Volume 3 / Part 3 — KALĀR
Reading edition
List of Paragraphs
1. Strength of the caste. 306
2. Internal structure. 306
3. Dandsena Kalārs in Chhattīsgarh. 307
4. Social customs. 308
5. Liquor held divine in Vedic times. 311
6. Subsequent prohibition of alcohol. 312
7. Spirits habitually drunk in ancient times. 313
8. Drunkenness and divine inspiration. 314
9. Sanctity of liquor among the Gonds and other castes. 316
10. Drugs also considered divine. 317
11. Opium and gānja. 319
12. Tobacco. 320
13. Customs in connection with drinking. 321
1. Strength of the caste.
2. Internal structure.
3. Dandsena Kalārs in Chhattīsgarh.
4. Social customs.
While the highest castes of Hindus eschew spirituous liquor the cultivating and middle classes are divided, some drinking it and others not; and to the menial and labouring classes, and especially to the forest tribes, it is the principal luxury of their lives. Unfortunately they have not learnt to indulge in moderation and nearly always drink to excess if they have the means, while the intoxicating effect of even a moderate quantity is quickly perceptible in their behaviour.
5. Liquor held divine in Vedic times.
6. Subsequent prohibition of alcohol.
7. Spirits habitually drunk in ancient times.
8. Drunkenness and divine inspiration.
9. Sanctity of liquor among the Gonds and other castes.
10. Drugs also considered divine.
11. Opium and gānja.
The prohibition of wine to Muhammadans is held to include drugs, but it is not known how far the rule is strictly observed. But addiction to drugs is at any rate uncommon among Muhammadans.
12. Tobacco.
13. Customs in connection with drinking.
The country liquor, consisting of spirits distilled from the flowers of the mahua tree, is an indispensable adjunct to marriage and other ceremonial feasts among the lower castes of Hindus and the non-Aryan tribes. It is usually drunk before the meal out of brass vessels, cocoanut-shells or leaf-cups, water being afterwards taken with the food itself. If an offender has to give a penalty feast for readmission to caste but the whole burden of the expense is beyond his means, other persons who may have committed minor offences and owe something to the caste on that account are called upon to provide the liquor. Similarly at the funeral feast the heir and chief mourner may provide the food and more distant relatives the liquor. The Gonds never take food while drinking, and as a rule one man does not drink alone. Three or four of them go to the liquor-shop together and each in turn buys a whole bottle of liquor which they share with each other, each bottle being paid for by one of the company and not jointly. And if a friend from another village turns up and is invited to drink he is not allowed to pay anything. In towns there will be in the vicinity of the liquor-shop retailers of little roasted balls of meat on sticks and cakes of gram-flour fried in salt and chillies. These the customers eat, presumably to stimulate their thirst or as a palliative to the effects of the spirit. Illicit distillation is still habitual among the Gonds of Mandla, who have been accustomed to make their own liquor from time immemorial. In the rains, when travelling is difficult and the excise officers cannot descend on them without notice, they make the liquor in their houses. In the open season they go to the forest and find some spot secluded behind rocks and also near water. When the fermented mahua is ready they put up the distilling vat in the middle of the day so that the smoke may be less perceptible, and one of them will climb a tree and keep watch for the approach of the Excise Sub-Inspector and his myrmidons while the other distils.