General Index (continued 3)

Blackened faces, vii. 287, 291, 299, viii. 321, 332, ix. 247, 314, 330;

of actors, vii. 27

Blackening faces of warriors, iii. 163;

of manslayers, iii. 169, 178, 181, 186 n. 1;

of girls at puberty, x. 41, 60

Blackfoot Indians, taboos observed by eagle-trappers among the, i. 116;

taboos observed by the wives and children of eagle-hunters among the, i. 119;

their use of skulls as charms, i. 149 sq.;

their way of bringing on a storm of rain, i. 288;

their marriage of the Sun and Moon, ii. 146 sq.;

[pg 189]

taboos observed by man who kept the sacred pipe among the, iii. 159 n.;

unwilling to speak their names, iii. 326;

their worship of the Pleiades, vii. 311;

their propitiation of the eagles which they have killed, viii. 236

Bladders, annual festival of, among the Esquimaux, iii. 206 sq., 228;

of sea-beasts returned by the Esquimaux to the sea, viii. 247 sqq.

Bland, J. O. P., on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 274 sq.

Blankenfelde, in district of Potsdam, the Old Man at harvest at, vii. 221

Blankenheim in the Eifel, the King of the Bean at, ix. 313

Blay, men's clubhouse in the Pelew Islands, vi. 265

Bleeding trees, ii. 18, 20, 33

Blekinge, Swedish province, the Midsummer Bride and Bridegroom in, ii. 92, v. 251

Blemishes, bodily, a ground for putting kings to death, iv. 36 sqq.;

physical, transferred to witches, x. 160 n. 1

“Blessers” or sacred kings, iii. 125 n.

Blessing of maize, game, and fish by medicine-men among the Bororos, viii. 71 sq.

Blighting effect of illicit love on the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 sqq.

Blind bull sacrificed at the foundation of a town, vi. 249;

sacrificed before an army going to war, vi. 250

—— cat in homoeopathic magic, i. 153

—— Tree, the, i. 147

Blindfolded reapers, vii. 144, 153 sq.

Blindness, charm to cause, i. 147

—— of Hother, x. 279 n. 4

Block, the Yule, x. 247

Blocksberg, dance of the witches on the, ix. 163 n. 1;

the resort of witches, x. 171;

the Mount of the Witches, xi. 74

Blood shed at circumcision and subincision, uses of, i. 92, 94 sq.;

drawn from virgin bride, i. 94;

the flow of, arrested by blood-stones, i. 165;

sympathetic connexion between wounded person and his shed blood, i. 205;

of contracting parties sprinkled on their footprints in making a treaty, i. 211;

used to imitate rain, i. 256, 257 sq.;

smeared on regalia, i. 363;

smeared on king's throne, i. 365;

of sacrificial victim, inspiration by sucking the, i. 381 sq.;

offered to trees, ii. 13, 16, 19, 34, 44, 47, 367;

smeared on wood-work of house to appease the tree-spirits, ii. 39;

smeared on house as an expiatory rite, ii. 109 n. 1;

of incestuous persons, blighting effects attributed to the, ii. 110 sq.;

smeared on new fire-boards, ii. 225;

smeared on sacred trees, ii. 367;

put on doorposts, iii. 15;

smeared on person as a purification, iii. 104, 115, 219;

of slain, supposed effect of it on the slayer, iii. 169;

drawn from bodies of manslayers, iii. 176, 180;

tabooed, iii. 239 sqq.;

not eaten, iii. 240 sq.;

soul in the, iii. 240, 241, 247, 250;

of game poured out, iii. 241;

spilt on ground, covered up, iii. 241, 245, 246;

unwillingness to shed, iii. 243, 246 sq.;

received on bodies of kinsfolk, iii. 244 sq.;

drops of, effaced, iii. 245 sq.;

horror of, iii. 245;

spilt, used by magicians for evil purposes, iii. 246;

of chief sacred, iii. 248;

of women, dread of, iii. 250 sq.;

fetish priests allowed to drink fresh blood, iii. 291;

of sacrifice splashed on door-posts, house-posts, etc., iv. 97, 175, 176 n. 1;

remission of sins through the shedding of, v. 299;

used in expiation for homicide, v. 299 n. 2;

not to be shed in certain sacrifices, vi. 222 n. 2;

of sacrificial horse, use made of, viii. 42;

drawn from men as a religious rite, viii. 75, 91 sq.;

of men drunk to acquire their qualities, viii. 148, 150, 151, 152;

as a means of communion with a deity, viii. 316;

fatigue let out with, ix. 12;

of children used to knead a paste, ix. 129;

drawn from ears as penance, ix. 292;

girls at puberty forbidden to see, x. 46;

drawn from women who do not menstruate, x. 81

Blood, bath of ox, iv. 35, 201;

bath of bull's, in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sqq.

—— of bear drunk, viii. 146

—— of beavers not allowed to fall on ground, viii. 240 n. 2

—— of childbirth, supposed dangerous infection of, iii. 152 sqq.;

received on heads of friends or slaves, iii. 245

——, the Day of, in the festival of Attis, v. 268, 285

—— of dragon imparts knowledge of language of birds, viii. 146

——, human, strengthening and fertilizing virtue attributed to, i. 85 sqq., 90 sqq., 105;

offered at grave, i. 90 sq., 101;

given to sick people, i. 91;

used to knit men together, i. 92;

used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 256, 257 sq., xi. 232 sq.;

offered to the dead, iv. 92 sq., 104;

libations of, poured on grave of Pelops, iv. 92;

mixed with maize and eaten as a blessed food, viii. 91 sq.

—— of human victims in rain-making ceremonies, iv. 20;

smeared on faces [pg 190] of idols, iv. 185;

sprinkled on seed, vii. 239, 251;

scattered on field, vii. 244, 251

Blood of lamb sprinkled on people, viii. 315

——, menstruous, dread of, x. 76;

disastrous effect of seeing, x. 77;

deemed fatal to cattle, x. 80;

miraculous virtue attributed to, x. 82 sq.;

medicinal application of, x. 98 n. 1

—— of pigs in purificatory rites, ii. 107, 108, 109, v. 299 n. 2, ix. 262

——, royal, reluctance to spill, ii. 228;

not to be shed on the ground, iii. 241 sqq.

—— of St. John found on St. John's wort and other plants at Midsummer, xi. 56, 57

—— of sheep poured on image of god as a sin-offering, x. 82

—— of slain men tasted by their slayers, viii. 154 sqq.

Blood-brotherhood formed by woodman with the tree which he fells, ii. 19 sq.;

between men and animals among the Fans, xi. 201, 226 n. 1;

between men and animals among the Indians of Honduras, xi. 214, 226 n. 1

—— -covenant, iii. 130, viii. 154 sqq.;

by mixture of blood between husband and wife, viii. 69.

See also Blood-brotherhood

—— -lickers among the Betsileo, iii. 246

—— -stones thought to arrest the flow of blood, i. 81, 165

Bloodless altars, ix. 307

Bloomfield, Professor Maurice, on the magical nature of Vedic ritual, i. 229

—— River, Queensland, magical effigies on the, i. 62;

namesakes of the dead change their names on the, iii. 355 sq.

Blowing on a fire, forbidden to sacred chiefs, iii. 136, 256;

upon knots, as a charm, iii. 302, 304

—— of trumpets in the festival of Attis, v. 268

Blows to drive away ghosts, ix. 260 sqq.

Blue Spring, the, at Syracuse, v. 213 n. 1

Bluk, the bull-frog, i. 292

Blu-u Kayans of Borneo, iii. 104;

expiation for unchastity among the, ii. 109 sq.

Blydeuitzigt, in Cape Colony, ix. 16

Boa-constrictor, purification of man who has killed a, iii. 221 sq.;

need of appeasing the soul of a, viii. 296

Boa-constrictors, kings at death turn into, iv. 84, xi. 212 n.;

souls of dead in, viii. 289 sq.

Boanerges, “sons of thunder,” i. 266 n. 1

Boar, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151;

grunting like a wild, a charm against sore feet, ii. 22 sq.;

and Adonis, v. 11, viii. 22 sq.;

Attis killed by a, v. 264;

corn-spirit as, vii. 298 sqq.;

the Yule, vii. 300 sqq., 302 sq.

See also Boars

Boar's fat poured on novices at initiation in the Andaman Islands, viii. 164

—— head mask worn by actor at a sowing festival, vii. 95 sq.

—— skin, shoes of, worn by a king at inauguration, x. 4

Boars, evil spirits transferred to, ix. 31;

familiar spirits of wizards in, xi. 196 sq.;

lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 203, 205;

external human souls in, xi. 207

——, wild, hunted in Italy, i. 6;

in ancient Greece, i. 6 n. 6;

not to be called by their proper names, iii. 411, 415;

annually sacrificed in Cyprus, viii. 23 n. 3;

their ravages in the corn, viii. 31 sqq.;

eaten to make eater brave, viii. 140.

See also Swine

Boas, Dr. Franz, on the taboos observed by Esqimaux hunters, iii. 210 sqq.;

on the confession of sins, iii. 214;

on the masked dances of the Indians of North-Western America, ix. 375 sq.;

on seclusion of Shuswap girls at puberty, x. 53;

on customs observed by mourners among the Bella Coola Indians, xi. 174;

on initiation into the wolf society of the Nootka Indians, xi. 270 sq.;

on the relation between clans and secret societies, xi. 273 n. 1

Boba or Baba, “the Old Woman,” name given to the last sheaf, vii. 144 sq., 223

Bocage of Normandy, rule as to the clipping of wool in the, vi. 134 n. 3;

“catching the quail,” at harvest in the, vii. 295;

games of ball in the, ix. 183 sq.;

Eve of Twelfth Night in the, ix. 316 sq.;

weather of the twelve months predicted from the Twelve Days in the, ix. 323;

Midsummer fires in the, x. 185;

the Yule log in the, x. 252;

torchlight processions on Christmas Eve in the, x. 266

Bock, C., on birth-ceremonies in Laos, vii. 8;

on the fear of demons in Laos, ix. 97

Bodia or Bodio, a West African pontiff responsible for the fertility of the earth, i. 353;

taboos observed by him, iii. 14 sq., 23

Bodies, souls transferred to other, iii. 49

—— of the dead, magical uses made of the, vi. 100 sqq.;

guarded against mutilation, vi. 103;

thought to be endowed with magical powers, vi. 103, 104 sq.

Bodmin, in Cornwall, Lord of Misrule at, ii. 319 n. 1

Bodos, the, of Assam, mourners shaved among the, iii. 285

[pg 191]

Bodroum in Cilicia, ruins of, v. 167

Body-without-soul in a Ligurian story, xi. 107;

in a German story, xi. 116 sq.;

in a Breton story, xi. 132 sq.;

in a Basque story, xi. 139

Boedromion, an Attic month, vii. 52, 77, viii. 6 n.

Boemus, Joannes, on the “carrying out of Death,” iv. 234;

on the King of the Bean, ix. 315 n.

Boeotian festival of the Great Daedala, xi. 77 n. 1

—— sacrifice to Hercules, viii. 95 n. 2

Bogadjim, in German New Guinea, belief in wind-making at, i. 322;

charm to attract fish at, viii. 251

Boghaz-Keui, Hittite capital, excavations of H. Winckler at, v. 125 n.;

situation and remains of, v. 128 sqq.;

the gods of, v. 128 sqq.;

rock-hewn sculptures at, v. 129 sqq.

Bogle, George, envoy to Tibet, his account of a Tibetan New Year ceremony, ix. 203

Bogomiles, a Russian sect, worship each other as embodiments of Christ, i. 407 sq.

