Chapter IV · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF PLUMS (continued 5)

Saint Pierre. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 449. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 156, 366. 1895.

Fruit resembles Mirabelle, though it is larger; yellow marbled with red; flesh yellow; good; stone nearly free; very early.

St. Remo. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 153. 1831.

Cultivated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of London.

Sandalls. Domestica. 1. Jour. Hort. N. S. 15:247. 1868. 2. Gard. Chron. 30:1311, 1347. 1870.

Sandall’s Plum 2.

Originated about 1800 with a Mr. Sandall at Crab Tree, Fulton, England. Tree vigorous and attains great size; fruit of medium size, round, dark purple; flesh firm, reddish-yellow, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone; very late.

Sanders. Angustifolia varians? 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 200. 1901.

Honey Grove 1.

Introduced by J. S. Kerr, Sherman, Texas, in 1898. Fruit small, purplish-red; quality fair; very early.

Sanderson. Americana. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 300. 1903.

Originated in Minnesota. Fruit large, roundish-oval, light red over a yellow ground; skin slightly astringent; good; semi-clinging.

Sandle. Domestica. Mentioned in Watkins Cat. 1892?

Sandoz. Species? 1. Crete Cat. 1906.

Introduced by E. F. Stephens of the Crete Nursery, Crete, Nebraska. Tree hardy; productive; fruit red; early.

Sand Plum. Angustifolia watsoni. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 889. 1869. 2. Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 173. 1895. 3. Kansas “The Plum” 20, 45. 1900.

Sand Plum is the common name for Prunus angustifolia watsoni.

Sannois. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Div. Pom. Bul. 10:20. 1901.

Sannois Quetsche 1.

Originated in Sannois, France. A rather unattractive plum in appearance, but with a fine flavor and high quality. As grown at this Station the tree is small, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit above medium to large, roundish-oblate, slightly compressed; suture shallow; stem medium in thickness and length; cavity wide, deep; apex flattened; dull, reddish-purple with darker shades in the sun; bloom moderate; dots numerous, brownish; skin thick, tough; flesh dark coppery-yellow, juicy, rather coarse, very fibrous, tough, firm, sweet; very good; stone medium, irregular-oval, turgid, rough, clinging; very late.

Sansoto. Prunus besseyi × Americana. 1. Cir. S. Dak. Sta. 1910.

Sansoto originated in 1907 as a cross between De Soto and Prunus besseyi made by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; introduced in 1910. Tree productive; fruit small, round, black; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; clingstone.

Santa Rosa. Triflora. 1. Fancher Creek Nur. Cat. 1907. 2. Ibid. 1909.

Originated by Burbank; introduced by the Fancher Creek Nursery Company in 1907. Fruit very large, round, suture distinct; cavity medium deep; dark purplish crimson with thin bloom; flesh reddish near the skin shading to amber near the center; good; clingstone; keeps and ships well.

Sapa. Prunus besseyi × Triflora. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108. 1908.

Grown by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station from a cross of Sultan and a selected seedling of the Prunus besseyi; fruited in 1907. Fruit small, round, glossy, dark purple; flesh dark red.

Saratoga. Domestica. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 103. 1889. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 25. 1897. 3. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:243, 247. 1899. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 121. 1901. 5. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

Introduced by Green’s Nursery Company in 1889. Found in a garden at Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1897. The American Pomological Society placed it on its fruit catalog list. As tested at this Station it is identical to the Lombard in fruit-characters but differs in foliage. It is safe to assume that it is a seedling of the Lombard.

Saskatchewan. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

Taken from the wild by Thomas Stonewall, Manitoba; tested at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory. Fruit of medium size, red; good; early.

Satin. Hortulana × Triflora. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:228. 1899.

Grown by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, supposedly from a cross between Moreman and some Japanese variety. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; red with numerous large, yellow dots; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, yellow; good; clingstone.

Satsugon. Triflora. 1. Rural N. Y. 64:677. 1905.

Originated in 1900 with Levi Bell, Sparkill, New York, from a cross between Ogon and Satsuma. Fruit large, roundish; cavity deep; dark red; flesh red, firm, meaty; freestone; quality good; mid-season. The originator states that this variety will keep in an ordinary cellar for two months after picking.

Satsuland. Triflora × Domestica? 1. Rural N. Y. 64:677. 1905.

A cross between Satsuma and Richland grown by Levi Bell, Sparkill, New York, about 1900. Fruit below medium size, oval, cavity lacking; stem long; purplish-red; clingstone.

Sauvageon. Domestica. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 94. 1885.

Corse’s Sauvageon 1.

Raised from seed by Henry Corse of Montreal, Canada. Tree strong, vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit dark blue; flesh reddish tinged, firm, sweet and pleasant; late.

Sayer Favorite. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 94. 1877.

In 1877 J. E. Johnson in a report to the American Pomological Society mentioned this as a very fine seedling variety growing in Utah.

Scaldatone. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 153. 1831.

Scanarda. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 449. 1889.

Die Scanarda. Scanarda.

Scaudatella. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 153. 1831. 2. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: Pl. 1839.

Scaldatello 1. Susino Scaudatella 2.

An old variety well known in Italy. Fruit medium, obovate, yellow; flesh yellow, meaty, juicy and sweet.

Schamal. Domestica. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 7:31, Pl. 1859. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 897. 1869. 3. Le Bon Jard. LII. 1884. 4. Guide Prat. 161, 354. 1895.

Automne de Schamali 2. Damascena Schamali 1, 2, 4. D’Automne de Schamal 2. Prune d’Automne de Schamal 1, 3, 4. Prune d’Automne de Schamali 2. Schamal 4. Schamals Herbstpflaume 4.

Obtained by M. Schamal, nurseryman and pomologist at Jungbunzlau, Bohemia; first noted by Liegel in 1844. Tree vigorous, productive; young branches smooth, brownish-red; fruit large, pear-shaped; suture deep; halves unequal; stem slender, smooth; purplish-red; flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, sweet, vinous; stone oval, free; mid-season.

Schenectady. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 446. 1847. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 342. 1849. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 414. 1854. 4. Cultivator 6:52, 269. 1858. 5. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 947. 1869. 6. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 402. 1881.

Catharinenpflaume von Schenectady 6. Schenectady Catharine 4. Schenectady Catherine Plum 1, 2, 5. Schenectady Catherine 3.

Originated at Schenectady, New York, about 1800; introduced by Dr. Herman Wendell. It was described in the American Pomological Society’s catalog for twenty-two years. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, roundish-oval; suture shallow; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; freestone; mid-season; said to reproduce itself from seed.

Schieblers Eier Pflaume. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 449. 1889.

Schiebler Luisante. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 409. 1881.

A seedling of the Red Egg plum, similar, but not an improvement.

Schlachter Früh Zwetsche. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 449. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 366. 1895.

A variety resembling German Prune.

Schley. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:65, 87. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 188. 1901.

Schley’s Large Red 1, 2.

Originated near Augusta, Georgia; introduced by J. W. K. Nelson of that state. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture slight; cavity of medium depth; bright red with numerous dots; skin tough; flesh yellow; poor; clingstone; mid-season.

Schmidt Rote Zwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 449. 1889.

Quetsche Rouge de Schmidt 1.

Mathieu found it referred to in Wiener Garten-Zeitung 289. 1884.

Schoenthal. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894-1900.

Fruit of medium size, globular, dull red; stone semi-clinging.

Schöne von Riom. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 445. 1881.

Mentioned as an unproductive variety on dry soils.

Schuyler Gage. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 147. 1831. 2. Cultivator 1:306. 1844. 3. Ibid. 3:19. 1855. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 947. 1869. 5. Mas Le Verger 6:103. 1866-73.

Reine-Claude de Schuyler 5. Schuyler Gage 5.

A seedling of Reine Claude grown at Albany, New York, by General Schuyler of revolutionary fame, who refused to disseminate it. His successor in the ownership of the tree, John Bryan, also guarded the variety jealously, so that it was not until about 1847 when E. C. McIntosh came into possession of the estate that the variety was introduced. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; yellow splashed with green and dotted with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; freestone; late.

Scioto. Insititia. 1. U. S. D. A. Yearbook 502. 1905.

Mussel 1. Chickasaw 1.

Cultivated for nearly eighty years in the noted Damson district at Chillicothe, Ohio. It was brought there in 1831 by Miss Palace Hill from the nursery of her brother, Joseph C. Hill, Petersburg, Virginia, who in turn had found it on the farm of Thomas Hill near Bollings Bridge, North Carolina. The variety is of the Damson type and the seed of it was probably brought from Europe by the early colonists. Fruit small, oval, necked; suture slight; cavity lacking; dark blue; bloom heavy; good.

Scribner. Triflora × Munsoniana. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 46, Col. Pl. 1895. 2. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:19. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 225. 1901.

From J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, supposedly from a cross of Abundance pollinated by Wild Goose. Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture faint; cavity large; stem short, stout; dark red with many small dots; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; quality very poor; clingstone.

Sea-Egg. Triflora. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 106:62. 1906.

Bailey mentions this variety as coming from Burbank and describes it as; “globular heart shaped in outline and mottled red; flesh very thick and meaty; orange-yellow, sweet and excellent, with a slight muskiness, cling.”

Semiana. Domestica. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 344, 346. 1849. 3. Cole Am. Fr. Book 217. 1849. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 947. 1869.

Blue Impératrice 2, 3, 4. Semiana of Boston 4. Semina 1. Simiana 2.

At one time grown extensively around Boston; often confused with Blue Impératrice and the Semiana or Suisse of Europe. It is, however, much inferior to either of the above. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit of medium size, oval, necked; cavity very small; deep purple; flesh greenish, juicy, subacid, not rich; clingstone; very late.

Seper. Nigra? 1. Kerr Cat. 1897-1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 171. 1901.

Seper’s Peach 2. Seper’s Peach 1.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark red; quality poor; clingstone.

September. Americana 1. Meneray Cat.

One of H. A. Terry’s numerous varieties; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, round, bright red; fair quality.

September Damask. Insititia. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:77. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:45, Tab. 200 fig. 1. 1796. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:84. 1832. 4. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846. 5. Hogg Fruit Man. 357. 1866. 6. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 947. 1869. 7. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:1. 1873. 8. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Damas de Septembre 1, 2, 5, 7. Damas de Septembre 3, 6, 8. Die späte oder September Damaskpflaume 2. Michaelis Pflaume 8. Münchenpflaume 8. Prune Damas de Septembre 4. Prune de Vacance 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Prunier des Vacances 3, 6, 8. Sankt-Michel’s Pflaume 8. September Damascene 8. September Damask 3. September Damask 7, 8. September Damson 1. Vakanzpflaume 8.

