INDEX

Abdomen, 109; of Hymenoptera, 492 f. Abdominal appendages, 188, 189, 190 Acantherpestes, 74, 76 Accessory glands, 392, 404 Acheta, 330, 338 Achorutes murorum, 194 Acini, 126 Acoustic orifice, 317 Acridiidae, 201, 279-310, 309 Acridiides, 310 Acridium peregrinum, 298; growth, 156; at sea, 297 —see also Schistocerca Acrophyllides, 278 Aculeata, 520 Aculeates and Proctotrypids, 535, 564 Adler, on alternation of generations, 530; on galls, 526 f.; on useless males, 498 Aeschna cyanea, 412; A. grandis, labium, 411; nymph, 420, 421 Aeschninae, 416, 426 Agaonides, 547 Agathemera, 274, 276 Agrion nymph, 426 Agrion pulchellum, 412 Agrioninae, 412, 426 Agriotypides, 557 Agriotypus armatus, 557 Air sacs, 128, 282, 283, 294, 495 Alaptus excisus, 537; A. fusculus, 538 Alar organs, of earwigs, 206; of Blattidae, 225; of Mantidae, 245; of Phasmidae, 269; of Acridiidae, 281; development of, in earwigs, 212; in Mantidae, 248 —see also Tegmina, Wings, Elytra Alary muscles, 134 Albarda on Raphidiides, 448 Alder flies, 444 Aleuropteryx, 471 Alimentary canal, 123-127, 403, 446; of may-flies, 438 f.; of Panorpa, 450; closed, 457, 466, 496, 544 Alitrunk, 489 f., 490, 492 Alloea, 561 Alternation of generations, 497, 530 Amber, Myriapods in, 74, 76, 77; Insects, 179; Aptera, 196; Blattidae, 239; Mantidae, 258; Phasmidae, 276; Psocidae, 397; Perlidae, 407; Phryganeidae, 485; Tenthredinidae, 518; Cynipidae, 533 Ambua, 40 Ameles, 245 Ametabola, 158, 174 Amnion, 148, 545 Amnios, 291 Amorphoscelides, 251, 259 Amorphoscelis annulicornis, 251 Amphibiotica, 342 Amphientomum paradoxum, 397 Ampulex, abdomen, 492 Ampulla, 290 Amylispes, 76 Anabolia furcata, mouth-parts, 475; A. nervosa, larva, 476 Anabrus purpurascens, 321 Anaplecta azteca, folded wing, 227 Anaplectinae, 240 Anatomy—see External Structure and Internal Anatomy Anax formosus, 410, 414 Anderson, Dr. J., on Gongylus, 254 Anechura scabriuscula, 208 Anisolabis maritima, 205; A. moesto, 205; A. tasmanica, 216 Anisomorpha pardalina, 274 Anisomorphides, 278 Anisopterides, 412, 414, 426; nymphs, 421 Anomalon, metamorphosis, 552 Anomalopteryx, 484 Anostostoma australasiae, 326 Anoura, 190 Ant, brain, 119; nervous system, 495; castes, 500 Ant destroyer, 545, 559 Ante-clypeus, 93 Antennae, 97; growth of, 212 Anthophora retusa, parasites of, 544, 545 Anthophorabia retusa, 545 Ant-lions, 453, 454 Anurida maritima, 194, 195 Aorta, 133, 134 Apanteles glomeratus, 561 Apatania, 481; A. arctica, A. muliebris, 481 Apex, 112 Aphilothrix, 531 Apocrita, 519 Apodeme, 103 Apophysis, 103, 520 Appendages, 91, 188, 189, 190 Aptera, 172, 180-189 Apterous Insects, 205, 216, 217, 220, 234, 235, 252, 261, 262, 264, 269, 272, 274, 277, 299, 302, 303, 307, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 329, 518, 556, 561 —see also Wingless Insects Apterygogenea, 175, 196 Aquatic Acridiidae, 301, 303; Aq. Hymenoptera, 538, 557; Aq. Phasmids, 272 Arachnides antennistes, 77 Archidesmidae, 76 Archidesmus, 76 Archijulidae, 76 Archipolypoda, 74, 76 Arolium, 105, 223 Arrhenotoky, 141, 498 Arthromeres, 87 Arumatia ferula, anatomy, 262 Ascalaphides, 459 f. Ascalaphus coccajus, 459; A. longicornis, 459; A. macaronius, 460; eggs, 460 Aschipasma catadromus, 263, 266 Aschipasmides, 278 Ashmead, on Mymarides, 537; on Proctotrypids, 537; on Scleroderma, 536 Astroma, 300 Asymmetry, 216 Athalia (centifoliae) spinarum, 515 Atropinae, 394 f. Atropos divinatoria, 394 f., 396 Atta (Oecodoma) cephalotes, 501 Attitude, 248, 250, 256, 268, 514 Attraction of light, 230 Auditory organ, 400; of Calotermes, 358 —see also Ear Audouin on thorax, 100, 101 Aulacus, 562 Aulax, 532 Avicenna, 41 Axes of body, 113 Bacillides, 278 Bacillus patellifer, 263 Bacteria, 276 Bacteriides, 277 Bacunculides, 277 Baëtis, 433 Ballostoma, 196 Ballowitz on spermatozoa, 140 Barber, Mrs., on S. African locust, 294 Barbitistes yersini, 321 Barnston on Perlidae, 402, 405 Barriers with eggs, 461 Base, 112 Basement membrane, 162 Bassett on oviposition of inquilines, 532 Bataillon, on metamorphosis, 131, 168; on reversed circulation, 135 Bates, on singing grasshopper, 319; on Termites, 375 Bateson, on forceps of earwig, 209; on antennae of same, 212 Batrachotettix whiti, 305 Bedeguar, 527, 531 Bees killed by Locusta, 321 Belt on domestic cockroaches, 231 Bermuda, 33 Bertkau, on Psocus, 391; on micropterous Psocidae, 394 Bethylus habits, 535 Bherwa, 326 Bird eaten by Mantis, 250 Bird-lice, 345, 351 Biting-lice, 345, 351 Bittacus, 451, 453; B. tipularius, 452 Blabera, 235; wings, 237; B. gigantea, 222 Blaberides, 241 Black beetle, 221 Blanjulidae, 44 Blanjulus, 44 Blastoderm, 147 Blastophaga grossorum, 547 f. Blatta, 240 Blattidae, 201, 220-241, 240; parasites of, 563 Blattinae, 240 Blind Insects, 217, 233 Blood, 132 Blood-gills, 479 Blowfly, egg, 145; metamorphosis, 163 Bolivar on eyes of Machilis, 185 Bombus, dorsal vessel of, 133; metamorphosis, 497; B. lucorum, 488 Bombyliidae, 291 Bonnet and Finot on Eugaster, 324 Book-lice, 390 f. Boreus hiemalis, 451; larva, 453 Boutan on concealment of leaf-like Insects, 323 Brachyscelides, 526 Brachystola magna, 308 Brachytrypes megacephalus, 332 Bracon palpebrator, 559 Braconidae, 558 f. Bradford Cave, Myriapods in, 34 Brain, 118, 120; of ant, 119; of Perlidae, 404 Branchiae, 401, 421 —see also Gills Brandt on nervous system, 119, 495 Brauer, on classification, 175; on median segment, 491; on hypermetamorphosis, 160; on Menorhyncha, etc., 161; on Ascalaphus larva, 460; on development of Mantispa, 464; on Palaeodictyoptera, 486; on Panorpa larva, 452; on tegmina of Phyllium, 270 Breitenbach on Proscopiides, 299 Bridgman on British Ichneumonidae, 557 Brindley on growth of cockroach, 229 British, Myriapods, 36; Orthoptera, 201; earwigs, 215; grasshoppers and locusts, 308; crickets, 339; Psocidae, 395; Perlidae, 406; Odonata, 424; Sialidae, 444, 448; Chrysopides, 469; Trichoptera, 480; Phytophagous Hymenoptera, 504; Siricidae, 510; Cynipidae, 533; Ichneumonidae, 557; Braconidae, 561 Brongniart, on fossil Insects, 428; on fossil Neuroptera, 343; on Neuropteroidea, 486; on post-embryonic development of locust, 287; on young Mantis, 247 f. Brongniart and Becquerel on chlorophyll in Phyllium, 268 Bruner on variation of Orthoptera, 304 Brunner, on Hypertely, 322; on classification of Orthoptera, 202; of Blattidae, 240; of Mantidae, 259; of Phasmidae, 277; of Acridiidae, 309; of Locustidae, 328; on variation of Oedipoda, 304 Bryodema tuberculata, 281 Bugnion on histolysis, 166; on Encyrtus, 545 Buller