Chapter IV · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF PLUMS (continued 3)

Plums from at least two and possibly three species are known as the “Horse Plum.” In New York the Horse Plum used by nurserymen as a stock is undoubtedly Prunus cerasifera. The plum referred to by Waugh, in the preceding reference, is a variety of Prunus domestica. It is difficult to determine the species referred to by the older writers, but from the frequency with which the word Damson appears as a synonym, it would seem that some at least had in mind Prunus insititia.

The Horse plum brought into this country by the early Dutch or French settlers, propagated by seedlings or suckers was probably an Insititia. During the first half of the last century, this plum was extensively raised in this State and large quantities were sold in the New York market. It is described as follows:—

Fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; reddish-purple; flesh greenish, firm, sweet, dry; poor; usually freestone; mid-season.

Horse Jag. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 148. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:164. 1843.

Horse Gage 1, 2.

Fruit small, round or slightly oval, red; stone clinging; mid-season.

Hoskins. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:42. 1897. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 110. 1899. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:275. 1900.

Originated by a Mr. Hoskins of Pleasant Plain, Jefferson County, Iowa; and introduced by J. Wragg and Sons, Waukee, Iowa, in 1899. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, yellow; skin thin, tough; freestone; mid-season.

Houston County. Species? Mentioned in Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892.

How Amber. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 12:398, 399 fig. 1846. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 419. 1854. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 384. 1857.

How’s Amber 1, 2, 3.

A seedling selected from several hundred brought from New Hampshire and grown by Hall J. How of South Boston in 1838. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; amber, spotted and mottled with rose; flesh coarsely veined, yellow, melting, juicy, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Howard. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 1:316. 1853. 2. Ibid. 3:20. 1855. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:185. 1873.

Howard’s Favorite 1, 2. Howard’s Favorite 3. Favorite d’Howard 3.

A seedling of unknown parentage produced by Elisha Dorr, Albany, New York. Fruit large, necked, yellow, dotted and shaded with carmine; stem very adherent; skin thick; flesh coarse, sweet, rich; clingstone; mid-season.

Howe. Triflora ×? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 248. 1903. 2. Griffing Bros. Cat. 1906. 3. Ibid. 1909.

Stumpe 3. Stumpy 1.

A seedling of Kelsey grown in the yard of a Mrs. Stumpe, Putnam County, Florida; introduced by Griffing Brothers in 1906. Fruit large, roundish, red; bloom delicate; suture a line; skin thin, leathery; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; good; stone small, oval, clinging; early.

Howell. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 302. 1845. 2. Horticulturist 7:402. 1852. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 921. 1869.

Chapin’s Early 3. Early Purple 2, 3. Howell’s Early 1. Sea 2. Sea 3.

This variety derives its name from B. Howell of Newburgh, New York, who brought the original tree from Virginia as a sucker. It was supposed to have been introduced into the Southern States by cions from Germany. Tree of slow growth; fruit below medium, oval; suture indistinct; red; flesh juicy, rich, sweet; good; freestone; very early.

Hoyo Smomo. Triflora. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 62:23. 1894.

A name used by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana; probably a synonym.

H. T. S. 84,761. Species? 1. Rural N. Y. 61:674. 1902.

One of Burbank’s plums. Fruit large, yellow with crimson blush; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, vinous, juicy; clingstone; a good shipper.

Huankume. Triflora. 1. N. Mex. Sta. Bul. 39:122. 1901.

Reported from New Mexico as weak in growth; fruit small, roundish, downy; yellowish-red; slightly acid; clingstone; resembles the apricot in flavor and appearance.

Hudson Gage. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 277. 1845. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 365. 1866. 3. Guide Prat. 163, 364. 1895.

Hudson 2. Hudson 3. Hudson Gage 2, 3. Hudson’s gelbe Frühpflaume 3. Reine-Claude d’Hudson 3.

Hudson Gage is one of several good varieties originated by L. V. Lawrence of Hudson New York. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture slight; yellow, obscurely streaked with green; bloom thin; flesh greenish, juicy, melting, sprightly; good; freestone; early; placed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1877.

Hughes. Munsoniana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 166. 1885. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 195-6. 1901. 3. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:275. 1904.

Originated in northeastern Mississippi where it is said to be one of the best of its species. Fruit of medium size, roundish; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; bright red, striped with yellow; dots large, white; skin thin; flesh yellow, fibrous, watery, sprightly, subacid quality fair; stone of medium size, turgid, clinging; late.

Hungarian Musk Prune. Domestica. 1. Guide Prat. 158, 363. 1895. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 432. 1905.

Basilic 1. Musquée de Besztercze 1. Proune bissioque (Roumanie) 1. Quetsche musquée de Hongrie 1.

Hungarian Musk Prune is very similar to the German Prune; fruit of medium size, necked; cavity small; suture shallow; deep purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, musky, aromatic; stone small, free; mid-season.

Hungarian No. 1. Domestica. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 31:349. 1895.

J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station received this plum from Europe with sprouts of his Ungarish. Fruit of medium size, prune-shape, bright yellow; freestone.

Hungarian No. 2. Domestica. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890.

Imported by J. L. Budd from Russia; of little value.

Hunn. Triflora. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 139:43. 1897. 2. Ibid. 175:147. 1899.

Burbank No. 1 1, 2.

A small, round plum named for C. E. Hunn of the New York State College of Agriculture; apex pointed; suture shallow; deep red; dots many, yellow; flesh soft, yellow, aromatic; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Hunt. Munsoniana × Americana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1897. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:275. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 153. 1901.

Originated about 1880 by Henry Hunt, De Soto, Dallas County, Iowa, from seed of Wild Goose probably pollinated by the De Soto, trees of which stood near. It was supposed at one time that Lombard was the male parent but no traces of Domestica blood can be detected in either tree or fruit; introduced in 1897 by M. J. Graham, Odel, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; dark red; bloom heavy; dots large, conspicuous; skin thin, not astringent; flesh yellow, firm, mild; quality fair; stone large, ovate, winged.

Hunt De Soto. Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:20. 1905.

Hunt’s De Soto 1.

Introduced by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station; closely resembles De Soto, differing from it in being a little larger, darker red and a better keeper.

Ida. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:38. 1892. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:37. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 153. 1901.

Originated with D. B. Wier of Illinois. Tree very thorny, of slow, irregular growth; fruit medium, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; stem medium, stout, dull; red over yellow; bloom thick; skin thick; flesh pale yellow; quality fair; stone roundish, rather flat, clinging; mid-season.

Ida Green Gage. Domestica. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 212. 1849.

A seedling of Reine Claude originating near Mount Ida, New York. It very closely resembles its parent except that it is more strongly blushed and is a few days later; obsolete.

Idall. Munsoniana × Hortulana mineri. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:56. 1892. 2. Am. Gard. 19:234. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 173. 1901.

Idal 2. Idol 1. Idol 1, 2.

According to the originator, D. B. Wier, of Illinois, the Idall is a cross between Wild Goose and Miner. Fruit large, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; red; dots many; skin tough; flesh yellow; good; stone of medium size, oval, clinging; late.

Imperial. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:276. 1900.

A small plum of the De Soto type brought to notice by C. B. Ginrich, Laporte, Iowa. Fruit round, conical; cavity broad, deep; suture a line; yellow with red markings; bloom thin; flesh clear yellow, firm, brisk, acid; good; clingstone.

Impériale Alexandrina. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 436. 1889.

Impériale de Milan. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 365. 1866. 3. Mas Le Verger 6:67. 1866-73.

Mailändische Kaiserpflaume 3. Prune de Milan 2, 3.

Originated near the city of Milan, Italy. Tree large, vigorous, spreading; fruit medium, oval; suture distinct; stem short, rather thick; skin tough, dark purple; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; good; usually freestone; mid-season.

Imperial Ottoman. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831. 2. Horticulturist 1:11 fig. 1846. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 413. 1854. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:137. 1873. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 442. 1889.

Impériale de Turquie 4. Impériale Ottomane 5. Imperial Ottoman 3, 4, 5. Ottoman 3. Ottomanische Kaiserpflaume 5. Ottomanische Kaiserpflaume 4. Türkische Gelbe Pflaume 5.

Supposed to have been brought into this country from Turkey by William Prince. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, roundish-oval; suture indistinct; stem of medium length, slender; greenish-yellow, clouded and mottled with darker shades; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone; very early.

Imperial Purple. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 923. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:45. 1873.

Imperial Purple 2. Pourprée Impérial 2.

Raised by William Prince, Flushing, Long Island. Tree vigorous, productive, fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture barely indicated; stem of medium length, slender; intense purple; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet; clingstone; mid-season.

Imperial Violet. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:99. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:33, Tab. 181 fig. 1. 1796. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:60. 1832. 4. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:497. 1860.

Die violete Kaiserpflaume mit scheckichten Blattern 2. Impériale à Petit Fruit Violet 4. Impériale Violette à feuilles panachees 1. Impériale violette à feuilles panachees 2, 3.

A variety with variegated leaves and fruit, cultivated as an ornamental.

Imperial Washington. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 25:204. 1870.

A seedling of Lombard grown by G. P. Peffer of Pewaukee, Wisconsin. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, roundish, slightly oblate; suture faint; cavity lacking or small; brownish-red; dots yellow; skin thin, tender; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, rich; late.

Improved French Prune. Domestica. 1. Coates Cat. 1908.

Miller 1.

A seedling of Agen grown by Luther Burbank and sold in 1898 under the name Miller to Leonard Coates, Morganhill, California, who introduced it under the name given above about 1908. Very similar to its parent but larger and more uniform in size.

Incomparable. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 924. 1869. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.

Incomparable 2. Incomparable Prune 1. Nonpareil 1, 2. Unvergleichliche 2.

Probably a seedling of the German Prune. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture shallow; cavity small; deep purplish-black; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, sweet; good; clingstone; late.

Indian. Domestica. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:36, Tab. 186 fig. 1. 1796.

Die grosse indianische braunrothe Pflaume 1. Grosse prune d’Inde rouge 1.

Fruit large, obovate, brownish-red; suture distinct; flesh yellow, firm; good; obsolete.

Indiana. Hortulana mineri. 1. Mich. Sta. Rpt. 111. 1887. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:56, 86. 1892. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 173. 1901.

Indiana Red 3. Indiana Red 1, 2.

Supposed to have been found wild in Indiana; introduced by Dr. I. Cramer. Tree tender in severe climates; fruit medium in size, oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; red; bloom thin; dots minute, small; flesh yellow, firm; quality fair; stone large; oval, clinging; season late.

Indian Chief. Munsoniana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 36. 1875. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:49, 86. 1892. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 186. 1901.

A southern variety of which the place of origin is not certainly known; Munson says southern Texas, Onderdonk thinks Georgia, others consider Arkansas as its birthplace. Tree vasiform, open; leaves short, broad, finely serrate; petiole short, glandular; fruit of medium size, oval; stem short, slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; dots numerous, white; bright red; skin thick; flesh yellow, melting, insipid; poor; stone long-oval, flattened, clinging; early.

Inkpa. Americana × Simonii. Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

Inkpa is a cross between Prunus simonii and Prunus americana made by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station, who introduced the variety in 1910.

Iola. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892.

Originated by D. B. Wier, Illinois. Fruit large, oblong, yellow covered with red; flesh firm; freestone; late.

Iona. Hortulana mineri. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:39. 1892. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 490. 1897. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 153. 1901.

Originated with D. B. Wier, from seed taken from a wild bush in southwestern Wisconsin. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; quality fair; freestone; late.

