NOTES.
Reading edition
Greco-Latin.
Greeks 2,600,000
Albanians 1,250,000
Italians 27,700,000
French 39,700,000
Spaniards and Portuguese 20,210,000
Rumanians 8,400,000
Rhætians (“Romans”) 42,000
99,902,000
Germanic.
Germans 53,400,000
Dutch and Flemish 6,720,000
Scandinavians 5,640,000
Anglo-Saxons 30,600,000
96,360,000
Slavonic.
Russians 59,000,000
Poles 11,800,000
Chechians, &c. 6,750,000
Servians 5,750,000
Slovenes 1,200,000
Bulgarians 3,100,000
87,600,000
other
Finns 4,700,000
Osmanli 1,300,000
Magyars 5,770,000
Tartars 2,500,000
Calmucks 100,000
Celts 1,600,000
Basks 700,000
Letts, &c. 2,900,000
Armenians 280,000
Gipsies 590,000
Circassians 400,000
Included above are 4,500,000 Jews.
Drainage of square miles
Europe 683,500
Asia 232,000
Africa 1,737,500
Mediterranean Sea 1,153,300
3,806,300
COMMERCIAL MARINE. ENTERED AND CLEARED. VALUE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.
Sail-vessels. Steamers. Tonnage. Tons. £
Spain (Mediterranean) 2,500 100 250,000 5,000,000 24,000,000
France (Mediterranean) 4,000 230 300,000 6,000,000 80,000,000
Italy 18,800 140 1,030,000 21,000,000 104,000,000
Austria 3,000 92 380,000 8,000,000 18,000,000
Greece 5,400 20 502,000 8,500,000 8,000,000
Turkey in Europe and Asia 2,200 10 210,000 25,000,000 24,000,000
Rumania ― ― ― 1,300,000 8,000,000
Russia (Mediterranean) 500 50 50,000 2,000,000 24,000,000
Egypt (Mediterranean) 100 25 15,000 4,000,000 20,000,000
Malta and Gibraltar 200 13 39,000 12,000,000 23,000,000
Algeria 170 ― 10,000 2,000,000 16,000,000
Tunis, Tripoli, &c. 500 ― 10,000 500,000 4,000,000
37,370 680 2,796,000 95,300,000 353,000,000
Area. Sq. m. Population (1870). Density.
Continental Greece 7,558 466,918 62
Peloponnesus 8,288 545,389 66
Ægean Islands 2,500 205,840 82
Ionian Islands 1,007 218,879 217
Army, navy, and sailors ― 20,868 ―
Total 19,353 1,457,894 75
Gerakavuni (Othrys) 5,673
Velukhi (Tymphrestus) 7,610
Khonia 8,186
Vardusia 8,242
Katavothra (Œta) 6,560
Mountains of Acarnania 5,216
Varassova 3,010
Liakura (Parnassus) 8,068
Palæovouni (Helicon) 5,738
Elatea (Cithæron) 4,630
Parnes 4,645
Pentelicus 3,693
Hymetius 3,400
Gerania (Pera Khora) 4,482
Cyllene (Zyria) 8,940
Aroanian Mountain (Khelmos) 7,726
Erymanthus (Olonos) 7,297
Artemisium (Malevo) 5,814
Parnon (Hagios Petros) 6,355
Lycæus (Diaforti) 4,660
Ithome 2,630
Taygetus 7,904
Arachnæus (Argolis) 3,935
Mean height of peninsula 2,000
Feet.
Mount Delphi, on Eubœa 5,730
Mount St. Elias, on Eubœa 4,840
Mount Kokhilas, on Scyros 2,565
Mount Kovari, on Andros 3,200
Mount Oxia, on Naxos 3,290
Mount St. Elias, on Siphnos 2,280
Mount St. Elias, on Nios 2,410
Mount St. Elias, on Santorin 1,887
Area. Sq. m. Highest Mountains. Feet. Inhabitants. (1870.)
Corfu 224 Pantokratoros 3,280 72,450
Paxos and Antipaxos 27 3,600
Leucadia 183 Nomali 3,870 21,000
Cephalonia 292 Elato 5,310 67,500
Ithaca 42 Neriton 2,640 10,000
Zante 162 Skopos 1,300 44,500
Towns. Population.
Athens and Piræus 59,000
Patras 26,000
Corfu 24,000
Hermopolis, or Syra 21,000
Zante 20,500
Lixuri (Cephalonia) 14,000
Pyrgos, or Letrini 13,600
Tripolis, or Tripolitza 11,500
Chalcis, in Eubœa 11,000
Sparta 10,700
Argos 10,600
Argostoli (Cephalonia) 9,500
Calamata 9,400
Histiæa, in Eubœa 8,900
Karystos, in Eubœa 8,800
Ægion, or Vostitza 8,800
Nauplia 8,500
Spezzia 8,400
Kranidhi, in Argolis 8,400
Lamia 8,300
Missolonghi 7,500
Andros 9,300
For changes made by the Berlin treaty, see page 153.