An old variety probably of French origin. Tree of medium vigor, productive; shoots downy; fruit small, roundish to slightly elongated; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin tender, purplish-black, covered with a thick bloom; flesh greenish, fine, melting, sweet, agreeable when well ripened; freestone; late.

Shaker. Americana? 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 80. 1880.

Grown in Iowa from seed brought from Ohio. Fruit red, coloring a month before maturity; ripening period very long.

Shaw. Species? 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 103. 1889.

Mentioned by Bailey in the Annals of Horticulture as introduced by Lovett in 1889; not listed in Lovett’s catalogs.

Shedd Cluster. Munsoniana? Letter from F. T. Ramsey.

A prolific variety resembling Robinson selected from the wild on the line between Lampasas and Coryelle counties, Texas, by a Mr. Shedd.

Sheldon. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 948. 1869.

Originated on the farm of Wareham Sheldon, Huron, Wayne County, New York. Tree vigorous and prolific; fruit large, oval; suture a line; cavity small; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic; good; freestone; mid-season.

Shepherd Bullace. Insititia. 1. Watkins Nur. Cat. 48. 1892? 2. Thompson Gard. Ass’t 4:160. 1901.

Shepherd’s White 2.

A large Bullace mentioned without description in the preceding references.

Shepway Bulleis. Insititia. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629.

Parkinson mentions under this name a large “dark bluish-brown” plum of the Bullace type inferior to the common variety.

Shilling. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

A variety introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1894. Fruit of medium size, oblong-oval, pointed at the apex; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem short, stout; dull red; bloom light; flesh yellow; quality poor; clingstone; mid-season.

Shipper. Triflora. 1. Burbank Cat. 18. 1893. 2. Childs Cat. 62. 1896.

A seedling of Satsuma grown by Burbank; introduced in 1896 by John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, New York. Fruit oval, light red; flesh very firm, juicy, sweet; keeps and ships well; mid-season.

Shirata Bene. Triflora. 1. Lovett Cat. 1892. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

Introduced as a crimson plum but described at the Ohio Experiment Station as yellow.

Shviata Bene. Triflora. 1. Gard. Mon. 367. 1887.

Uwase 1. Blood Plum 1.

H. H. Berger states that the above name and synonyms were applied to a red-fleshed variety indigenous to Japan. Probably a class name.

Siamese. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 284. 1845.

Fruit in pairs firmly attached on one side and hanging from a single stem. The original tree grew in the garden of Wm. Roe, Newburgh, New York. Fruit of medium size, obovate; cavity small; skin pale yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Sidone. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 450. 1889.

Siebenburger Pflaume. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 450. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 366. 1895.

“A variety of little merit.”

Sierra. Subcordata. 1. Can. Hort. 19:405. 1896.

Sierra Crimson 1.

Reported in the preceding reference by S. S. Watkins, Grizzly Flats, California, as a very good wild plum growing high up in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Said to bear beautiful crimson fruit about the size of the Reine Claude, of good quality; highly recommended for jelly.

Silassy. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 118:52. 1895. 2. Ibid. 152:211. 1898.

Imported from Hungary by the Michigan Experiment Station.

Silas Wilson. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:80. 1892. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 105. 1900. 3. Terry Cat. 1900.

Grown by H. A. Terry, from seed of Hawkeye; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; red over a yellow ground; dots numerous; flesh yellow, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Silva Koning Claudie. Domestica. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 358. 1891.

Miller’s Early 1.

Described by Wickson as an undetermined variety brought from Germany by Dr. L. E. Miller, of California, in 1854; introduced by C. M. Silva & Son of Newcastle, California, in 1887. Fruit purplish-black; fine flavor; similar in size to the Early Royal, and about a month earlier.

Sirocco. Triflora ×? 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 47. 1895. 2. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:19. 1895.

J. S. Breece, of Fayetteville, North Carolina grew this variety as a cross between Abundance and Marianna. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity small; suture a line; coppery-red with streaks of yellow; dots minute, russet; flesh reddish near the skin but yellow towards the stone, juicy; good.

Sisson. Subcordata kelloggii. 1. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits 216, 217. 1898.

Fruit larger than the wild Subcordata; yellow or red; flesh soft and palatable. See the discussion of Prunus subcordata, page 74.

Sixby. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:15. 1901.

Sent out by Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit small; suture distinct; bright red with conspicuous dots; skin adherent; flesh deep yellow tinged with red, crisp, rich; stone oval.

Six Weeks. Triflora × Angustifolia varians? 1. Kerr Cat. 10. 1901-2. 2. Tex. Nur. Cat. 8. 1907. 3. Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul. 12:102. 1910.

Early Six Weeks.

Grown from seed of Abundance crossed with an early “Chicasaw;” named and introduced by J. S. Kerr of Texas. Tree vigorous, upright, rapid in growth, resembles the native variety more than Triflora; fruit large, oblong, yellow tinged red; early.

Skuya. Triflora × Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108. 1908.

A cross between De Soto and Red June made by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station resulted in eight seedlings of which the above was the first to fruit. Fruit large, dark, dull red and yellow, sweet; good; stone small.

Sloe. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894-1900. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:59. 1897.

Sloe is a small native variety that has been given the common name of the wild European plum. (See the following name.) Fruit small, roundish-oblong; skin thick, dark red; clingstone; mid-season. The name is also applied in one locality or another to nearly all of the American species of plums as they grow wild.

Sloe. Spinosa. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Ray Hist. Plant. 1529. 1688. 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:63. 1771. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:106. 1832.

Blackthorn 4. Black Prunella 2. Common Sloe 4. Épine noire 4. Petit prunallier 4. Pruneola 1. Prunelle 3. Prune Sauvage 3. Prunus silvestris 3. Prunus spinosa, foliis lanceolatis 3. Prunelier 4. Prunus spinosa 4. Prunier èpineux 4. Prunallier 4. Slee-Pruim 3. White Prunella 2. White Blossomed Sloe 4.

See Prunus spinosa.

Small Green Drying. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 153. 1831.

A variety under test in the garden of the London Horticultural Society.

Small White Damson. Insititia. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:81. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:44, Tab. 198 fig. 1. 1796. 3. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 300. 1846. 4. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:496. 1860. 5. Mas Le Verger 6:127. 1866-73. 6. Hogg Fruit Man. 726. 1884. 7. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 427. 1889.

Damas blanc petit 6, 7. Damascenen Mirabelle 7. Die Kleine Weisse Damascenerpflaume 2. Kleine Weisse Damascene 7. Klein Weisse Damassener Pflaume 5. Petit Damas Blanc 1, 5. Petit Damas Blanc 2, 3, 7. Prune Petit Damas Blanc 5. Prunier Damas à petit fruit blanc 4. Small White Damask 6. Small White Damask 7. White Damask 3.

Probably a French variety. Tree of medium productiveness; shoots smooth; fruit small, roundish, inclining to ovate; stem medium in length, slender; skin yellowish, tinged with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet and well flavored; freestone; mid-season; culinary.

Smiley. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:80. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 40. 1899. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 188. 1901. 4. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:281, 282. 1904.

Thought to have originated in Alabama. Tree vigorous with an open and spreading habit, very productive; fruit medium or above, roundish-oval to roundish-oblong; cavity shallow, rounded; suture a line; red with numerous small, yellow dots; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair to good; stone medium, oval, somewhat flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Smith. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:18. 1901. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 164. 1901.

A seedling of Quaker grown by C. A. Smith, Caroline County, Maryland. Tree of straggling, open growth, vigorous and productive; fruit large, sometimes very large, roundish-oval to roundish-oblong; suture a line; apex rounded; cavity shallow, narrow; stem short and stout; yellow overspread with dark red; dots small, yellow; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; good to best; stone large, oval, nearly free; medium early. Waugh says, “One of the best Americanas I ever saw.”

Smith October. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 146. 1896.

A seedling grown by A. M. Smith, St. Catherines, Ontario. Fruit of medium size, slightly one-sided; suture obscure; black, somewhat mottled; bloom light; flesh dark yellow, firm, subacid; quality fair; stone small, globular with a deep hollow alongside a thickened margin.

Smith Prolific. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:56. 1900. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 433. 1905.

Under test at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. Fruit medium in size, globular; cavity deep; stem short; suture distinct and terminating in a depression; yellowish with a purple-red cheek; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, juicy, sprightly; stone of medium size, clinging; mid-season.

Smith Red. Nigra? 1. Wis. Sta. Rpt. 11:345. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:59, 60. 1897. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 171. 1901.

Smith’s Red 1, 2.

Sent to the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1890 by I. F. Gale & Son, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, round-oval; suture a line; stem short and stout, set in a shallow cavity; purplish-red, shading to orange; dots minute; bloom thin; skin thick with a very slight harshness; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; fair to good; stone large, oval, thin, clinging; mid-season.

Snelling. Nigra. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 136. 1894. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:39. 1903.

Grown by W. H. Snelling, New Edinburgh, Ontario, about 1880 from a sprout of an old tree growing at Gatineau Point, Quebec. Fruit medium to large, usually round; stem an inch long, set in a round cavity; suture distinct; yellowish-red, mostly covered with darker red; bloom light; skin thin, tender, apt to crack when fully ripe, slightly astringent; flesh soft, very juicy, sweet; good; stone large, flat; mid-season.

Snyder. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:288. 1900. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 301. 1903.

A seedling of De Soto; originated in 1893 with J. A. Fairchild, Coggon, Linn County, Iowa. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit large, roundish, oblique-truncate; suture a line; apex depressed; stem stout set in a shallow cavity; light red with darker shades of red; dots large; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, brisk subacid; fair to good; stone large, oval, flat, clinging.

Souris. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

Under test at Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada.

South Cumberland. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 151. 1891.

P. J. Berckmans of Augusta, Georgia, says in the above reference that this variety has been known for twenty-six or twenty-seven years in his section. Fruit golden yellow; very good.

Southern Beauty. Species? 1. Wild Bros. Cat. 1892. 2. Kerr Cat. 1894.

Tree peach-like in growth and general appearance; wholly barren; possibly the Blackman renamed; worthless.

Southern Golden. Species? 1. Ala. Sta. Bul. 11:12. 1890.

Noted in the preceding reference as a feeble grower; fruit medium in size, oblong, yellow, tender; quality best; early.