on Weta-punga, 326 Burchell on Mantis, 249 Burgess on Psocus, 391 f. Burmeister on Mantidae, 250 Bursa copulatrix, 139 Caddis-flies, 473 f. Caecum, 125 Caenis dimidiata, 442 Calcares, 104 Calepteryginae, 422, 426 Calepteryx, 417, 420, 422; its eggs' parasite, 538 Callimenides, 318, 329 Callimome bedeguaris, 532 Caloptenus spretus, 288 f., 289, 298, 303; development, 289 Calotermes flavicollis, 362, 363, 371, 376; C. nodulosus, 359; C. rugosus, 358, 382, 383 Calvert on Odonata, 412 Calvisia atrosignata, 266, 273 Calyx, 283, 439 Cameron, on ant-parasite, 545; on gall-producing plants, 527; on parthenogenesis, 498, 499, 517; on Pimpla larva, 557 Camerano on earwig, 211, 213 Campodea, 61; C. staphylinus, 182, 183, 197 Campodeidae, 183 Camponotus, nerves, 495 Cannibalism, 425, 477 Cantharidae, 291 Capnia vernalis, 405 Caprification, 547 f. Capsule of eggs, 201 —see also Egg-capsule Caraphractus cinctus, 538 Carboniferous, Myriapods, 75, 76; Insects, 196, 238 f., 259, 276, 408, 428, 442 f., 449 Cardiophorus larva, 90 Cardo, 95 Carnivorous and vegetarian, 250 Carpenter bee wings, 494 Carruthers on locust swarm, 292 Case, Hymenopterous, 514 Cases, caddis-fly, 476 f., 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485 Castes, 500, 501 Caudal branchiae, 423 Cave, Myriapods, 34, 37; Insects, 197, 451; Locustidae, 321; cockroach, 232, 233 Cecidomyia, parasites of, 536, 537 Cenchri, 511 Centipedes, 30, 36, 40 Cephalocoema lineata, 299 Cephalonomia formiciformis, 536 Cephidae, 504 f. Cephus integer, 505; C. pygmaeus, 505 Cerci, 110, 183, 216, 257, 337, 400; of Blattidae, 224, 238 Cermatia, 35 Cermatiidae, 46 Ceroys saevissima, 264 Cervical sclerites, 99, 99, 409 Chalcididae, 539 Chalicodoma muraria, nest, parasites, 540 f. Changing colour, 288, 253, 267, 268 Chasmodon apterus, 561 Chatin on labrum, 93; on mandibles, 95 Chauliodes, 447 Cheeks, 94 Cheimatobia brumata, parasites, 521 Chelidura dilatata, 205 Cheshire on fertilisation of bee, 499 Chilaspis lowii, 530; C. nitida, 531 Chilian Insects, 447, 463 Chilognatha, 30, 43, 47, 76; development of, 63-72; structure of, 52-56, 53; double segments, 53, 70 Chilopoda, 30, 33, 44, 47, 52, 74, 75; structure of, 56-59; development of, 70-72 Chitin, 162 Chitinogenous cells, 162 Chlorophyll in tegmina, 269 Choeradodis cancellata, 252 Cholodkovsky, on head, 87; on styles of cockroach, 224; on embryology of Phyllodromia, 237; on morphology of sting, 493 Chordeuma, 31 Chordeumidae, 44 Chordotonal organs, 121 Chorion, 144 Chorisoneura, 240 Chromosomes, 146 Chrysopa eggs, 469; larva, 469; C. aspersa, 470; C. flava, 469; C. pallida larva, 470 Chrysopides, 469 f., 472 Chun on rectal gills, 422 Chyle, 133 Chylific ventricle, 125, 228 Cimbex abdomen, 493; abdominal articulation, 492; dorsal vessel, 134; C. sylvarum, saws, 512 Cimbicides, 511, 517 Cinura, 182 Circulation, 132 f.; in caudal setae, 435 Cladomorphides, 278 Cladonotus humbertianus, 301 Classification, 171 f.; of Blattidae, 240; of Mautidae, 259; of Phasmidae, 277; of Acridiidae, 309; of Locustidae, 328; of Gryllidae, 340 Claws, 105, 106, 469 Clitumnides, 278 Cloëon, eyes, 430; C. dimidiatum, larvule, 432; C. dipterum, nymph, 432; respiration of nymph, 435 Clothilla, 395; C. pulsatoria, 395, 396; anatomy, 392 Clypeus, 92, 93 Cockroaches, 220 Cocoons of sawfly, 515 Coeloblast, 149 Coleoptera, 173 Collembola, 182, 189 f. Collophore, 193 Colour, 200 Commissures, 116 Common cocoons, 515 Compass Termite, 386 Complementary Termites, 361 Compound eyes, 97, 430; (=facetted eyes) in Myriapods, 36 Concealment by movement and position, 268; by selection of place, 308 Coniopterygides, 471 Coniopteryx lutea, 471; C. psociformis, 471; C. tineiformis, 472 Conocephalides, 313, 327, 328 Copiophora cornuta, 313 Cordulegaster, 415; C. annulatus, 415 Cordulegasterinae, 426 Corduliinae, 426 Correlative variation, 536 Corrodentia, 175, 389 Corrosion by Termites, 360 Corydalis, 447; C. crassicornis, 447 Corydaloides scudderi, 344 Corydia, 221; C. petiveriana, 233 Corydiides, 241 Coryna, 550 Corynothrix borealis, 191 Costa, 108 Cotes on Indian locusts, 298 Cotylosoma dipneusticum, 272 Coxa, 88, 104 Craspedosoma, 76 Crawlers, 447 Creepers, 407 Cretaceous Myriapods, 75; Insects, 485 Creutzberg on circulation, 436 Cricket, 330, 338 Crioceris asparagi, legs of larvae, 106 Crop, 114, 124, 495 Crunoecia irrorata, case of, 480 Cryptides, 557 Cryptocerus, abdomen of, 109 Cryptops, 36, 41 Crystalline cone, 98 Cuculligera flexuosa, 304 Cunningham on fig fertilisation, 549 Cursoria (Orthoptera), 201 Cuvier, 77 Cyclops form, 536 Cylindrodes campbellii, 336; C. kochi, 336 Cynipidae, 523 Cynips aciculata, 531; C. disticha, 530; C. folii, 530; C. kollari, 530; C. lignicola, 530; C. spongifica, 531 Cyphocrania aestuans, 266 Cyprus, 32 Cyrtophyllus concavus, 320; C. crepitans, 311 Dahl and Ockler on feet, 105 D'Albertis on may-flies, 441 Damsel-flies, 417 Dancing may-flies, 439 f. Dasyleptus lucasii, 196 Death-watch, 395 f. Decaux on cannibalism of mole-cricket, 336 Deception, 250, 265 Decoys, 257 Decticides, 329 De Geer on earwigs, 214 Degeeriidae, 190 Deinacrida heteracantha, 326 Demoiselles, 417 Dendroleon pantherinus, 458 Denny on Mantis in England, 258 Derham on death-watches, 396, 397 Dermaptera, 202, 216 Dermatoptera, 202 Derocalymma, 235 Deroplatys sarawaca, 243 De Saussure, on Orthoptera, 202; on wings of Blattidae, 226 f.; on classification of Gryllidae, 340; on Hemimerus, 217; on nomenclature of Blattidae, 240; on oceans as barriers to migration, 297 Desert Insects, 253, 304 Deuterotoky, 141, 497 f. Deuto-cerebron, 118 Development, of alar organs of Platycleis, 312; of crickets, 332 —see also Embryology and Metamorphosis Devonian, 428, 442 Dewitz on caste, 500; on ovipositor of Locusta, 314; on morphology of sting, 493; on internal legs, 496; on development of wings of Phryganeidae, 479, 480; on dragon-fly nymphs, 423; on Chrysopa larva, 470 Diaphana fieberi, 226 Diapheromera femorata, 263, 264, 265, 267 Diastrophus, 532 Diaulus, 484 Dicranota, larva, glands of, 142 Dictyoneura, 277, 344 Dictyopteryx microcephala, 406; D. signata, 401 Dielocerus ellisii, 515 Digestion, 127 Dilarina, 465 Dilke, Sir Charles, on Orchis-like Mantis, 254 Dimorphic cocoons, 560; males, 547, 549 Diplectrona, 479 Diploglossata, 217 Diplopoda, 43, 53, 74 Diploptera silpha folded wing, 227 Diptera, 173 Disgorgement, 495 Distant on S. African locust, 298 Ditrochous, 494, 520 Divided eyes, 409 Docophorus fuscicollis anatomy, 348; D. icterodes, D. cygni, 349 