General Index (continued 15)

ceremony of pardoning a prisoner on Ascension Day at, ii. 166 sqq., ix. 215 sq.

Roumania, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 273 sq.;

festival of Green George among the gipsies of, ii. 75 sq.;

the Jews of, their custom at hard labour in childbirth, iii. 298

Roumanians of Transylvania, their precautions against witches on St. George's Day, ii. 338;

their dread of noon, iii. 88;

their fear as to their shadows at building, iii. 89 sq.;

their fear of wounding ghosts, iii. 238;

pile branches' on certain graves, ix. 16;

their belief in demons, ix. 106 sq.;

their belief as to the sacredness of bread, x. 13

Round temple of Diana, i. 13;

temple of Vesta, i. 13, ii. 206;

temple of the Sun, ii. 147;

huts of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 sqq.

Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., on the blessing of the fruits in Greece on August 15th, i. 15 n. 3;

on Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82;

on image of Demeter, vii. 208 n. 1

Rowan or mountain-ash, hoops wreathed with, carried on May Day, ii. 63;

used as a charm, ii. 331;

pastoral crook cut from a, ii. 331;

herd-boy's wand of, ii. 341;

parasitic, esteemed effective against witchcraft, xi. 281;

superstitions about a, xi. 281 sq.;

how it is to be gathered, xi. 282;

not to be touched with iron and not to fall on the ground, xi. 282

Rowan tree, a protection against witches, ii. 53, 54, ix. 267, x. 154, 327 n. 1, xi. 184 n. 4, 185;

cattle beaten with branches of, on May Day, ix. 266 sq.;

hoop of, sheep passed through a, x. 184.

See also Mountain-ash

Rowmore, Garelochhead, vii. 158 n. 1

Roxburgh in Queensland, rain-making at, i. 255

Royal blood not to be shed on the ground, iii. 241 sqq.

—— disease, jaundice called the, i. 371 n. 1

—— families, two, supplying a king alternately, in the Matse tribe of Togoland, ii. 293;

animals sacred to, iv. 82

—— family, in four branches, providing a king in turn, among the Igaras of the Niger, ii. 294;

divided into two branches, in the Langrim State of the Khasis, ii. 295

—— personages conceived as charged with spiritual electricity, i. 371

Royalty, conservative of old customs, ii. 288;

the burden of, iii. 1 sqq.

Rubens, head of giant effigy at Douay said to have been painted by, xi. 33

Rucuyennes of Brazil, ordeal of young men among the, x. 63.

See Roocooyennes

Rue, curses at sowing, i. 281;

houses fumigated with, as a protection against witches, ix. 158;

burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213

Rue aux Ours at Paris, effigy of giant burnt in the, xi. 38

Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, vi. 173

Rügen, holy shrine in, ii. 241 n. 4;

the [pg 439] binder of the last sheaf called Rye-wolf, Wheat-wolf, or Oats-wolf in, vii. 274;

sick persons passed through a cleft oak in, xi. 172

Ruhla, in Thüringen, the Little Leaf Man at, ii. 80

Rukmini, wife of Krishna, ii. 26

Rukunitambua, a heathen temple in Fiji, iii. 264

Rulers expected to have power over nature, i. 353 sq.

Rules of life observed by sacred kings and priests, iii. 1 sqq.;

based on a theory of lunar influence, vi. 132 sqq., 140 sqq.

Rum, island of, and the Lachlin family, xi. 284

Rumina, a Roman goddess, unmarried, vi. 231

Runaway slaves, charms to catch, i. 152, 317, iii. 305 sq.

Runaways, knots as charm to stop, iii. 305 sq.

Runes, magic, i. 241;

how Odin learned the, v. 290

Running, contests in, at New Year festival among the Kayans, vii. 98.

See also Foot-races and Races

Rupert's Day, effigy burnt on, x. 119

Rupt in the Vosges, Lenten fires at, x. 109;

the Yule log at, x. 254

Rupture, cured by plugging a snail into a tree, ix. 52;

nailed into oaks, ix. 60;

children passed through cleft ash-trees or oaks as a cure for, xi. 168 sqq., 170 sqq.

Rurikwi, river in Mashonaland, chiefs not allowed to cross, iii. 9

Rush, the small (Juncus tenuis), in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Rush-cutter (Binsenschneider), a mythical being supposed to mow down the crops on St. John's Day, vii. 230 n. 5

Russell, F., on purification of manslayers among the Pimas, iii. 183 sq.

Russia, thieves' candles in, i. 236;

rain-making in, i. 248;

bathing as a rain-charm in, i. 277;

rain-making by means of the dead in, i. 285;

St. George's Day in, ii. 79, 332 sqq.;

priest rolled on the fields to fertilize them in, ii. 103;

sect of the Skoptsy in, ii. 145, 145 n. 2;

belief as to the souls of ancestors in the fire on the hearth in, ii. 232 sq.;

fear of having one's likeness taken in, iii. 100;

use of knots as amulets in, iii. 306 sq.;

funeral ceremonies of Kostrubonko, etc., in, iv. 261 sqq.;

annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 75 sqq.;

harvest customs in, vii. 146, 215, 233;

the Wotyaks of, ix. 155 sq.;

the Cheremiss of, ix. 156;

Midsummer fires in, x. 176, xi. 40;

need-fire in, x. 281, xi. 91;

treatment of the effigy of Kupalo in, xi. 23;

the Letts of, xi. 50;

purple loose-strife gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 65;

fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65, 66, 287 sqq.;

birth-trees in, xi. 165.

See also Russian and Russians

Russia, the Jews of South, their custom as to cast teeth, i. 178

——, South-Eastern, the Cheremiss of, ii. 44

——, White, worship of Leschiy, a woodland spirit in, ii. 125;

charm to protect corn from hail in, vii. 300

Russian celebration of Whitsuntide, ii. 64, 79 sq., 93

—— feast of Florus and Laurus, x. 220

—— girls, their mock burial of flies on the 1st of September, viii. 279 sq.

—— Midsummer custom, v. 250 sq.

—— villagers, their precautions against epidemics, ix. 172 sq.

—— wood-spirits, viii. 2

Russians, sect of the Christs among the, i. 407 sq.;

their dread of noon, iii. 88;

religious suicides among the, iv. 44 sq.;

the heathen, their sacrifice of the first-born children, iv. 183;

their custom on Palm Sunday, ix. 268;

their story of Koshchei the deathless, xi. 108 sqq.

Rust of knife in homoeopathic magic, i. 158

Rustem and Isfendiyar, x. 104 sq.

Rustic Calendars, the Roman, vi. 95 n. 1

Rustling of leaves regarded as the voice of spirits, ii. 30

Ruthenia, Midsummer bonfires in, x. 176

Ruthenian burglars, their charms to cause sleep, i. 148

Ruthenians, their treatment of the after-birth of cows, i. 198;

St. George's Day among the, ii. 335

Rutuburi, a dance of the Tarahumare Indians, ix. 237

Rye, girdles of, a preventive of weariness in reaping, x. 190

Rye-beggar, name given to last sheaf in Zealand, vii. 231

—— -boar, name given to last sheaf among the Esthonians of Oesel, vii. 298, 300

—— -bride, name given to last sheaf in the Tyrol, vii. 163

—— -dog, said to be killed at end of reaping, vii. 272

—— -goat, said to be in the corn, vii. 282;

name given to reaper of last corn, vii. 283

—— -harvest, women's race at, vii. 76 sq.

—— -mother, said to be in the rye, vii. [pg 440] 132;

name given to wreath made out of the last rye, vii. 135

Rye-pug, name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 273

—— -sow, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270;

name given to last rye cut, vii. 298;

name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 298

—— -wolf, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270, 273, 274;

caught in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273;

moves in the standing rye, vii. 271;

children warned against the, vii. 272

—— -woman, the Old, said to sit in the corn, vii. 133;

reaper of last rye said to kill the, vii. 223;

the Old, said to live in the last stalks of rye and to be killed when they are cut, vii. 223

Saa, one of the Solomon Islands, offerings of first-fruits to the dead in, viii. 127;

souls of dead in sharks at, viii. 297

Saale, the river, claims a human victim on Midsummer Day, xi. 26

Saaralben in Lorraine, simples collected on Midsummer Day near, xi. 47

Saaz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in the, viii. 326

Sabaea or Sheba, the kings of, confined to their palace, iii. 124

Sabarios, a Lithuanian festival, about the time of the autumn sowing, viii. 49

Sabatei-Sevi, a pretended Jewish Messiah, iv. 46

Sabazius, a Thracian and Phrygian god identified with Dionysus, vii. 2 n. 1;

mysteries of, v. 90 n. 4

Sabbath, breach of, supposed to cause the disappearance of herring, viii. 251

Sabbaths, agricultural, vii. 109;

of witches on the Eve of May Day and Midsummer Eve, x. 171 n. 3, 181, xi. 73, 74

Sabi, taboo, in western tribes of British New Guinea, iii. 343

Sabine country, the oak woods of the, ii. 354

—— priests to be shaved with bronze, iii. 226

Sable-hunters, rules observed by, viii. 238

Sacaea, a Babylonian festival, iv. 113 sqq.;

the mock king of, perhaps represented Tammuz, vii. 258 sq.;

in relation to Purim, ix. 359 sqq.;

celebrated by the Persians, ix. 402

—— and Zakmuk, ix. 355 sqq., 399, 402

Sacer, taboo, iii. 225 n.

Sacrament in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sq.;

in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 sq.;

of swine's flesh, viii. 20, 24;

of first-fruits, viii. 48 sqq.;

combined with a sacrifice of them, viii. 86;

totemic, viii. 165;

of eating a god, viii. 167;

types of animal, viii. 310 sqq.

Sacramental bread, at Aricia (Nemi), viii. 95, xi. 286 n. 2

—— character of harvest supper, vii. 303

—— eating of corn-spirit in animal form, viii. 20

—— meal of new rice, viii. 54;

at initiation in Fiji, xi. 245 sq.

Sacraments among pastoral tribes, viii. 313

Sacred and unclean, correspondence of rules regarding the, iii. 145

Sacred beasts in Egypt, i. 29 sq.;

held responsible for the course of nature, i. 354

—— chiefs and kings regarded as dangerous, iii. 131 sqq., 138;

their analogy to mourners, homicides, and women at menstruation and childbirth, iii. 138

—— dramas, as magical rites, ix. 373 sqq.

—— feather girdle of king of Tahiti, i. 388

—— flutes played at initiation, xi. 241

—— groves, in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 sqq.;

apologies for trespass on, ii. 328

—— harlots, in Asia Minor, v. 141;

at Zela, ix. 370, 371;

in the worship of Ishtar, ix. 372

—— herds of cattle at shrines, iv. 20, 25

—— kings put to death, x. 1 sq.

—— Marriage, the, ii. 120 sqq.;

of Roman kings, ii. 172 sq., 192, 193 sq., 318 sq.;

of king and queen, iv. 71;

of actors disguised as animals, iv. 71, 83;

of gods and goddesses, iv. 73;

of Zeus and Hera, iv. 91;

of priest and priestess as representing god and goddess, v. 46 sqq.;

represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140;

in Cos, vi. 259 n. 4;

at Eleusis, vii. 65 sqq.

See also Marriage

—— men, inspired by image of Apollo, i. 386;

at Andania, ii. 122, v. 76 n. 3;

(kedeshim), at Jerusalem, v. 17 sq.;

and women, v. 57 sqq.;

in West Africa, v. 65 sqq.;

in Western Asia, v. 72 sqq.

—— persons not allowed to set foot on the ground, x. 2 sqq.;

not to see the sun, x. 18 sqq.

—— ploughings in Attica, vii. 108

—— prostitution, v. 36 sqq.;

suggested origin of, v. 39 sqq.;

in Western Asia, alternative theory of, v. 55 sqq.;

in India, v. 61 sqq.;

in West Africa, v. 65 sqq.

—— slaves, v. 73, 79, ix. 370

—— spears used to stab sacrificial victims, iv. 19, 20, v. 274, ix. 218

“—— spring, the,” among the ancient Italian peoples, iv. 186 sq.

[pg 441]

Sacred sticks and stones (churinga) among the Arunta, xi. 234. See Churinga

—— sticks representing ancestors, among the Herero, ii. 222 sqq.

