General Index (continued 10)

—— name changed in time of drought, i. 355

—— Race at Whitsuntide, ii. 84

—— skull, priest drinks beer out of, as means of inspiration, in Uganda, iv. 200, viii. 150

—— son, sacrifice of the, iv. 160 sqq., vii. 13, 24 sq.

—— widow, succession to the throne through marriage with, iv. 193

Kingaru, clan of the Wadoe in German East Africa, xi. 313

Kingdom, in ancient Latium, succession to, ii. 266 sqq.;

the prize of a race, ii. 299 sqq., iv. 103;

mortal combat for the, ii. 322.

See also Kingship and Succession

Kinglake, A. W., on the great Servian forest, ii. 237 n. 1

Kings, magicians as, i. 332 sqq.;

expected to give rain, i. 348, 350, 351 sq., 353, 356, 392 sq., 396;

punished for drought and dearth, i. 353 sqq.;

among the Aryans, magical powers attributed to, i. 366 sqq.;

often the lineal successors of magicians or medicine-men, i. 371;

the divinity of, i. 372;

worshipped and consulted as oracles, i. 388;

as gods in India, i. 403;

sacrifices offered to, i. 417;

temples built in honour of, i. 417;

of nature, ii. 1 sqq.;

of rain, ii. 2;

expected to make thunder, ii. 180 sq.;

[pg 334]

perpetual fire in houses of, ii. 261 sq.;

paternity of, a matter of indifference under female kinship, ii. 274 sqq.;

sometimes of a different race from their subjects, ii. 288 sq.;

chosen from several royal families in rotation, ii. 292 sqq.;

fat, ii. 297;

handsomest men, ii. 297;

long-headed, ii. 297;

supernatural powers attributed to, iii. 1;

their lives regulated by exact rules, iii. 1 sqq., 101 sq.;

taboos observed by, iii. 8 sqq.;

beaten before their coronation, iii. 18;

forbidden to see their mothers, iii. 86;

portraits of, not stamped on coins, iii. 98 sq.;

guarded against the magic of strangers, iii. 114 sq.;

forbidden to use foreign goods, iii. 115;

not to be seen eating and drinking, iii. 117 sqq.;

concealed by curtains, iii. 120 sq.;

forbidden to leave their palaces, iii. 122 sqq.;

compelled to dance, iii. 123;

punished or put to death, iii. 124;

not to be touched, iii. 132, 225 sq.;

their hair unshorn, iii. 258 sq.;

foods tabooed to, iii. 291 sq.;

names of, tabooed, iii. 374 sqq.;

taboos observed by, identical with those observed by commoners, iii. 419 sq.;

killed when their strength fails, iv. 14 sqq.;

regarded as incarnations of a divine spirit, iv. 21, 26 sq.;

attacks on, permitted, iv. 22, 48 sqq.;

killed at the end of a fixed term, iv. 46 sqq.;

related to sacred animals, iv. 82, 84 sqq.;

personating dragons or serpents, iv. 82;

addressed by names of animals, iv. 86;

with a dragon or serpent crest, iv. 105;

legends of the custom of slaying, iv. 120 sqq.;

the supply of, iv. 134 sqq.;

abdicate annually, iv. 148;

as lovers of a goddess, v. 49 sq.;

held responsible for the weather and the crops, v. 183;

marry their sisters, v. 316;

slaughter human victims with their own hands, vi. 97 n. 7;

torn in pieces, traditions of, vi. 97 sq.;

human sacrifices to prolong the life of, vi. 220 sq., 223 sqq.;

trace of custom of slaying them annually, vii. 254 sq.;

eat of new fruits before their subjects, viii. 63, 70;

magistrates at Olympia called, ix. 352;

marry the wives and concubines of their predecessors, ix. 368

Kings and chiefs tabooed, iii. 131 sqq.;

their spittle guarded against sorcerers, iii. 289 sq.

—— - and magicians dismembered and their bodies buried in different parts of the country to fertilize it, vi. 101 sq.

—— - and priests, their sanctity analogous to the uncleanness of women at menstruation, x. 97 sq.

——, dead, worshipped in Africa, iv. 24 sq., vi. 160 sqq., 191 sqq.;

turn into lions, leopards, pythons, etc., iv. 84;

reincarnate in lions, v. 83 n. 1, viii. 288;

sacrifices offered to, vi. 162, 166 sq.;

incarnate in animals, vi. 162, 163 sq., 173;

consulted as oracles, vi. 167, 171, 172, 195;

human sacrifices to, vi. 173

——, divinity of Babylonian, i. 417 sq.;

of Egyptian, i. 418 sq.

See also Divinity

——, English, touch for scrofula, i. 368 sqq.

—— fetish or religious, in West Africa, iii. 22 sqq.

——, Hebrew, traces of divinity ascribed to, v. 20 sqq.

——, the Latin, thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii. 195 sqq.

See also Latin

——, priestly, i. 44 sqq., v. 42;

of Sheba, iii. 125 n.;

of the Nubas, iii. 132

——, Roman, as deities in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 172 sq., 192, 193 sq.;

costumed like Jupiter, ii. 174 sqq.;

as public rain-makers, ii. 183;

as personifications of Jupiter, ii. 266 sq.;

as personifications of Saturn, ii. 311, 322.

See also Roman

——, sacred or divine, in great historical empires, i. 415 sqq.;

development of, ii. 376 sqq.;

of the Shilluk, iv. 17 sqq.;

Semitic, v. 15 sqq.;

Lydian, v. 182 sqq.;

put to death, x. 1 sq.;

subject to taboos, x. 2

——, Shilluk, divine, iv. 17 sqq.;

put to death before their strength fails, iv. 21 sq., vi. 163

——, temporary, iv. 148 sqq.;

their divine or magical functions, iv. 155 sqq.

——, Teutonic, i. 47

——, the Three, on Twelfth Day, ix. 329 sqq.

Kings of the Barotse worshipped after death, vi. 193 sqq.

—— of Dahomey and Benin represented partly in animal shapes, iv. 85 sq.

—— of Egypt worshipped as gods, v. 52; buried at Abydos, vi. 19;

perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, vi. 97 sq., 102;

as Osiris, vi. 151 sqq.;

renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen Osiris, vi. 153 sq.;

born again at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 156 sq.;

perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, vi. 154 sq., 156

—— of Fire and Water in Cambodia, ii. 3 sqq., iii. 17, iv. 14

—— of France touch for scrofula, i. 370

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—— in Greece, titular or sacred, i. 44 sqq.;

called Zeus, ii. 177, 361

—— of Sweden answerable for the fertility of the ground, i. 366 sq., vi. 220;

sons of Swedish king sacrificed, iv. 160 sq., vi. 220

—— of Uganda, dead, consulted as oracles, i. 196, iv. 200 sq., vi. 171 sq.;

their life bound up with barkcloth trees, xi. 160.

See Baganda and Uganda

Kings, The Epic of, Firdusi's, x. 104

Kings' fire, the, ii. 195 sqq.

—— Race, the, ii. 84

—— sisters, licence accorded to, ii. 274 sqq.

—— wives turned at death into leopards, viii. 288

Kingship, an annual office in some Greek states, i. 46;

evolution of the sacred, i. 420 sq.;

contest for the, at Whitsuntide, ii. 89;

burdens and restrictions attaching to the early, iii. 1 sqq., 17 sqq., iv. 135;

octennial tenure of the, iv. 58 sqq.;

triennial tenure of the, iv. 112 sq.;

annual tenure of the, iv. 113 sqq.;

diurnal tenure of the, iv. 118 sq.;

modern type of, different from the ancient, iv. 135;

under mother-kin, rules as to succession to the, vi. 210 n. 1;

mock, at the Saturnalia, ix. 308

—— in Africa under mother-kin inherited by men, not women, vi. 211

——, descent of the, in the female line, at Rome, ii. 270 sqq.;

in Africa, ii. 274 sqq.;

in Greece, ii. 277 sq.;

in Scandinavia, ii. 279 sq.;

in Lydia, ii. 281 sq.;

among the Danes and Saxons, ii. 282 sq.

——, double, at Sparta, ii. 290;

traces of, at Rome, ii. 290

——, nominal, left by conquerors to indigenous race, ii. 288 sq.

——, Roman, abolition of the, ii. 289 sqq.;

a religious office, ii. 289;

a plebeian institution, v. 45

Kingsley, Miss Mary H., on reincarnation of the dead in Nigeria, i. 411 n. 1;

on fetish kings in West Africa, iii. 22;

on soul-traps in West Africa, iii. 71;

on the confinement of the king of Benin to his palace, iii. 123 n. 2;

on negro notions as to blood, iii. 251;

on custom of killing chief, iv. 119 n. 1;

on secret burial of chief's head, vi. 104;

on West African belief in demons, ix. 74;

on the periodic expulsion of demons at Calabar, ix. 204 n. 1;

on external or bush souls, xi. 204 sq.;

on rites of initiation in West Africa, xi. 259

Kingsmill Islanders, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 64

Kingsmill Islands, first-fruits offered to a god in the, viii. 127 sq.

Kingussie, in Inverness-shire, Beltane cakes at, x. 153

Kinnor, a lyre, v. 52

Kinross, custom of “dumping” at harvest in, vii. 227

Kinship of men with crocodiles, viii. 212 sq., 214 sq.;

of men with tigers, viii. 216;

created by the milk-tie, xi. 138 n. 1

Kintu, the first man in Uganda, ii. 261

Kintyre, the last corn cut called the Old Wife in, vii. 142

Kioga Lake in Central Africa, ix. 246

Kiowa Indians, their treatment of the navel-string, i. 198;

relations of the dead change their names among the, iii. 357;

changes in their language caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 360 sq.

Kirauea, volcano in Hawaii, v. 216 sq.;

divinities of, v. 217;

offerings to, v. 217 sqq.

Kirchmeyer, Thomas, author of Regnum Papisticum, x. 124, 125 n. 1;

his account of Easter customs, x. 124 sq.;

of Midsummer customs, x. 162 sq.

Kirghiz, “Love Chase” among the, ii. 301;

divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 n. 4;

games in honour of the dead among the, iv. 97;

their story of girl who might not see the sun, x. 74

—— women will not pronounce names of their husbands' older relations, iii. 337

Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands, annual festival of the dead in, v. 56;

snakes as reincarnations of the dead in, v. 84;

presentation of children to the full moon in, vi. 144;

annual expulsion of spirits in, ix. 134

Kirk Andreas, in the Isle of Man, x. 306

Kirkland, Rev. Mr., on Iroquois sacrifice of white dogs, ix. 210

Kirkmichael, in Perthshire, Beltane fires and cakes at, x. 153

Kirn or kern, last corn cut, vii. 151, 152 sqq.;

name of the harvest-supper, vii. 158, 162 n. 3

—— -baby, vii. 151, 153

—— -doll, vii. 151, 153, 154

—— -supper, vii. 154

Kirton Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, witch as cat at, x. 318;

medical use of mistletoe at, xi. 84

Kirwaido, ruler of the old Prussians, iv. 41

Kisavaccha, an Indian ascetic, ix. 41

Kisser, East Indian island, worship of a measuring-tape in, iii. 91 sq.

[pg 336]

Kit-fox skin in rain-making, i. 288

Kitching, Rev. A. L., on the use of bells to exorcize the storm fiend, ix. 246 sq.;

on cure for lightning stroke, xi. 298 n. 2

Kites, artificial, used to drive away the devil, ix. 4;

paper, flown as scapegoats, ix. 203

Kiwai or Kiwaii, an island off New Guinea, vii. 106;

intercourse of men with their wives before going to war in, iii. 164 n. 1;

magic for the growth of sago in, vi. 101;

use of bull-roarers in, vii. 106, xi. 232

Kiziba, district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, vi. 173 sq.;

totemism in, vi. 173;

women's agricultural work in, viii. 118 sq.;

purification for the slaughter of a serpent in, viii. 219 sq.;

theory of the afterbirth in, xi. 162 n. 2

Klallam Indians of Washington State not allowed to bear names of deceased paternal ancestors, iii. 354;

prohibition to name the dead in the, iii. 365

Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130

—— River, in California, viii. 255

Klausenburg, in Transylvania, cock killed on harvest-field at, vii. 278

Kleintitschen, A., on the fear of demons in New Britain, ix. 82 sq.