Dog, biting-louse of, 349 Dohrn on tracheal system of Gryllotalpa, 132; on embryology of Gryllotalpa, 336 Dolichopoda palpata, 322 Dorsal vessel, 133, 134; reversed action, 435 Dorsum, 100 Dragon-flies, 409 Drakes, 441 Drepanepteryx phalaenoides, 453, 468; wings, 468 Drones, 499 Drummers, 237 Dubois on decapitated Mantis, 250 Duchamp on egg-capsule of cockroach, 228 Ductus ejaculatorius, 140 Dudley and Beaumont on Termites, 372, 387 Dufour, on alimentary canal, 124; on tracheal system, 129; on air sacs of Acridiidae, 283; on sexual organs, 138, 139; on testes, 140; on phonation, 286; on Tridactylus, 338; on Mantidae, 246; on earwigs, 210; on anatomy of cockroach, 228; on anatomy of Gryllotalpa, 335; on anatomy of Termites, 360; on anatomy of Panorpa, 450; on larva of Sialis, 446; on Myrmeleon larva, 458 Duns, 441 Dust-lice, 390 f. Dwellings of Termites, 385 f. Dytiscus, mesothorax, 101; egg-tube, 138, 139 Dzierzon theory, 499 Ear, 101, 121; of Acridiidae, 285 f., 285; of Locustidae, 316 f., 316, 317; of crickets, 332; of Gryllotalpa, 333, 334 Earliest Insect, 238 Earwig, 202 f., 211, 213, 214; forceps, 208 f., 209; wing, 206; the name, 214 Eaton, on nymph, 157; on Ephemeridae, 435, 437, 440 Ecdysis, 156, 162; nature of, 169 Ectobia, 236; E. lapponica, egg-capsule, 229 Ectobiides, 240 Ectoblast, 149 Ectoderm, 148; of Peripatus, 20 f., 22 Ectognathi, 189 Ectotrophi, 189 Eggs, 143-145; of Peripatus, 19; of Myriapods, 38, 39, 64; of Ascalaphus, 460; growing, 513; of parasites, 552; of egg-parasites, 545; of Corydalis, 447; of Cynipidae, 528; of Limacodes, 153; of Mallophaga, 348; of Microcentrum, 314; of Phasmidae, 265, 270 f., 270; of Perla, 404; of Sialis, 445; of Trichoptera, 476 Egg-capsule, 265, 290; of Phyllium, histology, 271 Egg-parasites, 522, 536, 538 Egg-tubes, 137, 139, 392 —see also Ovaries Eileticus, 76 Eisig on chitinous excretion, 130, 163 Ejaculatory duct, 392, 414 Ejection of fluid, 264, 324, 399, 515 Elasmosoma, 559 Elater larva, 29 Elipsocus brevistylus, 393 Elytra, 108 Embia, 352, 353 Embidopsocus, 395 Embiidae, 351, 395 Embryology, 145-153; of Peripatus, 19 f.; of Myriapods, 63 f.; of parasites, 522; of earwig, 216; of Blattidae, 237; of Encyrtus, 546; of Gryllotalpa, 336; of Polynema, 538; of Smicra, 545; of Proctotrypidae, 536 f. Emergence from egg, 263, 264, 290, 291, 313 Empodium, 105 Empusa pauperata, 245, 257 Empusides, 259 Encyrtus fuscicollis development, 545 Endoblast, 149 Endoderm, 148; of Peripatus, 20 f., 22 Endolabium, 97 Endo-skeleton, 399 Eneopterides, 340 Enock on Alaptus and Caraphractus, 538 Enoicyla pusilla, 481 Entognathi, 189 Entomology, 86 Entothorax, 103, 114, 116 Entotrophi, 189 Eocene, 407 Ephemera, 434; E. danica, 429, 441; wing, 431; E. vulgata, 441; nymph, 433 Ephemeridae, 429-443 Ephippigera Malpighian tubes, 335; E. rugosicollis, 323 Ephippigerides, 318, 329 Epiblast, 65, 149 Epicranium, 92, 93, 93 Epidemes, 107 Epilamprides, 240 Epimeron, 100, 101, 104 Episternum, 88, 100, 101, 104 Epistome, 92 Epithelium of stomach, 126 Eremiaphila, 243, 253; E. turcica, 253 Eremobiens, 304 Erianthus, 301 Erichson on Neuroptera, 342 Erne on Rhyssa, 554 Etoblattina manebachensis, 238, 239 Eucharis myrmeciae, 545 Euchroma, head and neck, 99 Eucorybas, 37 Eugaster guyoni, 324 Eugereon bockingi, 486 Eumegalodon blanchardi, 327 Eumegalodonidae, 327 Euorthoptera, 216 Euphaea, 422 Euphoberia, 76 Euphoberiidae, 73, 76 Euprepocnemis plorans, 303 Eurycantha australis, 274 Eurytoma abrotani, 539 Eusthenia spectabilis, 407 Eutermes, 374; E. ripperti, 388 Euthyrhapha, 226 Evania, 562 Evaniidae, 562 Exner on sight, 416 Exodus, locust of the book of, 298 Exsertile blood-sacs, 132 External parasite, 555 External structure, 87; diagram, 88; of earwigs, 203 f.; of cockroaches, 221; of Mantidae, 242 f.; of Phasmidae, 260 f.; of Acridiidae, 280 f.; of Odonata, 409 f.; of Ephemeridae, 430 f.; of Panorpa, 450; of Phryganeidae, 474; of Hymenoptera, 489 f.; of Tenthredinidae, 511 Eyes, 97 —see also Compound Eyes and Ocelli Fabre on Leucospis, 540; on Monodontomerus, 543; on Sirex, 509 Facetted eyes—see Compound Eyes Family, 177 Fasting, 448, 458 Fat-body, 136 Feeding, by Termites, 376; young, 495 Femur, 88, 104 Fenestra, 221 Fenestrate membrane, of eye, 98; of pericardium, 134 Fertilisation, 499; of fig, 549 Field-cricket, 332 Fields of wings, 206 Fig-Insects, 547 f. Figitides, 525 Finot on Japyx, 196 Fire-brats, 186 Fischer on instars, 158 Fish destroyed, 425 Fletcher on parthenogenesis, 498 Flight, 416 Floral simulators, 254 f. Flying-machine, model for, 417 Foenus, 563 Foetus of Hemimerus, 218 Foramen, occipital, 92, 94 Forbes on Blattid, 235 Forceps of earwigs, 208, 209 Forel on nervous system of ant, 495 Forficula auricularia, 202 f., 204, 209, 211; F. gigantea, 210 Forficulidae, 201, 202 Formica-leo, 456 Formicajo, 456 Formicario, 456 Fossil, Insects, 178, 472, 485, 486; Acridiidae, 308; Blattidae, 238; cricket, 340; dragon-flies, 427; earwigs, 216; Locustidae, 328; Mantidae, 258; may-flies, 442, 443; Phasmidae, 276; Panorpidae, 453; Perlidae, 407; Sialidae, 449; Termites, 389; Thysanura, 196; Myriapods, 72 f.; Palaeozoic Neuroptera, 343 Founding communities, 381 Fourmilions, 456 Fowl, biting-louse of, 350 Fritze on Ephemerid alimentary canal, 439 Frons, 94 Front wings absent, 260 f. Fungus chambers, 387 Fungus-growing Termites, 385, 387 Funiculus, 492 Furca, 103 Furcal orifices, 399, 402 Galapagos Islands, 459 Galea, 95 Gall-flies, 523 f. Galls, 514 f.; nature of, 525 f., 533 Ganglia, 116 Ganin, on metamorphosis, 162; on embryology, 536 f., 538 Gasteruption, 562 Gena, 94 Geophilidae, 46, 58, 75 Geophilus, 33, 36, 39, 46; marine, 30; phosphorescent, 34 Geoscapheusides, 241 Gerephemera simplex, 428 Gerstaecker, on Neuroptera, 343; on mouth of Odonata, 411 Giebel on Mallophaga, 347 Gigantic Insects, 276, 306, 428 Gilbert White, on mole-cricket, 333; on field-cricket, 339 Gills, 132, 400, 421, 432 f., 478; jointed, 445, 446, 467; filamentous, 476; spongy, 447; prothoracic, 443; of pupa, 483; on imago, 401, 479; blood-gills, 479 Giraud on Cynipid oviposition, 528 Gizzard, 124, 125 Glacier water, 405 Glande sébifique, 139 Glands, 139, 142; conglobate, 229; maxillary, 458; mushroom, 228 —see also Salivary Glands Glandulae odoriferae, 31, 36, 54 Glomeridae, 43, 76 Glomeris, 33, 43, 52 Gnathites, 94, 97 Golden-eyes, 469 Göldi on eggs of Phasmidae, 265 Gomphinae, 426 Gomphocerus, 308 Gomphus, 415 Gonapophysis, 110 Gongylus gongylodes, 254 f., 255 Gosch on median segment, 491 