LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Reading edition
MAPS PRINTED IN COLOURS. 1. Ethnographical Map of Europe . . . 18 2. Turkey-in-Europe and Greece . . . 85 3. The Bosphorus and Constantinople . . . 98 4. Ethnographical Map of Turkey . . . 148 5. Italy . . . 183 6. The Delta of the Po . . . 210 7. The Bay of Naples . . . 288 8. Spain and Portugal . . . 365
PLATES. 01. Peasants from the Environs of Athens . . . To face page . . . 53 02. Constantinople and the Golden Horn, from the Heights of Eyub . . . 99 03. Albanians . . . 118 04. Wealthy Arnauts . . . 124 05. Turkish Muleteers in the Herzegovina . . . 127 06. Tirnova . . . 133 07. Bulgarians . . . 138 08. Mussulman of Adrianople, and Mussulman Lady of Prisrend . . . 147 09. Wallachians (Valakhs) . . . 162 10. Belgrade . . . 174 11. The Pennine Alps, as seen from the Becca di Nona (Pic Carrel), 10,380 feet . . . 195 12. Venice . . . 207 13. The Palace at Ferrara . . . 228 14. Verona . . . 229 15. Peasants of the Abruzzos . . . 258 16. Naples . . . 300 17. Capri, seen from Massa Lubrense . . . 302 18. Amalfi . . . 304 19. La Valetta, Malta . . . 337 20. Peasants of Toledo, Castile . . . 390 21. Roman Bridge at Alcántara . . . 391 22. Gorge de los Gaitanes, Defile of Guadalhorce . . . 399 23. Peasants of Córdova, Andalusia . . . 406 24. Gibraltar, as seen from the “Lines” . . . 414 25. Peasants of La Huerta, and Cigarrera of Valencia . . . 419 26. Women of Ibiza, Balearic Isles . . . 425 27. Monserrat, Catalonia . . . 431 28. Barcelona, seen from the Castle of Monjuich . . . 437 29. Gorges of Pancorbo . . . 440 30. Los Pasages . . . 447 31. Oporto . . . 478 32. Lisbon . . . 484
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT. EUROPE. 1. The Natural Boundary of Europe . . . 7 2. The Relief of Europe . . . 8 3. Development of Coast-lines relatively to Area . . . 14 4. The Isothermal Zone of Europe . . . 17 THE MEDITERRANEAN. 5. The Depth of the Mediterranean . . . 24 6. The Strait of Gibraltar . . . 26 7. Principal Fisheries of the Mediterranean . . . 30 8. Steamer Routes and Telegraphs . . . 34 GREECE. 9. MAINOTE AND SPARTAN . . . 42 10. Foreign Elements in the Population of Greece . . . 44 11. MOUNT PARNASSUS AND DELPHI . . . 46 12. Lower Acarnania . . . 49 13. Thermopylæ . . . 50 14. Lake Copais . . . 52 15. THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS . . . 54 16. Athens and its Long Walls . . . 55 17. Ancient Athens . . . 56 18. MOUNT TAYGETUS . . . 58 19. Lakes Phenea and Stymphalus . . . 60 20. The Plateau of Mantinea . . . 62 21. Bifurcation of the Gastuni . . . 63 22. The Valley of the Eurotas . . . 67 23. Euripus and Chalcis . . . 70 24. Nea Kaimeni . . . 72 25. CORFU . . . 76 26. The Channel of Santa Maura . . . 77 27. Argostoli . . . 79 TURKEY IN EUROPE. 28. THE GORGE OF HAGIO RUMELI . . . 91 29. Crete, or Candia . . . 93 30. The Ægean Sea . . . 95 31. Geological Map of the Peninsula of Constantinople . . . 99 32. The Hellespont, or Dardanelles . . . 105 33. Mount Athos . . . 108 34. MOUNT OLYMPUS . . . 110 35. Mount Olympus and the Valley of Tempe . . . 111 36. Southern Epirus . . . 117 37. Subterranean Beds of the Affluents of the Narenta . . . 128 38. Mount Vitosh . . . 132 39. Delta of the Danube . . . 137 40. Comparative Discharge of the Mouths of the Danube . . . 