Chapter IV · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF PLUMS

Abbaye d’Arton. Domestica. 1. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 445. 1906.

This variety came from a chance seedling found in the ruins of the Abbaye d’Arton at Valreas, France; it was propagated in 1897 by M. Valdy of Valreas. Tree very productive; fruit large, obovate; suture obscure; stem short; pale red, darker on the sunny side; bloom thick; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

Abricotee de Braunau. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 349. 1866. 2. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 429. 1881. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 683. 1884. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 423. 1889.

Abricotée de Braunau 4. Braunauer Aprikosenartige 2. Braunauer Aprikosenartige Pflaume 4. Braunauer Aprikosenartige Damascene 4. Braunauer Neue Kernfrucht 2. Reine-Claude Braunau 3, 4.

Dr. Liegel of Braunau, Germany, originated this variety about 1810. Fruit large, roundish; suture distinct; greenish; bloom rather heavy; dots distinct, reddish; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone free; mid-season.

Abricotee de Lange. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:103, fig. 52. 1873.

Langes Aprikosenpflaume 1.

Dr. Liegel of Braunau, Germany, grew this variety and named it after Lange of Altenburg. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture slight; yellow, blushed in the sun; flesh yellow, tender, sweet, aromatic; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Abricotee de Trauttenberg. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:35, fig. 18. 1873. 2. Mathieu, Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Abricotée de Trauttenberg 2. Abricotée Rouge de Trauttenberg 2. Trauttenbergs Aprikosenpflaume 1. Von Trauttenberg’s Aprikosenpflaume 2.

Liegel raised the Abricotée de Trauttenberg from a stone of the Red Apricot and named it after Baron Emmanuel of Trauttenberg, Prague. Fruit medium in size, oval, red; flesh yellow, firm, aromatic; good; freestone; mid-season.

Abricot Princesse. Domestica. Mentioned in Knoop Fructologie 2:54. 1771.

Admirable. Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803.

Admiral. Domestica. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 257. 1832. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 293. 1845. 3. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 345. 1849.

Corse’s Admiral 1, 2, 3.

Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada. Inferior in quality but hardy, productive and showy; rarely grown. Fruit of medium size, oval, sides unequal, light purple; dots yellow; bloom thin; stem long, pubescent; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; clingstone; mid-season.

Admiral Schley. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:260. 1890. 2. Terry Cat. 1900.

Originated by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa. Fruit roundish, yellow, washed with deep bronze-red; dots small, numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom thin; skin tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging. Apparently an improvement over Hawkeye.

Advance. Americana. 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 142. 1901. 2. Kerr Cat. 1902-3.

Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, and introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, in 1902. Fruit large, oval; cavity very shallow; suture a line; apex slightly depressed; dark red; dots many, conspicuous, yellow; good; clingstone; tree vigorous and productive; said to be resistant to rot.

African. Angustifolia varians. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 160. 1881. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:60, 86. 1892. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 192, 193 fig. 1901.

Originated with G. Onderdonk[227] of Texas and introduced by him in 1870; said to be one of the best varieties of this species. Tree small, spreading; fruit medium to large, roundish to oblong, dull, dark red; dots large and small, white; skin thin, tough; flesh yellow, soft, juicy, subacid; good; stone clinging; mid-season.

Alabama. Triflora ×?. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 175:154. 1899. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 201. 1901.

Normand No. 5 2

Sent out by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, light yellow with pink cheek; bloom thin; mid-season; fruits drop before ripe but mature after falling; good; tree spreading, twiggy; branches smooth, glossy, zigzag.

Albany Beauty. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 146. 1831. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 327. 1849. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 420. 1889.

Belle d’Albany 3. Denniston’s Albany Beauty 2, 3. Denniston’s Albany 1.

Produced in the garden of Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York, about 1835. Fruit below medium in size, oval with a slight neck, greenish-yellow with reddish spots on the sunny side; flesh yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; good; stone free, small, pointed; mid-season; tree hardy; productive.

Alberta. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large; fairly productive; early.

Alexander. Species? 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1903. 2. Ibid. 424. 1905.

Alexander’s Late 2.

Mentioned as a late native plum; productive; resistant to rot; clingstone.

Alibuchari. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:163. 1843. 2. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:534. 1855.

An old European prune. Size medium, oval, purple; fair in quality; freestone; shrivels on the tree; hardy; productive.

Alice. Americana mollis. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

Originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Van Buren. “Tree a fine upright grower, with large, light red fruit of best quality.”

Allen. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:78. 1892.

Allen’s Yellow 1.

An obsolete variety from Kansas of medium size, round, yellow and red; skin thick; clingstone.

Allfruit. Simonii × Triflora. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:5. 1898. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 202. 1901.

Grown by Luther Burbank; named in 1898. Described by Waugh as follows: “Fruit oblate, medium size; cavity deep, rounded; stem short; suture rather shallow; color pale red with many large and small yellowish dots and a thin white bloom; skin medium thick; flesh-medium firm, bright yellow; flavor sweet and rich, fragrant; good to best; stone medium to large, slightly flattened, semi-cling; leaf large, oval, pointed, rather finely double crenulate and minutely glandular, rather thick, glistens as if varnished; petiole short, glandular.”

Allie. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Tree productive; fruit of medium size; skin red; flavor good; early.

Aloe. Domestica. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 55. 1878.

Mentioned as an old Scottish variety; is not hardy at Montreal, Canada.

Alois Reine Claude. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 420. 1889.

Alois’ Reine-Claude. Reine-Claude d’Alois. Reine-Claude Aloise.

Aloo Bokhara. Domestica? 1. Horticulturist 3:144. 1848.

A variety noted by Sir Alexander Burnes, while traveling in Bokhara, as having a sweet kernel. He states that the stone, when ripe, can be seen through the skin.

Alpha. Maritima. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:254, 255. 1905.

A variety selected from wild trees by E. W. Winsor of New Jersey and sent to J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, who introduced it in 1899. Very small, roundish, purple; no cavity nor suture; flesh greenish-yellow; poor; freestone; early; tree small, compact, very productive.

Alpha-Americana. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1900.

A seedling of De Soto pollinated by Weaver; grown by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, in 1890. Fruit large, oval with a truncate base, clear yellow, mottled with light red, lilac blush; suture distinct; flesh yellow, firm and meaty; fair in quality; stone of medium size, flattened, free; mid-season.

Amaryllis. Insititia. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:33. 1903.

Originated by August Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies, Province of Quebec, in 1890 from seed of Mirabelle. Fruit large, roundish; cavity medium, abrupt; suture distinct; apex rounded; greenish-yellow; dots indistinct; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; good; clingstone.

Amber. Domestica? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 577, 578. 1629. 2. Quintinye Com. Gard. 68. 1699.

Described by Parkinson in 1629 as a small, round, yellow freestone plum of mediocre quality; classified by him as “Prunum Ambarinum.”

Amber Primordian. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 575. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 206. 1676.

Mentioned by Parkinson in 1629 as an early, small, round, yellow, watery, worthless plum.

Ambre Tardif. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889.

Ambrée Tardive.

Amelie Blanche. Domestica. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:54. 1771.

Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, yellow; obsolete.

Amelie Noire. Domestica. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:54. 1771.

Of ancient and unknown origin. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, purplish-black; flesh dry; flavor fair; early.

Amelioree. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Bul. 10:20. 1901.

D’Agen Ameliorée 1.

Ameliorée originated in eastern France and differs from Agen only in being more vigorous; foliage and fruit larger and the season earlier.

American Golden. Hortulana. 1. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 182. 1895. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 11:283. 1898.

James B. Wild of Sarcoxie, Missouri, introduced this variety as a seedling found in his neighborhood. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, round; suture a line; cavity very shallow; stem medium; bright golden-yellow; dots numerous, large, white; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, firm, sweet but sprightly; good; stone of medium size, turgid, clinging; late.

American Magnum Bonum. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 896. 1869.

Probably a seedling of Red Magnum Bonum from which it differs in that the young shoots are pubescent, the stone clinging and the fruit better in quality.

American Prune. Domestica. 1. Wood Bros. Cat. 1898. Probably a synonym.

American Violet. Domestica. 1. Le Bon Jard. 1:342. 1882. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser., 3:49. 1900. P. violette americaine 1.

Tree weak in growth, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval, light purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; quality good; mid-season.

American Wheat. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 289. 1845. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 346. 1849. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:129. 1873.

American Wheat 3. Froment American 3.

A very small, round, pale blue plum with thin bloom; flesh greenish, melting, juicy, sweet; poor; clingstone; mid-season; tree productive; leaves small, light colored.

Ancient City. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 6:270 fig. 1858. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 941. 1869. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 684. 1884.

Reagles’ Ancient City 1, 2.

Raised by C. Reagles, Schenectady, New York, supposedly from seed of Washington. Fruit large, roundish; suture deep; sides unequal; yellow, tinged with green, mottled with crimson specks next to the sun; bloom thin; stem of medium length, thick; flesh yellow veined with white, firm, coarse; good; freestone.

Anderson. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:27. 1897. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 488. 1904.

Anderson’s Early Red 1.

Found growing on the Turkey River near Sioux Rapids, Iowa, by Mrs. Vincent Anderson, about 1865. Trees productive; fruit of medium size; good; mid-season.

Angelina Burdett. Domestica. 1. Gard. Chron. 13:600. 1853. 2. Mas Le Verger 6:37. 1866-73. 3. Gaucher Pom. Prak. Obst. 91. 1894.

Raised from seed by Henry Dowling of Woolston, England, about 1845. Tree vigorous, hardy and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep, one side enlarged; skin thick; dark purple with brown dots and heavy bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, rich, juicy, sprightly; stone small, obovate, free; mid-season.

Angouleme. Domestica. 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 1901. Reine-Claude d’Angouleme 1.

Similar to Reine Claude.

Anna. Americana. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 90. 1885.

A variety grown from a wild plum root secured in Wisconsin by Mr. Charles Gibb of Montreal, Canada.

Anna Maria. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 896. 1869.

Originated by S. D. Pardee, New Haven, Connecticut. Fruit below medium in size, roundish-oval; suture lacking; pale greenish-yellow splashed with darker green; stem short; cavity small; flesh pale green, juicy, melting, rich, sugary; good; stone nearly free; tree moderately vigorous, spreading, productive.

Anna Spath. Domestica. 1. Lange Allgem. Garten. 2:421. 1879. 2. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 401. 1881. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889. 4. Can. Exp. Farm Bul., 2d Ser. 3:49. 1900.

Anna Spaeth 3.

Originated with M. Spath at Baumschulenweg, Germany, about 1870. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, flattened at both ends; skin tough, free; brownish-black; dots brownish; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, very juicy, mild; good; freestone; season late.

Annual Bearer. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:11. 1901.

A seedling grown by Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit large, oblong; suture distinct; purplish-red on a yellow ground; dots numerous, small; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough; stone strongly flattened, oval, pointed, sharp on both sides; flesh rich; flavor good; mid-season.

Apple. Americana. Patten No. 40.

A seedling of Hawkeye; fruit large, roundish, dark red; dots conspicuous; suture a line; skin tender; flesh juicy, soft, fibrous, sweet; fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Apple. Domestica. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 210. 1849. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 373. 1857.