Iowa. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:43. 1897. 2. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 411. 1899. 3. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:20. 1905. From Allamakee County, Iowa. Fruit medium, oval; red over yellow; skin astringent; early.

Iowa Beauty. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1898. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 111. 1899. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:276. 1900.

Taken from the woods about 1860 by Hugo Beyer, New London, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oval, mottled yellow; flesh melting, juicy, sweet; good; early.

Irby. Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 11:284. 1898. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 181. 1901. 3. Tex. Nur. Cat. 1907.

Erby September 1, 2. Irby September 3.

Found by Dan Irby of Texas growing on the grounds of an old Indian settlement. Fruit of medium size, bright red; late; similar to Wayland.

Ireland. Domestica. 1. Can. Hort. 21:391. 1898. Ireland’s Seedling 1.

Fruit of medium size, dark blue; stem slender; cavity deep; suture distinct; flesh green, tender, juicy; good; early.

Ireland Golden. Domestica. 1. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 3:120. 1896.

Ireland’s Golden Gage 1.

Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; good; early.

Irene. Hortulana mineri. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 154. 1901.

Originated by D. B. Wier, Illinois. Fruit of medium size, oval; bright red; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm; clingstone; late.

Iris. Hortulana mineri. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:56. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 173. 1901.

Originated and introduced by D. B. Wier of Illinois. Fruit medium in size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; poor; clingstone; late.

Ironclad. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:38. 1892. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:275. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 154. 1901.

Illinois Ironclad 1, 2. Illinois Ironclad 3.

A wild variety from Illinois introduced by Stark Brothers in 1890. Tree dwarf; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; stem slender; cavity of medium depth, flaring; suture shallow; dots many, small, yellow; dark red; bloom thick; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm, meaty, sweet; quality fair; stone oval, smooth, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Iroquois. Hortulana mineri? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:39. 1903.

From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit of medium size, roundish-heart-shaped; cavity narrow; suture a line; dark red; dots numerous, small, yellow; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging.

Isaac. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 154. 1901.

Brought to notice by M. S. Hubbell from a wild tree near Lincoln, Nebraska. Fruit small, roundish, red over a green ground; clingstone.

Isabella. Domestica. 1. Pom. Mag. 3:150. 1830. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 305. 1845. 3. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:93, Pl. 1858. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 366. 1866. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 436. 1889.

Die Isabelle 5. Prune Isabelle 3.

An English variety popular sixty-five years ago; said to produce three crops a year. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; deep, dull red, paler in the shade; dots many, dark colored; flesh yellow, rich, juicy, brisk; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Isabella. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1900. 2. Terry Cat. 1900

Originated with H. A. Terry, Iowa, in 1893. Tree low, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; dark red on a yellow ground; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Isle-Verte. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 68, 70. 1699. 2. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:107. 1768. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:94. 1832. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:39. 1873.

Grosse Grüne Pflaume 4. Grüne Inselpflaume 4. Ilevert 2, 4. Ile Vert 3. Ile verte 3. Ille verte 3. Illvert 1. Inselpflaume Grüne 4. Isle Vert 3. Isle Verte 2. Prune de Savoye 3. Prune Ileverte 4. Savoy 3.

Tree very prolific; fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; stem of medium length; skin yellowish-green, reddish on the sunny side; flesh clear yellow, juicy, sweet; clingstone; used for preserves and pickles.

Italian Damask. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:75. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:42, Tab. 195 fig. 1. 1796. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:83. 1832. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 302. 1845. 5. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1846. 6. Hogg Fruit Man. 366. 1866. 7. Guide Prat. 157, 353. 1895.

Damas d’Italie 1, 7. Damas d’Italie 2, 3, 4, 6. Die wälsche Damascenerpflaume 2. Prune Damas d’Italie 5. Prunus italica 5.

Supposed to have originated in Italy. Tree productive, doing especially well in the South; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture distinct; dark purple; bloom heavy; dots small, light; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, firm, sweet; good; stone thick, free; mid-season.

Italienische Damascene (Diel’s). Species? Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 436. 1889.

Damas d’Italie.

Italienische Damascene (Liegel’s). Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 436. 1889.

Damas d’Italie.

Itasca. Nigra. 1. Mich. Sta. An. Rpt. 111. 1887. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:39. 1892. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 171. 1901.

Itaska 1, 2.

An inferior variety from Minnesota; introduced by P. M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minnesota, and W. F. Heikes, Huntsville, Alabama. Tree dense and stocky; fruit of medium size, oblong, dull purple-red; skin thick; flesh firm; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Ithaca. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892.

Supposed to have originated with Peter M. Gideon, Minnesota.

Ivason. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897.

From Iowa. Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish, purplish-red; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Ives. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 15:118. 1849. 2. Cole Am. Fr. Book 211. 1849. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 214. 1856. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 924. 1869.

Ive’s Seedling 1, 4. Ive’s Washington 4. Ives’ Washington Seedling 3. Washington Seedling 2.

A seedling of Washington raised by J. M. Ives of Salem, Massachusetts; named by C. M. Hovey; first fruited in 1845. Tree very vigorous; fruit large, roundish-oblong; distinct suture; skin yellow, mottled and dotted with red; bloom thin; stem short and slender; flesh amber, melting, rich; excellent; stone medium, ovate, free.

Ives. Insititia. 1. Am. Gard. 14:148. 1893.

Ives Damson 1.

Grown locally in southern Connecticut. Tree productive; fruit purple, sour; clingstone; unusually late.

J. H. Rue. Species? 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:43. 1897.

First noted by J. L. Budd of Iowa. Tree productive; fruit the size of Stoddard; flesh firm.

J. Parks. Species? 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 420. 1905.

Fruit small, light red; flesh meaty, firm; good; freestone; not troubled with rot.

Jacinthe. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:100, Pl. XVI. 1768. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:28, Tab. 173 fig. 2. 1796. 3. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 238. 1817. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:94. 1832. 5. Mas Le Verger 6:123. 1866-73.

Die Hyacinthenpflaume 2. Hyacinth 4. Hyacinthe Pflaume 5. Jacinthe 2. Prune Jacinthe 5.

An old variety imported from England by William Coxe. Fruit large, elongated; suture indistinct; clear purple; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; good; stone oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Jacob. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 925. 1869.

Described only by Downing. Fruit of medium size, oval, necked, sides unequal; suture large; violet; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

Jap No. 4. Americana × Triflora. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:276. 1900. 2. Ibid. 114:138. 1910.

Japan Hybrid No. 4 2.

A seedling from De Soto pollinated with some Japanese variety; sent out by the Iowa Experiment Station about 1895. Fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture distinct; mottled red over a yellow ground; dots none; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, sweet; good; freestone.

Japan No. 1. Americana × Triflora. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899.

A hybrid grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.

Japan No. 3. Americana × Triflora. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899.

Another of Mr. Terry’s hybrids.

Japan Hybrid No. 2. (a). Americana × Triflora. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 114:137. 1910.

One of a number of hybrids produced by the late J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station. This one is of the Americana type; fruit medium in size, oval, dark red over yellow; flesh yellow, tender, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

Japan Hybrid No. 2 (b). Americana × Triflora. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 114:138. 1910.

From the same lot of hybrids as Japan Hybrid No. 2 (a). Fruit resembles Prunus americana; large, oval, red over yellow; skin thick, tough, bitter; flesh juicy, coarse, pulpy, sweet; fair in quality; mid-season.

Japanese Plum Seedling. Triflora. 1. Am. Gard. 14:515. 1893.

A seedling from Luther Burbank produced by pollinating Kelsey with Satsuma. Outwardly resembles Kelsey; flesh red, pleasant, juicy, meaty; vinous; stone small, clinging.

Jaspisartige Pflaume. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 436. 1889.

Lieflandische Grüne Zwetsche. Weisse Violen Pflaume.

Jaune d’Este. Domestica. 1. Flor. & Pom. 186. 1872.

Jean d’Este 1.

An old variety deserving of notice because of its earliness.

Jaune Tardive. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d. Ser 3:53. 1900. 2. Baltet Cult. Fr. 491. 1908.

Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, oval, amber-yellow; flesh sweet; good.

Jaune Tres Hâtive Baboud. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:52. 1900.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; clear yellow; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; freestone; very early.

Jean Morceau. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831.

A variety grown at one time in the London Horticultural Society gardens.

Jennie Lucas. Angustifolia varians. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 160, 162. 1881. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 196. 1901. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

Jennie Lucas is a seedling grown by G. Onderdonk, Mission Valley Nurseries, Victoria County, Texas; introduced by the originator in 1875. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; dots numerous, large, white; light yellow; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft, sweetish; quality fair; stone large, round, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

Jerusalem. Domestica. 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 27. 1828. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:95. 1832. 3. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846. 4. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:497. 1860. 5. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 926. 1869. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 433. 1889. 7. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 471. 1894. 8. Guide Prat. 163, 367. 1895.

Blaue Eierpflaume 6, 8. De Bordeaux 1, 2, 5. De Jerusalem 4. Jerusalem 6. Oeil de Boeuf 1, 2, 4, 5. Oeuil-de-Boeuf 6. Prune de Bordeaux 6. Prune de Jerusalem 3. Prune Violet de Jerusalem 5. Prunier de Jerusalem 2, 5, 6. Violette de Jerusalem 6. Violette Jerusalem 5. Violette Jerusalems pflaume 6. Violette Jerusalemspflaume 7. Wahre blaue Eierpflaume 6, 8.

The tree and fruit of this variety resemble the German Prune of which it is probably an offspring. Fruit large, oval; suture a line; dark purple; flesh yellowish, prune-like, firm, sweet; good; stone long, flat, free; mid-season.

Jessie. Americana. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 263. 1892. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 154. 1901.

A seedling introduced from the wild by the Martin Nursery Company, Winfield, Kansas, about 1892. Tree productive, vigorous, suckers badly; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; wine-red; flesh yellow, melting, fibrous, slightly subacid; good; clingstone; early.

Jewell. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:14. 1901. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 186. 1901.

A seedling of Wild Goose from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1885. Fruit of medium size, round; cavity shallow; suture indistinct; red over a yellow ground; bloom light; dots numerous; skin thin, not adherent to the pulp; flesh yellow, tender; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Jodoigne. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 367. 1866. 2. Ibid. 708. 1884. 3. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 472. 1894.

Boulouf ?1. Jodoigne Green Gage 1, 2. Reine-Claude de Jodoigne 1, 2. Reine-Claude von Jodoigne 3. Royal de Vilvorde 1, 2.

Probably a Reine Claude seedling; tree large, vigorous; shoots smooth; fruit large, round, inclining to oblate, greenish-yellow, with brownish-red cheek; suture shallow; flesh whitish-yellow, firm, juicy, tender, sweet, rich; mid-season.

Joe Hooker. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:38. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 154. 1901.

Tree dwarfish; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; suture faint; red on a yellow ground; skin thick; flesh yellow; clingstone; late.

John A. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 137. 1894. 2. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt. 72. 1894. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:276. 1900.

A cross between Evelyn and Italian Prune; originated with Richard Trotter, Owen Sound, Ontario. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval or egg-shape; cavity narrow; bronze-red; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, subacid; stone large; clinging; hangs well.

Johnny Roe. Domestica. 1. Garden 53:263. 1898.

An English variety propagated from suckers in Nottinghamshire.

Jones. Americana? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 334. 1894. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:277. 1900.

