General Index (continued 17)

called “the golden swing in the sky,” iv. 279;

Adonis interpreted as the, v. 228;

Osiris interpreted as the, vi. 120 sqq.;

called “the eye of Horus,” vi. 121;

worshipped in Egypt, vi. 122, 123 sqq.;

the power of regeneration ascribed to the, vi. 143 n. 4;

time of sowing determined by observation of the, vii. 187;

Japanese deities of the, vii. 212;

first-fruits offered to the, vii. 237, viii. 117;

temple of the, at Cuzco, vii. 310;

primitive mechanisms for observation of the, vii. 314;

festival of new fruits said to have been instituted by the, viii. 75;

origin of the Yuchi Indians from the mother of the, viii. 75;

the great chief of the Natchez descended from the, viii. 135;

appeal to the, at confession of sins, ix. 3;

reappearance of, in the Arctic regions, ceremonies at, ix. 124 sq., 125 n. 1;

spirit who lives in the, ix. 186;

hearts of human victims offered to the, ix. 279, 280 sq., 298;

Mexican story of the creation of the, ix. 410;

rule not to see the, x. 18 sqq.;

not to shine on girls at puberty, x. 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68;

not to be seen by Brahman boys for three days, x. 68 n. 2;

impregnation of women by the, x. 74 sq.;

made to shine on women at marriage, x. 75;

sheep and lambs sacrificed to the, x. 132;

symbolized by a wheel, x. 334 n. 1, 335;

in the sign of the lion, xi. 66 sq.;

magical virtues of plants at Midsummer derived [pg 480] from the, xi. 71 sq.;

in the sign of Sagittarius, xi. 82;

calls men to himself through death, xi. 173, 174 n. 1;

fern-seed procured by shooting at, on Midsummer Day, xi. 291;

the ultimate cooling of the, xi. 307

——, the birth of the, at the winter solstice, heathen festival of, v. 303 sqq., x. 246, 331 sq.;

Christmas, an old pagan festival of, v. 303 sqq., x. 246, 331 sq.

—— and Earth, marriage of the, ii. 98 sq., 148, v. 47 sq.

——, eclipses of the, ceremonies at, i. 311, 312;

beliefs and practices as to, iv. 73 n. 2, 77, x. 162 n.;

defilement or poison thought to be caused by, x. 162 n.

——, father of Alectrona, viii. 45

——, the Great, title of head chief of Natchez Indians, ii. 262, 263, viii. 77 sqq.

—— and Moon, their marriage celebrated by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146 sq.;

mythical and dramatic marriage of, iv. 71, 73 sq., 78, 87 sq., 90, 92, 105;

conjunction of, viii. 15 n. 1

——, moon, and stars represented by globes at the Laurel-bearing festival at Thebes, iv. 88 sq.;

human victims sacrificed to, by the heathen of Harran, vii. 261 sq.

——, priest of the, among the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146 sq.;

Athenian, uses a white umbrella, x. 20 n. 1

——, the rising, salutations to, vi. 193, ix. 416

——, the setting, homoeopathic magic of, i. 165 sq.;

charms to prevent, i. 316 sqq., ix. 30 n. 2

——, temple of the, round, among Blackfoot Indians, ii. 147;

at Cuzco, ii. 243, ix. 129, x. 132;

at Baalbec, v. 163;

among the Natchez, viii. 135

——, the Unconquered, Mithra identified with, v. 304

Sun-charms, i. 311 sqq., x. 331;

the solstitial and other ceremonial fires perhaps sun-charms, xi. 292

—— clan of the Bechuanas, their magic to cause the sun to shine, i. 313

—— -dial of the Dyaks, vii. 314 n. 4

—— -god, the, Egyptian ceremony to aid, i. 67 sq.;

sacrifice for sunshine to, i. 291;

no wine offered to, i. 311;

the titles of, transferred to the kings of Egypt, i. 418;

the Egyptian, i. 418, 419, vi. 123 sqq., ix. 341;

draws away souls, iii. 64 sq.;

supposed to drive in a four-horse car, iv. 91;

annually married to Earth-goddess, v. 47 sq.;

hymns to, vi. 123 sq.;

Sûrya, the Indian, xi. 1;

wakened from his sleep by the fires of the Pongol festival, xi. 46

Sun goddess, the Mikado an incarnation of the, i. 417, iii. 2;

of the Hittites, v. 133 n.;

the Japanese, ix. 213 n. 1

—— -stone used in making sunshine, i. 314

Sunda, names of father and mother not to be mentioned in, iii. 341;

names of princes or chiefs not to be uttered in, iii. 376;

names of certain animals tabooed in, iii. 415.

See also Sundanese

Sundal, in Norway, need-fire in, x. 280

Sundanese, their belief in the homoeopathic magic of house timber, i. 146;

expel tree-spirit before they fell the tree, ii. 36.

See also Sunda

Sunday, children born on a Sunday can see treasures in the earth, xi. 288 n. 5

—— of the Firebrands, the first Sunday in Lent, x. 110

—— in Lent, the first, fire-festival on the, x. 107 sqq.

—— of the Rose, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 n. 1

Sunderbans, tigers called jackals in the, iii. 403

Sunderland, cure for cough in, ix. 52

Sunflower roots, revered by the Thompson Indians, ii. 13;

ceremony at eating the, viii. 81

Sung-yang, were-tiger in, x. 310

Suni Mohammedans of Bombay cover mirrors at a death, iii. 95

Sunkalamma, a goddess, her effigy made of rice and eaten sacramentally by the Malas of Southern India, viii. 93

Sunless, Prince, Acarnanian story of, x. 21

Sunset, stories not to be told before, iii. 384

Sunshine, use of fire as a charm to produce, x. 341 sq.

Süntevögel or Sunnenvögel, butterflies, expelled in Westphalia on St. Peter's Day, ix. 159 n. 1

Superb warbler, called women's “sister” among the Kurnai, xi. 215 n. 1, 216, 218

Superhuman power supposed to be acquired by actors in sacred dramas, ix. 382, 383

Superiority of the goddess in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, vi. 201 sq.;

of goddesses over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, vi. 202 sqq.;

legal, of women over men in ancient Egypt, vi. 214

Supernatural basis of morality, iii. 213 sq.

—— beings, their names tabooed, iii. 384 sqq.

[pg 481]

Superstition a crutch to morality, iii. 219;

spring pageants originate in, iv. 269

Superstitions as to the making of pottery, ii. 204 sq.;

as to shooting stars, iv. 60 sqq.;

associated with the Twelve Nights, ix. 326 sqq.;

as to women at menstruation, x. 76 sqq.;

associated with May Day and Hallowe'en, x. 224;

Index of, x. 270;

about parasitic rowans, xi. 281 sq.;

about trees struck by lightning, xi. 296 sqq.

Superstitious practices to procure good crops, vii. 100;

at the Midsummer festival of St. John the Baptist, xi. 45

Supper, the harvest, vii. 134, 138.

See Harvest-supper

Supplementary days in the Egyptian year, vi. 6, ix. 340 sq.;

in the ancient Mexican year, vi. 28 n. 3;

in the old Iranian year, vi. 67, 68;

in the year of the Mayas of Yucatan, ix. 171, 340;

in the Aztec year, ix. 339 sq.

See also Intercalary

Supply of kings, iv. 134 sqq.

Supreme Being of the Ewe negroes, ix. 74 sq., 76 n. 1

—— Beings, otiose, in Africa, iv. 19 n.

—— God of the Oraons, ix. 92 sq.

—— gods in Africa, vi. 165, 173 sq., 174, 186, with note 5, 187 n. 1, 188 sq., 190

Surenthal in Switzerland, new fire made by friction at Midsummer in the, x. 169 sq.

Surinam, the Bush negroes of, ii. 385, viii. 26

Surrey, the weald of, ii. 7

Survival of the fittest, the principle of, apparently enunciated by Empedocles, viii. 306;

stated by Aristotle, viii. 306

Sûrya, the Indian sun-god, xi. 1

Susa, to the south of Abyssinia, the king of, eats behind a curtain, iii. 119

——, in Persia, scene of the Book of Esther laid at, ix. 360, 366

Sussex, belief as to cast teeth in, i. 177 sq.;

the weald of, ii. 7;

belief in, as to ground on which blood has been shed, iii. 244;

superstition as to clipped hair in, iii. 270 sq.;

cleft ash-trees used for the cure of rupture in, xi. 169 sq.

Sutherland, the corp chre in, i. 69

Sutherlandshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 162;

custom at eating new potatoes in, viii. 51;

the need-fire in, x. 294 sq.;

sept of the Mackays, “the descendants of the seal,” in, xi. 131 sq.

Suzees of Sierra Leone, kings among the, iii. 18

Svayamvara, ancient Indian mode of determining a husband, ii. 306

Swabia, homoeopathic magic at sowing in, i. 138;

stones tied to fruit-trees in, i. 140;

the Harvest-May in, ii. 48;

May-trees in, ii. 68;

church bells rung on Midsummer morning in, to drive away witches, ii. 127;

disposal of cut hair in, iii. 276;

Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 207;

Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies in, iv. 230, 233;

the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 136;

Altisheim in, vii. 136;

the Oats-goat at harvest in, vii. 282;

Gablingen in, vii. 282;

last standing corn called the Cow in, vii. 289;

the Cow at threshing in, vii. 290;

Obermedlingen in, vii. 290;

the thresher of the last corn called the Sow in, vii. 298 sq.;

Friedingen in, vii. 298;

Onstmettingen in, vii. 299;

the “Twelve Lot Days” in, ix. 322;

“burning the witch” on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 116;

custom of throwing lighted discs on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 116 sq.;

Easter fires in, x. 144 sq.;

custom at eclipses in, x. 162 n.;

the Midsummer fires in, x. 166 sq.;

witches as hares and horses in, x. 318 sq.;

the divining-rod in, xi. 68 n. 4;

fern-seed brought by Satan on Christmas night in, xi. 289

Swabian custom as to child's teething, i. 180

—— story of soul in form of mouse, iii. 39 n. 1

Swahili of East Africa, their New Year's Day, ix. 226 n. 1;

their ceremony of the new fire, x. 140;

birth-trees among the, xi. 160 sq.;

their story of an African Samson, xi. 314

Swahili charm by means of knotted cords, iii. 305 sq.

Swallow, wooden effigy of, carried about the streets on the first of March, viii. 322 n.

Swallow dance among the Kobeua and Kaua Indians of Brazil, ix. 381

—— Song, the Greek, viii. 322 n.

Swallowing of souls by shamans, iii. 76 sq.

Swallows as scapegoats, ix. 35;

stones found in stomachs of, x. 17

Swami Bhaskaranandaji Saraswati, Hindoo gentleman worshipped as a god, i. 404

Swan, J. G., on the masked dances of the Indians of North-Western America, ix. 376 sq.

Swan, guardian spirit of a woman as a, i. 200

Swan-woman, Tartar story of the, xi. 144

[pg 482]

Swan's bone, used by menstruous women to drink out of, x. 48, 49, 50, 90, 92

Swans, transmigration of bad poets into, viii. 308

Swans' song in a fairy tale, xi. 124

Swanton, J. R., on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Haida Indians, x. 45 n. 1

Swastika, carved on Hittite monument at Ibreez, v. 122 n. 1

Swazieland, knots as charms in, iii. 305

Swazies, the, of South-Eastern Africa, their rain-making, i. 249;

their king a rain-maker, i. 350 sq.

Swearing on stones, i. 160 sq.