Apple Plum 1, 2.

Originated in the garden of D. U. Pratt, Chelsea, Massachusetts. Fruit large, flattened like an apple; sides unequal; suture distinct; stem short; cavity broad, deep; reddish-purple; bloom heavy; dots yellow; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, slightly coarse, sweet, sprightly; skin astringent; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Apricot. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:32. 1898.

Tree bushy; fruit medium in size, roundish; suture slight; skin thick; red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh reddish-yellow, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Aprikosenartige Mirabelle. Insititia. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 426. 1881. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889.

Mirabelle Abricotée 2.

Said to be a synonym of Mirabelle; Oberdieck claims that this variety has firmer and sweeter flesh, and that its shoots are glabrous.

Arab. Domestica. 1. Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 29. 1885. 2. Mich. Sta. Rpt. 111. 1887.

Noted in the preceding references as imported from eastern Europe.

Arctic. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A variety selected from wild plants by Thomas Frankland, Stonewall, Manitoba, and tested at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large, red; late.

Ashes Seedling. Species? Mentioned in N. Y. Sta. Rpt. 9:347. 1890.

Ashridge Black. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 143. 1831. 2. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:529. 1855.

An English variety not cultivated in this country. Medium in size, roundish, purple, firm; quality fair; a good kitchen variety; tree hardy and productive.

Assiniboia. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada; now discarded. Fruit of medium size; early.

Aston. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 143. 1831.

A small, round, purple, clingstone plum of mediocre quality; obsolete.

Aston Green Gage. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 147. 1831.

Atkins. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:262. 1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 143. 1901.

Beatty 1, 2.

Originated with James Beatty at Atkins, Benton County, Iowa, and introduced by R. Royce of the same place in 1894 under the name Beatty. It became confused with the Beaty of Texas and Waugh renamed it, giving it the name of the place of its origin. Fruit large, oval, slightly compressed; cavity small; suture a line; red on a yellow ground; dots small, numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

A-248. Munsoniana × Triflora. 1. Burbank Cat. 22. 1893. 2. Vt. Sta. Bul. 5:67. 1898.

An early, dark crimson, heart-shaped plum of medium size, yellow flesh and inferior quality.

Aubert. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1887. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890. 3. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 292. Pl. V c and d. 1893. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 25. 1897. 5. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 328. 1903.

Dame Aubert Jaune 1, 2. Dame Aubert Jaune 3. Riga 115 2. Yellow Aubert ?1, 3, 5. Yellow Aubert 4.

Introduced from Russia by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station in 1882. According to the introducer this variety was found in southwest Russia and Poland; said to have come from central Asia. Evidently related to the Yellow Egg, differing in being earlier and of better quality.

Auburn. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 897. 1869.

A variety said by Downing to be a native of western New York. Fruit medium in size, oval; suture shallow; skin light reddish-purple with a thin bloom; stem short; flesh coarse, orange-yellow, not juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; freestone; early.

Auchtertyre. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 143. 1831.

A small, oval, purple, early plum; quality medium; freestone; obsolete.

August. Nigra. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 20. 1889. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:27. 1897.

August Red 1.

A large purplish-red variety introduced by J. W. Kerr, Maryland. Fruit oblong; clingstone; tree upright, vigorous, unproductive; foliage resembling that of an apricot.

August Zwetsche. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889.

Liegel’s August Zwetsche.

Aunt Ann. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 351. 1866. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 918. 1869. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 275. 1873.

Guthrie’s Aunt Ann 1. Guthrie’s Aunt Ann 2. Aunt Ann 2, 3. Tante Anne 3.

This variety was grown in Scotland by a Mr. Guthrie. A large, round, greenish-yellow plum; flesh rich, juicy; freestone; tree hardy, productive.

Aurora. Hortulana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1900-03.

Moreman’s Cherry 1.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Nebraska and introduced in 1898 by J. W. Kerr of Maryland under the name “Moreman’s Cherry;” in 1900, Mr. Kerr changed the name to Aurora. Fruit large, round, cherry-red deepening to dark red; clingstone; season late; tree vigorous, productive.

Austrian Quetsche. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 152. 1831. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:78. 1832. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 311. 1845.

Bremen Prune 2, 3. Quetsche de Breme 3.

A strain of the German Prune from which it differs in being a little later and of somewhat better flavor.

Autumn Gage. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 10:167. 1843. 2. Ann. Pom. Belge 7:43, Pl. 1859. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 380. 1866. 4. Mas Le Verger 6:33, fig. 1866-73. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 435. 1889.

Autumn Gage 3, 5. Herbst Reine Claude 5. Prune Autumn Gage 2. Reine-Claude d’Automne 2, 5. Reine-Claude d’Automne 4. Roe’s Autumn 3. Roe’s Autumn Gage 3, 5.

Raised by Wm. Roe, Newburgh, New York. Tree spreading, hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; stem of medium length; pale yellow with a thin bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy and sweet with a rich and excellent flavor; stone long, compressed, pointed at both ends, free; season late.

Azure. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:67, fig. 34. 1873.

Reine-Claude Azurée 1.

Mas states that this variety grew in his garden from a sucker. Tree vigorous, medium in productiveness; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture a line; skin tender; purplish-black; stem long, slender to medium; cavity deep; flesh green, fine, tender, soft, juicy, sweet, aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

Bailey. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1901-1902.

A variety sent J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, by the Division of Pomology, United States Department of Agriculture, for testing. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit above medium in size, oblong, very dark red; good; clingstone; said to be free from rot.

Bailey. Domestica. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 62:20. 1894.

Known only from a plate in the possession of the Rochester Lithographing Company, made some time prior to 1886, representing this plum and stating that it “has not failed to bear for twenty-five successive years.”

Baker. Insititia. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:41, 43. 1899. 2. Ibid. 187:77, 78. 1901.

Baker Damson 1.

Tree upright, vigorous, unproductive; fruit small, roundish-ovate; stem slender, inserted in a slight cavity; dark blue or black; flesh greenish-amber, juicy; good; stone small, roundish, clinging.

Baker. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 101. 1891. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:182. 1897. 3. Brown Bros. Cat. 1900.

Baker’s German Prune 1, 3.

A seedling of the German Prune which had its origin at Collingwood, Canada, with a Mr. Baker. Tree hardy, an annual bearer, productive; fruit resembles the Italian Prune in color and quality but is a trifle smaller and two weeks later.

Baldwin. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 333. 1888. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:9, 51 fig. 1905.

A wild variety found by D. L. Royer of Iowa. Tree vigorous; fruit large, round; apex flat; cavity deep, narrow; dark red, mottled with dull yellow; bloom heavy; dots whitish, minute, numerous; skin thick, astringent; flesh dark yellow, flavor pleasant, acid; good; stone semi-free, rounded, thick, of medium size.

Ballonartige Gelbe Zwetsche. Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889.

Damas-Ballon Jaune. Damas-Ballon Panachée Variete.

Ballonartige Rote Damascene. Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889.

Damas-Ballon Rouge.

Bankalari Fruh Damascene. Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 421. 1889.

Bankalari’s Rote Früh Damascene 1.

Banker’s Gage. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 147. 1831. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 202. 1835.

Originated in New York. Fruit large; flavor good; adapted to drying.

Bant Späte Reine Claude. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Bant’s Late Green Gage.

Baraboo. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:28. 1897. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:262. 1900.

Found wild near Baraboo, Wisconsin, about 1860 and introduced by William Toole of the same place in 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading, symmetrical; fruit of medium size, round, dull yellow, overlaid with red; flesh firm, mild, sweet; quality fair; mid-season; drops badly and is a poor keeper.

Barbary. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 207. 1676.

Barberry 2.

A large, egg-shaped, early, productive, black plum.

Barkhausen Violette Reine Claude. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Barkley. Americana? 1. Letter from Kerr.

Teeter 1.

From Pennsylvania; fruit medium in size, green, blushed with red; good.

Barnsback. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:11. 1901. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:9. 1905.

Barnsbeck 2.

Originated at Vermilion, South Dakota. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; yellowish overspread with light red; sparsely dotted; heavy bloom; skin medium thick, astringent until fully ripe; flesh pale yellow or reddish, juicy, sweet; good; stone nearly free; mid-season.

Baronne Helen Trauttenberg. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 352. 1895.

A variety said to resemble Italian Prune.

Basaricatta. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Collo-Torto 1.

An Italian variety described by Gallesio in his Pomona Italiana. Fruit long, prune-shaped, necked; skin golden-yellow; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and agreeable; a good shipper.

Bastle. Species? 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:490. 1899.

Reported as very weak in growth and as having failed to produce fruit.

Batchelor Damson. Insititia. 1. N. Y. Sta. Rpt. 12:611. 1893.

Received for testing at the New York Experiment Station.

Bazalicza. Domestica. 1. Mas Le Verger 6:139. 1866-73. 2. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 441. 1881. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889. 4. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 402. 1898. 5. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser., 3:51. 1900.

Quetsche de Bazalicza 1. Bazalicza Zwetsche 1. Bazalicza Zwetsche 2, 3. Bazalicza’s Grosse Blaue Zwetsche 3. Quetsche de Bazalicza 3. Bazalicza’s Prune 4. Bazalicza Damson 5.

Raised by Liegel of Braunau, Germany, from seed of Red Magnum Bonum. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit above medium size, oblong-oval; suture shallow, halves usually unequal; skin free; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet; excellent; clingstone; early.

Beach Plum. Maritima.

“Beach Plum” is the common name for Prunus maritima.

Beals. Domestica.

A seedling raised by George F. Beals, of Viscalia, California, and sent to Nelson Smith of Geneva, New York, for testing. Fruit large, egg-shaped, lop-sided; suture shallow; skin thick; blue, often purplish; dots yellow; flesh firm, yellow, juicy, sweet; stone large, oval, rough; mid-season.

Bean. Americana, 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 128. 1890. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:28. 1897.

Found wild by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit below medium in size, oblong; apex flattened; suture depressed; pale yellow tinged with crimson; dots faint; skin astringent unless fully ripe; flesh pale yellow or reddish, juicy, sweet, rich; stone large, oblong, rough, pointed, grooved on the back; mid-season.

Beaty. Angustifolia varians. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:36, 60. 1902. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 489. 1897. 3. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:478. 1899. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 192. 1901.

Beauty’s Choice 1. Beaty Choice 2. Beauty 3. Beaty’s Choice 4. El Paso 4. El Paso 1.

Originated under cultivation with Lee Beaty, Luling County, Texas, and introduced by him in 1877. Tree irregular, spreading; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; light red; bloom thin; dots numerous; flesh yellow; good; stone oval, turgid, clinging.

Bechstein Spitzpflaume. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Blaue Zipper. Prunus Oxycarpa. Rosinen Pflaume. Spitz Pflaume. Spitzige Rote Pflaume. Rote Zwetsche incor. Rote Zipper.

Bedford. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size.

Beer Plum. Domestica. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890.

One of the many Domesticas imported from Europe by Professor J. L. Budd. This one is small and fit only for culinary purposes.

Bell. Species? 1. Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul. 12:102. 1910.

