy, founded in consequence of a vow to Apollo, iv. 187 n. 5

Rhenish Prussia, Lenten fires in, x. 115

Rhetra, religious capital of the Western Slavs, inspired priest at, i. 383

Rheumatism in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;

ascribed to magic, i. 207 sq., 213;

popular remedy for, by means of pepper, iii. 106;

popular remedy for, by means of bees, iii. 106 n. 2;

crawling under a bramble as a cure for, xi. 180

Rhine, dramatic contest between Winter and Summer on the middle, iv. 254;

bathing in the, on St. John's Eve, v. 248

——, the Lower, need-fire on, x. 278;

St. John's wort on Midsummer Day on, xi. 54

Rhinoceros' horn and hide, shavings of, swallowed by warriors to make them strong, viii. 143

Rhinoceros hunters not allowed to wash, i. 115

Rhinoceroses, souls of the dead transmigrate into, iv. 85

Rhins, J. L. Dutreuil de, on ceremony of beating an effigy of an ox in spring at Kashgar, viii. 13

Rhodes, Lindus in, i. 281;

the Telchines of, i. 310;

rolling on the grass on St. George's morning in, ii. 333;

human sacrifices to Baal in, iv. 195;

described by Strabo, v. 195 n. 3;

worship of Helen in, v. 292

Rhodesia, the Winamwanga of, viii. 112, [pg 433] xi. 297;

the Yombe of, viii. 112;

the Wemba of, viii. 158;

the Awemba of, viii. 272 sq.

Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral spirits, vi. 174 sqq.;

their worship of dead chiefs or kings, vi. 191 sqq.

Rhodians worship the sun, i. 315;

dedicate chariot and horses to the sun, i. 315, 316, viii. 45;

the Venetians of antiquity, v. 195;

their annual sacrifice of a man to Cronus, ix. 353 sq., 397

Rhodomyrtus tomentosus, used to kindle fire by friction, xi. 8

Rhön Mountains, Lenten custom in the, x. 117

Rhyndacos, the river, boundary of Bithynia, ix. 421 n. 1

Rhys, Professor Sir John, on Coligny calendar, i. 17 n. 2, ix. 343 n.;

on the relation of Irish Druidism to Christianity, ii. 363;

as to The Book of Rights, iii. 12 n. 2;

on personal names, iii. 319;

on Lammas, iv. 101;

on custom of sticking pins in a saint's statue, ix. 70 sq.;

on Beltane fires, x. 157;

on driving cattle through fires, x. 159;

on old New Year's Day in the Isle of Man, x. 224;

on Hallowe'en bonfires in Wales, x. 239 sq.;

on burnt sacrifices in the Isle of Man, x. 305 sqq.;

on alleged Welsh name for mistletoe, xi. 286 n. 3

Riabba, in Fernando Po, residence of the native king, iii. 8

Ribald jests at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38

—— songs in rain-charm, i. 267

Ribble, Hallowe'en cakes on the banks of the, x. 245

Ribhus, Vedic genii of the seasons, ix. 325

Ribwort gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49

Ricci, S. de, on the Coligny calendar, ix. 343 n.

Rice, homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 136;

homoeopathic magic at reaping, i. 139 sq.;

charm to make rice grow, i. 140;

homoeopathic magic at planting, i. 143;

in bloom treated like pregnant woman, ii. 28 sq., vii. 183 sq.;

chastity at sowing, ii. 106;

used to attract the soul conceived as a bird, iii. 34 sqq., 45 sqq.;

strewn on bridegroom's head, iii. 35;

used to attract wandering souls, iii. 62;

used in exorcism, iii. 106;

in water, divination by, iii. 368;

special language employed at harvest in order not to frighten the spirit of the, iii. 412;

Dyak story as to the first planting of, iv. 127 sq.;

cultivated in Assam, vii. 123;

cultivated in New Guinea, vii. 123;

the first rice cut, ceremony at bringing home, vii. 185 sq.;

spirituous liquor distilled from, vii. 242;

spirits that cause the growth of, thought to be in goat form, vii. 288;

“eating the soul of the rice,” viii. 54;

the first, sowed and reaped by priest, viii. 54;

the new, ceremonies at eating the, viii. 54 sqq.