Spanish Damask. Domestica. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:129, Tab. 175 fig. 2. 1796. 2. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803. 3. Willich Dom. Enc. 4:300. 1803. 4. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846. 5. Hogg Fruit Man. 693. 1884. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Damas d’Espagne 1, 6. Damas D’Espagne 5. Die Damaskpflaume aus Spanien 1. Liegel’s Spanische Damascene 6. Prune Damas D’Espagne 4. Prunus hispanica 4. Spanish Damascene 2. Spanish Damask 6. Spanish Red Damask 3.

Fruit small, roundish; suture shallow; cavity small; stem short; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, not rich; quality fair; freestone; mid-season.

Spanish King. Domestica. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 355. 1878. 2. Ibid. 145. 1880. 3. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:243, 247. 1899. 4. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:279. 1900. 5. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 326. 1903.

Rex 1, 2. Spanish 3.

Introduced into Marion County, Iowa, by John Laike, a German, under the name Rex, through cions obtained in 1872 from a Spanish consul. Several tests show this variety to be identical with the Lombard. If the origin given is correct, the belief that the Lombard is an old European variety is substantiated.

Späte Zwetsche Von Karlstadt. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 450. 1889.

Speckled Gage. Domestica. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt. 7:92. 1888.

Originated as a sucker from trees secured in Montreal by James Tobias. Fruit small, round, purplish, speckled with conspicuous dots; very sweet; good.

Speer. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:42. 1892. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:45. 1898. 3. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 305. 1898.

Found wild by J. A. Speer, Cedar Falls, Iowa. Tree small, very hardy, spreading, productive, apt to overbear; fruit medium or below, irregular-oval to oblong; suture distinct; cavity shallow; stem short, slender; purplish-red on a yellow ground; dots numerous, small; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm and sweet; good; stone large, oval, flat, ends blunt, semi-clinging; medium late.

Spicer. Munsoniana. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:56. 1900.

Originated with Charles Luedloff of Minnesota; according to the above reference of no value in British Columbia.

Spilling Jaune-double. Insititia. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:63. 1771.

Except in its larger size and poorer quality this variety closely resembles the White Wheat.

Splendid. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:288. 1900. 2. Kerr Cat. 6. 1900.

Found wild by I. K. Teeter near Magnolia, Harrison County, Iowa, in 1878; introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1900. Tree dwarfish, bears early, productive; fruit medium in size, dark red; skin tough; flesh yellow, very firm, sweet; good; semi-clinging; medium to late.

Splendor. Domestica. 1. Burbank Cat. 15 fig. 1893. 2. Cal. State Bd. Hort. Rpt. 47. 1897-98. 3. Am. Gard. 21:36. 1900. 4. U. S. D. A. Yearbook 274, Pl. XXXVI. 1903.

Cross-bred Prune A.P.-318 1.

Splendor was originated by Luther Burbank in 1886 from a cross between Pond and Agen. In 1893 it was sold under the name Cross-bred Prune A.P.-318 to Stark Brothers of Louisiana, Missouri, who introduced it the following year under its present name. The fruit is twice the size of Agen, ovoid, compressed, dark purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, rich, sweet; freestone; hangs well to the tree and ripens its crop all together.

Spotted Gage. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 949. 1869.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit medium or above, oval; suture shallow; greenish-yellow shaded, mottled and splashed with crimson and lilac; dots numerous, light; bloom thin; flesh coarse, yellow, sugary, juicy, a little vinous; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Springer. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:8. 1901. 2. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 91, 94. 1901.

Found wild by Wm. A. Springer of Fremont, Wisconsin; sent to the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1890 and named by Professor E. S. Goff. Tree productive; fruit of large size, deep purplish-red shading to yellow; dots numerous, yellow; bloom moderate; skin thick, tender, not harsh; flesh deep yellow, sweet and rich; stone large, thick margined, clinging; mid-season.

Stabeler Seedling. Species? 1. Elliott Fr. Book 429. 1854.

According to Elliott, an American variety; fruit medium in size, oval, greenish-yellow with white specks; flesh yellowish, adhering to the stone; mid-season.

Standard. Domestica. 1. Gard. Chron. 13:600. 1853. 2. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:533. 1855. 3. Ann. Pom. Belge 8:25, Pl. 1860. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 382. 1866. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 429. 1889.

Etendard d’Angleterre 5. L’Etendard De L’Angleterre 3. Standard of England 5. Standard of England 1, 2, 4.

An English variety raised from seed about 1845 by Henry Dowling of Woolston. Fruit above medium size, obovate; suture shallow; stem medium; cavity small; bright red, shading to purplish-red; dots yellow; bloom thin, violet; flesh greenish, firm, juicy, brisk flavor; good; stone small, oval, nearly free; mid-season.

Standard. Domestica. 1. Burbank Cat. 11. 1911.

This Standard is a cross between Tragedy and Sugar recently sent out by Luther Burbank. Professor E. J. Wickson of the College of Agriculture at Berkeley, California, describes it as follows: “Freestone, pit small ⅝ inch by ⅝ inch. Flesh yellowish, melting, fine-grained; very juicy and sweet; skin dark blue, sub-color dark red, medium texture.”

Stark Green Gage. Domestica. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 196. 1891. 2. Stark Bros. Cat. 1891.

Stark Green Gage is said to be a seedling of Missouri Green Gage; introduced by Stark Brothers in 1891. As tested at this Station both of these varieties are identical with Imperial Gage.

Steinman. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:59. 1897. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:288. 1900. 3. Ibid. 114:144. 1910.

Steinman No. 2, 3.

Of the type of Stoddard, originated in 1883 by C. Steinman, Mapleton, Iowa, from a mixed lot of seed of De Soto, Quaker and Forest Garden. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, oval, conical, one-sided; stem short; suture distinct; apex pointed; crimson with numerous dots; bloom thick; skin thin; flesh yellow, watery, sweet; good to very good; stone medium, oval, pointed; late.

Stella. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 6. 1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 164. 1901.

Grown by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Tree spreading, very productive; fruit large, globular, purplish-red; season medium.

Steptoe. Domestica. 1. Oregon Sta. Bul. 45:31. 1897. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 152:211. 1898. 3. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 548. 1901.

Originated with Calvin Throop near Steptoe Butte, Washington; introduced by George Purdy, Colfax, Washington. Tree upright, vigorous, bears every year; fruit resembles Italian Prune very much but is larger and ripens two weeks earlier; ovate, purple; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, pleasant.

Sterling. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 12. 1898.

Cataloged by J. W. Kerr for three years; not described.

Stickney. Species? 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:60. 1897.

A tender-fleshed variety of the season and size of Rollingstone, grown by Franklin Johnson of Baraboo, Wisconsin.

Stint. Domestica. 1. Garden 52:261. 1897. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:56. 1900. 3. Garden 62:133. 1902. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 450. 1889.

Stintpflaume 4.

Introduced by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, in 1885. Tree dwarfish, very productive; fruit small, roundish, red or reddish-purple; flesh orange, juicy, sweet, fine; good; stone free; early.

Stonewood. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:165. 1843.

Listed in the catalog of the London Horticultural Society. Fruit of medium size, roundish, purple; good; freestone; mid-season.

Stout. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894.

An inferior blue variety originated by Mr. Stout of Kent County, Delaware; tested by J. W. Kerr.

Strawberry. Angustifolia watsoni. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:65. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 234. 1901.

Tree dwarf, symmetrical, much subject to twig-blight. Fruit small, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; skin thin, red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, soft; quality poor; stone roundish, clinging.

Striped-leaved. Domestica? 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth as one of the sorts commonly grown in England in his time.

Sucker State. Hortulana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:50, 87. 1892. 2. Col., O., Hort. Soc. Rpt. 82. 1892. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 182. 1901.

The origin of this variety is not known, but it is thought to have come from Illinois. Tree vigorous, fairly productive; fruit medium or above, round-oblong; suture a line; cavity shallow; stem slender; dark red; dots numerous, small, yellow; bloom very thin or lacking; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone of medium size, clinging; late.

Suisse. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:82. 1768. 2. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:63. 1832. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 949. 1869. 5. Hogg Fruit Man. 726. 1884. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 450. 1889.

Altesse 3, 5, 6. La Prune Suisse 2. Monsieur Tardif 4, 5, 6. Monsieur Tardive 3, 4. Prune d’Altesse 4, 6. Prune de Monsieur Tardive 3. Prune Suisse 1. Prune Suisse 3, 4. Swiss Plum 3, 4, 6. Semiana 6. Simiana 4. Schweizer Pflaume 6. Switzer’s Plum 4, 5, 6.

An old European variety known under many names. In the French nurseries, it has been badly confused with the Blue Impératrice so common in England. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit small, oval, dark purple shading to dark red; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy and melting; good; clingstone; late.

Sultan. Domestica. 1. Jour. Hort. 21:243. 1871. 2. Flor. and Pom. 145. Pl. 1875. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 727. 1884.

Raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, from seed of Belle, about 1871. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit medium to large, round with a deep suture; stem medium; cavity wide; deep red; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, brisk and pleasant; clingstone; early mid-season; said to be an excellent culinary plum.

Sultaneck Erick. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Sunrise. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1897.

Exhibited by C. C. Stirling, Grand Rapids, Michigan, at the meeting of the American Pomological Society in 1897. Fruit of medium size, round, yellow and lilac; of the Reine Claude type.

Sunrise. Americana. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 102. 1902. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:32. 1903.

A seedling of De Soto from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Fruit large, oval; cavity narrow, shallow, abrupt; suture distinct, but not depressed; apex rounded; yellow more or less covered with bright red; dots few, yellow, distinct; bloom medium; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone large, flat, oval, free or nearly so; late.

Sunset. Americana. 1. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:46. 1898. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:289. 1900.

Originated by Charles E. Pennock of Bellevue, Colorado, in 1892. Tree vigorous, hardy, very productive; fruit large, oval or oblong; suture distinct; stem rather long, slender; deep red on a yellow ground, beautifully shaded; flesh firm, of excellent quality; mid-season.

Surpasse Monsieur. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:63. 1832. 2. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:498. 1860. 3. Le Bon Jard. 341. 1882.

A hybrid between Monsieur and Jerusalem raised by M. Noisette of Paris; first fruited in 1819. Tree very vigorous; fruit above medium size, round, purplish-black; flesh yellow, a trifle harsh; excellent; mid-season.

Svedske Tidlig Leipziger. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 153. 1831.

Grown in the gardens of the London Horticultural Society prior to 1831.

Svedske Ungersk. Domestica. Listed in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 153. 1831.