Originated in 1880 with Mrs. Owen Jones, Crescent, Iowa, who planted the pits from a quart of “California plums” she had purchased; introduced by H. A. Terry about 1895. Tree upright, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture indistinct; dark red; bloom light; skin thick, tender; flesh firm, meaty; quality fair; stone smooth, not margined; clinging; mid-season.

Jones Late. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:43. 1897.

Introduced by H. A. Terry. Tree productive; fruit large, oval, red; flesh firm; clingstone.

Jordan Seedling. Domestica. 1. Can. Hort. 14:329. 1891.

Supposed to be a seedling of Yellow Egg; originated with F. Jordan of Goderich, Ontario. The variety resembles Hulings so closely as to be almost indistinguishable.

Judson. Domestica. 1. Thomas Am. Fr. Cult. 342. 1849. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 427. 1854.

Originated in Lansingburgh, New York, some time in the early “forties.” Fruit small, roundish; suture indistinct; cavity small; attractive pink; flesh juicy, rich, vinous; quality high; freestone; season just before Reine Claude.

Julia. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:277. 1900. 2. Terry Cat. 1900.

Edith of Terry 1.

A seedling from H. A. Terry in 1896. Tree productive; fruit large, round, yellow striped with light red; flesh firm; clingstone; mid-season.

Julian. Triflora. Noted in Sweet Cat. 1907.

Julien Gros á Feuilles Panachees. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831.

July Fourth. Domestica? × Triflora × Americana. 1. Rural N. Y. 59:655 fig. 1900.

A second generation seedling from Luther Burbank; said to rank very high in quality.

July Green Gage. Domestica. 1. Jour. Hort. 9:128. 1865. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 360, 367. 1866. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 926. 1869. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:99. 1873. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889. 6. Guide Prat. 152, 363. 1895.

Bavay’s Early Gage? 1. Bavay’s Frühe Reine-Claude 4, 6. Early Bavay 3, ?5. Early Green Gage? 2. Frühe Reine-Claude 6. Juli Reine-Claude 5. Julius Reine-Claude 5. July Green Gage 4, 5. Reine-Claude Davion 4, 6. Reine-Claude de Bavay Hâtive 2, 3, 4, 6. Reine-Claude de Juillet 6. Reine-Claude Hâtive 5, of some 6. Reine-Claude Hâtive d’Avion 6. Reine-Claude Hâtive de Bavay 6. Reine-Claude Bavay Hâtive? 5.

July Green Gage was introduced into France from Normandy about the middle of the last century by a M. Davion. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture slight; stem short; cavity narrow, deep; yellowish-green sometimes spotted with red; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic, sweet; very good; freestone; very early.

Jumelles. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 432. 1905.

Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture distinct; greenish streaked with yellow; flesh juicy, sweet, rich; stone small, semi-clinging; early.

Jumelles de Liegel. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 160, 358. 1895.

Jumelles de Liegel 1. Liegel’s Zwillingspflaume 1. Liegel’s Zwillingspflaume 2.

Tree productive; fruit large, roundish, red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, vinous; good; late.

Kaga. Americana × Simonii. 1. Circ. S. Dak. Exp. Sta. 1910.

Introduced in 1910 by the originator, N. E. Hansen, of the South Dakota Experiment Station. It is a cross between Prunus simonii and some Americana.

Kaiser Wilhelm. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 407. 1881. 2. Gard. Chron. 26:717. 1886. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 428. 1889.

Bamberger Eier Pflaume 3 incor. Blaue Eier 3 incor. Dark Blue Egg 2. Dunkelblaue Eierpflaume 1. Dunkleblaue Eierpflaume 3. Liegel’s Marokko? 3. Rodt’s Grosse Früh Pflaumen-Zwetsche 3. Ungarische Blaue Eier 3.

A plum very well known in Germany. Tree large, productive; fruit large, oval; skin thick, not adherent, tough, somewhat sour, bluish-black; flesh yellowish, juicy, slightly sweet; clingstone.

Kampeska. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:38. 1898.

Tree productive, slow and stocky in growth; fruit small to medium, round; stem of medium length, thick; skin thick, purplish-red; bloom heavy; of medium quality; clingstone.

Kanawha. Hortulana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 136. 1875. 2. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 24. 1881. 3. Rev. Hort. 535. 1893. 4. Waugh Plum Cult. 180, 181. 1901.

Canawa 1. Peach-leaved 2. Prune Kanawa 3. Rains 1.

Introduced by P. J. Berckmans who had received it from J. S. Downer of Kentucky in 1871. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; dots many, white; bright red with a thin bloom; skin firm; flesh firm, meaty, sprightly; good; clingstone; season late; mentioned in the catalogs of the American Pomological Society from 1875 to 1899.

Kazan. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Rpt. 111. 1887.

A foreign plum listed by the Michigan Experiment Station.

Keindt. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 444. 1881.

Keindt’s Frühdamascene 1.

A German variety noted as unproductive on dry soil.

Keith. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 436. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:277. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 155. 1901.

Kieth 3.

Of the De Soto type, from Delaware County, Iowa, previous to 1888. Fruit large, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; stem short, thick; skin thin; orange overlaid with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, not juicy; good to best; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season; does not thrive in the South.

Kelbalan. Triflora × Cerasifera. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899.

Kelsey No. 3.

Grown by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, from a seed of Kelsey pollinated with Early Cherry. Tree somewhat like Myrobalan; fruit large, roundish-conic, yellow shaded with red; clingstone; good.

Kelley. Species? 1. Van Lindley Cat. 1899.

Originated in South Carolina; introduced by R. Bates of Jackson, South Carolina. Tree prolific; fruit medium in size, yellow; good; early.

Kelmyro. Triflora × Cerasifera. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899.

Kelsey No. 1.

From Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; from seed of Kelsey, pollinated with Early Cherry. Very productive; fruit medium, round, pointed, dark red on a yellow ground; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

Kelroba. Triflora × Cerasifera. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899.

Kelsey No. 2.

The same origin as Kelmyro. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit above medium, round, pointed, yellow overlaid with light red; high flavor; stone small, clinging.

Kelsaw. Triflora × Munsoniana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:271. 1901.

An accidental cross between Kelsey and a “Chicasaw;” from A. M. Augustine, West Point, Mississippi. Tree a rapid and thrifty grower. Fruit the size of Abundance, round-oval; stem an inch long; suture shallow; apex rounded; brilliant transparent red; dots minute; bloom thin; skin thin and tough; flesh yellow with pink markings, firm, sweet and rich; good to very good; clingstone; early.

Kelsey Prune. Domestica. Mentioned in Wild Bros. Cat. 1892.

Kelso. Domestica? 1. Vandevoort Cat.

Kelso is a yellow plum found about 1870 on the farm of Philip Cline of Sabina, Ohio. Peter Kelso, who afterwards purchased the Cline farm, brought the plum to J. M. Vandevoort, who introduced it about twenty-five years ago.

Kenellan. Domestica. Listed in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831.

Kennedy Red. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:53. 1900.

A weak-growing and unproductive variety tested in British Columbia. Fruit small, long-oval; suture distinct; cavity small; dull red with a thin white bloom and golden dots; flesh yellow, sweet, coarse, moderately juicy; pleasant; clingstone; of no value.

Kent. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 689. 1884. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 424. 1889. 3. Garden 56:355. 1899. 4. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:50. 1900.

Bush 1. Bush 2. Bush Plum of Kent 4. Kentish Bush 3. Waterloo 1, 2. Waterloo of Kent 2.

Found in a hedge at Boben, England in 1836. Tree hardy, strong, very productive, fruit large, round; skin dark maroon; flesh firm; flavor fair; fruit keeps three weeks after being gathered; valuable for market.

Kenyon. Species? 1. Mich. Sta. Rpt. 111. 1887.

Listed as a native plum being tested at the Michigan Experiment Station.

Kester Green Gage. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 926. 1869.

Kester’s Green Gage 1.

Originated with a Mr. Weaver of Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania. Fruit small, nearly round, one side enlarged; suture large; pale yellowish-green, splashed with deeper green; bloom thin; stem medium in length; cavity large; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; semi-clinging.

Kester Yellow Gage. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 926. 1869.

Kester’s Yellow Gage 1.

Of the same origin as Kester Green Gage. Tree vigorous, upright with smooth branches; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture broad and shallow; light yellow overspread with thick bloom; stem medium; cavity small; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; semi-clinging.

Kicab. Species? 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 45. 1895. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 46. 1897.

A seedling grown by Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Illinois. Fruit medium, roundish-oval; skin thick, crimson with dark purplish stripes, covered with thick bloom; dots numerous, variable; flesh yellow, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid; good to very good; stone large, oval, clinging; early.

Kickapoo. Americana. 1. Penn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 52. 1892. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:39, 86. 1892. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

Tree an open, straggling grower, very productive; fruit of medium size, oblong to oval; cavity medium; stem short to medium, stout; suture faint; dull red mottled with deeper shades; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone of medium size, clinging; mid-season; recommended for market.

King. Munsoniana. 1. Am. Jour. Hort. 5:148. 1869.

King of Plums 1.

A seedling of the Wild Goose which it closely resembles.

Kingston. Domestica. 1. Ellwanger & Barry Cat. 1888-1894. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 112. 1901.

Smith’s Prune 1.

Kingston closely resembles Diamond; its origin in Ontario, Canada, is about all that distinguishes it.

Kleine Blaue Frühzwetsche. Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889.

Kleine Gelbe Eierpflaume. Domestica. Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889.

Kleine Kirschpflaume. Cerasifera. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889.

Prunus Cerasifera Fructu Minore.

Kleine Rosspauke. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889.

Mathieu records this variety as mentioned in Wiener Garten-Zeitung 288. 1884.

Klondike. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:44. 1897. 2. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 242. 1898. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:277. 1900.

Klondyke 2, 3.

Grown by John Wragg & Sons, Waukee, Iowa, from seed of De Soto; introduced in 1897 by W. F. Heikes, Huntsville, Alabama. Tree productive; fruit medium to small, roundish-oval; cavity narrow, deep; suture a broad line; skin thin, bright yellow shading into red; bloom thin; dots numerous, small; flesh yellowish, sweetish, watery; quality fair; stone small, clinging; early.

Knudson. Americana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 162. 1891. 2. N. Dak. Sta. Bul. 2:18. 1891. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:44. 1897.

Kniedsen’s Peach 1. Knudson’s Peach 3. Peach 2.

Grown by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Tree unproductive; fruit drops before ripe; of medium size, roundish, purplish-red; flesh sweet; clingstone; mid-season. Subject to plum-pocket.

Koa. Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 21. 1803.

Koa’s Imperial.

Kober. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 228. 1909.

Kober originated with N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa. Fruit large, mottled and blushed with red; bloom rather thick; flesh moderately firm, sweetish; fair in quality; clingstone; mid-season.

Koch Königspflaume. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889.

Karl Koch’s Königs Pflaume. Royale de Koch. Royale du Dr. Koch.

Koch Späte Damascene. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:161. 1873. 2. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 403. 1881. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 437. 1889.

Damas Jaune Tardif de Koch 3. Damas Tardif de Kock 1. Koch’s Gelbe Spät Damascene 3. Koch’s Späte Aprikosen 3. Koch’s Späte Damascene 2. Koch’s Späte Damascene 3.

Liegel grew this variety from seed of Bricette and dedicated it to Koch, secretary of a horticultural society at Gotha. Tree medium, round-topped; fruit below medium, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity shallow; stem short, slender, glabrous; skin free, yellow spotted with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, fine, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; freestone; late.

Koepher. Species? 1. Gard. Mon. 10:18. 1868.

Noted as productive and free from curculio.