Goureau on Microgaster, 560 Graber, on dorsal vessel, 134; on blood cells, 137; on embryology, 148-151; on ears, 286; on ears of Locustidae, 316, 317; on chordotonal organs, 121; on blood, 133; on phonation of Stenobothrus, 284; on Platycleis, 312 Grassi, on Myriapoda, 47; on Campodea, 163; on Embia, 353; on Termitidae, 361 f. Grassi and Rovelli on Thysanura, 182 Green grasshoppers, 311 Green, Mr. Staniforth, on Helicomitus larva, 461 Gromphadorhina portentosa, 235 Grosse on Mallophaga, 346 Growth of wings, 393; of Mantidae, 248 Gryllacrides, 329 Gryllidae, 201, 330-340, 340 Gryllides, 340 Gryllotalpa, 332; dorsal vessel, 134; Malpighian tubes, 127; tracheal system, 132 Gryllotalpides, 340 Gryllus, head, 93; G. campestris, 332, 339; G. domesticus, 330, 338 Guilding on Ulula, 461 Gula, 88, 93 Gyri cerebrales, 119 Gyropus, 350 Haase on abdominal appendages, 189, 192 Haemocoele, 22, 23 Hagen, on segments, 88; on wing-rudiments, 395; on respiration of immature dragon-fly, 423 f.; on larvae of Ascalaphides, 460; on amber Psocidae, 397; on Platephemera, 428; on Perlidae, 401; on Psocidae, 393 f.; on Termites, 360 f. Haldmanella, 308 Halesus guttatipennis, 473 Haliday on Bethylus, 535 Halobates, 83 Halteres, 108 Hansen on Hemimerus, 217 Haplogenius, 461 Haplophlebium, 345 Haplopus grayi, egg, 265 Harpagides, 259 Harpalus caliginosus, head, 92 Harpax ocellata, 253; H. variegatus, 244 Harrington on Oryssus, 507 Harris on Katydids' music, 320 Hart on forms of Atta, 501 Hartig on gall-flies, 530 Harvesting Termites, 383 Harvey on metamorphosis, 168 Hatchett Jackson on ecdysis, 162; on oviduct of Lepidoptera, 139 Haustellata, 94 Haustellum, 476 Haviland on Termites, 368, 373, 384 Hawaiian Islands, 354, 395, 425, 471 Head, 92-94 Heart, 133 Heat, 131 Helicomitus insimulans, 460, 461 Helicopsyche shuttleworthi, cases of, 482 Hellgrammites, 447 Helorus anomalipes, 534 Hemerobiidae, 453 f. Hemerobiides, 465 f. Hemerobiina, 467, 472 Hemerobius larva, 467 Hemichroa rufa, 498 Hemimeridae, 201, 217 Hemimerus hanseni, 217; foetus of, 218; H. talpoides, 218 Hemimetabola, 158 Hemiptera, 173 Hemiteles, 556 Henking on embryology, 146 Henneguy on egg-capsule of Phyllium, 271; on embryology of Smicra, 545 Heptagenia, 440; H. longicauda, 437 Hessian-fly, parasites, 537 Heterogamia, 222; H. aegyptiaca, 220; egg-capsule, 229 Heterometabola, 158 Heteromorpha, 158 Heterophlebia dislocata, 427 Heteropteryx grayi, 262 Hetrodides, 329 Hexapoda, 86 Heymons on earwig embryology, 216 Hind body, 109 Hind wings absent, 429 Histoblasts, 167 Histogenesis, 165 Histolysis, 165, 166 Hodotermes japonicus, 383; H. havilandi, 384; H. mossambicus, 356; H. brunneicornis, 359; H. quadricollis, 371 Hoffbauer on elytra, 108 Holocampsa, misprint—see Holocompsa Holocompsa, 226, 235 Holometabola, 158 Holophthalmi, 459 Homomorpha, 158 Hooks for wings, 494 Hoplolopha, 303 Hose, 393 Howard, on pupation of Chalcididae, 550; on Hydropsyche, 483 Hubbard and Hagen on Termites, 388 Humboldt, 31 Humpback, 445 Huxley, on head, 87; on cervical sclerites, 99 Hydropsyche, 479 Hydropsychides, 482; larva, 483 Hydroptila angustella, 474; H. maclachlani, larva, 484 Hydroptilides, 484 Hylotoma rosae, 513 Hymenoptera, 173, 487-565 Hymenoptera phytophaga, 503 f. Hymenopus bicornis, 253 Hyperetes, 395, 397 Hypermetamorphosis, 158, 159, 465, 540, 552, 557 Hyperparasitism, 521 Hypertely, 323 Hypnorna amoena, 234 Hypoblast, 65, 149 Hypocephalus, 99 Hypochrysa, 470 Hypodermis, 162, 480 Hypoglottis, 96 Hyponomeuta cognatella, parasite of, 545 Hypopharynx, 96 —see also Lingua Ichneumones adsciti, 559 Ichneumon-flies, 265, 551; uninjurious, 264; supplementary, 558 Ichneumonidae, 551-558 Ichneumonides, 557 Ictinus, 419 Imaginal, discs, 165, 166; folds, 165 Imago, 157 Imbrications, 493 Imhof on Perla, 403 f. Inaequipalpia, 480 Indusial limestone, 485 Infra-oesophageal ganglion, 117 Inner margin of wing, 108 Inocellia, 447 Inquilines, 373, 524, 531, 533 Insecta, definition, 86 Instar, 155, 158 Instinct of Leucospis, 541 Integument, 162 Internal anatomy, 186 f.; of Acridiidae, 282 f.; of earwigs, 210; of Gryllotalpa, 335; of Hymenoptera, 494; of Libellula, 414; of Mantidae, 246; of Myrmeleon larva, 457, 458; of Odonata, 414; of Stilopyga orientalis, 228; of Phasmidae, 262; of Raphidia, 448; of Sialis larva, 446; of Thysanura, 187 f. Intestine, 114, 124 Involucrum alarum, 206 Iris oratoria, 248 Isogenus nubecula, 405, 406 Isopteryx, 400 Isosoma, 546 Isotoma, 190 Jamaica, 388 Japygidae, 184 Japyx, abdomen of, 109; J. solifugus, 184, 196 Jhering, Von, on Termites, 387 Joint, 105 Joint-worms, 546 Joly, on Ephemeridae, 431; on anatomy of Phyllium, 262 Julidae, 34, 43, 71, 73, 77 Julopsis, 74 Julus, 36-39, 52; J. nemorensis, 43; J. terrestris, 37, 70, 77; breeding, 37; development, 66-69; heart, 50; ovum, 63, 64; eye, 69 Jurassic, 216, 259, 407, 442 Jurine on pieces at base of wing, 102 Kampecaris, 76 Karabidion, 274 Katydids, 319, 320 King, 361, 378 Klapálek, on Trichopterous larvae, 484 f.; on Agriotypus, 557 Knee, 104 Koch, 42 Koestler on stomatogastric nerves, 120 Kolbe, on entothorax, 103; on wings of Psocidae, 394 Kollar on Sirex, 509 Korotneff on embryology of Gryllotalpa, 336 Korschelt on egg-tubes, 138 Korschelt and Heider on regenerative tissue, 167 Kowalevsky, on phagocytes, 166; on regenerative tissue, 167; on bee embryo, 496 Kradibia cowani, 549 Krancher on stigmata, 111 Krawkow on chitin, 162 Kulagin, on embryology, 537; of Encyrtus, 545 Künckel d'Herculais, on histoblasts, 167; on emergence of Stauronotus, 290 Labia minor, 214 Labidura riparia, 210, 211, 214, 215 Labium, 95; of Odonata, 410, 411; of O. larva, 420 Laboulbène, on Anurida maritima, 194; on Perla, 399 Labrum, 93, 93 Lacewing flies, 453, 469 Lachesilla, 395 Lacinia, 95 Laemobothrium, 347 Lamarck, 77 Lamina, subgenitalis, 224; supra-analis, 224 Landois on stigmata, 111 Languette, 96 Lankester, 40 Larva, 157; (resting-larva), 164; oldest, 449 Larvule, 431, 432 Latreille, 30 Latreille's segment, 491 Latzel, 42, 77 Leach, 30, 77 Lead, eating, 510 Leaf-Insects, 260 Legs, 104; internal, 496; four only, 549; of larvae, 106, 110 Lendenfeld, on dragon-flies, 416, 417; on muscles of dragon-fly, 115 Lens, 98 Lepidoptera, 173 Lepisma, 185, 196; L. saccharina, 186; L. niveo-fasciata, 195 Lepismidae, 185 Leptocerides, 482 Leptophlebia cupida, 430 Lespès on Calotermes, 364 Leuckart on micropyle apparatus, 145 Leucocytes, 137 Leucospis gigas, 540; larva, egg, 542; habits, 540 f. Lewis, Geo., on luminous may-fly, 442 Lewis