Sweat, contagious magic of, i. 206, 213;

of famous warriors drunk, viii. 152

Sweating as a purification, iii. 142, 156, 184

Sweden, guardian-trees in, ii. 58;

birch-twigs on the eve of May Day in, ii. 64 sq.;

bonfires and May-poles at Midsummer in, ii. 65;

Midsummer Bride and Bridegroom in, ii. 92, v. 251;

cattle crowned in spring in, ii. 127 n. 2;

Frey and his priestess in, ii. 143 sq.;

customs observed in, at turning out the cattle to graze for the first time in spring, ii. 341 sq.;

oaks and pines in the peat-bogs of, ii. 352;

dramatic contest between Winter and Summer on May Day in, iv. 254;

Maypole or Midsummer-tree in, v. 250;

kings of, answerable for the fertility of the ground, vi. 220;

marriage custom in, to ensure the birth of a boy, vi. 262;

custom at threshing in, vii. 149, 230;

“Killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;

the Yule Boar in, vii. 300 sqq.;

Christmas customs in, vii. 301 sq.;

belief as to eating white snake in, viii. 146;

magpies' eggs and young carried from house to house on May Day in, viii. 321 n. 3;

the Yule Goat in, viii. 327 sq.;

heaps of stones or sticks to which passers-by add in, ix. 14;

sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15, 20 sq.;

offerings at cairns in, ix. 27;

customs observed on Yule Night in, x. 20 sq.;

Easter bonfires in, x. 146;

bonfires on the Eve of May Day in, x. 159, 336;

Midsummer fires in, x. 172;

the need-fire in, x. 280;

bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29;

“Midsummer Brooms” in, xi. 54;

the divining-rod in, xi. 69, 291;

mistletoe to be shot or knocked down with stones in, xi. 82;

mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83;

medical use of mistletoe in, xi. 84;

mistletoe used as a protection against conflagration in, xi. 85, 293;

mistletoe cut at Midsummer in, xi. 86;

mystic properties ascribed to mistletoe on St. John's Eve in, xi. 86;

Balder's balefires in, xi. 87;

children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in, xi. 170;

crawling through a hoop as a cure in, xi. 184;

superstitions about a parasitic rowan in, xi. 281

Swedes, the heathen, their mimicry of thunder, i. 248 n. 1;

sacrifice their kings in times of dearth, i. 366 sq.

Swedish kings, traces of nine years' reign of, iv. 57 sq.

—— peasants stick leafy branches in corn-fields, ii. 47

—— popular belief that certain animals should not be called by their proper names, iii. 397

Sweeping misfortune out of house with brooms, ix. 5

—— out the town, annual ceremony of, ix. 135

Sweet potatoes cultivated in Africa, vii. 117;

cultivated in South America, vii. 121;

cultivated in Assam, vii. 123;

cultivated in New Britain, vii. 123;

offering of, to the god of sweet potatoes among the Maoris, viii. 133

Sweethearts of St. John at Midsummer in Sardinia, ii. 92, v. 244 sq.

Swelling and inflammation thought to be caused by eating out of sacred vessels or by wearing sacred garments, iii. 4

Swiftness in running, charm to ensure, i. 155

Swim or sink, in divination, i. 196;

test used to determine a new incarnation, i. 413

Swine, herds of, in ancient Italy, ii. 354;

a tabooed word to fishermen, iii. 394, 395;

not eaten by people of Pessinus, v. 265;

not eaten by worshippers of Adonis, v. 265;

not allowed to enter Comana in Pontus, v. 265;

souls of the dead in, viii. 296

——, wild, their ravages in the corn, viii. 31 sqq.

See also Pigs

Swine's flesh sacramentally eaten, viii. 20, 24;

not eaten by worshippers of Attis, viii. 22;

not eaten by Egyptian priests, viii. 24 n. 2

See also Pig's flesh and Pork

Swineherds, their horns, ii. 354;

forbidden to enter Egyptian temples, viii. 24

Swing in the Sky, the Golden, description of the sun, iv. 279

Swinging, festival of, at Athens, i. 46 n. 1;

at ploughing rite in Siam, iv. 150, 151, 156 sq.;

as a ceremony or magical rite, iv. 277 sqq.;

on hooks [pg 483] run through the body, Indian custom, iv. 278 sq.;

as a cure for sickness, iv. 279, 280 sq.;

as a mode of inspiration, iv. 280;

images as a funeral rite, iv. 282;

as a ceremony of purification, iv. 282 sq.;

as a festal rite in modern Greece, Spain, and Italy, iv. 283 sq.;

for good crops, vii. 101, 103, 107

Swiss superstition as to knots in shrouds, iii. 310

Switzerland, the lake-dwellings of, ii. 353;

the Corn-goat, Oats-goat, and Rye-goat at harvest in, vii. 283;

the Wheat-cow, Corn-cow, Oats-cow, Corn-bull, etc., at harvest in, vii. 289, 291;

omens from the cry of the quail in, vii. 295;

weather forecasts in, ix. 323;

Lenten fires in, x. 118 sq.;

new fire kindled by friction of wood in, x. 169 sq.;

Midsummer fires in, x. 172;

the Yule log in, x. 249;

need-fire in, x. 279 sq., 336;

people warned against bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 27;

the belief in witchcraft in, xi. 42 n. 2;

divination by orpine at Midsummer in, xi. 61

Sword, biting a, as a charm, i. 160;

girls married to a, v. 61

——, a magical, possessed by Fire King, ii. 5;

sacrifices offered to it, ii. 5

Sword-fish thanked for being killed by the Ainos, viii. 251

Swords to frighten evil spirits, i. 186;

used to ward off or expel demons, ix. 113, 118, 119, 120, 123, 203;

carried by mummers, ix. 245, 251

——, golden, iv. 75

Sycamore at doors on May Day, ii. 60;

effigy of Osiris placed on boughs of, vi. 88, 110;

sacred to Osiris, vi. 110

Sycamores worshipped in ancient Egypt, ii. 15;

sacred among the Gallas, ii. 34

Syene, held by a Roman garrison, iv. 144 n. 2;

inscriptions at, vi. 35 n. 1

Syleus, a Lydian, compelled passers-by to dig in his vineyard, vii. 257 sq.;

killed by Hercules, vii. 258

Sylvan deities in classical art, ii. 45

Symbolism, coarse, of Osiris and Dionysus, vi. 112, 113

Symmachus on the festival of the Great Mother, v. 298

Sympathetic magic, i. 51 sqq., iii. 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287, iv. 77, vii. 102, 139, viii. 33, 271, 311 sq., ix. 399;

its two branches, i. 54;

examples of, i. 55 sqq.

See also Magic

—— relation between cleft tree and person who has been passed through it, xi. 170, 171 n. 1, 172;

between man and animal, xi. 272 sq.

Sympathy, magical, between a man and severed portions of his person, i. 175, iii. 267 sq., 283

Synonyms adopted in order to avoid naming the dead, iii. 359 sqq.;

in the Zulu language, iii. 377;

in the Maori language, iii. 381

Syntengs of Assam, iv. 55. See Jaintias

Syracuse, funeral games in honour of Timoleon at, iv. 94;

the Blue Spring at, v. 213 n. 1

Syrakoi chose as king the man with the longest head, ii. 297

Syria, charm to make fruit-trees bear in, i. 140;

oak-tree worshipped in, ii. 16;

St. George in, ii. 346, v. 78, 79, 90;

belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;

Adonis in, v. 13 sqq.;

“holy men” in, v. 77 sq.;

hot springs resorted to by childless women in, v. 213 sqq.;

subject to earthquakes, v. 222 n. 1;

the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, v. 303;

turning money at the new moon in, vi. 149;

bones of sacrificial victim not broken in, viii. 258 n. 2;

precaution against caterpillars in, viii. 279;

stones piled on graves of robbers in, ix. 17;

practice of raising cairns near sacred places in, ix. 21;

Aphrodite and Adonis in, ix. 386;

restrictions on menstruous women in, x. 84

Syrian bridegroom must have no knots on his garments, iii. 300

—— custom of saluting the rising sun, ix. 416

—— god Hadad, v. 15

—— goddess at Hierapolis, hair offered to the, i. 29

—— mother, her vow, iii. 263

—— peasants believe that women can conceive without sexual intercourse, v. 91

—— witch, her procedure described by Lucian, iii. 270

—— women bathe in the Orontes to procure offspring, ii. 160;

resort to hot springs to obtain offspring, ii. 161, v. 213 sqq.;

apply to saints for offspring, ii. 346, v. 78, 79, 90, 109

—— writer on the reasons for assigning Christmas to the twenty-fifth of December, v. 304 sq.

Syrians, their religious attitude to pigs, viii. 23;

esteemed fish sacred, viii. 26

Syrmia, the Yule log in, x. 262 sq.

Syro-Macedonian calendar, iv. 116 n. 1, ix. 358 n. 1

Szagmanten, in Tilsit district, the last sheaf at harvest called the Old Rye-woman at, vii. 232

Szis, the, of Upper Burma, the Father [pg 484] and Mother of the Paddy (unhusked rice) among, vii. 203 sq.

Ta-cul-lies, native name of the Carrier Indians, iii. 215 n. 2

Ta-ta-thi tribe of New South Wales, their mode of making rain by crystals, i. 304

Tâ-uz (Tammuz), mourned by Syrian women in Harran, v. 230

Taanach, in Palestine, burial of children in jars at, v. 109 n. 1

Taara, the thunder-god of the Esthonians, ii. 367

Tabali, in South Nigeria, precaution as to the spittle of chiefs at, iii. 289

Tabari, Arab chronicler, his story how King Sapor took the city of Atrae, x. 82 sq.

Tabaristan, rain-producing cave in, i. 301

Table, leaping from, a charm to make crops grow high, i. 138, 139 n.

Tablets of destiny wrested by Marduk from Ningu, iv. 110

Taboo, or negative magic, i. 111 sqq., 143;

of chiefs and kings in Tonga, iii. 133 sq.;

of chiefs in New Zealand, iii. 134 sqq.;

Esquimau theory of, iii. 210 sqq.;

the meaning of, iii. 224;

conceived as a dangerous physical substance which needs to be insulated, x. 6 sq.

——, sanctity, and uncleanness, their equivalence in primitive thought, iii. 285;

sanctity and uncleanness not differentiated in the notion of, viii. 23

Taboo rajah and chief, iii. 24 sq.

Tabooed acts, iii. 101 sqq.

—— hands, iii. 133, 134, 138, 140 sqq., 146 sqq., 158, 159 n., 174, 265

—— men at festival of wild mango in New Guinea, x. 7 sq.

—— persons, iii. 131 sqq.;

fed by others, iii. 133, 134 n. 1, 138, 138 n. 1, 139, 140, 141, 142, 147, 148 n. 1, 166, 167, 265;

secluded, iii. 165;

kept from contact with the ground, x. 2 sqq.

—— things, iii. 224 sqq.;

kept from contact with the ground, x. 7 sqq.

—— village, viii. 122

—— women at festival of wild mango in New Guinea, x. 8

—— words, iii. 318 sqq.

Taboos, homoeopathic, i. 116;

contagious, i. 117;

on food, i. 117 sqq., iii. 291 sqq.;

laid on the parents of twins, i. 262, 263 sq., 266;

royal and priestly, iii. 1 sqq.;

on intercourse with strangers, iii. 101 sqq.;

on eating and drinking, iii. 116 sqq.;

on showing the face, iii. 120 sqq.;

on quitting the house, iii. 122 sqq.;

on leaving food over, iii. 126 sqq.;

on persons who have handled the dead, iii. 138 sqq.;

on mourners, iii. 138 sqq.;

on lads at initiation, iii. 141 sq., 156 sq.;

on warriors, iii. 157 sqq.;

on man-slayers, iii. 165 sqq.;

on murderers, iii. 187 sq.;

on hunters and fishers, iii. 190 sqq.;

transformed into ethical precepts, iii. 214;

survivals of, in morality, iii. 218 sq.;

as spiritual insulators, iii. 224;

on sharp weapons, iii. 237 sqq.;

on blood, iii. 239 sqq.;

relating to the head, iii. 252 sqq.;

on hair, iii. 258 sqq.;

on spittle, iii. 287 sqq.;

on knots and rings, iii. 293 sqq.;

on words, iii. 318 sqq., 392 sqq.;

on personal names, iii. 318 sqq.;

on names of relations, iii. 335 sqq.;

on the names of the dead, iii. 349 sqq.;

on names of kings and chiefs, iii. 374 sqq.;

on names of supernatural beings, iii. 384 sqq.;

on names of gods, iii. 387 sqq.;

on common words, iii. 392 sqq.;

on common words based on a fear of spirits or of animals supposed to be endowed with human intelligence, iii. 416 sqq.;

communal, vii. 109 n. 2;

agricultural, vii. 187;

relating to milk, viii. 83 sq.;

regulating the lives of divine kings, x. 2

Taboos observed in fishing and hunting on the principle of sympathetic magic, i. 113 sqq.;

by children in the absence of their fathers, i. 116, 119, 122, 123, 127, 131;

by wives in the absence of their husbands, i. 116, 119, 120, 121, 122 sqq., 127 sqq.;

by sisters in the absence of their brothers, i. 122, 123, 125, 127;

by parents of twins, i. 262, 263 sq., 266;

after house-building, ii. 40;

for the sake of the crops, ii. 98, 105 sqq.;

by fathers of twins, ii. 102, iii. 239 sq.;

by Brahman fire-priests, ii. 248;

by the Flamen Dialis, ii. 248, iii. 13 sq.;

by herd-boys while watching the herds, ii. 331;

by the Mikado, iii. 3 sq.;

by headmen in Assam, iii. 11;

by ancient kings of Ireland, iii. 11 sq.;

by the Bodia or Bodio, iii. 15;

by sacred milkmen among the Todas, iii. 16 sqq.;

by a priest in Celebes, iii. 129;

by mourners, iii. 235 sq.;

by searchers for lignum aloes, iii. 404;

at the sowing festival among the Kayans, vii. 94, 187;

by enchanters of crops among the Kai, vii. 100;

at the sanctuary of Alectrona in Rhodes, viii. 45;

at the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46;

after the capture of a ground seal, walrus, or whale among the Esquimaux, viii. 246;

[pg 485]

by priest of Earth in Southern Nigeria, x. 4

Tabor, in Bohemia, custom of “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 237 sq.