Kohlenkamp. Domestica. 1. Gard. Mon. 2:313. 1860. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 122. 1860.

Kohlen Kamp 1.

A seedling raised by W. Kohlenkamp, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit borne in clusters, large, oval; stem short; cavity deep; reddish; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, dry; good; freestone; late.

Kopp. Americana. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 441. 1889. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:39. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 155. 1901.

Introduced by O. M. Lord, Minnesota City, Minnesota. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, round; skin thick; purplish-red; flesh firm, sweet; clingstone; mid-season.

Korai. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 26. 1894. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 176. 1895.

Quetsche 1, 2.

Received from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1893. Tree vigorous; fruit below medium, oblong-ovate; sides unequal; skin thick, tough; purple with numerous small, brown dots; flesh yellowish-green, coarse, melting; subacid; good; stone of medium size, narrow, pointed, clinging; mid-season.

Kroos-Pruim. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:58. 1761.

Originated in Holland. Fruit of varying colors and sizes, round; insipid, watery. Propagated by pits. Useful only as a stock.

Kume. Triflora. 1. Am. Gard. 12:449. 1891.

An early variety.

Lachine. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:38. 1903.

Similar to Yellow Egg; hardy; productive; good; clingstone.

Lady. Insititia. 1. Cultivator 3:20. 1855.

Lady Plum 1.

A seedling of Mirabelle from Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York. Tree slender, vigorous, productive; fruit small, oval; stem short, stout; light yellow, with red spots; stone small, free; mid-season.

Lakeside No. 1 and No. 2. Hortulana. Letter from Kerr.

Two seedlings from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

Lallinger Königspflaume. Domestica. Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 438. 1889.

Lambert. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:53. 1900.

Labert 1. Labert’s Red 1. Lambert’s Red 2.

A seedling from Ontario, Canada. Tree weak; foliage poor; fruit small, heart-shaped; stem short; cavity lacking; suture a line; reddish; bloom thin; flesh reddish-orange, juicy; poor; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

Lammas. Domestica. 1. Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1529. 1688. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831.

Mentioned by Ray as being one of the best sorts of his time.

Lancaster. Munsoniana × Hortulana mineri? 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 186. 1901.

Grown by Charles B. Camp of Cheney, Nebraska, from a seed of Wild Goose supposed to have been crossed with Miner.

Lang. Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:21. 1905.

Rang 1.

Sent to the South Dakota Station by C. W. H. Heideman of Minnesota. Tree vigorous, straggling in growth; fruit large, yellowish; skin thin; flesh sweet, juicy; good; stone small; keeps well; mid-season.

Langdon. Domestic. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:461 fig. 36. 1853. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 386. 1857. 3. Ibid. 927. 1869.

Langdon’s Seedling 2. Langdon’s Seedling 3.

Originated with Reuben Langdon of Hartford, Connecticut; believed to be a seedling of Washington. Tree vigorous, spreading; shoots strong, smooth; leaves large; fruit large, roundish-oval; suture a line; purplish-red to light green in the shade with some mottling; bloom thick; dots small; stem of medium length, stout, hairy; cavity deep; flesh yellow, melting, juicy, sweet, acid next to the skin; semi-clinging; early.

Lange Violette Damascene. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 438. 1889.

Blaue Damascenerin. Damas Violet?. Damas Violet Allonge. Damas Violet Longuet. Das Blaue Auge. Langliche Blaue Damascene?. The Great Damask Plum.

Langsdon. Hortulana mineri. 1. Am. Jour. Hort. 5:144. 1869. 2. Barry Fr. Garden 418. 1883. 3. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:56. 1892.

Illinois Plum 1. Langdon 2.

Grown in Illinois previous to 1869. Tree medium in vigor; leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, pointed, with small glands; fruit small, roundish-oblong, light red; bloom thin; skin thick; flesh firm; quality fair; stone clinging, small, nearly smooth, turgid, short, pointed; mid-season or later.

Lannix. Triflora × Munsoniana. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 45. 1895. 2. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:15. 1898.

Supposed to have been produced from Abundance crossed with Wild Goose. Leaves large, oval, pointed, leathery; petiole short, stout, usually glandless; fruit oval, of medium size, coppery-red; bloom light; skin thin, tough, bitter; flesh yellowish, translucent, tender, juicy, slightly fibrous, mild subacid, rich, slightly bitter at the center; good; stone large, oval, clinging.

La Prairie. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:44. 1897. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 155. 1901.

Taken from the woods about 1844 at Shopiere, Wisconsin; brought to notice by B. H. Smith. Tree productive; fruit large, golden, slightly astringent.

Large English Damson. Insititia. Mentioned in Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:51. 1900.

Large Golden Prolific. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:53. 1900. 2. Albertson & Hobbs Cat. 1904. 3. Stone & Wellington Cat. 1907.

Vail’s Seedling 3.

Originated in Canada; a seedling of Yellow Egg. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit above medium size, oblong, golden-yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; early.

Large Green Drying. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 6:94. 1840. 3. Thompson Gard. Ass’t 518. 1859. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 927. 1869. 5. Mas. Pom. Gen. 2:191. 1873. 6. Guide Prat. 163, 366. 1895.

Grosse à sécher de Knight 6. Knight’s Green Drying 5, 6. Knight’s Large Drying 4, 6. Knight’s Large Green Drying 3. Large Green Drying 6. Verte à Secher de Knight 5, 6.

Raised by Thomas Knight; first fruited in 1838. Fruit large, round; suture shallow; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, firm, medium juicy, sweet and well flavored; excellent for dessert; clingstone; mid-season.

Large Queen. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 26. 1894. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 176. 1895.

Imported from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1893 and fruited by E. C. Hoskins of Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate, dark wine color; bloom light; dots many, conspicuous; skin thick; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, mild subacid; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Large Sugar Prune. Domestica. 1. Koch Deut. Obst. 572. 1876. 2. Lange Allgem. Garten. 2:421. 1879. 3. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 440. 1881. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 434. 1889.

Ananas Zwetsche 4 incor. Bely Zwetsche 4. Blaue Eier Pflaume 4. Dörell’s Grosse Ungarische Pflaume 4. Grosse Zuckerzwetsche 3, 4. Herrenhäuser Blaue Eier Pflaume 4. Jacobi Zwetsche 4. Kladrauer Pflaume 4. Quetsche Sucree 4.

An early German prune used for table, market and drying. Tree large, broad-headed, productive; shoots pubescent, straight, dark brown; fruit large, oval, sometimes ovate; suture shallow; sides unequal; stem long, glabrous; skin free, sour, bluish-black; bloom thick; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, rich, sweet; freestone.

Large White Damson. Insititia. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:72, Pl. 3 fig. 2. 1768. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:88. 1832. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 952. 1869. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 709. 1884. 5. Guide Prat. 161, 357. 1895.

Damas Blanc 3, 4. Damas Blanc Gros 2, 3. Damas Blanc Hâtif Gros 3, 4. Damas Blanc Tres Hâtif 4. Damas Gros Blanc 5. Gros Damas Blanc 2, 4. Gros Damas Blanc 1, 5. Large White Damask 4. Large White Damask 2. White Damask 3.

Probably of French origin; resembles the Small White Damson closely but is larger and longer. Branches smooth; fruit below medium, roundish-oval, greenish-yellow; bloom thin; flesh medium in sweetness and flavor; adapted for cooking; freestone; late.

Late Black Damson. Insititia. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 70. 1699. 2. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:73. 1768. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:89. 1832. 4. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:495. 1860.

Black Damson 3. Damas Noir 3. Damas Noir Tardif 2, 4. Damas Noir Tardif 3. Late Damask? 1.

Fruit small, elongated, purplish-black; cavity shallow; suture a line; flesh yellowish-green, acid until thoroughly ripe; nearly freestone.

Late Blood. Triflora. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 62:23. 1894. 2. Ibid. 106:56. 1896.

Burbank No. 3 1, 2. Hale 2. Hale 1.

Luther Burbank imported this variety in 1885; Bailey named it Hale in 1894 but changed it to Late Blood two years later. Similar to Satsuma; later, blooms earlier, is less pointed and differs in leaf-characters.

Late Bolmer. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 404. 1857. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Winter Bolmar 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish, yellow, mottled with red in the sun; flesh yellow, firm, sweet but not rich; freestone; mid-season.

Late Chalons. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:99. 1832. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 450. 1889.

Tardif de Chalons 1. Tardive de Chalons 1, 2. Späte von Chalons 2.

Fruit of medium size, oval, light yellow with red blush, deepening to violet; flesh yellowish, melting, juicy, sweet; stone rough, clinging; very late.

Late Conical. Triflora × Simonii. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:16 fig. 1898.

Originated by Burbank; named in 1898. Tree of rapid growth; leaves medium to large, broadly oval, abruptly pointed, tapering at the base, rather stiff, margins coarsely double-crenulate; petiole large, set with glands; fruit strongly conical, large; cavity shallow, abrupt; stem short; suture shallow; yellow overlaid with purple and red; dots numerous, large; bloom heavy; skin medium in thickness; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and agreeable; very good; stone of medium size, flattened, pointed, free.

Late Goose. Munsoniana. 1. Stark Bros. Cat. 1909.

From Theodore Williams of Nebraska. Fruit very large; handsome.

Late Orange. Domestica. 1. Gard. Chron. 12:593. 1892. 2. Garden 64:262. 1903. 3. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 423. 1903.

Late Orange originated with Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, first fruiting in 1888; introduced by the originator in 1897. Tree vigorous; fruit similar to Reine Claude in size and appearance; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; very good; season very late.

Late Prolific. Domestica. 1. Fish Hardy Fr. Bk. 2:56. 1882. 2. Rivers Cat. 35. 1898-99. 3. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 423. 1903.

River’s Late Prolific 1.

A seedling of Early Prolific. Tree vigorous; fruit below medium size, round; suture shallow; stem of medium size; cavity lacking; dark purple; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; flavor pleasant; stone small; early to mid-season.

Late Red Damask. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:85. 1832. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 261. 1832. 3. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846.

Damas rouge tardif 1. Gros Damas rouge tardif 1. Gros Damas Rouge Tardif 2, 3. Large Late Red Damask 2. Late Red Damson 1.

According to Kenrick and Prince this variety was described in the 1825 edition of Duhamel’s Traité des Arbres Fruitiers. Its description resembles that of Orleans very closely but its season is evidently later. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval; skin thick, adherent to the flesh, light purple; flesh yellow, melting, slightly coarse, juicy, sweet; good; late.

Late Reine Claude. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 148. 1831. 2. Horticulturist 2:479. 1847. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 395. 1857. 4. Ibid. 935. 1869. 5. Guide Prat. 162, 364. 1895.

Late Gage 4. Late Green Gage 1. Late Green Gage 4. October Green Gage ?2. October Green Gage 4. Reine-Claude d’Octobre ?2, 4. Reine-Claude d’October 3. Reine-Claude Tardive 4. Reine-Claude Tardive 2, 4.

First mentioned in the London Horticultural Society catalog in 1831. Origin unknown. Tree vigorous; shoots smooth, stout, short-jointed; fruit small, roundish; apex dimpled; skin greenish-yellow, mottled with red on the sunny side; bloom thin; flesh green, juicy, rich, sugary; good; freestone; late.

Late Rivers. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 369. 1866. 2. Nicholson Dict. Gard. 3:166. 3. Thompson Gard. Ass’t 4:158. 1901. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Tardive de Rivers 4.