—— stocks and stones among the Semites, v. 107 sqq.

—— stool among the Shilluk, iv. 24

—— things deemed dangerous, viii. 27 sqq.

—— Way, the, at Rome, ii. 176, viii. 42

—— women among the ancient Germans, i. 391;

the fourteen, at Athens, ii. 137, vii. 32;

in India, v. 61 sqq.;

in West Africa, v. 65 sqq.;

in Western Asia, v. 70 sqq.;

at Andania, v. 76 n. 3

Sacrifice, gods become immortal by, i. 373 n. 1;

of the king's son, iv. 160 sqq.;

of the first-born, iv. 171 sqq., 179 sqq.;

of finger-joints, iv. 219;

of virginity, v. 60;

of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, v. 268 sq., 270 sq.;

of virility in ancient Egypt, among the Ekoi of Nigeria, etc., v. 270 n. 2;

nutritive and vicarious types of, vii. 226;

not to be touched, viii. 27;

annual, of a sacred animal, viii. 31;

of first-fruits, viii. 109 sqq.;

human, successive mitigations of, ix. 396 sq., 408;

the Brahmanical theory of, ix. 410 sq.;

of cattle at holy oak, x. 181;

of heifer at kindling need-fire, x. 290;

of an animal to stay a cattle-plague, x. 300 sqq.;

of reindeer to the dead, xi. 178.

See also Sacrifices

Sacrificer, the Brahman, consecration of, i. 380;

becomes Vishnu, i. 380;

simulated new birth of, i. 380 sq.

Sacrifices offered to ancestors, i. 286 sq., 290 sq.;

offered to souls of ancestors, i. 339;

offered to regalia, i. 363, 365;

offered to king's crown, i. 365;

offered to king's sceptre, i. 365;

offered to king's throne, i. 365;

to trees, i. 366;

offered to kings, i. 417;

offered to a sacred sword, ii. 5;

offered to trees, ii. 15, 16 sq., 19, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48;

offered on roofs of new houses, ii. 39;

at cutting down trees, ii. 44;

for rain, ii. 44, iv. 20;

to water-spirits, ii. 155 sqq.;

to ghosts, iii. 56, 166;

to the dead, iii. 88, iv. 92, 93, 94, 95, 97;

at foundation of buildings, iii. 89 sqq.;

to ancestral spirits, iii. 104, vi. 175, 178 sq., 180, 181 sq., 183 sq., 190;

offered to souls of slain enemies, iii. 166;

for the sick, iv. 20, 25;

to totems, iv. 31;

of children among the Semites, iv. 166 sqq.;

to earthquake god, v. 201, 202;

to volcanoes, v. 218 sqq.;

to the dead distinguished from sacrifices to the gods, v. 316 n. 1;

offered at the rising of Sirius, vi. 36 n.;

offered in connexion with irrigation, vi. 38 sq.;

to dead kings, vi. 101, 162, 166 sq.;

of animals to prolong the life of kings, vi. 221;

without shedding of blood, vi. 222 n. 2;

offered to nets, viii. 240 n. 1;

offered to wolves, viii. 284;

to a toad, viii. 291.

See also Sacrifice

Sacrifices, human, offered to man-gods, i. 386, 387;

to trees, ii. 15, 17;

at laying foundations, iii. 90 sq.;

in ancient Greece, iv. 161 sqq., ix. 253 sqq., 353 sq.;

mock human, iv. 214 sqq.;

offered at earthquakes, v. 201;

offered to Dionysus, vi. 98 sq.;

at the graves of the kings of Uganda, vi. 168;

to dead kings, vi. 173;

to dead chiefs, vi. 191;

to prolong the life of kings, vi. 220 sq., 223 sqq.;

for the crops, vii. 236 sqq.;

at festivals of new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62, 63;

in Mexico, viii. 88, ix. 275 sqq.;

of men and women as scapegoats, ix. 210 sqq., 217 sq.;

their influence on cosmogonical theories, ix. 409 sqq.;

of deified men, ix. 409;

at fire-festivals, x. 106;

traces of, x. 146, 148, 150 sqq., 186, xi. 31;

offered by the ancient Germans, xi. 28 n. 1;

among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32 sq.;

the victims perhaps witches and wizards, xi. 41 sqq.;

W. Mannhardt's theory of human sacrifices among the Celts, xi. 43

——, vicarious, iv. 117; in ancient Greece, iv. 166 n. 1

“Sacrificial fonts” in Sweden, x. 172 n. 2

—— King at Rome, i. 44, 46, ii. 2

—— victims carried round city, iii. 188;

the tongues of, cut out, viii. 270;

beating people with the skins of, ix. 265

Sada, Saza, Persian festival of fire at the winter solstice, x. 269

Sadana, rice-bridegroom in Java, vii. 200 sq.

Saddle Island, Melanesia, superstition as to reflections in water in, iii. 93 sq.

Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, v. 183

Saffron in charm to make the wind blow, i. 320;

at the Corycian cave, v. 154, 187

Saffron Walden, in Essex, May garlands at, ii. 60

Sagaing district of Burma, tamarind-tree worshipped for rain in the, ii. 46

Sagami, in Japan, rain-making at, i. 305

Sagar in India, use of scapegoat at, ix. 190 sq.

Sagard, Gabriel, on resurrections of the dead among the Indians of Canada, iii. 366 sq.;

on preachers to fish among the Hurons, viii. 250 sq.

Sage, divination by sprigs of red, on Midsummer Eve, xi. 61 n. 4

[pg 442]

Saghalien, the Ainos of, i. 114, viii. 180, 188;

opening everything to facilitate childbirth in, iii. 297;

the Gilyaks of, iii. 370, viii. 190 n. 1

Sagittarius, mistletoe cut when the sun is in the sign of, xi. 82

Sago, magic for the growth of, vi. 101

Sahagun, B. de, on old Mexican view of intoxication, iii. 249 sq.;

on the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 29 n.;

Franciscan monk, his work on the Indians of Mexico, vii. 175;

on the sacrifice of the human representative of Tezcatlipoca, ix. 276;

on the Mexican dances, ix. 280;

on the sacrifice of human victims to the fire-god in Mexico, ix. 301 n. 1;

on the treatment of witches and wizards among the Aztecs, xi. 159

Sahara, the Tuaregs of the, iii. 117, 122, 353

Saibai, island of Torres Strait, magical images to procure offspring in, i. 72;

seclusion of girls at puberty in, iii. 147, x. 40 sq.

Sail Dharaich, Sollas, in North Uist, need-fire at, x. 294

Sailors at sea, special language employed by, iii. 413 sqq.

“Saining,” a protection against spirits, ix. 168

St. Andrews, witch burned at, iii. 309

St. Angelo ill-treated in drought in Sicily, i. 300

St. Anthony's fire treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 81 sq.

St. Antony, wood of, x. 110

St. Barbara's Day (the 4th of December), custom of putting rods in pickle on, ix. 270

St. Brandon, church of, in Ireland, sick women pass through a window of the, xi. 190

St. Bride, her Day (February 1st) in the Highlands of Scotland, ii. 94;

an old goddess of fertility, ii. 95;

at Kildare, ii. 242

St. Bridget, ii. 94 sq., 242.

See St. Brigit

St. Brigit, holy fire and nuns of, at Kildare, ii. 240 sqq.

St. Catherine's Day (December 6th), festival of weasels on, viii. 275

St. Christopher, name given to Midsummer giant at Salisbury, xi. 38

St. Columb Kill, festival of, x. 241

St. Columba worshipped as an embodiment of Christ, i. 407;

on the oaks of Derry, ii. 242 sq.

St. Columba's tomb in Iona, i. 160

St. Corona, church of, at Koppenwal, holed stone in the, xi. 188 sq.

St. Dasius, martyrdom of, at Durostorum, ii. 310 n. 1, ix. 308 sqq.;

his tomb at Ancona, ii. 310 n. 1, ix. 310

Saint-Denis-des-Puits, the oak of, xi. 287 n. 1

St. Denys, his seven heads, vi. 12

Saint Donan, in Brittany, superstition as to the wren at, viii. 318

St. Eany's well in the Aran Islands, women desirous of offspring pray at, ii. 161

St. Edmund's Day in November, Lord of Misrule elected at Merton College, Oxford, on, ix. 332

St. Eloi, Bishop of Noyon, his denunciation of heathen practices, xi. 190

St. Estapin, festival of, on August the 6th, xi. 188

St. Eustorgius, church of, at Milan, ix. 331

St. Fillan's well at Comrie, resorted to by women who wish to become mothers, ii. 161

St. Flannan, chapel of, in the Flannan Islands, iii. 393

St. Francis of Paola, the giver of rain, i. 300, 301 n.

St. Gall, the Canton of, the Corn-goat at harvest in, vii. 283

St. Gens, his image used in rain-making, i. 307

St. George and the Dragon, ii. 163 sq., iv. 107;

and the Parilia, ii. 324 sqq., v. 308, 309;

patron saint of cattle, horses, and wolves, ii. 330, 332, 336, 337, 338;

chapel of, ii. 337;

represented by a living man on horseback, ii. 337;

as a spirit of trees or vegetation, ii. 343 sq.;

as giver of offspring to women, ii. 344 sqq., v. 78, 79, 90;

in relation to serpents, ii. 344, 344 n. 4;

in Syria, ii. 346, v. 78;

perhaps the modern equivalent of Tammuz or Adonis, ii. 346;

Cappadocian saint and martyr, ii. 347;

swinging on the festival of, iv. 283

St. George's Day (23rd April), fertilization of barren women by fruit-trees on, ii. 56 sq., 344;

Green George on, ii. 75, 76, 79;

ceremony to fertilize the fields on, ii. 103;

cattle crowned on, as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 sq., 339;

effigy of a dragon carried at Ragusaon, ii. 164 n. 1;

great popular festival of herdsmen and shepherds in Eastern Europe, ii. 330 sqq., x. 223 n. 2;

the power of witches thought to be at its greatest height on, ii. 336;

love charms on, ii. 345 sq.;

among the South Slavs, ix. 54;

bells rung on, to make the grass grow, ix. 247

—— Eve, a time when witches steal milk [pg 443] from the cows, ii. 334 sq.;

snake's tongue cut on, viii. 270;

witches active on, ix. 158

St. Gervais, spring of, used in rain-making, i. 307

St. Guirec, in Brittany, his statue stuck with pins, ix. 70

St. Hippolytus, a resuscitation of the Greek Hippolytus, i. 21

St. Hitzibouzit, a Persian martyr, ix. 412 n. 2

St. Hubert blesses bullets with which to shoot witches, x. 315 sq.

St. James, on faith and works, i. 223;

on pure religion, i. 224;

name of, bestowed by Peruvian Indians on one of twins, i. 266

St. James's Day (July the 25th), the flower of chicory cut on, xi. 71

St. Jean, in the Jura, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 189

St. Jerome on the Celtic speech of the Galatians, ii. 126 n. 2, xi. 89 n. 2

St. Johann, in Salzburg, the Perchten at, ix. 245

St. John blesses the flowers on Midsummer Eve, x. 171;

his hair looked for in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182 sq., 190;

fires of, in France, x. 183, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193;

prayers to, at Midsummer, x. 210;

claims human victims on St. John's Day (Midsummer Day), xi. 27, 29;

print of his head on St. John's Eve, xi. 57;

oil of, found on oak leaves at Midsummer, xi. 83, 293

—— the Baptist, bathing on his day, i. 277;

his Midsummer festival, ii. 273;

his chapel at Athens, ix. 53;

associated by the Catholic Church with Midsummer Day, x. 160, 181

—— (the Evangelist), festival of, ix. 334

——, gossips of, in Sicily, v. 145, 251

——, the Knights of, x. 194;

Grand Master of the Order of, x. 211

——, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, ii. 92, v. 244 sq., 251

St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head-hunting in Sarawak, v. 296

St. John's blood found on St. John's wort and other plants at Midsummer, xi. 56, 57

—— College, Oxford, the Christmas candle at, x. 255

—— Day (Midsummer Day), barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 22;

swinging on, iv. 157, 280;

or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, v. 246 sqq.;

the Rush-cutter supposed to mow down the crops on, vii. 23;

in Abyssinia, ix. 133;

Midsummer fires on, x. 167 sqq., 171 sqq., 178, 179;

fire kindled by friction of wood on, x. 281;

fern-seed blooms on, xi. 287.