Tacitus, Germans in the time of, ii. 285;

on the sacred groves of the Germans, ii. 363 n. 6;

as to German observation of the moon, vi. 141;

on human sacrifices offered by the ancient Germans, xi. 28 n. 1;

on the goddess Nerthus, xi. 28 n. 1

Taenarum in Laconia, Poseidon worshipped at, v. 203 n. 2

Tagales of the Philippines, their excuse to tree-spirit for felling the tree, ii. 36 sq.

Tagalogs of the Philippines, their reverence for flowers and trees, ii. 18 sq.

Tagbanuas of the Philippines, their custom of sending spirits of disease away in little ships, ix. 189

Tahiti, seclusion of women after childbirth in, iii. 147;

kings and queens of, not to be touched, iii. 226;

sanctity of the head in, iii. 255 sq.;

remarkable rule of succession in, iv. 190;

funeral custom to prevent return of ghost in, viii. 97;

offerings of first-fruits in, viii. 132;

transference of sins in, ix. 45 sq.;

king and queen of, not allowed to set foot on the ground, x. 3;

the fire-walk in, xi. 11.

See also Tahitians

——, kings of, deified, i. 388;

abdicate on birth of a son, iii. 20;

their names not to be pronounced, iii. 381 sq.

Tahitians buried their cut hair at temples, iii. 274;

burned or buried their shorn hair for fear of witchcraft, iii. 281;

their notions as to eclipses of the sun and moon, iv. 73 n. 2;

their belief in the action of spirits, ix. 80 sq.;

the New Year of the, xi. 244

Tahuata, human god in the island of, i. 387 n. 1

Tai-chow, district of China, voluntary martyrdom of Buddhist monks in, iv. 42

Tâif, custom of polling the hair after a journey at, iii. 261

Taigonos Peninsula, the Koryaks of the, ix. 126

Tail of corn-spirit, vii. 268, 272, 300, viii. 10, 43;

of sacrificial horse cut off, viii. 42, 43.

See also Tails

“Tail-money” given to herdsmen on St. George's Day, ii. 331

Tailltenn, pagan cemetery at, iv. 101

Tailltiu or Tailltin, in County Meath, now Teltown, the fair of, iv. 99, 101;

pagan cemetery at, iv. 101

Tailltiu, foster-mother of Lug, iv. 99

Tails of cats docked as a magical precaution, iii. 128 sq.

Tails of cattle, fire tied to, in rain-charm, i. 302

Tain tribe of Dinkas, influence of rain-maker over the, iv. 32

Taiping rebellion, i. 414

Tajan, the Dyaks of, forbidden to mention the names of parents and grandparents, iii. 340

—— and Landak, districts of Dutch Borneo, bride and bridegroom not allowed to touch the earth among the Dyaks of, x. 5;

birth-trees among the Dyaks of, xi. 164

Tak, mountain in Tabaristan, rain-making cave on, i. 301

Takhas, the, worship the cobra, i. 383 n. 4;

on border of Cashmeer, inspired prophets among, i. 383

Takilis or Carrier Indians, succession to the soul among the, iv. 199.

See Carrier Indians

Takitount, in Algeria, rain-making at, i. 250

Talaga Bodas, volcano in Java, sulphureous exhalations at, v. 204

Talaings, the, of Lower Burma, their customs as to the last sheaf at rice-harvest, vii. 190 sq.

Talbot, P. Amaury, on self-mutilation among the Ekoi, v. 271 n.;

on external human souls in animals in West Africa, xi. 208 n. 1, 209 n. 1

Talegi, Motlav word for external soul, xi. 198

Taleins, the, of Burma, their worship of demons, ix. 96

Tales, wandering souls in popular, iii. 49 sq.;

told as charms, vii. 102 sqq.;

the resurrection of the body in popular, viii. 263 sqq.;

of maidens forbidden to see the sun, x. 70 sqq.;

the external soul in popular, xi. 95 sqq.

Tāli tied to bride, Hindoo marriage symbol, ii. 57 n. 4

Talismans possessed by the Fire King of Cambodia, ii. 5;

crowns and wreaths as, vi. 242 sq.;

of cities, x. 83 n. 1

See also Amulets

——, public, iii. 317 n. 1;

in antiquity, i. 365 n. 7

Talmud, the, on Purim, ix. 363;

on menstruous women, x. 83

Talos, a bronze man, perhaps identical with the Minotaur, iv. 74 sq.

Tamanachiers, Indian tribe of the Orinoco, their story of the origin of death, ix. 303

Tamanaks of the Orinoco, their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 61 n. 3

Tamanawas or tamanous, guardian spirits, ix. 376 n. 3;

dramatic performances of myths, ix. 376, 377

[pg 486]

Tamaniu, external soul in the Mota language, xi. 198 sq., 220

Tamara, island off New Guinea, belief in the transmigration of human souls into pigs in, viii. 296

Tamarind married to a mango in India, ii. 25

Tamarind-trees sacred, ii. 42, 44, 46

Tamarisk, sacred to Osiris, vi. 110 sq.;

Isfendiyar slain with a branch of a, x. 105

Tamarisk branches used to beat people ceremonially, ix. 263

Tambaran, demons, among the Melanesians of New Britain, ix. 82, 83

Tami, the, of German New Guinea, their theory of earthquakes, v. 198;

their rites of initiation, xi. 239 sqq.

Tamil temples, dancing-girls in, v. 61

Tamirads, a family of diviners in Cyprus, v. 42

Tammuz or Adonis, v. 6 sqq.;

in the East perhaps replaced by St. George, ii. 346;

the summer lamentations for, iv. 7;

his relation to Adonis, v. 6 n. 1;

his worship of Sumerian origin, v. 7 sq.;

“true son of the deep water,” v. 8, 246;

laments for, v. 9 sq.;

mourned for at Jerusalem, v. 11, 17, 20, ix. 400;

as a corn-spirit, v. 230;

his bones ground in a mill, v. 230, vii. 258;

perhaps represented by the mock king of the Sacaea, vii. 258 sq.;

the lover of Ishtar, ix. 371, 373;

annual death and resurrection of, ix. 398.

See also Adonis

—— and Ishtar, v. 8 sq., ix. 399, 406

Tammuz, a Babylonian month, v. 10 n. 1, 230, vii. 259

Tana (Tanna), one of the New Hebrides, contagious magic of clothes in, i. 206;

power of the disease-makers in, i. 341;

magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127 sq.;

dead ancestors worshipped as gods in, viii. 125;

first-fruits offered to ancestors in, viii. 125 sq.

Tanala, the, of Madagascar, their custom at circumcision, iii. 227;

their mode of averting ill-luck from children, vii. 9;

believe that the souls of the dead transmigrate into animals, viii. 290

Tanaquil, the Queen, wife of Tarquin, story of the birth of Servius Tullius in connexion with, ii. 195

Tanatoa, deified king of Raiatea, i. 387 sq.

Tang dynasty of China, custom of marrying girls to the Yellow River under the, ii. 152

Tanga Coast of East Africa, belief as to mischievous spirits of trees on the, ii. 34

Tanganyika, Lake, Urua to the west of, i. 395;

human victims thrown into, ii. 158;

Winamwanga tribe to the south of, ii. 293, viii. 112;

the Awemba to the west of, vii. 115;

custom of carriers on the plateau between Lake Nyassa and, ix. 10;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the tribes of the plateau to the west of, x. 24

—— plateau, custom as to the planting of bananas among the natives of the, vii. 115

Tangier, the Barley Bride among the Berbers near, vii. 178

Tangkhuls of Manipur, licence before sowing among the, ii. 100

Tangkul Nagas of Assam, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 57 sqq.;

their tug-of-war, ix. 177

Tani, a god in the Society Islands, first-fruits presented to, viii. 132 sq.

Tanjore, dancing-girls at, v. 61;

the Rajah of, his sins transferred to Brahmans, ix. 44

Tanner, John, and the Shawnee sage, xi. 157

Tanneteya, in Celebes (?), vii. 196 n.

Tano, a fetish, on the Ivory Coast, viii. 287

Tanoe, River, on the Ivory Coast, viii. 287

Tantad, Midsummer bonfire, in Lower Brittany, x. 183

Tantalus, king of Sipylus, ancestor of the Pelopidae, ii. 279;

murders his son Pelops, v. 181

Taoism, religious head of, i. 413 sqq.;

defined as “exorcising polytheism,” ix. 99

Taoist treatise on the soul, xi. 221

Tapajos, tributary of the Amazon, the Mauhes on the, x. 62

Taphos besieged by Amphitryo, xi. 103

Tapia, a malignant ghost in San Cristoval, iii. 56

Tapio, woodland god in Finland, ii. 124

Tapir, custom of Indians after killing a, viii. 236

Tapirs, souls of dead in, viii. 285

Tapping a palm-tree for wine in Java, ceremony at, ii. 100 sq.

Tapuiyas, the, of Brazil, worshipped the Pleiades, vii. 309

Tar as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 53;

to keep out ghosts and witches, ix. 153 n. 1

See also Pitch

Tar-barrels burnt at Up-helly-a', in Lerwick, ix. 169;

burning, swung round pole at Midsummer, x. 169;

burnt at Midsummer among the [pg 487] Esthonians, x. 180;

burnt on Hogmanay at Burghead, x. 266 sq.;

procession with lighted, on Christmas Eve in Lerwick, x. 268

Tara, the capital of ancient Ireland, the sun not to rise on the king of Ireland in his bed at, iii. 11;

no king with a personal blemish allowed to reign over Ireland at, iv. 39;

pagan cemetery at, iv. 101;

new fire kindled in spring in the King's house at, x. 158

Tarahumares of Mexico, their charm to secure victory in race, i. 150;

their homoeopathic charm to make them fleet of foot, i. 155;

their rain-making by making smoke, i. 249;

their rain-charm by dipping a plough in water, i. 284;

their worship of water-serpents, ii. 156 sq.;

their belief as to shooting stars, iv. 62;

ceremonies performed by them at hoeing, ploughing, and harvest, vii. 227 sq.;

sacrifice to the Master of Fish, viii. 252;

their custom of adding sticks or stones to heaps, ix. 10;

their dances for the crops, ix. 236 sqq.

Tarascon, the dragon of, ii. 170 n. 1

Tarashchansk district of Russia, rain-making in the, i. 285

Tarbolton, in Ayrshire, annual bonfire at, x. 207

Tari Pennu, Earth Goddess of the Khonds, human sacrifices offered to her for the crops, vii. 245

Tarianas, the, of the Amazon, their custom of drinking the ashes of the dead, viii. 157

Tarija, in Bolivia, Earth-mothers at, vii. 173 n.

Tark, Tarku, Trok, Troku, syllables in names of Cilician priests, v. 144;

perhaps the name of a Hittite deity, v. 147;

perhaps the name of the god of Olba, v. 148, 165

Tarkimos, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145

Tarkondimotos, name of two Cilician kings, v. 145 n. 2

Tarkuaris, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145;

priestly king of Olba, v. 145

Tarkudimme or Tarkuwassimi, name on Hittite seal, v. 145 n. 2

Tarkumbios, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145

Tarnow, district of Galicia, wreath made out of last sheaf called the Wheat-mother, Rye-mother, or Pea-mother in, vii. 135

Taro, magical stones to promote the growth of, i. 162;

charms for growth of, vii. 100, 102

Taro plants beaten to make them grow, ix. 264

Tarquin the Elder, husband of Tanaquil, ii. 195;

succeeded by his son-in-law, ii. 270;

his sons, ii. 270 n. 3;

his descent, ii. 270 n. 6;

murdered, ii. 320

Tarquin the Proud, sacred precinct on the Alban Mount dedicated by, ii. 187;

uncle of L. Junius Brutus, ii. 290;

his attempt to shift the line of descent of the Roman kingship, ii. 291 sq.