Rice (paddy), Father and Mother of the, among the Szis of Burma, vii. 203 sq.

——, Rajah or King of the, in Mandeling (Sumatra), vii. 197

——, soul of, vii. 180 sqq.;

not to be frightened, iii. 412;

in the first sheaf cut, vi. 239;

as bird, vii. 182 n. 1;

caught or detained, vii. 184 sqq.;

recalled, vii. 189 sq.;

in a blue bird, vii. 295

Rice barn, homoeopathic magic at building a, i. 140

—— -bride and -bridegroom, marriage of, at rice-harvest in Java, vii. 199 sq.

—— -cakes, sacrificial, as substitutes for human beings, viii. 89;

mystically transformed into bodies of men by manipulation of priest, viii. 89

—— -child at harvest in the Malay Peninsula, vii. 197 sqq.

—— -ears, the young, fed like children, ii. 29

—— -fields, sacred, among the Kayans, vii. 93, 108

—— -goddess in Lombok, vii. 202

—— -harvest, special language employed by reapers at, iii. 410 sq., 411 sq.;

marriage ceremony in Java at, vii. 199 sq.;

ceremony of the Horse at, viii. 337 sqq.;

carnival at the, ix. 226 n. 1

—— -mother in the East Indies, vii. 180 sqq.;

A. C. Kruyt on the, vii. 183 n. 1;

among the Minangkabauers of Sumatra, vii. 191 sqq.;

in the Malay Peninsula, vii. 197 sqq.

—— -sieve, infant at birth placed in, vii. 8

—— -spirit conceived as husband and wife, vii. 201 sqq.

Richalm, Abbot, his fear of devils, ix. 105 sq.

Richard Cœur-de-Lion at Rouen, ii. 164, 165

Richter, O., on the valley of Egeria, i. 18 n. 4

Rickard, R. H., on the seclusion of girls at puberty in New Ireland, x. 34

Rickets, children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for, xi. 168;

children passed through cleft oaks as a cure for, xi. 170;

children passed through a holed stone as a cure for, xi. 187

[pg 434]

Rickety children passed through a natural wooden ring, xi. 184

Riddles in rain-making ceremony, iii. 154;

asked while the people watch the crops in the fields, vii. 194;

asked at certain seasons or on certain occasions, ix. 121 n. 3

“Ride of the Beardless One,” a Persian New Year ceremony, ix. 402 sq.

Ridgeway, Professor William, as to Homeric kings, i. 366 n. 3;

on a Whitsuntide custom, ii. 103 n. 3;

on the magical virtue of iron, iii. 230 n. 7;

on the marriage of brothers and sisters, vi. 216 n. 1;

on the Thracian Carnival ceremonies, vii. 29 n. 2;

on the marriage of Zeus and Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 65;

on Dionysus Bassareus, viii. 282 n. 5;

on Lycaean Zeus, ix. 353 n. 4;

on the origin of Greek tragedy, ix. 384 n. 2

Ridley, Rev. W., on the annual expulsion of ghosts in Australia, ix. 23 sq.

Riedel, J. G. F., on the belief in the spirits of the dead in Timor, ix. 85;

on the Kakian association in Ceram, xi. 249

Rif, province of Morocco, Midsummer fires in, x. 214 n., 215;

bathing at Midsummer in, x. 216

Rig Veda, hymn about frogs in the, i. 294;

hymns of the, in honour of Parjanya, ii. 368 sq.;

on the slaying of Vṛtra by Indra, iv. 106 sq.;

the sun called “the golden swing in the sky” in the, iv. 279;

story of creation in the, ix. 410;

how Indra cured Apala in the, xi. 193

Riga, Midsummer festival at, x. 177

Right foot foremost, iii. 189, vii. 203

—— hand, luckiness of the, x. 151 n.