See also Midsummer

St. John's Eve (Midsummer Eve), in Sweden, ii. 65;

Russian ceremony on, iv. 262;

in Malta, x. 210 sq.;

wonderful herbs gathered on, xi. 45 sqq.;

sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 171

—— fires among the South Slavs, x. 178;

among the Esthonians, x. 180.

See also Midsummer fires

—— flower at Midsummer, xi. 50;

gathered on St. John's Eve (Midsummer Eve), xi. 57 sq.

—— girdle, mugwort, xi. 59

—— herbs gathered at Midsummer, xi. 46 sq., 49;

a protection against evil spirits, xi. 49

—— Midsummer festival in Sardinia, v. 244 sq.

—— Night (Midsummer Eve), precautions against witches on, xi. 20 n.

—— root (Johanniswurzel), the male fern, xi. 66

—— wort (Hypericum perforatum), gathered at Midsummer, v. 252 sq.;

a protection against witchcraft, ix. 160;

garlands of, at Midsummer, x. 169 n. 3, 196;

gathered on St. John's Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), xi. 49, 54 sqq.;

a protection against thunder, witches, and evil spirits, xi. 54, 55, 74;

thrown into the Midsummer bonfires, xi. 55

St. Joseph ill-treated in drought in Sicily, i. 300;

feast of, ix. 297

St. Juan Capistrano, in California, ordeal of nettles and ants among the Indians of, x. 64.

See San Juan Capistrano

St. Julien, church of, at Ath, xi. 36

St. Just, in Cornwall, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 200

St. Kilda, not to be named in the Flannan Islands, iii. 393;

All Saints' Day in, vi. 80;

beating man clad in a cow's hide in, viii. 322, 323

St. Lawrence, the fire of, children thought to suffer from, if they touch young wrens in the nest, viii. 318;

family of, their lives bound up with an old tree at Howth Castle, xi. 166

St. Leonard, patron of cattle, horses, and pigs, i. 7 sq.;

blesses women with offspring, i. 8;

patron of prisoners, i. 8;

his shrines asylums, i. 8

Saint-Lô, the burning of Shrove Tuesday at, iv. 228 sq.

St. Louis, gift of healing by touch said to be derived by French kings from, i. 370

St. Luke, the festival of, on October [pg 444] 18th, souls of the dead thought to return on that day, vi. 55

Saintes-Maries, Midsummer custom at, v. 248, x. 194

St. Martin invoked in Switzerland to disperse a mist, x. 280

S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, v. 307 n.

St. Mary, wells of, at Whitekirk and in the Isle of May, resorted to by women who wish to become mothers, ii. 161;

in Araceli, the church of, at Rome, ii. 184

—— at Lübeck, church of, x. 100

——, Isle of, custom of whalers in the, viii. 235

St. Matthew's Day (August 21st), festival of weasels on, viii. 275

St. Maughold, gives the veil to St. Bridget, ii. 95

St. Michael ill-treated in drought, i. 300

—— in Alaska, annual festival of the dead among the Esquimaux at, vi. 51;

bladder-festival of the Esquimaux at, viii. 249

St. Michael's cake, made at Michaelmas in the Hebrides, x. 149, 154 n. 3

St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, ii. 71 n. 1

St. Nicholas, patch of oats left at harvest for, vii. 233

St. Nicholas's Day (the 6th of December), the election of the Boy Bishop on, ix. 337, 338

St. Ninian, sacred trees near a chapel of, ii. 44

St. Nonnosius, relics of, in the cathedral of Freising, Bavaria, xi. 188 sq.

St. Olaf's Day (July 29th), lamb sacrificed by the Karels on, viii. 258 n. 2

St. Ouen, his church at Rouen, ii. 165;

early lives of, ii. 168

St. Patrick, canon attributed to, i. 367

—— and the Beltane fires, x. 157 sq.

St. Patrick's Chair, pilgrimage to, on Midsummer Eve, x. 205

—— Mount, near Downpatrick, x. 205

St. Paul, the Paulicians appeal to the authority of, i. 407;

on immortality, vii. 91

St. Paul's, London, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

St. Peter, prayed to for rain, his image dipped in water, i. 307 sq.

—— and St. Paul, celebration of their day in London, x. 196

St. Peter's, Canterbury, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

—— at Rome, new fire at Easter in, x. 125

—— Day (29th June), poplar burnt on, ii. 141;

the “Funeral of Kostroma” in Russia on, iv. 262;

bonfires in Belgium on, x. 194 sq.;

bonfires at Eton on, x. 197;

fires in Scotland on, x. 207

St. Peter's Day (22nd February), ashes exchanged as presents on, vii. 300;

expulsion of butterflies in Westphalia on, ix. 159 n. 1

—— Eve, bonfires on, x. 195, 198, 199 sq.;

Midsummer fires in Ireland on, x. 202;

gathering herbs on, xi. 45 n. 1

St. Pierre d'Entremont, in Normandy, game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 183

St. Pons, his image used in rain-making, i. 307

St. Rochus's Day, need-fire kindled on, x. 282

St. Romain and the dragon of Rouen, ii. 164 sqq.;

the shrine (fierte) of, ii. 167, 168, 170 n. 1, ix. 216

St. Sécaire, Mass of, i. 232 sq.

St. Simon and St. Jude's Day (October 28th), the dead feasted among the Letts on, vi. 74

St. Stephen, church of, at Beauvais, Festival of Fools in the, ix. 336

St. Stephen's Day (December 26th), the hunting and burial of the wren on, viii. 319 sq.;

custom of beating young women on, ix. 270;

Lord of Misrule appointed in the Inner Temple on, ix. 333;

Festival of Fools on, ix. 334

St. Sylvester's Day (New Year's Eve), superstition as to shadows on, iii. 88;

precautions against witches on, ix. 164 sq.

—— Eve, evil spirits driven out of the houses at Trieste on, ix. 165

St. Tecla, the falling sickness cured in her church at Llandegla in Wales, ix. 52

St. Thomas's Day (21st December), the Twelve Days counted from, in some parts of Bavaria, ix. 327;

election of the Boy Bishop on, ix. 337 n. 1;

bonfires on, x. 266;

witches dreaded on, xi. 73

—— Eve, witches active on, ix. 160

—— Mount, near Madras, the fire-walk at, xi. 8 n. 1

St. Tredwels, chapel of, in one of the Orkney Islands, heap of stones to which each comer adds at, ix. 29

Saint-Valery in Picardy, torches carried through the fields on the first Sunday in Lent at, x. 113

St. Vitus, festival of, omens drawn from barley and wheat sown a few days before the, v. 252

St. Vitus's dance, supposed to be caused by demoniac possession or the shadow [pg 445] of an enemy, iii. 83;

mistletoe a cure for, xi. 84

St. Vitus's Day, “fire of heaven” kindled on, x. 335

St. Wolfgang, Falkenstein chapel of, cleft rock through which pilgrims creep near, xi. 189

Saintonge, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69;

the Yule log in, x. 251 n. 1;

wonderful herbs gathered on St. John's Eve in, xi. 45;

St. John's wort in, xi. 55;

vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62 n. 4;

four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63

—— and Aunis, burning the Carnival in, iv. 230;

Midsummer fires in, x. 192

Saints, violence done to images of saints in Sicily to procure rain, i. 300;

images of saints dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 307 sq.;

as the givers of children to women, v. 78 sq., 91, 109;

cairns near shrines of Mohammedan, ix. 21, 22

Sais, in Egypt, the festival of Osiris at, vi. 49 sqq.;

the grave of Osiris at, vi. 50

Sakai, the, of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among, i. 360;

difference of dialect between husbands and wives among the, iii. 348

Sakalavas (Sakkalavas) of Madagascar, the worshipful sovereign of the, i. 397 sq.;

their chiefs not allowed to sail the sea or cross rivers, iii. 10;

taboos observed by their chiefs, iii. 10 sq.;

taboo on mentioning personal names among the, iii. 327;

customs as to names of dead kings among the, iii. 379 sq.;

sanctity of relics of dead kings among the, iv. 202;

their worship of a black bull, viii. 40 n.

Sakarang Dyaks of Borneo, their euphemisms for smallpox, iii. 416

Sakkalava. See Sakalavas

Sakkara, in Egypt, pyramids at, vi. 4

Sakvarī song, ancient Indian hymn, supposed to embody the might of the thunderbolt, i. 269 sq.

Sâl tree, festival of the flower of the, among the Oraons, ii. 76 sq., 148, v. 47

—— trees, sacred groves of, among the Khonds, ii. 41;

evil spirits of, among the Parahiya of Mirzapur, ii. 42

Salacia and Neptune, vi. 231, 233

Salagrama, fossil ammonite, an embodiment of Vishnu, ii. 26, 27 n. 2;

married to the tulasi plant, ii. 26 sq.

Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, iv. 166 n. 1, v. 145;

dynasty of Teucrids at, v. 145

Saldern, near Wolfenbuttel, the Corn-maiden at, at the end of reaping the rye at, vii. 150

Sale, nominal, of children, to deceive dangerous spirits, vii. 8

Salee, in Morocco, Midsummer fires at, x. 214, 216

Salem, Melchizedek, king of, v. 17

Saleyer, island off Celebes, certain words tabooed to sailors of, iii. 413 sq.

Salian Franks, custom as to the re-marriage of a widow among the, ii. 285

Salic law, re-marriage of widow under, ii. 285

Saligné, Commune de, Canton de Poiret, pretence of threshing the farmer's wife in, vii. 149 sq.

Salih, a prophet, annual festival of Bedouins at his grave in the Sinaitic Peninsula, iv. 97

Salii, the hymns of the, ii. 383 n. 4;

the dancing priests of Mars, ix. 231 sqq.;

rule as to their election, vi. 244

Salisbury, May garlands at, ii. 62;

the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337, 338;

Midsummer giants at, xi. 37 sq.

Salish or Flathead Indians, artificial deformation of the head among the, ii. 298;

recovery of lost souls among the, iii. 66;

their sacrifice of their first-born children to the sun, iv. 184;

ceremonies observed by them before eating the first wild berries or roots of the season, viii. 80 sq.

Salmon, twins thought to be, i. 263;

shamans responsible for supply of, i. 358;

taboos concerning, iii. 209;

resurrection of, viii. 250;

ceremonies at catching the first salmon of the season, viii. 253 sq., 255

Salmoneus, king of Elis, his mock thunder and lightning, i. 310, iv. 165;

personated Zeus, ii. 177;

killed by a thunderbolt, ii. 181

Salono, a Hindoo festival, v. 243 n. 1

Salop (Shropshire), fear of witchcraft in, x. 342 n. 4

Salsette, island near Bombay, use of iron as a talisman in, iii. 234, 236;

locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296

Salt, abstinence from, i. 124, 266, ii. 98, 105, 149, 248, viii. 75, 93;

burnt to disperse fog, i. 314;

as a charm, ii. 331;

not to be eaten, iii. 10, 167, 182, 184, 194, 195, 196, viii. 190, 195, x. 19, 20, 60, 68, 69;

name of, tabooed, iii. 401;

the Mexican goddess of, ix. 278, 283;

used in a ceremony after marriage, x. 25 sq.;

abstinence from, associated with a rule of chastity, x. 26 sqq.;

not to be handled by menstruous women, x. 81 sq., 84;

divination by, x. 244

[pg 446]

Salt cake, divination by, at Hallowe'en, x. 238 sq.

—— -makers worship the goddess of Salt, ix. 283;

their dance, ix. 284

—— -pans, the divinity of, incarnate in a woman, i. 410;

continence observed by workers in, iii. 200

Saluting the rising sun, a Syrian custom, ix. 416

Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental religions, v. 300

Salza district, ashes of pig's bone mixed with seed-corn in the, vii. 300

Salzburg, processions round the fields on St. George's Day in, ii. 344;

harvest custom in, vii. 146;

Queen of the Corn-ears in, vii. 146;

the Perchten maskers in, ix. 240, 242 sqq.

Salzwedel, Whitsuntide king at, ii. 84;

in the Altmark, the He-goat at harvest near, vii. 287

Samagitians, their sacred groves, ii. 43;

deemed birds and beasts of the woods sacred, ii. 125;

their annual festival of the dead, vi. 75

Samal, in North-Western Syria, Barrekub king of, v. 15 sq.