Kleptomania, cure for, by means of spiders and crabs, ix. 34

Kling or Klieng, a mythical hero of the Dyaks, ix. 383, 384 n. 1

Kloo, in the Queen Charlotte Islands, restrictions imposed on girls at puberty at, x. 45

Klöppel (mallet), at threshing, vii. 148

Kloxin, near Stettin, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 220

Knawel, St. John's blood on root of, xi. 56

Knife as charm against spirits, iii. 232, 233, 234, 235;

adapted for religious suicide, iv. 55 n. 1;

divination by, x. 241;

soul of child bound up with, xi. 157.

See also Knives

“——, Darding,” honorific totem of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273, 274 sq.

Knives in homoeopathic magic, i. 158;

thrown at the wind, i. 329;

not to be left edge upwards, iii. 238;

not used at funeral banquets, iii. 238;

of special pattern used in reaping rice, vii. 184;

under the threshold, a protection against witches, ix. 162.

See also Knife

Knocking out of teeth as initiatory ceremony in Australia, i. 97 sqq.

Knot, the Gordian, iii. 316 sq.

Knots, tying up the wind in, i. 326;

prohibition to wear, iii. 13;

untied at childbirth, iii. 294, 296 sq., 297 sq.;

thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, iii. 299 sqq.;

thought to cause sickness, disease, and all kinds of misfortune, iii. 301 sqq.;

used to cure disease, iii. 303 sqq.;

used to win a lover or capture a runaway slave, iii. 305 sq.;

used as protective amulets, iii. 306 sqq.;

used as charms by hunters and travellers, iii. 306;

as a charm to protect corn from devils, iii. 308 sq.;

magical virtue of, iii. 309 sq., 312;

on corpses untied, iii. 310;

in a string as a cure for warts, ix. 48;

tied in branches of trees as remedies, ix. 56 sq.

Knots and locks, magical virtue of, iii. 310, 313

—— and rings tabooed, iii. 293 sqq.

Knotted thread in magic, ix. 48

Knowledge, the disinterested pursuit of, i. 218

Kobeua Indians of North-Western Brazil, their masked dances, vii. 111, ix. 236;

their way of sharpening their sight, viii. 164

Kobi, village in Ceram, first-fruits of rice offered to the dead at, viii. 123

Kobong, totem, in Western Australia, xi. 219 sq.

Koch-Grünberg, Th., on observation of the Pleiades among the Brazilian Indians, vii. 122 n. 1;

on the masked dances of the Indians of North-Western Brazil, ix. 382

Kochs or Kocchs of North-Eastern India, succession to husband's property among the, vi. 215 n. 2;

offer first-fruits to their ancestors, viii. 116

Koepang, in Timor, sacrifice to crocodiles in, ii. 152

Kôhen and Kâhin, soothsayer rather than priest in ancient Arabia, i. 230 n.

Köhler, Joh., lights need-fire and burnt as a witch, x. 270 sq.

Köhler, Reinhold, on the external soul in folk-tales, xi. 97 n.

Kohlerwinkel, near Augsburg, the last standing corn called the Sow at, vii. 298

Kois of Southern India, infant burial among the, v. 95

Koita, the, of British New Guinea, seclusion of manslayers among, iii. 168 sq.

Kolelo, in East Africa, ghost of sorcerer at, xi. 313

Kolem, in German New Guinea, magical powers ascribed to a chief of, i. 338

Kolkodoons of Queensland, their custom at circumcision, i. 93

Kollmann, P., on sultans responsible for rain, i. 353

Kols of North India will not speak of [pg 337] beasts of prey by their proper names, iii. 403

Kolvagat, village in New Britain, magical stone figures supposed to control the plantations at, ii. 148

Komatis of Mysore, their worship of serpents, v. 81 sq.

Kon-Meney in Cochin China, transformation of man into toad at, viii. 291

Kondes, of Lake Nyassa, avoidance of husband's father among the, iii. 336 sq.

Kondhs, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104

Koniags of Alaska, magical telepathy among the, i. 121;

their magical uses of the bodies of the dead, vi. 106

Königgrätz district of Bohemia, King and Queen on Whit-Monday in village of the, ii. 89;

beheading the Whitsuntide king on Whit-Monday in the, iv. 209 sq.

Königshain, in Silesia, custom of “Driving out Death” at, iv. 264 sq.

Konkan, Southern, mode of getting rid of cholera in, ix. 191 sq.

Konkaus of California, their dance of the dead, vi. 53

Konz on the Moselle, custom of rolling a burning wheel down hill at, x. 118, 163 sq., 337 sq.

Kooboos of Sumatra, their theory of the afterbirth and navel-string, xi. 162 n. 2

Koochee, a demon in Australia, i. 331

Kookies of Cachar, in India, marriage custom of the, i. 160 n. 3

Koossa Caffres, customs observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 n. 1

Koppenwal, church of St. Corona at, xi. 188 sq.

Koragia at Mantinea, vii. 46 n. 2

Koran on magical knots, iii. 302;

passages of, used as charms, iii. 305 sq., x. 18.

See also Coran

Kore, Maiden, title of Persephone, vii. 208

Kore expelled on Easter Eve in Albania, iv. 265, ix. 157

Korkus, the, of the Central Provinces, India, transfer sickness by means of a loin-cloth, ix. 7

Korong, human god, in the Pelew Islands, i. 389

Korwas, of Bengal, division of labour between men and women among the, vii. 123;

of Mirzapur, their use of scapegoats, ix. 192

Koryaks, of North-Eastern Asia, sacred fire-boards of the, ii. 225;

race for a bride among the, ii. 302;

their mode of detaining the souls of the dying, iii. 32 sq.;

voluntary deaths among the, iv. 13;

their ceremonies at killing bears, wolves, and foxes, viii. 223;

their ceremonies at the slaughter of whales, viii. 232 sqq.;

propitiate the foxes which they kill, viii. 244;

their belief in demons, ix. 100 sq.;

expulsion of demons among the, ix. 126 sq.;

their festivals of the dead and subsequent purification, xi. 178;

their custom in time of pestilence, xi. 179

Koshchei the Deathless, Russian story of, xi. 108 sqq.

Kosio, a dedicated person among the Ewe-speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, v. 65, 66, 68

Koskimo Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, iii. 144;

their cannibal rites, vii. 20 n.;

use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 n.

Kosti, in Thrace, carnival customs at, vi. 99 sq., vii. 23 sq.

Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia, iv. 261 sqq.

Kostroma, district of Russia, the burial of Yarilo in, iv. 262 sq.

Kostrubonko, funeral of, at Easter in Russia, iv. 261

Kot, a mythical being of New Britain, iii. 384

Kota Gadang, in Sumatra, rain-charm at, i. 308 sq.

Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be widowers, vi. 230

Kotchène, a Chukchee chief, sacrificed in time of pestilence, i. 367 n. 1

Kotedougou, in West Africa, annual dances of disguised men at, ix. 136 n. 1

Kothluwalawa, a sacred lake of the Zuni, viii. 179

Kou or Koo, Esthonian thunder-god, ii. 367 n. 4

Koui hunters in Laos, why they hamstring game, viii. 267

Koukoura, in Elis, swinging on St. George's Day at, iv. 283

Kowraregas, the, of the Prince of Wales Islands, avoidance of parents-in-law among, iii. 346;

changes of vocabulary among, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358 sq.

Krajina, in Servia, divination on St. George's Day at, ii. 345

Krapf, Dr. J. L., on a reported custom of sacrificing first-born sons in East Africa, iv. 183 n. 1

Krautweihe, the blessing of the herbs, on August 15th in Germany, i. 15 n. 2

Kreemer, J., on the fear of the dead among the Looboos of Sumatra, xi. 182 sq.

Kretschmer, Professor P., on native [pg 338] population of Cyprus, v. 145 n. 3;

on Cybele and Attis, v. 287 n. 2

Kreutzburg, in East Prussia, the harvest Goat at, vii. 282

Kriml, in the Tyrol, custom of throwing stones into the waterfall of, ix. 26 n. 1

Krishna, Hindoo god, his incarnation Govindji, i. 284;

his images swung in swings, i. 406;

thought to be incarnate in the Maharajas, i. 406;

annually married to the Holy Basil (tulasi), ii. 26;

his wife Rukmini, ii. 26;

festival of swinging in honour of, iv. 279;

worshipped by men who assimilate themselves to women, vi. 254

Kroeber, A. L., on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of California, x. 41 sq.

Krooben, a malevolent spirit among the Kamilaroi, viii. 100

Kruijt, A. C., on superstition as to written names, iii. 319;

on the custom of naming parents after their children, iii. 333 n. 5;

on head-hunting, v. 296 n. 1;

on the Indonesian conception of the rice-soul, vii. 182 sq.;

on Toradja custom as to the working of iron, xi. 154 n. 3

Kruman, his anxiety about his dream-soul, iii. 71

Kru-men of West Africa die from imagination, iii. 136 sq.;

personal names concealed among the, iii. 322 sq.

Kshetrpal, a Himalayan deity, viii. 117

Kshira, a village of Bengal, knife for religious suicide at, iv. 55 n. 1

Kü-yung, city in China, precautions against an evil spirit in, iii. 239

Kuar, an Indian month, vi. 144, ix. 181

Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, vi. 204 sqq.;

on the gods of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 sq.

Kublai Khan, his mode of executing a royal criminal, iii. 242

Kudulu, a hill tribe of India, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 244

Kuei-Ki, in China, i. 414

Kuel, whale-festival of the Koryaks at, viii. 232

Kuga, an evil spirit in Slavonia, expelled by fire, x. 282

Kuhn, Adalbert, on need-fire, x. 273;

on Midsummer fire, x. 335;

on the divining-rod, xi. 67

Kühnau, R., on precautions against witches in Silesia, xi. 20 n.

Kuinda, Cilician fortress, v. 144 n. 1

Κυκέων, the communion cup in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 n. 4

Kuker and Kukerica, carnival mummers in Thrace and Bulgaria, viii. 332, 333, 334

Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits among the, vi. 263

Kukis of Assam, parents named after their children among the, iii. 333;

their custom after killing a tiger, viii. 155 n. 5

Kuklia, Old Paphos, v. 33, 36

Kukulu, a priestly king in Lower Guinea, iii. 5

Kukunjevac, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Kulin nation of South-Eastern Australia, sex totems in the, xi. 216

—— tribe of Victoria, avoidance of the wife's mother in the, iii. 84;

man endowed with bear's spirit in the, xi. 226 n. 1

Kull Gossaih, goddess of a hill tribe in India, viii. 118

Kumaon, in North-Western India, custom observed by men who have been supposed dead, in, i. 75 n. 3;

rain-making in, i. 278;

use of frogs in rain-charms in, i. 293;

way of stopping rain in, i. 303;

bullocks as scapegoats at funerals in, ix. 37;

ceremony of sliding down a rope in, ix. 196 sq.;

the Holi festival in, xi. 2

Kumis, the, of South-Eastern India, their precautions against the demon of smallpox, ix. 117

Kunama, tribe on the borders of Abyssinia, consult a rain-maker, ii. 3

Kundi in Cilicia, v. 144

Kunnui, in Yezo, bear-festival of the Ainos at, viii. 185 sqq.