Tarquitius Priscus, on unlucky trees, iii. 275 n. 3

Tarsus in Cilicia, climate and fertility of, v. 118;

school of philosophy at, v. 118;

Sandan and Baal at, v. 142 sq., 161;

priesthood of Hercules at, v. 143;

Fortune of the City on coins of, v. 164;

divine triad at, v. 171

——, the Baal of, v. 117 sqq., 162 sq.

——, coins of, representing Sandan on the pyre, ix. 388 n. 2

——, Sandan of, v. 124 sqq., ix. 388, 389, 391, 392

Tartar Khan, ceremony at visiting a, iii. 114

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 142 sq., 144 sq.

Tartars, their belief in living Buddhas incarnate in Grand Lamas, i. 410 sq.;

divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 n. 4;

do not break bones of the animals they eat, viii. 258 n. 2;

after a funeral leap over fire, xi. 18

—— of the Middle Ages, names of the dead not uttered till the third generation among the, iii. 370

Tasmania, the aborigines of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353

Tasmanians carried fire about with them, ii. 257 sq.;

seem to have changed common words after a death, iii. 364 n. 1

Tat or tatu pillar. See Ded pillar

Tate, H. R., on serpent-worship among the Akikuyu, v. 85

Tatia, wife of Numa, ii. 270 n. 5

Tatius, king of Rome, succeeded by his son-in-law Numa, ii. 270 and nn. 1, 5;

the Sabine colleague of Romulus, killed with sacrificial knives, ii. 320

Tattoo-marks, tribal, in Dahomey, v. 74 n. 4;

of priests in Dahomey, v. 74 n. 4;

of priests of Attis, v. 278;

on slave or prisoner of war, ix. 47

Tattooing in the Punjaub, belief as to, iii. 30;

of bride in Fiji, x. 34 n. 1;

medicinal use of, x. 98 n. 1;

at initiation, xi. 258, 259, 261 n.

Tauaré Indians, of the Rio Enivra, eat the ashes of their dead, viii. 157

Taui Islanders, their custom as to a falling star, iv. 61

Taungthu, the, of Upper Burma, their [pg 488] way of securing the soul of the rice, vii. 190

Taunton, expedients for facilitating death at, iii. 309

Taupes et Mulots, fire ceremony on Eve of Twelfth Night in the Bocage of Normandy, ix. 317

Taura, priest, in Southern Pacific, i. 377, 378

Taurians of the Crimea, their use of the heads of prisoners, v. 294

Tauric Diana, her image brought by Orestes to Italy in a faggot of sticks, i. 10 sq.;

her image only to be appeased with human blood, i. 24

Taurobolium, sacrifice of a bull in the rites of Cybele, v. 274 sqq.;

or Tauropolium, v. 275 n. 1

Taurus, Mount, the Yourouks of, ii. 43

Taurus mountains, pass of the Cilician Gates in the, v. 120

Tavernier, J. B., on the annual expulsion of demons in Tonquin, ix. 148 n. 1

Taxation perhaps derived from offerings of first-fruits, viii. 116

Tay, Loch, Hallowe'en fires on, x. 232

Taygetus, Mount, sacrifices to the sun on, i. 315 sq.

Taylor, Isaac, on the relation of the Italian and Celtic languages, ii. 189 n. 3

Taylor, Rev. J. C., on the annual expulsion of evils at Onitsha, ix. 133;

on human scapegoat at Onitsha, ix. 211

Taylor, Rev. Richard, on human scapegoats in New Zealand, ix. 39;

on the Maori gods, ix. 81

Tcheou dynasty of China, change of calendar under the, x. 137

Tchiglit Esquimaux, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65

Teak, Loranthus on, xi. 317

Teanlas, Hallowe'en fires in Lancashire, x. 245

Tears of Isis thought to swell the Nile, vi. 33;

rain thought to be the tears of gods, vi. 33;

of human victim signs of rain, vii. 248, 250;

of oxen as rain-charm, viii. 10

Teasing animals before killing them, viii. 190

Tebach, bear-festival of the Gilyaks at, viii. 191 sqq.

Teberans, spirits, among the Melanesians of New Britain, i. 340

Teeth, ceremony of knocking out teeth at initiation among the tribes of Australia, i. 97 sqq.;

extraction of teeth in connexion with rain, i. 98 sq.;

tribute of, i. 101;

homoeopathic magic of, i. 137;

homoeopathic charms to strengthen, i. 153, 157;

contagious magic of, i. 176-182;

of rats and mice in magic, i. 178 sqq.;

of foxes and kangaroos in sympathetic magic, i. 180;

of ancestor in magical ceremony, i. 312;

loss of, supposed effect of breaking a taboo, iii. 140;

loosened by angry ghosts, iii. 186 n. 1;

as a rain-charm, iii. 271;

extracted, kept against the resurrection, iii. 280;

children whose upper teeth appear before the lower exposed, iii. 287 n.;

filed as preliminary to marriage, x. 68 n. 2

See also Tooth

Teeth and nails of sacred kings preserved as amulets, ii. 6

Teething, charms to help, i. 180

Tegea, tombstones at, v. 87;

Demeter and Persephone worshipped at, vii. 63 n. 14

Tegner, Swedish poet, on the burning of Balder, xi. 87

Tein Econuch, “forlorn fire,” need-fire, x. 292

Tein-eigin (teine-eigin, tin-egin), need-fire, in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 147, 148, 289, 291, 293

Teine Bheuil, fire of Beul, need-fire, in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 293

Telamon, son of Aeacus, king of Salamis, ii. 278, v. 145

Telchines, the, of Rhodes, legendary magicians, i. 310

Telepathy, magical, i. 119 sqq.;

in hunting and fishing, i. 120 sqq.;

in voyages, i. 126;

in war, i. 126 sqq.

Telephus at Pergamus, rule as to persons who had sacrificed to, viii. 85

Telingana, euphemistic name for snake in, iii. 402

Tell Ta'annek (Taanach), in Palestine, burial of children in jars at, v. 109 n. 1

Tell-el-Amarna, the new capital of King Amenophis IV., vi. 123 n. 1, 124, 125;

tablets, iv. 170 n. 5;

letters, v. 16 n. 5, 21 n. 2, 135 n.

Tellemarken in Norway, cairns to which passers-by add stones in, ix. 14

Teltown, in County Meath, the fair at, iv. 99

Telugu remedy for a fever, ix. 38

Telugus, their way of stopping rain, i. 253;

their precaution as to spittle, iii. 289

Tembadere, rain-maker at, ii. 3

Tempe, the Vale of, Apollo purged of the dragon's blood in, iv. 81, vi. 240

Temple, Sir R. C., on the fear of spirits and ghosts among the Nicobarese, ix. 88

Temple at Jerusalem built without iron, iii. 230

Temple, the Inner and the Middle, Lords of Misrule in the, ix. 333

[pg 489]

Temple church, Lord of Misrule in the, ix. 333

Temple-tombs of kings, vi. 161 sq., 167 sq., 170 sqq., 174, 194 sq.

Temples built in honour of living kings of Babylon, i. 417;

built in honour of living kings of Egypt, i. 418;

of dead kings in Africa, vi. 161 sq., 167 sq., 170 sqq., 194 sq.;

dedicated to sharks, viii. 292

Temporary king, ix. 403 sq.;

in Cambodia, iv. 148;

in Siam, iv. 149 sqq., ix. 151

—— kings, taking the place of the real kings for a time, iv. 148 sqq.;

their divine or magical functions, iv. 155 sqq.

—— reincarnation of the dead in their living namesakes, iii. 371

Ten Thousand, the march of the, iii. 124

Tench, jaundice transferred to a, ix. 52

Tendi, Batta word for soul, iii. 45, 263.

See also Tondi

Tendo, lagoon of, on the Ivory Coast, souls of dead in bats on the, viii. 287

Tenedos, sacrifice of infants to Melicertes in, iv. 162;

human beings torn in pieces at the rites of Dionysus in, vii. 24;

calf shod in buskins sacrificed to Dionysus in, vii. 33

Teneriffe, the Guanches of, i. 303

Tengaroeng in Borneo, swinging of priests and priestesses as a mode of inspiration at, iv. 280, 281

Tenggerese of Java, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n. 1;

sacrifice to volcano, v. 220;

their sham fight at New Year, ix. 184

Tenimber Islands, treatment of the afterbirth in the, i. 186;

first-fruits offered to spirits of ancestors in the, viii. 123

—— and Timor-laut Islands, new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in the, ii. 232 n. 3

Tenos, the calendar of, viii. 6 n.

Tent of widow burnt at Midsummer in Morocco, x. 215

Tentyra (Denderah), temple of Osiris at, vi. 86

Teos, public curses in, i. 45 n. 7

Tepehuanes of Mexico afraid of being photographed, iii. 97;

personal names kept secret among the, iii. 325;

their belief as to stepping over persons, iii. 424;

their custom of adding sticks or stones to heaps, ix. 10

Tephrosia, devil's shoestring, in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Termonde in Belgium, Midsummer fires at, x. 194

Terms of relationship used as terms of address, iii. 324 sq.

Ternate, in the Indian Archipelago, ii. 111;

the natives of, names of objects tabooed to them at sea, iii. 414;

the sultan of, his sacrifice of human victims to a volcano, v. 220

Tertullian on Christians worshipping each other, i. 407;

on the Etruscan crown, ii. 175 n. 1;

human sacrifices in the lifetime of, iv. 168;

on the fasts of Isis and Cybele, v. 302 n. 4;

on the date of the Crucifixion, v. 306 n. 5

Teshu Lama, the, ix. 203

—— Lumbo in Tibet, celebration of Tibetan New Year's Day at, ix. 203

Teshub or Teshup, name of Hittite god, v. 135 n., 148 n.

Teso, the, of Central Africa, medicine-men dressed as women among the, vi. 257;

their use of bells to exorcize fiends, ix. 246 sq.

Tessier, on the burning wheel at Konz, x. 164 n. 1

Test of the reincarnation of the Heavenly Master, i. 413;

of virginity by a flame, ii. 239 sq., x. 139 n.

See also Tests

Testicles of rams in the rites of Attis, v. 269 n.;

of bull used in rites of Cybele and Attis, v. 276;

of goats eaten by lecherous persons, viii. 142;

of brave enemy eaten, viii. 148

Tests of the reincarnation of Grand Lamas, i. 411;

of the reincarnation of the dead in the Niger Delta, i. 411 n. 1;

undergone by girls at puberty, x. 25.

See also Test

Têt, New Year festival in Annam, vi. 62

Tet pillar. See Ded pillar

Teti, king of Egypt, mentioned in the Pyramid Texts, vi. 5

Teton Indians, their attempt to deceive the ghosts of the spiders which they kill, viii. 236 sq.

Tettnang, in Würtemburg, the He-goat at threshing at, vii. 286

Tetzcatlipoca or Tezcatlipoca, great Mexican god, viii. 165, ix. 276;

man killed and eaten as the representative of, viii. 92 sq.;

young man annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 276 sqq.

Teucer, son of Aeacus, king in Cyprus, ii. 278

—— and Ajax, names of priestly kings of Olba, v. 144 sq., 148, 161

——, son of Tarkuaris, priestly king of Olba, v. 151, 157

——, son of Telamon, ii. 278;

founds Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145;

said to have instituted human sacrifice, v. 146

——, son of Zenophanes, high priest of Olbian Zeus, v. 151

Teucrids, dynasty at Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145

Teutates, Celtic god, xi. 80 n. 3

[pg 490]

Teutonic kings as priests, i. 47

—— peoples, bride race among the, ii. 303 sqq.

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 116 sqq.

—— thunder-god, ii. 364

—— year reckoned from October 1st, vi. 81

Texas, the Tonkawe Indians of, iii. 325;

the Toukaway Indians of, xi. 276

Tezcatlipoca. See Tetzcatlipoca

Tezcuco, statue of the god Xipe from, ix. 291 n. 1

Thahu, curse or pollution, among the Akikuyu, x. 81

Thakombau, Fijian chief, the War King, iii. 21;

family who enjoyed the privilege of scratching him, iii. 131

Thalavettiparothiam, custom observed in Malabar, a competition for the privilege of being decapitated after a five years' reign, iv. 52 sq.