on Perga, 518 Leydig, on brain, 119, 120; on Malpighian tubes of Gryllotalpa, 335; on ovaries, 137, 142; on glands, 142 Lias, 216, 239, 340, 427, 428, 453, 485, 503 Libellago caligata, 413 Libellula quadrimaculata, 411, 425 Libellulidae, 409 Libellulinae, 416, 426 Lichens, resemblance to, 253 Liénard on oesophageal ring, 118 Light, attraction of, 441 Ligula, 96 Lilies and dragon-flies, 426 Limacodes egg, 153 Limnophilides, 481 Lingua, 95, 96, 391, 411, 420, 437 Linnaeus quoted, 84 Liotheides, 346, 350 Lipeurus heterographus, 346; L. bacillus, 347; L. ternatus, 349 Lipura burmeisteri, 190; L. maritima, 194 Lipuridae, 190 Liquid emitted, 264, 324, 399, 515 Lissonota setosa, 551 Lithobiidae, 45, 70, 75 Lithobius, 32, 36-39, 41, 45, 58; breeding, 38; structure, 48, 49, 57 Lithomantis, 259; L. carbonaria, 344 Locusta, ovipositor, development and structure, 315; L. viridissima, 318, 319, 321, 324, 327 Locustidae, 201, 311-329, 328 Locustides, 329 Locusts, 291 f.; of the Bible, 298; in England, 299; swarms, 292-299; eggs, 292 Loew on anatomy of Panorpa, 450; of Raphidia, 448 Lonchodes duivenbodi, egg, 265; L. nematodes, 260, 261 Lonchodides, 277 Longevity, 377, 429, 438; of cockroach, 229 Lopaphus cocophagus, 264 Lophyrus pini, 511 Löw on Coniopteryx, 471, 472 Löw, F., on snow Insects, 194 Lowne, on embryonic segments, 151; on integument, 162; on stigmata, 111; on respiration, 130 Lubbock, Sir John, on Pauropus, 62; on aquatic Hymenoptera, 538; on auditory organs, 121; on sense organs, 123; on respiration, 130; on stadia, 165; on Cloëon, 432, 437; on Collembola, 192; on Insect intelligence, 487 Lucas on mouth-parts of Trichoptera, 475 Luminous may-flies, 412 Lycaenidae, eggs, 144 Lyonnet on muscles, 115 Lysiopetalidae, 76 Machilidae, 184 Machilis maritima, 185; M. polypoda, 184 Macronema, 478 Malacopoda, 77 Mallophaga, 342, 345-350 Malpighi on galls, 525 Malpighian tubes, 114, 124, 127, 187, 353, 360, 392, 403, 414, 421, 448, 457, 458; of Gryllotalpa, 335; of Ephippigera, 335; of Mantis, 246; of Myriapods, 48 Malta, Myriapods at, 35 Mandibles, 94, 95; absent, 474, 475 Mandibulata, 94 Manticora, 304 Mantidae, 201, 242-259, 259 Mantides, 259 Mantis, immature tegmina, 248; parasite, 546; M. religiosa, 246, 247, 258 Mantispa areolaris, 463; M. styriaca larva, 464 Mantispides, 463 f. Mantoida luteola, 251 Marchal on Malpighian tubes, 127 Marine Myriapods, 30 Marshall, on Apanteles cocoons, 560; on Braconidae, 561 Mask, 420 Mastacides, 301, 309 Mastax guttatus, 301 Maternal care, 214, 336, 517 Maxilla, 95, 96; of Odonata, 411; absent, 190 May-flies, 429; number of, 442 Mayer, on Apterygogenea, 196; on caprification, 547, 548 Mazon Creek, Myriapods at, 75 M‘Coy on variation of ocelli, 267 M‘Lachlan, on Ascalaphides, 459; on Oligotoma, 354; on Psocidae, 395; on Trichoptera, 480 f. Mecaptera, 174, 453 Mechanism of flight, 416 Mecistogaster, 412 Meconema varium, 321 Meconemides, 328 Mecopoda, 319 Mecopodides, 328 Mecostethus grossus, 285, 299, 308 Median plate, 504, 506, 507, 512 Median segment, 109, 490, 491 Megachile, nervous system, 496 Megaloblatta rufipes, 235 Megalomus hirtus, 468 Megalyra, 562 Megalyridae, 562 Meganeura monyi, 428 Megasecopterides, 344 Megastigmus, 547 Meinert, on earwigs, 210, 211, 212; on Myrmeleon larva, 457; on stink-glands, 210 Melittobia, 545 Melliss on Termite of St. Helena, 389 Melnikow on eggs of Mallophaga, 348 Membranule, 413 Menognatha, 161 Menopon leucostomum, 348; M. pallidum, 350 Menorhyncha, 161 Mentum, 95, 96, 96 Mesoblast, 20, 65, 149 Mesoderm, 20, 149 Mesonotum, 88 Mesopsocus unipunctatus, 394 Mesothoracic spiracle, 491 Mesothorax, 101 Mesozoic, 309, 449, 485 Metabola, 158, 174 Metagnatha, 161 Metamorphosis, 153-170; of Hymenoptera, 497; of nervous system, 495 f. Metanotum, 88 Metapodeon, 491 Methone, 200; M. anderssoni, 305, 306 Miall, on imaginal discs, 165, 167; on unicellular glands, 142 Miall and Denny, on pericardial tissue, 135; on epithelium of stomach, 126; on spermatheca of cockroach, 228; on stigmata, 111; on stomato-gastric nerves, 120 Miamia bronsoni, 449 Microcentrum retinerve, 313, 314, 320 Microgaster, 559; M. fulvipes, 560; M. globatus, 560 Micropterism, 339, 394, 405 f., 484 Micropyle, 145; apparatus, 404 Migration, 293, 425 Migratory locusts, 292, 297 Millepieds, 41 Millipedes, 30, 40, 41 Miocene, 216, 258, 407 Molanna angustata, mandibles of pupa, 477 Mole-cricket, 333; leg, 333 Moniez on Anurida maritima, 194 Monodontomerus, 532; M. cupreus, 543; M. nitidus, 544 Monomachus, 563 Monomorphic ant, 498 Monotrochous trochanters, 494, 520, 564, 565 Mordella eye, 98 Mormolucoides articulatus, 449 Morton, on gills of Trichoptera, 483; on Perlidae, 406 Moult, 156 Moulting, 437; of external parasite, 556 Mouth-parts, of dragon-fly, 411; of dragon-fly nymph, 420; atrophied, 430 Müller, Fritz, on caddis-flies, 482 f.; on fig-Insects, 549; on Termites, 358, 360, 374, 381, 382 Müller, J., on anatomy of Phasmidae, 262 Murray, on Phyllium scythe, 263; on post-embryonic development of Orthoptera, 265 Musca, metamorphosis, 163, 167 Muscles, 115 Music, of Locusta, 318; of Tananá, 319; of Katydids, 319 —see also Phonation Mylacridae, 239 Mymarides, 537, 538 Myoblast, 149 Myriapoda, 27, 42, 74; definition, 29; as food, 31; habits, distribution, and breeding, 29-40; locomotion, 40; names for, 41; classification, 42-47; structure, 47-63; embryology, 63-72; fossil, 72-77; affinities, 78 Myrmecoleon, 456 Myrmecophana fallax, 323 Myrmecophilides, 340 Myrmeleo, 456 Myrmeleon, 456; M. europaeus, 457; M. formicarius, 455, 457; M. nostras, 457; M. pallidipennis, 456 Myrmeleonides, 454 f. Nasuti, 370 Necrophilus arenarius, 462 Necroscides, 278 Needham on locusts at sea, 297 Nematus, 514; N. curtispina, 498 Nemobius sylvestris, 339 Nemoptera ledereri, 462; N. larva, 462 Nemopterides, 462 Nemoura, 401; N. glacialis, 405 Neoteinic Termites, 362, 380 Nervous system, 116 Nervures, 107, 108, 206; of Psocidae, 393; of Embiidae, 352; of Termitidae, 359 Neuroptera, 172, 341-485; N. amphibiotica, 342; N. planipennia, 342 Neuropteroidea, 486 Neuroterus lenticularis, 523 Neuters, 137 Newman on abdomen, 491 Newport on Anthophorabia, 545; on Monodontomerus, 544; on Paniscus, 555; on Pteronarcys, 399 f.; on turnip sawfly, 515 Nicolet on Smynthuridae, 191 Nietner on Psocidae, 395 Nirmus, 346 f. Nitzsch, on Mallophaga, 346 f.; on Psocidae, 392 Nocticola simoni, 232 Nodes, 493 Nodus, 413 Nomadina, 565 Notophilidae, 45 Notophilus, 45 Notum, 91, 100 Number of species, of Insects, 83, 