Bell’s October 1.

A variety said to be of value near Plainview, Texas.

Belle de Hardy. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 352. 1895.

Said to resemble Agen.

Belle de Louvain. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 392. 1857. 2. Ibid. 898. 1869. 3. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 471. 1894. 4. Guide Prat. 157, 352. 1895.

Large Black Imperial? 4. Plum of Louvain 1. Prune de Louvain 2. Schöne von Lowen 3. Schöne von Lowen 4.

A seedling found in the nursery of Van Mons at Louvain, Belgium, about 1840. Tree vigorous, a biennial bearer; fruit large, long-oval; suture distinct; deep purple with delicate bloom; flesh firm, yellowish, juicy, rich; mid-season; valuable for culinary purposes.

Belle de Paris. Domestica. Mentioned in Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:49. 1900.

Belle de Riom. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:83. 1873.

This variety is thought to have originated in the vicinity of the French village of Riom, in the early part of the Nineteenth Century. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval; suture indistinct; skin intense purple; dots white; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, rich, sweet, aromatic; very good; stone oval, free; late.

Belle de Schoeneberg. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom Pom. 449. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 158, 352. 1895.

Belle de Schöneberg. 1. Gloire de Schöneberg. 1, 2. Rotgefleckte Gold Pflaume 1. Rothgefleckte Goldpflaume 2. Schöne von Schöneberg 1. Schöne von Schöneberg 2.

Tree neither vigorous nor productive; fruit large, roundish, reddish-violet; flesh yellow, sweet, agreeable; good; early.

Belsiana. Cerasifera. 1. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 471. 1887.

A wild plum resembling Myrobalan, selected by the Arabs and introduced into France in 1878 by G. Luizet, to whom it was sent by Ferdinand Lombard, horticulturist at Mustopha, Algieria. Fruit of medium size, round; suture indistinct; cavity shallow; skin papery; amber-yellow, with a rose tint on the sunny side; flesh amber-yellow, melting, sweet; stone slightly clinging; early.

Belvoir. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 680, 686. 1884.

Fruit above medium in size, round; suture faint; skin thin; black with russet markings and dots; flesh yellow, tender, rich; freestone; late.

Bender. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1896-7. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 143. 1901. 3. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 121. 1902. 4. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:10. 1905.

Paul Wolf 4.

Reported to have been grown near Chaska, Minnesota, by Paul Wolf. Tree very vigorous, productive; fruit large, oblong, conical, irregular; suture indistinct; dark red with thick bloom; dots numerous, small; skin thick, tough; flesh light yellow, very firm, meaty; fair to good; stone long, pointed, early.

Benedetto. Domestica? Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Beni-Detto.

Benedict. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 899. 1869.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; fruit small, oval; suture distinct; pale yellow, dotted and splashed with red on the sunny side; bloom thin; flesh pale yellow, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone.

Beni Botan. Triflora. 1. Va. Sta. Bul. 129:111. 1901.

A variety imported by the Department of Agriculture.

Benschoten. Domestica.

Pits were left in the cellar of a Mr. Benschoten of Woodstock, Ulster County, New York, by a German emigrant, and from them the above variety was grown. Fruit above medium in size, oval, cream color, mottled with crimson; flesh golden-yellow, sugary, aroma like that of an apricot; season late.

Benson. Hortulana. 1. Kerr Cat. 14. 1898. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 40. 1899. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 177. 1901. 4. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 422. 1905.

Moreman Prune 1. Benson Market 4.

Benson originated with Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; was first called Moreman Prune but was renamed and introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1898. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture distinct; deep cherry-red, with numerous, yellowish dots; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone medium in size, oval, clinging; season late.

Berlepsch. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:175. 1873. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Berlepsch’s Grosse Grüne Reine-Claude 2. Berlepchs Renclode Grosse Grüne 1. Grosse Reine-Claude de Berlepsch 2. Grosse Reine-Claude Verte De Berlepsch 1.

A seedling raised by Liegel of Braunau, Germany. Tree vigorous, medium in productiveness; fruit of the same flavor and quality as the Reine Claude, of which it is probably a strain to be distinguished by earlier maturity, slightly more depressed form and a paler-colored skin.

Berlet Früh Damascene. Domestica? Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Bernsteinzwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 351. 1895.

Ambre de Provence 2. Ambre de Provence 1. Bernsteinzwetsche 2.

Mentioned in the references cited without description.

Berryhill. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree productive; fruit large, red over a yellow ground; skin thin, tender; flesh firm; good; clingstone.

Berry Plum. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:78. 1892.

Mentioned as a variety growing on the grounds of the New York State College of Agriculture.

Best Black Blood. Triflora. 1. Rural N. Y. 59:655 fig. 245. 1900.

Originated by Burbank and described by him as being productive and vigorous; leaves resembling Simon; fruit large; flesh juicy and firm.

Best of All. Hortulana mineri × Triflora. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:7. 1898. 2. Rural N. Y. 65:730. 1906. Bestovall 1.

This is a seedling of Miner pollinated by Abundance originating with T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree vigorous, prolific; fruit of medium size, round, dark red; flesh firm, meaty; good; late.

Beta. Maritima. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899-1900.

Selected from wild plants by E. W. Winsor of New York. Fruit yellow, small and round; very prolific; early.

Betterave. Domestica. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:496. 1860.

Tree large and vigorous; fruit large, round, pale yellow, juicy, not pleasant.

Beztercser Grosse Zwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 352. 1895.

Mentioned in the preceding references; said to resemble Washington.

Biconical. Triflora ×? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:270. 1901.

A cross between Abundance and “a Chicasaw,” originating with A. L. Bruce, Texas. Leaves Triflora-like with peculiar double, crenulate, glandular margins. Fruit conical, of medium size; cavity shallow; suture faint; skin thin; bright red; bloom moderate; flesh soft, yellow, subacid; quality fair; stone medium in size, round-oval, clinging.

Biery. Triflora. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 45. 1895.

Received from California by J. J. Biery, Covington, Louisiana, wrongly labeled Long Fruit. Fruit spherical, medium in size; cavity deep; suture indistinct; color yellow, blushed with red, patched with russet and with minute, russet dots, skin thin, separating easily from the tender, juicy, yellow flesh; good; stone medium in size, oval, clinging; early.

Big Rose. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Div. Pom. Bul. 10:21. 1901.

A variety of English origin introduced into Oregon about 1900.

Bilona. Triflora ×?

Bilona, as yet unintroduced, originated with H. A. Biles, Roanoke, Texas, and is thought by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas, to be a seedling of Chabot probably crossed with some native variety. Tree resembles Chabot; fruit red, coloring long before ripe; quality said to be very good.

Bingham. Domestica. 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 27. 1828. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:101. 1832. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 272. 1845. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 87. 1854. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Bingham’s Pflaume 5.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Fruit large, oval, yellow, occasionally with carmine dots on the sunny exposure; suture distinct; cavity narrow and deep; flesh yellowish, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone; early; at one time highly esteemed.

Biondeck. Domestica. 1. Koch Deut. Obst. 572. 1876. 2. Lauche Deut. Pom. 10, Pl. IV. 1882. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Biondeck’s Frühzwetsche 1, 2, 3. Biondeck’s rothe Frühzwetsche 2. Biondeck’s Rote Früh Zwetsche 3. Précoce Biondeck 3. Quetsche Précoce de Biondeck 3.

Liegel produced this variety from a seed of Early Yellow and named it after his friend Biondeck, of Baden, near Vienna. Tree large, productive; fruit oval, medium, light red; flesh yellowish, sweet, highly flavored; freestone; early; considered valuable for drying.

Birchland. Americana. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:49. 1900.

A variety from Minnesota reported as unsatisfactory in British Columbia.

Bittern. Domestica. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 289. 1889. 2. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 25. 1894. 3. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:182. 1897.

Biltern 3.

A seedling grown by Francis Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree productive; fruit above medium or large, oval, purple, with a heavy bloom; dots few, inconspicuous; skin thick, acid; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, brisk subacid; good; stone long, of medium size, oval, clinging; early.

Bixby. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 436. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:262. 1892. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:29. 1897.

Found on the homestead of Rev. N. W. Bixby, Clayton County, Iowa, in 1847; introduced by C. H. True, Edgewood, Iowa, in 1880. Tree spreading, vigorous; fruit large, roundish-oval; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex rounded; yellow more or less covered with bright red; dots numerous, small, yellow; skin thick, tender; flesh yellow, sweet but not rich in flavor; good; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Black Arabka. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1887. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890.

Tchernaya Arabskaya 1. Mixed Arab 2. Black Arab 2. Black Prune 2.

One of the foreign varieties tested by the Iowa Agricultural College.

Black Ball. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Black Damask. Domestica. 1. Miller Gard. Dict. 1754. 2. Am. Gard. Cal. 587. 1806. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 374. 1857.

Small Damas 1. Little Black Damask 1. Small Black Damask 2.

Black Damask has been confused by the old writers with the common Damson. This plum is a Domestica with a sweet, pleasantly flavored flesh suitable for dessert purposes and ripens much earlier than the Damson.

Black Damask Hasting. Insititia. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 68. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as having a “sharp and sourish taste.”

Black Hawk. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 4:95. 1889. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:29. 1897. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 37. 1899. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 143. 1901.

A wild variety found in Black Hawk County, Iowa. Tree hardy, vigorous, and productive; fruit large, flattened, more convex on the ventral side; suture distinct; deep red; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, tender, rich; good; stone free, mid-season; listed in the fruit catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1899.

Black Hill. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Cultivated in the Gardens of the London Horticultural Society.

Black Pear. Domestica. 1. Rea Flora 208. 1676. 2. Langley Pomona 96. 1729.

A variety of early European origin now obsolete. Fruit pear-shaped; skin dark red or black; juicy when fully ripe.

Black Perdrigon. Domestica. 1. Abercrombie Gard. Ass’t 13. 1786. 2. Willich Dom. Enc. 4:194. 1803.

Probably a strain of Blue Perdrigon.

Black Prune. Domestica. 1. Ia. Agr. Col. Bul. 51. 1886. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1887. 3. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890. 4. Ia. Sta. Bul. 31:349. 1895.

Arab No. 1 (Budd unpublished). Black Prune No. 1 3. Black Prune No. 1 4. Black Vengerka 2. Tchernaya vengerskaya 1, 2.

Black Prune was imported by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station from Dr. Regel, St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1881-2, under the name “Tchernaya vengerskaya.” It was received at this Station for trial under the name “Arab No. 1.” It is a small prune of fair quality when eaten out of hand, but becomes sour in cooking.

Black Prunella. Domestica. 1. Rea Flora 207. 1676. 2. Ray Hist. Plant. 1529. 1688.

An old European plum. Fruit small, black and very sour; once valued in England for preserves.

Blaisdon. Domestica. 1. Watkins Cat. 1892?

Blaisdon’s Red 1.

Fruit medium in size, red; mid-season.

Blaue Reine Claude. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 423. 1889.

Liegel’s Blaue Reine Claude. Reine-Claude Bleue. Reine-Claude Violette. Schwarze Reine-Claude.

Blaugh. Americana. 1. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 6:46. 1899.