Kuopio, in Finland, sacred grove at, ii. 11

Kupalo, mythical being in Russia, funeral of, iv. 261, 262;

figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, v. 250 sq.;

a deity of vegetation, v. 253;

image of, burnt or thrown into stream on St. John's Night, x. 176;

effigy of, carried across fire and thrown into water, xi. 5, 23

Kupalo's Night, Midsummer Eve, x. 175, 176

Kupferberg, in Bavaria, harvest custom at, vii. 232

Kupole's festival at Midsummer in Prussia, v. 253

Kuria, in Thrace, masquerade at carnival at, viii. 332

Kurile Islands, the Ainos of the, viii. 180

Kurmis of India, marriage to trees among the, ii. 57 n. 3;

their use of a scapegoat in time of cholera, ix. 190

Kurnai, a tribe of Gippsland, wind-maker among the, i. 324;

their belief as to [pg 339] women's shadows, iii. 83;

avoidance of the wife's mother among the, iii. 84;

their fear of naming the dead, iii. 350 sq.;

their fear of the Aurora Australis, iv. 267 n. 1;

sex totems and fights concerning them among the, xi. 215 n. 1, 216

Kurs of East Prussia, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 137

Kursk, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277;

harvest custom near, vii. 233

Kururumany, the Arawak creator, ix. 302

Kuruvikkarans of Southern India, inspired priest of Kali among the, i. 382

Kurze, G., on the power of medicine-men among the Lengua Indians, i. 359

Kusavans, potters of Southern India, their votive images, i. 56 n. 3

Kushunuk, near Cape Vancouver, Esquimau festival at, viii. 249 n. 1

Kuskokwim River, in Alaska, ix. 380

Küstendil, in Bulgaria, need-fire at, x. 281

Kutonaqa Indians of British Columbia, their sacrifice of their first-born children to the sun, iv. 183 sq.

Kvasir, in Norse mythology, the wisest of beings, his blood and wisdom absorbed by Odin, i. 241

Kwa River, in West Africa, propitiation of goddess who dwells in the, ix. 28

Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, their treatment of the afterbirth, i. 197 sq.;

their contagious magic of wounds, i. 201 sq.;

their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 263, 324;

their custom as to coffining the dead, iii. 53;

the swallowing of souls by shamans among the, iii. 76 sq.;

customs observed by cannibals among the, iii. 159 n., 188 sqq.;

change of names in summer and winter among the, iii. 386;

their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n. 1;

cannibals among the, vii. 20;

their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220;

their belief in the resurrection of salmon, viii. 250;

their masked dances, ix. 376 n. 2, 378;

their story of an ogress whose life was in a hemlock branch, xi. 152;

pass through a hemlock ring in time of epidemic, xi. 186

—— medicine-men capture stray souls, iii. 67 n.

Kwilu River, in the Congo State, vii. 119

Kwun, the spirit of the head, in Siam, iii. 252;

supposed to reside in the hair, iii. 266 sq.

Kylenagranagh, the hill of, in Ireland, the fairies on, x. 324

La Ciotat, near Marseilles, hunting the wren at, viii. 321

L'Étoile, Lenten fires at, x. 113

La Manche, in Normandy, Lenten fire-custom in, x. 115

La Palisse, in France, dough man eaten at close of harvest at, viii. 48 sq.

La Paz, in Bolivia, Midsummer fires at, x. 213;

Midsummer flowers at, xi. 50 sq.

La Rochelle, effigy of Shrove Tuesday burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230

La Trobe River in Victoria, iii. 109

Labbé, P., on the inao of the Ainos, viii. 186 n.

Labour, division of, between the sexes, vii. 129

Labrador, fear of demons in, ix. 79 sq.

Labraunda in Caria, Zeus Labraundeus worshipped at, v. 182 n. 4

Labruguière, in Southern France, expulsion of evil spirits on Twelfth Night at, ix. 166

Labrys, Lydian word for axe, v. 182

Labyrinth, the Cretan, iv. 71, 74, 75, 76, 77

Labyrinths in churches, iv. 76;

in the north of Europe, iv. 76 sq.

Lac, taboos observed in gathering, i. 115

Lac gatherers not allowed to wash, i. 115

Lacaune, belief as to mistletoe at, xi. 83

Lacedaemon, Fig Dionysus at, vii. 4

Lachlan River, in Australia, novices thought to be slain and resuscitated on the, xi. 233

Lachlins of Rum and deer, superstition concerning, xi. 284

Laconia, stone associated with Orestes in, i. 161;

subject to earthquakes, v. 203 n. 2

Lactantius, on the grove of Egeria, i. 18 n. 4;

on Hippolytus as the lover of Artemis, i. 39 n. 1;

on sacrifice to Hercules, i. 282 n. 1;

on the rites of Osiris, vi. 85

Lacueva, Father, missionary to the Yuracares, ii. 205 n.

Lada, mythical being in Russia, the funeral of, iv. 261, 262

Ladakh, offerings of wheat-harvest to spirit of agriculture in, viii. 117

Ladder for the use of a tree-spirit, ii. 35;

to facilitate the descent of the sun, ii. 99;

for use of soul, iii. 47

Ladders of paper pinned to shoulders of women at Mid-Lent, iv. 241

Ladon, in Arcadia, the wooded gorge of the river, ii. 8

Ladyday, divining rod to be secured in the twilight between the third day and the night after, xi. 282

Laetare, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. [pg 340] 222 n. 1;

custom observed by the Germans of Moravia on, ii. 63

Laevinus, M. Valerius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Lafitau, J. F., on namesakes of the dead regarded as their reincarnation, iii. 365 sq.

Lagarde, P. A. de, on the “Ride of the Beardless One,” ix. 402, 405

Lagash in Babylonia, votive cones of clay found at, v. 35 n. 5

Lago di Naftia in Sicily, v. 221 n. 4

Lagos, in West Africa, i. 365, iv. 112;

Ibadan in the interior of, iv. 203;

human sacrifices for the crops at, vii. 239 sq.

Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, v. 231

Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, festival of the dead at, vi. 54 n. 2

Lahn, the Yule log in the valley of the, x. 248

Laibon, medicine-men among the Masai, i. 343

Laius and Oedipus, iv. 193

Lake inhabited by mythical serpents, i. 156;

by a dragon, xi. 112 sq.

Lake-dwellers of Europe, barley cultivated by the, vii. 132

—— -dwellings of prehistoric Europe, ii. 352 sq.

Lakes, gods of lakes married to women, ii. 150 sq.;

human victims thrown into, as offerings to water spirits, ii. 158 sq.

Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, gardens of Adonis in her worship, v. 243

Lakomba, an island of Fiji, reeds tied together to prevent the sun from going down in, i. 316

Lakor, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i. 131;

treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187;

theory of earthquakes in, v. 198;

annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, supposed to pervade the Holy Basil (tulasi) plant, ii. 26

Laluba, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-maker as chiefs among, i. 345

Lama of Tibet, the Grand, i. 411 sq., ix. 197, 220, 221, 222;

mode of determining a new, i. 411;

his palace at Lhasa, i. 412;

worshipped as a true and living god, i. 412;

and Sankara, iii. 78.

See also Lamas

——, the Teshu, embassy of George Bogle to, ix. 203

Lamaist sects, ix. 94

Lamas, Grand, Buddha supposed to be incarnate in the, i. 410 sq.

Lamas River in Cilicia, v. 149, 150

Lamb, blood of, drunk by priestess to procure inspiration, i. 381;

thrown into lake as offering to Hades, vii. 15;

killed sacramentally, viii. 314 sq.;

burnt alive to save the rest of the flock, x. 301

—— and pig as expiatory victims, iii. 226

—— of Mycenae, the golden, i. 365

Lambing, time of, ii. 328 n. 4

Lame, woman who throws fish-bones into sea, pretends to be, viii. 254

Lame Goat, the, at harvest in Skye, vii. 284

“—— reign,” Sparta warned against a, iv. 38

Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45;

of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, vi. 43 sq.;

of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” vi. 47;

of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, vi. 47 sq.;

pretended, for insects which destroy the crops, viii. 279 sq.

Laments for Tammuz, v. 9 sq.; for dead kings of Judah, v. 20;

for Osiris, vi. 12

Lammas, the 1st of August, great fairs in Ireland at, iv. 99, 100, 101;

a harvest festival; iv. 105;

superstitious practice of Highlanders at, x. 98 n. 1

Lamoa, gods in Poso, xi. 154

Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, vi. 261

Lampong in Sumatra, the natives of, adore the sea, iii. 10

Lamps, dedication of burning, i. 12 sq.;

in the grove at Nemi, i. 13;

to light the ghosts to their old homes, iii. 371, vi. 51 sq.;

for the use of ghosts at the Feast of All Souls, vi. 72, 73.

See also Lanterns

Lampsacus, citizens of, excluded from games in honour of Miltiades, iv. 94;

Persephone as corn-goddess on a coin of, vii. 44.

Lampson, M. W., on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146, 273

Lanarkshire, “burning out the Old Year” at Biggar in, ix. 165

Lancashire, custom of catching the breath and soul of the dying in, iv. 200;

All Souls' Day in, vi. 79;

Hallowe'en customs in, x. 244 sq.

Lancelot constrained to be king, iv. 120 sq., 135

Lanchang, a Malay craft, ix. 187

Land cleared for cultivation by men, vii. 113 sq., 117 sqq.

Landak, district of Dutch Borneo, the Dyaks of, names of parents and grandparents [pg 341] not to be mentioned among, iii. 340;

bride and bridegroom not to tread the earth among, x. 5;

birth-trees for children among, xi. 164

Lande-Patry in Normandy, game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 183

Landen, the battlefield of, outcrop of poppies on, v. 234

Landowners, sacrifices offered to spirits of former, vii. 228

Lane, E. W., on the fire-drill of the ancient Bedouins, ii. 209 n. 4;

on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 n. 1;

on the omnipresence of jinn in Egypt, ix. 104

Lanercost, Chronicle of, need-fire noticed in the, x. 286

Lanfine, in Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn at, vii. 154

Lang, Andrew, on stories of the type of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 130 n. 1;

on the bull-formed Dionysus, viii. 4;

on the fire-walk, xi. 2 n. 1;

on the bull-roarer, xi. 228 n. 2

Langenbielau, in Silesia, custom at threshing at, vii. 148 sq.

Langensalza, Grass King at Whitsuntide near, ii. 85

Langrim, a Khasi state, king elected by all adult males in, ii. 295

Language of animals acquired by eating serpent's flesh, viii. 146;

learned by means of fern-seed, xi. 66 n.

—— of birds, learned by means of serpents, i. 158;

learned by tasting dragon's blood, viii. 146

—— of birds and beasts, knowledge of the, possessed by Indian king, iv. 123

——, change of, caused by taboo on the names of the dead, iii. 358 sqq., 375, 380;

caused by taboo on the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 sqq.

—— of husbands and wives, difference between, iii. 347 sq.

—— of men and women, difference between, iii. 348 sq.

——, special, devoted to the person and attributes of the king of Siam, i. 401;

employed by hunters, iii. 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410;

employed by searchers for eagle-wood and lignum aloes, iii. 404;

employed by searchers for camphor, iii. 405 sqq.;

employed by miners, iii. 407, 409;

employed by reapers at harvest, iii. 410 sq., 411 sq.;

employed by sailors at sea, iii. 413 sqq.

——. See also Speech and Words

Lanquineros, Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before sowing, ii. 105

L 'ánṣăra (El Anṣarah), Midsummer Day in North Africa, x. 213, 214 n.

Lantana salvifolia, burnt by Nandi women in cornfields, vi. 47

Lanterns, the Feast of, in Japan, vi. 65, ix. 151 sq.

See also Lamps

Lanuvium, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 n. 1;

sacred serpent at, viii. 18

Lanyon, in Cornwall, holed stone near, xi. 187

Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 n. 5

Laodice, a Hyperborean maiden, at Delos, i. 34 n.