A seedling from Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England; first fruited in 1865. Branches smooth; fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; stem long, slender; dark purple; flesh yellow, rich, sweet, sugary; flavor pleasant; clingstone; very late.

Late Rollingstone. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:39, 42. 1892. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:39. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 155. 1901.

A seedling of Rollingstone, grown by O. M. Lord of Minnesota. Tree medium in vigor, with a round, compact head; leaves obovate-oblong, short-acuminate, irregularly crenate; shoots red, smooth, glossy; petioles glandular, pubescent; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; cavity shallow; suture faint; yellow background overlaid with red; stem of medium length; dots numerous, yellow; bloom thick; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm; fair to good; stone of medium size, broad-oval, smooth, flattened; late.

Late Transparent. Domestica. 1. Nicholson Dict. Gard. 3:167. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:188. 1897. 3. Thompson Gard. Ass’t 4:158. 1901.

Late Transparent Gage 1.

A seedling of Transparent from Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree dwarf, hardy, productive; fruit large, round, greenish-yellow, with purplish blush in the sun; flesh yellowish, firm, tender, juicy, sweet; high quality; stone very small; season ten days later than its parent.

Laubinger Sugar Prune. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 441. 1881. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Laubinger’s Catharinen Pflaume 2. Laubinger’s Zuckerzwetsche 1, 2.

From Germany. A true prune of value for table, compotes and drying. Tree vigorous, productive; shoots glabrous, violet-brown; fruit large, long-oval; suture shallow or lacking, divides the plum equally; stem not hairy; skin free, sourish; violet-brown to bluish-black; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, rather juicy, slightly tart; mid-season.

Laura. Species? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:271. 1901.

From Theodore Williams, Nebraska; said to be a cross between Quackenboss and Red Glass. Tree apparently a pure Americana according to Mr. Williams.

Lawrence Early. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 928. 1869. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Lawrence 1. Lawrence’s Early 1. Lawrence’s Early 2, 3. Lawrence’s Früh Rote Pflaume 3.

This plum differs from the well-known American variety, Lawrence, in that it is smaller, of poorer quality, purple and earlier.

Lawson. Domestica. 1. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:531. 1855. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 928. 1869. 3. Mas Le Verger 6:141. 1866-73. 4. Lange Allgem. Garten. 421. 1879. 5. Hogg Fruit Man. 710. 1884.

Anna Lawson 3. Anna Lawson 4. Damas Lawson 2, 5. Dorée de Lawson 3. Golden Gage Lawson 2. Lawson’s Golden 1, 5. Lawson’s Golden 3. Lawson’s Golden Gage 1.

A seedling of Reine Claude pollinated with Golden Drop, grown in 1842 by Archibald Gorrie of Annat Gardens, Errol, Perthshire, Scotland; named in honor of Charles Lawson a nurseryman of Edinburgh. Tree hardier than either parent; fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; cavity small; yellow with dull reddish blush; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Le Duc. Americana. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 134. 1887. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 156. 1901. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905. La Duc 1.

Le Duc was found growing wild at Hasting, Minnesota; introduced by W. G. Le Duc. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture faint; cavity small; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet, pleasant; quality fair; stone large, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Legal Tender. Americana. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:277. 1900.

Originated under cultivation with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa in 1896; first fruited in 1899; parentage unknown. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, round, golden-yellow blotched with dark red; skin thin; fine quality; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Leib Sour. Simonii × Triflora. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:272. 1901.

One of Burbank’s hybrids; of the type of Wickson. Fruit large, round or slightly oblate; stem strong; cavity wide; suture shallow; apex slightly depressed; light red with thin bloom; dots many, prominent; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; flavor peculiar, aromatic, subacid; good to very good; stone medium, oval, flattened, clinging.

Leonard. Americana. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 90. 1885. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:40. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 156. 1901.

Originated with Charles Gibb, Montreal, Canada, in 1873 from a wild plum root obtained from Wisconsin. Fruit medium, round; cavity shallow; stem slender; dull dark red, mottled; dots small; flesh yellow, not firm, acid; quality fair; stone small, round-oval, smooth, semi-clinging; mid-season.

Leopard. Triflora ×? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:272. 1901.

From Theodore Williams, of Nebraska, from a “Botan pit pollinated with Red Glass.” Fruit large, round-oval; stem medium long, set in a shallow cavity; skin thick; light rich red; flesh yellow, firm; flavor Miner-like, rich and sweet; good to very good.

Lepine. Insititia. 1. Koch Deut. Obst. 570. 1876. 2. Lange Allgem. Garten. 2:420. 1879.

A variety of the Damson type raised by Lepine in Belgium; probably not known in this country; very similar to Norbet and by some said to be the same. Tree large, productive; fruit of medium size, round, somewhat compressed; suture shallow; skin removable, not sourish; dark blue; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, sweet, wine-like; stone free; late.

Leptune. Hortulana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:56, 86. 1892. 2. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fr. 203, 206, 208. 1898. 3. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 11:284. 1898.

Introduced by J. D. Morrow & Sons of Arkansas. Leaves elliptic-ovate to elliptic-obovate, very long-pointed and coarsely serrate; stalks either glandless or glandular; fruit of medium size, round; skin thick, dark red; dots yellow; flesh yellow, meaty; stone medium, nearly smooth, short-pointed, clinging.

Letta. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 133. 1891.

Found in Buchanan County, Iowa; introduced by J. Wragg & Son of Waukee, Iowa. Fruit as large as Hawkeye.

Lewis. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 46. 1895.

Received by the United States Department of Agriculture from H. C. Cook, White Salmon, Washington. Fruit large, roundish-oval; stem short, set in a moderately deep, abrupt cavity; red, a little darker than Lombard; bloom thin; dots numerous; flesh pale yellow; good to very good; stone large, oval, free; late.

Lewiston Egg. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 404. 1857. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 222, 244. 1858.

Lewiston’s Egg 2.

According to Downing, from Lewiston, New York. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval, pale yellow; flesh yellow, not very sweet; flavor medium; clingstone; mid-season. Rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858.

Lex Plum. Domestica. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 263. 1832.

Noted as a large blue plum with rich, sweet, yellow flesh; very productive.

Liegel Rote Damascene. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Runde Rote Damascene.

Liegel Apricot. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 369. 1866. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889. 3. Guide Prat. 163, 351. 1895.

Abricotée de Braunau Nouvelle 1, 2. Abricotée de Liegel 3. New Apricot of Braunau 2.

Liegel Apricot was grown by Dr. Liegel of Braunau, Germany. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep; yellowish; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, juicy, sprightly; good; freestone; late.

Liegel Gage. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 161, 359. 1895.

A variety said to have been imported into France from England. Fruit of medium size, roundish, greenish; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, rich; very good; late.

Liegel Unvergleichliche. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 162, 359. 1895.

Received in France from Bohemia.

Lillian Augusta. Domestica. 1. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt. 72. 1894. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 136. 1894.

Grown by Richard Trotter, Owen Sound, Ontario. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, egg-shaped; cavity small and shallow; stem nearly long; suture a line; greenish-yellow with a few broken stripes of deeper shade; flesh light yellow, firm, meaty, juicy, slightly acid; good to very good; stone medium to small, oval, turgid, roughened, partly free.

Lillie. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 276. 1893. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 156. 1901.

A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1893. Tree vigorous and upright; fruit of medium size, round sometimes conical; cavity broad, shallow; stem slender; apex rounded; yellow overspread with mottled light and dark red; dots numerous; bloom thick; flesh sweet, melting; quality best; stone pointed, free; mid-season.

Lindow’sche Frühe Werder’sche Pflaume. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Lindsay. Species? 1. Can. Hort. 27:22. 1904.

Lindsay’s Seedling 1.

Reported as a new plum from Guelph, Canada; large; good.

Little. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:39. 1892. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:45. 1897.

Little Seedling 1, 2.

Introduced by Charles Leudloff, Carver, Minnesota, but discarded by him on account of its size. Fruit small, red; stone small, rough, cherry-like.

Livland. Domestica. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1887.

Livlandscher bierpflaume 1.

A Russian variety imported by the Iowa Agricultural College in 1882.

Lizzie. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.

A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large, pale yellow, with a red blush; flesh yellow, rich, no acidity; good; semi-clinging.

Lockey. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894.

Tree dwarfish, lacks in adaptability, blights badly, short-lived; fruit of medium size, greenish-yellow overlaid with red; good; clingstone.

Lone Star. Angustifolia varians. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 154. 1883. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:63, 86. 1892. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 196. 1901.

Grown by E. W. Kilpatrick, Texas, from wild seed produced in eastern Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity broad, shallow; stem slender; suture lacking; red; bloom thin; dots numerous, white; skin thin; flesh soft, yellow, sweet; good; stone oval, clinging; early. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society catalog in 1897.

Long Blue. Domestica. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 118:54. 1895. 3. Wis. Sta. An. Rpt. 13:214. 1896. 4. Kan. Sta. Bul. 101:121. 1901.

Orel No. 20 2, 3. Orel No. 20 1.

One of the Russian varieties imported by J. L. Budd about 1882. Tree hardy, vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium to large, oblong-oval; purplish-red with light bloom; dots numerous, small; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid, pleasant; quality fair; stone rough and strongly margined, semi-clinging.

Long Leaf Wonderful. Domestica. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:611. 1893.

Long Leaf Wonderful was sent out in 1893 by Luther Burbank; no description is available and the variety is probably extinct.

Long Red. Domestica. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 401. 1898. 3. Kan. Sta. Bul. 101:119, 122 fig. 1901.

Orel No. 19 2, 3. Orel 19 1.

Introduced from Russia by J. L. Budd of Iowa about 1882. Tree hardy, vigorous; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblong, purplish-red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; excellent for culinary use; stone semi-clinging.

Long Scarlet. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 1:365. 1835. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 303. 1845. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 36. 1875.

Red Gage (incorrectly of some) 2. Scarlet Gage 2, 3. Scarlet Gage 1, 2.

Downing states that the original tree was first noted in the vicinity of Newburgh about 1823 and that the variety was disseminated by him. Tree very hardy, an abundant bearer; shoots downy; fruit medium, oblong-obovate; cavity narrow, very shallow; stem three-fourths of an inch long; bright red or purplish-crimson on the sunny side, pale yellowish-red on the shaded side; flesh deep yellow, juicy, becoming rich and sweet if allowed to hang; clingstone; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1875, but dropped in 1897.

Long Violet Damascene. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 444. 1881.

Unproductive on dry soil as tested in Jeinsen, Germany.

Longworth. Domestica. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 392. 1891. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 74. 1895.

Said to have originated many years ago with Nicholas Longworth, Cincinnati, Ohio. Resembles Lombard and is better in quality. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, purplish-red; flesh yellow, sweet, pleasant; mid-season to late.

Lot d’Ente. Domestica. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 356 fig. 1891.

D’Ente 1.

This variety is of the same type if not the same as the Agen.

Lottie. Americana mollis. 1. Terry Cat. 1900. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 120. 1904. 3. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 424. 1905.

Lotta 3.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Van Buren. Fruit large, white or pale yellow; good; freestone.

Louisa. Americana. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 930. 1869. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 37. 1899. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 156. 1901.

Found growing wild in Missouri about 1860; introduced by Samuel Miller, Bluffton, Missouri. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; cavity small; stem short; dull red; bloom thick; dots numerous; flesh firm, yellow; quality fair; stone large, flat, clinging; mid-season.

Louise-Brune. Insititia? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:71. 1873. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Louise Brune 2. Louisen’s Braune Damascene 2.