Swan. Domestica. 1. Rivers Cat. 35. 1898. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:56. 1900.

Raised by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree very productive; fruit large, red; freestone; mid-season.

Swan Golden. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:56. 1900. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 548. 1901. 3. Ibid. 433. 1905.

Swan 3. Swan’s Yellow 2.

Found only in the preceding reports. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture distinct; cavity small; stem short; yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, tender; stone small, mid-season.

Sweet Damson. Insititia. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 146. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:163. 1843.

An English variety similar to Shropshire except in its sweetness.

Swift. Americana. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 119. 1904.

A seedling of De Soto grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Fruit large, broad-oval, much flattened; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex slightly flattened; yellow, mottled and washed with deep red; dots obscure; bloom light; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh pale yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; stone above medium, oval, almost free.

Szillassy Piros. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 152:211. 1898.

Noted in the preceding reference as a variety imported from Hungary.

Tardive de Corny. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 155, 366. 1895.

This variety is a seedling grown by Victor Simon of Corny, Metz, France. Tree rather small in trunk, but forms a large head, regularly productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, clear yellow blushed with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet and aromatic; good; late.

Tardive de Fourqueux. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Mathieu took his references from the Journal de la Société Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France 169. 1885.

Tardive de Genes. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 162, 366. 1895.

An Italian variety noted for its size, lateness and color. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very large, roundish-oval, yellow; flesh firm, sour; very late.

Tardive Musquee. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:147. 1873. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 370. 1887. 3. Rev. Hort. 536, 561. 1893. 4. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 470. 1894.

Späte Muskateller Pflaume 4.

Originated by M. M. Baltet, a nurseryman at Troyes, France, about 1859. Tree weak, productive; fruit medium to above, round-oval with an indistinct suture, very deep purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish, melting, with aroma of musk; good; mid-season. This may be the Late Muskatelle of Lucas.

Tarleton. Cerasifera. 1. Kerr Cat. 21. 1897. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 13:370. 1900.

Waugh says this variety, which comes from Georgia, is very similar to Early Cherry. Tree vigorous, spreading and irregular in growth; fruit small, round; suture indistinct; stem medium, set in a shallow cavity; red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, soft, sweet; quality fair; stone small, clinging; very early.

Tatge. Domestica. 1. Penin. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 12. 1892. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 76. 1895. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:289. 1900. 4. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 326. 1903. 5. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:258. 1905.

Tatge is said to have originated at Belle Plains, Benton County, Iowa. In 1892, J. W. Kerr of Maryland mentioned this plum as a new variety, brought to notice about 1890. Tatge is so similar to the Lombard that many authorities have noted them as identical. J. L. Budd of Iowa considered it somewhat hardier and less subject to rot.

Tawny. Domestica. 1. Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1528. 1688.

Given by Ray in a list of the best sorts of plums cultivated in his time.

Taybank. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 12:341. 1846. 2. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:532. 1855. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 727. 1884.

Guthries Taybank 1, 2, 3.

Grown by Charles Guthrie, of Taybank, Dundee, Scotland; probably an offspring of Reine Claude. Fruit nearly large, ovate; suture faint; stem medium, inserted almost without a depression; greenish-yellow with specks of russety-red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, juicy, tender, melting, very sweet, approaching Reine Claude in flavor but not equal to that variety; clingstone; mid-season.

Tecumseh. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 13. 1897. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:52. 1900.

Hughes Late 1.

J. W. Pool of Indiana who introduced this plum named it Hughes Late but later changed the name to avoid confusion with the variety named Hughes. Fruit medium in size, round, yellow mottled with bright red changing to coppery-red when fully ripe; clingstone; mid-season.

Temple. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 1875-1899.

Listed by the American Pomological Society in its catalog from 1875 to 1899.

Tenneha. Species? Mentioned in Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:80. 1892.

Tennessee. Munsoniana. 1. Am. Jour. Hort. 5:148. 1869.

Tennessee Plum 1.

A strain of Wild Goose.

Terrell. Triflora ×? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 249. 1903. 2. Glen. St. Mary Nur. Cat. 1904.

A seedling of Excelsior from Jay Terrell, Hastings, Florida; introduced by the Glen St. Mary Nurseries, Glen St. Mary, Florida. Tree healthy, vigorous, similar to Excelsior, bears heavy crops annually; fruit medium to large, nearly round; suture a line; apex blunt; cavity medium in depth; stem short and slender; reddish-yellow, somewhat mottled and deepening to wine-red; dots minute, yellowish; skin thin, tough; flesh greenish-yellow, meaty, subacid, rich; excellent; stone small, broadly oval, turgid, clinging; ripens in June in the South.

Terry. Americana mollis. 1. Stark Bros. Cat. 1896. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:271. 1900. 3. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 224. 1902. 4. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:40. 1905.

Free Silver 2. Free Silver 1, 3, 4.

H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa grew this variety from seed of Van Buren; first fruited about 1896. Tree vigorous, upright, open; fruit large, regular, oval; cavity small, shallow; suture indistinct; dark red; dots small, gray; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm but melting; good; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season; ripens very evenly.

Terry De Soto. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:289. 1900.

Terry’s Desota 1.

A seedling of De Soto, grown by H. A. Terry. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large, golden-yellow overspread with light crimson, mottled with darker shades; flesh yellow, rich and sweet; clingstone; early.

Texas Belle. Munsoniana. 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 34, 57. 1888. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:50. 1892. 3. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:481. 1894.

Belle 2. Paris Belle 1, 3.

Grown by Stephen H. Turner of Texas; introduced by Dr. W. W. Steele of Paris, Texas. Tree small, drooping, hardy and productive; fruit medium to large, roundish, light red; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and pleasant; stone short and turgid, clinging; last of June in Texas. Mentioned in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1897.

Texas Gage. Domestica. 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:484. 1894.

Noted in the preceding reference as having been grown at the Texas Experiment Station.

Thanksgiving. Domestica. 1. Green Cat. 8. 1902. 2. W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 25. 1904.

Thanksgiving Prune 1.

Thanksgiving originated with a Mr. Gridley of Chili, New York; introduced in 1902 by Charles A. Green of Rochester, New York. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; purplish-black; sweet; good; late; shrivels and keeps for some time after picking.

Theresa. Domestica? 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 264. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 74. 1895.

Originated at Bloomingburgh, Ohio; named for Mrs. Theresa M. Morris of that place. Tree bears heavily and regularly, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, reddish-purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, very mild, sweet; good; early.

Thomas. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 7:388. 1841. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 315. 1845. 3. Mag. Hort. 14:155. 1848. 4. Hovey Fr. Am. 1:95. 1851. 5. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 439. 1881.

Thomaspflaume 5.

Found in the garden of Wm. Thomas of Boston for whom it was named by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society; first fruited about 1840. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit large, roundish-oval inclined to oblong; suture shallow with sides unequal; cavity small and narrow; stem medium, rather stout; deep amber mottled and shaded with soft red; dots white, numerous, bloom thin; flesh yellow; juicy, somewhat coarse with a mild pleasant flavor; quality medium; stone rather large, roundish-ovate, light in color, free; mid-season.

Thomas October. Domestica? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 85. 1854.

Said to have originated in Upper Dublin Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium in size, pale red; good.

Thompsons Golden Green. Species? 1. Country Gent. 26:238. 1865.

From R. O. Thompson, Nebraska. Fruit bronze or gold in color, dotted with red in the sun; very sweet, juicy; freestone.

Thorndyke Gage. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 950. 1869.

Originated near Newburgh, New York. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit below medium size, roundish; suture slight; pale green; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, pleasant; clingstone; good; mid-season.

Thousand-and-one. Munsoniana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 189. 1901.

Origin unknown. Fruit small, round; suture indistinct; cavity small; bright red with many small, conspicuous dots; flesh yellow, soft; stone small, oval, clinging; mid-season or earlier.

Thresher. Domestica. 1. Pioneer Nur. Cat. 1900.

An improved strain of Agen grown by a Mr. Thresher of California.

Throop. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 152:211. 1898. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 547. 1901. 3. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 27:16. 1904.

From George E. Ruedy, Colfax, Washington, in 1896. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit of medium size, ovate; cavity small; suture shallow; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, sweet, pleasant; quality fair; freestone; mid-season.

Throop No. 1. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:57. 1900.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval; suture broad, distinct; cavity usually lacking; red with thin bloom; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; stone roundish, free; early.

Throop No. 2. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 27:16. 1904.

Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit large, roundish; sides unequal; suture broad; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom heavy; dots few, yellow; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, a little coarse, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

Throssel. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:290. 1900.

Found wild on the Des Moines River by a Mr. Throssel, Pierson, Woodbury County, Iowa. Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit large; suture distinct; late.

Tillemond. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:93. 1832.

Belle Tillemond 1. Prunier de Tillemond 1.

Fruit very large, oval; cavity slight; stem large; light purple, with a darker cheek; flesh greenish, somewhat melting, sharp and acid, not pleasant; late.

Tobias Gage. Domestica. 1. N. Y. Sta. Rpt. 12:612. 1893.

Tobias Gage is a supposed seedling of Reine Claude received for testing at this Station in 1888 from J. T. Macomber, Grand Isle, Vermont. Tree moderately vigorous and productive; fruit below medium in size, oblate; suture and cavity shallow; dark coppery-yellow with a dull mottled red blush; bloom thin; flesh yellow, slightly fibrous, firm, sweet; quality good; stone small, semi-clinging; not equal to Reine Claude in appearance or quality.

Togo. Triflora. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 119. 1904.

A seedling of Red June from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, from seed planted in 1895; named in honor of Admiral Togo. Fruit above medium, roundish; suture usually indistinct; cavity narrow, medium in depth, abrupt; yellow overlaid with deep red, with many small, inconspicuous dots; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, clinging.

Tokeya. Prunus besseyi × Simonii. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108. 1908.

One of a lot of hybrids originated at the South Dakota Experiment Station, first fruiting in 1906. Fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter, flat, dark red; flesh green, sprightly subacid, intermediate between that of the two parents; good; stone very small; early.

Tomato. Cerasifera. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 13:370. 1900.

According to Waugh, a seedling of Pissardi, from A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas. Fruit small to medium, spherical; cavity shallow; stem short, slender; dark red; dots very minute; bloom thin; flesh soft, yellow; poor to fair; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Tomlingson. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:80. 1892.

Given by Bailey in a list of native plums.

Towakong. Rivularis. 1. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits 223. 1898.

Creek 1. Rivularis 1.

The Indian name of Prunus rivularis.