Samarai Archipelago, off New Guinea, Logea in the, iii. 354.

See Logea

Samarcand, homoeopathic charms applied to babies in, i. 157;

ceremonies to cause cold weather at, i. 329 n. 1;

New Year ceremony at, iv. 151;

temporary king at, iv. 151

Samaria captured by Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, iv. 169;

the fall of, v. 25

Samaveda, the, ancient Indian collection of hymns, i. 269

Samban tribe of Dyaks, their belief as to the influence of Rajah Brooke on the crops, i. 362

Sambawa, East Indian island, human foundation-sacrifices in, iii. 91

Sambee, title signifying god, applied to the king of Loango, i. 396

Sambucus ebulus, dwarf elder, in rain-making, i. 273

Samhain, All Saints' Day (November 1st), New Year's Day in Ireland, x. 225

—— Eve of (Hallowe'en), new fire kindled in Ireland on, x. 139, 225;

Irish New Year dated from, x. 139, 225;

fiends and goblins let loose on, x. 226

Samhanach, Hallowe'en bogies, x. 227

Samhnagan, Hallowe'en fires, x. 230

Sami wood (Prosopis spicigera), used by the fire-priests of the Brahmans in kindling fire, ii. 248, 249, 250 n.

Samland, the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 139;

“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269;

fishermen will not go to sea on Midsummer Day in, xi. 26

Samnites, marriage custom of the, ii. 305;

guided by a bull, iv. 186 n. 4;

traced their origin to a “sacred spring,” iv. 186

Samoa, mode of determining a child's guardian god in, i. 100 n. 1;

gods of, in animal and human form, i. 389;

special terms used with reference to persons of the blood-royal in, i. 401 n. 3;

bleeding trees in, ii. 20;

the turtle clan in, their custom at cutting up a turtle, iii. 122;

persons who have handled the dead not allowed to touch food with their hands in, iii. 140;

names of chiefs not to be pronounced in, iii. 382;

expiation for disrespect to a sacred animal in, iv. 216 sq.;

circumcision practised in, iv. 220;

conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, v. 200;

butterfly god in, viii. 29;

the Wild Pigeon family in, viii. 29.

See also Samoan and Samoans

Samoan nobility, their perpetual fires, ii. 261

—— story of the recovery of a sick man's soul, iii. 65;

of woman who was impregnated by the sun, x. 74 sq.

Samoans, their sacrifices of first-fruits, viii. 132;

reckon their time by the periodic appearance of a sea-slug, ix. 142 n. 1

Samon, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343

Samorin, title of the kings of Calicut, iv. 47 sq.

Samos, sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera in, ii. 143 n. 1;

the month of Cronion in, ix. 351 n. 2

Samothrace, Cadmus in, iv. 89 n. 4

Samothracian mysteries, iv. 89

Samoyed shamans, their familiar spirits in boars, xi. 196 sq.

—— story of the external soul, xi. 141 sq.

—— women thought to pollute things by stepping over them, iii. 424

Samoyeds of Siberia reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;

cut out the eyes of the wild reindeer which they kill, viii. 268

Sampson, Agnes, a Scotch witch, ix. 38

Samsi-Adad, king of Assyria, husband of Shammuramat (Semiramis), ix. 370 n. 1

Samson, his burning the crops of the Philistines, vii. 298 n.;

effigy of, carried in procession of giants, xi. 36;

an African, xi. 314

Samuel, the prophet, consulted about asses, v. 75;

meaning of the name, v. 79

—— and Saul, v. 22

[pg 447]

Samyas monastery near Lhasa, the King of the Years annually detained for seven days in the, ix. 220

San Cristoval, in the Solomon Islands, ghosts supposed to imprison souls in, iii. 56;

mode of sacrificing a pig in, iii. 247

San Juan Capistrano, in California, Spanish mission at, viii. 169, 171 n. 1

——, Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 142;

women's work among the, vii. 125;

their calendar, vii. 125 sq.;

ordeal of nettles and ants among the, x. 64

San Pellegrino, church of, at Ancona, the sarcophagus of St. Dasius in the, ix. 310

San Salvador in West Africa, native belief as to the soul of the king of, xi. 200

Sanctity, uncleanness, and taboo, their equivalence in primitive thought, iii. 285

—— of the head, iii. 252 sqq.;

of the corn, viii. 110

—— or pollution, their equivalence in primitive religion, iii. 145, 158, 224

—— and uncleanness not clearly differentiated in the primitive mind, x. 97 sq.

Sanctuary of Balder on the Sogne fiord in Norway, x. 104

Sand, souls of ogres in a grain of, xi. 120

Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, father-in-law of Ashurbanipal, v. 144

Sandacus, a Syrian, father of Cinyras, v. 41

Sandal of Perseus, at Chemmis in Upper Egypt, iii. 312 n. 2

Sandan, legendary or mythical hero of Western Asia, v. 125 sqq., ix. 368, 388 sqq.;

the burning of, v. 117 sqq.;

identified by the Greeks with Hercules, v. 125, 143, 161, ix. 388;

said to have founded Tarsus, v. 126;

burnt in effigy on a pyre at Tarsus, v. 126, ix. 389;

monument of, at Tarsus, v. 126 n. 2;

his figure on coins of Tarsus, v. 127

—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, v. 125

—— and Baal at Tarsus, v. 142 sq., 161

Sandanis the Lydian, dissuades Croesus from marching against the Persians, ii. 315

Sanderval, O. de, on dances at sowing in West Africa, ix. 235

Sandes, identified with Hercules, ix. 389.

See Sandan

Sandflies imitated by maskers, ix. 381

Sandhill, in Northumberland, Midsummer fires at, x. 198

Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, v. 182, 184, 185;

a Cilician name, v. 182.

See Sandan

Sandu'arri, a Cilician king, v. 144

Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), the king personated the god in the, i. 377;

precaution as to the spittle of chiefs in the, iii. 289;

belief in transmigration among natives of the, viii. 292 sq.

See also Hawaii

Sanga, in Angola, all fires extinguished at death of king of, ii. 262

Sangerhausen, Midsummer fires near, x. 169

Sangi group of islands in the East Indies, Siaoo in the, ii. 33, iii. 288, iv. 218.

See Siaoo

—— Islanders use a special language at sea, iii. 414

Sangro, river, in Italy, x. 210

Saning Sari, rice-goddess, among the Minangkabauers of Sumatra, represented by certain stalks or grains of rice, vii. 191, 192

Sanitation improved through superstition, iii. 130

Sankara and the Grand Lama, iii. 78

Sankuru River, in the Belgian Congo, xi. 264

Santa Catalina Istlavacan, birth-names of the Indians of, xi. 214 n. 1

Santa Cruz, Melanesian island, wind-charm in, i. 321;

avoidance of relations by marriage in, iii. 344

—— and Reef Islands, the rain-doctor in the, i. 272

Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, v. 205

Santa Maria Piedigrotta at Naples, church of, illuminated on the Nativity of the Virgin, x. 221

Santals, their belief as to the absence of the soul in dreams, iii. 38;

swinging as a religious or magical rite among the, iv. 279

Santiago (St. James), name given by the Peruvian Indians to one of twins, i. 266;

the horse of, i. 267

—— Tepehuacan, Indians of, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, planting, and fishing, i. 143;

propitiate a tree before felling it, ii. 37;

recovery of child's lost soul among the, iii. 67 sq.;

their dread of noon, iii. 88;

their custom at sowing, v. 239;

their annual festival of the dead, vi. 55;

transfer sickness to a well, ix. 4;

their fast at sowing, ix. 347 n. 4

Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, v. 195

Santos, J. dos, on custom of putting kings of Sofala to death, iv. 37 sq.

[pg 448]

Sâone-et-Loire, the last sheaf called the Fox in, vii. 296, 297

Saparoea, East Indian island, fishermen's magic in, i. 109;

hunter's magic in, i. 114;

treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 187

Sapoodi Archipelago, the name Sapoodi tabooed to sailors at sea, iii. 414

Sapor, king of Persia, how he took the city of Atrae, x. 82 sq.

Sappho, on the mourning for Adonis, v. 6 n. 2;

on Adonis and Linus, vii. 216

Saqqarah, ancient Egyptian relief from, ix. 260 n. 3

Saracus, last king of Assyria, v. 174

Saragacos Indians of Ecuador, their seclusion of women at childbirth, iii. 152

Sarah and Abraham, ii. 114

Sarajevo, need-fire near, x. 286

Sarawak, the Berawans of, i. 74;

taboos observed by women during the search for camphor in, i. 124 sq.;

the Sea Dyaks of, i. 127, ix. 154;

the Dyaks of, i. 361, iii. 67, 339, iv. 277, vii. 314, viii. 152;

custom at making a clearing in the forest in, ii. 38 sq.;

head-hunting in, v. 295 sq.

Sarcolobus narcoticus, deceiving the spirit of the plant, ii. 23 sq.

Sardan or Sandan, the burning of, at Nineveh, ix. 389 sq.

See Sandan

Sardanapalus, legendary Assyrian monarch, his monument at Tarsus, v. 126 n. 2;

his monument at Anchiale, v. 172;

his death on the pyre, v. 172 sqq., ix. 387;

confounded with Ashurbanipal, v. 173 sq., ix. 387 sq.;

his effeminacy, vi. 257, ix. 387 sq.;

perhaps personated by the king of the Sacaea, ix. 368, 387 sq.;

his epitaph, ix. 388

—— and Hercules, v. 172 sqq.

Sardes in Lydia, ix. 389, 391;

captured by Cyrus, v. 174;

lion carried round acropolis of, v. 184, vi. 249

Sardines worshipped by the Indians of Peru, viii. 250

Sardinia, Sweethearts of St. John at Midsummer in, ii. 92, v. 244 sq.;

blood-revenge in, ii. 321;

gardens of Adonis in, v. 244 sq.;

Midsummer fires in, v. 245, x. 209

Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, v. 243

Sariputi, village in Ceram, first-fruits of the rice offered to dead ancestors at, viii. 123

Sarmata Islands, marriage of the Sun and Earth in the, ii. 98 sq.

Sarmatian tribe moulded the heads of their children artificially, ii. 297

Sarn, valley of the, in Salzburg, the Perchten maskers in the, ix. 245

Sarna, the sacred grove of the Oraons, ii. 76

Sarna Burhi, goddess of the sacred grove, among the Oraons, ii. 76 sq.

Saron, ancient king of Troezen, perhaps a duplicate of Hippolytus, i. 26 n. 3

Saronic Gulf, Hippolytus on the shore of the, i. 19

Sarpedonian Artemis, in Cilicia, v. 167, 171

Sarum use, service-books of the, ix. 338

Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, v. 201

Sassaks, the, of Lombok, their conception of the rice-spirit, vii. 201

Satan annually expelled by the Wotyaks, ix. 155 sq.;

annually expelled by the Cheremiss, ix. 156;

preaches a sermon in the church of North Berwick, xi. 158;

brings fern-seed on Christmas night, xi. 289

Satapatha Brâhmana, on the consecration of the sacrificer, i. 380;

on the confession of sins, iii. 217;

on transubstantiation, viii. 89;

on the sun as Death, xi. 174 n. 1

Satirical poems, Arab curses conveyed in, iii. 312

Saturday, persons born on a, can see ghosts, iii. 89, x. 285

——, Easter, new fire on, x. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130

——, Holy, effigy of Queen of Lent beheaded on, iv. 244

Saturn, Roman god, his temple at Rome, i. 10 sq.;

personified at the Saturnalia, ii. 310 sq.;

the god of the seed, ii. 311;

his festival the Saturnalia, ii. 311, ix. 306 sqq.;

perhaps personified by Roman kings, ii. 311, 322;

the husband of Ops, vi. 233;

the old Roman and Italian god of sowing, ix. 232, 306, 307 n. 1, 346;

(Cronus), sacrifice to, at Cyrene, ix. 253 n. 3;

man put to death in the character of, ix. 309;

dedication of the temple of, ix. 345 n. 1;

perhaps represented by a dynasty of sacred kings, ix. 386

—— and the Golden Age, ix. 306, 344, 386

—— and Jupiter, ii. 323

—— and Lua, vi. 233

——, the planet, malignant influence of, iii. 315;

its period of revolution round the sun, vi. 151 sq.