Bogos of East Africa allow no fire in a house after a death, ii. 267 n. 4;

women of the, will not mention their husbands' names, iii. 337

Bogota, capital of the Chibchas, i. 416;

rigorous training of the heir to the throne of, x. 19

Bohemia, customs as to children's cast teeth in, i. 180;

contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 sq.;

Midsummer-tree burned in, ii. 66;

throwing Death into the water on the fourth Sunday in Lent in, ii. 73 sq.;

Whitsuntide King in, ii. 85;

girl called Queen on fourth Sunday in Lent in, ii. 87;

the soul as a white bird in, iii. 34;

belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;

belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66;

“burying the Carnival” in, iv. 209;

Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 209 sqq.;

“Carrying out Death” in, iv. 237 sq.;

bringing in Summer in, iv. 246;

May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, v. 250;

Feast of All Souls in, vi. 72 sq.;

harvest customs in, vii. 138, 145, 149, 150, 225 sq., 232, 286, 289;

fox's tongue as amulet in, viii. 270;

snake's tongue cut on St. George's Eve confers eloquence in, viii. 270;

custom as to mice in, viii. 279, 283;

the Shrovetide or carnival Bear in, viii. 325 sq.;

sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;

precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ix. 161;

“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268, 269;

the Three Kings of Twelfth Day in, ix. 330 sq.;

the Festival of Fools in, ix. 336 n. 1;

water and fire consecrated at Easter in, x. 123 sq.;

bonfires on May Day in, x. 159;

Midsummer fires in, x. 173 sqq.;

need-fire in, x. 278 sq.;

charm to make corn grow high in, x. 340;

offering to water-spirits on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 28;

simples gathered on St. John's Night in, xi. 49;

divination by means of flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 52 sq.;

mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59;

elder-flowers gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 64;

wild thyme gathered on Midsummer Day in, xi. 64;

magic bloom of fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 66;

“thunder besoms” in, xi. 85;

fern-seed on St. John's Day in, xi. 287, 288

Bohemia, the Germans of Western, their phrase for man who cuts last corn, vii. 138;

their custom at Christmas, ix. 270;

Twelfth Day among, ix. 331

Bohemian belief that serpents get their poison annually on St. George's Day, ii. 344 n. 4;

cures for fever, ix. 49, 51, 55 sq., 58, 59, 63;

remedy for jaundice, ix. 52

—— charm to make fruit-trees bear, i. 141

—— custom of “Shooting the Witches” on St. Sylvester's Day, ix. 164

—— love-charms on St. George's Day, ii. 345 sq.

—— poachers, their use of vervain, xi. 62;

their use of seeds of fir-cones, xi. 64

—— story of the external soul, xi. 110

—— superstition as to understanding the language of animals, viii. 146

Bohemians, their precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night, ii. 55

Bohlingen, in Baden, the last sheaf called the Oats-stallion at, vii. 292;

the last sheaf called the Rye-sow or the Wheat-sow at, vii. 298

Böhmerwald Mountains, the Oats-goat at harvest in the, vii. 284;

annual expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night in the, ix. 159 sq.

Bohus, Midsummer fires in, x. 172

Bohuslän, in Sweden, prehistoric rock-carving at, vii. 129 n. 1

Boidès, torches or bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 n. 1

Boiled flesh tabooed to manslayers, iii. 185

—— meat offered to the Seasons, i. 310

Boiling bewitched animal or part of it to compel witch to appear, x. 321 sq., 323

—— a thief's name, iii. 331

[pg 192]

Boiling milk, omens drawn from, xi. 8

—— resin, ordeal of, x. 311

Boils caused by magical stones, i. 147;

thought to be caused by eating or touching a totemic animal, viii. 25, 29;

crawling under a bramble as a cure for, xi. 180

Bolang Mongondo, a district of Celebes, recall of lost soul in, iii. 53 sq.;

disposal of child's first hair, iii. 279;

names of relations tabooed in, iii. 341;

rajahs of, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 376;

custom as to eating the new rice in, viii. 54;

belief in demons in, ix. 85 sq.;

riddles only asked when there is a corpse in the village in, ix. 121 n. 3

Bolbe in Macedonia, lake of, ix. 142 n. 1

Bolivia, the Moxos Indians of, i. 123;

Aymara Indians of, i. 292, iii. 97, ix. 193;

the Chiriguanos Indians of, vi. 143 n. 4, 145, viii. 140, 286, ix. 26, 193, x. 56;

Tarija in, vii. 173 n.;

the Guarayos of, viii. 157;

the Pechuyos of, viii. 157;

the Retoroños of, viii. 157;

the Yuracares Indians of, viii. 235 sq., 257, x. 57 sq.;

heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12;

sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;

Indians of, their offerings at cairns, ix. 26 sq.;

fires on St. John's Eve in, x. 213;

La Paz in, xi. 50

Boloki, or Bangala, of the Upper Congo, their ceremonies at the new moon, vi. 143;

attempt to deceive spirit of disease, vi. 262;

their fear of demons, ix. 76 sq.;

birth-plants among the, xi. 161 sq.;

use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 n.

Bombay, belief as to absence of sleeper's soul in, iii. 41;

the Suni Mohammedans of, their customs as to mirrors, iii. 95;

burial custom in, viii. 100

Bomma, King of the Rain at, ii. 2

Bondeis of German East Africa, rites of initiation among the, xi. 263 sq.

Bonds, no man in bonds allowed in house of Flamen Dialis, iii. 14

Bone used to point with in sorcery, x. 14;

of bird (eagle or swan), women at menstruation obliged to drink out of, x. 45, 48, 49, 50, 73 n. 3, 90, 92;

incident of, in folk-tales, x. 73 n. 3

—— of old animals eaten to make the eater old, viii. 143

Bones, departing souls bottled up in hollow, iii. 31;

burnt in the Easter bonfires, x. 142;

burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 203

—— of animals not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 225, 238 sqq., 243, 259;

preserved in order that the animals may come to life again, viii. 256 sqq.;

burned or thrown into water, viii. 257;

not to be broken, viii. 258 sq.;

that have been eaten as a sacrament treated with ceremonious respect, viii. 313

Bones of the dead, in magic, i. 148, 150;

of dead shamans placed in trees, ii. 32;

their treatment after the decay of the flesh, iii. 372 n. 5;

disinterred and scraped, iii. 373 n., iv. 96;

used in rain-making ceremonies, v. 22;

of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, vi. 103 sq.;

cakes baked in the shape of, and eaten as the bones of a god, viii. 87 sqq.;

virtues acquired by contact with the, viii. 153 sq.;

preserved to facilitate resurrection, viii. 259;

of dead enemies destroyed to prevent their resurrection, viii. 260;

of dead husbands carried by their widows, x. 91 n. 4

—— of deer not given to the dogs, viii. 241, 242, 243

—— of fish not burned, viii. 250, 251;

thrown into the sea or a river, viii. 250, 254;

not to be broken, viii. 255

——, fossil, source of myths about giants, v. 157 sq.

——, human, buried as rain-charm, i. 287;

burned as a charm against sorcery, ii. 330;

of bodies which have been eaten, special treatment of, iii. 189 sq.

——, marrow, not to be broken in a hut, i. 115 sq.

—— of sacrificial victim not broken, iv. 20

—— of salmon not to touch the ground, viii. 254

—— and skulls of enemies not destroyed, viii. 260

—— of white whale kept from dogs, iii. 206

Bonfire Day in County Leitrim, x. 203

Bonfires on St. John's Day (Midsummer Day) in Esthonia, iv. 280;

leaping over, iv. 262, ix. 159;

on St. John's Eve, dances round, v. 245;

on Walpurgis Night to keep off witches, ix. 163;

on the Eve of Twelfth Day, ix. 316 sqq.;

supposed to protect against conflagrations, x. 107, 108;

lit by the persons last married, x. 107, 109;

a protection against witchcraft, x. 108, 109, 154;

a protection against sickness, x. 108, 109;

a protection against sorcery, x. 156;

quickening and fertilizing influence of, x. 336 sqq.;

omens of marriage drawn from, x. 338 sq.;

protect fields against hail, x. 344;

protect houses against lightning and conflagration, x. 344;

at festivals in India, xi. 1 sqq.

See also Fires

[pg 193]

Bonfires, Midsummer, ii. 65;

intended to drive away dragons, x. 161;

protect cattle against witchcraft, x. 188;

thought to ensure good crops, x. 188, 336

Bongo, the, of the Upper Nile, magical powers of chiefs among, i. 347

Boni, Commendatore G., on the Vestal fire, ii. 186 n. 1

Boni, in Celebes, etiquette at the court of the king of, iv. 40

Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, x. 270

Bonnach stone in a Celtic story, xi. 126

Bonnets, special, worn by women at menstruation, iii. 146

Bonny River, human sacrifices at mouth of the, ii. 157 sq.

Bontoc, in Luzon, sacred trees of the natives of, ii. 30;

human sacrifices at planting and reaping rice in, vii. 240

Booandik tribe of South Australia, their fear of women's blood, iii. 251;

special form of speech used between relations by marriage in the, iii. 346 sq.

Boobies, the aborigines of Fernando Po, their sacred king, iii. 8 sq.

Booginese. See Buginese

Book of Acaill, ancient Irish work, iv. 39

—— of the Dead, the ancient Egyptian, vi. 13, vii. 215, ix. 103

—— of Rewards and Penalties, Chinese work, i. 61

—— of Rights, ancient Irish work, iii. 12 n. 2

Booth of Orestes, i. 26

Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monument at, v. 122 n. 1

Bor tribe of Dinka, their rain-maker, iv. 32

Borâna Gallas, custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 n. 1

Borans, their custom of sacrificing their children to a sky-spirit, iv. 181

Bordeaux, May-poles at, ii. 69;

magical use of knotted cords at, iii. 299;

“killing the Bull” at threshing near, vii. 291

Bordes, torches carried on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 n. 1

Borewell, the, in Northumberland, resorted to by barren women, ii. 161

Borlase, William, on the Cornish custom of the Maypole, ii. 67;

on Midsummer fires in Cornwall, x. 199

Bormus, mournful song of Mariandynian reapers, vii. 216, 264;

compared to Lityerses, vii. 257

Born again, pretence of being, i. 74 sqq., iii. 113.

See also Birth, new

—— “of an oak or a rock,” i. 100 n. 1

—— thrice, said of Brahmans, i. 381

Borneo, use of magical images in, i. 59 sq.;

the Dyaks of, i. 73, iii. 52, ix. 14, 383, x. 5, xi. 222;

rules observed by camphor hunters in, i. 115;

telepathy in war in, i. 127;

the Mahakam Dyaks of, i. 159;

treatment of the afterbirth and navel-string in, i. 194;

gongs beaten in storms in, i. 328;

beliefs as to the blighting effect of sexual crime in, ii. 108 sqq.;

the Kenyahs of, ii. 385, iii. 110, 415;

hooks to catch souls in, iii. 30;

rice used to prevent the soul, conceived as a bird, from wandering, in, iii. 35;

recall of lost souls in, iii. 55 sq.;

the Ot Danoms of, iii. 103;

precautions against strangers in, iii. 103 sq.;

the Blu-u Kayans of, iii. 104;

exorcism of spirits by means of rice in, iii. 106;

the Dusuns of, iii. 230, ix. 200;

natives of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;

the Malanau tribes of, iii. 406;

the Sakarang Dyaks of, iii. 416;

the Barito of, iv. 166 n. 1;

custom of head-hunting in, v. 294 sqq.;

effeminate sorcerers in, vi. 253, 256;

division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124;

use of puppets as substitutes for living persons in, viii. 100 sq.;

custom in the search for camphor in, viii. 186 n.;

the Kalamantans of, viii. 293 sq.;

belief in demons in, ix. 87;

sickness expelled in a ship from, ix. 187;

the Biajas of, ix. 200;

festivals in, x. 13;

seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 35 sq.;

birth-custom in, xi. 154 sq.;

trees and plants as life-indices in, xi. 164 sq.;

the Madangs of, xi. 175;

creeping through a cleft stick after a funeral in, xi. 175 sq.;

giving the slip to an evil spirit in, xi. 179 sq.