Raised by M. de Maraise, a Belgian pomologist. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit round-oval; suture narrow and very shallow; skin purple; bloom thick; flesh yellowish-green, firm, rather sweet; good; stone oval, thick, free; type of the Damsons.

Louisiana. Triflora ×? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 139:43. 1897. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 217. 1901.

Normand No. 15 1.

One of the several seedlings sent out by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana, who states that it is the offspring of a Triflora variety crossed with a native; named by Bailey in 1897. Tree spreading, weak and slender in habit; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; suture faint; cavity shallow; greenish with dull blush; dots many, whitish; flesh yellow, fibrous, sprightly subacid; quality fair; clingstone; fruit drops before ripe.

Lovett. Domestica. 1. Gard. Mon. 29:47. 1887.

A seedling of Reine Claude from York County, Pennsylvania, about 1867. Tree very vigorous and productive; fruit very large, roundish; suture slight; cavity shallow; dark red; dots minute, yellow; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; semi-clinging; very early.

Lovett. Triflora. 1. Lovett Cat. 1898.

Fourth of July 1.

A chance seedling from the Lovett homestead in Pennsylvania; introduced in 1898 by J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture indistinct; bright red; bloom light; flesh yellow, firm, rich, sweet, vinous, highly aromatic; good; freestone; very early.

Lovett Late. Domestica. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 218. 1849.

Lovett’s Late Long Red 1.

An excellent long-keeping variety mentioned by Cole in 1849.

Lowry. Domestica. 1. Smith Cat. 1899.

Lowry’s Gage 1.

A chance seedling found growing in a fence corner at St. Davids, Ontario; introduced by E. D. Smith in 1899. Fruit of medium size, yellow; good; early.

Lucas Königspflaume. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 421. 1881. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Royale de Lucas 2.

A table and market variety in Germany. Tree vigorous, productive in moist soils; fruit large, oval; suture shallow, divided unequally; skin somewhat sourish, easily removed, bluish-red to dark blue on the sunny side; dots fine, yellowish, numerous; flesh soft, golden-yellow, sweet, highly flavored; stone not always free; ripens before the Reine Claude.

Luedloff. Americana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:46. 1897. 2. Ibid. 87:14. 1901.

Luedloff’s Seedling 1, 2.

From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, oblong; suture distinct; yellow overspread with bright red; dots small, numerous; quality hardly fair; stone oval, sharply pointed, nearly free.

Luedloff Green. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:40. 1892. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:46. 1897.

Luedloff’s Green 1, 2.

From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota, about 1889; discarded by him later. Tree regular and abundant in bearing; fruit medium to small, oblong, flattened; skin thick, mottled with deep red; flesh firm, sweet; fair quality; stone small, nearly free; medium late.

Luedloff Red. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:40. 1892. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:46. 1897.

Luedloff’s Red 1, 2.

Much like Luedloff Green but red in color. Tree moderately productive; fruit very good; medium season. Good for culinary purposes.

Lunn. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:35. 1903. 2. Quebec Pom. Soc. Rpt. 9. 1905.

Montreal No. 60 1.

From W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit large, oval; cavity shallow; suture a distinct line; dark purple; dots indistinct, brownish; skin tough; flesh yellowish-green, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; clingstone; mid-season.

Luscombe. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831.

Luscombe’s Seedling.

Lutts. Triflora. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 175:131 fig., 132. 1899. 2. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1:106. 1900. 3. Ga. Sta. Bul. 68:5 fig., 31. 1904.

Wasse-Botankio 1, 2, 3.

Sent out under the name Wasse-Botankio but renamed in 1899 by Bailey after Henry Lutts of Youngstown, New York. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, roundish, dark red with numerous fine, golden, dots; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, soft, with a slight almond flavor; good; clingstone; one of the earliest.

Lyon. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 104:100. 1894. 2. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 367. 1896. 3. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:246. 1899.

Bailey 1. Bailey 2, 3.

Brought to notice by S. S. Bailey of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and grown for a number of years by the Michigan sub-station at South Haven under the name Bailey; renamed Lyon by the Michigan Horticultural Society in 1896. Tree vigorous, upright, spreading, productive; fruit large, roundish; suture slight; cavity shallow; clear yellow with light bloom; flesh yellow, tender, rich, sweet, moderately juicy; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

Lyon Apricot. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:53. 1901.

Received by the British Columbia Experiment Station at Agassiz from a Mr. Spaath of Berlin, Germany. Fruit above medium in size; roundish; suture shallow; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sprightly; good; stone slender, free; early.

M. J. De Wolf. Species? 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:25, 52 fig. 1905.

The most promising from a lot of seedlings grown by M. J. De Wolf, Letcher, South Dakota, from seed taken from the orchard of H. J. Gurney, Elk Point, South Dakota. Fruit large, roundish; cavity wide, shallow; suture a line; red marbled on the shady side with yellow; dots many, large, conspicuous; flesh dark yellow, tender, sweet, juicy; good; freestone; mid-season.

Macedonia. Munsoniana. 1. Kerr Cat. 19. 1897. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 186. 1901.

Transparent 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture faint; cavity shallow; light red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Mackland. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1899.

Tree vigorous; fruit above medium size, red over yellow; clingstone; rots badly.

Macomber. Domestica. Listed in Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 39. 1899.

Macomber No. 1 and No. 2. Americana. Letter from Kerr.

Two inferior seedlings from a Mr. Macomber of Vermont.

Madame Henri Deschars. Insititia? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Mirabelle Tardive Mme. H. Deschars 1.

Mathieu’s notice refers to Journal de la Societe Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France 608. 1878.

Madame Nicolle. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:53. 1900. Souvenir de Madame Nicolle 1.

A European variety tested on the grounds of the British Columbia Experimental Station; inferior.

Madam Leeds. Species? 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:279. 1900.

A seedling unintroduced and of unknown parentage grown by George Temple, presumably of Iowa. Tree resembles Poole Pride, productive; fruit the size of Wild Goose, bright red; drops easily; late.

Madeleine. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 156, 359. 1895.

Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit large, oval; yellow with reddish spots; good; early.

Madison. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 6:355. 1849. 2. Horticulturist 4:214. 1849. 3. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 355. 1867.

A chance seedling from the garden of Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York; first fruiting in 1847 and supposed to be a cross between Bleeker and Blue Gage. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; yellow with reddish blush; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, rich, sweet, pleasant; good; freestone; very late.

Mainzer Frühzwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 439. 1889.

Majestic Damson. Insititia. 1. Stone & Wellington Cat. 1907.

Introduced by Stone and Wellington of Toronto, Ontario. Fruit large, purple; bloom heavy; freestone; early.

Mallard. Domestica. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 289. 1889. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 131:189. 1897. 3. Rivers Cat. 34. 1898.

A seedling from Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree of moderate vigor and hardiness; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; deep purple; flesh yellow, rich, juicy; good; freestone; early; said to rot but little; not hardy.

Mamelonnée. Domestica. 1. Gen. Farmer 10:241. 1849. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 371. 1866. 3. Guide Prat. 157, 359. 1895.

Die Brustwarzenpflaume 3. Mamelon 3. Mamelon Sageret 2.

Raised by M. Sageret of Paris, France. Tree of medium size; fruit roundish-oval, strongly necked, yellowish-green, mottled with red; light bloom; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sweet; similar to Reine Claude except in shape.

Manitoba. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, clear red; freestone.

Manitoba No. 1. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:22. 1905.

A wild variety from Manitoba, Canada. Fruit of medium size, bright red; skin thick and bitter; very early.

Manitoba Seedlings. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897-1900. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:22. 1905.

Several seedlings bearing the numbers 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Station from seed obtained in Manitoba. Early bearing and productivity are their chief desirable characters.

Mankato. Americana. 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 332, 481. 1896. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 157. 1901. 3. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 228. 1903.

German Prune Seedling 3.

Originated on the farm of Louis J. Eider, four miles north of Mankato in Nicollet County, Minnesota; introduced by S. D. Richardson and Son of Winnebago City, Minnesota, in 1890. Tree vigorous, fairly productive; fruit above medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture faint; skin free from the pulp; dull red; dots yellow; flesh yellow, sometimes red next the stone, sweet, rich; good; semi-clinging; late.

Manning. Domestica. 1. Manning Book of Fruits 103. 1838. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 335. 1849. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 930. 1869.

Large Long Blue 1. Large Long Blue 2, 3. Manning’s Long Blue 2, 3. Manning’s Long Blue 3. Mannings Long Blue Prune 3. Manning’s Long Blue Prune 2. Manning’s Prune 3.

Received by Robert Manning from Landreth’s Nursery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, without a name; probably a seedling of the German Prune. Tree vigorous; fruit large, long-oval; suture obscure; cavity small; dark purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, sprightly, pleasant; good; stone long, pointed, free; mid-season; ripening period long.

Marais des Cygne. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 5. 1900.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1900. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, purplish-red; good; clingstone; subject to rot; mid-season.

Marange. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 156, 359. 1895.

Petit-Monsieur? 1, 2.

Tree small, very productive; fruit small, round, reddish-violet; skin unusually free; flesh yellow; very good for its season; very early.

Marble. Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:225. 1899. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 217. 1901.

Fourth of July 1.

Grown by A. L. Bruce of Texas, who states that it is a cross between Weaver and Crimson Beauty, but Waugh considers Mr. Bruce’s Weaver to be Miner. Fruit small, heart-shaped; cavity medium deep; suture shallow; dark wine-red; skin tough; flesh yellow, sweet, rich; good; stone small, clinging.

Marble. Species? 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 412. 1899.

Originated in Brown County, Minnesota; tree vigorous and productive; fruit small, round, mottled red; good; mid-season; subject to rot.

Marbled-Plum. Domestica. 1. Rea Flora 207. 1676. 2. Ray Hist. Plant. 1529. 1688.

Marble Plum 2.

Fruit mottled yellow and red at full maturity becoming a uniform red; flesh firm; good.

Marcellus. Americana mollis. 1. Kerr Cat. 9. 1898. 2. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:24, 50, 51 fig. 1905. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

Grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa from seed of Van Buren; first fruited in 1893. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture lacking; light red; bloom light; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

Marcus. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 333. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:47. 1897. 3. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:24, 50 fig. 1905.

Originated with M. E. Hinckley, Marcus, Iowa, from seed gathered from a grove of wild plums on the Little Sioux River in 1870. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit large, round, dark red, resembling Miner; flesh firm, meaty; good; early.

Mardy. Domestica. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 9. 1890.

A seedling from West Virginia grown by a Mr. Mardy. Fruit large, oval, red.

Margate. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 578. 1629.

Parkinson says of it “the worst of a hundred.”

Marietta. Triflora ×? 1. Ga. Sta. Bul. 67:264 fig. 1904 2. Ibid. 68:7 fig., 36. 1905.

A chance seedling found growing on the grounds of the Kennesau Wholesale Nursery Company, in 1900, at the edge of a block of Triflora varieties. Tree very vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, broadly conical, yellow overlaid with red; dots yellow; skin slightly waxy; flesh soft, juicy, pleasant; quality fair; clingstone; free from rot.

Marjorie. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

A seedling of Lottie grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, round, light yellow partly overspread with red; dots small; flesh yellow, rich, sweet; semi-clinging.

Marigan. Domestica. 1. Quebec Pom. Soc. Rpt. 9. 1905.

Tree productive. Fruit large, round, greenish-yellow with a blush; good.

Marion. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:40. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 157. 1901.

Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened at the apex; suture a line; cavity shallow; stem long, slender; red on a yellow ground; bloom thin; skin thick; flesh sweet, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Marketman. Triflora. 1. Burbank Cat. 1893. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 138. 1901.