171, 178; of Cephidae, 506; of Chalcididae, 539; of gall-flies, 533; of Hymenoptera, 503; of Parasitica, 520; of Ichneumonidae, 551; of Odonata, 424; of Orthoptera, 201; of earwigs, 215; of cockroaches, 236; of Mantidae, 258; of Phasmidae, 272; of migratory locusts, 297; of Perlidae, 407; of Psocidae, 395; of sawflies, 518 Nurseries of Termites, 387 Nusbaum on embryology, 149, 152 Nyctiborides, 240 Nymph, 157; of dragon-fly, 418, 419, 420, 422, 426; of Ephemeridae, 432 f., 432, 433, 434, 435, 436 Nymphidina, 465, 472 Nyssonides, 565 Oak-galls, 527 Occiput, 94 Ocelli, 97, 282, 313, 400, 409, 430; variation in, 267, 536 Odonata, 409 f. Odontocerum albicorne, case of, 480 Odontura serricauda, 316 Oecanthides, 340 Oecanthus, 339 Oecodoma—see Atta Oedipodides, 304, 309 Oenocytes, 137 Oesophageal "bone," 391 Oesophageal nervous ring, 118, 121 Oesophagus, 114, 124, 403 Oestropsides, 482 Oligonephria, 175 Oligoneuria garumnica, nymph, 434 Oligotoma michaeli, 351, 354; O. saundersi, 352; O. insularis, 354 Ommatidium, 98 Oniscigaster wakefieldi, 442 Ontogeny, 153 Oolemm, 144 Oolitic, 239 Ootheca of Mantis, 246, 247 Ophionellus, 563 Ophionides, 557 Opisthocosmia cervipyga, 215 Orders, 172 Orientation, 112 Origin of wings, 206 Orl-fly, 445 Ormerod, Miss, on importation of locusts, 299 Ornament, 200, 215, 233 f., 243, 244, 282, 302, 313, 339 Orphania denticauda, 321 Orthodera ministralis, 249 Orthoderides, 251, 259 Orthophlebia, 453 Orthoptera, 172, 198-340, 407 Oryssidae, 506 Oryssus abietinus, 506; O. sayi, 506 Osborn on Menopon, 350 Osmylides, 466 Osmylina, 466 Osmylus chrysops, 341; larva, 466; O. maculatus, 466 Osten Sacken on similar gall-flies, 532 Ostia, 48 f., 133, 435 Oudemans on Thysanura, 182 Oustalet on Odonata, 422, 423 Outer margin of wing, 108 Ovaries, 137, 138; of earwigs, 211; of Oedipoda, 283, 284; of Perla, 404; of Thysanura, 188 Oviduct, 139, 392 Oviposition, 229, 246, 265, 290, 291, 440; of Agriotypus, 557; of Cynipidae, 527 f., Adler on, 529; of Encyrtus, 545; of Ichneumon, 555; of inquiline gall-flies, 532; of Meconema, 321; of Pelecinus, 564; of Pimpla, 553; of Podagrion, 546; of sawflies, 513; of Sirex, 509; of Xiphidium, 321 Ovipositor, 110, 552, 554; Cynipid, 524; of Locusta, development, 314, 315 Owen, Ch., 40, 78 Oxyethira, 484; O. costalis, larva, 485 Oxyhaloides, 234, 241 Oxyura, 533, 534 Pachycrepis, 550 Pachytylus cinerascens, 293, 297, 298, 299, 308; P. marmoratus, 298; P. migratorioides, 298; P. migratorius, 298, 299, 308; P. nigrofasciatus, 285, 298 Packard, on cave-Myriapods, 34; on air sacs of locusts, 283, 294; on classification, 173; on development of Diplax, 419; on may-flies, 430; on metamorphosis of Bombus, 497; on scales, 397; on spiral fibre, 129 Pad, 105 Paedogenesis, 142 Pagenstecher on development of Mantis, 247 Palaeacrididae, 309 Palaeoblattariae, 239 Palaeoblattina douvillei, 238 f. Palaeocampa, 73 Palaeodictyoptera, 486 Palaeomantidae, 259 Palaeontology, 178 Palaeophlebia superstes, 427 Palaeozoic, Myriapods, 76; Insects, 343, 486 Palingenia bilineata, 430; P. feistmantelii, 443; P. papuana, 441; P. virgo, 431 Palmén, on dragon-fly nymphs, 423; on Ephemeridae inflation, 439; on gills of Perlidae, 402; on rectal gills, 422; on tracheal system of immature Ephemeridae, 436 Palmon, 546 Palmula, 105 Palophus centaurus, 275 Palpares, 454 Palpiger, 95 Palpus, 95; of Pieris brassicae, 122 Pambolus, 561 Pamphagides, 303, 310 Panchlora viridis, 229 Panchlorides, 241 Panesthiides, 241 Paniscus virgatus larva, 555 f. Panorpa, 450, 453; leg, 104; P. communis, 449; larva, 452 Panorpatae, 175, 453 Panorpidae, 449, 451 Pantel on phonation of Cuculligera, 304 Papiriidae, 191 Paraderm, 164 Paraglossa, 95, 96, 96 Parapteron, 100, 101, 102 Parasites, 540 f., 543; external, 555 Parasitica, 520, 521 Parasitism, 521 f., 535, 559, 560 Parthenogenesis, 141, 481, 497, 516 f. 530 f., 547; utility, 517 Passalidae, mandibles, 95 Patagia, 102, 103 Patagonia, 459 Paunch, 348, 360, 446, 448 Paurometabola, 158, 199 Pauropidae, 33, 42, 47 Pauropoda, 47, 57, 77, 79; structure, 62 Pauropus, 47 Pazlavsky on bedeguar, 527 Pedicellate, 519 Pedunculate body, 495 Pelecinidae, 563 Pelecinus polyturator, 563 Pelopaeus spinolae foot, 105, 106 Perez on Termes, 366, 382 Perga lewisii, 517 Periblast, 149 Pericardial septum, 134; sinus, 134; tissue, 135 Peringueyella jocosa, 325 Peripatus, 1, 6, 23, 77, 79; tracheae, 3, 14, 15; affinities, 4; external features, 5; head, 6; tail, 6; colour, 6; jaws, 7; legs, 8; habits, food, 9; breeding, 10, 19; alimentary canal, 11; nervous system, 12, 22; body-wall, 13; muscles, vascular system, 15; haemocoele, 22, 23; body-cavity, 16, 22; nephridia, 16, 17, 22; reproductive organs, 18; development, 10, 19, 20, 22; species, 23; distribution, 24-26 Periplaneta americana, 236; P. australasiae, 221, 236, 239 Periplanetides, 241 Perisphaeriides, 241 Perla, anatomy, 403 f.; nymph, 400; P. cephalotes, 406; P. maxima, 400, 406; P. parisina, 399 Perlidae, 398 f. Perris on Termes, 366, 374 Petasia, 303 Petiolata, 496, 503, 519 Petiolate, 519 Petiole, 492, 493, 519 Petioliventres, 503, 519 Peyrou on atmosphere in bodies, 131 Peytoureau on styles of cockroach, 224 Pezomachus, 556 Phagocytes, 137, 165 Phaneropterides, 323, 328 Pharynx, 114, 124 Phasgonuridea, 311 Phasma, 276 Phasmidae, 201, 407, 260-278, 277 Phasmides, 278 Phasmodes ranatriformis, 324 Philopotamus, 483 Philopterides, 346, 350 Phonation, 200, 257, 302, 306; of Acridiidae, 284, 304; of Locustidae, 318, 319, 320, 324, 327; of Gryllidae, 331 f; of Gryllotalpa, 334; of Brachytrypes, 332 Phosphorescent Myriapods, 34; may-flies, 442 Phragma, 103, 491 Phryganea grandis, 422; P. pilosa, pupa, 477 Phryganeidae, 398, 473 f. Phryganeides, 480 Phylliides, 267, 278 Phyllium, 262, 263, 267 f.; P. crurifolium, 269 f.; egg-capsule, structure, 271; P. scythe, 267, 268; egg, 270; P. siccifolium, egg, 265 Phyllodromia germanica, 229, 236; egg-capsule, 229 Phyllodromiides, 240 Phymateus, 303 Phytophagous Parasitica, 522, 546, 547, 557 Pick, of death-watch, 391 Pictet on nymphs of Ephemeridae, 433 Pieris, palpus, 122; instars, 156; parasites, 561 Pigment, of iris, 98; retinal, 98 Pillared eyes, 430 Pimpla, 553, 557 Pimplides, 557 Pitfalls of ant-lions, 455, 459 Planipennia, 342 Plantula, 105 Plateau, on marine Myriapods, 30; on digestion, 127; on sight, 416 Platephemera antiqua, 428 Platyblemmus lusitanicus, 339 Platycleis grisea, 312 Platycnemis, 413; P. pennipes, 413, 417 Platycrania edulis, egg, 265 Platygaster, embryology, 