Laodicea in Syria, human sacrifices at, iv. 166 n. 1

Laon, Midsummer fires near, x. 187

Laos, a province of Siam, taboos observed by rhinoceros hunters and gatherers of lac in, i. 115;

taboos observed by wives of absent elephant-hunters in, i. 120;

rain-making at New Year in, i. 251;

fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 n. 4;

precautions against strangers in, iii. 104;

knotted grass a charm used by hunters in, iii. 306;

special language used by elephant-hunters in, iii. 404;

hunters never step over their weapons in, iii. 424;

boxers at funerals in, iv. 97;

infants at birth placed in rice-sieves in, vii. 8;

Koui hunters hamstring game in, viii. 267;

ravages of rats in, viii. 282 n. 8;

prayers at cairns in, ix. 29;

beginning of year in, ix. 149 n. 2;

elephant-hunters not allowed to touch the ground in, x. 5;

the natives of, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222

Laosian village, divinity of salt-pans at a, i. 410

Laosians of Siam, their belief in demons, ix. 97

Laphystian Zeus, his sanctuary at Alus, iv. 161;

ram with golden fleece sacrificed to, iv. 162;

sacrifices offered to, by the house of Athamas, iv. 163;

sanctuary of, on Mount Laphystius, iv. 164;

king's eldest son liable to be sacrificed to, iv. 164 sq., vii. 25

Laphystius, Mount, in the land of Orchomenus, iv. 164

Lapis manalis used in rain-making ceremony at Rome, i. 310

Lappland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326

Lapps will not extinguish fire in absence of fishers, i. 121;

the forest-god of the, ii. 125;

their customs after killing a bear, iii. 221, viii. 224, xi. 280 n.;

loose knots on lying-in women, iii. 294;

brass ring worn as an amulet among the, iii. 314;

reincarnation of ancestors among the, iii. 368;

fear to call [pg 342] bears by their true name, iii. 398;

arranged the bones of the animals they ate in anatomical order for the purpose of facilitating their resurrection, viii. 257;

their rule as to menstruous women, x. 91;

their story of the external soul, xi. 149 sq.

Larch-tree, sacred, in the Tyrol, ii. 20

Lares, images of the, beside the hearth, ii. 206

Larka Kols of India, their belief in tree-spirits, ii. 42

Larkspur, looking at Midsummer bonfires through bunches of, x. 163, 165 sq.

Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, v. 117

Laro, a Nuba spirit, viii. 114

Larrakeeyah or Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without cohabitation, v. 103;

their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 38

Larvae or lares, viii. 94 n. 5

Last day of the year, annual expulsion of demons on the, ix. 145 sqq.

See also Hogmanay

—— sheaf called “the Dead One,” iv. 254.

See Sheaf

Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, v. 279

—— statue of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 n. 1

Latham, R. G., on succession to husband's property among the Kocchs, vi. 215 n. 2

Latin Christianity, its tolerance of rustic paganism, ix. 346

—— confederacy, the, in relation to sacred Arician grove, i. 22 sq.

—— festival, the great (Feriae Latinae), iv. 283

—— kings thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii. 195 sqq.;

lists of, ii. 268 sqq.;

stories of their miraculous birth, ii. 272

—— League, the, ii. 386

—— mode of reckoning intervals of time, iv. 59 n. 1

Latins, sanctity of the woodpecker among the, iv. 186 n. 4

Latinus, King, changed into Latian Jupiter, ii. 187;

founder of the Alban dynasty, ii. 197;

his wife a Vestal, ii. 235;

his disappearance, iv. 283

Latium, many local Jupiters in, ii. 184;

in antiquity, the woods of, ii. 188;

succession to the kingdom in ancient, ii. 266 sqq.;

female descent of the kingship in, ii. 271;

the rustic militia of, shod only on one foot, iii. 311

Latuka, Lion-chief in, viii. 228

Latukas of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 346;

punish their chiefs for drought and failure of the crops, i. 354;

custom at childbirth among the, iii. 245;

burn women's hair after childbirth, iii. 284

Laughing forbidden to hunters, iii. 196

Laughlan Islanders, their belief and custom as to shooting stars, iv. 63

Launceston, in Cornwall, Midsummer bonfire near, ii. 141

Laurel grown in place of purification, i. 26;

eaten by Apollo's prophetess, i. 384;

Apollo's prophetess fumigated with, i. 384;

branch of, carried by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175;

wreath of, worn by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175;

used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252;

Cadmus crowned with, iv. 78 sq., vi. 241;

crown of, substituted for crown of oak leaves as prize in the Pythian games, iv. 80;

reason for substitution of laurel for oak, iv. 81 sq.;

Apollo crowned with wreath of laurel at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240;

gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, v. 143;

in purificatory rites, vi. 240 sq., ix. 262

——, sacred, used to form the victor's crown at Delphi and Thebes, iv. 78 sqq.;

guarded by a dragon, iv. 79 sq.;

chewed by priestess of Apollo, iv. 80

Laurel-Bearer at Thebes, iv. 88 sq., vi. 241

—— bearing, festival of the, at Thebes, iv. 78 sq., 88 sq., vi. 241

—— -Bearing Apollo, iv. 79 n. 3

Laurels, in sacred grove of Dia, ii. 122;

in Latium, ii. 188;

Roman ceremony of renewing the, ix. 346 n. 1

Laurus and Florus, feast of, on August 18th, x. 220

Lausitz, Midsummer fires in, x. 170;

marriage oaks in, xi. 165.

See also Lusatia

Lavinia, daughter of Amata, ancestress of the Alban kings, ii. 197, 197 n. 4

Lavinium, worship of Vesta at, i. 14, ii. 197 n. 4

Lawes, W. G., on the belief in ghosts among the natives of British New Guinea, ix. 84 sq.

Lawgivers, ancient, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, x. 95 sq.

Laws of Manu, on the effects of a good king's reign, i. 366;

on the divinity of kings and Brahmans, i. 403;

on a father as born again in his own son, iv. 188;

on the transmigration of evil-doers into animals, viii. 298 sq.

Laws of nature, the conception of, not primitive, i. 374

Laying hands on children to bless them, i. 367

Laziness transferred to a cornel-tree, ix. 55

[pg 343]

Lazy Man, a Midsummer masker enclosed in a leafy framework, ii. 83

Le Mole, on the Lake of Nemi, i. 17

Lead, melted, in Arab cure for melancholy or madness, ix. 4;

divination by melted lead at Hallowe'en, x. 242

Leaf, lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67.

See also Leaves

Leaf-clad dancers, vii. 95

—— -clad mummer on Midsummer Day, xi. 25 sq.

—— -clad mummers, ii. 74 sqq., 78 sqq.;

mock marriage of, ii. 97;

represent the powers of vegetation, ii. 97;

at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 sqq.

—— King, the, at Hildesheim on Whit-Monday, ii. 85

—— Man representative of tree-god in India, ix. 61;

the Little, in spring at Ruhla in Thüringen, ii. 80 sq.

Leafy bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 sq.

Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, v. 187 n. 6

Leaning against a tree prohibited to warriors, iii. 162, 163

Leaping, a contest at the Eleusinian games, vii. 110

—— over fire at the Parilia, ii. 327;

as a Roman purification, ii. 329;

as a form of purification among the Esquimaux, viii. 249;

after a burial to escape the ghost, xi. 18

—— over bonfires to make the flax or hemp grow tall, v. 251, x. 119, 165, 166 sq., 168, 173, 174, 337;

to get rid of the devil, ix. 156;

to ensure good crops, x. 107;

as a preventive of colic, x. 107, 195 sq., 344;

to ensure a happy marriage, x. 107, 108;

to ensure a plentiful harvest, x. 155, 156;

to be free from backache at reaping, x. 165, 168;

as a preventive of fever, x. 166, 173, 194;

for luck, x. 171, 189;

in order to be free from ague, x. 174;

in order to marry and have many children, x. 204, 338 sq.;

as cure of sickness, x. 214;

to procure offspring, x. 214, 338;

over ashes of fire as remedy for skin diseases, xi. 2;

a panacea for almost all ills, xi. 20;

as a protection against witchcraft, xi. 40

—— and dancing to make the crops grow high, i. 137 sqq., vii. 110, viii. 330 sq., ix. 232, 238 sqq.

—— of women over the Midsummer bonfires to ensure an easy delivery, x. 194, 339.

See also Jumping

Leaps, high and long, at New Year festival of the Kayans, vii. 98;

of the Salii at Rome, ix. 232;

of lovers over the Mid-summer bonfires, x. 165, 166, 168, 174.

See Leaping

Learchus, son of King Athamas, iv. 161;

killed by his father, iv. 162, vii. 24

Leared, A., on the Isowa or Aïsawa sect in Morocco, vii. 21 sq.

Leather, Mrs. Ella Mary, on the Yule log in Herefordshire, x. 257 sq.

Leather of priestess's shoes not to be made from hide of beast that died a natural death, iii. 14

Leavened bread, Flamen Dialis not allowed to touch, iii. 13

Leaves, disease transferred to, ix. 2, 259;

fatigue transferred to, ix. 8 sqq.;

thrown on dead chameleons, ix. 28;

thrown on heap at ford, ix. 28;

used to expel demons, ix. 201, 206, 262.

See also Leaf

—— and flowers as talismans, vi. 242 sq.

—— and twigs of trees as fodder of cattle in Southern Europe, ii. 328

Leaving food over, taboos on, iii. 126 sqq.

Leavings of food, magic wrought by means of, iii. 118, 119, 126 sqq.

Lebadea, altar of Rainy Zeus at, ii. 360 n. 8;

Trophonius at, iv. 166 n. 1.

Lebanon, peasants of the, their custom as to children's cast teeth, i. 181 sq.;

the forests of Mount, v. 14;

the charm of the, v. 235;

peasants of the, their dread of menstruous women, x. 83 sq.

——, Aphrodite of the, v. 30

——, Baal of the, v. 32

Lech, a tributary of the Danube, vi. 70;

Midsummer fires in the valley of the, x. 166

Lechrain, milk-stones in, i. 165;

Burial of the Carnival in, iv. 231;

Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 sq.;

the divining rod in, xi. 68

Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination, vi. 199;

on the treatment of magic and witchcraft by the Christian Church, xi. 42 n. 2

Lecœur, J., on weather forecasts for the year in the Bocage of Normandy, ix. 323

Lee, the laird of, his “cureing stane,” x. 325

Leeches, charm against, viii. 281

Leeds, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

Leeting the witches, x. 245

Lefébure, E., on Typhon in the form of a boar, viii. 30 n. 4

Left shoe of bridegroom to be without buckle or latchet, iii. 300

Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, vi. 249 sq.

Legends of the custom of slaying kings, iv. 120 sqq.;

told as charms, vii. 102 [pg 344] sq.;

of persons who could not die, x. 99 sq.

Legs not to be crossed, iii. 295, 298 sq.

—— and thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, x. 296 n. 1, 325

Lehmann-Haupt, Professor C. F., on the historical Semiramis, v. 177 n. 1;

on the historical reality of Christ, ix. 412 n. 2;

on the date of the crucifixion, ix. 415 n. 1

Lehner, Stefan, on stories told to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 104;

on the fear of demons in German New Guinea, ix. 83 sq.