A vigorous variety which originated in the Allegheny Mountains. Fruit above medium in size, light purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, juicy; good; stone clinging; late; promising.

Bleeker Large Red. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 1:306. 1844.

Mrs. Bleeker’s Large Red 1.

Grown by a Mrs. Bleeker of New York from stones received from Germany. Fruit large, bluish-red, melting and rich; mid-season. Downing gave Bleecker’s Scarlet as a synonym of the Lombard, but he could not have had this plum in mind.

Bleue de Perse. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 423. 1889.

Blood Plum. Triflora. 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 54. 1892. 2. Ibid. 96. 1895.

Beni-Smono No. 3 ?1. Blood Plum No. 3 2.

Tree open, straggling, early blooming; fruit small; flesh deep red, juicy, sweet; middle of July.

Blubenthal. Insititia? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 401. 1898.

Blubenthal Damson 1.

According to the preceding reference the largest of the Damsons. Fruit heart-shaped, deep purple; bloom heavy; flesh green, juicy, sprightly; mid-season.

Blue Apricot. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:49. 1900.

Fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture well defined; skin bluish-purple; dots few; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; stone small, roundish, free; early.

Blue Egg. Domestica. 1. Lange Allgem. Garten. 2:421. 1879. 2. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 406. 1881. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889.

Bamberger Eier Pflaume 3. Blaue Eierpflaume 2, 3. Blaue Kaiser Pflaume 3. Dame-Aubert Rouge 3. Eier Pflaume 3. Grosse Blaue Eier Pflaume 3. Violette Kaiser Pflaume 3 incor.

A European variety similar to the German Prune. Tree large; fruit large, obovate to oval; skin reddish-blue; flesh yellow, aromatically sweet; freestone; mid-season.

Blue Eye. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894.

Mentioned as of German origin by J. W. Kerr, who obtained the variety from Charles Luedloff, Carver, Minnesota.

Blue Matchless. Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803.

Bluemont. Angustifolia watsoni. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 126. 1889. 2. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits 222. 1898.

Introduced by E. Gale of Manhattan, Kansas, about 1860. Fruit of medium size, round, flattened, dull red with heavy bloom; flesh yellow, coarse; flavor fair; clingstone; early.

Blue Moldavka. Domestica. 1. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. 1:17, 74. 1894. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 31:347. 1895. 3. Kan. Sta. Bul. 101:119, 120 fig. 1901. 4. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:306. 1903. 5. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:38. 1903.

Moldavka 1, 3. Voronesh Blue 5.

Blue Moldavka was received from Russia by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station about 1882 in a lot of sprouts labeled Moldavka. Tree hardy and productive; fruit large, oblong; suture a line; cavity of medium size; stem short; dark purple; bloom thick; dots numerous, russet; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, dry; flavor not high; quality fair; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

Blue Plum. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 7:404. 1852. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 900. 1869.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture obscure; skin dark blue with light bloom; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, sweet and refreshing; clingstone; early.

Blue Primordian. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 575. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 206. 1676.

An old variety of the same shape as the Red Primordian but smaller and of a violet-blue color; of good taste; ripens early, productive.

Blue Prolific. Domestica. 1. Flor. and Pom. 89. 1876. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 722. 1884. 3. Guide Prat. 156, 356. 1895.

Blue Prolific 3. Fertile Bleue 3. Rivers’ Blue Prolific 2. Rivers No. 4 1.

Tree hardy, productive; fruit below medium in size, oval, slightly narrowed at the stem end; cavity and suture shallow; dark purple, with thin bloom; flesh dull greenish-yellow, juicy; flavor brisk and agreeable; a cooking plum; stone clinging; ripens early.

Blue Prune. Domestica. 1. Hoffy Orch. Comp. 2. 1842.

Hoffy published a colored engraving of this variety, but did not describe it. Fruit long-oval; suture deep; dark blue.

Blue Rock. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 423. 1903.

A seedling from Thomas Rivers, England. Tree upright, productive; fruit of medium size, round; cavity small; suture distinct; dark purple; dots small, gray; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; clingstone; early.

Blue Tweens. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 25:204. 1870. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 52. 1871.

A seedling, raised by G. P. Peffer of Pewaukee, Wisconsin, about 1855. Tree hardy, slow in growth; fruit in pairs, giving rise to the name; flesh yellowish-green, adhering to the stone on one side; flavor sprightly subacid; late.

Blue Violet. Domestica. Mentioned in Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1528. 1688.

Blum. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 3d Ser. 8:280 fig. 1860. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 900. 1869.

A seedling from North Carolina resembling Nelson’s Victory in color and shape. Size above medium, oval, dull orange with numerous small brown dots; flesh yellowish-brown, juicy; good; early.

Bohemian Prune. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, who secured plants from Charles Luedloff, Carver, Minnesota. Tree upright, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval, dark purple; good.

Bomberger. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:12. 1901.

A variety grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Harrison; first fruited in 1897. Tree upright, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish; suture faint; yellow overlaid with red; flesh tender, sweet, rich; good; stone round, smooth, abruptly pointed; mid-season.

Bongoume. Triflora. 1. Normand Cat. 1891.

Sold by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana, as a Japanese plum resembling an apricot.

Bonne Bouche. Domestica. 1. Thompson Gard, Ass’t 4:156. 1901.

Of French origin. Fruit medium, greenish-yellow; flesh golden-yellow, tender, juicy; flavor delicious; mid-season; valuable for dessert.

Bonne de Bry. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:50. 1900. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 480. 1904. 3. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 526 fig. 1904.

Originated in the valley of the Marne near Bry-sur-Marne, France. Tree vigorous; fruit below medium, globular; suture shallow; skin dark purple; heavy bloom; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, tender; good for canning; stone very small; very early.

Bonnemain de la Digue. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 423. 1889.

Found in the reference given above and in Journal de la Societe Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France 562. 1875.

Bonne Rouge. Domestica. Listed in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Bonnet d’Eveque. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 353. 1866. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 900. 1869. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 422. 1889. 4. Guide Prat. 163, 352. 1895.

Bischofsmütze 3. Bonnet d’Eveque 3. Die Bischofsmütze 4.

Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium, obovate, dark purple; flesh rich; freestone; good; late.

Bossland. Hortulana mineri × (Domestica? × Hortulana). 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:263. 1900.

A cross between Miner and a seedling of Quackenboss and Wayland, originating with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, in 1893. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit medium, dark red; flesh coarse, dry; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

Boulouf. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 901. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 688. 1884. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt. 15:291. 1896.

Bouloff 3.

Large, roundish-oval; suture a line; stem short and thick; red covered with thick bloom; dots brownish; flesh yellow, juicy and sweet; good.

Bouncer. Americana. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:29. 1903.

A seedling of Yosemite Purple grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, about 1900. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; uniform deep purplish-red; dots numerous, yellow, distinct; moderate bloom; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet and rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Bower. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 122. 1860. 2. Gard. Mon. 3:314. 1861.

Bower’s Gage 1, 2.

A seedling raised by a Mr. Bower of Philadelphia about 1850. Tree lacking in vigor; fruit oblong, yellow, like Lawrence; probably of Reine Claude parentage; good.

Bowle. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 207. 1676.

Bole 2.

Described by Rea as of “middle size, black, flat on one side and well tasted.”

Brackett. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

One of H. A. Terry’s varieties coming from a seed of Harrison. Tree strong, upright and productive; fruit large, pale yellow overspread with dark red; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone semi-clinging.

Brahy. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 353. 1866. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 901. 1869. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 445. 1889.

Brahy’s Green Gage 1, 2. Brahy’s Green Gage 3. Reine-Claude de Brahy 1, 2, 3. Reine-Claude von Brahy 3.

Supposed to have been raised by M. Brahay Eckenholm, at Herstal, near Liege, Belgium. Fruit very large, round; suture distinct; skin yellowish-green, with fine bloom; flesh rich yellow, tender, juicy, very rich flavor; mid-season; a trifle later than Reine Claude, which it otherwise resembles.

Brainerd. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:36. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 144. 1901.

Brainerd’s Best 2.

A wild variety found in Ramsay County, Minnesota, prior to 1884. Fruit small; poor; worthless.

Brandon Ruby. Nigra. Mentioned in Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:39. 1903.

Brandy Gage. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 371. 1866. 2. Fell Cat. 1893. 3. Guide Prat. 163, 352. 1895. 4. Garden 62:433. 1902.

Impériale de Mann 3. Mann’s Imperial 1, 3. Mann’s Brandy Gage 1, 3.

A variety of European origin resembling a small Golden Drop. Fruit small, yellow, with heavy bloom; flesh melting and sweet; good; early.

Brant of Naples. Domestica. 1. Can. Hort. Soc. An. Rpt. 19:253. 1896.

Mentioned as hardy. This variety may be the same as Beauty of Naples.

Brauman. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 547. 1901.

An unproductive German variety. Fruit medium in size, globular; stem short; suture a line; skin greenish-yellow; flesh green, coarse, dry, sweet, pleasant; stone clinging; early.

Braunauer Damascenenartige Pflaume. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 423. 1889.

Breck. Triflora ×? 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:7. 1898. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 204. 1901.

First offered for sale in 1899 by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas. Fruit oblong or slightly conical, medium in size; stem short; suture lacking; bright red, indistinctly striped; dots many, small, white, inconspicuous; bloom light; flesh red, fibrous; clingstone; much like Wild Goose, but somewhat firmer.

Brevoort Purple. Domestica. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 203. 1835. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 222, 244. 1858. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 901. 1869. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 448. 1889.

Brevoorfs Purple 4. Brevoort’s Purple Bolmar 1. Brevoort’s Purple Washington 1, 3, 4. Brevorts 2. Brevort’s Purple 3. Brevort’s Purple 4. Brevorts’ Purple Bolmar 4. Brevorts Purple Bolmar 3. New York Purple 3, 4. Rote Washington 4. Rouge de Brevoort 4. Washington 4. Washington Purple 3, 4.

A seedling grown by Henry Brevoort of New York from a stone of Washington planted in 1819. Fruit large, oval; suture distinct at the base; skin reddish-purple; flesh yellow, soft, juicy, vinous; clingstone; mid-season; rejected by the American Pomological Society.

Briancon. Domestica? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:105. 1832. 3. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846.

De Briançon 1, 3. Prune de Briancon 3. Prune de Brigantiaca 2, 3.

A variety indigenous to the Alps in southeastern France. Trees grow to the height of eight or ten feet; fruit small, nearly round, smooth, yellow, with reddish tinge; flesh yellow; freestone. The stone contains a bitter kernel, from which is extracted a valuable oil. Prince considered the tree a hybrid between the plum and the apricot.

Brignole. Domestica. 1. Miller Gard. Dict. 3. 1754. 2. Knoop Fructologie 2:55. 1771. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 151. 1831. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:67. 1832. 5. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 295, 383. 1846.

Prune de Brignole 1. Brignole Plum 1. Brignole Jaune 2. Perdrigon de Brignole Gros 3. Perdrigon de Brignole ?4. Brignole Jaune 5. Prune de Brignole 5.