Thales on spirits, ix. 104

Thamus, an Egyptian pilot, and the death of the Great Pan, iv. 6 sq.

Thanda Pulayans, in India, their notion as to the phosphorescence of the sea, ii. 155 n. 1

Thann, in Alsace, the Little May Rose at, ii. 74

Tharafah, on a custom of the heathen Arabs as to a boy's fallen tooth, i. 181

Thargelia, human scapegoats at the Greek festival of the, ix. 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 272, 273

Thargelion, Greek harvest month, i. 32, vi. 239 n. 1, viii. 8

Thatch of roof, children's cast teeth deposited in, i. 179;

burnt as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 53;

shorn hair hidden in, iii. 277

Thays of Indo-China, their offerings of first-fruits to their ancestors, viii. 121;

their worship of spirits, ix. 97 sq.;

their customs after a burial, xi. 177 sq.

Theal, G. McCall, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, vi. 176 sq.;

on fear of demons among the Bantu tribes of South Africa, ix. 77 sq.

Theban priests, in Egypt, their determination of the solar year, vi. 26

Thebes, the Boeotian, grave of Eteocles and Polynices at, ii. 33;

the women of, muffled their faces, iii. 122;

festival of the Laurel-bearing at, iv. 78 sq., 88 sq., vi. 241;

founded by Cadmus, iv. 88;

stone lion at, v. 184 n. 3;

grave of Dionysus at, vii. 14;

Dionysus torn to pieces at, vii. 14, 25;

the Thesmophoria at, viii. 17 n. 2;

effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 130 sq.

Thebes in Egypt, temple of the sun-god at, i. 67 sq.;

the human consort of Ammon at, ii. 130 sq.;

priestly dynasty at, ii. 134;

high priests of Ammon at, ii. 134;

priestly kings of, iii. 13;

temple of Ammon at, v. 72;

the Memnonium at, vi. 35 n.;

the Valley of the Kings at, vi. 90;

annual sacrifice of ram to Ammon at, viii. 41, 172

Theckydaw, annual expulsion of demons in Tonquin, ix. 147 sq.

Theddora tribe of South-East Australia ate the hands and feet of their foes, viii. 151

Theebaw, king of Burma, his relations beaten to death, iii. 242

Theias, a Syrian king, father of Adonis, v. 43 n. 4, 55 n. 4

Theism late in human history, vi. 41

Then, spirits, among the Thay of Indo-China, ix. 97

Thensae, sacred cars at the Circensian games in Rome, ii. 175 n. 1

Theocracies in America, iii. 6

Theocracy, government by human gods, i. 386;

in the Pelew Islands, tendency to, vi. 208

Theocritus, witch in, i. 206;

on an image of Demeter, vii. 43;

on the harvest-home in Cos, vii. 46 sq.

Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, his denunciation of a heathen practice, xi. 190 sq.

Theodosius and Honorius, decree of, against the burning of effigies of Haman by the Jews, ix. 392

Theogamy, divine marriage, ii. 121

Theology distinguished from religion, i. 223;

the gods at first mortal in Brahman, i. 373 n. 1;

vague thought of a crude, iii. 3 n.;

cruel ritual diluted into a nebulous, ix. 411

Theophrastus, on the woods of Latium, ii. 188;

on the woods used by the Greeks in kindling fire, ii. 251;

on the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ii. 314 n. 2;

on the flowering of squills, vii. 53 n. 1;

on the custom of ploughing the land thrice, vii. 73 n. 1;

on the different kinds of mistletoe, xi. 317

Theopompus, on sexual communism among the Etruscans, ii. 207;

wins prize of eloquence at Halicarnassus, iv. 95;

on the names of the seasons, vi. 41

Theory of sacrifice, the Brahmanical, ix. 410 sq.;

solar theory of the European fire-festivals, x. 329, 331 sqq.;

purificatory theory of the European fire-festivals, x. 329 sq., 341 sqq.

Thera, worship of the Mother of the Gods in, v. 280 n. 1

[pg 491]

Therapia, near Constantinople, effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 131

Thermopylae, the Spartans at, v. 197 n. 1;

the hot springs of, v. 210 sqq.

Theseus offers his hair to Apollo at Delphi, i. 28

—— and Ariadne, iv. 75

—— and Hippolytus, i. 19

Thesmophoria, ancient Greek festival celebrated by women in October, viii. 17 sqq.;

release of prisoners at the, iii. 316;

chastity of women at the, v. 43 n. 4, vii. 116;

sacrifice of cakes and pigs to serpents at the, v. 88, viii. 17 sq.;

pine-cones at the, v. 278;

fast of the women at the, vi. 40 sq.;

seeds of pomegranates not eaten at the, vii. 14;

indecencies at the, vii. 63;

descent and ascent of Persephone at the, viii. 17;

its analogy with folk-customs of Northern Europe, viii. 20 sq.

Thessalian witch, her love-charm, iii. 270;

consulted by Sextus Pompeius, iii. 390

Thessalians, their festival of the Peloria, resembling the Saturnalia, ix. 350

Thessaly, kings of, i. 47 n.;

rain-making among the Greeks of, i. 272 sq.;

Crannon in, i. 309

Thetis and her infant son, how she tried to make him immortal by fire, v. 180

Thevet, F. A., on the importance of medicine-men among the Indians of Brazil, i. 358 sq.

Thief wears a toad's heart to escape detection, x. 302 n. 2.

See also Thieves

Thief's charm among the South Slavs, i. 153;

garments beaten instead of thief, i. 206 sq.;

name boiled, iii. 331

Thiers, J. B., on the Yule log, x. 250;

on gathering herbs at Midsummer, xi. 45 n. 1;

on belief concerning wormwood, xi. 61 n. 1

Thieves, transmigration of souls of, into animals, viii. 299;

detected by divining-rod, xi. 68

Thieves' candles, i. 148, 149, 236

Thigh, sinew of the, customs and myths as to, viii. 264 sqq.

Thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, x. 296 n. 1

Things, homoeopathic magic of inanimate, i. 157 sqq.;

tabooed, iii. 224 sqq.

Thinis, in Egypt, the mummy of Anhouri at, iv. 4 sq.

Thiodolf, the poet, on King Aun's sacrifice of his sons at Upsala, iv. 161

Third marriage regarded as unlucky, ii. 57 n. 4

Thirst, transference of, in ancient Hindoo ritual, ix. 38

Thirty years, the Sed festival held nominally at intervals of, vi. 151

—— years' cycle of the Druids, xi. 77

—— Years' War, plague during the, ix. 64

Thistles, as a charm to keep off witches, ii. 339, 340

Thlinkeet or Tlingit Indians, the, viii. 253;

think that stormy weather may be caused by combing hair, iii. 271.

See Tlingit

—— shamans, their use of the tongues of otters and eagles, viii. 270

Thomas, N. W., as to the doctrine of souls among the Angass, xi. 210 n. 2

Thomas, W. E., on human god of the Makalakas, i. 394 n. 3

Thomas the Rhymer, verses ascribed to, on the mistletoe at Errol, xi. 283 sq.

Thompson Indians of British Columbia, ceremonies performed by girls at puberty among the, i. 70;

dances of women during absence of warriors among the, i. 132 sq.;

their custom as to children's cast teeth, i. 181;

their treatment of the navel-string, i. 197;

their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212;

their way of stopping rain, i. 253;

their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 264 sq.;

their belief as to the loon and rain, i. 288;

their superstition as to killing a frog, i. 293;

their reverence for sunflower roots, ii. 13;

the fire-drill of the, ii. 208;

their custom of not sleeping the night after a death, iii. 37 sq.;

recovery of lost souls by shamans among the, iii. 57 sq.;

think that the setting sun draws away men's souls, iii. 65;

their fear of witchcraft at meals, iii. 117;

customs of mourners among the, iii. 142 sq.;

their custom after killing an enemy, iii. 181;

their continence and other observances before hunting, iii. 198;

their disposal of their loose hair, iii. 278 sq.;

burned their nail-parings for fear of witchcraft, iii. 282;

their children may not name the coyote in winter, iii. 399;

their ceremonies before eating the first berries or roots of the season, viii. 81 sq.;

offered first berries of season to the earth or the mountains, viii. 133 sq.;

will not eat the fool-hen lest they grow foolish, viii. 140;

their belief in the assimilation of men to their guardian animals, viii. 207;

their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226;

their superstitions in regard to killing deer, viii. 242;

custom observed by man whose daughter has just reached puberty among the, viii. 268;

their charms [pg 492] against ghosts, ix. 154 n.;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 49 sqq.;

their dread of menstruous women, x. 89 sq.;

prayer of adolescent girl among the, x. 98 n. 1;

supposed invulnerability of initiated men among the, xi. 275 sq.;

their ideas as to wood of trees struck by lightning, xi. 297

Thomsdorf, in Germany, story of an immortal girl told at, x. 99

Thomson, Basil, on circumcision in Fiji, xi. 244 n. 1;

on the Nanga in Fiji, xi. 244 n. 2

Thomson, Joseph, on the fear of photography among the Wa-teita, iii. 98

Thonga, Bantu tribe of South Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82;

their presentation of infants to the moon, vi. 144 sq.;

worship of the dead among the, vi. 180 sq.;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 29 sq.;

will not use the wood of trees struck by lightning, xi. 297;

think lightning caused by a bird, xi. 297 n. 5.

See also Ba-Thonga

Thonga chiefs buried secretly, vi. 104 sq.

Thongs, legends as to new settlements enclosed by, vi. 249 sq.

Thor, the Norse thunder god, equivalent to the Teutonic Donar or Thunar, ii. 364;

his hammers, i. 248 n. 1;

fought for Balder, x. 103

Thorn, external soul in a, xi. 129;

mistletoe on a, xi. 291 n. 3

Thorn-bushes as charms against witches, ii. 338;

to keep off ghosts, iii. 142, xi. 174 sq.

Thorns, wreaths of, hung up as a sign to warn off strangers, ix. 140

Thorny branches used to keep out witches, ix. 161

—— shrubs, a protection against witches, ii. 338

Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom, at the marriage of the Queen of Egypt to Ammon, ii. 131;

how he added five days to the Egyptian year, vi. 6;

teaches Isis a spell to restore the dead to life, vi. 8;

restores the eye of Horus, vi. 17;

how he outwitted the Sun-god Ra, ix. 341

Thoth, the first month of the Egyptian year, vi. 36, 93 sqq.

Thothmes I., king of Egypt, the god Ammon in the likeness of, ii. 131, 132

—— IV., king of Egypt, the god Ammon in the likeness of, ii. 131, 132

Thought, the web of, xi. 307 sq.

Thrace, the Edonians of, i. 366;

the grave of Ares in, iv. 4;

worship of Dionysus in, vii. 3;

the Bacchanals of, vii. 17;

modern Carnival customs in, vii. 25 sqq., viii. 331 sqq.;

Abdera in, ix. 254

Thracian gods ruddy and blue-eyed, iii. 387

—— villages, custom at Carnival in, vi. 99 sq.

Thracians threatened the thunder-god, ii. 183 n. 2;

funeral games held by the, iv. 96;

their contempt of death, iv. 142

Thrashing people to do them good, ix. 262 sqq.

See also Beating and Whipping

Thread, red, in popular cure, ix. 55

—— or string used to tie soul to body, iii. 32 sq., 43, 51

Threads hung on trees, ii. 34;

knotted, in magic, iii. 303, 304 sq., 307;

used to transfer illnesses to trees, ix. 55

——, red, tied to cattle as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 336

Threatening the thunder god, ii. 183 n. 2

—— the spirits of fruit-trees, ii. 20 sqq., x. 114

Three days, taboos observed for, at bringing home the Soul of the Rice, vii. 198 sq.

—— Holy Kings, the divining-rod baptized in the name of the, xi. 68

—— Kings on Twelfth Day, ix. 329 sqq.

—— knots in magic, iii. 304, 305

—— leaps over bonfire, x. 214, 215

—— years, chief killed at end of reign of, iv. 113.