Borneo, Central, the Kayans of, i. 330, ii. 17, 109, iii. 47, 99, 110, 113, 164, 239, 260, 286, 406, iv. 218, vii. 92, 184, viii. 54 sq., ix. 154 n., 236, 382 sq., x. 4 sq., xi. 175;

agricultural communities of, vii. 92

——, Eastern, Tengaroeng in, iv. 280, 281

——, Northern, the Dyaks of, vii. 188

——, South-Eastern, the Dyaks of, iii. 72 n. 1

——, Western, precautions against frightening the spirit of the rice in, ii. 28

Bornu, the Sultan of, hides himself from his people, iii. 120 sq.

Boroma, on the Zambesi, rain-maker with unshorn hair at, iii. 259 sq.

Bororos of Brazil, best singers chosen chiefs among the, ii. 298 sq.;

their conception of the soul as a bird, iii. 34;

their belief in dreams, iii. 36;

their belief and custom as to meteors, [pg 194] iv. 62 sq.;

consecration of maize, game, and fish by medicine-men among the, viii. 71 sq.;

their identification of themselves with parrots, viii. 207 sq.;

their use of bull-roarers, xi. 230 n.

Borrow, witches come to, x. 322, 323, xi. 73

Borsippa, temple of E-zida at, iv. 110

Bosanquet, Professor R. C., on the Four-handed Apollo, vi. 250 n. 2

Boscana, Father Geronimo, on the customs and superstitions of the Californian Indians, vii. 125, viii. 169

Bosco Sacro, the grove of Egeria, i. 18 n. 4

Bosman, W., on serpent-worship in Guinea, v. 67

Bosnia, hawthorn used as a protection against vampyres in, ix. 153 n. 1;

need-fire in, x. 286;

life-trees of children in, xi. 165

Bosnian Turks, ceremony of adoption among the, i. 74

Bossuet, Bishop, on the Midsummer bonfires, x. 182

Botocudos of Brazil, their reason for eating the flesh of their enemies, viii. 156

Bottesford, in Lincolnshire, mistletoe deemed a remedy for epilepsy at, xi. 83

Bottle, external soul of queen in a, xi. 138

Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, v. 66 n. 3, 69

Bougainville Straits, the natives of, their observation of the Pleiades and Orion's belt, vii. 313;

their expulsion of demons, ix. 116;

use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 n.

Bough, the Golden, xi. 279 sqq.;

plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. 379;

and the King of the Wood, i. 11, x. 1;

the plucking of it not a piece of bravado, ii. 123 sq.;

grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379;

a branch of mistletoe, xi. 284 sqq., 315 sqq.

See also Golden Bough

Boughs, green, a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127.

See also Branches

Boulia district of Queensland, magical pointing bones in the, x. 14

Bouphonia, “the murder of the ox,” ritual flight at the, ii. 309 n. 2;

an Athenian sacrifice, viii. 4 sqq.

Bouphonion, a Greek month, viii. 6 n.

Bourail, in New Caledonia, ceremony at eating the new yams at, viii. 53

Bourbonnais, the Fox in the corn in, vii. 296;

mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83

Bourbourg, Brasseur de, on Mexican human sacrifices in connexion with the crops, vii. 237

Bourdifailles, bonfires on first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 n. 1

Bourges, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 242

Bourgogne, in Ain, the Fox in the last sheaf at, vii. 297

Bourke, Captain J. G., on the Pimas, iii. 184;

on mock human sacrifices in Arizona, iv. 215;

on the totem clans of the Zuni, viii. 178;

on the bull-roarer, xi. 231

Bourlet, A., on the belief of the Thay in spirits, ix. 97 sqq.

Bouzygai, “Ox-yokers,” priestly family at Eleusis, curses uttered by the, vii. 108 sq.

Bouzygios, epithet applied to the Sacred Ploughing at Athens, vii. 109 n. 1

Bovillae, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 n. 1;

Vejovis at, ii. 179;

the Julian family at, ii. 179, 180 n.

Bowels, novice at initiation supplied by spirits with a new set of, xi. 235 sqq.

Bowes, in Yorkshire, need-fire at, x. 287

Box, strayed soul caught in, iii. 45, 70, 76;

external soul of king in a, xi. 102, 149;

external soul of cannibal in a, xi. 117.

See also Boxes

—— -tree, external soul of giant in a, xi. 133

Boxers at funerals, iv. 97

Boxes opened in house to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296;

or arks, sacred, x. 11 sq.

See also Box

Boxing, in the pancratium, vii. 71 n. 5, viii. 131

Boxwood blessed on Palm Sunday, x. 184, xi. 47

Boy and girl produce need-fire by friction of wood, xi. 281

—— Bishop on Holy Innocents' Day, ix. 336 sqq.

Boys of living parents in ritual, vi. 236 sqq.;

dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, vi. 260;

marriage customs to ensure the birth of, vi. 262;

at initiation thought to be swallowed by wizards, xi. 233;

at initiation thought to be born again, xi. 246 sqq.

Brabant, Whitsuntide custom in, ii. 80;

Midsummer fires in, x. 194;

St. Peter's bonfires in, x. 195;

wicker giants in, xi. 35

Bracelets as amulets, iii. 55, 315, x. 92

Bradbury, Professor J. B., on hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 139 n. 1

Braemar Highlanders, their Hallowe'en fires, x. 233 sq.

Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, the Hindoo Trinity, i. 225

Brahman, the Hindoo creator, x. 95

Brahman, priest, derivation of name, i. 229;

not to blow a fire with his mouth, ii. 241;

called “twice born,” xi. 276.

See also Brahmans

[pg 195]

Brahman boys sacrificed, vii. 244;

forbidden to see the sun, x. 68 n. 2

—— charms by treading on a stone, i. 160

—— fire-priests, ii. 247 sqq.

—— householder supposed to become a deity through sacrifice, i. 380;

new birth of the, i. 380 sq.

—— marriage ceremony, i. 160

—— marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, vi. 260

—— student, his cut hair and nails, iii. 277;

his observances at end of his studentship, x. 20

—— teachers, taboos observed by, iii. 239

—— theology, gods at first mortal in, i. 373 n. 1

—— women in rain-making ceremonies, i. 283

Brâhmanas, the magical nature of the sacrifices prescribed in the, i. 228 sq.

Brahmanic ritual at inauguration of a king, x. 4

Brahmanism akin to shamanism, i. 229;

vestiges of, under Mohammedanism, ix. 90 n. 1

Brahmans deemed superior to the gods, i. 226;

morning offerings of the, i. 314;

thrice-born, i. 381;

divinity of the, i. 403 sq.;

their common and secret names, iii. 322;

the ceremonial swinging of, iv. 150, 156 sq.;

on transubstantiation, viii. 89;

first-fruits of sugar-cane given to, viii. 119;

sacrificial custom of the, ix. 25;

as human scapegoats, ix. 42 sq., 44 sq.;

their theory of sacrifice, ix. 410 sq.

Brahmapootra, head-hunting tribes in the valley of the, iv. 13

Brain, drippings of, used to acquire wisdom of dead, viii. 163 sq.

Brains of enemies eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 152

Braller in Transylvania, the hanging of Carnival at, iv. 230 sq.;

“Carrying out Death” at, iv. 247 sqq.;

the Harvest-cock at, vii. 276

Bramble, crawling under a, as a cure for whooping-cough, etc., xi. 180

Bran úa Faeláin, King of Leinster, saved by the voluntary death of fifty monks, iv. 159 n. 1

Branch of sacred cedar cut and brought home at wheat-sowing, ii. 50 sq.;

of hawthorn in bloom on May Day, ii. 52;

of oak dipped in a spring as a rain-charm, ii. 359;

lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67

Branches dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 248, 250, 309, ii. 46 sq.;

not to be broken or cut in sacred groves, ii. 9, 10, 41 sqq.;

stuck in fields to ensure rain or an abundant crop, ii. 46, 47, 48;

stuck in flax-fields to make the flax grow tall, ii. 86;

used in exorcism, iii. 109;

fatigue transferred to, ix. 8;

sickness transferred to, ix. 186.

See also Bough, Boughs

Brand, John, on the Harvest Queen, vii. 146;

on the Yule log, x. 247, 255

Brandenburg, Mark of, fruit-trees girt with straw at Christmas in, ii. 17;

race of bride and bridegroom in, ii. 303;

race to a sheaf on harvest-field in, vii. 137;

cure for headache and giddiness in, ix. 52, 53;

cure for toothache in, ix. 60;

simples culled at Midsummer in, xi. 48

Brandons, the Sunday of the, first Sunday in Lent, x. 110;

torches carried about fields and streets, x. 111 n. 1

Brands of Midsummer fires a protection against lightning, conflagration, and spells, x. 183;

a protection against thunder, x. 191;

lighted, carried round cattle, x. 341.

See also Sticks, charred

Brandy, North American Indian theory of, viii. 147

Bras Basah, a village on the Perak river, ix. 199

Brasidas, funeral games in his honour at Amphipolis, iv. 94

Brass rings as amulets, iii. 31, 314;

instruments sounded to frighten away demons, ix. 147

Braunrode in the Harz Mountains, Easter fires at, x. 142

Braunsberg, in East Prussia, the Corn-goat at harvest at, vii. 282

Brauronia, festival of Brauronian Artemis, viii. 41 n. 3

Bray, Mrs., on Devonshire custom of “crying the neck,” vii. 265 sq.

Brazen serpent, the, viii. 281

Brazier, walking through a lighted, xi. 3 sqq.

Brazil, the Tupinambas of, i. 142, vii. 122;

contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210;

the Guayana Indians of, iv. 12;

the Apinagos of, vi. 145;

the Kaua and Kobeua Indians of, vii. 111, ix. 236, 381;

observation of the Pleiades by the Indians of, vii. 309 sq.;

the Bororos of, viii. 71, 207 sq., xi. 230 n.;

the Botocudos of, viii. 156;

the Passes of, viii. 157;

the Xomanas of, viii. 157;

the Chiambioa Indians of, viii. 208 n. 1;

the Tupi Indians of, viii. 272;

the Guaranis of, x. 56;

the Uaupes of, x. 61;

effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128;

fires of St. John in, x. 213;

the Caripunas of, xi. 230;

the [pg 196] Nahuqua of, xi. 230;

the Bakairi of, xi. 231

Brazil, Indians of, their rule as to hamstringing deer, i. 115;

their charm to strengthen a girl's teeth, i. 153;

power of medicine-men among the, i. 358 sq.;

their explanation of headache, iii. 40;

death from imagination among the, iii. 136;

think that wind may be caused by reading, iii. 231;

their indifference to death, iv. 138;

their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on children, vi. 148;

play various games of cat's cradle, vii. 103 n. 1;

women's agricultural labours among the, vii. 122;

their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139;

their apologies to the ounces which they have caught in traps, viii. 235;

at mouth of Amazon, beat themselves with an aquatic plant to increase their generative force, ix. 264;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56, 59 sq.;

ordeals undergone by young men among the, x. 62 sq.

——, Indians of North-Western, their masked dances, vii. 111 sq., ix. 236, 381

Bread, leavened, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch, iii. 13;

fast from, in mourning for Attis, v. 272;

communion, baked from first corn cut, viii. 51;

eaten sacramentally as the body of a god, viii. 86 sqq.;

unleavened, baked with new corn, viii. 136;

the sacramental use of, viii. 167;

reverence for, x. 13

Bread-fruit, magical stones to promote the growth of, i. 162 sq., 164;

ceremony at eating the new, viii. 52 sq.;

tree planted over navel-string of child, xi. 163

Breadalbane, use of a scapegoat in, ix. 209;

“hill of the fires” in, x. 149;

treatment of mad cow in, x. 326

Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, vi. 121 n. 3;

on Amenophis IV., vi. 123 n. 1;

on the Sed festival, vi. 156 n. 1

Breath, holy fire not to be blown upon with the, ii. 241;

of chief sacred, iii. 136, 256;

of dying chief caught by his successor, iv. 198;

not to defile sacred flame, v. 191

“——, scoring above the,” cutting a witch on the forehead, x. 315 n. 2

Breathing on a person as a mode of purification, iii. 149

Breconshire, the sin-eater in, ix. 43

Breech-cloth worn by widow to keep off her husband's ghost, iii. 143

Breezes, magical means of securing, iv. 287

Breitenbrunn, the “Charcoal Man” at

Midsummer at, xi. 26 n. 2

Brekinjska, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Brenner, J. von, on savage fear of being photographed, iii. 99

Bresse, the Mariée in May in, ii. 96;

“cutting off the fox's tail” at harvest in, vii. 268;

the King of the Bean in, ix. 315 n. 1;

Midsummer bonfires in, x. 189

Brest, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 184

Bret Harte, Relieving Guard, iv. 66 n. 4;

on the Spanish missions in California, viii. 171 n. 1

Breteuil, canton of, Midsummer fires in the, x. 187

Brethren of the Free Spirit, i. 408

—— of the Ploughed Fields (Fratres Arvales), a Roman college of priests, ii. 122, vi. 239, ix. 232.