Leicestershire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n. 1

Leine, river of Central Germany, water drawn from it silently on Easter night, x. 124

Leinster, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. 11;

the fair of Carman in, iv. 100;

legend of the voluntary death of monks to stay a pestilence in, iv. 159 n. 1;

Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Leipsic, “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 236

Leitch, Archie, as to the harvest Maiden on the Gareloch, vii. 158 n. 1

Leith Links, witches burnt on, ix. 165

Leitmeritz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in, viii. 326

Leitrim, County, Midsummer fires in, x. 203;

divination at Hallowe'en in, x. 242;

need-fire in, x. 297;

witch as hare in, x. 318

Leleen, the, a priest in Celebes, iii. 129

Leme, the river, at Ludlow, ix. 182

Lemnos, new fire brought annually from Delos to, i. 32, x. 138;

worship of Hephaestus in, x. 138

Lemon, external souls of ogres in a, xi. 102

Lemons distasteful to the spirits of tin, iii. 407

Lenaean festival of Dionysus at Athens presided over by the King, i. 44

Lenaeon, a Greek month, vii. 66

Lendu tribe of Central Africa, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 348

Lengua Indians of the Gran Chaco, their ceremony to make the sun shine, i. 313;

fling sticks at a whirlwind, i. 330;

power of magicians among the, i. 359;

their belief as to dreams, iii. 38;

after a death the survivors change their names among the, iii. 357;

their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 11;

their fear of meteors, iv. 63;

their practice of killing first-born girls, iv. 186;

their custom of infanticide, iv. 197;

their festivals at the rising of the Pleiades, vii. 309;

their way of bilking the ghosts of ostriches, viii. 245;

their fear of demons, ix. 78 sq.;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56;

masquerade of boys among the, x. 57 n. 1;

marriage feast extinct among the, x. 75 n. 2

Lenormant, François, on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 39 n. 1;

on Demeter as an Earth goddess, vii. 40 n. 3

Lent, personified by an actor or effigy, iv. 226, 230;

symbolized by a seven-legged effigy, iv. 244 sq.;

ceremony at Halberstadt in, ix. 214;

perhaps derived from an old pagan period of abstinence observed for the growth of the seed, ix. 347 sqq.;

rule of continence during, ix. 348

——, the Buddhist, ix. 349 sq.

——, the Indian and Fijian, v. 90

——, Queen of, iv. 244

——, and the Saturnalia, ix. 345 sqq.

——, the first Sunday in, bonfires and torches on, x. 107 sqq.

——, the third Sunday in, Death carried out on, iv. 238

——, the fourth Sunday in, Death carried out on, ii. 73 sq., iv. 233 sq., 235, 236;

girl called the Queen on, ii. 87;

called Dead Sunday, or Mid-Lent, iv. 221, 222 n. 1, 233 sqq., 250, 255

——, the fifth Sunday in, Death carried out on, iv. 234 sq., 239

Lenten fast, its origin, ix. 348

—— fires, x. 106 sqq.

Lenz, H. O., on ancient names for mistletoe, xi. 318

Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, v. 305

—— the Tenth, pope, his boar-hunting, i. 6 sq.

Leobschütz, district of Silesia, “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268;

Midsummer fires in, x. 170

Leonard, Major A. G., on death from imagination in Africa, iii. 136 sq.;

on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, vi. 222;

on the custom of licking the blood from a sword with which a man has been killed, viii. 155;

on the periodic expulsion of demons at Calabar, ix. 204 n. 1;

on souls of people in animals, xi. 206 n. 2

Leonidas, funeral games in his honour, iv. 94

Leopard, supposed transformation of a man into a, in West Africa, iv. 83 sq.;

the commonest familiar of Fan wizards, xi. 202.

See also Leopards

Leopard Societies of Western Africa, iv. 83

Leopard's blood drunk, or its flesh or [pg 345] heart eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 141 sq.

Leopard's whiskers in a charm, viii. 167

Leopards, dead kings turn into, iv. 84;

related to royal family of Dahomey, iv. 85;

inspired human mediums of, viii. 213;

revered by the Igaras of the Niger, viii. 228;

ceremonies observed by the Ewe negroes after the slaughter of, viii. 228 sqq.;

souls of dead in, viii. 288, 289; lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206;

external human souls in, xi. 207.

See also Leopard

Lepanto, the Ignorrotes of, ii. 30

Leper disinterred as rain-charm, i. 285

Lepers sacrificed to the Mexican goddess of the White Maize, vii. 261;

Mexican goddess of, ix. 292

Lepers' Island, the soul as an eagle in, iii. 34;

child's soul brought back in, iii. 65

Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, v. 23 sq.;

thought to be caused by drinking pig's milk, viii. 24, 25;

caused by eating a sacred animal, viii. 25 sqq.;

thought to be caused by injuring a totemic animal, viii. 26 sq.;

in the Old Testament, viii. 27;

Hebrew custom as to, ix. 35;

Mexican goddess of, ix. 292

Lepsius, R., on a sort of carnival in Fazoql, iv. 17 n. 2;

his identification of Osiris with the sun, vi. 121 sq.

Lerbach, in the Harz Mountains, custom on Midsummer Day at, ii. 66

Lerida in Catalonia, funeral of the Carnival at, iv. 225 sq.

Lerons of Borneo, use of magical images among the, i. 59

Lerotse leaves used in purification, viii. 69

Lerpiu, a powerful spirit revered by the Dinka and embodied in the rain-maker, iv. 32

Lerwick, winds sold at, i. 326;

ceremony of Up-helly-a' at, ix. 169, x. 269 n. 1;

Christmas guizing at, x. 268 sq.;

procession with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at, x. 268

Lesachthal (Carinthia), new fire at Easter in the, x. 124

Lesbos, barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22;

superstition as to shadows in, iii. 89;

building custom in, iii. 89;

charm to prevent the consummation of marriage in, iii. 300;

the harvest Hare in, vii. 280;

sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;

fires on St. John's Eve in, x. 211 sq.

Leschiy, a woodland spirit in Russia, ii. 124 sq.

Leslie, David, on Caffre belief as to spirits of the dead incarnate in serpents, xi. 211 n. 2, 212 n.

Lesneven, in Brittany, burning of an effigy (of Carnival) on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 229 sq.

Leti, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i. 131;

treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187;

marriage of the Sun and Earth in, ii. 98 sq.;

theory of earthquakes in, v. 198;

annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Leto said to have clasped a tree before bearing Apollo and Artemis, ii. 58

Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, vi. 11

Lettermore Island, Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Letts of Russia, swing to make the flax grow high, iv. 157, 277, vii. 107;

their celebration of the summer solstice, iv. 280;

their annual festival of the dead, vi. 74 sq.;

their sacrifices to wolves, viii. 284;

Midsummer fires among the, x. 177 sq.;

gather aromatic plants on Midsummer Day, xi. 50

Leucadia, magical rock in, i. 161

Leucadians, their use of human scapegoats, ix. 254

Leucippe, daughter of Minyas, her Bacchic fury, iv. 164

Lévi, Professor Sylvain, on the magical nature of sacrifice in ancient India, i. 228 sq.

Leviathan or Rahab, a dragon of the sea, iv. 106 n. 2

Leviticus (xviii. 24 sq.) on sexual crime as a defilement of the land, ii. 114 sq.

Lewin, Captain T. H., on the tug-of-war among the Chukmas, ix. 174 sq.

Lewis, E. W., on the sting of bees as a cure for rheumatism, iii. 106 n. 2

Lewis, Rev. Thomas, on the mind of the savage, iii. 420 n. 1

Lewis, Professor W. J., x. 127 n. 1

Lewis the Pious, institutes the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83

Lewis, the island of, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326;

need-fire in, ii. 238, x. 293;

the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 140 sq.;

custom of fiery circle in the, x. 151 n.

Lexicon Mythologicum, author of, on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 n. 3

Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia, vi. 174

Lezayre parish, in the Isle of Man, custom on May Day in, ii. 54

Lhasa, the Dalai Lama of, i. 411 sq.;

[pg 346]

ceremony of the Tibetan New Year at, ix. 197 sq., 218 sqq.

Lhoosai, the, of South-Eastern India, their harvest festival, ii. 48;

woman's share in agriculture among, vii. 122

Lhota Naga, tribe of the Brahmapootra valley, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 243 sq.

Lhwyd, Edward, on snake stones, x. 16 n. 1

“Liar's mound, the,” in Borneo, ix. 14

Libanius, on human life before Demeter, vii. 43 n. 1

Libations offered by maidens to the dead maiden Iphinoe, i. 28;

in honour of tree-spirits, ii. 46, 51;

Roman rule as to wine offered in, iii. 249 n. 2;

of beer to dead bears, viii. 181, 186;

of beer to the fire-god and house-god, viii. 185

Libchowic, in Bohemia, girl called the Queen on the fourth Sunday in Lent at, ii. 87

Libebé, African kingdom, kings as rain-makers in, i. 348

Liber, Father, the Italian counterpart of Dionysus, vii. 12;

Roman sacrifice of new wine to, viii. 133

Liberty, despotism more favourable than savagery to, i. 218

Libyans, the Alitemnian, awarded the kingdom to the fleetest runner, ii. 299.

See also Panebian

Licata, in Sicily, St. Angelo ill-treated at, i. 300

Licence accorded to slaves at the Saturnalia, ii. 312, ix. 307 sq., 350 sq., 351 sq.;

accorded to female slaves at the Nonae Caprotinae, ii. 313 sq.;

periods of, viii. 62, 63, 66 sqq., ix. 225 sq., 306, 328 sq., 343, 344, x. 135;

annual periods of general, ix. 127, 131, 226 n. 1;

month of general, ix. 148;

periods of, preceding or following the annual expulsion of demons, ix. 251;

at Midsummer festival, x. 180, 339

Licentious rites for the fertilization of the ground, ix. 177

Lichfield, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, vi. 232

Licorice root used to beat people with at Easter, ix. 269

Lie down, manslayers forbidden to, iii. 179

Liebrecht, F., on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 n. 2;

on the Sacaea, ix. 392 n. 1

Liège, Lenten fires near, x. 108

Lienz in the Tyrol, masquerade on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 242, 245

Lierre, in Belgium, the witches' Sabbath at, xi. 73

Life, the Egyptian symbol of, ii. 133;

in the blood, iii. 241, 250;

human, valued more highly by Europeans than by many other races, iv. 135 sq.;

of community bound up with life of divine king, x. 1 sq.;

the water of, xi. 114 sq.;

of woman bound up with ornament, xi. 156;

of a man bound up with the capital of a column, xi. 156 sq.;

of a man bound up with fire in hut, xi. 157;

of child bound up with knife, xi. 157;

of children bound up with trees, xi. 160 sqq.;

the divisibility of, xi. 221.

See also Soul

Life-indices, trees and plants as, xi. 160 sqq.

—— -tokens in fairy tales, xi. 118 n. 1

—— -tree of the Manchu dynasty at Peking, xi. 167 sq.

—— -trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160

Ligho, a heathen deity of the Letts, x. 177, 178 n. 1;

compare iv. 280

Light, girls at puberty not allowed to see the, x. 57;

external soul of witch in a, xi. 116.

See also Lights

Lightning averted from houses by crossbills, i. 82;

magical imitation of, in rain-making, i. 248, 258, 303;

one of twins regarded as a son of, i. 266;

the lord and creator of rain, i. 266;

imitation of, by kings, i. 310, ii. 180;

wood of tree that has been struck by, i. 319;

expiation for trees struck by, ii. 122;

the art of drawing down, ii. 181;

fire perhaps first procured from a tree struck by, ii. 256;

fire kindled by, ii. 263;

African deities of, ii. 370;

supposed to be produced by means of flints, ii. 374;

trees struck by, used in magic, iii. 287;

not to be called by its proper name, iii. 401;

thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful chief, vi. 177 with n. 1;

no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, vi. 177 n. 1;

eating flesh of bullock that has been struck by, viii. 161;

treatment of men, animals, and houses that have been struck by, viii. 161, xi. 298 n. 2;

feet of men who have been killed by lightning slit to prevent their ghosts from walking, viii. 272;

charred sticks of Easter fire used as a talisman against, x. 121, 124, 140 sq., 145, 146;

the Easter candle a talisman against, x. 122;

brands of the Midsummer bonfires a protection against, x. 166 n. 1, 183;

flowers thrown on roofs at Midsummer as a protection against, x. 169;

charred sticks of Midsummer bonfires a protection against, x. 174, 187, 188, 190;

ashes of Midsummer [pg 347] fires a protection against, x. 187, 188, 190;

torches interpreted as imitations of, x. 340 n. 1;

bonfires a protection against, x. 344;

a magical coal a protection against, xi. 61;

pine-tree struck by, used to make bull-roarer, xi. 231;

superstitions about trees struck by, xi. 296 sqq.;

thought to be caused by a great bird, xi. 297;

strikes oaks oftener than any other tree of the European forests, xi. 298 sq.;

regarded as a god descending out of heaven, xi. 298;

places struck by lightning enclosed and deemed sacred, xi. 299.