See also Thrice

Thresher tied up in last sheaf, vii. 134, 147, 148;

of last sheaf treated as an animal, vii. 271

—— of the last corn called the Corn-pug, vii. 273;

called Goat or Oats-goat, vii. 286;

called the Cow, vii. 291;

called the Bull, vii. 291;

called the Sow, vii. 298, 299;

disguised as a wolf, viii. 327

Threshers, contests between, vii. 147 sqq., 218, 219 sq., 221 sq., 223 sq., 253;

pretend to throttle or thresh people on threshing-floor, vii. 149 sq., 230;

tied in straw and thrown into water, vii. 224 sq.

Thresher-cow, name given to man who threshes the last corn, in the Canton of Zurich, vii. 291

Threshing, customs at, vii. 134, 147 sqq., 203, 221 sq., 223, 223 sq., 225 sq., 230, 271, 273, 274 sq., 277, 281, 286 sq., 290 sqq., 297, 298 sq.;

contests in, vii. 218 sqq.;

corn-spirit killed at, vii. 291 sq.

—— in Attica, date of, viii. 4

—— in Greece, date of, vii. 62

[pg 493]

Threshing-dog, name given to man who gives the last stroke with the flail, vii. 271

—— -floor, stalks of corn knotted as a charm on a, iii. 308 sq.;

Demeter associated with the, vii. 41 sq., 43, 47, 61 sq., 63, 64 sq.;

the festival of the, at Eleusis, vii. 60 sqq.;

of Triptolemus at Eleusis, vii. 61, 72, 75;

strangers treated as embodiments of the corn-spirit on the, vii. 230;

sanctity of the, viii. 110 n. 4

Threshing corn by oxen, vi. 45

Threshold, shells on, i. 158;

the caul (chorion) buried under the, i. 200;

personal relics buried by witch under the, i. 206 n. 4;

guarded against witches on Walpurgis Night by flowers, sods, and thorny branches, ii. 52, 54, 55, ix. 163;

protected against witches on Walpurgis Night by knives, ii. 55, ix. 162;

cut hair buried under the, iii. 276 sq.;

burial of infants under the, v. 93 sq.;

nail knocked into, to prevent death entering, ix. 63 n. 4;

shavings from the, burnt, xi. 53

Thrice, custom of spitting thrice to avert evil, iv. 63;

Greek custom of ploughing land thrice, vii. 72 sq.;

to crawl thrice under a bramble as a cure, xi. 180;

to pass thrice through a wreath of woodbine, xi. 184

—— born, said of Brahmans, i. 381

Thrice-ploughed field, Plutus begotten on a, vii. 208

Throne, sanctity of the king's, i. 365;

reverence for the, iv. 51

Throttling, a punishment for incest, ii. 110;

farmer's wife at threshing, pretence of, vii. 150;

strangers at threshing, pretence of, vii. 230

Throwing of sticks or stones interpreted as an offering or token of respect, ix. 20 sqq., 25 sqq.;

as a mode of riddance of evil, ix. 23 sqq.;

or striking blindfold, xi. 279 n. 4

Thrumalun, a mythical being in Australia who kills and resuscitates novices at initiation, xi. 233.

See also Daramulun and Thuremlin

Thrushes deposit seeds of mistletoe, xi. 316 n. 1

Thucydides on military music, v. 196 n. 3;

on the sailing of the fleet for Syracuse, v. 226 n. 4

Θύειν distinguished from ἐναγίζειν, v. 316 n. 1

Thule, ceremony in Thule at the annual reappearance of the sun, ix. 125 n. 1

Thumbs snapped to prevent the departure of the soul, iii. 31;

of dead enemies cut off, viii. 272

Thunar or Donar, the German thunder god, ii. 364

Thunder, imitation of, in a Russian rain-charm, i. 248;

kings expected to make, ii. 180 sq.;

thought to be the roll of the drums of the dead, ii. 183;

rain, sky, and oak, god of the, ii. 349 sq.;

Esthonian prayer to, ii. 367 sq.;

expiation for hearing, iii. 14;

the first heard in spring, offering of grain to guardian ancestral spirit at, viii. 121;

the first peal heard in spring, peas cooked and eaten at, ix. 144;

demon of, exorcized by bells, ix. 246 sq.;

associated with the oak, x. 145;

Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176;

charred sticks of Midsummer bonfire a protection against, x. 184, 192;

ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 190;

brands from the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 191;

certain flowers at Midsummer a protection against, xi. 54, 58, 59;

the sound of bull-roarers thought to imitate, xi. 228 sqq.

See also Lightning

—— and lightning, imitation of, in rain-making ceremonies, i. 248, 309 sq.;

sacrifices to, v. 157; the Syrian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite god of, v. 163 sq.;

the Yule log, a protection against, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264;

bonfires a protection against, x. 344;

smoke of Midsummer herbs a protection against, xi. 48;

vervain a protection against, xi. 62;

name given to bull-roarers, xi. 231 sq.

—— and oak, the Aryan god of the, ii. 356 sqq., x. 265

Thunder-beings, among the Teton Indians, viii. 237

“—— -besom,” name applied to mistletoe and other bushy excrescences on trees, xi. 85, 301;

a protection against thunderbolts, xi. 85

—— -bird in rain-making, i. 309;

the mythical, painted on screens behind which girls at puberty hide, x. 44

—— god, threatening the, ii. 183 n. 2;

black victims sacrificed for rain to the, ii. 367;

conceived as a deity of fertility, ii. 368 sqq.;

of the Hittites, with a bull and an axe as his emblems, v. 134 sqq.

“—— -poles,” oak-sticks charred in Easter bonfires, x. 145

—— totem, in the Mungarai tribe of Northern Australia, v. 101

Thunderbolt as emblem of the Hittite [pg 494] thunder-god, v. 134, 136;

as emblem of the Syrian, Babylonian, and Assyrian thunder-god, v. 163

Thunderbolt and ears of corn, emblem of the Syrian god Hadad, v. 163

—— of Indra, i. 269

—— Zeus, surnamed the, worshipped at Olympia and elsewhere, ii. 361

Thunderbolts, kings killed by, ii. 181;

flint implements regarded as, ii. 374;

prehistoric celts called thunderbolts, x. 14 sq.

Thunderstorms, death or disappearance of Roman kings in, ii. 181 sqq.;

thought to be caused by the spirits of the dead, ii. 183, 183 n. 2;

caused by cut hair, ii. 271, 282;

caused by hair-cutting, iii. 265;

and hail caused by witches, x. 344;

Midsummer flowers a protection against, xi. 48

Thuremlin, a mythical being who kills lads at initiation and restores them to life, xi. 227.

See also Daramulun

Thurgau, the Canton of, man who cuts the last corn called the Corn-goat at harvest in, vii. 283;

last sheaf called Cow in, vii. 289;

man who threshes the last corn called the Corn-bull in, vii. 291

Thüringen (Thuringia), homoeopathic magic at sowing flax in, i. 136;

the Little Leaf Man in, ii. 80 sq.;

May King at Whitsuntide in, ii. 84 sq.;

wolves not to be named between Christmas and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396;

Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 208;

Carrying out Death in, iv. 235 sq.;

the Old Corn-woman at threshing in, vii. 147, 276, 290, 291;

custom at threshing in, vii. 222;

the mythical Rush-cutter (Binsenschneider) in, vii. 230 n. 5;

the Little Wood-woman at harvest in, vii. 232;

last sheaf called the Harvest-cock at Wünchensuhl in, vii. 276;

man who gives the last stroke at threshing called the Cow at Wurmlingen in, vii. 290;

treatment of farmer who is last at threshing at Herbrechtingen in, vii. 291;

saying as to the wind in the corn in, vii. 298;

expulsion of witches in, ix. 160;

Halberstadt in, ix. 214;

custom of beating people on Holy Innocents' Day in, ix. 271.

See also Thuringia

Thuringia (Thüringen), custom at eclipses in, x. 162 n.;

Midsummer fires in, x. 169, xi. 40;

Schweina in, x. 265;

belief as to magical properties of the fern in, xi. 66 sq.

See Thüringen

Thurn, Sir E. F. im, on the objection of the Indians of Guiana to tell their names, iii. 324 sq.;

on Indian want of discrimination between animals and men, viii. 204;

on the fear of demons among the Indians of Guiana, ix. 78

Thursday, Thunar's Day, ii. 364;

Maundy, church bells silenced on, x. 125 n. 1

Thurso, witches as cats at, x. 317

Thurston, Edgar, on votive images of the Kusavans, i. 56 n. 3;

on dancing-girls in India, v. 62;

on the transference of sins to a buffalo calf among the Badagas, ix. 36 sq.;

on the fire-walk of the Badagas, xi. 9

Thyatira, hero Tyrimnus at, v. 183 n.

Thyestes and Atreus claimed the throne of Mycenae in virtue of a golden lamb, i. 365

Thyiads, college of women at Delphi, devoted to worship of Bacchus, i. 46

Thymbria, sanctuary of Charon at, v. 205

Thyme burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213;

wild, gathered on Midsummer Day, xi. 64

Tiaha, Arab tribe of Moab, shave the prisoners whom they release, iii. 273

Tiamat, dragon, embodiment of the watery chaos, mythical Babylonian monster, iv. 105, 108, ix. 410

—— and Marduk, iv. 105 sq., 107 sq.

Tiber, grove of Dia on the, ii. 122;

puppets annually thrown from the Sublician bridge into the, viii. 107;

in flood, ix. 65

Tiberius, the Emperor, refused the oak crown, ii. 177 n. 2;

dedicated a chapel to the Julii at Bovillae, ii. 180 n.;

his inquiries as to the death of Pan, iv. 7;

his attempt to put down Carthaginian sacrifices of children, iv. 168;

persecuted the Egyptian religion, vi. 95 n. 1

Tibet, the Grand Lamas of, i. 411 sq.;

incarnate human gods in, i. 413;

vicarious use of images to save sick people in, viii. 103;

heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12;

prayers at cairns in, ix. 29;

demonolatry in, ix. 94;

human scapegoats in, ix. 218 sqq.;

sixty years' cycle in, xi. 78 n.

Tibetan New Year, ceremonies at the, ix. 197 sq., 203, 218 sqq.

Tibetans put effigies at doors of houses to deceive demons, viii. 96 sq.

Tibullus on the rising of Sirius, vi. 34 n. 1

Tibur, Vestals at, i. 13 sq.

Ticunas of the Amazon, ordeal of young men among the, x. 62 sq.

—— of Brazil tear out the hair of girls at puberty, iii. 282

Tide, Cimbrians take arms against the, i. 331 n. 3

Tides, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166 sqq.

[pg 495]

Tidore, i. 125

Tiegenhof, in Prussia, custom of reapers at binding the corn near, vii. 137

Tiele, C. P., on the deification of Egyptian kings, i. 419 sq.;

on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140 n. 1;

on the death of Saracus, vi. 174 n. 2;

on Isis, vi. 115;

on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 n. 2

Tien-tai Mountains, in China, voluntary deaths of Buddhist monks on the, iv. 42

Tiengum-Mana, a tribe of New Guinea, their mode of making fire, ii. 254

Tifata, Mount, the oak woods of, ii. 280;

temple of Diana on, ii. 280

Tiger, gall-bladder of tiger eaten to make eater brave, viii. 145 sq.

——, a Batta totem, xi. 223

Tiger clan, in Mandeling, viii. 216;

members of, pay honour to dead tigers, viii. 293

—— -spirits expelled in a raft, ix. 199

Tiger's flesh eaten to make eater brave, viii. 145

—— ghost, deceiving a, vi. 263, viii. 155 n. 4;

appeasing a, viii. 293

—— skin at inauguration of a king, x. 4

Tigers not called by their proper names, iii. 401, 402, 403 sq., 408, 411, 415;

called dogs for euphemism, iii. 402;

called jackals for euphemism, iii. 402, 403;

souls of the dead transmigrate into, iv. 85, viii. 293;

ceremonies at killing, viii. 155 n. 5, 215, 216 sq.;

respected in Sumatra, viii. 215 sq.;

kinship of men with, viii. 216

Tiglath-Pileser III., king of Assyria, v. 14, 16, 163 n. 3

Tigre-speaking tribes to the north of Abyssinia, their fear to fell fruit-trees, ii. 19

Tii, Egyptian queen, mother of Amenophis IV., vi. 123 n. 1

Tikopia, island of, epidemic sickness sent away in a small canoe from, ix. 189

Tille, A., on beginning of the Teutonic winter, vi. 81 n. 3

Tilling the earth treated as a crime, viii. 57

Tillot, canton of, in Lothringen, “killing the Old Woman” at threshing in the, vii. 223

Tilsit district, the last sheaf left for the Old Rye-woman in the, vii. 232

Tilton, E. L., on burning the Carnival at Pylos, iv. 232 sq.