See also Arval Brothers

Breton belief that women can be impregnated by the moon, x. 76

—— peasants, their way of getting rain, i. 306 sq.;

throw knives at the wind, i. 329

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 132 sq.

—— superstitions as to the tides, i. 167

Bretons, their dread of noon, iii. 88

Brewing, continence observed at, iii. 200, 201 sq.;

water to be called by another name in, iii. 395

Brezina, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Brhaspati, as a magician, i. 241

Briançon, in Dauphiné, the Bridegroom of the Month of May at, ii. 92 sq.;

“the Cat of the ball-skin” at harvest at, vii. 280 sq.

Briar-thorn, divination by, x. 242

Bribri Indians of Costa Rica, their ideas as to the uncleanness of women, iii. 147, 149;

seclusion of women at menstruation among the, x. 86

Bricknell, J., on a custom of the Carolina Indians, iv. 184 sq.

Bridal pair, the, at Whitsuntide in Saxony, ii. 91;

at rice-harvest in Java, vii. 200 sq.

Bride tied to tree at marriage, ii. 57;

the Whitsuntide, ii. 89, 96;

the May, ii. 95;

led to or round the hearth at marriage, ii. 221, 230, 231;

races for a, ii. 300 sqq.;

contests for a, ii. 305 sqq.;

fishing-net thrown over, iii. 307;

dressed as a man, vi. 260;

the last, privilege of, ix. 183;

not allowed to tread the earth, x. 5;

last married, made to leap over bonfire, xi. 22

—— and bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, ii. 91 sq.;

the Midsummer, in Sweden, ii. 92, v. 251;

all knots on their garments unloosed, iii. 299 sq.;

carry [pg 197] locked locks at marriage, iii. 308;

mock, at bonfires, x. 109 sq.

Bride of God, the, in a rain-making ceremony, i. 276

——, name given to last sheaf, vii. 162, 163

—— of the Nile, vi. 38

—— race among Teutonic peoples, ii. 303 sqq.

Bride, parish of, in the Isle of Man, x. 306, 307 n. 1

Bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, ii. 91;

girt with a net, iii. 307;

dressed as a woman, vi. 260 sq.;

disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, vi. 261;

not to touch the ground with his feet, x. 5

—— of May, ii. 91, 93, iv. 266

Bridget's bed on the night before Candlemas in the Highlands of Scotland and the Isle of Man, ii. 94 sq.

See also St. Bridget

Bridlington, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

Brie (Isle de France), the May-tree and Father May at, ii. 74 sq.;

farmer tied up in first sheaf at, vii. 221;

stranger tied up in sheaf at harvest at, vii. 226;

effigy of giant burnt on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 38

Brigit, a Celtic goddess, ii. 95, 240 sqq.;

her Christian namesake and successor at Kildare, ii. 240 sqq.

See also St. Brigit

Brihaspati, Hindoo deity, i. 166, x. 99 n. 2

Brimo and Brimos, in the mysteries of Eleusis, ii. 139

Brincker, Dr. P. H., on the sacred sticks representing ancestors among the Herero, ii. 224 n. 4

Bringing in Summer, iv. 233, 237, 238, 246 sqq.

Briony, wreaths of, at Midsummer, x. 210

Brisbane River in Queensland, use of bull-roarers on the, xi. 233 sqq.

British Columbia, Indians of, their dislike of telling their own names, iii. 328;

respect the animals and plants which they eat, vi. 44;

their address to the first fish of the season, viii. 253;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 46 sqq.;

dread and seclusion of menstruous women among the, x. 89 sq.;

rites of initiation among the, xi. 270 sqq.

——, Koskimo Indians of, xi. 229

——, the Kwakiutl of, i. 263, iii. 53, 188, 386, viii. 220, 250, xi. 152, 186

——, the Shuswap Indians of, i. 265, iii. 83, 142, viii. 226, 238, x. 53, xi. 174 n. 2, 276 n. 1, 297 n. 3

——, the Thompson Indians of, i. 132, ii. 208, viii. 81, 133, 140, 207, 226, 268, ix. 154 n., x. 49, 89 sq., 98 n. 1, xi. 275, 297

Britomartis and Minos, iv. 73

Brittany, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 sq.;

the Veneti of, ii. 353;

belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66;

Burial of Shrove Tuesday or of the Carnival in, iv. 229 sq.;

Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69;

belief as to warts and the moon in, vi. 149;

Mother-sheaf at harvest in, vii. 135, 209;

custom of sticking pins into a saint's image in, ix. 70;

riddles asked after a burial in, ix. 121 sq., n.;

forecasting the weather for the year in, ix. 323 sq.;

Midsummer fires in, x. 183 sqq.;

stones thrown into the Midsummer fires in, x. 240;

the Yule log in, x. 253;

mistletoe hung over doors of stables and byres in, xi. 287;

fern-seed used by treasure-seekers in, xi. 288

Broceliande, the wild woods of, i. 306

Brochs, prehistoric ruins, x. 291

Brockelmann, C., on the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 116

Brocken, in the Harz mountains, associated with witches, x. 160 n. 1, 171 n. 3

Brodek, in Moravia, drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 257

Bromios, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 2 n. 1

Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, v. 220 sq.

Bronze employed in expiatory rites, iii. 226 n. 6;

priests to be shaved with, iii. 226

—— Age, in Denmark, ii. 351;

rock-carving of the, in Sweden, vii. 129 n. 1

—— knife to cut priest's hair, iii. 14

—— ploughs used by Etruscans at founding cities, iv. 157

Brooke, Rajah, of Sarawak, viii. 211;

supposed to fertilize the rice-crops, i. 361 sq.

Broom, a protective against witchcraft, x. 210

Brooms used to sweep misfortune out of house, ix. 5

Broomstick in rain-making, i. 275

Broomsticks, witches ride on, ix. 162, 163

Brother of a god, v. 51;

dead elder, worshipped, vi. 175

—— and sister not allowed to mention each other's names, iii. 344

“Brother” and “sister,” titles given by men and women to their sex totems, xi. 215, 216, 218

Brotherhood formed with trees by sucking their sap, ii. 19 sq.;

of the Green Wolf at Jumièges in Normandy, x. 185 sq.

See also Blood-brotherhood

Brothers reviled by sisters for good luck, i. 279;

of king put to death on his accession, iii. 243;

childless persons [pg 198] named after their younger, iii. 332, 333;

ancient Egyptian story of the Two, xi. 134 sqq.

Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, iv. 193 sq., v. 44;

in ancient Egypt, vi. 214 sqq.;

their intention to keep the property in the family, vi. 215 sq.

—— -in-law, their names not to be pronounced, iii. 338, 342, 343, 344, 345

Brown, A. R., as to the Andaman Islanders, ii. 254 n.;

on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the causes of childbirth, v. 104 sqq.

Brown, Dr. Burton, on a burial custom of the Nagas, viii. 100 n. 2

Brown, Dr. George, on the magical powers ascribed to chiefs in New Britain, i. 340;

on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, v. 84;

on the annual appearance of the Palolo veridis in the Samoan Sea, ix. 142 n. 1;

on the seclusion of girls at puberty in New Ireland, x. 32 sqq.;

on external soul in Melanesia, xi. 199

Bruck in Styria, the last sheaf called the Corn-mother at, vii. 134

Bructeri, a German tribe, worship a woman, i. 391

Bruges, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70

Brughe, John, his cure for bewitched cattle, x. 324 sq.

Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, vi. 26 n. 1;

on the Sothic period, vi. 37 n.;

on the grave of Osiris at Philae, vi. 111;

on Isis as a personified corn-field, vi. 117

Bruguière, Mgr., on the fear of demons in Siam, ix. 97;

on the annual expulsion of the devil in Siam, ix. 150 sq.

Brund (or brand), the Christmas, the Yule log, x. 257

Brunhild, Queen of Iceland, the wooing of, ii. 306 sq.

Brunnen, Twelfth Night at, ix. 165

Brunshaupten, in Mecklenburg, the Wheat-wolf at harvest at, vii. 274

Brunswick, custom at Whitsuntide in, ii. 56 n. 3;

May King at Whitsuntide in, ii. 84, 85;

the May Bride at Whitsuntide in, ii. 96;

dramatic contest between Summer and Winter in, iv. 257;

toothache nailed into a wall or a tree in, ix. 62;

belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96;

Easter bonfires in, x. 140;

need-fire in, x. 277 sq.

Brushes used in magic, i. 132

Brutus, D. Junius, his mitigation of human sacrifices at graves, iv. 143 n. 4

——, L. Junius, one of the first consuls, ii. 290;

his feigned imbecility, ii. 291

Brutus, the assassin, his meeting with Cicero, i. 5

Bryant, Jacob, and Noah's ark, i. 334

Bubastis, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 5

Bubui River, in German New Guinea, viii. 295

Buch, Max, on a ceremony of the Wotyaks, ii. 146

Buchan, Hallowe'en fires in, x. 232 sq.

Buchanan, Francis, on Burmese nats, ix, 175 sq.

Bûche de Noël, the Yule log, x. 249

Buckie, names tabooed by fishermen in the village of, iii. 395

Buckthorn, a charm against witches on May Day, ii. 54;

a protection against thunderbolts, ii. 191 n. 1;

torch of, at a Roman marriage, ii. 191 n. 1;

a protection against witches, ii. 191, ix. 153 n. 1, 163;

used in making fire by friction, ii. 251;

chewed to keep off ghosts, ix. 153;

used to beat cattle, ix. 266

Buckwheat cultivated in Burma, vii. 242

Bucolium at Athens, vii. 30

Buddha appealed to for rain, i. 251, 299;

image of, whipped in drought, i. 297 n. 7;

images of, drenched as a rain-charm, i. 308;

imitated by a king of Burma, i. 400;

thought to be incarnate in the Grand Lamas, i. 411;

images of, iii. 253;

transmigrations of, viii. 299, 301, ix. 41;

date of his death, viii. 302 n. 7;

in relation to spirits, ix. 97;

offerings to, ix. 150

—— and Buddhism, vi. 159

—— and the crocodile, Indian story, xi. 102 n. 4

——, Footprint of, in Siam, iii. 275

Buddhas, living, i. 410 sq.

Buddhism, Tibetan form of, iii. 20;

spiritual declension of, v. 310 sq.;

in relation to lower religions, ix. 89, 90 n. 1, 94, 95 sqq.;

in Burma, ix. 95 sq.;

the pope of, ix. 223

Buddhist animism not a philosophical theory, ii. 13 sq.

—— Lent, the, ix. 349 sq.

—— monk, who sent his soul out of himself, ii. 49 sq.