Trabesche. Domestica. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 28:231. 1895. 2. Ibid. 31:348. 1895.

Trabeshe 2.

A Russian variety introduced into this country by Charles Gibb; tested at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. Tree hardy, bears early; fruit large, oval, blue; quality best; freestone; mid-season.

Transparente. Species? 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 406. 1881. 2. Guide Prat. 157, 366. 1895.

Durchsichtige 1. Die Durchsichtige 2. Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude 2.

Distinct from the English variety, Transparent. Fruit of medium size, oval clear greenish-yellow; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, aromatic; good; clingstone; early.

Trapps Königspflaume. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 423. 1881. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Königspflaume von Trapp’s 1. Royale de Trapp 2. Von Trapp’s Königs Pflaume 2.

Produced by Liegel. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, oblate; suture shallow; halves equal or nearly so; stem with short hairs; cavity wide, deep; skin easily removed, sourish; bluish-black; dots fine, numerous, golden; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, fine, juicy, sprightly, pleasant; freestone; ripens before the Reine Claude.

Traubenpflaume. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Usum Erreck 1.

Reference found by Mathieu in Obst-Garten 47. 1885.

Trauttenberg. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:81. 1873. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Die Zuckersüsse 2. König Zwetsche 2. Sucree de Trauttenberg 2. Sucree-Douce De Trauttenberg 1, 2. Trauttenberg Zuckersüsse 1. Von Trauttenberg’s Zuckersüsse 2.

Originated in Bohemia; named in honor of Baron Trauttenberg, a zealous pomologist. Fruit medium in size, obovate and flattened; suture a line; skin brownish-purple; bloom thick; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, very rich, aromatic; excellent for dessert; stone rough, free; mid-season.

Trianon. Domestica. Listed in Lond. Hort Soc. Cat. 153. 1831.

Trinkle No. 4. Triflora. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1905.

John W. Trinkle of Madison, Indiana, grew this plum from seed of Burbank about 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large; suture medium; apex small; cavity large, regular, deep; yellowish; dots small, yellow; skin thick, tenacious, bitter; flesh yellowish, slightly translucent, meaty, moderately juicy, mild subacid; good to very good; mid-season.

Trostle. Species? 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 234. 1901.

Known only in the vicinity of Kingsley, Iowa. Fruit dark red.

Trouvée de Vouêche. Species? 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 398. 1857. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Trouvée de Vaunêge 2. Trouvée de Vonêche 2.

Found wild by Gregoire (probably of Belgium) and introduced by him. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit medium to small, oval, regular, reddish-violet with a darker cheek; bloom violet; flesh juicy, sweet; very good; mid-season.

Truro. Americana × Hortulana mineri. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 47. 1895. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 164. 1901.

From Ezra W. Tucker, Williamsfield, Illinois, about 1895. A seedling of Weaver crossed with Miner. Tree upright, hardy; fruit large, oblong; suture shallow; cavity small, shallow; red with many, small, russet dots; flesh yellowish with yellow veins, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid; very good; stone medium, oval, clinging; late.

Tucker. Species? 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 26. 1894.

Another seedling from Ezra W. Tucker; said to be grown from seed taken from a cluster of trees containing Weaver, Miner, Wild Goose and two prune trees; first fruited in 1894. Tree resembles Wild Goose; fruit medium to large, pyriform, greenish-yellow, overspread with light purplish-red; dots many, small; skin thick, tender, almost sweet; very good; stone large, angular, clinging; mid-season.

Tudor. Munsoniana? 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:481. 1894.

Tested at the Texas Experiment Station. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oblong, light red; skin very thin; flesh acid unless fully ripe.

Turkey. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576, 577. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 208. 1676. 3. Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1529. 1688. 4. Langley Pomona 95, 97, Pl. XXV fig. V. 1729. 5. Abercrombie Gard. Ass’t 13. 1786.

Turkie 1. Turky 2. Turkey Plumb 4.

From the brief descriptions of the Seventeenth Century writers, it appears that Turkey was a large blue plum of the German Prune type but the variety has either long since been buried under the hosts of new sorts that have been developed or a new name has been given it.

Turkish Prune. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 152. 1831. 2. R. G. Chase Cat. 3. Rice Bros. Cat. 1908.

Quetsche Turkish 1.

The name “Turkish Prune,” although sometimes applied to the Italian Prune does not seem to be connected with any particular variety. It may be a synonym of the “Jerusalem Prune” or it may have developed, as a corruption of the still older “Turkey” plum mentioned by Parkinson and other writers in the Seventeenth Century.

Twice Bearing. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:113. 1768. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:103. 1832. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831. 4. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1:1846. 5. Mas Le Verger 6:79. 1866-73. 6. Nicholson Dict. Gard. 3:235. 7. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889.

Bifere 2, 7. Bifere 5. Bon deux fois l’an? 2. Bonne deux fois l’an 3. De Deux Saison 5. Deux fois l’an 2. P. biferum 6. Prune bifere 2. Prune de Deux Saisons 2, 7. Prune qui fructifie deux fois l’an 5, 7. Prunier bifere 4. Prunier Fleurissant et Poussant Deux Fois 5, 7. Prunier qui fructifie deux fois par an 1, 2. Prunus bifera 1. Zweimal Blühende und Zweimal Tragende Bunte Pflaume 5, 7. Zweimal Tragende 7.

A Domestica of ancient origin grown more as a curiosity and an ornamental than for utility. Fruit long, almost olive-form; suture faint; skin reddish-yellow, heavily tinged with brown; bloom heavy; flesh coarse, yellow, green beneath the suture, juice insipid; stone almost smooth, acutely pointed, clinging. The first crop is borne the beginning of August; the second very late; both worthless.

Twins. Domestica. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 55. 1878.

Corse’s Twins 1.

A curious double plum which originated with Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada; inferior.

Tzaueron. Insititia? 1. Rev. Hort. 357. 1891.

Le Prunier Tzaneron 1. Tzaneron 1.

Very generally grown throughout southeastern Europe. Tree below medium size; branches upright; leaves small; glabrous, oval, deep green in color; fruit grows in clusters, small, pale yellow; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly, refreshing. This variety is an important commercial sort in the country where it is grown.

Ulysses. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 950. 1869.

From western New York; fruit above medium size, roundish-oval, whitish, shaded and mottled with violet-purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Uncle Ben. Domestica? 1. Gard. and For. 7:243. 1894. 2. Kansas “The Plum” 29. 1900.

Originated in Stanislaus County, Napa Valley, California; fruit medium to large, golden-yellow, spotted with red; flesh sweet, juicy, very good; freestone; late.

Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche. Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Ungarische Späte Bouteillen Zwetsche.

Union. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 6:269 fig. 1895. 2. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 120. 1898. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 113:161. 1899. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 124. 1901.

Reagles’ Union Purple 1. Union Purple 2, 3. Union Purple 4.

Union originated about 1850 with C. Reagles of Schenectady, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purple; bloom thick; stem adheres strongly to the fruit; flesh dark yellow, firm, tender, sweet, mild; quality fair; stone oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

Uryany. Domestica.

Introduced from Ammassia, Turkey, by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1904 and sent to this Station for testing. Tree vigorous, upright with a dense top; fruit variable in size, roundish to roundish-ovate; suture a line; cavity narrow, deep, abrupt; stem rather thick, short; dark purple; dots numerous, very small, yellowish; bloom heavy; skin thin, tough, astringent; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; stone of medium size, somewhat flattened, clinging; season late.

U. S. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 6. 1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 165. 1901. 3. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 109. 1903.

Brittlewood No. 2 3. United States 3.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, spherical, dark purplish-red; flesh a trifle coarse; good; clingstone; medium to late.

Valence. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:163. 1843. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 145, 153. 1831.

Damas de Valence 1, 2. Saint Loo 2.

Fruit small, roundish, purple; clingstone; late.

Valentia. Domestica. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803.

Mentioned as a plum of value by Forsyth.

Valienciennes. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Die Valienciennes. Edle Königs Pflaume.

Value. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 6. 1902-3. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:39. 1903.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; introduced in 1902 by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round or sometimes inclined to oblong, dark red; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Van Benschoten. Domestica.

Van Benschoten was introduced by a Mr. Snyder of Kingston, New York. Fruit of medium size, roundish, greenish-yellow with russet spots; good; stone small, free.

Van Buren. Americana mollis. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 286. 1887. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:42. 1892. 3. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:46, Pl. XV. 1898. 4. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:32. 1903.

Van Buren came from a wild seedling in Van Buren County, Iowa; introduced by J. Thacher. Tree spreading, moderately productive and slow growing; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; quality good; clingstone; season late.

Van Deman. Americana. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 392. 1891. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 88. 1895. 3. Terry Cat. 1900. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 165. 1901.

Van Dieman 2.

Van Deman is a seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; dark red; bloom thick; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; season late.

Van Houten. Species? 1. Terry Cat. 5. 1900.

A plum of unknown parentage from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1895; dwarfish; productive; fruit very large, round, bright red; mid-season.

Venetianische Zweimal Tragende. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 452. 1889.

La Bonne Deux Fois L’An. La Venitienne.

Venus. Munsoniana. 1. Terry Cat. 8. 1900.

From H. A. Terry; of unknown parentage. Tree upright, productive; fruit very large, yellow overspread with light pinkish-red becoming darker red; dots numerous, white; flesh yellow, very sweet and rich; good; clingstone; early.

Verdacchio. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 208. 1676. 3. Gallesio Pom. Ital. 2: fig. 1839.

Verdock 1, 2.

An old Italian variety. A few of the modern writers hold it to be the Reine Claude but according to Gallesio, it is a distinct plum. Fruit medium in size, obovate, greenish; flesh crisp, sweet, agreeable; very good.

Verdache. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 161, 366. 1895.

Tree very productive; fruit small, oval, yellowish olive-green with flesh the same color, sweet; late; said to be excellent for making prunes or for cooking.

Vermilion. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:44. 1897. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 165. 1901.

Le Duc Vermillion 1, 2. Le Duc Vermillion 3.

Grown for some years by J. W. Kerr, but dropped in 1901. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong, bright red; flesh yellow, very good; clingstone; late.

Vermilon Hâtif. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 452. 1889.

Vesuvius. Cerasifera ×? 1. Fancher Creek Nur. Cat. 1907-8. 2. Ibid. 1909.

Foliage Plum 1, 2.

Grown by Luther Burbank from a cross between Pissardi and some native or Triflora sort; introduced by the Fancher Creek Nurseries in 1907. Tree vigorous, elm-like in habit of growth, not productive; fruit small, roundish, purplish-red; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone small; valuable only as an ornamental.