Saturnalia, the Roman, ii. 310 sqq., ix. 306 sqq.;

how celebrated by Roman soldiers on the Danube, ii. 310, ix. 308 sq.;

Saturn personified at the, ii. 310 sq., ix. 309;

the festival of sowing, ii. 311 sq.;

the [pg 449] King of the, ii. 311, ix. 308, 311, 312;

licence granted to slaves at, ii. 312, ix. 307 sq.;

its relation to the Carnival, ix. 312, 345 sqq.;

its relation to Lent, ix. 345 sqq.

Saturnalia, licentious festival in general, at the marriage of Sun and Earth in Leti, Sarmata, and other East Indian islands, ii. 99;

traces of, at May Day and Whitsuntide, ii. 272;

preceding the trial and execution of kings at Fazolglou on the Blue Nile, iv. 16;

at ceremonies of the new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62 sq.;

at ceremonies of new fruits among the Pondos, viii. 66 sq.;

at New Year among the Iroquois, ix. 127;

at harvest among the Hos and Mundaris of North-Eastern India, ix. 136 sq.;

such licentious festivals generally precede or follow an annual expulsion of evils, ix. 225 sq.;

modern European analogies in Twelfth Night, the Festival of Fools, the Lord of Misrule, etc., ix. 312 sqq.;

in ancient Greece, ix. 350 sqq.;

in Western Asia, ix. 354 sqq.;

wide prevalence of such festivals, ix. 407 sqq.;

at celebration of puberty of a princess royal among the Zulus, x. 30 sq.;

at New Year among the Swahili, x. 135;

traces of, at Christmas, xi. 291 n. 2

Saturnine temperament of the farmer, vi. 218

Satyrs in relation to goats, viii. 1 sqq.

Saucers, divination by seven, on Midsummer Eve, x. 209

Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, their fast before war, iii. 163 n. 2;

effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 255

Saul, burial of, v. 177 n. 4

—— and David, v. 21

Saul's madness soothed by music, v. 53, 54

Savage, the, hidebound by custom, i. 217;

a slave to the spirits of his dead forefathers, i. 217;

his awe and dread of everything new, iii. 230;

our debt to, iii. 419 sqq.;

not illogical, viii. 202;

his belief that animals have souls, viii. 204 sqq.;

unable to discriminate clearly between animals and men, viii. 206 sqq., 310;

his faith in the immortality of animals, viii. 260 sqq.;

observational powers of, ix. 326;

secretiveness of, xi. 224 sq.;

his dread of sorcery, xi. 224 sq.

Savage community, the, ruled by a council of elders, i. 216 sq.

—— conception of deity different from ours, i. 375 sq.

—— custom the product of definite reasoning, iii. 420 n. 1

Savage Island, contagions magic of footprints in, i. 208;

kings killed on account of dearth in, i. 354 sq.;

cessation of monarchy in, iii. 17;

castaways and returned natives killed in, iii. 113;

mimic rite of circumcision in, iv. 219 sq.

—— philosophy, iii. 420 sq.

Savagery, the rise of monarchy essential to the emergence of mankind from, i. 217;

underlying civilization, i. 236

Savages believe themselves naturally immortal, iv. 1;

not to be judged by European standards, iv. 197 sq.;

lament for the animals and plants which they eat, vi. 43 sq.;

apologize to the animals which they kill, viii. 221 sqq.;

their regulation of the calendar, ix. 326

Savile, Lord, his excavations at Nemi i. 3 n. 2

Saviour Gods, title bestowed by the Athenians on Demetrius Poliorcetes and Antigonus, i. 390

Savo, one of the Solomon Islands, shark-ghost in, viii. 297

Savou, island of, treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 190;

dread of children who resemble their parents in, iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression)

Sâwan, Indian month, v. 242;

corresponding to August, ii. 149

“Sawing the Old Woman,” a Lenten ceremony, iv. 240 sqq.

Saws at Mid-Lent, iv. 241, 242

Saxe-Coburg, the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 139

Saxo Grammaticus, old Danish historian, x. 102 n. 1;

as to ceremony of standing on stones, i. 160;

on kingship obtained by marriage, ii. 280 sq.;

on the story of Hamlet, ii. 281 n. 2;

on understanding the speech of animals, viii. 146;

his account of Balder, x. 103

Saxons, marriage with a stepmother among the, ii. 283;

their vow, iii. 262

—— of Transylvania, precautions against witches on St. George's Eve among the, ii. 337 sq.;

loose knots and unlock locks at childbirth, iii. 294, 296;

the hanging of an effigy of Carnival among the, iv. 230 sq.;

“Carrying out Death” among the, iv. 247 sqq.;

their custom at maize harvest, iv. 254;

harvest custom of the, v. 238;

gird themselves with corn at reaping to prevent pains in the back, vii. 285;

their belief as to a quail in the last corn, vii. 295;

their customs at sowing, viii. 274 sq.;

story of the external soul among the, xi. 116

Saxon cure for rupture, ix. 52

[pg 450]

Saxon kings, their marriage with their step-mothers, iv. 193

—— story of soul as mouse, iii. 39 n. 1

Saxony, May or Whitsuntide trees in, ii. 68 sq.;

the Bridal Pair at Whitsuntide in, ii. 91;

sacred oaks in, ii. 371;

Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 208;

custom of “carrying out Death” in, iv. 236;

Westerhüsen in, vii. 134;

harvest customs in, vii. 134, 149;

the last sheaf called the Old Man in, vii. 137;

Oats-bride and Oats-bridegroom at harvest in, vii. 163;

fires to burn the witches in, x. 160

——, Lower, the need-fire in, x. 272

——, the Wends of, ii. 69, vii. 149, xi. 297;

their precautions against witches, ix. 163

Sayce, A. H., on kings of Edom, v. 16;

on name of David, v. 19 n. 2

Sayids in India think that a snake should never be called by its proper name, iii. 401 sq.

Scaloi, Drought, effigy of, used by the Roumanians in a rain-making ceremony, i. 274

Scamander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162

Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus, his bones used as talismans by the Turks, viii. 154

Scandinavia, female descent of the kingship in, ii. 279 sq.

Scandinavian custom of the Yule Boar, vii. 300 sqq.;

of the Yule Goat, viii. 327

Scania, province of Sweden, Midsummer fires in, x. 172

Scapegoat, plantain-tree as a, ix. 5;

decked with women's ornaments, ix. 192;

Jewish use of, ix. 210;

a material vehicle for the expulsion of evils, ix. 224

Scapegoats, he-goats employed as, among the Akikuyu, iii. 214 sq.;

inanimate objects as, ix. 1 sqq.;

animals as, ix. 31 sqq., 190 sqq., 208 sqq.;

birds as, ix. 35 sq.;

public, ix. 170 sqq.;

divine animals as, ix. 216 sq., 226 sq.;

divine men as, ix. 217 sqq., 226 sq.;

in general, ix. 224 sqq.

——, human, ix. 38 sqq., 194 sqq., 210 sqq.;

in classical antiquity, ix. 229 sqq.;

in ancient Greece, ix. 252 sqq.;

beaten, ix. 252, 255;

stoned, ix. 253, 254;

cast into the sea, ix. 254 sq.;

reason for beating the, ix. 256 sq.

Scarification as a mode of exorcizing demons and ghosts, iii. 105 sqq.;

of warriors, iii. 160 sq.;

of manslayer, iii. 180;

of bodies of whalers, iii. 191;

as a religious rite, viii. 75;

as a mode of conferring swiftness of foot, viii. 159;

of Zulu heaven-herds with heaven, viii. 160 sq.

“Scaring away the devil” at Penzance on the Eve of May Day, ix. 163 sq.

—— away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 168, 170, 171, 172, 174 sq.

Scarlet thread in charm against witchcraft, ix. 267

Scarli, poplar-trees burnt on Shrove Tuesday in Piedmont, iv. 224 n. 1

Sceptre of Agamemnon worshipped as a god at Chaeronea, i. 365

Schäfer, H., on the tomb of Osiris at Abydos, vi. 198 n. 1

Schaffhausen, the canton of, the cow at threshing in, vii. 291;

St. John's three Midsummer victims at, xi. 27

Schar Mountains in Servia, “living fire” kindled in time of epidemics in the, ii. 237;

the Slavs of the, ii. 238;

need-fire in the, x. 281

Scharholz, Midsummer log in Germany, xi. 92 n. 1

Schaumburg, Easter bonfires in, x. 142

Schechter, Dr. S., on Purim, ix. 364 n. 1

Scheil, Father, on Elamite inscriptions, ix. 367 n. 3

Scheroutz, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277

Scheube, B., on the bear-festivals of the Ainos, viii. 185 sqq.

Schinz, Dr. H., on the huts of the Herero, ii. 213 n. 2;

on the firesticks of the Herero, ii. 218, 218 n. 1

Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at sowing at, v. 238 sq.

Schlegel, G., on Chinese festival of fire, xi. 5 n. 1

Schleswig, custom at threshing in, vii. 230;

custom at rape-seed threshing in, vii. 287

Schlich, W., on mistletoe, xi. 315 sq.;

on Loranthus europaeus, xi. 317

Schlochau, district of, witches' Sabbath in the, xi. 74

Schloss, Francis S., on the rule as to the felling of timber in Colombia, vi. 136 n. 4

Schlukenau, in Bohemia, “burying the Carnival” at, iv. 209

Schmeckostern, “Easter Smacks,” in Germany and Austria, ix. 268 sq.

Schmidt, A., on Greek mode of reckoning intervals of time, iv. 59 n. 1;

on the octennial cycle, vii. 82 n. 2

Schmidt, W., on the superstitions of the Roumanians of Transylvania, ix. 107 n. 1

Schmiedel, Professor P., on the burning of Winter at Zurich, iv. 261 n. 1

Schöllbronn in Baden, “thunder poles” at, x. 145

Schonen, Southern, the last sheaf called the Beggar in, vii. 231 sq.

Schönthal, the abbot of, his fear of demons, ix. 105 sq.

[pg 451]

Schönwert, village of Bohemia, expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night at, ix. 161

Schoolcraft, H. R., on the secrecy of personal names among the North American Indians, iii. 325;

on North American Indian indifference to death, iv. 137 sq.;

on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 n. 1;

on renewal of fire among the Iroquois, x. 134 n. 1

Schörzingen, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231

Schrader, O., on the Twelve Days, ix. 326 n.

Schrenck, L. von, on the bear-festivals of the Gilyaks, viii. 191 sqq.

Schürmann, C. W., on the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216 sq.

Schüttarschen, in Bohemia, custom at threshing at, vii. 150;

the mythical Wood-woman at harvest at, vii. 232

Schuyler, E., on the “Love Chase” among the Kirghiz, ii. 301;

on a human scapegoat in Turkestan, ix. 45

Schvannes, bonfires, on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 n. 1

Schwalm, the river, in Hesse, “the Little Whitsuntide Man” at Röllshausen on the, ii. 81

Schwaz, on the Inn, in the Tyrol, St. George's Day at, ii. 343 sq.;

the “grass-ringers” at, ix. 247

Schwegler, A., on Servius Tullius, ii. 196 n.;

on the “sacred spring,” iv. 187 n. 4;

on the death of Romulus, vi. 98 n. 2

Schweina, in Thuringia, Christmas bonfire at, x. 265 sq.

Schweinfurth, G., on the reverence of the Dinka for their cattle, viii. 37 sq.

Schwenda, witches burnt at, x. 6

Science, the way for, paved by magic, i. 219;

generalizations of, inadequate to cover all particulars, viii. 37;

movement of thought from magic through religion to, xi. 304 sq.;

and magic, different views of natural order postulated by the two, xi. 305 sq.

Scipio, his fabulous birth, v. 81

Scira, an Athenian festival, x. 20 n. 1

Scirophorion, an Attic month, viii. 5 n. 1, 8 n. 1

Scirum, in Attica, Sacred Ploughing at, vii. 108 n. 4

Scissors in a charm to render a bridegroom impotent, iii. 301

“Scoring above the breath,” cutting a witch on the forehead, x. 315 n. 2;

counter-spell to witchcraft, x. 343 n.

Scorpion, Arab treatment of a man stung by a, iii. 95 n. 8

Scorpion's bite, the pain of it transferred to an ass, ix. 49 sq.