—— -hand turn (deiseal, dessil) in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 150 n. 1, 154

—— shoe of bridegroom to be untied, iii. 300 n. 2

Ring, golden, worn as a charm, i. 137;

broken, iii. 13;

on ankle as badge of office, iii. 15;

competition for, at harvest supper, vii. 160;

suspended in Purim bonfire, ix. 393;

divination by a, x. 237;

crawling through a, as a cure or preventive of disease, xi. 184 sqq.;

worn by initiates as token of the new birth, xi. 257.

See also Rings

Ringhorn, Balder's ship, x. 102

Ringing church bells on Midsummer Eve, custom as to, xi. 47 sq.

See also Bells

“—— out the grass,” ii. 344

Rings used to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31;

as spiritual fetters, iii. 313 sq.;

as amulets, iii. 235, 314 sqq., x. 92;

not to be worn, iii. 314;

not to be worn in the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46;

head-ache transferred to, ix. 2;

mourners creep through, xi. 178, 179.

See also Ring

Rings and knots tabooed, iii. 293 sqq.

Rio de Janeiro, ordeal of girls at puberty among the Indians about, x. 59

—— Enivra, the Tauaré Indians of, viii. 157

—— Grande in Brazil, the Carayahis, Indian tribe on the, iii. 348

—— Negro in Brazil, ashes of the dead drunk by Indians of the, viii. 157;

ordeals of young men among the Indians of the, x. 63

Risley, Sir Herbert H., on Indian fire-walk, xi. 5 n. 3

Rites of irrigation in Egypt, vi. 33 sqq.;

of sowing, vi. 40 sqq.;

of harvest, vi. 45 sqq.

—— of Plough Monday, viii. 325 sqq.

Ritual, children of living parents in, vi. 236 sqq.;

of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, vi. 249;

primitive, marks of, vii. 169;

magical or propitiatory, vii. 169, 170;

myths dramatized in, x. 105;

of death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 225 sqq.

—— of Adonis, v. 223 sqq.

—— of Attis, v. 263 sqq.

—— of Dionysus, vii. 14 sq.

Ritual dance in honour of Demeter and Persephone, viii. 339

—— murder, accusations of, brought against the Jews, ix. 394 sqq.

River of Good Fortune, in West Africa, ix. 28

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., on the confusion of magic and religion among the Todas, i. 230 n.;

on the sacred milkmen of the Todas, i. 403 n. 1, vi. 228;

on the differentiation of medicine-men from sorcerers among the Todas, i. 421 n. 1;

on restrictions imposed on holy dairymen among the Todas, iii. 17;

as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, v. 97 sq.;

on tamaniu, xi. 199 n. 1

Rivers, hair offered to, i. 31;

girls sacrificed in marriage to, i. 151 sq.;

horses sacrificed to, ii. 16 sq.;

as lovers of women in Greek mythology, ii. 161 sq.;

prohibition to cross, iii. 9 sq.;

hair dedicated to, iii. 261, 261 n. 5;

as the seat of worship of deities, v. 160;

bathing in, at Midsummer, v. 246, 248, 249, xi. 30;

gods worshipped beside, v. 289;

used to sweep away evils, ix. 3 sq., 5;

offerings and prayers to, ix. 27 sq.;

menstruous women not allowed to cross or bathe [pg 435] in, x. 77, 97;

claim human victims at Midsummer, xi. 26 sqq.

Rivos, harvest-god of Celts in Gaul, i. 17

Rivros, a Celtic month, i. 17 n. 2, ix. 343

Rizano, in Dalmatia, the Yule log at, x. 263

Rizpah and her sons, v. 22

“Road of Jerusalem,” iv. 76

Roasted food prescribed for man-slayers, iii. 169

Robber caste in South India, the law of retaliation among a, iv. 141 sq.