536 Platyptera, 174 Platypterides, 259, 344, 428 Plecoptera, 175, 407 Plectoptera, 174, 442 Plectopterinae, 241 Pleura, abdominal, 493 Pleuron, 88, 91, 100 Plica of earwig, 209 Pneumora scutellaris, 302 Pneumorides, 299, 302, 309 Pocock on W. Indian Myriapods, 33 Podacanthus wilkinsoni, 272 Podagrion, parasitism of, 546 Podeon, 491 Podura, 194; P. aquatica, 194 Poduridae, 190 Poecilimon affinis, 200 Poisers, 108 Poison-claws, 36, 58, 60 Poletajewa, Olga, on dorsal vessel, 133; on Odonata, 414 Polistes lanio, parasite of, 564 Polycentropus, 483 Polydesmidae, 34, 36, 44, 76 Polydesmus, 36, 39, 44 Polymitarcys, 440 Polymorphism, 500, 536 Polynema natans, 538 Polynephria, 175 Polyxenidae, 43, 53, 59, 77 Polyxenus, 33, 37, 48, 55, 72; transverse section, 56; sense-organ, 51 Polyzoniidae, 44, 53 Polyzonium, 44, 48 Pompholyx dimorpha, 518 Pompilides, 494 Porthetis, 280, 282 Post-clypeus, 93 Post-embryonic development, 154 Post-scutellum, 100, 101 Potamanthus, 433 Potts on Mantis, 249 Poulton on Paniscus, 556 Praescutum, 100, 101 Praon, 550 Pratt, on imaginal discs, 167 Praying Insects, 242 Prestwichia aquatica, 538 Primary larva, 542 Primary segmentation, 150 Prisopus, 272 Procephalic lobes, 97, 150 Prochilides, 328 Prochilus australis, 324 Proctodaeum, 123, 151; in Musca, 124 Proctotrypidae, 533-538 Production of sex, 499 Pro-legs, 514 Pronotal wing-rudiments, 344, 395 Pronotum, 88, 100; of Xylocopa, 490 Pronymph, 164 Propleuron, 100, 489 Propodeon, 491 Propodeum, 491, 492 Proscopiides, 299, 309, 325 Prosopistoma punctifrons, 435 Prostemmatic organ, 195 Prosternum, 88, 100; of Vespa crabro, 491 Protection, 513, 515 Protephemerides, 443 Prothoracic dorsal appendages, 443 Prothorax, 102 Protoblast, 149 Proto-cerebron, 118 Protocranium, 92, 93 Protodonates, 428 Protoperlidae, 408 Protosyngnatha, 75 Prototracheata, ix, 4 Proventriculus, 114, 124, 125, 450 Psalis americana, 215 Psectra dispar, 466 Psenides, 524, 533 Pseudoglomeris fornicata, 235 Pseudoneuroptera, 342 Pseudonychium, 105 Pseudophyllides, 328 Pseudo-sessile, 493 Pseudotremia, 34, 35 Psilocnemis dilatipes, 413 Psocidae, 390 f. Psocus fasciatus, 390; P. heteromorphus, 391 Pteromalini, 539 Pteronarcys frigida, 398; P. regalis, 402 Pteroplistus, 331 Pterygogenea, 175, 196 Pulvillus, 105 Pupa, 157, 169; active, 448, 465, 473, 479 Pupation, of Chalcididae, 550; of Encyrtus, 546; of Proctotrypids, 534, 535 Pupipara, 143 Pygidicrana hugeli, 202 Pygidium, 205 Pylorus, 127 Pyramids of Egypt, 462 Pyrgomantis singularis, 252 Pyrgomorpha grylloides, 303 Pyrgomorphides, 303, 309 Queen, 144, 361, 378 Radial cell, 524 Raphidia, 447; R. notata, 447; larva, 448 Raphidiides, 444, 447 Raptorial legs, 242 f., 257, 463, 484 Ratzeburg, on Anomalon, 553; on trochanter, 520 Ravages of Termites, 388 Réaumur, on ant-lions, 455; on circulation of silkworm, 135; on galls, 525; on may-flies, 438, 441; on sawflies, 512, 513; on spheroidal condition, 164 Receptaculum seminis, 139, 404 Rectal, gills, 421 f.; respiration, 435 Rectum, 125 Redtenbacher, on migratory locust, 297; on wing, of Oligotoma, 353; of Termes, 359 Reduviid egg, 145 Reflex action, 250 Reproduction of lost parts, 213, 265, 266 Reproductive organs of Ephemeridae, 439 Resemblance, of eggs to seeds, 265, 270, 271; of one part to another, 208, 266; of parasite to host, 532; histological, 271; of Trichoptera to moths, 484; to bark, 251; to flowers, 254, 255, 256; to inorganic things, 253, 304, 307; to leaves, 255, 267, 268, 322 f., 323; to lichens, 253; to other creatures, 235; to other Insects, 197, 215, 235, 251, 274, 300, 301, 323, 324, 504, 513, 550; to vegetation, 200, 260, 274 Respiration [and respiratory organs], 128-132, 431; by integument, 483; by setae, 435; of nymphs of Odonata, 420 f.; of Perlidae, 401 f. Respiratory chamber, 434 Retinula, 98 Reuter on ventral tube, 192 Rhabdom, 98 Rhipipteryx, 337, 338 Rhizotrogus egg-tubes, 138 Rhodites rosae, 498, 527, 528, 531; larva, 532; parasite, 539 Rhyacophilides, 483 Rhyacophylax, 482 Rhynchota, 175 Rhyparobia maderae, 237 Rhyssa persuasoria, 554 Riley, on caprification, 549; on Cephus, 505; on development of Caloptenus, 288, 289; on galls, 526 f.; on Katydids, 320; on locust swarms, 293; on Microcentrum, 313; on ovipositing of locust, 290; on subimago, 437; on Thalessa, 554 Ritsema on Enoicyla, 481 Ronalds on anglers' flies, 441 Roux on Necrophilus, 462 Royal pairs, 377 Rühl on earwig, 213 Sacs—see Air Sacs Sagides, 328 Salivary glands, 124, 126, 187, 210, 228, 246, 283, 335, 348, 353, 403, 414, 495; of Peripatus, 11; of Myriapods, 48, 49 Salivary receptacle, or reservoir, 126, 228, 246, 335, 348, 360 Saltatoria (Orthoptera), 201 Sandwich Islands—see Hawaiian Islands Saunders, Sir Sydney, on Scleroderma, 536; on caprification, 548 Saussure, H. de—see De Saussure Savage on Termites, 368 Saw, 493, 512 Sawflies—see Tenthredinidae Scales, 185, 189, 397 Scapteriscus, 334 Scelimena, 301 Schindler on Malpighian tubes, 246; of Gryllotalpa, 335 Schistocerca peregrina, 298; development, 287; S. americana, 298, 308 Schizodactylus monstrosus, 325 Schizophthalmi, 459 Schizotarsia, 35, 46, 57, 58, 70, 75; structure, 59 Schletterer on parasitic Hymenoptera, 562, 563 Sclerite, 91 Scleroderma, 536 Scolia, ovaries, 138 Scolopendra, 30, 31, 32, 41, 78 Scolopendrella, 47, 61 Scolopendrellidae, 33, 42, 46 Scolopendridae, 31, 33, 39, 45, 75; spermatophores, 39 Scorpion-flies, 449 f. Scudder, on grasshopper music, 287; on Katydids' music, 320; on locusts at sea, 297; on reproduction of lost limbs, 265; on fossil Insects, 486; on fossil earwigs, 216; on fossil may-flies, 443; on fossil Sialidae, 449; on Tertiary Insects, 179 Scutellum, 100, 101 Scutigera, 35, 36, 48; sense organ, 51 Scutigeridae, 35, 36, 40, 46, 50 Scutum, 100, 101 Secondary, 427, 472; larva, 542 Securifera, 503 Segmentation, 149, 237; of ovum of Smicra, 545 Segments, 88, 90; number of, 87 Selys, De, on dragon-flies, 425, 427 Semi-pupa, 497 Sense organs, 121-123 Senses, 541, 544, 553 Sericostomatides, 474, 482 Series, 177, 201 Serosa, 148 Serrifera, 503 Sessile abdomen, 493 Sessiliventres, 492, 496, 503 Sex, 498, 499, 500 Sexes, 137 Sexual organs, external, 141 Shaw on Orthoptera, 201 Sialidae, 407, 444 Sialides, 444 Sialis lutaria, 444; eggs, 445; larva, 445; tracheal gill, 446 Silk, 127 Silo, parasite of, 558 Silurian Insect, 238 Silver fish, 186 Simple eyes, 97, 184 —see also Ocelli Siphonaptera, 174, 175 Sirex, habits of its parasite, 554; S. augur, 509; S. gigas, 508, 510; S. juvencus, 508 Siricidae, 