See also Thunder

Lightning and thunder, the Yule log a protection against, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264;

mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 57 sq.

Lightning god of the Slavs, ii. 365

—— Zeus, i. 33, ii. 361

“Lights of the dead,” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, vi. 65

Lights, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, vi. 88

Lignum aloes, taboos observed in the search for, iii. 404

Liknites, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 5, 27

Lille, the corn-spirit in the shape of a horse near, vii. 294

Lillooet Indians of British Columbia, their belief concerning twins, i. 265 n. 1;

their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226 sq.;

their regard for the bones of deer and beavers, viii. 243;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 52 sq.

Limbs, amputated, kept by the owners against the resurrection, iii. 281

Limburg, processions with torches on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 107 sq.;

Midsummer fires in, x. 194;

the Yule log in, x. 249

Lime-kiln in divination at Hallowe'en, x. 235, 243

—— -tree, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251;

toothache nailed into a, ix. 59 sq.;

the bloom of the, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49;

mistletoe on limes, xi. 315, 316

—— -trees sacred, ii. 366, 367

—— -wood used at expulsion of demons, ix. 156; used to kindle need-fire, x. 281, 283, 286

Limerick, execution of traitor at, iii. 244

Limping on one foot at carrying home the last sheaf, vii. 232, 284

Limu, the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 117

Lincoln, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Lincolnshire, saying as to a woman's apron burnt by a spark in, ii. 231;

Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n. 1;

the Yule log in, x. 257;

witches as cats and hares in, x. 318;

calf buried to stop a murrain in, x. 326;

mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy and St. Vitus's dance in, xi. 83 sq.

Lindau in Anhalt, the Corn-woman at harvest at, vii. 233

Lindenbrog, on need-fire, x. 335 n. 1

Lindus in Rhodes, sacrifice to Hercules at, i. 281;

taboos as to entering a sanctuary at, viii. 85

Lingayats, Hindoo sect, worship their priest as a god, i. 404 sq.

Lint seed, divination by, at Hallowe'en, x. 235

Linus, identified with Adonis, vii. 258

—— or Ailinus, Phoenician vintage song, vii. 216, 257 sq., 263, 264

Lion, footprints of a, in magic, i. 209;

king represented with the body of a, iv. 85;

deity standing on a, v. 123 n. 2, 127;

the emblem of the Mother Goddess, v. 164;

as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, v. 182, 184;

carried round acropolis of Sardes, v. 184, vi. 249;

beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371.

See also Lions

“—— with the Sheepskins,” among the Arabs of Morocco, ix. 265

——, the sun in the sign of the, xi. 66 sq.

Lion-chief, viii. 228

—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, v. 139 sq.;

of Lydia, v. 184

—— -killer, purification of, iii. 176, 220

—— -slaying god, statue of, v. 117

—— -tamer as chief of his tribe, i. 347 sq.

Lion's claws in a charm, viii. 167

—— fat, unguent of, viii. 164

—— flesh or heart eaten to make eater brave, viii. 141, 142 sq., 147

Liongo, an African Samson, xi. 314

Lions not called by their proper names, iii. 400;

called foxes for euphemism, iii. 400;

dead kings reincarnate in, iv. 84, v. 83 n. 1, vi. 163;

carved, at gate, v. 128;

as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, v. 137;

deities seated on, v. 162;

spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, vi. 193;

inspired human mediums of, viii. 213;

propitiation of dead, viii. 228;

souls of the dead in, viii. 287 sqq.

Lip, under, of bullock tabooed as food, i. 119

Lippe, the river, a tributary of the Rhine, i. 391

Lir majoran, a god of husbandry in the Kei Islands, viii. 123

Lisiansky, U., on annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117 sq.

Lismore, witch as hare in, x. 316 sq.

[pg 348]

Lithuania, the May Queen in, ii. 74;

customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii. 340 sq.;

wolves not to be called by their proper names during December in, ii. 396;

the last sheaf called Boba (Old Woman) in, vii. 145;

customs at threshing in, vii. 148, 223 sq.;

custom at cutting the last corn in, vii. 223;

old Lithuanian ceremonies at eating the new corn, viii. 49 sq.;

mummers and dances on Twelfth Day in Prussian Lithuania, viii. 327;

“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269;

Midsummer fires in, x. 176;

sanctuary at Romove in, xi. 91.

See also Lithuanians

Lithuanian mythology, ii. 348

Lithuanians, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 211;

tree-worship among the, ii. 9, xi. 89;

the thunder-god Perkunas of the, ii. 365 sqq.;

their reverence for oaks, ii. 366, 371;

the old, their funeral banquets, iii. 238;

the Old Rye-Woman among the, vii. 133;

their custom before first ploughing in spring, x. 18;

their story of the external soul, xi. 113 sqq.

See also Lithuania

——, the heathen, their worship of the sun, i. 317 sq.;

their sacred groves, ii. 46;

sacrificed to Pergrubius on St. George's Day, ii. 347

Little Deer, chief of the deer tribe, viii. 241

“—— Easter Sunday” (Low Sunday), in Cornwall, iv. 153, 154 n. 1

—— Jupiter, the, ii. 179, 192

—— Leaf Man, ii. 80 sq.

—— Whitsuntide Man, ii. 81

—— Wood-woman, vii. 232

Lityerses, song of Phrygian reapers and threshers, vii. 216;

son of Midas, king of Phrygia, vii. 217;

his reaping-matches, vii. 217;

his treatment of strangers on the harvest field, vii. 217;

slain by Hercules, vii. 217;

story of, its coincidences with harvest-customs of modern Europe, vii. 218 sqq., 236, 252 sqq.;

his relation to Attis, vii. 255 sq.;

compared to Bormus, vii. 257

Liver, indurated, thought to be healed by touch of chief's feet, i. 371;

induration of the, attributed to touching sacred chief, iii. 133;

of kangaroo rubbed on back of man-slayer, iii. 167 sq.;

of pig, omens drawn from, vii. 97;

of deer eaten to make eater long-lived like deer, viii. 143;

of dog eaten to acquire bravery, viii. 145;

of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, viii. 146;

regarded as the seat of the soul, viii. 147 sq.;

regarded as the seat of valour, viii. 148;

of brave men eaten, viii. 148, 151 sq.;

of bear, used as medicine, viii. 187 sq.

Lives of a family bound up with a fish, xi. 200;

with a cat, xi. 150 sq.

“Living fire” made by the friction of wood, ii. 237, x. 220;

as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336;

the need-fire, x. 281, 286

—— parents, children of, in ritual, vi. 236 sqq.

Livingstone, David, on the government of the Banyai, ii. 292

Livinhac, Mgr., on chiefs as rain-makers in the Nyanza region, i. 353

Livonia, sacred grove in, ii. 43;

belief as to were-wolves in, iii. 42;

Midsummer festival in, iv. 280;

story of a were-wolf in, x. 308

Livonians cull simples on Midsummer Day, xi. 49 sq.

Livuans, the, of New Britain, their belief in demons, ix. 82 sq.

Livy on the Ciminian forest, ii. 8;

on the annual Roman custom of knocking a nail, ix. 66;

on the Saturnalia, ix. 345 n. 1

Lizard, soul in form of, iii. 38;

external soul in, xi. 199 n. 1;

sex totem in the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216;

said to have divided the sexes in the human species, xi. 216

—— or snake in annual ceremony for the riddance of evils, ix. 208

Lizards and serpents supposed to renew their youth by casting their skins, ix. 302 sqq.

Ljeschie, Russian wood-spirits, viii. 2

Lkuñgen Indians, their charm to make hair grow long, i. 145;

their magic uses of wasps, i. 152;

their contagious magic of wounds, i. 202;

believe trees to be men transformed, ii. 30

Llama, blood of, sprinkled on doorway, iv. 176 n. 1;

black, as scapegoat, ix. 193

Llandebie, sin-eater reported near, ix. 44

Llandegla in Wales, church of St. Tecla at, ix. 52

Llangors, in Breconshire, the sin-eater at, ix. 43

Lo Bengula, king of the Matabeles, i. 394;

as a rain-maker, i. 351 sq.;

treatment of strangers before admission to, iii. 114

Loaf made of corn of last sheaf, vii. 148 sq.;

thrown into river Neckar on St. John's Day, xi. 28.

See also Loaves

Loango, palsy called the king's disease in, i. 371;

the negroes of, their belief that sexual crime entails drought and famine, ii. 111 sq.;

the Bavili of, ii. 112;

licence of princesses in, ii. 276 [pg 349] sq.;

taboos observed by kings of, iii. 8, 9;

foods tabooed to priests and heirs to the throne in, iii. 291;

practice of knocking nails into idols in, ix. 69 sq., 70 n. 1;

new-born infants not allowed to touch the earth in, x. 5;

girls secluded at puberty in, x. 22

Loango, king of, deposed for failure of harvest or of fishing, i. 353;

revered as a god, i. 396;

fights all rivals for his crown, ii. 322;

forbidden to see a white man's house, iii. 115;

not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 117 sq.;

confined to his palace, iii. 123;

refuse of his food buried, iii. 129

Loaves in shape of a boar, vii. 300;

hung on head of sacrificed horse, viii. 42, 43;

in human shape, viii. 48 sq., 94, 95.

See also Loaf

Lobeck, Chr. A., on the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 n. 5;

his emendation of Pausanias, viii. 18 n. 1;

his emendation of Clement of Alexandria (Protrept. ii. 17), viii. 20 n. 7

Lobo, spirit-house, among the Toradjas of Celebes, i. 129, ii. 39

Local totem centres in Central Australia, i. 96

Loch Katrine, x. 231

—— Tay, Hallowe'en fires on the banks of, x. 232

Lochaber, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157

Lock and key in a charm, x. 283

Locks unlocked at childbirth, iii. 294, 296;

thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, iii. 299;

as amulets, iii. 308;

unlocked to facilitate death, iii. 309;

magical virtue of, iii. 310;

opened by springwort, xi. 70;

opened by the white flower of chicory, xi. 71;

mistletoe a master-key to open all, xi. 85

—— and knots, magical virtue of, iii. 309 sq.

See also Keys

Locrians, the Epizephyrians, female kinship among the, ii. 284;

their sacrifice of maidens to the Trojan goddess, ii. 284;

the prostitution of their daughters before marriage, ii. 285;

vicarious sacrifice offered by the, viii. 95 n. 2

Locust, a Batta totem, xi. 223

—— Apollo, viii. 282

—— Hercules, viii. 282

Locusts, sultans expected to drive away, i. 353;

chiefs held responsible for the ravages of, i. 354;

superstitious precautions against, viii. 276, 279, 281

Loeboes (Looboos), a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls among the, vi. 264.

See also Looboos

Log, the Yule, x. 247 sqq.

Logan, W., on the custom of attacking the kings of Calicut, iv. 49

Logea, island off New Guinea, taboos observed by manslayers in, iii. 167;

the dead not named in, iii. 354

Logic of the savage, viii. 202

Logierait, parish of, in Perthshire, knots unloosed at marriage in, iii. 299 sq.;

Beltane festival in, x. 152 sq.;

Hallowe'en fires in, x. 231 sq.

Loire, the Lower, the Fox at reaping in, vii. 296

Loiret, Lenten fires in the department of, x. 114

Loitering in the doorway forbidden under certain circumstances, i. 114

Loki and Balder, x. 101 sq.