Sq. m. Inhabitants. Highest Mountains. Feet.
Thasos 74 10,000 Mount Ipsario 3,000
Samothrace 66 200 Mount Phengari 5,240
Imbro 85 4,000 Mount St. Elias 1,950
Lemnos 170 22,000 Mount Skopia 1,410
Adrianople (Edirneh) 110,000
Saloniki (Salonica) 80,000
Seres 30,000
Larissa 25,000
Rodosto 20,000
Gallipoli (Geliboli) 20,000
Trikala (Tirhala) 11,000
Demotika 10,000
Verria 10,000
Enos 7,000
Feet.
Skhar 8,200
Tomor 5,413
Zygos (Lachmon) 5,500
Smolika 5,970
Kundusi 6,270
Acroceraunian Mountain 6,700
Lake Okhrida 2,270
Lake of Yanina 1,700
Shumna (Shumla) 50,000
Rustchuk 50,000
Philippopoli (Felibe) 40,000
Bitolia (Monastir) 40,000
Skoplie (Uskub) 28,000
Kalkandelen 22,000
Sofia 20,000
Vidin 20,000
Silistria 20,000
Shishtova 20,000
Varna 20,000
Eski-Za’ara 18,000
Bazarjik 18,000
Nish 16,000
Veleze (Koprili) 15,000
Razgrad 15,000
Turnov (Tirnova) 12,000
Sliven (Slivno) 12,000
Prilip 12,000
Kezanlik 10,000
Stanimako 10,000
Florina 10,000
Kurshova 9,000
Sulina 5,000
Total. Mussulmans. Greek Catholics. Roman Catholics. Other Christians.
Slavs
Servians 1,114,000 442,000 492,000 180,000 ―
Bulgarians 2,861,000 790,000 2,051,000 20,000 ―
Russians, &c. 10,000 ― ― 2,000 8,000
Greeks 1,176,000 38,000 1,138,000 ― ―
Greco-Latins
Rumanians 50,000 ― 50,000 ― ―
Zinzares 150,000 ― 150,000 ― ―
Albanians
Gheges 1,031,000 773,000 178,000 80,000 ―
Tosks
Turks
Osmanli 1,352,000 1,352,000 ― ― ―
Tartars 40,000 40,000 ― ― ―
Semites
Arabs 3,000 3,000 ― ― ―
Jews 72,000 ― ― ― ―
Armenians 100,000 ― ― 10,000 ―
Circassians 144,000 144,000 ― ― ―
Tsiganes (Gipsies) 104,000 52,000 52,000 ― ―
Franks 60,000 ― ― 50,000 10,000
Total 8,267,000 3,584,000 4,111,000 342,000 108,000
Area, Square Miles. Population. Mohammedans per cent.
Constantinople (including Army, &c.) 1,040 531,000 55
Vilayets:―
Edirneh, or Adrianople (Thracia) 26,160 1,307,000 39
Tuna (Danube), or Bulgaria 34,120 2,303,000 40
Saloniki (Macedonia) 12,950 499,000 50
Prisrend (Upper Macedonia) 18,320 1,392,000 57
Shkodra, or Scutari (Upper Albania) 5,310 171,000 48
Bosna Serai, or Serayevo (Bosnia) 17,900 940,000 42
Herzegovina 5,720 144,000 41
Yanina (Epirus and Thessaly) 18,320 711,000 35
Crete, or Candia 3,326 210,000 18
European Islands 400 60,000 7
Turkey in Europe 143,566 8,267,000 44
Turkey in Asia 745,000 13,176,000 86
Tripoli, &c. 344,000 1,150,000 99
Total Ottoman Empire 1,231,566 22,593,000 71
Tributary States.
Rumania 46,710 5,180,000 ―
Servia 16,820 1,377,000 ―
Egypt 869,360 17,000,000 70
Tunis 45,700 2,000,000 99
Total Turkish Empire 2,210,156 48,150,000 63
Wallachia.—Bucuresci (Bucharest), 221,800; Ploiesti (Ploeshti), 33,000; Braila, 28,270; Craiova, 22,764; Giurgiu (Jurjevo, or Giurgevo), 20,866; Buzeu (Busau), 11,100; Alecsandria, 11,000; Campulung, 9,900; Pitesci (Piteshti), 8,500; Caracalu, 8,600.
Moldavia.—Jasi (Yassy), 90,000; Galati (Galatz), 80,000; Botosani, 39,900; Barladu (Byrlat), 26,600; Smeilu (Ismail), 21,000; Focsani, 20,300; Peatra, 20,000; Husi, 18,500; Roman, 16,900; Falticeni, 15,000; Bacau, 13,000; Dorohoi, 10,000; Bolgradu, 9,600; Chilie (Kilia), 8,900; Reni, 7,600.