Shipper 1, 2.

A seedling of Satsuma grown by Luther Burbank and sold under the name Shipper but changed by Waugh to prevent confusion with an older Shipper. Tree moderate in growth, sturdy and upright; fruit oval, light red; bloom light; flesh firm, sweet, juicy; fruit keeps and ships well.

Marmorierte Eierpflaume. Domestica. Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889.

Prune d’Oeuf Marbrée.

Marster. Domestica? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 96. 1887. 2. Brown Bros. Cat. 1900.

Marster’s 2.

Supposed to have originated in South Carolina about 1883; reported four years later by J. R. Hart from Nova Scotia; introduced by Brown Brothers of Ontario. Tree hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, oval, dark purple; flesh fine-grained, rich; good; mid-season.

Marten. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 6:133. 1851. 2. Cultivator 6:268. 1858. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 931. 1869.

Marten’s Seedling 3. Marten’s Seedling 1, 2.

A chance seedling found growing in the garden of a Mr. Marten, Schenectady, New York, by Professor Jackson of Union College. Tree very vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oblong; suture deep; cavity small; yellow, streaked with green and dotted with red in the sun; flesh yellow, slightly coarse, juicy, sprightly; very good; freestone; mid-season.

Mary. Domestica. 1. Gard. & For. 7:19. 1894. 2. Storrs & Harrison Cat. 1898.

A supposed cross between Duane and Yellow Gage grown by R. A. Hunt, Euclid, Ohio, about 1882; introduced by Storrs & Harrison in 1898. Tree very productive; fruit of medium size, yellow; bloom delicate; flesh yellow; good; mid-season.

Mary. Americana mollis. 1. Kerr Cat. 1900. 2. Terry Cat. 1900.

Grown from seed of Van Buren in 1893 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree productive, spreading; fruit light red on a yellow ground; good; mid-season.

Maryland. Angustifolia watsoni × (Prunus besseyi × Angustifolia watsoni). 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:41. 1898. 3. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:17. 1898.

Grown by J. W. Kerr from seed of Utah Hybrid; introduced by the originator in 1894. Tree larger than the parent; fruit small, round; suture lacking; dark brownish-red; flesh soft, watery, sweet, pleasant; quality fair; clingstone.

Mas. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 359. 1895.

Similar to De Montfort.

Mason. Angustifolia varians. 1. Kerr Cat. 1897. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 464. 1900. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 196. 1901.

Originated near Leander, Williamson County, Texas, with a Mr. Mason; introduced about 1896 by F. T. Ramsey. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, red; flesh firm; good; clingstone; very early.

Matchless. Domestica. 1. Rea Flora 208. 1676. 2. Langley Pomona 93, 97, Pl. 24 fig. 1. 1729.

White Matchless 2.

Fruit yellow; bloom white; excellent flavor; very productive.

Mathews. Hortulana. 1. Stark Bros. Cat. 1902. 2. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 211. 1906. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 114:139. 1910.

Matthews 2.

Grown by B. A. Mathews of Knoxville, Iowa, as a sport from Peach Leaf; introduced by Stark Brothers, Missouri. Tree hardy; fruit small, ruby-red; recommended for jellies and preserves.

Mauchete. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:93. 1832.

Mouchetée 1.

A French variety of the Reine Claude type. Fruit small, oval; suture a line; cavity minute; greenish; bloom heavy; flesh green, firm, sweet; freestone; mid-season.

Maude Lacy. Americana. 1. Terry Cat. 1900.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; fruit large; bright yellow with a red cheek; flesh firm; semi-clinging.

Maugeron. Domestica. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:76. 1768. 2. Knoop Fructologie 2:52, 57. 1771. 3. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:42, Tab. 195 fig. 2. 1796. 4. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 1. 1846. 5. Prince Pom. Man. 2:81. 1832. 6. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 931. 1869. 7. Hogg Fruit Man. 694. 1884. 8. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 426. 1889.

Damascene Maugeron 6, 8. Damascene von Mangeron 8. Damascene von Maugeron 8. Damas de Mangeron 6, 8. Damas de Mangeron 7. Damas de Maugeron 3, 5, 8. Damas de Maugerou 1, 4. Damas de Maugerou 8. Damas de Maugiron 8. Damas Violet 2. Die Damascenerpflaume von Maugeron 3. Königs Pflaume von Maugerou 8. Mangeron 6, 7, 8. Maugeron 4, 8. Maugeron Damask 5. Maugeron Damask 6, 8. Maugiron 2.

An old variety, probably of French origin. Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish-oblate; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; purplish; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, sweet and agreeable; freestone; September. Prince states that there are two varieties under this name, differing in size, but no other writer mentions the two.

Mayerboeck Zwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889.

Mayerboeck’s Rote Zwetsche.

Mayer Hellrote. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 359. 1895.

Mayer’s Hellrothe Damascene.

“A variety of little merit.”

Mayer Königspflaume. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889.

Royale? Die Königin? Royale de Mayer.

Mayers Rothe Damascene. Domestica. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:87. 1873. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 359. 1895.

Damas Rouge de Mayer 1. Damas Rouge de Mayer 2. Damas Rouge de Moyer 1. Mayers Braunrothe Königspflaume 2. Mayers Rothe Damascene 1.

A seedling of Red Magnum Bonum raised by Liegel and dedicated to his colleague, A. J. Mayer. Tree of normal vigor; fruit large, thick-ellipsoid, slightly truncated; suture wide, shallow; stem medium in length and size; cavity shallow; skin tender, not adherent; purple; flesh yellowish, fine, melting, juicy, sweet and aromatic; clingstone; mid-season.

McCartney. Angustifolia varians. 1. Munson Cat. 1898. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 197. 1901.

Brought to notice by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture visible; dots whitish; golden-yellow; flesh sweet, melting; very good; clingstone.

McGillivray. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 424. 1897.

Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit small, oval, light red; flesh yellow, juicy, slightly astringent; clingstone; early.

McPherson. Species? 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 32:479. 1899.

Tree low, bushy, thorny, hardy; fruit small, round, golden-yellow; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone.

McRea. Triflora. 1. Glen St. Mary Cat. 21. 1911.

McRea was grown near Lake City, Columbia County, Florida, from seed of Kelsey; introduced in the fall of 1910 by the Glen Saint Mary Nursery Company. Fruit of medium size, roundish; yellow, washed with dull red in the sun; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, subacid; good; mid-season.

Meads. Triflora. 1. Rural N. Y. 64:711. 1905.

Meads Seedling Plum 1.

A seedling grown by H. O. Mead, Lunenburg, Massachusetts. Fruit large, light reddish-purple; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

Mediterranean. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 6:133. 1851. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 931. 1869.

Originated in central New York. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, ovate, necked; cavity small; light crimson; flesh yellow, sweet, sprightly; good; freestone; mid-season.

Meigs. Domestica. 1. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 342. 1867.

Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture indistinct; dull reddish-purple, with numerous gray dots; stalk long, slender, curved; cavity small; flesh greenish-yellow, rich, excellent; clingstone; late.

Melnicker Zwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889.

Melon. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1898. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:280. 1900. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul. 87:14. 1901.

From Iowa. Fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity lacking; suture slight; yellowish-red; bloom thin; flesh fibrous; quality fair; freestone; mid-season.

Meneray. Species? 1. Meneray Cat.

A seedling of unknown parentage from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit and foliage indicate a fusion of Americana and Triflora blood. Fruit large, oblong, pear-shaped, yellow tinged with red; good.

Mereton. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:54. 1900. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 432. 1905.

Mereton’s Egg. 1. Merton’s Egg 2.

Fruit small, oval; cavity small; yellow; flesh yellowish; poor; of no value.

Meroldt. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 436. 1881. 2. Lauche Deut. Pom. Pl. IV, 13. 1882. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 712. 1884. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889.

Meroldt’s Gelbe Reine-Claude 4. Meroldt’s Golden Gage 3. Meroldt’s Golden Gage 4. Meroldt’s Reineclaude 1, 2, 4. Reine-Claude de Meroldt 4.

This variety was grown by Dr. Meroldt, Lischnitz, Bohemia, probably from the seed of the Apricot plum. Tree grows quickly, medium in size; fruit medium, roundish; suture shallow; skin adherent; yellow, sometimes with reddish spots; cavity shallow; stem extremely short, finely hairy; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, with Reine Claude flavor; freestone; mid-season.

Merryweather. Insititia. 1. Garden 74:527, Col. Pl. 1910.

This plum originated with H. Merryweather and Sons of Southwell, Notts, England, and received an award of merit in 1907 from the Royal Horticultural Society. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, juicy, purple; Damson-like flavor; good; excellent for preserving.

Merunka. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 152. 1831. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1887. 3. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1890. 4. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 46. 1895. 5. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:279, 280. 1900.

Leipsic 2, 5. Leipzig 3. Leipzig Early Quetsche 1. Marunka 4. Quetsche de Leipzig 2. 113 Riga 3. Zwetsche Leipziger 2.

In 1884 J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station introduced several plums from Russia. Among these the Merunka and Leipsic proved to be identical. The name Merunka is retained because Leipsic has been used as a synonym of German Prune. Fruit of Lombard type, medium in size, oval; cavity deep, narrow; suture faint; apex depressed; purplish-red; bloom thin; skin thin; flesh yellow, tender, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Merville d’Automne. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 162, 359. 1895.

A large yellow variety of good quality ripening about mid-season.

Meyer. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894-1900.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, round; cavity small; purplish-red over yellow; clingstone; mid-season.

Miama. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:256, 257. 1905.

Miami 1.

Miama as tested at the Ohio Experiment Station proved to be identical with Lombard. J. W. Kerr of Denton, Maryland, who introduced the variety in 1894 writes: “When I first received cions from the West, I thought it was a native; but finding it to be a Domestica, dropped it at once.”

Mignonne. Domestica. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 149. 1831.

Reported by the London Horticultural Society as growing on their grounds.

Miles. Species? 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:79. 1892. 2. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1903. 3. Ibid. 424. 1905.

Said to have originated in Illinois from seed secured in North Carolina. Tree productive; fruit small, light red; quality fair; clingstone.

Miller. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, round, red on an orange ground; clingstone; mid-season.

Miller. Domestica. 1. Ohio Sta. Bul. 162:241, 256, 257. 1905.

Fruit very large, roundish, sides unequal; cavity narrow, deep; stem short, stout; suture distinct; dark purple on a dark green ground; dots numerous, bronze; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, rich, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Miller. Species? 1. Glen St. Mary Nur. Cat. 1907.

Introduced by the Glen St. Mary Nursery Company of Florida in 1907. Fruit of medium size, greenish-yellow; very good.

Miller No. 1. Domestica.

Miller No. 1 is an unintroduced seedling of German Prune supposedly crossed with Jefferson; grown by D. J. Miller of Millersburg, Ohio. Fruit of medium size, long-oval tapering to both ends; suture a line; cavity shallow; deep yellow; bloom thin; dots conspicuous; flesh yellow, tender, sweet, good; stone large, long-oval, semi-clinging, pointed; mid-season; resembles the German Prune in shape and size.

Miller No 5. Munsoniana. Letter from Kerr.

Grown by David Miller, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, red; clingstone.

Millett. Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:25. 1905.

Millett’s Wild Plum 1.

From South Dakota. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small.

Millett Early Red. Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:25. 1905.

Millett’s Early Red 1.