Timber used in house-building, homoeopathic magic of, i. 146;

of houses, tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. 39 sq.;

not to be cut while the corn is green, ii. 49;

felled in the waning of the moon, vi. 133, 135 sq., 137

Timbo, in French Guinea, dances at sowing at, ix. 235

Time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning intervals of, iv. 59;

personification of periods of time too abstract to be primitive, ix. 230

Timekeepers, natural, vii. 53

Timmes, the, of Sierra Leone beat their kings before their coronation, iii. 18;

their secret society, xi. 260 n. 1

Timoleon, funeral games at Syracuse in his honour, iv. 94

Timor, island of, telepathy of high-priest of, in war, i. 128 sq.;

treatment of the placenta in, i. 190;

the marriage of the Sun and Earth deemed the source of all fertility in, ii. 99 n. 1;

sacrifice to crocodiles in, ii. 152;

fetish or taboo rajah in, iii. 24;

speaker holds his hand before his mouth in, iii. 122;

customs as to war in, iii. 165 sq.;

theory of earthquakes in, v. 197;

burial of woman who has died in childbed in, viii. 98;

kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212;

transference of fatigue to leaves in, ix. 8;

belief in the spirits of the dead in, ix. 85.

See also Timorese

Timor fecit deos, ix. 93

Timorese, their sacrifices for rain and sunshine, i. 291

Timorlaut Islands, treatment of the after-birth in the, i. 186;

married men may not poll their hair in the, iii. 260;

first-fruits offered to spirits of ancestors in the, viii. 123;

mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in the, viii. 163;

dead turtles propitiated by fishermen in the, viii. 244;

the tug-of-war in the, ix. 176;

demons of sicknesses expelled in a proa from the, ix. 185 sq.

Timotheus on the death of Attis, v. 264 n. 4

Tin-egin, forced fire (need-fire) among the Highlanders of Scotland, ii. 238

Tin ore, Malay superstitions as to, iii. 407

Tinchebray in Normandy, ix. 183

Tinguianes of the Philippines reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353

Tinneh or Déné Indians, the power of medicine-men among the, i. 357;

recall of lost souls among the, iii. 45;

taboos observed by those who have handled a corpse among the, iii. 143;

their fear and avoidance of menstruous women, iii. 145 sq., x. 91 sqq.;

their refusal to taste blood, iii. 240 sq.;

their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65;

their [pg 496] magical ceremony to procure game, iv. 278;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 47 sqq.

Tinneh Indians of Alaska, their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220

—— Indians of North-West America, ceremonies observed by them before eating the first wild berries or roots of the season, viii. 80 sq.

Tinnevelly, the Kappiliyans of, x. 69

Tipperary, county of, were-wolves in, x. 310 n. 1;

woman burnt as a witch in, x. 323 sq.

Tiraspol, in Russia, collective suicide in, iv. 45 n. 1

Tiree, Hebridean island, vii. 140;

the need-fire in, x. 148;

the Beltane cake in, x. 149;

witch as sheep in, x. 316

Tiru-kalli-kundram, dancing-girls at, v. 61

Tirunavayi temple, near Calicut, attack on the King of Calicut every twelfth year at the, iv. 49 sq.

Titane, shrine of Aesculapius at, v. 81

Titans attack and kill Dionysus, vii. 12 sq., 17, 32

Tithe-offering dedicated to Apollo, iv. 187 n. 5

Tithorea, festivals of Isis at, viii. 18 n. 1

Titicaca, Lake, thunder-god of the Indians about, ii. 370

Tivor, god or victim, in Norse, x. 103 n.

Tiyans of Malabar, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 68 sq.

Tjingilli tribe of Central Australia, their cure for headache, ix. 2

——, the, of Northern Australia, their way of making rain by means of a bandicoot, i. 288

Tjumba, island of, harvest festival in the, viii. 122

Tlacaxipeualiztli, “The Flaying of Men,” a Mexican festival, ix. 296

Tlacopan, city of Mexico, idol of paste eaten as a sacred food in, viii. 91

Tlactga or Tlachtga in Ireland, pagan cemetery at, iv. 101;

new fire annually kindled on Hallowe'en at, x. 139

Tlaloc, the Mexican water-god, girls drowned in his honour, ii. 158 sq.;

Mexican god of thunder and rain, vii. 237;

temple of, in Mexico, ix. 284, 292

Tlaxcallan in Mexico, the goddess Xochiquetzal worshipped at, vii. 237

Tlemcen, in Algeria, rain-making at, i. 250 sq.;

orgies of the Aïsawa order at, vii. 22 n. 1;

fowl used to divert jinn from pregnant women at, ix. 31

Tlingit (Thlinkeet) Indians of Alaska, their respectful treatment of the first halibut of the season, viii. 253;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 45 sq.

See also Thlinkeet

Tlokoala, a secret society of the Nootka Indians, xi. 271

Tmolus, Mount, the Birthplace of Rainy Zeus on, ii. 360

Toad in charm to avert a storm, i. 325;

soul in form of, iii. 42 n.;

figure of, at bear-feasts of the Gilyaks, viii. 193, 194;

soul of dead man in a, viii. 291;

as scapegoat, ix. 135, 193, 206 sq.;

witch in form of a, x. 323.

See also Toads

Toad clan among the Carrier Indians, xi. 273

—— -stools thrown into Midsummer bonfires as a charm, x. 172

Toad's heart worn by a thief to prevent detection, x. 302 n. 2

Toads in relation to rain, i. 292, 292 n. 3;

burnt alive in Devonshire, x. 302

Toaripi or Motumotu, of New Guinea, magical telepathy among the, i. 125;

sorcerers regarded as chiefs among the, i. 337 sq.;

their rule as to menstruous women, x. 84.

See Motumotu

Toba, Lake, in Sumatra, prince worshipped as a deity on the shore of, i. 398

Tobacco thrown on troubled water, i. 321;

smoke, priest inspired by, i. 384;

used as an emetic, viii. 73;

first of season, ceremony at smoking, viii. 82

Tobarrath-Bhuathaig, a magical well in the island of Gigha, i. 323

Tobas, Indian tribe of the Gran Chaco, their custom of secluding girls at puberty, x. 59

Tobelorese of Halmahera, their rites of initiation, xi. 248

Tobolbel, custom of putting chiefs to death in the Pelew Islands, vi. 266

Toboongkoo (Toboengkoe), the, of Central Celebes, their treatment of the afterbirth, i. 189;

careful not to frighten away the spirit of the rice, ii. 28;

their offerings to tree-spirits before felling timber, ii. 35;

their recall of lost souls, iii. 48;

forbid children to play with their shadows, iii. 78;

mock human sacrifices among the, iv. 219;

riddles among the, ix. 122 n.;

custom observed by widower among the, xi. 178 sq.

Tocandeira, native name for the Cryptocerus atratus, F., ant, used by the Mauhes to sting boys as an ordeal, x. 62

Tocantins River, the Chavantes Indians on the, iv. 12 n. 5

[pg 497]

Toci, Mexican goddess, sacrifice of woman in the costume and ornaments of, ix. 289 sqq.

Tod, J., on rites of goddess Gouri, v. 241 sq.

Todas, a tribe of Southern India, offer silver images of buffaloes, i. 56;

confusion of magic with religion among the, i. 230 n.;

divine milkmen of the, i. 402 sq., iii. 15 sqq.;

magic and medicine among the, i. 421 n. 1;

hide their clipped hair and nails, iii. 271;

names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 337 sq.;

reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;

custom as to the pollution of death observed by sacred dairyman among the, vi. 228;

their sacrament of buffalo's flesh, viii. 314;

let loose a calf at a funeral, ix. 37;

their ceremony of the new fire, x. 136

Todtenstein, hill at Königshain in Silesia, ceremony of driving out Death at, iv. 264

Toepffer, J., on Triptolemus, vii. 73

Toeratayas, or Toradjas, of Celebes, vii. 196 n.

See Toradjas

Tofoke, the, of the Congo State, woman's share in agriculture among, vii. 119

Togo, in West Africa, wind-fetish in, i. 327;

the Bassari of, ii. 102 n. 1;

Mount Agu in, iii. 5

Togoland, the Hos of, i. 265, 365, ii. 19, iii. 259, 301, 304, vi. 104, vii. 130, 234, viii. 59, 115 sq., ix. 134, 206;

the Matse of, ii. 293, viii. 115, ix. 3;

festival of Earth in, iii. 247;

magic modes of facilitating childbirth in, iii. 295;

the Ewe-speaking peoples of, iii. 369, v. 282 n. 2, viii. 105, 228;

the Yewe religious order in, iii. 383 sq.;

the Bassari of, viii. 116;

ceremony performed by Ewe hunters in, viii. 244;

the negroes of, their remedy for influenza, ix. 193

Toh Sri Lam, a crocodile goddess among the Malays, offerings and prayers to, viii. 212

Tokio, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 213;

the fire-walk in temple at, xi. 9 sq.

Tokoelawi of Central Celebes, custom observed by mourners among the, xi. 178

Tolalaki, the, of Central Celebes, their treatment of the afterbirth, i. 188 sq.;

their punishment of incest, ii. 111;

drink blood of foes to make themselves brave, viii. 152

Tolampoos, the, of Central Celebes, their belief as to written names, iii. 319

Toledo, Elipandus of, i. 407

Tolindoos of Central Celebes, offence to tread on a man's shadow among the, iii. 78

Tolucan, Mount, in Mexico, human sacrifices offered to the water-god on, ii. 158 sq.

Tomas or Habes, a tribe of Nigeria, revere a fetish doctor, iii. 124

Tomb of chief, sacrifices at, viii. 113

—— of Hyacinth, v. 314

—— of Midas, v. 286

—— of Moses, ix. 21

—— of Osiris, vi. 18 sq., 20 sqq.

Tombs of the ancient kings of Egypt, vi. 19;

of the kings of Uganda, vi. 168 sq.;

of kings sacred, vi. 194 sq.

Tomil, village in Yap, taboos observed by men for the sake of girls under puberty at, iii. 293

Tomori, the, of Central Celebes, their treatment of the afterbirth, i. 189;

feed the ripening rice, ii. 29;

their ceremonies at felling a tree, ii. 35;

their punishment and expiation of incest, ii. 110 sq.;

use a special vocabulary when at work in the fields, vii. 193;

their customs as to the Rice-mother, vii. 193;

their use of riddles at harvest, vii. 194;

their conception of rice-spirits as shaped like goats, vii. 288

——, the Gulf of, in Celebes, x. 312

Tonan, Mexican goddess, ix. 287;

woman sacrificed in the character of, ix. 287 sq.

Tonapoo, the, of Central Celebes, offer human sacrifices on roofs of new houses, ii. 39

Tondi, Batta word for soul, iii. 35, 116, vii. 182.

See also Tendi

Tonga, chiefs of, thought to heal scrofula and indurated liver by their touch, i. 371;

special vocabularies employed with reference to divine chiefs in, i. 402 n.;

veneration paid to divine chiefs in, iii. 21;

the taboo of chiefs and kings in, iii. 133 sq.;

chiefs not to touch food with tabooed hands in, iii. 138 n. 1;

tabooed persons not allowed to handle food in, iii. 140;

taboos connected with the dead in, iii. 140;

circumcision practised in, iv. 220;

ceremony performed after contact with a sacred chief in, viii. 28;

offerings of first-fruits in, viii. 128 sqq.

See also Tongans

——, the king of, not to be seen eating, iii. 119;

no one allowed to be over his head, iii. 255

Tongans, their theory of an earthquake, v. 200 sq.

Tongue of dead king eaten by his successor, iv. 203;

of sacrificial ox cut [pg 498] out, vi. 251 sq.;

of medicine-man, hole in, xi. 238, 239.

See also Tongues

Tongues of birds eaten, viii. 147;

of slain men eaten, viii. 153;

of dead animals cut out, viii. 269 sqq.;

of animals worn as amulets, viii. 270

Tonkawe Indians of Texas, their superstition as to personal names, iii. 325 sq.