Vick. Munsoniana × Americana? 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 287. 1887. 2. Ibid. 276. 1893. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:14. 1901.

James Vick 1, 2, 3.

Supposed to be a seedling of Wild Goose crossed with some Americana; originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, about 1880. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; dots numerous; suture distinct; bright red; bloom light; flesh yellowish-green, tender; quality fair; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

Victor. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size; mid-season.

Victoria. Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska; fruit large, firm; poor.

Violet. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 578. 1629. 2. Langley Pomona 92, fig. VII. 1729. 3. Garden 50:223. 1897. 4. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 27:16. 1904.

Early Violet 3. Violette 4. Violet Plumb 2.

This variety is possibly the same as Précoce de Tours but we are unable to identify it positively with this or any other known variety. The “Violette” mentioned in the fourth reference above may not be identical with the Violet of the older writers but it seems to be similar. According to Parkinson the Violet is “a small and long blackish blew plum, ripe about Bartholomew tide, a very good dry eating plum.”

Victor Sand Cherry. (Prunus besseyi × Munsoniana) × Domestica. 1. Am. Br. Assoc. Rpt. 2:184. 1906.

Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska pollinated Prunus besseyi with Wild Goose and the resulting seedling was fertilized with pollen from Quackenboss. This final cross resulted in the variety under discussion. Fruit nearly two inches in diameter; apparently of value.

Violet Imperial. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 4:196. 1849.

Die Violette Kaiserpflaume 1. Impériale Violette 1.

Violet Imperial is usually considered the same as Red Magnum Bonum but Liegel describes it as distinct in that its leaves are shorter, its fruit smaller, darker and ripening period three or four weeks later.

Violet Royal. Domestica. Mentioned in Miller Gard. Kal. 155. 1734.

Violette Americaine. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 452. 1889.

Mathieu found reference in Revue Horticole 351. 1869.

Virgata. Species? 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 51. 1889.

A tender shrub of value only as an ornamental. Flowers semi-double, rose colored; fruit of medium size, oblong, yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid; quality fair; clingstone; very early.

Virgie. Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:229. 1899.

Originated with A. L. Bruce of Texas; a cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty. Fruit medium, nearly round; suture a line; cavity very shallow; deep crimson with many yellow dots; flesh yellow; good; stone small, round, slightly flattened, clinging.

Virginia Damson. Insititia. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 151. 1891.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as doing well in Virginia.

Von Berlepsch Zwetsche. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Berlepsch’s Violette Zwetsche.

Von Bose Rote Zwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Von Lade Späte Mirabelle. Insititia. Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Von Moro Reine Claude. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Mathieu’s reference taken from Pomologische Monatshefte 1. 1878.

Voslauer Zwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 367. 1895.

Similar to the Italian Prune.

Vulcan. Triflora ×? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:229. 1899.

A hybrid grown by Luther Burbank; much like Wickson. Fruit very large, oval, with sides unequal; cavity large, abrupt; stem short, very stout; suture deep at the top; purple with darker shades; dots numerous, yellow; flesh red next the skin, sweet and pleasant; excellent; stone large, elliptical, slightly flattened, clinging.

Wabash. Species? 1. Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 72. 1868.

Noted as a native variety grown in Gibson and Posey Counties, Indiana. Tree low and shrubby, bearing early; fruit large, conical.

Wady. Species? 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 286. 1887. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:80. 1892. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:62. 1897.

Wady’s Early 1, 2, 3.

Reported as of little value except for early ripening and productiveness; fruit small; good for canning.

Wagner. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:291. 1900.

Wagner No. 9 1.

A seedling of Weaver fertilized with a wild variety; grown by J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, in 1894. Fruit small, ovate; cavity broad, shallow; suture clearly defined; yellowish-red; bloom thin; flesh brownish-yellow, sugary, sweet; quality best; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Wahre Frühzwetsche. Domestica. 1. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 473. 1894. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

August Zwetsche 2. Couetsche Précoce 2. Couetsche Précoce La Vraie 2. Diel’s August Zwetsche 2. Frühe Gemeine Zwetsche 2. Frühe Haus Zwetsche 2. Frühe Zwetsche 2. Précoce Veritable 2.

Tree large, a quick grower; fruit medium, oval, dark blue; stone completely free; valuable for dessert and drying.

Wahre Weisse Diaprée. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Dorell’s Neue Weisse Diaprée.

Wakapa. Triflora × Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108. 1908.

A hybrid between De Soto and Red June reported by Hansen, the originator, in the preceding reference as worthy of further testing.

Walker Seedling. Domestica. 1. Can. Hort. 21:390. 1898.

A seedling raised by A. W. Walker, Clarksburg, Ontario. Fruit of medium size, dark maroon; flesh greenish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, pleasant; freestone; early.

Wallace. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree healthy, vigorous and productive; fruit large, inclined to oblong, bright yellow overspread with red; flesh firm; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Walter. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 431. 1881.

Produced by Herr Walter in Altenburg, Germany; valuable for table and market purposes. Tree vigorous; shoots glabrous; fruit roundish-oval, medium; suture deep; halves usually equal; stem thick, straight, strongly hairy; skin not adherent, dark brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy; like Reine Claude in flavor; early.

Walther Pflaume. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

The reference by Mathieu came from Monatsschrift für Pomologie 281. 1858.

Ward October Red. Rivularis ×? 1. Munson Cat. 10. 1902-3.

Found in Clay County, Texas, by Robert Ward; introduced by T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree very vigorous and hardy, spreading habit, very productive; fruit dark bright red with meaty flesh; excellent quality; stone small; ripens in Texas in September and October.

Warner. Domestica. 1. W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 31:60. 1886. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:193. 1897.

Warner’s Late 1. Warner’s Late Red 2.

Warner originated in Schoharie County, New York, and was introduced by S. D. Willard, Geneva, New York. It is a late variety too small and unattractive for commercial purposes. Fruit below medium in size, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem three-quarters of an inch long; skin moderately thick, dull greenish-red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet, mild; quality fair to good; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging; season very late.

Warren. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 5. 1900.

Grown from seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1897. Fruit large, mottled light red, with thin bloom; late.

Wastesa. Species? 1. Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

State Fair No. 16 1.

A seedling of some native plum; grown and sent out by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.

Waterloo Pflaume. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.

Duc de Waterloo 1. Prune de Waterloo 1.

This may be identical with Golden Drop although Mathieu separates them.

Watson. Triflora × Angustifolia varians? 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:21. 1898.

A seedling of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated by Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates in 1897. Tree vigorous, open; fruit large, pointed, red when fully ripe; flesh yellow, juicy, melting; stone nearly free, small.

Watts. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 166. 1885.

Mentioned as grown by Dr. D. S. Watts of Madison County, Mississippi.

Waugh. Triflora × Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:273. 1901. 2. Rural N. Y. 61:658. 1902. 3. Ibid. 65:730. 1906.

Grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, from seed of Chabot fertilized with Wayland; introduced in 1901. Favorably reported where tested. Tree vigorous, rapid and shapely in growth; fruit medium to large, roundish inclining to oblong; cavity shallow; stem slender; dark purplish-red; dots few and indistinct; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; very good; stone small, semi-clinging; mid-season or early.

Wax. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 3:19. 1855. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 425. 1889.

Cire 2. Wax Plum 2.

Raised by Elisha Dorr of Albany, New York; thought to be a cross between Bleeker and Denniston Superb; resembles Bleeker in growth and productiveness of tree; fruit large, slightly oval; stem very long; deep yellow overspread with carmine; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet with a sprightly flavor; clingstone; late.

Wazata. Nigra? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:42. 1892. 2. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits 190. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 171. 1901.

Found wild in Minnesota; introduced by P. M. Gideon and W. F. Heikes. Tree upright, very ornamental in bloom; fruit small to medium, round, dull red; flesh yellow; inferior; clingstone; mid-season to late.

Webster Gage. Domestica. 1. Watkins Cat. 1892. 2. Guide Prat. 157, 364. 1895. 3. Garden 56:344. 1899.

Reine-Claude de Webster 2. Webster Gage 2. Webster’s Gage 1, 3.

Tree bears regularly but sparsely; fruit larger than Reine Claude, a little more oval in shape, yellowish-green; flesh yellowish, tender, soft, juicy, rich; mid-season.

Weeping Blood. Triflora. 1. Hill Side Nursery Sp. Cir. 1895-6.

From J. L. Normand of Marksville, Louisiana; produces blood-red plums of good quality; valuable only as an ornamental.

Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889.

Weisse Zeiberl 1.

Mathieu found reference to this variety in Wiener Garten-Zeitung 290. 1884.

Welch. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.

Grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Hammer; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit large, bright red on a yellow ground; flesh yellow, rich; clingstone; mid-season.

Welcome. Americana. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 100. 1903.

A handsome seedling of De Soto grown by the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oval, flattened; cavity narrow, shallow; rich yellow, more or less washed with red; dots very small, yellow, indistinct; bloom thin; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; mid-season.

Weisse Kaiserin. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 418. 1881. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 431. 1889.

Datte Jaune 2. Gelbe Marunke 2. Grosse Gelbe Dattel Pflaume 2. Grosse Gelbe Dattel Zwetsche 2. Imperial Jaune 2. Prune Datte 2. Weisse Kaiserin 2.

Probably of German origin; tree medium in size, a rapid grower, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; stem short, glabrous; skin not adherent, whitish-yellow, the sunny side dull red, sometimes dotted with red; dots numerous, fine, yellowish; bloom thin; flesh whitish-yellow, firm, very juicy, highly flavored; good for dessert and cooking; clingstone; late.

Werder’sche Frühzwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889.

Stengel Pflaume.

Wetherell. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 6:92. 1840.

Col. Wetherell 1.

Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada, about 1830. Spoken of highly at the time of its origin; valuable for commercial purposes.

Wetherill’s Sweet. Insititia. 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 27. 1828. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831.

A Damson-like plum; small, sweet and delicious; clingstone; early.

Whatisit. Prunus besseyi × Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 18. 1899-1900.

Grown by Theodore Williams of Nebraska from seed of Prunus besseyi pollinated by an Americana; introduced by J. W. Kerr. Tree upright and vigorous, bears early, productive; fruit small, spherical inclining to oblong, dark purplish-red.

Wheat. Insititia. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 209. 1676. 3. Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1529. 1688. 4. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831. 5. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 293, 383. 1846. 6. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 913. 1869. 7. Hogg Fruit Man. 730. 1884.