A variety found growing wild near Pierre, South Dakota. Trees low and bushy, hardy, unproductive; fruit small, red on a yellow ground; skin thick; flesh firm, sweet; quality fair; stone large; early.

Millett T. T. Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:25. 1905.

From South Dakota; fruit very small.

Millett Very Early Red. Americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 93:25. 1905.

Millett’s Very Early Red 1.

Not as early as Millett Early Red.

Mills. Domestica. 1. Waugh Plum Cult. 116. 1901.

Fruit medium in size, oval; cavity shallow; suture faint; purplish-red; dots prominent, white; flesh greenish; quality fair; freestone; late.

Mills Seedling. Nigra? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:39. 1903.

Fruit roundish heart-shaped, below medium in size; cavity narrow, moderately deep; suture a line; deep red; dots obscure; bloom light; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh deep yellow, juicy, slightly sweet, astringent; poor; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, nearly free.

Milton Gage. Domestica. 1. Mag. Hort. 6:94. 1840.

Reported by C. M. Hovey as fruiting in the nursery of Charles Downing, Newburgh, New York, seventy years ago.

Minco. Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:272. 1901. 2. Munson Cat. 1902.

A cross between Miner and Wayland from T. V. Munson in 1896. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity lacking; suture a line; bright, dark red faintly striped; dots many, distinct; bloom light; flesh yellow, firm, rich, sweet, meaty; very good; freestone; late.

Minion. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 69. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as a “yellowish-white” plum.

Minnesota. Domestica. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 31:348. 1895. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:319. 1903.

A European variety introduced into Minnesota from Denmark. Tree vigorous, very hardy; fruit large, ovate; suture distinct; cavity deep, narrow; dark blue; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid; very good; stone small, free.

Minnesota Seedling. Americana. Letter from J. W. Kerr.

An inferior variety from a Mr. Macomber of Vermont.

Minnetonka. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:40. 1892. 2. Kerr Cat. 1897. 3. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:41. 1898.

Introduced by Peter Gideon of Minnesota. Tree small, slow-growing, bushy top; fruit small, oval, red on a yellow ground; skin thick; flesh firm, acid; clingstone; mid-season.

Minnie. Domestica. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 46:280. 1900.

From H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota, who raised it from the seed of a large blue Domestica plum. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, necked, greenish-yellow; good; late.

Minnie. Triflora × Munsoniana. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:17. 1898. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 219. 1901.

Originated in North Carolina with J. S. Breece, who considers it an offspring of Abundance pollinated with Wild Goose. The foliage resembles that of Abundance.

Mirabelle De Bohn. Insititia. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:177. 1873. 2. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 472. 1894. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 423. 1889.

Bohns Gestreifte Mirabelle 1, 3. Bohns Mirabelle 2, 3. Bohns Mirabelle 1. Mirabelle de Bohn 3. Mirabelle Rayee 3.

Liegel received this variety from Henry de Bohn of Upper Austria. Tree of medium vigor, productive; fruit small, roundish; suture a line; skin tender, yellow, marbled with red; stem slender; flesh yellow, tender, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

Mirabelle de Flotow. Insititia. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:105, fig. 1873. 2. Rev. Hort. 476. 1901.

Flotows Allerfrüheste Mirabelle 1. Mirabelle La Plus Hâtive de Flotow 1. Von Flótows Mirabelle 1.

According to Mas, “this variety was obtained from a seed of Perdrigon Violet by Liegel and dedicated by him to M. de Flotow, of Dresden, one of the first collaborators of The Illustrirtes Handbuch.” Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit small, spherical, yellow, dotted with red on the sunny side; stem medium in length and size; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, soft, sweet, of Apricot flavor, very pleasant; early.

Mirabelle de Ronvaux. Insititia. 1. Guide Prat. 163, 359. 1895.

“A variety of little merit.”

Mirabelle Double de Herrenhausen. Insititia. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 426. 1881. 2. Guide Prat. 155, 360. 1895. 3. Rev. Hort. 476. 1901.

Herrnhauser Doppelte Mirabelle 1. Herrnhauser doppelte Mirabelle 2.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit small to medium, yellow mottled with red; flesh yellow, sweet; good; late, following Drap d’Or.

Mirabelle Précoce de Flaford. Insititia. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 440. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 163, 360. 1895.

Reported as being similar to Early Mirabelle.

Mirabelle Verte. Insititia. 1. Mas Le Verger 6:91. 1866-73. 2. Guide Prat. 162, 360. 1895.

Grüne Mirabelle 1, 2.

From a Herr Commans of Cologne, Prussia. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit small, roundish-oblate; suture deep; cavity deep, wide; skin tender, free; green marbled with yellow; stem short; flesh green, fine, soft, sweet, aromatic; freestone. Resembles Reine Claude and may contain Domestica blood.

Mission Prune. Domestica. 1. Bailey Cyc. Hort. 3:1376. 1901.

A large number of plums were planted over a century ago around the old Mission at Santa Clara, California; after the abandonment of the Mission this variety was found propagating itself by suckers and was cultivated as late as 1870.

Mississippi. Munsoniana. 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 50. 1885. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 187, 188 fig. 1901.

Mississippi Red 2.

Introduced by J. M. Shell of Georgetown, Texas, about 1875. Fruit large, oval; cavity very shallow; suture lacking; clear red; dots many, yellow; skin thin, tough; flesh soft, yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Missouri. Munsoniana? 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 39, 41, 99. 1889. 2. Ala. Col. Sta. Bul. 11:12. 1890.

An unimportant variety occasionally found in Alabama and Georgia. Fruit of medium size, oblong, red; flesh firm; good; clingstone; late.

Missouri Green Gage. Domestica. 1. Bailey Ann. Hort. 196. 1891. 2. Ohio Sta. Bul. 113:160. 1899. 3. Ibid. 162:239, 256. 1905.

Introduced in 1891 by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri. As tested by the Ohio and New York Experiment Stations it appears to be either identical with or a strain of the Imperial Gage.

Mistake. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 152:210. 1898. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 548. 1901.

Fruit above medium size, oblong-oval; suture distinct; sides unequal; purple; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet, pleasant; mid-season.

Mitchelson. Insititia. 1. Gard. Chron. 892, 894. 1860. 2. Flor. & Pom. 152. 1862. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 932. 1869. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:65. 1873.

De Mitchelson 4. Mitchelson 3. Mitchelson’s 1, 2. Mitchelson’s 4.

Raised by a Mr. Mitchelson, at Kingston on the Thames, England; a seedling of a Damson. Fruit above medium size, oval; suture indistinct; dark purple; dots few, fawn-colored; bloom thin; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy and sweet; freestone; excellent for culinary purposes.

Mivian. Domestica. Listed in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 150. 1831.

Mollie. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1900. 2. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 422, 424. 1905.

Molly 2.

Originated with Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Fruit small, round, red, watery; clingstone; mid-season.

Monon. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 11. 1897.

Tree very productive; fruit small, greenish with dull red blotches; poor; clingstone; subject to rot.

Monona. Species? 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:24, 48. 1897.

From Christian Steinman, Mapleton, Iowa; said to be the size of Miner but two weeks earlier.

Monolith. Triflora? × Munsoniana? 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 46. 1895. 2. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:17. 1898.

Originated by J. S. Breece of North Carolina; thought to be a cross between Abundance and Wild Goose although it does not show Triflora characters. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium; suture shallow; coppery-red, striped with darker red; skin thin, bitter; flesh yellowish, translucent, meaty, tender, juicy, fibrous, mild, subacid, rich; good; stone semi-clinging.

Monsieur á Fruit Vert. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 441. 1889.

Mathieu found it referred to in Journal de la Societie Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France 281. 1883.

Mont Barbat d’Ente. Domestica. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 356. 1891.

An improved type of Agen coming from the Mont Barbat orchard in the Lot Valley, France.

Montgomery. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 6:187, 294, 524. 1851.

Montgomery Prune 1.

Found by E. W. Carpenter of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, growing on the premises of a Mr. Montgomery about 1830. Tree very productive; fruit large, oval, purple; quality very good.

Montmorency. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:35. 1903. 2. Quebec Pom. Soc. Rpt. 9, 66, 68. 1905.

Reine-Claude de Montmorency 2. Reine-Claude de Montmorency 1.

Montmorency is thought to be a seedling of the Reine Claude, imported into Canada in 1790 by Lord Dorchester; extensively cultivated in the eastern part of Quebec but unknown in the United States. Tree very hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity narrow, shallow; stem medium in length; suture indistinct; skin tough, greenish-yellow, blushed with red; flesh yellow, very juicy, moderately firm, sweet, rich; very good; stone small, oval, nearly free.

Montreal. Species? 1. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 64. 1897.

Mentioned by Harold Jones of Martland, Ontario, in the report of the Fruit Experimental Station for 1897.

Moody. Domestica. 1. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 27:15. 1904.

Tree productive; fruit large, reddish-purple, good; mid-season.

Moon. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Colo. Sta. Bul. 50:42. 1898.

Fruit of medium size, round; no suture; deep red over a yellow ground; skin thin; flesh moderately firm, subacid; clingstone; mid-season.

Moore Early. Insititia. 1. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 5:116. 1898.

Moore’s Early 1.

An extremely hardy variety of the Damson type. Tree spreading; fruit of medium size; grows in clusters; dark purple; good; nearly freestone; desirable for jellies and preserves.

Moreman. Hortulana. 1. Kerr Cat. 13. 1899-1900.

Moreman Cherry 1.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska. Tree vigorous; fruit large, bright red; clingstone.

Morines. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 70. 1699.

A red plum noted only by Quintinye.

Morin Hâtif. Cerasifera? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:59. 1771.

Fruit of medium size, round, red; resembles the Myrobalan plum except that its leaves are larger and its season a little later.

Mountain. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:35. 1903.

A promising variety from W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium; suture distinct; greenish-yellow more or less overspread with dull coppery-red; dots yellow, distinct; bloom thin; flesh yellowish-green, sweet, rich; very good; clingstone; mid-season.

Mountain Plum. Munsoniana? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 86. 1871. 2. Gard. Mon. 20:177. 1878.

A late variety of the “Chicasaw” group.

Mount Royal. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:35. 1903.

Dunlop 54 1.

A seedling from W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium deep; suture distinct; dark purple; dots numerous, distinct; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Moyen. Domestica. 1. Quintinye Com. Gard. 68. 1699.

Pitch Plum 1.

Mentioned by Quintinye as “a dry plum having a sharp and sourish taste.”

Moyen de Bourgoyne. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:95. 1832.

Moyen de Bourgogne 1.

Probably not the same as the Moyen of Quintinye. According to Prince it is a large, oval, yellow plum, of indifferent quality; late. This name applied to a purple variety is a synonym of Early Perdrigon.

Moyer. Domestica. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2d Ser. 3:54. 1900.

Tree vigorous, unproductive. Fruit of medium size, roundish; stem short; cavity small, shallow; suture shallow; dark reddish-purple; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, pleasant; clingstone.

Moyret. Domestica. 1. Mas Le Verger 6:31 fig. 16. 1866-73. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 933. 1869. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 441. 1889.

Moyret’s Gage 2. Moyrets Gage 3. Moyret’s Reine Claude 3. Reine-Claude Moyret 1. Reine-Claude Moyret 2, 3.

A chance seedling of the Reine Claude obtained on M. Moyret’s place at Neuville-sur-Ain, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, roundish, reddish to violet-purple; suture wide, shallow; cavity wide, deep; stem rather short; flesh green, fine, a little firm, juicy, sweet, aromatic; of high quality; freestone; mid-season.