Robbers, charm used by, vii. 235

Robertson, Sir George Scott, on the dances of Kafir women in the Hindoo Koosh, i. 133 sq.;

on ceremonial purity among the Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, iii. 14 notes

Robertson, Rev. James, on the Beltane fires in the parish of Callander, x. 150 sqq.

Robigo or Robigus, mildew, worshipped by the Romans, viii. 282 n. 7

Robinson, C. H., on human life bound up with that of an animal, xi. 209

Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29 n.

Robinson, Captain W. C., on human victims among the Khonds, iv. 139 n. 1

Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, v. 256 n. 2

Rochholz, C. L., on need-fire, x. 270 n.

Rock-crystal in charm to prevent rain, i. 290;

used to stop rain, i. 305

—— -crystals in rain-charms, i. 346

—— -hewn sculptures at Ibreez, v. 121 sq.;

at Boghaz-Keui, v. 129 sqq.

Rockhill, W. W., on the custom of swinging in Corea, iv. 284 sq.;

on dance of eunuchs in Corea, v. 270 n. 2;

on the annual expulsion of the devil at Lhasa, ix. 221 n. 1

Rocks in rain-making, i. 306, 309;

sick people passed through holes in, xi. 186 sq., 189 sq.

Rodents, souls of dead in, viii. 291

Rods, iron, in magic, i. 346 sq.

Roepstorff, F. A. de, on the Nicobar custom of not mentioning the names of the dead, iii. 362 sq.

Roeskilde, in Zealand, the last sheaf called the Rye-beggar near, vii. 231

Rogations, ancient Mexican festival compared to, ix. 277;

Monday of, ii. 166

Rohde, Erwin, on purification by blood, v. 299 n. 2;

on Hyacinth, v. 315;

on an argument for immortality, vii. 91 n. 2;

on the Anthesteria, ix. 153 n. 1

Röhrenbach, in Baden, the Corn-sow or Oats-sow at making up the last sheaf at, vii. 298

Roko Tui, the Sacred King of Fiji, iii. 21

Rolling on the fields as a fertility charm, ii. 103;

at harvest, ii. 104

—— cakes on the ground for omens on St. George's Day, ii. 338;

on May Day, x. 153

—— down a slope on May Day, ii. 103

—— Easter eggs down hill, ix. 269

Rollo, how he learned the speech of animals, viii. 146

Röllshausen, in Hesse, the Little Whitsuntide Man at, ii. 81

Romagna, belief as to falling stars in the, iv. 66;

Befana (Epiphany) in the Tuscan, ix. 167

Roman calendar, vii. 83 sq.

—— celebration of the Nonae Caprotinae, ii. 313 sq., ix. 258

—— custom of keeping a perpetual fire in every house, ii. 260;

of presenting women with key as symbol of easy delivery, iii. 296;

of sacrificing human beings at the grave, iv. 143

—— deities called “Father” and “Mother,” vi. 233 sqq.;

of the corn, vii. 210 n. 3

—— emperor, funeral pyre of, v. 126 sq.

—— emperors, fire carried before, ii. 264

—— financial oppression, v. 301 n. 2

—— Forum, temple of Vesta in the, i. 13.

See also Forum

—— funerals, personation of the illustrious dead at, ii. 178

—— game of Troy, iv. 76 sq.

—— genius symbolized by a serpent, v. 86

—— gods, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 391 n. 1;

the marriage of the, vi. 230 sqq.;

compared to Greek gods, vi. 235

—— husbandman, his prayers to Mars, ix. 229

—— king and queen as representatives of Jupiter and Juno in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 192

—— kings as deities in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 172 sq., 192, 193 sq., 318 sq.;

as personifications of Jupiter, ii. 174 sqq., 266 sq.;

as public rain-makers, ii. 183;

list of, ii. 269 sq.;

rule of succession among, ii. 270 sq.;

plebeians, not patricians, ii. 289;

how nominated, ii. 295 sq.;

as personifications of Saturn, ii. 311, 322;

their mysterious or violent ends, ii. 312 sqq.;

their obscure birth, ii. 312 sq.