Scorpions, homoeopathic charm against, i. 153;

Isis and the, vi. 8;

a bronze image of a scorpion a charm against, viii. 280 sq.;

image of bird with scorpion in its mouth a charm against, viii. 281;

souls of dead in, viii. 290

Scotch crannogs, oak timber in the, ii. 352

—— cure by knotted thread, iii. 304 sq.

—— fishermen, their use of iron as a talisman, iii. 233;

their superstitions as to herring, viii. 252

—— fowlers and fishermen, words tabooed by, iii. 393 sqq.

—— witch, ix. 38 sq.

Scotland, magical images in, i. 68-70, 236;

witches raise winds in, i. 322;

notion as to whirlwinds in the Highlands of, i. 329;

magical virtues ascribed to chiefs in the Highlands of, i. 368;

the Highlanders of, their precautions against witchcraft, ii. 53;

St. Bride's Day in the Highlands of, ii. 94;

fertilizing virtue ascribed to wells in, ii. 161;

new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 n. 2;

race on horseback at a marriage in, ii. 304;

oaks in the peat-bogs of, ii. 350 sq.;

mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;

fear of portraiture in, iii. 100;

need-fire in, iii. 229, x. 289 sqq.;

iron as a talisman after a death in, iii. 236;

sickness thought to be caused by knots in, iii. 302;

common words tabooed in, iii. 392 sqq.;

words tabooed by fishermen and others in, iii. 394 sq.;

harvest customs concerning the last corn cut in, v. 237, vii. 140 sqq.;

the Highlanders of, sow in the moon's increase, vi. 134;

the last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in, vii. 155 sqq.;

custom of “dumping” at harvest in, vii. 226 sq.;

corn left unreaped at harvest for “the aul' man” in, vii. 233;

sayings as to the wren in, viii. 318;

custom of casting stones on cairns in the Highlands of, ix. 20;

cure for warts in, ix. 48;

witches burnt in, ix. 165;

Abbot of Unreason in, ix. 331;

sacred wells in, x. 12;

Celts called “thunder-bolts” in, x. 14 sq.;

Snake Stones in, x. 15 sq., xi. 311;

worship of Grannus in, x. 112;

Beltane fires in, x. 146 sqq.;

Midsummer fires in, x. 206 sq.;

divination at Hallowe'en in, x. 229, 234 sqq.;

bonfires at Hallowe'en in the Highlands of, x. 230 sqq.;

animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, x. 302;

“scoring above the breath,” a counter-charm for witchcraft in, x. 315 n. 2;

witches as hares in, x. 315 n. 1;

St. John's wort in, [pg 452] xi. 54;

the divining-rod in, xi. 67.

See also Highlands and Highlanders

Scotland, North-East, precautions against witches on May Day in, ii. 53

Scots pine, mistletoe on, xi. 315

Scott, Sir Walter, on witch at Stromness, i. 326;

on the fear of witchcraft, x. 343;

oaks planted by, xi. 166

Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, vi. 132, 134, 140;

their belief in bogies at Hallowe'en, x. 227;

their belief as to Snake Stones, xi. 311

Scourging the man-god before death, a mode of purification, ix. 257;

girls at puberty, x. 66 sq.

Scourgings, mutual, of South American Indians, ix. 262

Scouvion, x. 108.

See Escouvion

Scratching the person with the fingers forbidden, i. 254, x. 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 50, 53, 92;

as a magical rite to procure rain, i. 254 sq.;

rules as to, iii. 146, 156, 158, 159 n., 160, 181, 183, 189, 196;

as a religious rite, viii. 75

Scrofula, kings thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 368 sqq.;

chiefs of Tonga thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 371;

thought to be caused and cured by touching a sacred chief or king, iii. 133 sq., viii. 28;

vervain a cure for, xi. 62 n. 1;

creeping through an arch of vines as a cure for, xi. 180;

passage through a holed stone a cure for, xi. 187

Sculpin, the fish, called the rain-maker, i. 288

Scurrilities exchanged between vine-dressers and passers-by, vii. 258 n. 1

Scurrilous language at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38

Scylla, daughter of Nisus, the story of her treachery, xi. 103

Scythe used to behead cock on harvest-field, vii. 277, 278

Scythes whetted by reapers as if to mow down strangers in the harvest-field, vii. 229 sq.;

and bill-hooks set out to cut witches as they fall from the clouds, x. 345 sq.

Scythian kings, their regalia, i. 365;

human beings and horses sacrificed at their graves, v. 293;

married the wives of their predecessors, ix. 368 n. 1

Scythians put their kings in bonds in times of dearth, i. 354;

their oath by the king's hearth, ii. 265;

their belief in immortality, v. 294;

their treatment of dead enemies, v. 294 n. 3;

set store on heads of enemies, vii. 256 n. 1;

revellers disguised as, ix. 355

Sdach Méac, title of annual temporary king of Cambodia, iv. 148

Sea, navel-string and afterbirth thrown into the, i. 184, 185, 190, 191;

chief supposed to rule the, i. 337;

virgins married to the jinnee of the, ii. 153 sq.;

phosphorescence of the, ii. 154 sq.;

prohibition to look upon the, iii. 9, 10;

horror of the, iii. 10;

offerings made to the, iii. 10;

names of priests thrown into the, iii. 382 sq.;

special language employed by sailors at, iii. 413 sqq.;

scapegoats cast into the, ix. 254 sq.;

menstruous women not allowed to approach the, x. 79;

demands a human victim on Midsummer Day, xi. 26

——, bathing in the, on St. John's Day or Eve, v. 246, 248;

at Easter, x. 123;

at Midsummer, x. 208, 210, xi. 30

“—— of Erechtheus” on the Acropolis at Athens, iv. 87

Sea beasts, taboos observed by the Esquimaux in regard to the dead bodies of, iii. 205 sqq.;

Esquimau rules as to eating, viii. 84;

their bladders restored to the sea by the Esquimaux, viii. 247 sqq.

—— Dyaks of Banting, rules observed by women during the absence of warriors among the, i. 127 sq.

—— Dyaks or Ibans of Borneo, beat gongs in a storm, i. 328;

their worship of serpents, v. 83;

their festivals of the dead, vi. 58 sq.;

effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, vi. 253, 256;

their Head-feast in honour of the war-god, ix. 383 sq.

—— Dyaks of Sarawak, their sacred trees, ii. 40 sq.;

their stories of the origin of omen birds, iv. 126, 127 sq.;

their reasons for taking human heads, v. 295 sq.;

their Festival of Departed Spirits, ix. 154

—— -eagle in homoeopathic magic, i. 152

—— -god, human sacrifice to, ix. 255

—— -mammals, Esquimau atonement for killing, iii. 207;

taboos observed by the Esquimaux after the killing of, iii. 207 sqq.;

myth of their origin, iii. 207, viii. 246;

the goddess Sedna the mother of the, iii. 210

—— -slugs, ceremonies at the annual appearance of, in Fiji and Tumleo, ix. 141 sqq.

Seal, descendants of the, in Sutherlandshire, xi. 131 sq. See also Seals

Sealing up eyes, nose, and mouth of the dying to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31

[pg 453]

Seals, supposed influence of lying-in women on, iii. 152;

taboos observed after the killing of, iii. 207 sq., 209, 213;

supposed to have sprung from the severed fingers of the goddess Sedna, iii. 207, viii. 246;

care taken of the bladders and bones of, viii. 247 sqq., 257;

the bones of, returned to the sea, viii. 258 n. 2

Sealskins in sympathy with the tides, i. 167

Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, vi. 24

Seasons, Athenian sacrifices to the, i. 310;

magical and religious theories of the, v. 3 sq.

Seats placed for souls of dead at the Midsummer fires, x. 183, 184

Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, by the sky-goddess Nut, v. 283 n. 3, vi. 6

Seclusion of travellers after a journey, iii. 113;

of those who have handled the dead, iii. 138 sqq.;

of women at menstruation, iii. 145 sqq., x. 76 sqq.;

of women at childbirth, iii. 147 sqq.;

of tabooed persons, iii. 165;

of man-slayers, iii. 166 sqq.;

of cannibals, iii. 188 sqq.;

of men who have killed large game, iii. 220 sq.;

of girls at puberty, x. 22 sqq.;

of girls at puberty in folk-tales, x. 70 sqq.;

reasons for the seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 76 sqq.;

of novices at initiation, xi. 233, 241, 250, 253, 257 n. 1, 258, 259, 261, 264, 266

Second sight enjoyed by persons born with a caul, i. 187 sq.

Secret graves of kings, chiefs, and magicians, vi. 103 sqq.

—— language learnt at initiation, xi. 253, 255 n. 1, 259, 261 n.

—— names among the Central Australian aborigines, iii. 321 sq.

—— societies in the Bismarck Archipelago, jurisdiction exercised by, i. 340;

among the Indians of British Columbia, vii. 20;

in North-Western America, ix. 377 sq.;

on the Lower Congo, xi. 251 sqq.;

in West Africa, xi. 257 sqq.;

in the Indian tribes of North America, xi. 267 sqq.;

and totem clans, related to each other, xi. 272 sq. See also Belli-Paaro, Duk-duk, Kakian, Ndembo, Nkimba, Purra, and Semo.

Secretiveness of the savage, xi. 224 sq.

Sed festival in ancient Egypt, vi. 151 sqq.;

its date perhaps connected with the heliacal rising of Sirius, vi. 152 sq.;

apparently intended to renew the king's life by identifying him with the dead and risen Osiris, vi. 153 sq.

Sedanda, an African king, his suicide, iv. 38

Sedbury Park oak, in Gloucestershire, mistletoe on the, xi. 316

Sedna, an Esquimau goddess of the lower world, iii. 152, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, viii. 84, 246;

mother of the sea-mammals, iii. 210;

her annual expulsion by the Esquimaux, ix. 125 sq.

Sedum telephium, orpine, used in divination at Midsummer, xi. 61

Seed sown over weakly children to strengthen them, vii. 11;

sown by women, vii. 113 sqq.;

sown by children, vii. 115 sq.

See also Sowing

Seed-corn, fumigated with wood of sacred cedar, ii. 49;

fertilized at the Thesmophoria, vii. 63;

grain of last sheaf mixed with the, vii. 135;

holy grains mixed with the, to fertilize it, vii. 205;

taken from the last sheaf, vii. 278;

feathers of cock mixed with the, vii. 278, viii. 20;

ashes mixed with the, vii. 300;

bones of pigs mixed with the, vii. 300, viii. 20;

the Yule Boar mixed with the, vii. 301, viii. 20;

grain taken from the Corn-mother mixed with the, vii. 304;

pig's flesh sown with the, viii. 18, 20;

cakes made out of the last sheaf mixed with the, viii. 328;

charred remains of Midsummer log mixed with the, xi. 92

—— -rice, seed sown ceremonially mixed with the, iv. 149;

precautions at reaping the, vii. 181;

soul of the rice caught and mixed with the, vii. 189

—— -time, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 138

Seeds and roots, wild, collected by women, vii. 124 sqq.

Seeman, Berthold, on St. John's blood, xi. 56

Seers, their ears licked by serpents, viii. 147 n. 1

Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, dismembered after death, vi. 101, 102

Seirkieran, perpetual fire in the monastery of, ii. 241 sq.

Seitendorf, in Moravia, custom of “carrying out Death” at, iv. 238 sq.

Seker (Sokari), title of Osiris, vi. 87

Selangor, Malay State, rice-crop supposed to depend on the district officer in, i. 361;

durian trees threatened near Jugra in, ii. 21;

bringing home the Soul of the Rice at Chodoi in, vii. 198;

demons of disease expelled in a ship from, ix. 187 sq.

Selemnus, the River, its water a cure for love, ix. 3

Seler, Professor Eduard, on the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 29 n.;

Aztec [pg 454] text of Sahagun partially translated by, vii. 175;

on the Mexican festival of Toxcatl, ix. 149 n. 2, 277;

on nagual, xi. 213 n.