The Brignole plum is named from Brignoles, a town in France where it is used with the White Perdrigon for the famous Brignoles Prunes. Duhamel and several others have confused the two varieties but they seem to be distinct. The Brignole is larger, its skin less tough, flesh more yellow and the season later than White Perdrigon.

Brignole Violette. Domestica. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:55. 1771. 2. Quintinye Com. Gard. 68, 69. 1699. 3. Cal. State Bd. Hort. Rpt. 107. 1891.

Brugnole 2. Brignole 2. Brignole 3.

This seems to be a purple strain of the Brignole which has found its way into California. Fruit oval, medium in size, violet; dots light yellow, yellow spots on the sunny side; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; freestone; best adapted to a warm climate.

Brill. Cerasifera. 1. Gard. Mon. 17:305. 1875. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 13:368. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 230. 1901. 4. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:272. 1904.

This plum is thought to have originated in Mississippi and was introduced by J. T. Whitaker, Tyler, Texas. Tree vigorous, with an upright-spreading habit; fruit small, round; cavity broad, shallow; stem long, slender; suture a line; bright red with yellow dots; bloom thin; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft, juicy; quality fair; stone small, clinging; early; listed in the American Pomological Society catalog of fruits for 1875 but removed in 1883.

Bristol. Domestica. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 212. 1904.

Bristol, as tested in Illinois, is very similar to, if not identical with the Lombard.

Briton Seedling. Domestica. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 92, 1885.

An unproductive seedling of Canadian origin. Fruit of medium size, very dark blue; bloom heavy; flesh greenish, firm, juicy, sweet and pleasant; late.

Brittlewood. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:30. 1897. 2. U. S. D. A. Yearbook 477, 478, Pl. LXII. 1902.

Brittlewood No. 1 2.

Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, grew this variety from seed of Quaker pollinated by Harrison. Tree large, vigorous, spreading; fruit large, nearly round, symmetrical; cavity small, shallow; stem medium; suture shallow; dark red when fully ripe; dots numerous, small; bloom thick; skin thick, tenacious; flesh yellowish, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, rich; good; stone oval, large, clinging; mid-season.

Brittlewood No. 3. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 5. 1898.

From the same source as Brittlewood but from the reciprocal cross. The two varieties are similar in all respects except that Brittlewood No. 3 is about a week earlier.

Britzer Egg. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 548. 1901.

Originated in Germany. Tree productive; fruit below medium size, egg-shaped; stem short; suture wide, shallow; yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; stone large, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Brock. Species? 1. Can. Hort. 18:350. 1895.

General Brock 1.

A seedling grown by J. K. Gordon of Whitby, Ontario. Said to be early and attractive.

Brodie. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:33. 1903.

A seedling tree known in the family of R. Brodie, Montreal, Quebec, for three generations. Fruit below medium, almost round, dark purple; dots obscure; suture a line; flesh greenish-yellow, sweet, rich; good; mid-season.

Brompton. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

An old variety formerly much used as a stock.

Brooklyn. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit large, oblong, dark red over a yellow ground; flesh firm, yellow; good; stone semi-clinging.

Brunner Zwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Undescribed by Mathieu who took the name from Wiener Garten-Zeitung 286. 1884.

Brunswick. Munsoniana. 1. Lovett Cat. 44. 1893. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 294. 1903. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:245, 254, 255. 1905.

According to the Lovett Nursery Company, this plum originated in Missouri and was introduced by them. Fruit above medium, roundish-oval; stem of medium length, slender; bright red on a yellowish ground; flesh yellow, meaty, sweet; good; early.

Brussels. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Bryan. Americana. 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 144. 1901.

W. J. Bryan 1. Colonel Bryan 1.

One of H. A. Terry’s numerous seedlings which fruited first in 1896. Fruit large, oblong, rich, dark red; flesh firm; good.

Buchanan. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Buchner Konigspflaume. Domestica. Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889. Braunauer Königs Pflaume. Braunauer Violetter Perdrigon. Royale de Braunau.

Budd. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

Prof. Budd 1.

Originated with H. A. Terry of Iowa and first fruited in 1897. Tree upright, productive; fruit large, bright red, with numerous white dots; flesh firm; good; mid-season.

Buel. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 272. 1845. 2. Ann. Pom. Belge 8:59, Pl. 1860. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Buel’s Favorite 1. Buel’s Liebling’s Zwetsche 3. Buel’s Favorite 3. Favorite de Buel 3. Prune Buel’s Favorite 2.

Raised about 1840 by Isaac Denniston of Albany and named after the distinguished agriculturist, Judge Buel. Fruit large, ovate, broadest toward the stem; stalk long and thick; pale green, thickly sprinkled with lighter dots and speckled red near the stalk; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy and rich; good; stone nearly free; mid-season.

Buffalo Bill. Species? 1. Letter from F. T. Ramsey.

Selected from the wild plums of Texas.

Buhl-Eltershofen. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Buhl-Eltershofen Zwetsche.

Buhler. Domestica. 1. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 473. 1894.

Buhler’s Early Prune 1.

Fruit of medium size, egg-shaped, beautiful blue; table and market plum; early.

Bulah No. 4. Hortulana mineri. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:263. 1900.

A seedling from a Miner tree pollinated by wild plums, from J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Cedar County, Iowa, in 1894. Fruit medium to large, dark red; late.

Bullman. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 464. 1900.

A vigorous variety from Germany. Fruit above medium, oval; suture deep; sides unequal; yellow with red dots; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; freestone; early.

Bulgaria. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Mathieu refers this variety to Pomologische Monatshetfe 323. 1887.

Bulgarian. Domestica. 1. Cal. Sta. Bd. Hort. 292. 1885-6. 2. Ibid. 107 fig. 1891. 3. Wickson Cal. Fruits 357. 1891. 4. N. Mex. Sta. Bul. 27:126. 1898.

Belgarian Prune 1.

A variety grown chiefly in the vicinity of Haywards, Alameda County, California, for drying. Tree vigorous, bears early and regularly, productive; fruit above medium, roundish-obovate, having a short neck; suture shallow; apex slightly compressed; stem slender, one inch long; cavity narrow and shallow; dark purple; flesh greenish-yellow, sweet and rich with a pleasant flavor; good; stone semi-clinging; season early.

Bullock. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 69. 1699.

Bullock’s Heart 1.

Described as an “extream large plum.”

Bull Plum. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 68. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as a “dry plum.”

Bunker Hill. Domestica. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 196. 1891. 2. Me. Sta. An. Rpt. 12: 64. 1896. 3. Vt. Sta. Bul. 134:41. 1902.

Plattman’s Bunker Hill 1.

Originated at the Yates County Nurseries near Seneca Lake, New York, by J. H. Plattman, from a seed of a plum which grew near a Washington and a Reine Claude. Tree upright, vigorous and productive; fruit medium to large, blue; good; mid-season.

Bunte Fruh Pflaume. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Bunter Perdrigon. Domestica. 1. Lange Allgem. Garten. 2:419. 1879. 2. Lauche Deut. Pom. 18, Pl. 4. 1882. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Der Bunter Perdrigon 2. Perdrigon Bariole 3.

A European variety called Bunter because of its variegated colored fruit. Tree large; fruit medium, violet-blue on the sunny side, red and green on the shaded side; flesh greenish, juicy, sprightly; quality fair; freestone; recommended for table and drying purposes in Germany.

Burbank First. Triflora. 1. Rural N. Y. 65:730. 1906.

Burbank’s First 1.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, red and yellow; early; inferior.

Burbank No. 1. Triflora. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 62:22. 1894.

One of Burbank’s seedlings said to resemble Berckmans.

Burbank No. 7. Triflora × Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 118:52. 1895. 2. Ibid. 169:249. 1899.

Tree vigorous, round-topped, branches upright; fruit roundish-ovate; cavity narrow, deep, suture broad, shallow; greenish-yellow; flesh pale yellow, sweet, juicy, sprightly, highly flavored; stone turgid, roundish-oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Burbank No. 11. Triflora × Domestica? 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 129:32, 34. 1896.

Both tree and fruit give indications of an admixture of Domestica. Tree not productive; fruit large; flavor good.

Burbank × Redick. Triflora × Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 228. 1909.

A hybrid from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, published in the preceding reference under the name of its parents. It resembles the Burbank very closely and is said to be somewhat more hardy than that variety but inferior in quality.

Burchardt Gelbe Fruh Zwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889.

Listed by Mathieu from Wiener Garten-Zeitung 286. 1884.

Burettes. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 374. 1857. 2. Ann. Pom. Belge 5:47, Pl. 1857. 3. Mas Le Verger 6:115. 1866-73.

Burrettes 1. Des Burettes 3. Prune Des Burettes 2.

Originated by M. Gregoire of Burrettes, Belgium, and first reported in 1849. Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit large, irregularly oval; suture faint; dull greenish-yellow with rose-purple on the sunny exposure; flesh green, fine, melting; juice abundant, sweet, agreeably aromatic; good; freestone.

Burford. Triflora × Munsoniana. 1. Munson Cat. 1906-7.

A seedling of Burbank crossed with Clifford from T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree weeping; branches more slender than those of Burbank; fruit large, round, light, bright red; stone small.

Burgundy Prune. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 374. 1857. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889. 3. Wickson Cal. Fruits 357. 1891.

Burgunder Zwetsche 2. Prune de Bourgoyne 1, 2. Burgundy Prune 2. Susina Torla d’ Nova di Borgogna 2 incor.

Fruit medium, egg-shaped with a neck; suture indistinct; reddish-black; dots minute, numerous; flesh juicy, sugary, pleasant; freestone; mid-season.

Burlington Gage. Domestica. 1. Goodrich N. Fr. Cult. 83. 1849. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 902. 1869.

Raised from seed of some unknown “Blue Gage,” brought from Connecticut about 1800, and planted by Mrs. Ozias Buel of Burlington, Vermont. Tree hardy, vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purplish-blue, with abundant bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, rich; freestone; early; formerly considered valuable.

Burnet. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:163. 1843.

Fruit small, roundish, purple; freestone; mid-season; similar to Wine Sour.

Bursoto. Triflora × Americana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 10:106. 1897. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 144. 1901.

A hybrid of Burbank with De Soto, grown and named by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, about 1890. Tree of the Americana type; fruit large, oblique, oval; cavity lacking; stem short, thick; light red and yellow; dots small, white; skin thick; flesh yellow, juicy; good; stone semi-clinging; early.

Byefield. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 272. 1845.

Fruit small, round; suture a line; light yellow, with red spots around the stem; flesh yellow; clingstone; good; early; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1888.

Caddo Chief. Angustifolia varians. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 162. 1881. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:60, 86. 1892. 3. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:479. 1894. 4. N. Mex. Sta. Bul. 27:124. 1898. 5. Waugh Plum Cult. 193. 1901.

Found wild in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, and introduced by G. W. Stones, Shreveport, Louisiana. It is favorably reported from the South but not generally recommended, although the American Pomological Society included it in their catalog of fruits in 1897. Tree low-branching, hardy and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; suture shallow; cavity medium deep; skin thick, tough; bright red; flesh reddish-yellow, firm, sweet and juicy; poor; stone large, round, clinging; season early.

Caldwell Golden Drop. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 902. 1869.