—— monks, suicide of, iv. 42 sq.;

ceremony at the funeral of, ix. 175

—— priests expel demons, ix. 116

Buddhists of Ceylon, their propitiation of demons, ix. 90 n. 1;

the Laosians of Siam nominal, ix. 97

Budding of a bean an omen, ii. 344

Budge, E. A. Wallis, on trinities of Egyptian gods, iv. 5 n. 3;

on goddess Net, v. 282 n.;

on an Egyptian funeral rite, vi. 15 n. 2;

on Isis, vi. 115 sq.;

on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 n. 2;

on the [pg 199] solar theory of Osiris, vi. 131 n. 3;

on the historical reality of Osiris, vi. 160 n. 1;

on Khenti-Amenti, vi. 198 n. 2;

on human sacrifices in ancient Egypt, vii. 259 n. 3;

on the shrines of Osiris, vii. 260 n. 2;

on the fear of demons among the ancient Egyptians, ix. 103 sq.

Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, v. 104 sq.

Buecheler, F., his corruption of the text of Petronius, ix. 253 n. 2

Buffalo sacrificed for human victim, vii. 249;

external souls of a clan in a, xi. 151;

a Batta totem, xi. 223

Buffalo-bull, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 289

—— calf, sins of dead transferred to a, ix. 36 sq.

—— clan in Uganda, x. 3

—— dance to ensure a supply of buffaloes, ix. 171

—— Society among the Omahas, i. 249

Buffaloes not to be mentioned by their proper name, iii. 407, 408, 412;

sacrificed instead of young girls, iv. 124;

propitiation of dead, viii. 229, 231;

their death bewailed, viii. 242;

the resurrection of, viii. 256;

revered by the Todas, viii. 314;

as scapegoats, ix. 190, 191;

external human souls in, xi. 207, 208

Buffooneries at the Festival of Fools, ix. 335 sq.

Buginese of Celebes, their homoeopathic charm to ensure longevity, i. 158;

their use of the regalia as a remedy for plague or dearth, i. 363;

their belief as to the blighting effects of incestuous blood, ii. 110;

their custom of swinging at harvest, iv. 277;

ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183

—— sailors, words tabooed to, iii. 413

Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, vi. 253 sq.

Bühl, St. John's fires at, x. 168

Bühler, G., on the identity of the names Perkunas and Parjanya, ii. 367 n. 3;

on Parjanya, ii. 369

Building shadows into foundations, iii. 89 sq.

—— of a canoe, continence at the, iii. 202

—— a house, taboos observed after, ii. 40;

Malay custom as to shadows in, iii. 81

—— houses, magic art resorted to in, ix. 81

—— a new village, continence at, iii. 202

Buir, in district of Cologne, last sheaf shaped like wolf at, vii. 274

Bukaua, the, of German New Guinea, tell stories to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 103 sq., 105;

their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313;

their offerings of first-fruits to the spirits of the dead, viii. 124 sq.;

their belief in demons, ix. 83 sq.;

girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 35;

their rites of initiation, xi. 239 sqq.

Bukowina, the Ruthenians of, i. 198;

witches on St. George's Day in, ii. 335

Bu-ku-rú, ceremonial uncleanness, in Costa Rica, iii. 147, x. 65 n. 1, 86

Bulaa, village in New Guinea, iii. 192 n. 5

Bulawayo, capital of the Matabele, rain-making ceremony at, i. 351;

ceremony of the first-fruits at, viii. 70

Bulebane, in Senegambia, precaution as to the spittle of chiefs at, iii. 289

Buléon, Mgr., on the rite of blood-brotherhood with an animal, quoted by Father H. Trilles, xi. 202 n. 1

Bulgaria, ceremony of adoption in, i. 74;

rain-making in, i. 274;

rolling in the dew on St. George's morning in, ii. 333;

superstition as to milk and butter on St. George's Day in, ii. 339;

building custom in, iii. 89;

marriage customs in, vi. 246;

masquerade at Carnival in, viii. 333 sq.;

cure for fever in, ix. 55; the Yule log in, x. 264 n. 1;

need-fire in, x. 281, 285;

simples and flowers culled on St. John's Day in, xi. 50;

creeping through an arch of vines as a cure in, xi. 180;

creeping under the root of a willow as a cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 180 sq.

See also Bulgarian and Bulgarians

——, Simeon, prince of, xi. 156 sq.

Bulgarian charm for guarding cattle from wolves, iii. 307

—— peasants threaten fruit-trees to make them bear fruit, ii. 21

—— superstition as to crossed legs, iii. 299

—— women, their charm to hoodwink their husbands, i. 149;

their charm to procure offspring on St. George's Day, ii. 344

Bulgarians, their customs as to the last sheaf at harvest, vii. 146;

the Carnival among the, viii. 331 sqq.;

their way of keeping off ghosts, ix. 153 n. 1

Bull sacrificed to Poseidon, i. 46;

blood of, drunk by priestess to procure inspiration, i. 381 sq.;

as emblem of a thunder-god, ii. 368, v. 134 sqq., 136;

sacrificed to the dead, iii. 227;

Pasiphae and the, iv. 71;

as symbol of the sun, iv. 71 sq.;

as type of reproductive energy, iv. 72;

the brazen, of Phalaris, iv. 75;

perhaps the [pg 200] king's crest at Cnossus, iv. 111 sq.;

said to have guided the Samnites, iv. 186 n. 4;

as emblem of generative force, v. 123;

worshipped by the Hittites, v. 123, 132;

Hittite god standing on a, v. 135;

as symbol of thunder and fertility, v. 163 sq.;

the emblem of the Father God, v. 164;

worshipped at Euyuk, v. 164;

testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, v. 276;

in relation to Dionysus, vii. 16 sq., 31;

corn-spirit as, vii. 288 sqq., viii. 8;

sacrificed at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 n. 3;

sacrificed to the dead, viii. 113.

See also Bulls

Bull, black, sacrificed to the dead at Plataea, iv. 95

—— and cow, represented by masked actors, iv. 71

——, live, torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 15, 17, viii. 16

——, sacrifice of, at Egyptian funeral, vi. 15;

to prolong the life of a king, vi. 222;

to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, vi. 238;

at the foundation of a town, vi. 249;

at Magnesia, viii. 7 sq.;

in Mithraic religion, viii. 10;

at festival of new fruits, viii. 68 n. 3;

at tomb of dead chief, viii. 113.

See also Bulls

——, white, sacrificed, ii. 188 sq.;

soul of dead king incarnate in a, vi. 164

Bull-fights and athletic games at festival of new fruits, viii. 66

—— -headed image of the sun, iv. 75, 76, 78

—— -roarers, sacred, used in magical ceremonies to multiply totems, i. 88;

used to make fine weather, i. 265, with note 4;

sounded to make wind blow, i. 324, xi. 232;

whirled at tearing dogs to pieces, vii. 19 n. 1;

whirled to make the crops thrive and to multiply game, vii. 104, 106 sq., 110, xi. 230 sq., 232;

fertilizing virtue attributed to, by savages, vii. 106, xi. 230 sq.;

called the “mother of yams,” vii. 106;

swung at Greek mysteries, vii. 110;

sounded at initiation of lads, viii. 295, xi. 227, 228 sqq., 233 sqq., 240, 241;

swung at kindling of sacred fire, x. 133;

sound of, thought to resemble thunder, xi. 228 sqq.;

sounded at festivals of the dead, xi. 230 n.;

made from trees struck by lightning, xi. 231;

called “thunder and lightning,” xi. 232;

magical instrument for causing thunder, wind, and rain, xi. 233;

sound of, supposed to be the voice of a spirit, xi. 233, 234, 235;

not to be seen by women, xi. 234, 235, 242;

called by name which means a ghost or spirit of the dead, xi. 242;

called by the same name as the monster who swallows lads at initiation, xi. 242;

kept in men's clubhouse, xi. 242;

named after dead men, xi. 242 n. 1

Bull-shaped deities, vii. 3 sqq.

Bull's blood drunk as means of inspiration, i. 381 sq.;

as ordeal, i. 382 n. 1;

bath of, in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sq.

—— hide, bride seated on a, vi. 246;

cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, vi. 249

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, vi. 15 n. 2

Bullets, magical treatment of, i. 110;

magical modes of averting, i. 130;

blessed by St. Hubert used to shoot witches with, x. 315 sq.

Bullock, bewitched, burnt to cause the witch to appear, x. 303

Bullocks as scapegoats, ix. 34, 35

Bulloms, the, of Sierra Leone, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318

Bulls sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157;

husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, v. 163;

sacrificed at caves of Pluto, v. 206;

sacrificed to Persephone, v. 213 n. 1;

sacrificed to dead chiefs, vi. 191;

eaten to make eater brave, viii. 140;

as scapegoats in Cashmeer, ix. 190 n. 5;

as scapegoats in ancient Egypt, ix. 216 sq.

——, sacred, of ancient Egypt, viii. 34 sqq.

Bulmer, J., on concealment of personal names among the aborigines of Victoria, iii. 321

Bundelcund, stopping rain in, i. 296

Bundles of sticks representing ancestors, ii. 214, 216

Bunjil Kraura, a wind-maker of the Kurnai, i. 324

Bunsen, Baron C. C. J., on St. Hippolytus, i. 21 n. 2

Bunyoro, in Central Africa, scapegoats sent to, ix. 195

Bunzlau, district of Silesia, last sheaf made up in shape of ox in, vii. 289 sq.

Burchard, Bishop of Worms, his condemnation of a heathen practice, xi. 191

Bures, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 110 n. 1, 111 n. 1

Burford, in Oxfordshire, Midsummer giant and dragon at, xi. 37

Burgebrach in Bavaria, straw-man burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 232

Burghead, the burning of the Clavie at, iii. 229 sq., x. 266 sq.;

the old rampart at, x. 267 sq.

Burghers or Badagas. See Badagas

[pg 201]

Burglars, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 sq.

Burgundians deposed their kings for failure of the crops, i. 366

Burgundy, Firebrand Sunday in, x. 114

the Yule log in, x. 254

Burial at flood tide, i. 168

alive of unfaithful virgins in Rome and Peru, ii. 228, 244

alive, in other cases, ii. 228 n. 5

at night, iii. 15

of the aged, iv. 11 sq.

in jars, iv. 12 sq.

of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 228

—— of infants, ix. 45

to ensure their rebirth, iv. 199 sq., v. 91, 93 sqq.

—— under a running stream, iii. 15

at cross-roads, v. 93 n. 1

at Gezer, v. 108 sq.

of Osiris in his rites, vi. 88

—— of the wren in the Isle of Man, viii. 318 sq.

Burial customs, certain, perhaps designed to ensure reincarnation, i. 101 sqq.

to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 51,52

—— -grounds, magical stones kept in, i. 163

regarded as holy, ii. 31

deemed sacred, viii. 111

—— rites intended to deceive ghosts or demons, viii. 97 sqq.

Burials, customs as to shadows at, iii. 80 sq.

fictitious, to divert the attention of demons from the real burials, viii. 98 sqq.

passing through narrow openings after, xi. 175 sq., 177 sq., 178 sq.

Buring Une, a Kayan goddess, vii. 93

Burkitt, Professor F. C., on Jesus Barabbas, ix. 420 n. 1

Burlesques of ecclesiastical ritual, ix. 336 sq.

Burma, magical images in, i. 62 sq.

the Shans of, i. 128, 308

the Karens or Karennis of, i. 209, ii. 69, 107, iii. 13, 43, 250, 252, 292, iv. 130 n. 1, vii. 10, 189, xi. 157

rain-making by means of fish in, i. 288 sq.

king of, claims divinity, i. 400 sq.

the En of, ii. 41

Sagaing district of, ii. 46

Kengtung in, ii. 150

the Kachins of, ii. 237, iii. 200, viii. 120

fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 n. 4

kings of, screened from public gaze, iii. 125 sq.

the Sotih of, iii. 237

royal princes executed without bloodshed in, iii. 242

the Sgaus of, iii. 337

names of the kings of, not to be pronounced by their subjects, iii. 375

the Bghais of, vi. 60

securing the rice-soul in, vii. 189 sqq.

the Taungthu of, vii. 190

the Szis of Upper, vii. 203 sq.

custom of threshing rice in, vii. 203 sq.

head-hunting in, vii. 256

offering of first-fruits to the king of, viii. 116;

the Chins of, viii. 121;

ravages of rats in, viii. 282 n. 8;

sacred fish in, viii. 291;

heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12;

belief in demons in, ix. 95 sq.;

expulsion of demons in, ix. 116 sq.;

the tug-of-war in, ix. 175 sq.