Name. Average Area. Sq. Miles. Average Altitude. Feet. Depth, Feet. Capacity. Millions of Galls.
Max. Average.
Lake of Orta 5·4 1,122 820(?) 490(?) 462,000
Verbano, or Lago Maggiore 81·4 646 1,230 690 9,680,000
Lake of Varese 6·2 771 85 33 35,200
Ceresio, or Lake of Lugano 19·3 889 950 490 1,584,000
Lario, or Lake of Como 60·2 663 1,352 810 7,700,000
Sebino, or Lake of Iseo 23·0 646 980 490 1,980,000
Lake of Idro 5·4 1,240 400(?) (?) (?)
Benaco, or Lake of Garda 115·8 226 960(?) 490 9,900,000
Adda.—Average 6,600, minimum 567, maximum 29,000 cubic feet per second. Ticino.—Average 11,400, minimum 1,770, maximum 77,400 cubic feet per second.
Length. Miles. Area of Basin. Sq. Miles. Volume in Cubic Feet per Second.
Maximum. Minimum. Average.
Isonzo 80 1,235 ― ― 4,240?
Tagliamento 105 800 ― ― 5,300?
Livenza 72 795 25,400 ― 1,400?
Piave 134 2,010 ― ― 11,300
Sile 37 540 1,550 350 700?
Brenta 105 1,510 30,000 137 1,930
Bacchiglione 74 187 320 ― 1,270
Adige 246 8,648 85,000 70 16,950
Po 416 26,799 182,500 550 60,700
Reno 112 1,930 53,500 35 8,300
Apennines.—Alps of Succiso, 6,625; Alps of Camporaghena (Garfagnana), 6,565; Monte Cimone, 7,111; Monte Falterone, or Falterona, 5,407.
Passes.—Pass of Pontremoli, or La Cisa (Sarzana to Parma), 3,410; Pass of Fiumalbo (Lucca to Modena), 3,940; Pass of Futa, or Pietramala (Florence to Bologna), 3,002; Pass of Camaldoli, 3,290.
Anti-Apennines.—Pisanino (Alpe Apuana), 6,608; Pietra Marina (Monte Albano), 1,886; Prato Magno, 5,183; Alpe di Catenaja, 4,595 feet.
Per Second. Per Day. Per Inhabitant.
Rome (1869) 481 41,580,000 208
Paris (1875) 904 78,100,000 44
London (1874) 1,262 110,000,000 27·5
Glasgow (1874) 373 32,482,500 52
Washington (1870) 741 66,000,000 660
Abruzzos:—Lanciano, 15,432; Chieti, 14,321; Aquila, 13,513; Campobusso, 13,345; Solmona, 12,583; Vasto, 10,093.
Cádiz, 62,000; Jerez, 35,000; Chiclana, 22,000; Puerto de Santa María, 18,000; San Fernando, 18,000; Sanlúcar de Barrameda, 17,000; Puerto Real, 14,000; Arcos de la Frontera, 12,000; Algeciras, 18,000; Medina Sidonia, 10,500.
Huelva, 10,000.
Seville (Sevilla), 80,000; Ecija, 24,000; Carmona, 18,000; Osuna, 16,000; Utrera, 14,000; Lebrija, 12,000; Marchena, 12,000.
Córdova, 45,000; Lucena, 16,000; Montilla, 15,500; Montoro, 12,000; Aguilar, 12,000; Baena, 14,500; Cabra, 11,500.
Jaen, 18,000; Linares, 40,000; Ubeda, 15,000; Baeza, 15,000; Alcalá la Real, 11,500; Andújar, 9,500.
Granada, 65,000; Loja, 15,000; Motril, 13,500; Baza, 13,500.
Málaga, 92,000; Antequera, 30,000; Velez Málaga, 15,000; Ronda, 14,000.
Almería, 27,000; Velez Rúbio, 13,000.
The produce of the mines in 1871 represented a value of £6,271,000.
In 1865 there were enumerated 680,373 horses, 1,020,512 mules, 1,298,334 asses, 2,967,303 heads of horned cattle, 22,468,969 sheep, 4,531,736 goats, 4,531,228 pigs, and 3,104 camels.
The products of manufactures are estimated by Garrido at £63,480,000. Imports (1871), £22,780,000, (1874) £15,280,000; exports (1871), £17,688,000, (1874) £16,120,000.
Commercial marine (1874), 2,836 sea-going vessels (inclusive of 212 steamers), of 625,184 tons, besides 6,498 lighters (26,000 tons) and 12,000 fishing-boats.
Railways, 3,602 miles in 1876.
Men. Women. Total.
Able to read and write 2,414,000 716,000 3,130,000
Able to read only 317,000 389,000 706,000
Illiterate 5,035,000 6,803,000 11,838,000