Caldwell’s Golden Drop 1.

Possibly an American strain of the Golden Drop. Fruit large, oval, sides often unequal; suture distinct; yellow marbled with crimson in the sun, with thin bloom; stem slender; cavity small; flesh yellow, juicy, sugary, rich; good; clingstone; early.

Caldwell White Gage. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 903. 1869.

Caldwell’s White Gage 1.

A productive variety of American origin. Fruit of medium size, oval, narrowing slightly at the apex; suture shallow; apex pointed; greenish-yellow, dotted with purple in the sun; bloom thick; stem long; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sugary; good; clingstone; mid-season.

California. Americana, 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 145. 1901.

California Seedling 2. Cal. Seedling 1.

Fruit of medium size, slightly oblate; cavity medium deep, flaring; stem long; suture a line; bright red; dots many, minute; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; good; stone roundish, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Cambell. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 903. 1869.

Cambell’s Seedling 1. McCauley’s Seedling 1.

Fruit large, oval; suture shallow; pale yellow, splashed with green, dotted and marbled with crimson in the sun; bloom light; cavity small; flesh pale yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Campbell. Species? 1. Gard. Mon. 25:49, 83. 1883.

A seedling found growing on a Mr. Campbell’s farm near Abingdon, Virginia. Very late and a long keeper.

Canada Blue. Domestica. 1. Lutts Cat. 1890?

Mentioned as a “small, round, early, blue plum, very productive and excellent for preserving.”

Canada Orleans. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 180. 1881. 2. Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 466. 1883. 3. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:183. 1897.

Canada Egg ?1. Canada Egg 2.

Probably originated in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ontario, where it is chiefly grown. Fruit medium to large, reddish-purple, with heavy bloom; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, sweet, rich; early.

Canadian Apricot. Nigra.

The common wild plum of Canada.

Candelaria. Domestica. 1. Clarke Prune Industry 41. 1893.

Candelaria Prune 1.

About 1881 W. B. Simpson discovered that a supposed Golden Drop tree on the farm of S. A. Clarke, Salem, Oregon, was not true to name. It seemed of value and was named Candelaria from the name of the farm. Fruit large, yellow; flesh solid, subacid; very good; has not been extensively propagated.

Caper. Triflora × Cerasifera? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:221. 1899.

Grown between 1890 and 1895 by J. S. Breece, of North Carolina. Waugh states that the fruit and foliage suggest the species mentioned above. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; dark red; dots many, minute; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, red, sprightly, subacid; fair in quality; stone large, turgid, clinging.

Capitaine Kirchhof. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424, 434. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 161, 353. 1895.

Capitaine Kirckhof 1. Capitaine Kirckkof 2. Hauptmann Kirchhof’s Pflaume 1, 2. Kirchhof’s Pflaume 1, 2. Prune de Kirchhof 1.

Found by M. Oberdieck of Schaferhof on the estate of a Captain Kirchhof near Nienburg (Hanover). Tree productive; fruit of medium size, round, purplish-brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, fine, juicy; sweet, aromatic; good; late.

Captain. Hortulana? 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 11:283. 1898.

Columbia 1. Columbia 2.

Introduced about 1892 by A. M. Ramsey and Son of Austin, Texas, under the name Columbia but changed by Waugh in 1898 to Captain to avoid confusion with an older Columbia. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, spherical, bright golden-yellow; dots many, conspicuous, whitish; suture a line; skin thin, tough; flesh firm, yellow; good; stone small, clinging; late.

Capt. Bacon. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.

A seedling of Weaver grown by H. A. Terry. Tree vigorous; fruit large, red over yellow; flesh yellow, coarse, rich; freestone; a culinary variety.

Capt. Watrous. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry who plucked the first fruit in 1897. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, roundish, yellow overspread with bright red; good.

Caro. Americana mollis. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:29, 38. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf which originated at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, in 1895. Fruit large, roundish; suture distinct; bright red, showing yellow in patches; dots numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom light; skin thick; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; good; mid-season.

Caroline. Americana? 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 412. 1899. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:11. 1905.

A seedling grown by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minnesota. Fruit of medium size, yellowish-red; good; season of Forest Garden; subject to plum-pocket and unproductive.

Carpenter. Species? 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:11. 1905.

A seedling from Vermilion, South Dakota.

Carson. Domestica.

According to a letter from G. B. Brackett of the United States Department of Agriculture, Carson is a strain of Lombard.

Carstesen. Nigra. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:29. 1903.

A seedling grown by H. P. Carstesen, Billings Bridge, Ontario. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture obscure; apex rounded; yellow, nearly covered with deep red; dots obscure; bloomless; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone flat, roundish, nearly free; early.

Carver. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1896-1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 145. 1901.

Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit small, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; red, sometimes mottled; dots many, small; skin tough; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; late; unpromising.

Catalano. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Susino Catalano 1. Prunus Catalanica 1. Catalana-Susina 1. Catelane 1.

This Italian variety is much larger than the Early Yellow, known also as the Catalonia. They may be related, however, for Gallesio says that there are many varieties from Catalonia which are similar in shape and taste. Fruit large, oblong, slightly necked; skin greenish and greasy; pulp green, soft, tender, juicy and pleasant.

Catalana Propria. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Catalana Toscana 1.

A good strain of Catalano grown in Italy.

Catelano Giallo. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Buon-Boccone 1. Buon-Bocconi 1.

This variety is figured under the name Buon-Boccone and described under Catelano Giallo. As early as 1839 it was well known in parts of Italy and was then ranked next to the Reine Claude in quality. Fruit large, oval, dull yellow, tinged with red; pulp yellow, tender, sweet and highly flavored.

Catelano Violaceo. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Catelana Morella? 1. Susina Vecchietti 1. Susino Vecchietti 1.

Gallesio described this plum as a strain of the Catelano and adds that it is grown in abundance at Florence. Tree medium in size; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; violet; pulp yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet and highly flavored.

Catherine. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:50. 1900.

Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit above medium size, egg-shaped; suture a line; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; pleasant; good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

Cel. Cerasifera × (Triflora × Simonii). 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:8. 1898.

Originated and named by Luther Burbank, who states that it is a cross between Myrobalan and Wickson. Fruit of medium size, egg-shaped; cavity rounded; suture indistinct; apex pointed; bright, transparent yellow; flavor resembling the Americanas; good; stone of medium size, clinging.

Centennial. Species? 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 308. 1884.

Originated in 1877 by George U. Oberholtzer, Sioux City, Iowa. Fruit of medium size; skin firm; good; ten days later than Miner.

Centralia. Domestica. 1. Wild Bros. Cat. 1892? 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:50. 1900.

A vigorous variety from J. B. Webster of Centralia, Illinois.

Cerney Perdrigon. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 69. 1699. 2. Langley Pomona 93, 97. 1729.

Cernay Perdrigon 2.

A variety long since obsolete. Fruit roundish, slightly flattened, red; good.

Ceur de Beuf. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 69. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye in 1699 as a violet-red plum. Its relationship to Coeur de Boeuf is unknown.

Chabot Blood. Triflora × Simonii. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 106:49. 1896.

Fruit of medium size, dull red or cinnabar; flesh firm, brick red, very juicy, sweet, aromatic; late.

Champion. Americana. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 392. 1891. 2. Terry Cat. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 145 fig. 1901.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; red over yellow; dots many, conspicuous; skin firm; flesh yellow, firm; flavor not high; quality fair; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging; late.

Chancellor Gage. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 147. 1831.

Fruit of medium size, round, yellow; quality fair; a table plum.

Chapin. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 903. 1869.

Grown by Aaron Chapin, Hartford, Connecticut. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity deep; light reddish-purple; flesh yellow, juicy, vinous; good; semi-clinging; late.

Chariot. Species? 1. Harrison Cat. 1897.

Probably misnamed.

Charity Clark. Munsoniana × Prunus persica. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:77. 1892.

Blackman 1.

For a history of this variety see Blackman.

Charlotte. Domestica. 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 25. 1828. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:59. 1832.

Tomlinson’s Charlotte 1, 2. Charlotte 2.

Prince says this is “a seedling of Yellow Egg raised by Judge Tomlinson.” Tree very vigorous; fruit shaped like its parent, yellow; flesh sweet with an agreeable flavor; early.

Charmer. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large, red, bitter; early.

Chautauqua. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:38. 1903.

A variety grown on the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, Canada.

Chauviere. Domestica. 1. Rev. Hort. 535. 1891.

Reine-Claude Chauviere 1. Belle de Doue 1 incor.

Grown by M. Chauviere, a Frenchman, who had purchased it under the false name of Belle de Doue. Trees variable in productiveness; fruit roundish-oblate; suture shallow; skin changes from marbled greenish-yellow to dark red, dotted and stained with cinnabar-red; flesh yellowish-green, soft, juicy, honey-like, very agreeable; clingstone.

Cheresoto. Prunus besseyi × Americana. Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

Cheresoto originated with N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station as a result of a cross of Prunus besseyi with De Soto. After fruiting for one year it was introduced in 1910. Fruit small, oval; apex pointed; black; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; clingstone.

Cherokee. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:78. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 145. 1901.

Said to have been found wild in Kansas. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong; skin blotched red, thick; clingstone.

Cherry. Nigra. 1. N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 186. 1885. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:264. 1900.

Found wild near Chaseburg, Vernon County, Wisconsin, in 1870 by E. Markle of LaCrosse, Wisconsin; introduced by the discoverer. Tree hardy, productive, an early bearer; fruit resembles that of De Soto except that it is larger and about twenty days earlier in ripening.

Chester. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 547. 1901.

An unimportant seedling from the British Columbia Experiment Station not to be confused with the Chester of Forsyth. Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium in size, obovate; cavity narrow, deep; suture shallow; reddish-pink with numerous golden dots; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly, slightly coarse; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

Chester. Domestica. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 20. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth as very productive; fruit rich; season late.

Chester County Prune. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 903. 1869.

From Chester County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; branches slender; fruit of medium size, oval; suture faint; cavity small; stem long, slender; black with thick bloom; flesh greenish, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

Chestnut. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Fruit purple, oblong; size and quality medium; clingstone; a table plum.

Chicrigland. Species? 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:9. 1898. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:270. 1901.

Grown by T. V. Munson, from seed of a plum grown by F. T. Ramsey, Lampasas County, Texas. Tree vigorous; branches zigzag, drooping; fruit oval, small; cavity of medium depth, rounded; suture faint; dull red over yellow; surface a trifle fuzzy; dots many; bloom heavy; skin thin, tender, not astringent; flesh soft, yellow, mild acid, aromatic; quality fair; stone clinging.

Chinook. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; early.

Chippewa. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 85. 1890. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:37. 1892. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 31:346. 1895.

Chippeway 2.

A dwarf variety from Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, often bearing when only two feet in height. Fruit small, deep red; skin medium thick; flesh firm, sweet; stone free, small, pointed, rough; worthless.

Choptank. Munsoniana. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 133. 1893. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 40. 1899. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 113:154. 1899. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 184. 1901.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland; introduced in 1893; listed in the American Pomological Society catalog of fruits in 1899. Tree vigorous, prolific and hardy; foliage large, ornamental; fruit above medium to large, variable in shape, roundish-oblong to oval; cavity shallow; stem long; suture distinct; skin thin, tough; bright red; dots numerous, light colored; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, rather acid but of good quality; stone medium in size, oval, flattened, clinging; medium early.