138 41. Commercial Highways converging upon Constantinople . . . 150 42. The Turkish Empire . . . 151 RUMANIA. 43. The Rumanians . . . 156 44. The Rivers Shil and Olto . . . 158 45. The Danube and Yalomitza . . . 161 46. Ethnological Map of Moldavian Bessarabia . . . 164 47. BUCHAREST . . . 169 SERVIA AND MONTENEGRO. 48. Confluence of the Danube and Save . . . 174 49. Montenegro and the Lake of Skodra . . . 180 ITALY. 50. Rome and the Roman Empire . . . 186 51. MONTE VISO . . . 189 52. Grand Paradis . . . 191 53. Plain of Débris between the Alps and Apennines . . . 192 54. Slope of the Valley of the Po . . . 193 55. Mud Volcanoes of the Northern Apennines . . . 194 56. Ancient Glaciers of the Alps . . . 195 57. Serra of Ivrea and Ancient Glacier Lakes of the Dora . . . 196 58. Ancient Lakes of Verbano . . . 197 59. Lake Como . . . 198 60–62. Sections of Lake Como . . . 199 63. VILLA SERBELLONI . . . 201 64. Beech and Pine Woods of Ravenna . . . 203 65. Shingle Beds of the Tagliamento, &c. . . . 205 66. Old Bed of the Piave . . . 206 67. Lagoons of Venice . . . 207 68. Colonies of the Roman Veterans . . . 209 69. The Po between Piacenza and Cremona . . . 211 70. German Communes of Northern Italy . . . 216 71. MONTE ROSA . . . 217 72. The Lagoons of Comacchio . . . 220 73. The Fisheries of Comacchio . . . 221 74. Mouth of the Adige Valley . . . 223 75. The Passages over the Alps . . . 224 76. The Lakes and Canals of Mantua . . . 227 77. Palmanova . . . 229 78. Junction of the Alps and Apennines . . . 231 79. Genoa and its Suburbs . . . 234 80. GENOA . . . 235 81. The Gulf of Spezia . . . 237 82. THE GOLFOLINO OF THE ARNO . . . 240 83. Defiles of the Arno . . . 241 84. Monte Argentaro . . . 243 85. Val di Chiana . . . 244 86. The Lake of Bientina . . . 245 87. The Malarial Regions . . . 247 88. FLORENCE . . . 252 89. The Harbour of Leghorn . . . 255 90. The Lake of Bolsena . . . 260 91. La Montagna d’Albano . . . 261 92. Ancient Lake of Fucino . . . 263 93. Lake of Trasimeno . . . 264 94. CAMPAGNA OF ROME . . . 265 95. Pontine Marshes . . . 267 96. Ancient Lakes of the Tiber and Topino . . . 269 97. CASCADES OF TERNI . . . 270 98. The Delta of the Tiber . . . 271 99. PEASANTS OF THE ROMAN CAMPAGNA . . . 272 100. ROME . . . 276 101. The Hills of Rome . . . 278 102. Civita Vecchia . . . 281 103. Valleys of Erosion on the Western Slope of the Apennines . . . 283 104. Rimini and San Marino . . . 285 105. Monte Gargano . . . 287 106. Ashes of the Campania . . . 289 107. ERUPTION OF MOUNT VESUVIUS . . . 292 108. Educational Map of Italy . . . 297 109. Pompeii . . . 301 110. The Marshes of Salpi . . . 305 111. Harbour of Brindisi in 1871 . . . 307 112. Harbour of Taranto . . . 308 113. Strait of Messina . . . 310 114. Profile of Mount Etna . . . 311 115. Lava Stream of Catania . . . 313 116. Subsidiary Cones of Mount Etna . . . 314 117. The Maccalubas and Girgenti . . . 317 118. PALERMO AND MONTE PELLEGRINO . . . 324 119. Trapani and Marsala . . . 326 120. Syracuse . . . 328 121. TEMPLE OF CONCORD AT GIRGENTI . . . 329 122. The Central Portion of the Æolian Islands . . . 332 123. The Mediterranean to the South of Sicily . . . 334 124. The Port of Malta . . . 336 125. The Sea to the South of Sardinia . . . 