Burmese, their conception of the soul as a butterfly, iii. 51 sq.;

their belief as to ghosts of men who have died a violent death, iii. 90;

their conduct during an earthquake, v. 201

—— cure by burying effigy of sick man, viii. 103

—— custom on return from a funeral, iii. 51

—— doctrine of nats, ix. 175

—— Lent, ix. 349 sq.

—— mode of rain-making, i. 284;

of disposing of cut hair and nails, iii. 277

—— recall of lost soul, iii. 51 sq.

—— superstitions as to the head, iii. 253

Burne, Miss C. S., on Devonshire custom of “crying the neck,” vii. 266

——, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson, on “Souling Day” in Shropshire, vi. 78 sq.;

on the fear of witchcraft in Shropshire, x. 342 n. 4

Burning refuse of food as a magical means of causing the eater to fall ill, i. 341;

of sacred trees or poles, ii. 141 sq.;

of cut hair and nails to prevent them being used in sorcery, iii. 281 sqq.;

of Melcarth, v. 110 sqq.;

of Sandan and Hercules, v. 117 sqq., 388 sqq.;

of Cilician gods, v. 170 sq.;

of Sardanapalus, v. 172 sqq.;

of Croesus, v. 174 sqq.;

of a god, v. 188 sq.;

of last sheaf of corn, vii. 146;

of the Clavie at Burghead, x. 266 sq.;

of a bewitched animal or part of it to cause the witch to appear, x. 303, 305, 307 sq.;

of human beings in the fires, xi. 21 sqq.;

of live animals at spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 sqq.;

the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 sq., 43 sq.;

of human victims annually, xi. 286 n. 2

—— alive as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 243;

human victims to prolong king's life, vi. 226;

human victims of Fire-god, ix. 301;

animals to stay cattle-plague, x. 300 sqq.

—— effigies of the Carnival, iv. 223, 224, 228 sq., 229 sq., 232 sq.;

of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 227 sqq.;

of Winter at Zurich, iv. 260 sq.;

in the Midsummer fires, x. 195

—— the Easter Man, x. 144

“—— the Old Wife (Old Woman),” x. 116, 120

[pg 202]

Burning the Old Witch, vii. 224

“—— the Old Year,” at Biggar, ix. 165;

among the Biyars of North-Western India, ix. 230 n. 7

—— the Witches (invisible or represented by effigies) on May Day in the Isle of Man, ii. 54, x. 157, in the Tyrol, ix. 158 sq.;

on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 161, x. 159, in Silesia and Saxony, ix. 161, x. 160;

on Twelfth Night in Herefordshire, ix. 319;

on the first Sunday in Lent in Luxemburg, the Tyrol, and Swabia, x. 116, in Switzerland, x. 118 sq.;

on Beltane (May Day) in Scotland, x. 154;

at Hallowe'en in Scotland, x. 232 sq.;

“Burning the Witches” name for fires of European festivals, xi. 43

—— witches (in flesh and blood) among the Baganda, ix. 19;

at Leith, ix. 165;

in Germany, x. 6;

after shaving them, xi. 158

Burning discs thrown into the air, x. 116 sq., 119, 143, 165, 166, 168 sq., 172

—— -glass or mirror, fire kindled by, ii. 207 n. 1, 243, 244 n. 1

—— wheels rolled down hill, x. 116, 117 sq., 119, 141, 143, 161, 162 sq., 163 sq., 166, 173, 174, 201, 328, 334, 337 sq.;

rolled over fields at Midsummer to fertilize them, x. 191, 340, sq.;

perhaps to burn witches, x. 345

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, v. 177 sq.;

for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, v. 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, v. 230 sq.;

“bonny woods and braes” of Loudon, x. 207;

on Hallowe'en, x. 234

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, v. 179 sq.

—— Land of Lydia, v. 193 sq.

—— sacrifices to stay cattle-plague in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300 sqq.

Burrha, river, Hera's bath in the, v. 280

Burs, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144;

a preservative against witchcraft, x. 177

Buru, East Indian island, sacrifice of girl to crocodile in, ii. 152;

oil made by unmarried girls in, iii. 201;

natives of, forbidden to utter their own names, iii. 324;

names of relations tabooed among the Alfoors of, iii. 341;

unlawful to use words resembling the names of the dead in, iii. 361;

use of oil as a charm in, v. 21 n. 2;

the natives of, ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183;

“eating the soul of the rice” in, viii. 54;

dog's flesh eaten to make eater brave in, viii. 145;

demons of sickness expelled in a proa from, ix. 186

Buryat shaman, his mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 56 sq.

Buryats of Siberia place the bones of dead shamans in trees, ii. 32

“Burying the Carnival,” iv. 209, 220 sqq.

—— bewitched animals alive, x. 324 sqq.

—— the evil spirit, ix. 110

—— girls at puberty in the ground, x. 38 sqq.

“—— the sheaf” in Ireland, i. 69

Bush negroes of Surinam set up two-headed idols at entrance of villages, ii. 385;

their belief that leprosy is caused by eating a certain animal, viii. 26

Bushes, ailments transferred to, ix. 54, 56

Bushmen, magical telepathy among the, i. 123;

of the Kalahari desert, their fire sticks, ii. 218 n. 1;

custom as to their shadows, iii. 83;

think it unlucky to speak of the lion by his proper name, iii. 400;

their rules of diet based on sympathetic magic, viii. 140 sq.;

will not let their children eat a jackal's heart, viii. 141;

unable to distinguish between animals and men, viii. 206;

will not eat the sinew in the thigh of a hare, viii. 266 n. 1;

throw stones on the devil's grave, ix. 16;

their prayers at a cairn, ix. 30;

their dread of menstruous women, x. 79;

their way of warming up the star Sirius, x. 332 sq.

Bushongo, royal persons among the, not allowed to set foot on the ground, x. 4;

their use of bull-roarers, xi. 229;

their rites of initiation, xi. 264 sqq.

Busiris, an Egyptian city, “the house of Osiris,” iii. 390, vii. 260;

backbone of Osiris at, vi. 11, 18;

ritual of Osiris at, vi. 86, 87 sq.;

festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, vi. 108;

temple of Usirniri at, vi. 151

——, king of Egypt, his human sacrifices, vii. 259;

slain by Hercules, vii. 259

Busiro, district containing the graves and temples of the kings of Uganda, vi. 168, 169, 224

Busk, festival of first-fruits among the Creek Indians, viii. 72

Busoga, pretended human sacrifice in, iv. 215

Bust, double-headed, at Nemi, i. 41 sq.

Bustard totem of the Ingarda, v. 104

Butea frondosa worshipped, viii. 119;

its flowers offered, ix. 136

Butlers, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 sq., 205

Buto, city in Egypt, Horus and Isis at, vi. 10

Butter, time for making, i. 167;

stolen by witches on May Day, ii. 53;

stolen by witches on Walpurgis Night and Midsummer Eve, ii. 127;

thought to [pg 203] be improved by the Midsummer fires, x. 180;

bewitched, burnt at a crossroad, x. 322

“Butter-churning,” Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, x. 279

Butterflies, souls of dead in, vi. 164, viii. 290, 291, 296 sq.;

annual expulsion of, ix. 159 n. 1

Butterfly, the soul as a, iii. 29 n. 1, 41, 51 sq.

—— of the rice, vii. 190

Butterfly dance in Brazil, ix. 381

—— god in Samoa, viii. 29

Buttmann, Ph., on Virbius and the King of the Wood, i. 40 n. 2;

on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 n. 3;

on the derivation of janua from Janus, ii. 384 n. 2

Büttner, C. G., on the firesticks of the Herero, ii. 218

Button-snake root used as a purgative, viii. 73, 75

Buzzard, the bald-headed, in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;

killing the sacred, viii. 169 sqq.

Byblus, hair offerings to Astarte at, i. 30;

Adonis at, v. 13 sqq.;

the kings of, v. 14 sqq.;

mourning for Adonis at, v. 38;

religious prostitution at, v. 58;

inspired prophets at, v. 75 sq.;

festival of Adonis at, v. 225;

Osiris and Isis at, vi. 9;

the queen of, vi. 9;

Osiris associated with, vi. 22 sq., 127;

its relation to Egypt, vi. 127 n. 1

Byrne, H. J., on Twelfth Night in Roscommon, ix. 321 sq.

Byron, Lord, and the oak, xi. 166

Byrsa, origin of the name, vi. 250

Cabag Head, witches at, i. 135

Cabbages, charm to make cabbages grow, i. 136 sq.;

divination by, at Hallowe'en, i. 242;

threatened by Esthonian peasants to make them grow, ii. 22.

See also Kail

Cabugatan, in the Philippine Islands, the Igorrots of, viii. 292

Cabunian, Mount, grave of the Creator on, iv. 3

Cachar, the Kookies of, i. 160 n. 3

Cacongo, in West Africa, rules observed by the king of, iii. 115, 118

Cactus, taboos observed by the Huichol Indians during their search for the sacred, i. 123 sq.;

hung at door of house where there is a lying-in woman, iii. 155

Cadiz, death at low tide at, i. 167;

custom of swinging at, iv. 284

Cadmea, the, at Thebes, named after Cadmus, iv. 79

Cadmus, servitude of, for the slaughter of the dragon, iv. 70 n. 1, 78;

the slayer of the dragon at Thebes, iv. 78 sq.;

seeks Europa and founds Thebes, iv. 88;

at Samothrace, iv. 89 n. 4;

turned into a snake, v. 86 sq.;

perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes vi. 241

Cadmus and Harmonia, their transformation into serpents, iv. 84;

marriage of, iv. 88, 89

——, Mount, v. 207

Cadys, king of Lydia, ii. 281;

his son Sadyattes, v. 183

Caeculus born from the fire, ii. 197;

son of the fire-god Vulcan, vi. 235

Caeles Vibenna, an Etruscan, ii. 196 n.

Caelian hill at Rome, ii. 185, 190

Caesar, Julius, robs Capitoline Jupiter, i. 4;

his villa at Nemi, i. 5;

his beneficent rule, i. 216;

on the Hercynian forest, ii. 7;

as to German observation of the moon, vi. 141;

his regulation of the calendar, vi. 37, vii. 83 sq., ix. 345;

on the fortification walls of the Gauls, x. 267;

on human sacrifices among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32

Caesar, Lucius, his villa at Nemi, i. 5

Caesarea. See Everek

Caesars, their name derived from caesaries, ii. 180

Caffre boys at circumcision, customs observed by, iii, 156 sq.

—— girls, their remedy for a plague of caterpillars, viii. 280

—— hunters, their ceremonies after killing a lion, iii. 220;

their propitiation of the elephants which they kill, viii. 227

—— kings turn at death into boa-constrictors, iv. 84

—— villages, women's tracks at, x. 80

Caffres, their rule as to eating mice, i. 118;

corpulence a mark of rank among the, ii. 297;

race for a bride among the, ii. 303;

their superstitions as to their shadows, iii. 78 sq., 83, 87;

think that the shadows of trees are sensitive, iii. 82;

expiation performed by man who had killed a boa-constrictor among the, iii. 221 sq.;

their horror of the pollution of blood, iii. 245 sq.;

their custom as to the blood of sacrifice, iii. 247;

their disposal of their cut hair and nails, iii. 278;

their use of knots as a charm on a journey, iii. 306;

their custom of boiling a thief's name, iii. 331;

call brides after their future children, iii. 333;

“women's speech” among the, iii. 335 sq.;

their purificatory ceremonies after a battle, vi. 251 sq.;

their festival of new fruits, viii. 64 [pg 204] sqq.;

inoculation with powdered charcoal among the, viii. 159 sq.;

their custom of fumigating infants, viii. 166 sq.;

will not eat the sinew of the thigh, viii. 266 n. 1;

their custom of adding stones to heaps, ix. 11;

their prayers at cairns, ix. 30

Caffres of Natal, their rain-charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290;

their festival of first-fruits, viii. 64 sqq.