Christian. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 209. 1676.

Nutmeg 1, 2.

Shrubby in growth; fruit small, dark red; late; obsolete.

Christie. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:264. 1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 145. 1901.

Taken from the woods by W. Christie, Villisca, Iowa, in 1887. Fruit round, truncate, medium in size; apex flattened; cavity wide; suture lacking; yellow, covered with red; bloom light; skin thick; flesh yellow, melting, flavor sweet, luscious; very good; stone circular, thick, semi-clinging.

Churchill. Domestica. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:611. 1893.

A seedling found by G. W. Churchill on the shores of Lake Cayuga. Fruit large, blue; quality poor; not valuable.

Chypre. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:82. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:37, Tab. 187 fig. 2. 1796. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:96. 1832. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 690. 1884.

Cyprian 3. Die Pflaume aus Cypern 2. De Chypre 3. De Chypre 4. Prune de Chypre 1. Prune de Chypre 2, 3.

Chypre is an old variety of unknown origin. Fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; cavity large; purple; bloom thick; flesh firm, greenish, sweet when fully ripe; quality fair; stone clinging; early.

Cinnamon. Domestica. 1. Ray Hist. Plant. 2. 1688.

An old and unimportant variety now obsolete.

Cistena. Prunus besseyi × Cerasifera. Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

Introduced in 1909 by the originator, N. E. Hansen of South Dakota Experiment Station. It shows the glossy, purple foliage of the Pissardi plum, one of its parents, and may be of some value as an ornamental.

City. Americana. 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 128. 1890. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:32. 1897. 3. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt. 144. 1901. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 146. 1901.

This variety came from the seed of a wild plum growing one-half mile from Springfield, Minnesota; introduced by H. Knudson in 1890. Tree upright when young but with a weeping tendency when older, vigorous, hardy and productive; fruit large, nearly round; cavity of medium width, deep; suture a distinct line; dark dull red over yellow; dots numerous, small, yellow, distinct; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough, slightly astringent; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, semi-clinging; medium to late.

Clara. Munsoniana. 1. Am. Gard. 14:51. 1893. 2. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:482. 1894.

A large and attractive seedling of Wild Goose grown and introduced by G. Onderdonk, Texas.

Clarendon. Angustifolia watsoni. 1. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits 223. 1898.

One of several seedlings secured from northern Texas by F. T. Ramsey.

Clark. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:48. 1892. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 294. 1903.

A wild seedling found in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Tree moderately vigorous, not hardy in the North; fruit of medium size, roundish, bright red; dots numerous; stem short; cavity broad, deep; skin tough; flesh yellow, firm; inferior.

Cleavinger. Domestica. 1. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 274. 1854. 2. Hoffy N. Am. Pom. 1860.

Originated about 1845 with a Mr. Fernsler of Philadelphia from the stone of an unnamed seedling; introduced by Wm. S. Cleavinger of West Philadelphia. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; dark purple; stem short, thick, surrounded by a fleshy ring; flesh deep yellow, coarse, juicy, vinous, slightly subacid; good; mid-season.

Cleveland. Munsoniana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:49. 1897. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:50. 1900. 3. Terry Cat. 1900.

Mrs. Cleveland 1, 3.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, in 1883. Tree vigorous, spreading and productive; fruit large, oblong, slightly pointed at the ends, light mottled red; good; clingstone; very early.

Clifford. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:80. 1892. 2. Kerr Cat. 1894. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 184. 1901.

Mrs. Clifford 1, 3. Mrs. Clifford 2.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by Mrs. Clifford of Denison, Texas, and introduced by T. V. Munson and Son of the same place. Tree hardy, vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit large, pear-shaped, sometimes with a very distinct neck; suture shallow; bright scarlet with very small yellow dots; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, aromatic; good; clingstone; a little later than Wild Goose.

Climax’s Brother. Triflora × Simonii. 1. Rural N. Y. 59:655. 1900.

One of Burbank’s numerous crosses, having the same parents as Climax. The tree is an upright grower like Simon and the fruit resembles this parent in form and size; not as highly colored as Climax; unknown as yet by plum-growers.

Clinton. Hortulana mineri. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 162. 1881. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:55, 86. 1892. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 26. 1897. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 172. 1901.

Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; dull red; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; late. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society’s Catalog from 1897 to 1899.

Cluck. Angustifolia varians. 1. Kerr Cat. 1895. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 38. 1899. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 194. 1901. 4. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:273. 1904.

Originated with George Cluck, Austin, Texas; introduced in 1896 by F. T. Ramsey. Tree vigorous, productive; blooms very late; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; bright red with many small, yellow dots; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

Cluster. Domestica. Mentioned in Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1528. 1688.

Cochet. Domestica. 1. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 471. 1894. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:50. 1900.

Cochets Pflaume 1. Cochet Père 1.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, oval, yellow with reddish dots; suture medium; flesh yellowish, rich, sweet, pleasant; early.

Coeur de Boeuf. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Div. of Pom. Bul. 10:19. 1901.

Beef’s Heart 1. Prunier de Carcassone.

Coeur de Boeuf originated in 1879 at Carcassonne, France, as a seedling of a variety introduced from the province of Lerida, Spain, in 1854. The following description was made from a tree under test on the grounds of this Station: Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium in size and depth; stem slender; suture medium; dark brownish-red, covered with minute russet dots; bloom heavy; skin medium thick; flesh yellowish, meaty, juicy, sweet, rich; good to very good; stone small, oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Coe Violet. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 905. 1869. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 341. 1887. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 425. 1889.

Coe à Fruit Violet 3. Coe’s Golden Drop Violette 1, 3. Coe’s Violet 1, 3. Coe’s Violette 2. Coe Violette 3. Goutte d’Or Violette 3.

A variation from Golden Drop. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; cavity small; stem long, thick; light reddish; dots brown, numerous; flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy; good; clingstone.

Coferer. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 578. 1629.

Coferers 1.

Parkinson describes this plum as, “Flat like a Peare Plum, early ripe and black, of a very good relish.”

Coinage. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

Said by its originator, H. A. Terry, to be a seedling of Gold Coin. Fruit large, slightly oblong, pale yellow ground, nearly covered with dark red; flesh firm; clingstone.

Coletta. Angustifolia varians. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:60, 86. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 194. 1901. 3. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:273. 1904.

This plum was grown by G. Onderdonk of Texas; introduced in 1874. Tree slow in growth, hardy, somewhat open and thorny; leaves small, foliage sparse; fruit medium in size, round, bright red; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; poor; clingstone; very early.

Coleus. Triflora × Cerasifera? 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:10. 1898.

Originated with J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Tree ornamental, vigorous; leaves large, reddish, conspicuously veined; fruit small, globular; suture faint; dull deep red; dots faint; skin thick and tough; flesh medium firm, red; flavor flat; quality very poor; stone small, flattened, clinging.

Colman. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:264. 1900. 2. Terry Cat. 1900.

Collman 1.

H. A. Terry first fruited this variety in 1895. Tree upright, healthy, fairly productive; fruit large, round, brilliant red; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Colorado Queen. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 146. 1901. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:254, 255. 1905.

Colorado 2.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity lacking; suture a line; dull red with a light bloom; flesh light yellow; quality fair; stone of medium size; clinging; early.

Combination. Triflora ×? 1. Burbank Cat. 1901.

Grown by Luther Burbank. Tree uniform in growth; fruit large, roundish; cavity deep; suture distinct; stem short; light crimson; flesh straw color, sweet with slight pineapple flavor; early.

Comfort. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894, 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:265. 1900. 3. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:29. 1903.

Introduced by J. Wragg & Sons, Waukon, Iowa, in 1879. Fruit small, roundish; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex rounded; red; dots numerous; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh dark yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season; mentioned in the Catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1899.

Communia. Domestica. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 87. 1890. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:265. 1900. 3. Kan. Sta. Bul. 101:117, 118, Pl. III fig. 119. 1901. 4. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 309. 1903.

Introduced from Denmark by a German colony located at Communia, Clayton County, Iowa. It resembles the Lombard so closely that they are often confused. The tree is said to be hardier and a slower grower than the Lombard, and its fruit of deeper blue and of higher quality. Subject to rot.

Compass. Prunus besseyi × Hortulana mineri. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:10. 1898. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 294. 1903. 3. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:13. 1905.

Compass Cherry 1.

A hybrid widely known in the West which originated in 1891 under cultivation with H. Knudson of Springfield, Minnesota from a seed of Prunus besseyi pollinated by Miner; introduced by C. W. Sampson, Eureka, Minnesota, in 1897. Tree vigorous, branches slender; fruit small, roundish-oval, slightly flattened; cavity distinct; suture a line; brownish-red, with light bloom; skin tough; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, tender, acid; quality fair; clingstone.

Comptine. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 146. 1901.

Originated at Knoxville, Iowa. Tree low, spreading; fruit very small, round, light red; dots many, minute; flesh yellow; very poor; stone small, oval, clinging. One authority states that the color is yellow.

Comte Gustave d’Egger. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 905. 1869. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 432. 1889.

Comte Gustave d’Egger 2. Egger’sche Eier Zwetsche 2. Graf Gustav von Egger 2.

An Austrian variety grown by M. Liegel of Braunau from seed of Abricotée. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit small, oblong-oval; suture broad, deep, distinct; skin pale yellow, bronzed in the sun and tinged with violet; flesh yellowish, fine, sweet, juicy, delicious; freestone.

Consul. Americana mollis. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:30. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fruit roundish, large; cavity narrow, medium in depth; suture a line; deep red; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom light; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; late.

Cooch. Domestica. 1. Can. Hort. 21:406. 1898.

A seedling grown by a Mr. Cooch of Ottawa, Canada, in 1889. Fruit large; halves unequal; suture distinct; cavity shallow; dark red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, soft, sweet; good; late.

Cook. Cerasifera. 1. Kerr Cat. 1900.

Cook’s Early 1.

Fruit medium, roundish to oblong, red; clingstone; early.

Cook Choice. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:78. 1892. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 276. 1893. 3. Mich. Sta. Bul. 129:34. 1896.

Cook 3. Cook’s Choice 1. Cook’s Favorite 3. The Cook’s Choice 2.

This is an accidental seedling grown by H. A. Terry of Iowa in 1885. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, round, red; skin thin; flesh yellow; good; stone clinging; mid-season; a good culinary variety.

Cooper. Hortulana mineri × Munsoniana. 1. Kerr Cat. 10. 1900.

A cross between Forest Garden and Pottawattamie. It is reported by J. W. Kerr as being “a large, slightly oblong, red, clingstone variety, ripening mid-season.”

Cooper. Domestica. 1. McMahon Am. Gard. Cal. 587. 1806. 2. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 236. 1817. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:97. 1832. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 291. 1845. 5. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 288, 302, 383. 1846. 6. Mag. Hort. 14:152. 1848. 7. Elliott Fr. Book 417. 1854. 8. Hogg Fruit Man. 691. 1884. 9. Guide Prat. 160, 357. 1895.