339 126. Strait of Bonifacio . . . 340 127. La Giara . . . 345 128. District of Iglesias . . . 348 129. CAGLIARI . . . 350 130. Port of Terranova . . . 351 131. Navigation of Italy . . . 355 132. Commercial Routes of Italy . . . 356 133. Submarine Plateau between Corsica and Tuscany . . . 364 134. Profile of the Road from Ajaccio to Bastia . . . 365 135. BASTIA . . . 368 SPAIN. 136. Table-lands of Iberian Peninsula . . . 371 137. Dehesas near Madrid . . . 375 138. Density of Population . . . 376 139. Profile of Railway from Bayonne to Cádiz . . . 379 140. Sierras de Grédos and de Gata . . . 380 141. DEFILE OF THE TAJO . . . 382 142. Steppes of New Castile . . . 384 143. Salamanca . . . 388 144. THE ALCAZAR OF SEGOVIA . . . 389 145. TOLEDO . . . 390 146. Madrid and its Environs . . . 392 147. Aranjuez . . . 394 148. Basins of the Guadiana and Guadalquivir . . . 395 149. THE PASS OF DESPEÑAPERROS . . . 396 150. THE SIERRA NEVADA . . . 397 151. The Mouth of the Guadalquivir . . . 399 152. The Steppes of Ecija . . . 402 153. Zones of Vegetation on the Coast of Andalusia . . . 403 154. The Mines of Huelva . . . 406 155. THE ALHAMBRA . . . 408 156. Cádiz and its Roadstead . . . 411 157. Gibraltar . . . 413 158. Steppes of Múrcia . . . 416 159. THE PALM GROVE OF ELCHE . . . 418 160. The Palm Grove of Elche and the Huertas of Orihuela . . . 419 161. RUINS OF THE DYKE ABOVE LORCA . . . 420 162. PEASANTS OF MURCIA . . . 421 163. The Harbour of Cartagena . . . 423 164. The Gráo de Valencia . . . 424 165. The Balearic Islands . . . 426 166. VIEW OF IBIZA . . . 427 167. The Pytiuses . . . 428 168. Port Mahon . . . 430 169. The Delta of the Ebro . . . 435 170. The Steppes of Aragon . . . 436 171. The Environs of Barcelona . . . 440 172. The Sand-banks of Mataró . . . 441 173. Andorra . . . 443 174. Jaizquibel . . . 445 175. Azcoitia and Azpeitia . . . 447 176. The Environs of Bilbao . . . 449 177. St. Sebastian . . . 450 178. ST. SEBASTIAN . . . 451 179. Guetaria . . . 452 180. Guernica . . . 453 181. Pass of Reinosa . . . 454 182. Peñas de Europa . . . 456 183. Rias of La Coruña and Ferrol . . . 458 184. Santoña and Santander . . . 460 185. Oviedo and Gijon . . . 462 186. TOWER OF HERCULES . . . 463 187. Ria de Vigo . . . 464 188. Railroads of the Iberian Peninsula . . . 465 189. Foreign Commerce of the Iberian Peninsula . . . 466 190. Diagram exhibiting the Extent of the Castilian Language . . . 467 PORTUGAL. 191. Rainfall of the Iberian Peninsula . . . 470 192. PORTUGUESE TYPES (Peasants) . . . 472 193. The Valley of the Limia, or Lima . . . 475 194. Dunes of Avéiro . . . 476 195. Oporto and the Paiz do Vinho . . . 478 196. São João da Foz and the Mouth of the Dóuro . . . 480 197. COIMBRA . . . 482 198. The Estuary of the Tejo (Tagus) . . . 483 199. Peniche and the Berlingas . . . 485 200. Mouth of the Tejo . . . 486 201. Zones of Vegetation in Portugal . . . 488 202. CASTLE OF PENHA DE CINTRA . . . 489 203. MONASTERY OF THE KNIGHTS OF CHRIST AT THOMAR . . . 491 204. Estuary of the Sado . . . 492 205. Serra de Monchique and Promontory of Sagres . . . 493 206. Geology of Algarve . . . 494 207. Faro and Tavira . . . 496 208. Geographical Extent of the Portuguese Language . . . 497 209. Telegraph from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . . . 498