—— of Sofala, their dread of hollow things, i. 157 sq.

—— of South Africa, ix. 11, 30;

their way of stopping a high wind, i. 321 sq.;

their superstition as to shadows, iii. 87;

purified after battle, iii. 172, 174 sq.;

their belief and custom as to falling stars, iv. 65;

date their new year by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 116, 315 sq.;

woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 116;

transfer sickness from men to goats, ix. 31;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 30;

use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 n., 232

—— of the Zambesi region believe that human souls transmigrate after death into animals, viii. 288 sq.

Cages, girls at puberty confined in, x. 32 sqq., 44, 45

Caidu, a Tartar king, ii. 306

Caiem, the caliph, iv. 8

Cailleach (Old Wife), name given to last corn cut, vii. 140 sqq., 164 sqq.

—— beal-tine, the Beltane carline, x. 148

Caingua Indians of Paraguay, their fire customs, ii. 258 sq.;

their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 285 sq.

Cairns, cut hair buried in, iii. 274 sq.;

to which every passer-by adds a stone, ix. 9 sqq.;

near shrines of saints, ix. 21;

offerings at, ix. 26 sqq.

See also Heaps

Cairnshee, in Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires on, x. 206

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, vi. 38, 39 sq.;

the old south gate of, ix. 63;

cure for toothache and headache at, ix. 63

Caithness, the cutter of the last sheaf called Winter in, vii. 142;

need-fire in, x. 290 sqq.

Cajaboneros Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before sowing, ii. 105

Cajanus Indicus, pulse, cultivated by the Korwas, vii. 123

Cake called the Christmas Boar, vii. 302 sq.;

with coin in it at Carnival, omens drawn from, viii. 332;

on Twelfth Night used to determine the King, ix. 313 sqq.;

put on horn of ox, ix. 318 sq.;

St. Michael's, x. 149, 154 n. 3;

salt, divination by, x. 238 sq.;

the Yule or Christmas, x. 257, 259, 261

Cakes rolled as a mode of divination on St. George's Day, ii. 338;

in obscene shapes, vii. 62;

in human form, vii. 149;

special, baked at threshing, vii. 150;

of dough at the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 sq.;

as substitutes for animal victims, viii. 25;

in the form of animals, viii. 95 n. 2;

sacrificial, baked of new barley or rice, viii. 120;

made at Christmas out of last sheaf in form of goats, rams, or boars, viii. 328;

special, at New Year, ix. 149 sq.;

with twelve knobs offered to Cronus and other deities, ix. 351, 351 n. 3;

Hallowe'en, x. 238, 241, 245;

Beltane, x. 148 sq., 150, 152, 153, 154, 155;

divination by, x. 242, 243

Calabar, fetish king at, iii. 22 sq.;

soul of chief in sacred grove at, xi. 161;

negroes of, their belief in external or bush souls lodged in animals, xi. 204 sqq., 220, 222 n. 5;

the fattening-house for girls in, xi. 259

—— district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, vi. 104

——, Old, sacred grove of, ii. 42;

annual expulsion of demons at, viii. 108;

biennial expulsion of demons at, ix. 203 sq.

—— River, iv. 197, ix. 28

Calabash, ceremony of breaking the, at festival of new fruits, viii. 68 n. 3

Calabashes, souls shut up in, iii. 72

Calabria, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” in, iv. 241;

custom of swinging in, iv. 284;

Easter custom in, v. 254;

murderers taste the blood of their victims in, viii. 156;

annual expulsion of witches in, ix. 157;

holy water at Easter in, x. 123

Calah, ancient capital of Assyria, annual marriage of the god Nabu at, ii. 130

Calamities, almost all, set down to witchcraft, xi. 19 sq.

Caland, Dr. W., on the magical nature of Vedic ritual, i. 229

Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, v. 203 n. 2

Calbe, in the Altmark, the He-goat at harvest near, vii. 287

Calchaquis Indians of Paraguay, their way of keeping off death, iii. 31

Calcutta, keys as amulets in, iii. 236

Caldwell, Bishop R., on devil-dancers in Southern India, i. 382

Calenberg, holy oak near, ii. 371

Calendar, regulation of the early, an [pg 205] affair of religion, iv. 69, vii. 83;

the natural, vi. 25;

change in Chinese, x. 137;

the reform of the, in relation to floral superstitions, xi. 55 n. 1

Calendar, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, vi. 84;

used by Theophanes, ix. 395 n. 1

—— of the primitive Aryans, ix. 325

——, the Babylonian, ix. 398 n. 2

—— of the Celts of Gaul, ix. 342 sq.

——, the Coligny, i. 17 n. 2, ix. 342 sqq.

——, the Coptic, vi. 6 n. 3

——, the Egyptian, vi. 24 sqq.;

date of its introduction, vi. 36 n. 2

—— of the Egyptian farmer, vi. 30 sqq.

—— of Esne, vi. 49 sq.

——, the ancient Greek, determined by astronomical considerations, iv. 68 sq.;

regulated by the moon and of little use to the husbandman, vii. 52 sq., 80

—— of the Indians of San Juan Capistrano in California, vii. 125 sq.

——, the Julian, vi. 93 n. 1;

used by Mohammedans, x. 218 sq.

—— of the Maya Indians of Yucatan, vi. 29 n., ix. 171

—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, vi. 28 n. 3

——, the Mohammedan, x. 216 sq., 218 sq.

—— of Philocalus, v. 303 n. 2, 304 n. 3, vi. 95 n. 1

——, the Roman, vii. 83 sq.

——, the Syro-Macedonian, iv. 116

Calendars, the Roman Rustic, vi. 95 n. 1;

the Pleiades in primitive, vii. 307 sqq.;

conflict of, x. 218

Calendeau, calignau, the Yule-log at Marseilles, x. 250

Calf shod in buskins sacrificed to Dionysus, vii. 33;

the genitals of, served up to man who gave last stroke at threshing, vii. 148;

killed at harvest, vii. 290;

mythical, in the corn, vii. 292;

name applied to bunch of corn on harvest-field, vii. 292;

sacrifice of buffalo, viii. 314;

burnt alive to stop a murrain, x. 300 sq.

See also Calves

Calica Puran, an Indian law-book, i. 63, iv. 217

Calicut, rule of succession observed by the kings of, iv. 47 sqq., 206;

ceremonies at sowing in, ix. 235

California, the Digger Indians of, viii. 164

——, the Karok Indians of, vi. 47, viii. 255

——, the Maidu Indians of, i. 122, 357, xi. 295, 298

——, the Nishinam tribe of, iii. 338

California, the Pomos of, ix. 170 sq.

——, the Senal Indians of, xi. 295

——, the Yuki Indians of, i. 133

Californian Indians, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331;

secrecy of personal names among the, iii. 326;

names of the dead not mentioned among the, iii. 352;

their custom as to meteors, iv. 62;

eat pine nuts, v. 278 n. 2;

their annual festivals of the dead, vi. 52 sq.;

their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,” vi. 111 n. 1;

women's work among the Indians of San Juan Capistrano, vii. 125;

their calendar, vii. 125 sq.;

their custom of killing the sacred buzzard, viii. 169 sqq.;

their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 286 sq.;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 41 sqq.;

ordeals among the, x. 64

—— missions, the Spanish, viii. 171 n. 1

Caligula, his barges on the lake of Nemi, i. 5;

and the priest of Nemi, i. 11;

and King Agrippa, ix. 418

Callander, the parish of, Beltane fires in, x. 150 sqq.;

Hallowe'en fires in, x. 231

Callaway, Rev. Henry, on chiefs as medicine-men, i. 350 n. 2;

on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, vi. 184 sq.;

on the observation of the Pleiades by the Amazulu, vii. 316

Callias, the Eleusinian Torch-bearer, vii. 54, 73 n. 3

Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, v. 214 sqq.

Callo, a holy spirit among the Gallas, i. 396

Calmucks, race for bride among the, ii. 301 sq.;

divine by shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 n. 4

See also Kalmucks

Calotropis gigantea, man married to, in Southern India, ii. 57 n. 4

—— procera, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 209

Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, vi. 232 sq.

Caltanisetta, in Sicily, violence done to St. Michael at, i. 300

Calves, unborn, sacrifice of, viii. 42;

burnt to stop disease in the herds, x. 301, 306.

See also Calf

Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, v. 167 n. 2

Calymnos, a Greek island, superstition as to menstruous women in, x. 96 sq.;

Midsummer fires in, x. 212

Camasene and Janus, vi. 235 n. 6

Cambaita, custom of religious suicide at, iv. 54

Cambodia, mode of annulling evil omens in, i. 170 sqq.;

custom as to effacing impressions of pots in ashes in, i. 214;

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the Chams of, i. 280;

the regalia regarded as a palladium in, i. 365;

human incarnations of gods in, i. 385 sq.;

special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i. 401 n. 3;

Kings of Fire and Water in, ii. 3 sqq., iii. 17, iv. 14;

the King of, sends presents to the Kings of Fire and Water, ii. 5;

sacred trees in, ii. 46;

use of fire kindled by lightning in, ii. 256 n. 1;

kings of, not to be touched, iii. 226;

the king of, ceremony at cutting his hair, iii. 265;

kings of, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 376;

annual temporary king in, iv. 148 sq.;

annual festival of the dead in, vi. 61 sq.;

the Banars of, viii. 33;

vicarious use of effigies to save sick people in, viii. 103;

the Stiens of, viii. 237;

annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 149;

palace of the kings of, annually purged of devils, ix. 172;

seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 70;

ritual at cutting a parasitic orchid in, xi. 81

Cambodian hunter, homoeopathic magic used by, i. 109 sq.

—— or Siamese story of the external soul, xi. 102

Cambodians, their superstitions as to the head, iii. 254

Cambridge, the May Lady at, ii. 62;

Jack-in-the-Green at, ii. 83 n. 1;

personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, preserved at, vi. 197;

ancient customs in, vii. 146;

Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n. 1;

Lord of Misrule at, ix. 330

Cambridgeshire, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 203;

permanent May-pole in, ii. 71 n. 1;

the Straw-bear in, viii. 329;

Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n. 1;

witch as cat in, x. 317

Cambulac (Peking), Marco Polo as to, iii. 243 sq.

Cambus o' May, near Ballater, holed stone at, xi. 187

Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, v. 176 n. 2

Camden, W., on Irish precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 53;

on custom observed by the Irish when they fall, iii. 68

Camel, plague transferred to, ix. 33

Camel-races in honour of the dead, iv. 97

Camels not called by their proper name, iii. 402;

infested by jinn, ix. 260

Cameron, Hugh E., on the harvest Maiden in Inverness-shire, vii. 162 n. 3

Cameron, V. L., on divinity claimed by an African chief, i. 395

Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, v. 299 n. 2

Cameroons, chiefs as fetish-men in the, i. 349;

the Ngumbu of the, ii. 210;

the Duala tribe of the, iv. 130 n. 1;

the Bakundu of the, viii. 99;

expulsion of the spirits of disease in the, ix. 120 sq.;

life of person bound up with tree in the, xi. 161;

theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200, 202 sq.

Camillus, his triumph, ii. 174 n. 2

Camomile (Anthemis nobilis) burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213;

sacred to Balder, xi. 63;

gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63

Camp shifted after a death, iii. 353

Campbell, Rev. John, on Bechuana superstition as to trees and rain, ii. 49;

on refusal of Bechuanas to tell stories before sunset, iii. 384;

on Coranna treatment of the sick, xi. 192, 192 n. 1

Campbell, Major-General John, on Khond human sacrifices, vii. 248, 250

Campbell, Rev. J. G., on the Harvest Old Wife in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 140, 165 sq.;

on deiseal, x. 151 n.