Lokoala, initiation by spirits among the Indians of North-Western America, ix. 376

Lokoiya, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among, i. 345

Lokoja on the Niger, external human souls in crocodiles and hippopotamuses near, xi. 209

Lolos, of Western China, their recall of the soul in sickness, iii. 43;

divine by shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 n. 4;

their belief as to the stars, iv. 65 sq.

Lombardy, oak forests of, in antiquity, ii. 354;

the Day of the Old Wives in, iv. 241;

belief as to the “oil of St. John” on St. John's Morning in, xi. 82 sq.

Lombok, East Indian island, the rice personified as husband and wife in, vii. 201 sqq.

London, the immortal girl of, x. 99;

Midsummer fires in, x. 196 sq.

Long Man, a river-god, i. 144

“—— -haired mother,” title of the Goddess of Maize in Mexico, i. 136

—— -headed men chosen kings, ii. 297

Longevity, homoeopathic charms to ensure, i. 158, 169

“Longevity garments,” in China, i. 169

Longforgan, parish of, in Perthshire, the Maiden Feast at harvest in, vii. 156 sq.

Longnor, near Leebotwood, in Shropshire, the Mare at harvest at, vii. 294

Longridge Fell, leeting the witches at Hallowe'en at, x. 245

Lons-le-Saulnier, in the Jura, last sheaf called the Bitch at, vii. 272

Looboos (Loeboes) of Sumatra creep through a cleft rattan to escape a demon, xi. 182 sq.

See also Loeboes

Look back, not to, in ritual, iii. 157

Looking at bonfires through mugwort a protection against headache and sore eyes, xi. 59

[pg 350]

Loom, not to be touched by a man, iii. 164

Loon, the cry of the, associated with rain, i. 288

Loop in ceremony to detain the sun, i. 317

Loowoo, a kingdom in Celebes, regalia of, i. 364;

superstitious belief as to the king of, i. 399

Loranthus europaeus, a species of mistletoe, xi. 315, 317 sqq.;

called “oak mistletoe” (visco quercino) in Italy, xi. 317

—— vestitus, in India, xi. 317

Lord of the Diamond, prayed to at cairns in Laos, ix. 29

“—— of the Heavenly Hosts,” a temporary king in Siam, iv. 149, 150, 155, 156

—— and Lady of the May, ii. 62, 90 sq.

—— of Misrule, ix. 251, 312;

at Bodmin, ii. 319 n. 1;

in England, ix. 331 sqq.

—— of the Rice, in Siam, iv. 150 n.

—— of the Wells at Midsummer in Fulda, xi. 28

—— of the Wood among the Gayos of Sumatra, offerings to the, ii. 36, 125

Lorne, the Beltane cake in, x. 149

Lorraine, “killing the dog of the harvest” in, vii. 273;

King and Queen of the Bean in, ix. 315;

Midsummer fires in, x. 169; the Yule log in, x. 253;

Midsummer customs in, xi. 47.

See also Lothringen

Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, v. 227 n.

Losengrad, the district of, in Thrace, masquerade at Carnival in, viii. 332

Loss of the shadow regarded as ominous, iii. 88

Lostwithiel in Cornwall, temporary king at, iv. 153 sq.

Lot, the Fox at threshing in, vii. 297

Loth, J., on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 n. 3

Lothringen (Lorraine), “Killing the Old Woman” at threshing in, vii. 223;

the harvest Dog in, vii. 273;

the harvest Bull in, vii. 288.

See also Lorraine

Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, vi. 248;

cast at Purim, ix. 361 sq.

Lottin, the island of, ix. 109

Lotus-tree, shorn tresses of Vestal virgins hung on a, iii. 275

Loucheux, the, of North-West America, the power of medicine-men among, i. 356;

and Hare-skin Indians forbidden to eat the sinew of the leg of animals, viii. 265

Loudoun, in Ayrshire, fires on St. Peter's Day in the parish of, x. 207

Louhans, in Sâone-et-Loire, the Fox at harvest at, vii. 296 sq.

Louis XIV. as King of the Bean, ix. 313;

at Midsummer bonfire in Paris, xi. 39

Louisiade Islands sacred trees in the, ii. 17

Louisiana, festival of new corn in, viii. 77 sqq.

——, the Indians of, kept bones of beavers and otters from dogs, viii. 239;

lamented the death of the buffaloes which they were about to kill, viii. 242

Lous, a month of the Syro-Macedonian calendar, iv. 113, 116, vii. 258, 259, ix. 355, 358

Love, magical images to procure, i. 77;

cures for, i. 161, ix. 3;

illicit, thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 sqq.

Love charm, footprints and marigolds in a, i. 211;

of arrows, x. 14

—— -charms practised on St. George's Day, ii. 345 sq.;

by means of hair, iii. 270

“—— Chase” among the Kirghiz, ii. 301

Lover's Leap, a cape in the island of Leucas, human scapegoats at the, ix. 254

Lovers won by knots, iii. 305;

term applied to the Baalim, v. 75 n.;

leap over the Midsummer bonfires, x. 165, 166, 168, 174

—— of goddesses, their unhappy ends, i. 39 sq., vi. 158 sq.

—— of Semiramis and Ishtar, their sad fate, ix. 371 sq.

Low, Sir Hugh, on Dyak belief as to souls of dead in trees, ii. 30 sq.;

on Dyak treatment of heads of slain enemies, v. 295

Low Countries, the Yule log in the, x. 249

Lowell, Percival, his fire-walk, xi. 10 n. 1

Loyalty Islands, recall of a lost soul in the, iii. 54

Lua and Saturn, vi. 233

Luang-Sermata Islands, belief as to cauls in the, i. 188

Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia, prayers to dead ancestors in, vi. 175 sq.

Luba, in Busoga, pretended human sacrifice at, iv. 215

Lubare, god, in the language of the Baganda, i. 395

Lübeck, church of St. Mary at, immortal lady in the, x. 100

Lucan, on the Druids, i. 2 n. 1

——, the Thessalian witch in, iii. 390

Lucerne, Lenten fire-custom in the canton [pg 351] of, x. 118 sq.;

bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 30

Luchon, in the Pyrenees, serpents burnt alive at the Midsummer festival in, xi. 38 sq., 43

Lucian, on hair offerings, i. 28;

on the procedure of a Syrian witch, iii. 270;

on the names of the Eleusinian priests, iii. 382;

on the death of Peregrinus, iv. 42, v. 181;

on religious prostitution, v. 58;

on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, v. 137 n. 2;

on dispute between Hercules and Aesculapius, v. 209 sq.;

on the ascension of Adonis, v. 225 n. 3;

old scholium on, viii. 17;

as to the rites of Hierapolis, ix. 392;

on the Platonic doctrine of the soul, xi. 221 n. 1

Lucina, how she delayed the birth of Hercules, iii. 298 sq.

See also Juno Lucina

Lucius, E., on the Assumption of the Virgin, i. 15 n. 1

Luck, bad, transferred to trees, ix. 54;

leaping over the Midsummer fires for good, x. 171, 189

Luckau, races at harvest-festival near, vii. 76

Luckiness of the right hand, x. 151

Lucky names, men with, chosen by Romans to open enterprises of moment, iii. 391 n. 1

Lucretius, on the origin of fire among men, ii. 257 n.

Ludhaura, marriage of the tulasi to the Salagrama at, ii. 27

Ludlow in Shropshire, the tug-of-war at, ix. 182

Lug, Celtic god, i. 17 n. 2;

legendary Irish hero, iv. 99, 101

Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima, vi. 190

Lugg, river, in Radnorshire, ix. 183

Lugnasad, the 1st of August, in Ireland, iv. 101

Lules or Tonocotes of the Gran Chaco, their behaviour in an epidemic, ix. 122 sq.

Lumholtz, C., on agricultural ceremonies of the Tarahumare Indians of Mexico, vii. 227 sq.;

on the transference of fatigue to sticks or stones, ix. 10;

on the dances of the Tarahumares of Mexico, ix. 236 sqq.;

on Huichol superstition as to the growth of corn, ix. 347 n. 3

Lumi lali, consecrated rice-field, among the Kayans of Borneo, vii. 93, 108

Lunar calendar corrected by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 314 sq., 315 sq.;

of Mohammedans, x. 216 sq., 218 sq.

—— months of Greek calendar, vii. 52 sq., 82;

observed by savages, vii. 117, 125

Lunar and solar years, attempts to harmonize, iv. 68 sq., vii. 80 sq., ix. 325 sq., 339, 341 sqq.

—— sympathy, the doctrine of, vi. 140 sqq.

—— year equated to solar year by intercalation, ix. 325, 342 sq.

Lüneburg, district of, harvest custom in the, vii. 230;

the Harvest-goat at, vii. 283

Lunéville, calf killed at harvest at, vii. 290

Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, vi. 224

Lung-wong, Chinese rain-god, i. 299

Lungs or liver of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to appear, x. 321 sq.

Luritcha tribe of Central Australia, their custom of killing and eating children, iv. 180 n. 1;

their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99;

destroy the bones of their enemies to prevent them from coming to life again, viii. 260

Lusatia (Lausitz), custom of “Carrying out Death” in, iv. 239, 247, 249;

the “Witch-burning” in, ix. 163.

See also Lausitz

Luschan, Professor F. von, on kings of Dahomey and Benin in animal forms, iv. 85 n. 3, 86 n. 1;

on images stuck with nails, ix. 70 n. 1

Lushais of Assam, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the, vi. 255 n. 1;

their belief in demons, ix. 94;

sick children passed through a coil among the, xi. 185 sq.

Lussac, in Vienne, death of the Carnival on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 226;

Midsummer fires at, x. 191

Lute-playing, charm for, i. 152

Luther, Martin, burnt in effigy at Midsummer, x. 167, 172 sq., xi. 23

Luxemburg, “Burning the Witch” in, xi. 116

Luxor, paintings at, ii. 131, 133;

reliefs in temple at, iii. 28;

temples at, vi. 124

Luzon, in the Philippine Archipelago, the Ilocans of, i. 142, 179, ii. 18, iii. 44;

Bontoc in, ii. 30, vii. 240;

the Apoyaos of, vii. 241;

rice-fields guarded against wild hogs in, viii. 33;

the Catalangans of, viii. 124;

the Irayas of, viii. 124;

exorcism in, ix. 260

Lyall, Sir Alfred C., on the opposition between religion and magic, i. 224 n. 1

Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of [pg 352] mother-kin among the Khasis, vi. 202 sq.

Lycaeus, Mount, rain-making spring on, i. 309;

rain-charm practised by the priest of Zeus on, ii. 359;

sanctuary of Zeus on, iii. 88;

festival of Zeus on, iv. 70 n. 1;

human sacrifices on, iv. 163, ix. 353

Lycaonian plain, v. 123

Lyceum or Place of Wolves at Athens, viii. 283, 284

Lycia, Patara in, ii. 135;

flowers in, v. 187 n. 6;

Mount Chimaera in, v. 221;

mother-kin in, vi. 212 sq.