English Wheat 6. Great Whitton 4. Nutmeg 2. Nutmeg 4, 5, 6. Red Wheate 1. Wheaten 3. Wheaten 4, 5. Whitton 4, 5. Wheat Plum 5. Wheat Plum 6. Wheaton 6. Whitlow 6.

During the Seventeenth Century this name was applied to all Insititia plums and is still so used in parts of Europe.

Whitaker. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:51, 86. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 74. 1895. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 190. 1901. 4. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 212. 1904.

Whitacre 4.

Whitaker is a seedling of Wild Goose raised and introduced by J. T. Whitaker of Tyler, Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; dots many, distinct; flesh yellow, sweet; quality fair; stone small, long-oval, pointed, flat, clinging; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society since 1899.

Whitby. Species? 1. Can. Hort. 18:350. 1895.

A seedling exhibited at the Toronto Industrial Fair in 1895 by the originator, J. K. Gordon, Whitby, Canada.

White Corn. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831.

White Diaper. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 952. 1869.

Diapre Blanc 1. Diaprée Blanche 1.

This variety seems to have been known only by Downing who says it is a small, round plum with a whitish-green skin covered with bloom; flesh rather firm, pale yellow, sweet; good; mid-season.

White Honey Damson. Insititia. 1. Wild Bros. Cat. 1892.

A sweet yellow Damson.

White Muscle. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629.

White Mussell 1.

A strain of the Muscle plum differing from it only in its greenish-white color.

White Otschakoff. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1887. 2. Bailey Ann. Hort. 18. 1889.

Bielaya Otschakorskaya 1.

One of the numerous varieties imported from East Europe by the Iowa Agricultural College about 1882. At one time recommended for the prairie states by Professor Budd.

White Pear. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Langley Pomona 96, 97. 1729. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:104. 1831.

Late White Pear 1.

A variety of ancient and unknown origin. Fruit medium in size, obovate; flesh adhering to the stone.

White Peascod. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 208. 1676.

Peascod Plum 2. White Pescod 1.

Mentioned by the early writers; similar to the Green and Red Peascod.

White Prune. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 228. 1909.

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; not yet introduced. Fruit long-oval, yellow, partly over-spread with red; bloom thick, conspicuous; skin thick, tough, acrid; flesh very firm, meaty, sweetish; good; freestone.

White Queen. Domestica. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 7:95, Pl. 1859. 2. Mas Le Verger 6:101, fig. 1866-73. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 721. 1884. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889. 5. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:42, 43. 1899.

Neue Weisse Kaiserin 4. Prune Reine Blanche 1. Reine Blanche 2, 3. Reine Blanche 2, 4. Reine Blanche de Galopin 4. Weisse Königin 2. Weisse Königin 4.

Raised by M. Galopin, a nurseryman of Liege, Belgium, about 1844; introduced into America by the United States Department of Agriculture about 1890. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, roundish-ovate, flattened at the ends, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with red; suture shallow; cavity shallow, wide; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic; good; stone small, oval, clinging; late.

White Sweet Damson. Insititia. 1. Mag. Hort. 6:123. 1840.

Originated as a seedling in Essex County, New York, sometime previous to 1840.

White Wheat. Insititia. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Knoop Fructologie 2:63. 1771.

Spilling Jaune-simple 2. White Wheate 1.

A yellow variety of the Wheat plum of Europe. Fruit small, oval, yellow; fair quality.

White Virginal. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:73. 1831. 2. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846. 3. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. 306. 1854. 4. Bridgeman Gard. Ass’t 130. 1857. 5. Mas Le Verger 6:129. 1866-73. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889. 7. Guide Prat. 158, 367. 1895.

Altesse Blanche? 6, 7. Double Beurre Witte? 6, 7. Peach 3. Précoce 7. Prune Précoce? 6. Prune Virginale 2. Virginal à gros fruit blanc 1. Virginal blanc 1. Virginale 4. Virginale à Fruit Blanc 6, 7. Virginale à gros fruit blanc 5, 6, 7. Virginal Blanche 6. Virginale blanche 3, 5, 7. Virgin 6. White Virginal 4. White Virginale 6. Weisse Jungfernpflaume 6. Weisse Jungfernpflaume 5, 7.

A variety confused by Downing with the Red Virginal. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture a line; greenish-yellow; bloom heavy; flesh pale greenish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Whyte. Nigra. 1. Can. Exp. Farm. Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:57. 1900. 2. Ibid. 43:39. 1903.

Whyte’s Red Seedling 1.

Grown by R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Canada; under test at the Central Experimental Farm, under the name “Whyte R. B., No. 3.” Fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture a line; apex rounded; deep red; dots and bloom lacking; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone long, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Whitley. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 731. 1884.

Whitley’s 1.

Fruit below medium size, round; suture faint; stem on a slight elevation, of medium length, slender; red with yellow dots, darker on the side next the sun; flesh yellow with white veins, juicy, sweet and well flavored; clingstone; late.

Wier. Americana. 1. Am. Gard. 13:460. 1892. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:45, 86. 1892. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:63. 1897.

Wier Large Red 1. Wier’s Large Red 2, 3.

Originated by D. B. Wier of Illinois; resembles Miner, but is no better than that variety. Fruit large, round; skin thin, red; flesh yellow, moderately firm; fair to good; clingstone.

Wier No. 50. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:63. 1897.

Wier’s No. 50, 1, 2.

From D. B. Wier of Illinois. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, bears annually; fruit large, round, dark red over yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Wilde. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 7:402. 1852. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 953. 1869.

Wilde’s 1.

Raised by a Mr. Comack from a stone brought from Italy by R. H. Wilde. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, oval-oblong, greenish-yellow; flesh yellowish-green, firm, dry, sweet; clingstone; early.

Wilder. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:78. 1892. 2. Terry Cat. 1899. 3. Ala. Coll. Sta. Bul. 112:178. 1900. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 175. 1901.

Col. Wilder 1, 2. Colonel Wilder 4. President Wilder 3.

Wilder was grown from seed of Wild Goose in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; skin firm, dark red; bloom thin; dots distinct; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality good; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.

Wild Goose Improved. Munsoniana. 1. Stark Cat. 29. 1910.

An improved strain of Wild Goose introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910.

Wildrose. Americana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 134. 1887. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:45, 86. 1892. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:64. 1897.

A wild seedling found in Minnesota; introduced in 1880 by A. W. Sias, Rochester, Minnesota. Fruit large, round, yellow blushed with red; flesh firm; clingstone; early to mid-season.

Wilkinson. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 400. 1857.

Tree vigorous; branches smooth, rather slender; fruit of medium size, oval, slightly necked; skin reddish-purple; bloom thick; stalk medium, set in a small cavity; flesh dark yellow, firm, sweet, not rich; semi-clinging; late.

Willamette. Domestica.

For a discussion of this plum see the Pacific.

Williams. Nigra? 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Ibid. 15. 1897. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:64. 1897.

Tree vigorous, healthy, moderately productive; fruit large, oblong, pointed, red; clingstone; early.

Wilmeth Late. Species? 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:490. 1894.

Noticed in the preceding reference as on trial.

Wilson. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:64. 1897.

Noted in the preceding reference as a very early fine plum.

Wine Plum. Domestica. 1. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 237. 1817. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:101. 1832.

Much like the Yellow Egg in appearance but smaller, oblong, pale green; stem long; flesh rich, juicy and well flavored; early.

Winesour. Insititia. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:101. 1832. 3. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 294, 383. 1846. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:17. 1873. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889. 6. Guide Prat. 163, 367. 1895.

Rotherham 3, 5, 6. Sauere Weinpflaume 4. Sauere Wein Pflaume Von Yorkshire 5, 6. Sour Wine Plum of Yorkshire 5, 6. Vineuse acidule 4, 5. Vineuse-Acidule 6. Vinisour 6. Weinsauerliche Pflaume 5. Weinsauerliche Zwetsche 4, 6. Winesour 6. Winesour Plum 5. Yorkshire Winesour 5, 6.

An old English variety from Rotherham in Yorkshire, where it is highly esteemed for making preserves. Fruit of the Damson type, small, oval; stem one-half inch long; dark purple; dots dark colored; flesh greenish-yellow, sometimes tinged with red towards the stone, sour; stone long, slender, pointed, clinging; late.

Winnebago. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 286. 1887. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:64. 1897. 3. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:47. 1898.

From Minnesota; tree vigorous, rigid and thorny, moderately productive; fruit medium in size, round, irregular; stem long, slender; cavity deep; yellow overspread with deep red; skin thin; flesh yellowish, soft, of inferior flavor; stone elliptical, somewhat oblique, rather flat, rounded at both ends, clinging; mid-season.

Winter Creke. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629.

Noted by Parkinson as very late.

Winter Damson. Insititia. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 146. 1831. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:89. 1832. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 297. 1845. 4. Hooper W. Fr. Book 244. 1857. 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:145. 1873.

Black Damson 3. Blue Damson 2. Blue Damascene 2. Common Blue Damson 2. Common Damson 3. Damas d’Hiver 5. Damson 2. Damson 2, 3. Damson Winter 4. Early Damson 3. Late Damson 2. Late Purple Damson 2. Purple Damson 3. Purple Winter Damson 2. Winter Damson 2, 5.

Mas thought that this variety originated in America, but since it was first noted in England it is probably an importation to the New World from that country. Downing distinguished it from the common Damson by its extreme lateness. Tree medium in size; fruit roundish, small; suture a line; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, acid, with a slight astringency; good for preserving; clingstone.

Wiseman. Domestica. Mentioned in Wild Bros. Cat. 1908.

Wiseman’s Prune.

Wohanka. Triflora × Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108. 1908.

A hybrid between De Soto and Red June grown by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station who considers it worthy of trial.

Wolf and Japan. Triflora × Americana mollis. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 424. 1905.

Listed with a number of plums which were tested by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois.

Wolf Clingstone. Americana mollis. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:18. 1901. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:13. 1905.

Clingstone Wolf. Wolf Cling 1.

Propagated and sent out in many cases as the true Wolf which it much resembles except that it is darker in color and is a clingstone. It seems to be more resistant to diseases and insects than Wolf.

Woolston. Domestica. 1. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:53. 1855. 2. Horticulturist 13:168. 1858. 3. Mas Le Verger 6:153, fig. 77. 1866-73. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889. 5. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 433. 1905.

Reine-Claude de Woolston 5. Reine-Claude Noire de Woolston 3. Woolston Black 4. Woolston Black Gage 1. Woolston Gage 2. Woolston’s Black Gage 3, 4. Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude 4.