—— kingship, descent of, in the female line, ii. 270 sq.;

abolition of the, ii. 289 sqq.;

a religious office, ii. 289

—— law, revival of, v. 301;

as to knocking a nail into a wall on 13th September, ix. 66

[pg 436]

Roman maxim about cutting hair and nails at sea, iii. 271

—— mode of execution, iv. 144

—— mythology, fragments of, vi. 235

—— personal names derived from cattle, ii. 324 n. 1

—— priests shaved with bronze, iii. 226

—— religion, rule as to knots in, iii. 294

—— rule as to wine offered in libations, iii. 249 n. 2

—— Saturnalia, ix. 306 sqq.

—— soldiers, celebration of the Saturnalia by, ix. 308 sq.

—— writers on curses at sowing, i. 281

—— women washed their heads on Diana's day, iii. 253

—— year, the old, began in March, ix. 229

Romans, sacrificed pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141;

their punishment of parricide, ii. 110 n. 2;

their fire-customs compared to those of the Herero, ii. 227 sqq.;

their superstition as to egg-shells, iii. 129;

the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241;

vows of the, iii. 262 n. 2;

their evocation of gods of besieged cities, iii. 391;

their funeral customs, iv. 92, 96;

their indifference to death, iv. 143 sq.;

their custom of vowing a “Sacred Spring,” iv. 186 sq.;

their custom of catching the souls of the dying, iv. 200;

adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, v. 265;

correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 27 sq.;

their expiation for prodigies, vi. 244;

their marriage custom, vi. 245;

their sacrifice of red-haired puppies to avert blighting influence of Dog-star, vii. 261, viii. 34;

their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318;

sacrificed the first-fruits of corn and wine to Ceres and Liber, viii. 133;

their worship of mildew, viii. 282;

their cure for fever, ix. 47;

their cure for epilepsy, ix. 68;

their festival in honour of ghosts, ix. 154 sq.;

their seasons of sowing, ix. 232;

their mode of reckoning a day, ix. 326 n. 2;

their belief as to menstruous women, x. 98 n. 1;

their cure for dislocation, xi. 177;

deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, xi. 299

——, the ancient, their ceremonies for procuring rain, i. 309, 310;

their belief as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115;

their superstitious objection to clasped hands and crossed legs, iii. 298;

their religion, full of relics of savagery, ix. 234.

See also Rome

Romanus Lecapenus, emperor, how he took the life of Simeon, prince of Bulgaria, xi. 156

Rome, the Porta Capena at, i. 18;

temple of Concordia at, i. 21 n. 2;

the Sacrificial King at, i. 44, 46, ii. 1;

rain-making ceremony at, i. 310, ii. 183; sacred trees in, ii. 10;

the kings of, ii. 171 sqq.;

founded by settlers from Alba Longa, ii. 178;

Capitoline hill at, ii. 184, 189;

Capitoline Jupiter at, ii. 187;

“fig-town,” ii. 218;

founded by shepherds and herdsmen, ii. 324;

founded at the Parilia, April 21st, ii. 325, 326;

name of guardian deity of Rome kept secret, iii. 391;

funeral games at, iv. 96;

Regifugium at, iv. 213;

custom observed by boys at Mid-Lent in, iv. 241;

masks hung on trees at time of sowing at, iv. 283;

Phrygian Mother of the Gods brought to, v. 265;

temple of Victory at, v. 265;

high-priest of Cybele at, v. 285;

resurrection of Osiris celebrated at, vi. 95 n. 1;

sacrifice of she-goat to Vedijovis at, vii. 33;

annual sacrifice of October horse at, viii. 42 sqq.;

the festival of the Compitalia at, viii. 94, 107;

the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts at, vii. 94, 96, 107;

the Sublician bridge at, viii. 107;

vintage inaugurated by Flamen Dialis at, viii. 133;