Campe, near Stade, the Fox in the corn at, vii. 296

Camphor, taboos observed in search for, i. 114 sq.;

telepathy in search for, i. 124 sq.;

special language employed by searchers for, iii. 405 sqq.;

custom observed in the search for, viii. 186 n.

Camphor-trees, ceremonies at cutting down, iii. 406

Campo di Giove, in the Abruzzi, Easter candles at, x. 122

—— Santo at Pisa, contest between angels and devils in the, ix. 175

Camul, custom as to hospitality in, v. 39 n. 3

Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, v. 17

Canaanites, their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, iv. 168

Canada, Indians of, their belief that winds are caused by a fish, i. 320;

capture of souls by wizards among the, iii. 73;

kept their names secret, iii. 326;

their ceremony for mitigating the cold of winter, iv. 259 sq.;

kept the bones of beavers from dogs, viii. 239 sq.;

would not eat the embryos of elks from fear of offending the mother-elks, viii. 243

Cañar (Cuenca), in Ecuador, human sacrifices at harvest in, vii. 236

Canarese of South India, their euphemisms for a tiger, iii. 402

Canarium nuts, first-fruits of, offered to ghosts in Solomon Islands, viii. 126

Canary Islands, rain-making in the, by beating the sea, i. 301

[pg 207]

Canathus, Hera's annual bath in the spring of, v. 280

Cancer, Tropic of, vii. 125

Candaules, king of Lydia, murdered by Gyges, ii. 281;

descended from Hercules, ii. 282;

and the double-headed axe, v. 182, 183

Candle sent by Fire King to the King of Cambodia, ii. 5 sq.;

virginity tested by flame of, ii. 240, x. 139 n.;

the Easter or Paschal, x. 121, 122, 125;

divination by the flame of a, at Hallowe'en, x. 229;

the Yule or Christmas, x. 255, 256, 260;

external soul in a, xi. 125 sq.

See also Candles

—— and apple, biting at, a Hallowe'en sport, x. 241, 242, 243, 245

Candlemas (February 2nd), dances at, to make flax grow tall, i. 138;

Bridget's bed on the night before, ii. 94, 242;

pea-soup and pigs' bones eaten at, vii. 300;

dances for the crops at, ix. 238;

Lord of Misrule at, ix. 332, 333;

in the Armenian church, bonfires at, x. 131;

the Yule log at, x. 256 n.

—— candles, x. 264 n. 4

Candles, Catholic practice of dedicating, i. 13;

magical, used by burglars to cause sleep, i. 148, 149;

made of human tallow and used by thieves, i. 236;

lighted, tied to sacred oak, ii. 372;

twelve, on Twelfth Night, ix. 321 sq.;

burnt at the Feast of Purim, ix. 394;

used to keep off witches, x. 245

Candy, sugar, in homoeopathic magic, i. 157

Canelos Indians of Ecuador, afraid of being photographed, iii. 97;

their belief in the transmigration of human souls into jaguars, viii. 285

Canicular year, a Sothic period, vi. 36 n. 2

Cannibal banquets of the ancient Mexicans, viii. 92, ix. 279 n. 1, 283, 298

—— feast, legendary, at the Boeotian Orchomenus, iv. 164

—— orgies among the Indians of North-West America, vii. 18 sqq.

—— societies in ancient Greece and Africa, iv. 83;

among the Indians of North-West America, vii. 20 sq.

—— Spirit among the Haida Indians, vii. 21

Cannibalism, in Australia, perhaps intended to ensure the reincarnation of the dead, i. 106 sq.;

at hair-cutting in Fiji, iii. 264;

in certain cases perhaps intended to form a blood-covenant with the dead, viii. 156

Cannibals, taboos imposed on, among the Kwakiutl Indians, iii. 188 sqq.;

a secret society of the Kwakiutl Indians, vii. 20

Cannons, toy, as regalia, i. 364

Canoe, fish offered to, iii. 195

Canoes, continence observed at building, iii. 202

Canopus, town in Egypt, the decree of, vi. 27, 34 n. 1, 37 n., 88 n. 2

Canopus, star, observed by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308

—— and Sirius in Bushman lore, x. 333

Cantabrian coast of Spain, belief as to death at ebb-tide on the, i. 167

Cantabrians, mother-kin among the, ii. 285

Canton, the province of, the Hak-Ka in, ix. 144

——, violence done to the rain-god at, in time of drought or excessive rain, i. 299

Canute, King of England, his marriage with Emma, ii. 282 sq.

Capaneus and Evadne, v. 177 n. 3

Capart, Jean, on palettes found in Egyptian tombs, xi. 155 n. 3

Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, v. 102

—— Coast Castle, on the Gold Coast, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 132 sq.

—— Padron, in Guinea, priestly king near, iii. 5

—— Vancouver, iii. 228, viii. 249 n. 1

—— York Peninsula in Queensland, extraction of teeth among the natives of, i. 99, 100;

the Gudangs of, iii. 346, 359;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the natives of, x. 37, 38

Capena, the Porta, at Rome, i. 18

Caper-spurge (Euphorbia lathyris) burned on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 sq.;

identified with mythical springwort, xi. 69

Capillary attraction in magic, i. 83

Capital of column, external soul in, xi. 156 sq.

Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, v. 290 n. 2

Capitol at Rome, temple of Jupiter on the, ii. 174, 176, 184;

image of Jupiter on the, ii. 175;

built by Romulus, ii. 176;

Jupiter worshipped on the, ii. 361;

ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, vi. 244;

the oak of Jupiter on the, xi. 89

—— at Cirta, image of Jupiter on the, ii. 177

Capitoline hill, Jupiter on the, ii. 184;

hut of Romulus on the, ii. 200

Cappadocia, volcanic region of, v. 189 sqq.;

fire-worship in, v. 191 sq.;

the fire-walk at Castabala in, xi. 14

Capri, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin in, x. 220 sq.

[pg 208]

Capricorn, Tropic of, vii. 125;

time when the sun enters the, xi. 1

Caprificatio, ii. 314 n. 2

Caprification, the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ix. 257.

See Fig-tree

Caprificus, the wild fig-tree, ii. 314 sq., ix. 258

Caps of clay worn by Australian widows in mourning, iii. 182 n. 2;

worn by Aino mourners, x. 20

Captives killed and eaten, iii. 179 sq.;

unbound in house of Flamen Dialis, iii. 316

Car Nicobar, charm to make sunshine in, i. 314;

exorcism in, v. 299 n. 2;

annual expulsion of devils in, ix. 201 sq.

Carabas and Barabbas, ix. 418 sq.

Caramantran, death of, on Ash Wednesday in Provence, iv. 226

Carayahis, tribe of Brazilian Indians, dialectical differences in the speech of men and women among the, iii. 348 sq.

Carberry Kinncat, king of Ireland, misfortunes of his reign, i. 367 sq.

Carcassone, hunting the wren at, viii. 320 sq.

Carceri, Father S., on the sacred king of the Nubas, iii. 132 n. 1

Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, v. 123, 137 n. 2, 138 n.

Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls' Day in, vi. 80

Cardiganshire, Hallowe'en in, x. 226

Carew, R., on a Cornish custom, iv. 154 n. 1

Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, v. 182;

poisonous vapours in, v. 205 sq.

Carian Chersonese, viii. 85

Carians, their mournings for Osiris, vi. 86 n. 1

Caribou, taboos concerning, iii. 208

Caribs, war custom of the, i. 134;

difference of language between men and women among the, iii. 348;

their worship of the moon in preference to the sun, vi. 138;

woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 120;

their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139 sq.;

young warriors among the, ate the heart of a bird of prey to acquire courage, viii. 162;

their theory of the plurality of souls, xi. 221

Carinthia, Green George in, ii. 75, 343;

bride-race in, ii. 304;

ceremony at the installation of a prince of, iv. 154 sq.;

harvest custom in, vii. 224 sq.;

new fire at Easter in, x. 124

Caripunas Indians of Brazil, use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 n.

Carley, the last bunch of corn at harvest in Antrim, vii. 144

Carlin or Carline, “the Old Woman,” female figure formed out of the last corn cut at harvest, vii. 140

Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, v. 229 n. 1

Carman (Wexford), the fair of, iv. 100, 101

Carmichael, Alexander, on need-fire, x. 293 sqq.;

on snake-stones, xi. 311

Carmona, in Andalusia, annual ceremony observed by disguised boys at, ix. 173

Carn Brea, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199

Carna, nymph, won by Janus, ii. 190, vi. 235 n. 6

Carnac, in Egypt, temples at, vi. 124;

sculptures at, vi. 154.

See also Karnak

Carnarvonshire, the cutty black sow at Hallowe'en in, x. 240

Carniola, “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 242

Carnival, dances at the, to make hemp grow tall, i. 137;

a sort of, at Fazoql on the Blue Nile, iv. 17;

burying the, iv. 209, 220 sqq.;

the burial and resurrection of the, an expression of the death and revival of vegetation, iv. 252;

swings taken down at, iv. 287;

at Rome in the rites of Attis, v. 273;

modern Thracian drama at the, vi. 99 sq., vii. 26 sqq., viii. 331 sqq.;

similar masquerade in Bulgaria at, viii. 333 sq.;

bell-ringing processions at the, ix. 247;

Senseless Thursday in, ix. 248;

in relation to the Saturnalia, ix. 312, 345 sqq.;

effigy burnt at end of, x. 120;

wicker giants at the, xi. 35

—— and Purim, ix. 394

—— or Shrovetide Bear in Bohemia, viii. 325 sq.

“—— (Shrovetide) Fool,” iv. 231

Carnmoor, in Mull, need-fire kindled on, x. 289 sq.

Carnwath, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires at, x. 199

Carolina, Indians of, king's son wounded among the, iv. 184 sq.;

their fear of harming snakes, viii. 217

Caroline Islands, treatment of the navel-string in the, i. 184 sq.;

Ponape in the, i. 401 n. 3, iii. 25, 259, 362;

Uap (Yap) in the, iii. 193, 227, 282, 290, 293, vi. 265, x. 36;

taboos on fishermen in the, iii. 193;

wizards in the, iii. 290;

traditionary origin of fire in the, xi. 295

Caron's Account of Japan, iii. 4 n. 2

Carp clan of the Otawa Indians, viii. 225 n. 1

Carpathian Mountains, the Huzuls of the, i. 113, 137, 280, iii. 270, 314, 396, 397, viii. 43 n. 1, 275, ix. 32 sq., xi. 49;

[pg 209]

Midsummer fires in the, x. 175;

need-fire in the, x. 281

Carpathus, fear of having one's likeness taken in, iii. 100;

laying out of corpses in, iii. 313 sq.

See also Karpathos

Carpenter, son of, as a human god, i. 376

Carpentras in Provence, rain-making at, i. 307

Carpet-snakes, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90

Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, v. 293

Carrier Indians of North-Western America, their magic to snare martens, i. 110;

their contagious magic of footprints, i. 210;

their chastity before hunting, iii. 197;

confession of sins among the, iii. 215;

their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, iii. 367 sq.;

succession to the soul among the, iv. 199;

their regard for the bones of martens and beavers, viii. 238 sq.;

funeral custom of the, x. 11;

their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 91 sqq.;

their honorific totems, xi. 273 sqq.

“Carrying out Death,” iv. 221, 233 sqq., 246 sqq., ix. 227 sq., 230, 252

Carthage, Christians worshipping each other at, i. 407;

legend and worship of Dido at, v. 113 sq.;

Hamilcar worshipped at, v. 116;

the suffetes of, v. 116 n. 1;

rites of Cybele at, v. 274 n.;

the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, v. 298;

legend as to the foundation of, vi. 250

Carthaginian sacrifice of children to Moloch, iv. 75;

to Baal, iv. 167 sq.

Carver, Captain Jonathan, on the rite of death and resurrection among the Naudowessies, xi. 267 sq.

Casablanca in Morocco, ix. 21;

Midsummer fires at, x. 214