Seleucia, plague blocked up in hole at, ix. 64

Seleucus, a grammarian, v. 146 n. 1

Seleucus Nicator, king, his buildings at the temple of Zeus in Olba, v. 151

Seleucus the Theologian, v. 146 n. 1

Self-mutilation of Attis and his priests, v. 265

Seligmann, Dr. C. G., on the meaning of helaga in the Motu tribe of New Guinea, ii. 106 n. 2;

on the custom of putting Shilluk kings to death, iv. 17 sqq., vi. 163;

on the danger of allowing Shilluk kings to grow old, iv. 21;

on the right of candidates for the kingship to attack the Shilluk kings, iv. 22;

on the willingness of Shilluks to accept the fatal sovereignty, iv. 23;

on sickness as supposed to be caused by the soul of a dead Shilluk king, iv. 26;

on the divine spirit supposed to animate Shilluk kings, iv. 26 sq.;

on the Dinkas, iv. 30 sqq.;

on the custom of putting Dinka rain-makers to death, iv. 33;

on the five supplementary Egyptian days, vi. 6 n. 3;

on the worship of dead Shilluk kings, vi. 161 n. 2;

on the name of the Supreme Being of the Dinkas, viii. 40 n., 114 n. 2

Selkit, Egyptian goddess, patroness of matrimony, ii. 131

Selwanga, python-god of the Baganda, v. 86

Semang tribes of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among the, i. 360;

think that the souls of their dead chiefs transmigrate into wild beasts, iv. 85

Semangat, Malay word for the soul, iii. 28, 35, vii. 181, 183

Semele, mother of Dionysus, iv. 3;

how Zeus got Dionysus by, vii. 14;

descent of Dionysus into Hades to bring up, vii. 15

Semic in Bohemia, beheading the king on Whit-Monday at, iv. 209

Seminole Indians, souls of the dying caught among the, iv. 199;

their Green Corn Dance, viii. 76 sq.;

their fear of rattle-snakes, viii. 217

Semiramis, lustful Assyrian queen, ii. 275;

at Hierapolis, v. 162 n. 2;

as a form of Ishtar (Astarte), v. 176 sq.;

said to have burnt herself, v. 176 sq., ix. 407 n. 2;

the mythical, a form of the great Asiatic goddess, vi. 258;

mythical and historical, ix. 369 sqq.;

the mounds of, ix. 370, 371, 373, 388 n. 1;

her love for a horse, ix. 371, 407 n. 2;

the sad fate of her lovers, ix. 371;

perhaps supposed to be incarnate in a series of women, ix. 386

Semites, moral evolution of the, iii. 219;

sacrifices of children among the, iv. 166 sqq.;

agricultural, worship Baal as the giver of fertility, v. 26 sq.;

sacred stocks and stones among the, v. 107 sqq.;

traces of mother-kin among the, vi. 213

Semitic Baal in relation to the Minotaur, iv. 75

—— gods, uniformity of their type, v. 119

—— kings, the divinity of, v. 15 sqq.;

as hereditary deities, v. 51

—— language, Egyptian language akin to the, vi. 161 n. 1

—— personal names indicating relationship to a deity, v. 51

—— worship of Tammuz and Adonis, v. 6 sqq.

Semlicka, festival of the dead among the Letts, vi. 74

Semo, a secret society of Senegambia, xi. 261

Sena, island of, virgin priestesses in, ii. 241 n. 1

Sena-speaking people to the north of the Zambesi transfer sickness to effigy of pig, ix. 7

Senal Indians of California, their notion as to fire stored in trees, xi. 295

Sencis, the, of Peru, their ceremony at an eclipse of the sun, i. 311

Seneca, on sacred groves, ii. 123;

as to the soul on the lips, iii. 33 n. 3;

on the offerings of Egyptian priests to the Nile, vi. 40;

on the marriage of the Roman gods, vi. 231;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, vi. 233

Senegal, Cayor in, iii. 9;

Walo on the river, iii. 118;

precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289;

belief as to conception without sexual intercourse in, v. 93 n. 2;

myth of marriage of Sky and Earth in, v. 282 n. 2;

custom of throwing stones on cairns in, ix. 30 n. 2

Senegal and Niger region of West Africa, the wild fig-tree regarded as a fetish-tree in, ii. 317 n. 1

Senegambia, the Feloupes of, i. 297;

the Walos of, i. 370, xi. 79;

the Sereres of, iii. 70;

the Wolofs of, iii. 323;

the Mandingoes of, vi. 141;

Python clan in, viii. 174;

the Foulahs of, viii. 214;

stones thrown on graves of murderers in, ix. 16;

the Banmanas of, ix. 261;

secret society among the Soosoos of, xi. 261 sq.

[pg 455]

Senjero, sacrifice of first-born sons in, iv. 182 sq.

Sennacherib, his siege of Jerusalem, v. 25;

said to have built Tarsus, v. 173 n. 4

Sennar, a province of the Sudan, human hyaenas in, x. 313

Senseless Thursday, the last Thursday in Carnival, ceremony with whips and brooms in the Tyrol on, ix. 248

Seoul, capital of Corea, custom on New Year's Day at, iii. 283;

tiger eaten at, to make eater brave, viii. 145

Separation of children from their parents among the Baganda, x. 23 n. 2

—— of earth and sky, myth of the, v. 283

Sepharvites, their sacrifices of children, iv. 171

September, month of the maize harvest in modern Greece, vii. 48;

the 1st of, mock burial of flies by Russian girls on, viii. 279 sq.;

the 13th of, Roman custom of knocking a nail into a wall on, ix. 66;

expulsion of evils by the Incas of Peru in, ix. 128;

eve of the 1st of, new fire in villages near Moscow on the, x. 139;

the 8th of, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, x. 220;

the fire-walk in, xi. 9

Seranglao archipelago, custom as to children's cast teeth in the, i. 179;

rule as to gathering coco-nuts in the, iii. 201

Serapeum at Alexandria, vi. 119 n.;

its destruction, vi. 217

Serapis, the later form of Osiris, vi. 119 n.;

the rise of the Nile attributed to, vi. 216 sq.;

the standard cubit kept in his temple, vi. 217

Sereres of Senegambia, detention of souls by sorcerers among the, iii. 70

Seriphos, custom of swinging on Tuesday after Easter in, iv. 283 sq.

Serpent in homoeopathic magic, i. 154 sq.;

dried, in ceremony for stopping rain, i. 295 sq.;

hung up as a wind-charm, i. 323;

or dragon of water, ii. 155 sqq.;

or dragon personated by kings, iv. 82;

the Brazen, worshipped to the time of Hezekiah, iv. 86;

sacred, on the Acropolis at Athens, iv. 86;

as the giver of children, v. 86;

at rites of initiation, v. 90 n. 4;

fed by a woman out of a saucer, type in Greek art, viii. 18 n. 2;

killing the sacred, viii. 174 sq.;

ceremonies performed after killing a, viii. 192 sq.;

the Brazen, set up by the Israelites in the wilderness, viii. 281;

girls at puberty thought to be visited by a, x. 31;

supposed to swallow girl at puberty, x. 57;

ten-headed, external soul in a, xi. 104 sq.;

twelve-headed, external soul of demon in a, xi. 143;

external soul of chief in a, xi. 201.

See also Serpents, Snake, and Snakes

Serpent-god, married to human wives, v. 66 sqq.;

thought to control the crops, v. 67

Serpent's fat a charm against witches on St. George's Day, ii. 335

—— flesh eaten to learn the language of animals, viii. 146

Serpents impart a knowledge of the language of birds, i. 158;

in relation to St. George, ii. 344 n. 4;

purificatory ceremonies observed after killing, iii. 221 sqq.;

not to be called by their proper names, iii. 398, 399, 401 sq., 407, 408, 411;

transmigration of the souls of the dead into, iv. 84;

reputed the fathers of human beings, v. 80 sqq.;

as embodiments of Aesculapius, v. 80 sq.;

worshipped in Mysore, v. 81 sq.;

as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82 sqq., xi. 211 sq.;

fed with milk, v. 84 sqq., 87;

thought to have knowledge of life-giving plants, v. 186;

souls of dead kings incarnate in, vi. 163, 173;

offerings to, viii. 17 sq.;

in the “chasms of Demeter and Persephone,” viii. 17 sq.;

lick the ears of seers, viii. 147 n. 1;

inspired human mediums of, viii. 213;

charms against, viii. 281;

souls of the dead in, viii. 291;

and lizards supposed to renew their youth by casting their skins, ix. 302 sqq.;

burnt alive at the Midsummer festival in Luchon, xi. 38 sq., 43;

witches turn into, xi. 41;

worshipped by the old Prussians, xi. 43 n. 3;

in the worship of Demeter, xi. 44 n.;

the familiars of witches, xi. 202.

See also Serpent, Snake, and Snakes

Serpents' eggs (glass beads) in ancient Gaul, x. 15

Servia, rain-making ceremony in, i. 273;

mode of kindling fire by friction of wood in, ii. 237;

divination on St. George's Day in, ii. 345;

Midsummer fire custom in, x. 178;

the Yule log in, x. 258 sqq.;

need-fire in, x. 281, 282 sqq.

See also Servian and Servians

Servian forest, the great, ii. 237, 237 n. 1

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 110 sqq.

—— women, their charm to hoodwink their husbands, i. 149

Servians, their belief as to souls in the form of butterflies, iii. 41;

their precaution [pg 456] against vampyres, ix. 153 n. 1;

house-communities of the, x. 259 n. 1

Servitude of Apollo and Cadmus for eight years for the slaughter of dragons, iv. 70 n. 1, 78

Servius, Virgilian commentator, on the grove of Egeria, i. 18 n. 4;

on Virbius, i. 20 sq., 40, ii. 129;

on the worship of Virbius, i. 20 n. 3;

on Virbius as the lover of Diana, i. 21, 40;

on Dido's costume, iii. 313;

on the magical virtue of knots, iii. 313 n. 1;

on the legend of Erigone, iv. 282;

on the death of Attis, v. 264 n. 4;

on the marriage of Orcus, vi. 231;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, vi. 233;

on Lityerses, vii. 217 n. 1

Servius Tullius, Roman king, his innovation in Roman currency, i. 23 n. 5;

laws of, ii. 115, 129;

and Fortuna, ii. 193 n. 1, 272;

legend of his birth from the fire, ii. 195 sq., vi. 235;

said to have been an Etruscan, ii. 196 n.;

succeeded by his son-in-law, ii. 270;

his descent, ii. 270 n. 6;

his death, ii. 320 sq.

Sesostris, so-called monument of, in Lydia, v. 185

Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, vi. 6, viii. 30;

murders Osiris, vi. 7 sq.;

accuses Osiris before the gods, vi. 17;

brings a suit of bastardy against Horus, vi. 17;

his combat with Horus, vi. 17;

reigns over Upper Egypt, vi. 17;

torn in pieces, vi. 98;

the Egyptian devil, viii. 30;

the birth of, ix. 341.

See also Typhon

Setonje, village in Servia, need-fire at, ii. 237, x. 282 sqq.

Sety I., king of Egypt, represented in the hall of the Osirian mysteries at Abydos, vi. 108

Seven or multiples of seven in offerings to the dead, ii. 32

Seven bonfires, lucky to see, x. 107, 108

—— ears of last year's crop to attract the corn, vii. 190;

of rice to form the Soul of the Rice at harvest, vii. 198

—— knots in magic, iii. 303, 304, 305, 308

—— leaps over Midsummer fire, x. 213

—— -legged effigy of Lent, iv. 244 sq.

—— months' child, vii. 26, 29

—— rice-stalks cut and brought home with the King of the Rice in Mandeling, vii. 197

—— sorts of plants gathered at Midsummer, xi. 51 sq.

—— years, a were-wolf for, x. 310 n. 1, 316 n. 2

—— youths and maidens, tribute of, to the Minotaur, iv. 74 sqq.

Sevenoaks, in Kent, May garlands at, ii. 62

Seventh month of pregnancy, ceremony performed in the, i. 72 sq.

Sewing forbidden to women in absence of whalers, i. 121;

forbidden to women in absence of warriors, i. 128;

as a charm to blind wolves, ii. 330;

as a charm to render wolves powerless, iii. 307

Sex totems among the natives of South-Eastern Australia, xi. 214 sqq.;

called “brother” and “sister” by men and women respectively, xi. 215

Sexes, of plants, recognized by some savages and by the ancients, ii. 24;

influence of the, on vegetation, ii. 97 sqq.;

division of labour between the, vii. 129;

danger apprehended from the relation of the, xi. 277 sq.