Cooper’s 6. Cooper’s Grosse Pflaume 9. Cooper’s Grosse Rothe Zwetsche 9. Cooper’s Large 1, 4, 5, 8. Cooper’s Large 3, 6, 9. Cooper’s Large American 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. Cooper’s Large Red 3. Cooper’s Large Red 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Cooper’s Large Red American 9. Coopers Plum 2. Cooper’s Plum 3, 5. Cooper’s Red 7. Grosse De Cooper 9. Grosse rouge de Cooper 9. La Delicieuse 5. La Delicieuse ?4, 8, 9. Lady Lucy 8. Red Magnum Bonum 6 incor. Smith’s Orleans 6. Violet Perdrigon 6 incor.

Cooper is said to have originated at the beginning of the Nineteenth Century from a seed of Orleans planted by Joseph Cooper of Gloucester County, New Jersey. The variety was imported into England about 1820 and became known in Europe under the name La Delicieuse which was corrupted into Lady Lucy. This variety is so similar to the Smith Orleans that it is impossible to separate them. They may be identical, or they may have come true to seed from the same parent.

Cope. Domestica. 1. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 274. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 906. 1869.

Cope’s Seedling 1.

A seedling raised by John Cope of Southwark, Philadelphia, some time prior to 1850. Fruit large, long-oval, dark purple; stem long, slender; flesh dry, somewhat acid; good for cooking; freestone.

Cornemuse. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 145. 1831.

Fruit medium in size, purple, obovate; quality fair; freestone.

Corymbus. Species? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:222, 1899. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 207. 1901.

The Beauty 1.

A variety first called “The Beauty” by the originator, A. L. Bruce of Texas, who gives the parentage as Smelt Cherry × Abundance. Fruit small, heart-shaped; cavity shallow; suture shallow; apex pointed; dark wine-red; skin strong; flesh soft, yellow, rich, sweet; good; stone small, round, smooth, clinging.

Cottrell. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:37. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 37. 1899. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 146. 1901. 4. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:30. 1903.

Cottrell was raised as a seedling by R. T. Cottrell, Dover, Olmstead County, Minnesota, and was introduced by O. M. Lord of the same state in 1888. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; cavity narrow; apex rounded; skin thin, not adherent; mottled red over yellow; bloom medium; dots numerous, small; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone flattened, strongly and sharply margined, clinging; mid-season.

Couler. Americana? 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 235. 1882.

A variety from William Couler, Chickasaw County, Iowa; “a large plum of fair quality, but cracking badly before ripening; season just before Miner.”

Coulommiers. Domestica. 1. Rev. Hort. 91. 1861. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 426. 1889.

Coulommiers Pflaume 2. Prune de Coulommiers 2.

Mentioned without a description.

Coulon Reine Claude. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 426. 1889.

Coulon’s Reine Claude 1. Reine Claude Coulon 1.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture distinct; yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, firm, sweet; good; early.

Coul Orleans. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 150. 1831.

Court Royal. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 145. 1831.

Cowperthwait Green Gage. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 148. 1831.

Cox. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 906. 1869.

Cox’s Seedling 1.

A seedling from a Mrs. Cox, York, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous and upright; fruit very large, roundish-oval, slightly compressed; suture broad, shallow; yellow, sometimes splashed with green; cavity narrow, deep; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; early.

Crable. Americana? 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 232. 1901.

A variety from Iowa. Fruit medium in size; obovate; cavity shallow; stem long, slender; suture a line; apex pointed; orange with crimson blush; dots many, minute, white; skin tough; flesh yellow; good; stone large, elliptical, slightly winged, clinging.

Craig. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

Prof. Craig 1.

A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, bright yellow tinged with red; flesh yellow, rich; quality good; semi-clinging.

Crescent. Hortulana mineri. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 287. 1887. 2. Terry Cat. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 172. 1901.

Crescent City 1.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Miner about 1880; first fruited in 1885. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; dull red; dots many; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.

Crimson. Nigra. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:266, 1900.

Introduced by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit above medium, light red; skin thin; good; stone long, large, flattish; very early.

Crimson Beauty. Hortulana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 11:283. 1898.

Fruit of medium size, oblong, cherry red; clingstone; earlier and more vigorous than Golden Beauty.

Crimson Drop. Domestica. 1. Am. Gard. 22:765. 1901. 2. Rural N. Y. 61:354. 1902.

Brown’s Crimson Drop 1, 2.

This variety is said to be a sport from Golden Drop, which it resembles closely except in color, which is a deep rich red.

Croft Early. Domestica. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 425. 1854.

Croft’s Early 1.

Fruit small, reddish-blue; flesh yellow, dry; poor. Reported by Elliott as unworthy of further culture.

Cruger Scarlet. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 1:365. 1835. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 293. 1845. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 417. 1855. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 426. 1889.

Cruger’s 2, 3. Cruger’s Früh Pflaume 4. Cruger’s Plum 4. Cruger’s Rote Pflaume 4. Cruger’s Scarlet 2, 3. Cruger’s Scarlet 4. Cruger’s Scarlet Gage 2, 3, 4. Cruger’s Seedling 2, 3. Cruger’s Seedling 1, 4. Kruger’s Seedling.

Raised by Henry Cruger, West Point, New York, from a seed of Washington. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, compressed; suture obscure; red in the sun, lilac on the shaded side; bloom light; dots numerous, yellow; cavity shallow; stem short, stout; flesh deep orange, dry, mild, agreeable; good; nearly free; mid-season. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society Catalog from 1875 to 1897.

Csaszar Sziloa. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 152:209. 1898. 2. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 30:18. 1905.

Imported from Hungary. Fruit large, roundish-ovate, compressed, dark purple; flesh tender, juicy, greenish-yellow, mild, vinous; quality fair; clingstone.

Culberson. Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:223. 1899. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 208. 1901.

Mammoth July 1, 2.

A cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty grown by A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas, and called Mammoth July, but renamed by Waugh in 1899. Fruit above medium, spherical or slightly pointed, dark red; dots numerous, yellow; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; very good; stone small, round, flattened, clinging.

Cumberland. Hortulana. 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 50. 1885. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:48, 86, 1892. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 26. 1897. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 178. 1901.

Cumberland originated with Philip Schley, who in 1864 collected pits from trees growing on the Cumberland Mountains in Tennessee and from them grew this plum. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, oblong, bright yellow; dots conspicuous; skin thick; flesh firm, meaty; good; clingstone; season late; this variety is similar to Golden Beauty.

Curlew. Domestica. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:183. 1897. 2. Rivers Cat. 35. 1898.

Originated by Thomas Rivers at Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree very productive, not hardy in this vicinity; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, purple; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; firm; early.

Curry. Munsoniana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:266. 1900. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 295. 1903.

A seedling grown by S. L. Curry, Welden, Iowa. Fruit large, oval, compressed; cavity deep; dark purplish-red; surface rough, dull; dots small, gray; bloom heavy; skin thick, not astringent; flesh yellow, firm, slightly astringent; good; stone large, flat, winged; early.

Cyca Mono. Triflora. 1. Va. Sta. Bul. 129:112. 1901.

Imported by the United States Department of Agriculture.

Cyclone. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899. 2. Terry Cat. 1900.

Grown from seed of Harrison by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading, fairly productive; fruit large, dark red; good; mid-season.

Cydemarine. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 145. 1831.

Daisy. Munsoniana × Triflora. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:223. 1899. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 208. 1901.

A variety grown by J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Fruit large, heart-shaped; suture indistinct; bright red, with many minute yellow dots; flesh firm, yellow, sprightly; good.

Dahlgreen. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:35. 1897. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 147. 1901.

A variety introduced by Chas. Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, oblong, mottled red; mid-season.

Dakota. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1900.

Fruit medium in size, round, mottled with dull purplish-red; clingstone; fruit cracks and is much injured by rot.

Dalrymple. Insititia. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 695. 1884. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 426. 1889. 3. Am. Gard. 14:146, 148 fig. 1892.

Dalrymple Damson 2.

Dalrymple closely resembles the Shropshire Damson but is hardier and the tree is smaller.

Damas Ambre. Domestica? Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 145. 1831.

Damaschino Estivo. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Damaschino d’Estate 1. Zuccherino 1.

According to Gallesio this is a strain of the Damaschino Settembrino and is common in parts of Italy. Flowers small and white, unfolding in clusters; fruit obovate like the Settembrino, but slightly larger and its skin, which is yellow, is more easily removed.

Damaschino Settembrino. Domestica. 1. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Susino Damaschino Settembrino 1.

An old Italian variety. Of the two plums which bear the name Damaschino this is the smaller and the more savory. Fruit small, obovate, golden-yellow; pulp fleshy and sugary.

Damas de Diffenbach. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:165. 1873. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 427. 1889.

Damas de Dieffenbach 2. Damas Noir de Dieffenbach 2. Dieffenbachs Damascene 2. Dieffenbachs Schwarze Damascene 2. Diffenbachs Damascene 1.

Liegel obtained this variety from a seed of the Saint Jean and dedicated it to Diffenbach, head gardener of the Botanical Garden in Vienna, Austria. Tree of medium vigor, small; fruit small, roundish-ovate; halves often unequal; suture shallow; purplish-black with a thick bloom; stem short; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet and slightly aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

Damas de Provence. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:86. 1832. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 258. 1832. 3. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1:1846. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 357. 1866. 5. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 939. 1869. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 443. 1889.

Damas de Provence 5, 6. Damas de Provence hâtif 1, 4, 5, 6. Damask of Provence 2. Early Damask of Provence 1, 5, 6. Provence Damask 1, 6. Provence Damask 5. Provencer Königspflaume 6. Prune Damas de Provence 3. Prunus provincialis 3.

Damas de Provence is an old European variety; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish, sweet; quality poor; freestone; very early.

Damas d’Ete. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:113. 1873. 2. Guide Prat. 353. 1895.

Summer Damson 1, 2.

Mas thought this variety was of English or American origin but there seems to be no reason for this conclusion. Tree small, very productive; fruit small, oval, purplish-black; flesh greenish, fine, juicy, sweet, highly flavored; clingstone; early.

Damas Dronet. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:75. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:40, Tab. 191 fig. 2. 1796. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:86. 1832. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 910. 1869. 5. Hogg Fruit Man. 693. 1884.

Damas Dronet 2, 4. Damson Dronet 1. Die kleine langlichte Damaskuspflaume 1. Dronet Damask 3.

Damas Dronet is an old French variety. Fruit small, oval; suture a line; stem slender; cavity narrow, deep; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; skin not adherent; flesh greenish, firm, sweet; good; stone small, free; mid-season.

Damas Dronet de Merlet. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:75. 1768.

Duhamel states that this is distinct from the Damas Dronet described by him on the same page.

Damas Jaune Musque. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:57. 1873.

Muskirte Gelbe Damascene 1.

A foreign variety first mentioned by Christ, a German writer. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, usually ovoid; suture shallow or a mere line; skin tender, not adherent, yellow, with a thin bloom; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, firm, juicy, sweet, of musky flavor; freestone; very early.

Damas Noir de Tours. Domestica. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803.