Lycian language, question of its affinity, vi. 213 n. 1

—— men dressed as women in mourning, vi. 264

Lycium europaeum, L., ix. 153 n. 1

Lycomedes, king of Scyros, Achilles at the court of, ii. 278

Lycopolis, in Egypt, the wolf, the beast-god of, viii. 172

Lycosura, in Arcadia, taboos observed in the sanctuary of the Mistress at, iii. 227 n., 314, viii. 46;

statue of Demeter or Persephone in the sanctuary of the two goddesses at, viii. 339

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians in Thrace, put to death to restore fertility to land, i. 366;

torn in pieces by horses, vi. 98, 99, vii. 241;

slew his son Dryas, vii. 24, 25

Lycus, valley of the, at Hierapolis, v. 207

Lydia, female descent of kingship in, ii. 281 sq.;

prostitution of girls before marriage in, v. 38, 58;

the lion-god of, v. 184;

the Burnt Land of, v. 193 sq.;

traces of mother kin in, vi. 259;

the burning of kings in, ix. 391

Lydian kings held responsible for the weather and the crops, i. 366, v. 183;

their divinity, v. 182 sqq.;

traced their descent from Ninus and Hercules, ix. 391

Lydians celebrate a festival of Dionysus in spring, vii. 15

Lydus, Joannes, on Phrygian rites at Rome, v. 266 n. 2;

on the expulsion of Mamurius Veturius, ix. 229 n. 1

Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, v. 213 n. 4;

on volcanic phenomena in Syria and Palestine, v. 222 n. 1

Lying-in women, widespread fear of, iii. 150 sqq.;

sacred, iii. 151

Lynxes not called by their proper name, iii. 398

Lyons, the harvest Cat in the neighbourhood of, vii. 280

Lyre as instrument of religious music, v. 52 sq., 54 sq.;

the instrument of Apollo, v. 288

Lysimachus scatters the bones of the kings of Epirus, vi. 104

Lythrum salicaria, purple loosestrife, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 65

Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, v. 39, 265 n. 1, ix. 421 n. 1

Ma-hlaing, district of Burma, rain-making in, i. 288

Maass, E., on the identification of Donar with Jupiter, iii. 364 n. 3

Mablaan, chief of the Bawenda, revered as rain-maker, i. 351

Mabuiag, island in Torres Straits, use of magical images in, i. 59;

rain-making in, i. 262;

charms to raise the wind in, i. 323 sq.;

the fire-drill in, ii. 209;

seclusion of girls at puberty in, iii. 147, x. 36 sq.;

continence observed during turtle-season and before hunting dugong in, iii. 192;

bull-roarers thought to promote the growth of garden produce in, vii. 106;

the Sam or Cassowary totem in, viii. 207;

dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 78 sq.;

girls at puberty in, x. 92 n. 1;

belief as to a species of mistletoe in, xi. 79

Macahity, an annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117

Macalister, Mrs. Alexander, on the harvest Maiden in Perthshire, vii. 157 n. 3

Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, v. 109 n. 1

Macassar in Celebes, words tabooed to sailors in, iii. 413;

magical unguent in, x. 14

Macassars of Celebes, their belief as to the blighting effect of the blood of incestuous persons, ii. 110;

their custom of swinging, iv. 277;

ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183

Maccabees, the Second Book of, its date, ix. 360

M'Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Ashantees to make them brave, viii. 149

McClintock, Walter, on a legend of the Blackfoot Indians concerning the Pleiades, vii. 311

MacCorquodale, John, on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in Glencoe, vii. 165;

on the harvest Cailleach at Crianlarich, vii. 166

MacCrauford, the great arch witch, x. 293

MacCulloch, J. A., on the Twelve Days, ix. 326 n.

Macdonald, Rev. James, on magic to catch fish in the Highlands, i. 110;

on Bride's bed in the Highlands, ii. [pg 353] 94 n. 2;

on the fire-drill in South-East Africa, ii. 210 sq.;

on a custom of infanticide in South Africa, iv. 183 n. 2;

on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, vi. 176;

on the correction of the Caffre lunar calendar by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 315 sq.;

on the Pondo festival of new fruits, viii. 66 sq.;

on the expulsion of demons in some South African tribes, ix. 111 n. 1;

on the story of Headless Hugh, xi. 131 n. 1;

on external soul in South Africa, xi. 156

Macdonald, King of the Isles, i. 160, 161

Macdonalds, the, supposed to heal a certain disease by their touch, i. 370 n. 3

Macdonell, Professor A. A., on Agni, xi. 296

Macdonell, Lady Agnes, on the custom of horn-blowing at Penzance on May Day, ix. 164 n. 1

McDougall, W., and C. Hose, on creeping through a cleft stick after a funeral, among the Kayans of Borneo, xi. 176 n. 1

See also Hose, Dr. Charles

Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, vi. 154

Maceboard, the, a procession of Summer in the Isle of Man, iv. 258

Macedonia, custom as to children's cast teeth in, i. 180 sq.;

rain-making among the Greeks of, i. 272 sq., 274;

wooden effigies of swallows carried about the streets on the 1st of March in, viii. 322 n.;

demons and ghosts hammered into walls in, ix. 63 n. 4;

Midsummer fires among the Greeks of, x. 212;

bonfires on August 1st in, x. 220;

need-fire among the Serbs of Western, x. 281;

St. John's flower at Midsummer in, xi. 50

Macedonian calendar, vii. 258 sq.

—— farmers, their homoeopathic magic at digging their fields, i. 139

—— peasantry burn effigies of Judas at Easter, x. 131

—— superstitions as to the Twelve Days, ix. 320

Macedonians preserve their nail-parings for the resurrection, iii. 280

Macfarlane, Mr., of Faslane, as to the last corn at harvest, vii. 158 n. 2

McGregor, A. W., on the rite of new birth among the Akikuyu, xi. 263

MacGregor, Sir William, on the political power of magicians in British New Guinea, i. 337;

and the Alake of Abeokuta, iv. 203 n. 2

Macha, Queen, Irish fair said to have been instituted in her honour, iv. 100

Machindranath temple at Lhasa, ix. 219

MacIntyre, Duncan, on the harvest Cailleach, vii. 166

Mack, a usurper in Tonquin, iii. 19

Mackay, Alexander, on need-fire, x. 294 sq.

Mackays, sept of the “descendants of the seal,” xi. 131 sq.

Mackenzie, Sheriff-Substitute David J., on Up-helly-a' at Lerwick, ix. 169 n. 2, x. 268 n. 1

Mackenzie, E., on need-fire, x. 288

Maclagan, Dr. R. C., on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 165 sq.

Maclay coast of Northern New Guinea, ii. 254, iii. 109

McLennan, J. F., on deega and beena marriage, ii. 271 n. 1;

on the bride-race, ii. 301 n. 4;

on custom of chiefs marrying their sisters, iv. 194 n. 1;

on brother and sister marriages, v. 44 n. 2, vi. 216 n. 1

“Macleod's Fairy Banner,” i. 368

Macphail, John, on need-fire, x. 293 sq.

Macpherson, Major S. C., on human sacrifices among the Khonds, vii. 250

Macrobius, on Janus, ii. 385 n. 2;

on the mourning Aphrodite, v. 30;

on the Egyptian year, vi. 28 n. 3;

on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 121;

his solar theory of the gods, vi. 121, 128;

on the influence of the moon, vi. 132;

on institution of the Saturnalia, ix. 345 n. 1

McTaggart, Dr. J. McT. Ellis, on transmigration, viii. 309 n. 1

Macusis of British Guiana, their belief in dreams, iii. 36 sq.;

custom observed by parents after childbirth among the, iii. 159 n.;

seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 60

Madagascar, kings of, as high-priests, i. 47 sq.;

foods tabooed in, i. 117 sq.;

custom of women in Madagascar while men are at war, i. 131;

magical use of stones in, i. 160;

modes of counteracting evil omens in, i. 173 sq.;

chiefs held responsible for the operation of the laws of nature in, i. 354;

the Antaimorona of, i. 354;

the Antimores of, i. 354;

the Betsileo of, i. 397, iii. 246, viii. 116, 289;

the Hovas of, i. 397, viii. 116;

special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i. 401 n. 3;

custom of passing newborn children through the fire in, ii. 232 n. 3;

recall of lost souls in, iii. 54;

mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;

the Mahafaly country in, iii. 103;

the Zafimanelo of, iii. 116;

the Antambahoaka of, iii. 216;

the Antandroy of, iii. 227;

the Tanala of, iii. 227, vii. 9, viii. 290;

blood of nobles [pg 354] not to be shed in, iii. 243;

taboo on mentioning personal names in, iii. 327;

the Sakalavas of, iii. 327, iv. 202, viii. 40 n.;

natives of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;

names of chiefs and kings tabooed in, iii. 378 sqq.;

tabooed words in, iii. 401;

belief as to the transmigration of the dead into serpents in, iv. 84;

vicarious sacrifice for a king in, vi. 221;

men dressed as women in, vi. 254;

first-fruits offered to kings in, viii. 116;

mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in, viii. 163;

crocodiles respected in, viii. 214 sq.;

belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 289 sq.;

the Antankarana of, viii. 290;

the Sihanaka of, ix. 2 sq.;

stones or clods thrown on solitary graves in, ix. 19;

transference of evils in, ix. 33 sq.

See also Malagasy

Madangs of Borneo, custom observed by them after a funeral, xi. 175 sq.

Madder-harvest, Dutch custom at, vii. 231, 235 sq.

Madenassana Bushmen, their reluctance to look on their sacred animal the goat, viii. 28 sq.

Madern, parish of, Cornwall, holed stone in, xi. 187

Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa bury their nail-parings, iii. 277;

their sacrament of a lamb, viii. 314 sq.;

their annual sacrifice of a lamb, ix. 217

Madium district in Java, deceiving the spirit of a plant in the, ii. 23

Madness of Orestes, cured by sitting on a stone, i. 161.

See also Insanity

Madonie Mountains, in Sicily, Midsummer fires on the, x. 210

Madonna, effigies of, sold and eaten, viii. 94

—— and Isis, their resemblance, vi. 119

Madras, ceremonies after the killing of a cobra in, iii. 222 sq.

Madras Presidency, the fire-walk in the, xi. 6

Madura, island off Java, inspired mediums in, i. 384;

the Kappiliyans of, x. 69;

the Parivarams of, x. 69

Maeander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162;

the valley of, subject to earthquakes, v. 194;

sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of, v. 205, 206;

Lityerses thrown by Hercules into, vii. 217

Maera, the dog of Icarus, iv. 281

Maeseyck, in Belgium, processions with torches on first Sunday in Lent at, x. 107 sq.

Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, v. 200

Magarsus in Cilicia, v. 169 n. 3

Magdalen College, Oxford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Magdeburg, the Flax-mother near, vii. 133;

the last sheaf called Grandmother near, vii. 136;

reaper who cut the last corn wrapt in corn-stalls near, vii. 221

Maggots eaten at an initiatory rite, viii. 141

Maghs of Bengal, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38

Magian priests, ii. 241 n. 4

Magic, principles of, i. 52 sqq.;

based on misapplications of the association of ideas, i. 53 sq., 221 sq.;

in ancient India, i. 63 sq., 228 sq., ix. 91;

in modern India, i. 64 sq.;

in ancient Egypt, i. 66, 67 sq., 225, 230 sq.;

in ancient Babylonia, i. 66 sq.;

positive and negative, i. 111 sq., 117;

blent with the worship of the dead, i. 164;

physical basis of, i. 174 sq.;

public and private, i. 214 sq., 245;

benefits conferred by, i. 218 sq.;

has paved the way for science, i. 219;

attraction of, i. 221;

fatal flaw of, i. 221 sq.;

opposed in principle to religion, i. 224;

older than religion, i. 233 sqq.;

universality of belief in, i. 234-236;

transition from magic to religion, i. 237 sqq., ii. 376 sq.;

the fallacy of, not easy to detect, i. 242 sq.;

combined with religion, i. 347;

the fallacy of, gradually detected, i. 372;

declines with the growth of religion, i. 374;

strangers suspected of practising, iii. 102;

wrought by means of refuse of food, iii. 126 sqq.;

wrought through clippings of hair, iii. 268 sqq., 275, 277, 278 sq.;

wrought on a man through his name, iii. 318, 320 sqq.;

degenerates into games, vii. 110 n.;

dwindles into divination, vii. 110 n., x. 336;

of a flesh diet, vii. 138 sqq.;

the belief in, persists under the higher religions, ix. 89 sq.;

movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304 sq.

——, the Age of, i. 235, 237, iv. 2

——, contagious, i. 52-54, 174-214, iii. 246, 268, 272;