Sextus Pompeius, his consultation of the Thessalian witch, iii. 390

Sexual communism, tradition of, ii. 284, 287

—— crime, blighting effects attributed to, ii. 107 sqq.

—— intercourse practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii. 97, 98 sqq.

—— orgies as a fertility charm, ii. 98 sqq.

Seyf el-Mulook and the jinnee, the story of, xi. 137

Sgaus, Karen tribe of Burma, will not mention their parents' names, iii. 337

Sgealoir, the burying-ground of, in North Uist, x. 294

Sgreball, three pence, tax paid to the king of Munster for each fire in Ireland, x. 139

Shades of dead animals, fear of offending, iii. 205, 206, 207

Shadow, the soul identified with the, iii. 77 sqq.;

injury done to a man through his, iii. 78 sqq.;

diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, iii. 86 sq.;

loss of the, regarded as ominous, iii. 88;

not to fall on a chief, iii. 255

Shadow Day, a gipsy name for Palm Sunday, iv. 243

—— -plays as a rain-charm in Java, i. 301 n.

—— Queen, the, thought to pass under ground in spring and reappear in autumn, iv. 243

Shadows of sacred trees not to be trodden on by women, ii. 34;

of people drawn out by ghosts, iii. 80;

animals injured through their, iii. 81 sq.;

of trees sensitive, iii. 82;

of certain birds and people viewed as dangerous, iii. 82 sq.;

of people built into the foundations of edifices, iii. 89 sq.;

of mourners [pg 457] dangerous, iii. 142;

of certain persons dangerous, iii. 173

Shahpur district of the Punjaub, rain-making in the, i. 278

Shakespear, Lt.-Colonel J., on the belief in demons among the Lushais, ix. 94

Shakespeare on death at the turn of the tide, i. 168

Shaking of victim as sign of its acceptance, i. 384 sq..

Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, captures Samaria, iv. 169;

carries the Israelites into captivity, iv. 171

Sham-fights at installation of Shilluk kings, iv. 24;

in honour of the dead, iv. 96 sq.;

at annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117 sq.;

at the first bringing in of the rice among the Kayans, vii. 98;

at the festival of new fruits among the Creek Indians, viii. 75;

(mimic battles) before going to war, viii. 207;

at festival of New Year among the Tenggerese of Java, ix. 184;

at the sacrifice of a woman among the Mexicans, ix. 289;

at festival of New Year among the Swahili, x. 135

—— graves and corpses to deceive demons, viii. 98 sqq.

Shaman, function of the, ix. 79 sq.

Shamanism, magical ritual of the Vedas akin to, i. 229;

among the Koryaks, ix. 101

Shamanistic faith and magic, period of, among the forefathers of the Indo-Germanic race, ix. 91

Shamans, the importance of, among the Maidu, i. 357 sq.;

expected to drive away demons and disease from the village, i. 358;

expected to inflict death and disease on hostile villages, i. 358;

bones of dead, placed in trees, ii. 32;

Buryat, their mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 56 sq.;

among the Thompson Indians, their mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 57 sq.;

Yakut, their mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 63;

among the Haídas kill the souls of foes, iii. 72 n. 1;

thought to swallow people's souls, iii. 76 sq.;

among the Navajos, ceremony performed by them over a returned captive, iii. 113;

in Corea, their control of demons, ix. 99, 100;

among the Koryaks, enjoy the favour of demons and pull out their invisible arrows, ix. 101, 126;

expel demons at the winter solstice, ix. 126;

among the Esquimaux, their grotesque masks of supernatural beings, ix. 379;

their second sight, ix. 380;

of the Yakuts and Samoyeds, keep their external souls in animals, xi. 196

Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, xi. 80 n. 3;

his human wives, v. 71

——, Semitic god, v. 16 n. 1

Shamashshumukin, king of Babylon, burns himself, v. 173 sq., 176

Shammuramat, Assyrian queen, and Semiramis, v. 177 n. 1, ix. 370 n. 1

Shampoo, the fatal, ix. 42

Shan custom on return from a funeral, iii. 51;

modes of disposing of cut hair and nails, iii. 277.

See also Shans

Shanga, city in East Africa, story of an African Samson at, xi. 314

Shanghai, geomancy at, i. 170

Shans of Burma, rules observed by wife of absent warrior among the, i. 128;

obtain rain by drenching images of Buddha, i. 308;

their theory of earthquakes, v. 198;

cut bamboos for building in the wane of the moon, vi. 136;

custom of executioners among the, viii. 155

—— of Indo-China, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 243

—— of Kengtung, their expulsion of demons, ix. 116 sq.

—— of Southern China, their annual expulsion of the fire-spirit, ix. 141

Shape, magical changes of, vii. 305

Shark, king of Dahomey represented with body of a, iv. 85

Shark Point, priestly king at, iii. 5, 123

—— -shaped hero named Sigai in the island of Yam, v. 139 n. 1

Sharks, ancestral spirits in, viii. 123, 127;

offerings of flying-fish set before images of, viii. 127;

temples dedicated to, viii. 292;

souls of dead in, viii. 292 sq., 297

Sharp instruments, use of, tabooed, iii. 205, 237 sqq.

Shaving forbidden, iii. 194; prisoners, reason of, iii. 273

Shawms blown to ban witches, ix. 160

Shawnee prophet, xi. 157

Sheaf buried as a magical rite, i. 69

—— of corn dressed up to represent Death, iv. 248

——, the first cut, thought to contain the soul of the rice, vi. 239, vii. 197 sq.;

lamentations over, vii. 215;

called the “Cross of the Horse” and trodden by the youngest horse on the farm, vii. 294

——, the largest and finest, buried in corn-field from seed-time to harvest, vii. 174 sq.

——, the last cut at harvest used to make Brüd's bed in the Highlands of Scotland, ii. 94 n. 2;

the Corn-mother in, vii. 133 sqq.;

thresher tied up in, vii. 134, 147, 148;

dressed or made up as a woman, [pg 458] vii. 134, 135, 136, 137, 139 sq., 140, 141, 145, 146, 148, 150, 153, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 166, 190 sq.;

drenched with water, vii. 134, 137, 145, 297;

given to cattle, vii. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170;

stones fastened to, vii. 135 sq., 138, 139;

harvester tied up in, vii. 134, 139, 145, 221, 222;

called the Harvest-mother, vii. 135;

called the Great Mother, vii. 135, 136;

called the Old Woman or Old Man, vii. 136 sqq.;

called the Grandmother, vii. 136;

person identified with, vii. 138 sq.;

corn-spirit caught in, vii. 139;

called the Cailleach (Old Wife), vii. 140 sqq.;

burnt and its ashes strewed on fields, vii. 146;

called the Bastard, vii. 150;

called the Child, vii. 151;

given to the cattle at Christmas, vii. 155, 158, 160 sq.;

cut by the youngest girl on the field, vii. 157, 158;

kept till Christmas, then given to a mare in foal, vii. 160, 161 n. 1;

given to the first mare that foals, vii. 160, 162;

called the Bride, vii. 162 sq.;

supposed to ward off fairies, vii. 165;

representative of the corn-spirit, vii. 168, viii. 48;

in Lower Burma, vii. 190 sq.;

called the Old Man, vii. 218 sqq.;

an object of desire and emulation, vii. 218 n. 2;

in India, vii. 222 sq., 234 n. 2;

called the Neck, vii. 266, 267, 268;

called the Head, vii. 268;

the corn-spirit caught in, vii. 270;

thresher of the last sheaf treated as an animal, vii. 271;

called the Bitch, vii. 272;

called the Wolf, vii. 273;

shaped like a wolf, vii. 274;

called the Cock, vii. 276;

live cock bound up with, vii. 278;

called the Hare, vii. 279;

called the Cat, vii. 280;

called the Goat, vii. 282, 283;

shaped like a goat, vii. 283;

made up in form of horned ox, vii. 289;

called the Buffalo-bull, vii. 289;

called the Cow, vii. 289;

race of reapers to, vii. 291;

called the Mare, vii. 292 sq.;

called the Fox, vii. 297;

made in form of fox, vii. 297;

called the Rye-boar, vii. 298;

called the Rye-sow, Wheat-sow, Corn-sow, or Oats-sow, vii. 298;

corn of, used to bake the Yule Boar, vii. 300 sq.;

the corn-spirit immanent in, vii. 301, viii. 48, 328;

loaves baked from, viii. 48;

used to bake cakes in form of goats, rams, and boars at Christmas, viii. 328;

the Yule log wrapt up in, x. 248;

reapers blindfold throw sickles at the, xi. 279 n. 4

See also Clyack, Kirn, Mell, Maiden

Sheaf, the last threshed called the Corn-goat, Spelt-goat, or Oats-goat, vii. 286;

shaped like a goat, vii. 287, called the Fox, vii. 297

Sheaf of oats made up to represent St. Bride or Bridget, ii. 94 sq.

Sheaves of wheat or barley burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 215

Sheba or Sabaea, the kings of, not allowed to quit their palace, iii. 124;

their priestly character, iii. 125 n.

Sheep torn by wolf in homoeopathic magic, i. 157;

driven through fire, ii. 327, xi. 11 sqq.;

bred by people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 n. 3;

used in purificatory ceremonies, iii. 174, 175;

shoulder-blades of, used in divination, iii. 229;

to be shorn when the moon is waxing, vi. 134;

to be shorn in the waning of the moon, vi. 134 n. 3;

reason for not eating, viii. 140;

ghosts of, dreaded, viii. 231;

used as scapegoat among the ancient Arabs, ix. 35;

made to tread embers of extinct Midsummer fires, x. 182;

driven over ashes of Midsummer fires, x. 192;

burnt to stop disease in the flock, x. 301;

burnt alive as a sacrifice in the Isle of Man, x. 306;

omens drawn from the intestines of, xi. 13;

passed through a hole in a rock to rid them of disease, xi. 189 sq.

——, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 290;

wetted as a rain-charm, i. 290;

witch in shape of a, x. 316

Sheep-headed women, statuettes of, found at Lycosura, viii. 21 n. 4

—— -skin, fumigation with, viii. 324

—— -skins, candidates at initiation seated on, vii. 38;

people beaten with, ix. 265

Sheitan dere, the Devil's Glen, in Cilicia, v. 150

Shell called “old man,” homoeopathic magic of, i. 158

Shells used in ritual of death and resurrection, xi. 267 n. 2, 269

—— of eggs preserved, viii. 258 n. 2

Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, vi. 88

Shepherd beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371

Shepherd's Isle, exorcism of strangers in, iii. 104

—— pouch thrashed as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 338

—— prayer, ii. 327 sq.

Shepherds, Roman, fumigate their flocks, ii. 327, viii. 42

Shepherds' festival, ancient Italian, ii. 326 sqq.

Sherbro, Sierra Leone, sacred society in the, xi. 259 sqq.

Shervaray Hills in Travancore, the Malayalies of the, iii. 402

[pg 459]

Shetland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326;

witches in, i. 326;

Yule in, ix. 167 sqq.

—— fishermen, their use of magical images, i. 69 sq.;

their tabooed words, iii. 394

Shields of manslayers struck to make them resound, iii. 178;

of the Salii struck with staves, iii. 233

Shifting cultivation, vii. 99

—— dates of Egyptian festivals, vi. 24 sq.

Shilluk kings animated by the divine spirit of Nyakang, iv. 18;

put to death before their strength fails, iv. 21 sq., vi. 163;

worshipped after death, iv. 24 sqq., vi. 161 sqq.

Shilluks, a tribe of the White Nile, iv. 17 sqq.;

custom of putting to death the divine kings, iv. 17 sqq., 204, 206;

their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, iv. 18 sqq., vi. 162 sqq.;

ceremony on the accession of a new king of the, iv. 23 sq., 26 sq., 204;

their worship of dead kings, iv. 24 sqq., vi. 161 sq.;

transmission of soul of divine founder of dynasty to all successors among the, iv. 198, 204

Shin, Loch, Hugh Miller on, iii. 40

Shinto rain-making ceremony, i. 297;

priest exorcizes demons of plague, ix. 118

Shinty, the Scotch name for hockey, viii. 323, 324 n. 1

Ship, sicknesses expelled in a, ix. 185 sqq.;

demons expelled in a, ix. 201 sq.