Tonocotes. See Lules

Tonquin, image of Buddha whipped in time of drought in, i. 297 n. 7;

guardian spirits of villages in, i. 401 sq.;

division of monarchy in, iii. 19 sq.;

royal criminals strangled in, iii. 242;

the tiger spoken of respectfully in, iii. 403;

annual festival of the dead in, vi. 62;

livers of brave men eaten in, as a means of acquiring bravery, viii. 151 sq.;

demon of sickness expelled in, ix. 119;

annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 147 sq.;

the Thays of, their burial customs, xi. 177 sq.

See also Tonquinese

——, kings of, blamed for drought, dearth, floods, storms, cholera, etc., i. 355;

screened from public gaze, iii. 125

Tonquinese, their test of a sacrificial victim, i. 384 sq.;

their custom of catching the soul of the dying, iv. 200

Tonsure, the clerical, viii. 105 n. 1

Tonwan, magical influence of medicine-bag, xi. 268, 269

Tooitonga, divine chief of Tonga, iii. 21, viii. 128, 129, 130, 131, 140

Toorateyas of Southern Celebes hold their princes responsible for the rice-crop, i. 361

Tooth knocked out as initiatory rite, iii. 244, xi. 227, 235;

of dead king kept, iv. 203.

See also Teeth

Toothache, tooth of an ounce a homoeopathic remedy for, i. 153;

transferred to enemies, ix. 6;

transferred to a frog, ix. 50;

transferred to trees, ix. 57, 58, 59 sq.;

nailed into a door or a wall, ix. 62, 63;

cured by sticking needles into a willow, ix. 71

Töpffer, J., on the Eudanemi at Athens, i. 325 n. 1

Tophet, at Jerusalem, children burnt in sacrifice in, iv. 169, 170, 171, v. 177

Töppen, M., on the Lithuanian god Perkunas, ii. 365 n. 5

Tops spun at sowing festival, vii. 95, 97, 187

Toradjas, meaning of the name, i. 109 n. 1;

their mode of annulling an evil omen, i. 170;

employ a special language in passing through a forest, iii. 412 sq.

—— of Central Celebes, their magical use of jawbones, i. 109;

their rule not to loiter in the doorway of a pregnant woman, i. 114;

telepathy in war among the, i. 129;

their use of iron in homoeopathic magic, i. 159;

their rain-making, i. 253;

customs observed by the rain-doctor among the, i. 271 sq.;

their rain-making by means of the dead, i. 286;

their way of making rain by an appeal to the pity of the gods, i. 303;

their sacrifice at building a new house, ii. 39;

use the incest of animals as a rain-charm, ii. 113;

rules observed by them on entering an enemy's country, iii. 111;

their custom as to cutting a child's hair, iii. 263;

names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 340;

disinter the bones of the dead at a festival, iii. 373 n.;

their field-speech, iii. 411 sqq.;

their theory of rain, vi. 33;

their conception of the rice-soul as a blue bird, vii. 182 n. 1, 295 sq.;

attribute souls to men, animals, and rice, vii. 183;

their customs as to the Mother of the Rice, vii. 194 sq.;

their offerings to the souls of the dead at planting a new field, vii. 228;

their custom at circumcision, viii. 153;

cure for kleptomania among the, ix. 34;

hide themselves from the demon of smallpox, ix. 112 n. 2;

their cure by beating, ix. 265;

were-wolves among the, x. 311 sq.;

their custom at the smelting of iron, xi. 154

Toradjas of Poso, in Central Celebes, recovery of souls abducted by demons among the, iii. 62;

use a secret language in the harvest-field, iii. 411 sq.;

ask each other riddles while they watch the crops in the field, vii. 194

Torch-bearer, the Eleusinian, vii. 54, 55, 59

—— -races at Athens presided over by the king, ii. 44 sq.;

at Easter, x. 142;

at Midsummer, x. 175

Torches by women to Diana, i. 12;

fight with, as a ceremony, i. 94;

used to mimic lightning, i. 310;

in relation to Demeter and Persephone, vii. 57;

lighted, used in purification, viii. 249;

used in the expulsion of demons, ix. 110, 117, 120, 130, 131, 132, 133 sq., 139, 140, 146, 157, 171;

used in the expulsion of witches, etc., ix. 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166;

carried in procession by maskers in Salzburg, ix. 243;

carried by dancers in Mexico, ix. 285;

applied to fruit-trees on Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 316 sq.;

carried about the sowed fields on the Eve of [pg 499] Twelfth Night, ix. 316, 317;

interpreted as imitations of lightning, x. 340 n. 1

Torches, burning, carried round folds and lands at Midsummer, x. 206;

applied to fruit-trees to fertilize them, x. 340

—— of Demeter, x. 340

——, processions with lighted, x. 141, sq., 233 sq.;

through fields, gardens, orchards, and streets, x. 107 sq., 110 sqq., 113 sqq., 179, 339 sq.;

at Midsummer, x. 179;

on Christmas Eve, x. 266

Torchlight dance of the Natchez Indians at the festival of new corn, viii. 79;

procession at Eleusis, vii. 38

Torgot, province of China, rain-dragon banished in time of drought to, i. 298

Torquemada, J. de, Spanish historian of Mexico, ix. 286 n. 1;

on the eating of the flesh of the human representative of Tezcatlipoca, ix. 279 n. 1;

on the flaying of human victims in Mexico, ix. 300 n. 1

Torres Straits Islands, use of magical images in the, i. 59, 72;

magic to catch dugong and turtle in the, i. 108;

raising the wind in the, i. 322;

wind raised by bull-roarer in the, i. 324;

magicians in the, i. 420 n. 2;

the fire-drill in the, ii. 209;

ritual flight of man who has decapitated a corpse in the, ii. 309 n. 2;

names of relations by marriage tabooed in the, iii. 343 sq.;

funeral custom in the, iv. 92 sq.;

worship of animal-shaped heroes in the, v. 139 n. 1;

death-dances in the, vi. 53 n. 2;

cat's cradle in the, vii. 103 n. 1;

the natives of the, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313;

modes of acquiring courage in the, viii. 152 sq.;

seclusion of girls at puberty in the, x. 36 sq., 39 sqq.;

dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in the, x. 78 sq.;

use of bull-roarers in the, xi. 228 n. 2, 232

Tortoise, emblem of longevity, i. 169 n. 1;

deemed ill-omened in China, i. 170;

fever transferred to, ix. 31

Tortoises, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151;

land, in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;

reasons for not eating, viii. 140;

external human souls lodged in, xi. 204.

See also Turtles

Torture, judicial, of criminals, witches, and wizards, xi. 158 sq.

Tossing successful reaper in Berwickshire, vii. 154

Totec or Xipe, Mexican god, ix. 297, 298;

personated by a man wearing the skin of a human victim, ix. 300.

See also Xipe

Totem confounded with the man himself, i. 107;

custom observed at eating the, iii. 127;

skin-disease supposed to be caused by eating, viii. 25 sq.;

transference of man's soul to his, xi. 219 n., 225 sq.;

supposed effect of killing a, xi. 220;

the receptacle in which a man keeps his external soul, xi. 220 sqq.;

the individual or personal, xi. 222 n. 5, 224 n. 1, 226 n. 1

See also Totems and Sex totem

Totem animal, artificial, novice at initiation brought back by, xi. 271 sq.;

transformation of man into his, xi. 275

—— animals and plants, custom of eating, i. 107

—— clans and secret societies, related to each other, xi. 272 sq.

—— names kept secret, iii. 320, 330, xi. 225 n.

—— plants among the Fans, xi. 161

—— sacrament, viii. 165

Totemic animals, purification for killing, viii. 28;

dances in imitation of, viii. 76;

represented by masks, ix. 380

Totemism defined, viii. 35;

in Central Australia not a religion, i. 107 sq.;

characteristics of early Australian, i. 107;

of the Dinkas, iv. 30 sq.;

the source of a particular type of folk-tales, iv. 129 sqq.;

possible trace of Latin, iv. 186 n. 4;

in Kiziba, vi. 173, 174 n. 1;

not proved for the Aryans, viii. 4;

probably originated in the hunting stage of society, viii. 37;

in Australia and America, viii. 311;

suggested theory of, xi. 218 sqq.

Totems in Central Australia, magical ceremonies for the multiplication of the, i. 85 sqq., 335;

custom of eating the, i. 107;

descent of the, in Uganda, ii. 288;

sacrifices to, iv. 31;

stories told to account for the origin of, iv. 129;

honorific, of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273 sqq.;

personal, among the North American Indians, xi. 273, 276 n. 1;

multiplex, of the Australians, xi. 275 n. 1

Totonacs, their worship of the corn-spirit, ix. 286 n. 1

Tototectin, men clad in skins of human victims in Mexico, ix. 298

Touch of menstruous women thought to convey pollution, x. 87, 90

Touch-me-not (Impatiens sp.), bundle of, representative of goddess Gauri, ii. 77

Touching for the King's Evil (scrofula), i. 368 sqq.

—— sacred king or chief, supposed effects of, iii. 132 sqq.

Toukaway Indians of Texas, ceremony of mimic wolves among the, xi. 276

Toulon, custom of drenching people with water at Midsummer at, v. 248 sq.

[pg 500]

Toulouse, adoration paid to each other by the Albigenses noticed in the records of the Inquisition at, i. 407;

torture of sorcerers at, xi. 158

Toumbuluh tribe of Celebes, taboos observed during wife's pregnancy in the, iii. 295, 298

Toumon, Egyptian god, the mummy of, iv. 5

Touraine, Midsummer fires in, x. 182

Town, charm to protect a, vi. 249 sqq.

Toxcatl, fifth month of old Mexican year, ix. 149 n. 2;

old Mexican festival, ix. 149 n. 2, 276

Tozer, H. F., on Mount Argaeus, v. 191

Trachinian Women, The, play of Sophocles, ii. 161

Trading voyages, continence observed on, iii. 203

Tradition, the thraldom of, i. 219;

historical, hampered by the taboo on the names of the dead, iii. 363 sqq.

Traditions of kings torn in pieces, vi. 97 sq.

Train, Joseph, on St. Bridget in the Isle of Man, ii. 95;

on Beltane fires in the Isle of Man, x. 157

Trajan, Pliny's letter to, ix. 420

Tralles in Lydia, sacred prostitution at, v. 38

Transference of human souls to other bodies, iii. 49;

from the living to the dead, iii. 73

—— of Egyptian festivals from one month to the preceding month, vi. 92 sqq.

—— of evil, ix. 1 sqq.;

to other people, ix. 5 sqq.;

to sticks and stones, ix. 8 sqq.;

to animals, ix. 31 sqq.;

to men, ix. 38 sqq.;

in Europe, ix. 47 sqq.

—— of a man's soul to his totem, xi. 219 n., 225 sq.

—— of sins, iii. 214 sqq., ix. 39 sqq., 42 sqq.

Transformation of men into animals, iv. 82 sqq., xi. 207;

of men into women, attempted, in obedience to dreams, vi. 255 sqq.;

of women into men, attempted, vi. 255 n. 1;

of woman into crocodile, viii. 212;

of animals into men, ix. 380;

of men into wolves at the full moon, x. 314 n. 1;

of witches into animals, x. 315 sqq., xi. 311 sq.;

of man into his totem animal, xi. 275

Transgressions, need of confessing, iii. 211 sq.

See also Sins

Transition from mother-kin to father-kin, vi. 261 n. 3

Transmigration, belief in, a motive for infanticide, iv. 188 sq.

—— of soul of ruptured person into cleft oak-tree, xi. 172

—— of human souls, into animals, iii. 65, iv. 84 sq., viii. 141, 285 sqq.;

into turtles, viii. 178 sq.;

into bears, viii. 191;

doctrine of, in ancient India, viii. 298 sq.;

doctrine of, in ancient Greece, viii. 300 sqq., 307 sq.;

into totem animals, xi. 223

Transmigrations of human deities, i. 410 sqq.;

of Buddha, viii. 299;

or Buddha in the Jataka, ix. 41

Transmission of soul to successor, iv. 198 sqq.

Transubstantiation among the ancient Aryans, viii. 89 sq.;

among the ancient Mexicans, viii. 89;

ridiculed by Cicero, viii. 167

Transvaal, the Bawenda of the, i. 351, 401 n. 3;

the Malepa of the, iii. 241

Transylvania, rain-making in, i. 282;

festival of Green George among the gipsies of, ii. 75 sq.;

precautions against witches on St. George's Eve or Day in, ii. 337 sq.;