Raised by a Mr. Dowling of Southampton, England. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish, purplish-black; suture not pronounced; cavity deep and wide; stem medium in length, slender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, sugary, tender, aromatic; very good; freestone; mid-season.

Wooster. Munsoniana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:65. 1897.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as not being hardy in Minnesota.

Wooten. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:65. 1892. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 492. 1897. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 191. 1901.

Wootton 2.

Wooten was found growing wild in Burnet County, Texas, in 1876, by F. T. Ramsey; introduced by A. N. Ramsey & Son. Fruit oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

Worth. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 7. 1902-3.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Nebraska; named and introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1902. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round-oblong, purplish-red on a greenish-yellow ground; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Wragg. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit very large, yellow blotched with dark red; flesh yellow, firm, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Wragg Freestone. Species? 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:18. 1901.

Received by the Wisconsin Experiment Station from Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit medium to small, roundish, dark purplish-red with numerous elongated yellowish markings; bloom heavy; stem long, slender; skin tender, not harsh; flesh greenish-yellow, crisp, very rich but harsh near the center; stone round, grooved, semi-clinging.

Wunder von New York. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889.

Merville de New York.

Wyandotte. Species? 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 290. 1889.

Professor Budd of Iowa mentioned this plum as hardy and as bearing continuously.

Wyant and Japan. Triflora × Americana. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 420. 1905.

Mentioned in a list of varieties under test by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois. Said to be a hybrid seedling; fruit light red; fair quality; freestone; mid-season.

Wyckoff. Munsoniana. 1. Linn County Nur. Cat.

Wyckoff was found growing wild along the Cedar River, Iowa, by a Mr. Wyckoff; introduced by Snyder Brothers, Center Point, Iowa.

Wyedale. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 732. 1884. 2. Garden 58:395. 1900. 3. Thompson Gard. Ass’t 4:159. 1901.

From Yorkshire, England; much grown in the northern parts of England. Tree very productive, strong and upright in growth; fruit small, oval; cavity small; dark purple, almost black; flesh greenish-yellow, brisk, juicy, agreeably flavored; clingstone; late.

Wyzerka. Domestica. 1. Kan. Sta. Bul. 73:191. 1897. 2. Ibid. 101:121, Pl. 6 fig. 1. 1901. 3. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 328. 1903.

Wiezerka 1, 2.

Wyzerka is one of the numerous Russian varieties imported by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station. There seems to have been some confusion in the distribution of this plum, for Budd and Hansen, in reference three, describe Wyzerka as a large, oval, yellow plum with a fine peach-like flavor; the variety sent to this Station under this name bears a small, purplish-black, Damson-like fruit, long-oval in form, cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bloom very heavy; flesh yellow, juicy, slightly fibrous, sweet, mild; flavor good; stone oval, small, free; mid-season.

Yates. Triflora × Angustifolia varians. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:22. 1898. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:275. 1901.

From seed of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated with Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates, 1897. Tree thrifty, healthy; fruit large, roundish, red when fully ripe; clingstone; mid-season.

Yellow Americana. Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

Yellow Egg. Species? 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:66. 1897.

Goff mentions a variety under this name which differs from the older plum of the same name. Tree of weeping habit, productive; fruit long; freestone.

Yellow, 43 Fischer. Domestica. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 18. 1889.

Introduced into this country from Russia by Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa.

Yellow Impératrice. Domestica. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 55, Pl. 1853. 2. Pom. France 7: No. 11. 1871. 3. Mas Le Verger 6:113, fig. 1866-73. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 732. 1884. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 431. 1889. 6. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 461. 1906.

Altesse Blanche 4, 5. D’Altesse Blanche 6. De Monsieur Jaune 3. Gelbe Herrn Pflaume 5. Impératrice Jaune 3, ?5. Jaune de Monsieur 2. Jaune de Monsieur 5, 6. Monsieur à Fruits Jaune 4, 5. Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes 3. Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes 5, 6. Monsieur Jaune 6. Prune de Monsieur Jaune 5. Prune de Monsieur Jaune 1. Prune de Monsieur, Varietè Jaune 5. Prune Monsieur Jaune 2. Prune d’Altesse Blanche 2, 5. Virginale Blanche 4, ?5. Yellow Impératrice ?3, 5.

M. Jacquin, nurseryman of Paris, France, obtained this plum from seed of a cross between the Orleans and the Reine Claude planted about 1820; brought to notice in 1845. Mas considered Hogg’s and Downing’s Yellow Impératrice as different from the French variety. Tree medium in vigor; fruit medium in size, usually roundish-oval; suture broad; halves unequal; skin not adhering, golden-yellow, dotted and streaked with carmine-red; flesh yellow, juicy, very sweet and aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

Yellow Imperial. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:59. 1832.

Imperial jaune 1. Impériale jaune 1.

Described by Prince as distinct from Yellow Egg which it much resembles but differing in that it is somewhat smaller, about two weeks earlier and slightly more acid.

Yellow Jack. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831.

Yellow Jerusalem. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 732. 1884. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 436. 1889.

Jahns Gelbe Jerusalems Pflaume 2. Jahn’s Jerusalems Pflaume 2. Jerusalem Jaune 1, 2. Jahn’s Gelbe Jerusalems-pflaume 1. Yellow Jerusalem 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity deep; deep yellow with crimson specks next the sun; flesh yellow, with white veins, tender, juicy, brisk, sweet, very good; clingstone; mid-season.

Yellow Magnum Bonum. Domestica. 1. Jour. Hort. N. S. 17:228. 1869.

According to the preceding reference this variety is distinct from the Yellow Egg (White Magnum Bonum). Fruit medium in size, oval, dull yellow sprinkled with red dots; rich; clingstone; young shoots smooth.

Yellow Nagate. Triflora. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 106. 1891. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:57. 1900.

A little known Triflora very closely resembling if not identical with some of the standard yellow Trifloras.

Yellow Oregon. Hortulana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:66. 1897. 2. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 11:287. 1898.

Described by Waugh from specimens received by him from B. A. Matthews, Iowa. Fruit small, nearly spherical; suture a faint line; bright golden-yellow; dots many, whitish; skin thick and strong; flesh yellow and not very firm; quality medium; stone large, smooth, clinging; inferior in size and quality to Captain or Cumberland.

Yellow Panhandle. Angustifolia watsoni. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:66. 1897. 2. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits 222, 223. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 234. 1901. 4. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:285. 1904.

A variety from the Panhandle of Texas; introduced by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas. Tree forms a close symmetrical head; fruit small, roundish-oblong, yellow overspread with clear bright red; dots few, indistinct; skin tough; flesh yellow, hard; quality poor; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging.

Yellow Roman Bullace. Insititia. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 144. 1831.

Yellow Sweet. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:46. 1892. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:47. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 168. 1901.

Thought to have originated in Minnesota. Tree small; fruit large, round inclining to oblong; suture distinct; stem short and stout; yellow more or less mottled and shaded with red; bloom thin; flesh firm, juicy, rich, sweet; good; stone round, flat, clinging.

Yellow Transparent. Angustifolia varians. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 162. 1881. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 25. 1897. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 113:156. 1899. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 200. 1901.

Transparent 4 incor. Transparent Yellow 2.

Selected from a seedling orchard of two thousand trees planted near Denison, Texas, by J. L. Freeman. Tree vigorous, forming a handsome top, productive; fruit medium in size, oblong, bright yellow; skin thin and tough, reported to crack badly in some localities; flesh soft and watery, sweet and good; clingstone; early.

Yellow Wildgoose. Munsoniana? 1. Van Lindley Cat. 42. 1899.

Said to have been introduced by R. Bates of Jackson, South Carolina. Fruit large, equal in size to Wild Goose with better quality; ripens at the same time.

Yellow Yosemite. Species? 1. Gard. Mon. 20:176. 1878. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 118:52, 55. 1895.

Yosemite 1. Yosemite Yellow 2.

Yellow Yosemite came from the “Rocky Mountains” about 1870 with the Purple Yosemite; introduced by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, New York. Fruit roundish; suture a line; skin thick, tough, yellow, with reddish tinge; flesh yellow, sweet, tender; stone roundish-ovate, clinging; mid-season.

Yohe. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 954. 1869.

Yohes Eagle 1.

Noticed by Downing who says it is an accidental seedling in the garden of Caleb Yohe, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

York State Prune. Domestica. 1. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 504, 505. 1897. 2. Greene Cat. 1897. 3. Sweet Cat. 13. 1897. 4. W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 44:92. 1899.

Large German Prune 3. York State Prune 3.

A seedling grown near Dansville, New York. As tested at this Station and by many fruit-growers it is identical with Italian Prune.

Young. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 955. 1869.

Young’s Seedling 1.

From Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, deep reddish-purple; flesh yellow, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

Yukon. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 426. 1900.

A seedling grown at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; skin thick; good; early.

Yuteca. Species? 1. Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

South Dakota No. 8 1.

A very early ripening seedling of some native plum grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; sent out in 1907.

Zahlbruckner Damascene. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889.

Zahlbruckner’s Violette Damascene.

Zekanta. Species? 1. Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

A large yellow seedling of some native plum grown and introduced by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.

Zucchetta Gialla. Species? Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889.

Zulu. Species? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:230. 1899.

Grown by Luther Burbank who says in regard to its parentage “It is a mystery, being three or four generations from innumerable crosses, and resembles no other known species or variety.” Fruit medium in size, round or somewhat oblate; suture shallow; cavity broad, open; stem short, strong; very dark dull red, almost black; dots many, minute, whitish; bloom thick; skin thin and tender; flesh firm, juicy, red, rich and sweet; quality good to best; stone medium large, rounded, only slightly flattened, clinging.

Zuzac. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat. 25. 1897.

Similar in appearance to Townsend.

Zwergpflaume. Domestica. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:35, Tab. 183 fig. 2. 1796.

Die kleine Zwergpflaume 1. Prune nain 1.

Tree low; leaves lance-shaped, short-stemmed; flowers small, fragrant; petals long, not widely opened; fruit hanging on a long stem, the size and appearance of a cherry except that it is more elongated; pleasant; sometimes sourish and flat.

Zwetsche Professor Wittmack. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889.

Referenced by Mathieu from Garten-flora 142. 1888.

Zwetsche Von der Worms. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 368. 1895.

Grosse Blaue Zwetsche Von der Worms 1, 2. Quetsche Grosse Blaue de la Worms 1, 2.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval, bluish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm; mid-season.