Piazza Navona at, ix. 166 sq.;

colleges of the Salii at, ix. 232;

the Saturnalia at, ix. 307 sq.;

the sacred fire of Vesta at, ii. 207, x. 138, xi. 91;

myrtle-trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at, xi. 168;

oak of the Vespasian family at, xi. 168;

the Sister's Beam at, xi. 194;

the Porta Triumphalis at, xi. 195

——, ancient, oak woods on the site of, ii. 184 sqq.;

the knocking of nails in, ix. 64 sqq.;

human scapegoats in, ix. 229 sqq.;

Midsummer Day in, x. 178

Romove, Romow, or Romowe, its sacred oak and perpetual fire of oak-wood, ii. 366 n. 2, xi. 91, 286

Romsdal, Norway, the Old Hay-man at haymaking in the, vii. 223

Romulus, fig-tree of, ii. 10, 318;

Capitoline temple of Jupiter built by, ii. 176;

death of, ii. 181 sq., 313;

worshipped after death as Quirinus, ii. 182, 193 n. 1;

married to Hersilia, ii. 193 n. 1;

legend of his birth from the fire, ii. 196, vi. 235;

hut of, ii. 200;

son of a Vestal virgin, ii. 228;

his children, ii. 270 n. 3;

the name thought by some to mean “fig-man,” ii. 318;

celebrates the Parilia, ii. 329;

cut in pieces, vi. 98;

birth of, vi. 235;

his disappearance at the Goat's [pg 437] Marsh on the Nonae Caprotinae, ix. 258;

said to have been cut to pieces by the patricians, ix. 258

Romulus or Remulus, king of Alba, his rivalry with Jupiter, ii. 180

—— and Remus, said to be sons of the fire, ii. 196;

their legend perhaps a reminiscence of a double kingship, ii. 290;

suckled by she-wolf under a fig-tree, ii. 318;

reputed sons of Mars by a Vestal Virgin, vi. 234 sq.

—— and Tatius, ii. 290

Rongrong village in Assam, hobby-horse at, viii. 337

Roocooyen Indians of French Guiana, their tug-of-war, ix. 181;

their custom of stinging young people with ants and wasps, ix. 263.

See Rucuyennes

Roof, children's cast teeth deposited on the, i. 178 sq., 180;

hole in, used in ritual, iii. 316;

spirits enter through the, viii. 123;

remains of slain bear let down through the, viii. 189 sq., 196;

dances on the, ix. 315;

the external soul in, xi. 156

Roofing the king's palace in Uganda, custom as to, iii. 254

Roofs of new houses, sacrifices offered on, ii. 39

Rook, island of, custom of killing all first-born children in the, iv. 180;

expulsion of devil in the, ix. 109;

initiation of young men in the, xi. 246

Roots, the first of the season, ceremonies before eating, viii. 80 sqq.

—— and seeds, wild, collected by women, vii. 124 sqq.

Rope, ceremony of sliding down a, ix. 196 sqq.

Roper River, in Australia, gum-tree full of spirit-children on the, v. 101

Ropes used to keep off demons, ix. 120, 149, 154 n.;

used to exclude ghosts, ix. 152 sq., 154 n.

Roro district of British New Guinea, women after childbirth tabooed in the, iii. 148

—— -speaking tribes of British New Guinea, seclusion of homicides among the, iii. 168;

taboos observed before a hunt among the, iii. 193

Roscher, Dr. W. H., on the Sacred Marriage, ii. 137 n. 1, 143 n. 1;

on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 n. 3;

on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 n. 2;

on Pan, viii. 2 n. 9;

on the beating of Mamurius Veturius, ix. 231 n. 3;

on the Salii, ix. 231 n. 3;

on the Roman ceremony of passing under a yoke, xi. 194 n. 2

Roscoe, Rev. John, on rite of adoption among the Bahima, i. 75;

on descent of the totem in Uganda, ii. 276 n. 2;

on the belief of the Baganda in conception caused by a wild banana-tree, ii. 318 n. 1;

on succession to the kingship among the Banyoro, ii. 322 n. 2;

on avoidance of wife's mother in Uganda, iii. 85 n. 1;

on the Baganda belief as to shadows, iii. 87 n. 5;

as to menstruation customs in Uganda, iii. 145 n. 4;

on taboos observed by Baganda fishermen, iii. 195 n. 1;

as to roofing the king's palace in Uganda, iii. 254 n. 5;

on disposal of cut hair and nails in Uganda, iii. 277 n. 10;

on change of vocabulary caused by fear of naming the dead among the Basagala, iii. 361 n. 2;

on the bearing of the human victims in Uganda, iv. 139;

on the custom of strangling first-born males in Uganda, Koki, and Bunyoro, iv. 182 n. 2;

on consultation of souls of dead kings of Uganda, iv. 201 n. 1;

on serpent-worship among the Baganda and Banyoro, v. 86 n. 1;

on the Baganda belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 92 sq.;

on potters in Uganda, vi. 135;

on the religion of the Bahima, vi. 190 sq.;

on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, vi. 196;

on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, vi. 196 sq.;

on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, vi. 226;

on woman's share in agriculture among the Baganda, vii. 118;

on human sacrifices for the crops among the Wamegi, vii. 240 n. 4;

on the transference of abscesses among the Bahima, ix. 6;

on the worship of the river Nakiza, ix. 27 sq.;

on the use of scapegoats among the Baganda and Bahima, ix. 32;

on life-trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160;

on passing through a cleft stick or a narrow opening as a cure in Uganda, xi. 181

Roscommon, Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 sq.;

divination at Hallowe'en in, x. 243

Rose, H. A., on the sacrifice of the first-born in India, iv. 181

Rose, the Little May, ii. 74

——, the Sunday of the, fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 n. 1

——, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, v. 226

Rose-bushes a protection against witches, ii. 338;

used by mourners, probably to keep off the ghost, iii. 143

—— -tree, death in a blue, xi. 110

Rosemary burnt on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 sq.;

branches of, used to beat people with in the Christmas holidays, ix. 270, 271

[pg 438]

Rosenheim, district of Upper Bavaria, the Straw-bull at harvest in, vii. 289 sq.

Roses, the smoke of, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 339;

festival of the Crown of, x. 195;

the King and Queen of, x. 195

Rosetta stone, the inscription, vi. 27, 152 n.

Roslin, the last sheaf called the Bride at, vii. 163

Rosmapamon, in Brittany, Renan's home at, ix. 70

Ross, Isabella, on the harvest Maiden in Sutherlandshire, vii. 162 n. 3

Ross-shire, the corp chre in, i. 69;

Beltane cakes in, x. 153;

burnt sacrifice of a pig in, x. 301 sq.

Rostowski, S., on the heathen religion of the Lithuanians, ii. 366 n. 2

Rostra, the, in the Forum, ii. 178

Rotation of crops, vii. 117

Rotenburg on the Neckar, offering to the river on St. John's Day at, xi. 28;

the wicked weaver of, xi. 289 sq.

Roth, H. Ling, on Tasmanian modes of making fire, ii. 258 n. 1

Roth, W. E., on changes of names caused by fear of ghosts among the natives of Queensland, iii. 356;

on belief in conception without sexual intercourse among the natives of Queensland, v. 103 n. 2

Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, v. 207, 209 n.

Rottenburg in Swabia, burning the Angel-man at, x. 167;

precautions against witches on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 73

Rotti, an East Indian island, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 191;

compensation to tree-spirit for felling tree in, ii. 36;

spiritual ruler in, iii. 24;

custom as to cutting child's hair in, iii. 276, 283;

custom as to knots at marriage in, iii. 301;

story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 130 n. 1

Rottweil, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231

Rotuma, treatment of navel-string in, i. 184

Rouen, St. Romain at, ii. 164 sqq.;

church of St. Ouen at, ii. 165;