507; parasites of, 563 Siricides, 510 Sisyra 467; S. fuscata larva, 467 Sisyrina, 467 Sitaris humeralis, early stages, 159 Sloane, Sir Hans, on locusts at sea, 297 Smallest Insect, 537 Smeathman on Termites, 366 f., 381, 383, 387 Smicra clavipes embryology, 545 Smith, F., on Cynips, 530; on Trigonalys, 564 Smynthuridae, 191 Smynthurus variegatus, 191; S. fuscus, 192 Snow-Insects, 194 Social, Insects, 85, 361, 369; Hymenoptera, 488, 500 f. Soldiers, 370, 371, 372 Somites, 87 Sommer on Macrotoma, 163, 195 Soothsayers, 242 Sound production, 358 —see also Phonation Spathius, 561 Species, number of—see Number Spencer, Herbert, on caste and sex, 500 Spermatheca, 139, 228, 499 Spermatophores, 39 Spermatozoa, 140 Sphaeropsocus kunowii, 397 Sphaerotheriidae, 43 Sphaerotherium, 43 Sphex chrysis, 490 Spiders eaten, 464, 465 Spinneret, 458 Spinners, 441 Spiracles, 89, 111, 128; number of, 186; of dragon-fly nymph, 423; absent, 436 —see also Stigmata Spiral fibre, 128 Spongilla fluviatilis, larva in, 467 Spontaneous generation, 525 Spring of Collembola, 191 Spurs, 104 Stadium, 155, 158 Stalked, cocoons, 560; eggs, 469 St. Augustine quoted, 85, 565 Stein on Raphidia larva, 448 Stelis, parasitic, 544; parasitised, 543 Stem sawflies, 504 Stenobothrus, 308; sound-instruments, 284 Stenodictyopterides, 344 Stenopelmatides, 321, 329 Stenophasmus ruficeps, 561 Stenophylla cornigera, 257, 258 Stephanidae, 561 Stephanus, 562 Sternum, 91, 100 St. Helena, 389 Stick-Insects, 260 Stigma of wing, 524, 534 Stigmata, 88, 89, 111, 204; position, 493; on head, 193; S. repugnatoria, 36 —see also Spiracles Stilopyga orientalis, 223, 228, 231, 236 Sting, 493; and ovipositor, 534 Stink-flies, 469 Stink-glands, 31, 125, 210, 264, 335 Stipes, 95 Stoll on spectres, etc., 254 Stomach, 114, 124, 125 Stomato-gastric nerves, 120, 121 Stomodaeum, 123, 151 Stone-flies, 407 Stratiomys strigosa parasite, 545 Stridulation, 304 —see also Phonation Stummer-Traunfels on Thysanura and Collembola, 189 St. Vincent, island of, 461 Styles, 224, 238 Sub-imago, 429, 437 Sub-Order, 177 Subulicornia, 426 Sucking spears, 466, 467, 470, 471 Suctorial mandibles, 453, 456 Super-Orders, 177 Supplementary Ichneumon-flies, 558 Supra-oesophageal ganglion, 117 Sutures, 92 Swarms: of locusts, 292-299; of may-flies, 441; of Termites, 362 Sympathetic nervous system, 120; absent, 353 Symphrasis varia, 465 Symphyla, 42, 46, 77, 79; structure, 61 Symphyta, 503 Sympycna fusca, 415 Synaptera, 175 Synergus, 531 Syngnatha, 44 Tananá, 319 Tarachodes lucubrans, 249 Tarsus, 88, 104, 106 Taschenberg on parthenogenesis, 141 Tausendfüsse, 41 Teeth, 95 Tegmina, 108; leaf-like, of Pterochroza, 322; of crickets, 331; of earwigs, 205, 212; of Phyllium, 269; of Schizodactylus, 325 Tegula, 103, 108 Teleganodes, 442 Telson, 205 Temples, 94 Templeton on Lepisma, 195 Tendons, 116 Tenthredinidae, 510-518 Tenthredo sp., 489; testes, 140 Tentorium, 99 Tepper on fossorial Blattid, 241 Terebrantia, 520 Tergum, 91, 100 Termes sp., 378; T. lucifugus, 359, 360, 364, 365, 373, 374; T. mossambicus, 356; T. bellicosus, 366, 371; trophi, 357; cell of, 367; T. occidentis, 371; T. armiger, 371; T. tenuis, 389; T. cingulatus, 371; T. dirus, 371; T. debilis, 371; T. viarum, 383 Termitarium, 386, 387 Termites, 357 f.; distinctions from ants, 502; wings, 359; anatomy, 360 Termitidae, 356; number of species, 389 Tertiary, 196, 216, 239, 276, 309, 340, 398, 427, 442, 449, 453, 472, 485, 533, 551, 558 Testes, 18, 49, 140, 404, 440; of Psocidae, 392; of Stilopyga orientalis, 228 Tetrophthalmus chilensis, 346 Tettigides, 299, 300, 309 Tettix bipunctatus, 300 Thalessa larva, 507; oviposition, 554 Thamastes, 485 Thamnotrizon apterus, 316 Thecla egg, 145 Thelyotoky, 141, 498 Thermobia furnorum, 186 Thliboscelus camellifolius, 319 Thoracantha latreillei, 550 Thorax, 99-103, 101, 103 Thorax porcellana wing, 227 Thyrsophorus, 395 Thysanoptera, 173 Thysanura, 182 f.; distinctions from Symphyla, 61, 77, 79 Tibia, 88, 104 Tillus elongatus larva, 90 Tinodes, 483 Titanophasma fayoli, 276, 428 Tomateres citrinus, 454, 458 Tomognathus, 498 Tongue, 96 —see also Lingua Torymides, 547 Toxodera, 253; T. denticulata 254 Trabeculae, 345 Tracheae, 128; absent, 553, 555 Tracheal gills, 400 f., 401 —see also Branchiae Tremex columba, 507 Trias, 449 Triassic, 239 Trichijulus, 76 Trichodectes, 350; T. latus, 349 Trichoptera, 342, 473 f. Trichostegia, 480 Tricorythus, 434, 436 Tridactylides, 340 Tridactylus variegatus, 337 Trigonalidae, 564 Trigonalys maculifrons, 564 Trigonidiides, 340 Trimen on Trachypetra bufo, 304 Trinidad, 501 Trinoton luridum, 345, 347 Trito-cerebron, 118 Trochanter, 88, 104, 491, 494, 520 Trochantin, 104; of cockroach, 222 Trophi, 91, 94 Tryphonides, 557 Tryxalides, 303, 309, 325 Tryxalis nasuta, 279 Tubulifera, 520 Tympanophorides, 328 Tympanum, 285 f. Tyndall on grasshopper music, 286 Ulloa, 33 Uroceridae, 507 Useless wings, 199, 394, 484, 561 Uterus, 18, 392 Vagus nervous system, 120 Van Rees on metamorphosis, 162, 164 Variation, 536; of colour, 252, 288, 304, 308; in desert Insects, 305; in ocelli, 267, 395, 536 Vatides, 259 Vas deferens, 18, 140, 187, 392 Vayssière, on nymphs of Ephemeridae, 434; on lingua, 438 Veins, 206 Ventral chain, 116, 187, 414; of Perlidae, 404 Ventral plate, 148; tube, 191, 192 Verhoeff, 38 Verloef [misprint for Verhoeff] Verlooren on circulation, 436 Vertex, 94 Vesicula seminalis, 140, 392; absent, 404, 414 Vespa crabro prosternum, 491 Vestibule, 112 Viallanes, on head, 87; on brain, 118, 119; on metamorphosis, 162 Visceral nervous system, 120 Vitellophags, 147, 152, 168 Viviparous Insects, 217, 229, 143, 218 Voetgangers, 295 f. Vom Rath on sense organs, 122 Voracity, 250, 258 Vosseler on stink-glands, 210 Walker, J. J., on Australian Termites, 386 Walking-leaves, 267 Walking on perpendicular and smooth surfaces, 106 Walsh on galls, 531 Wasmann on St. Augustine's works, 565 Wattenwyl, Brunner von—see Brunner Weismann, on caste, 500; on metamorphosis, 162, 166; on imaginal discs, 167 Westwood, on Forficula, 204; on Helicomitus larva, 460, 461; on Lachesilla, 395; on Scleroderma, 536 Weta-punga, 326 Wheeler, on Malpighian tubes, 127; on embryology of Orthoptera, 199; on embryology of Xiphidium, 321; on vitellophags, 147, 152, 168; on segmentation, 150 White ants, 356 —see Termites Wielowiejski on blood-tissue, 133, 137 Will on brain of Aphididae, 118 Wingless: caddis-fly, 481; earwigs, 205; Insects, 345, 352, 356, 451, 488, 536, 547; wingless Psocidae, 394 f. —see also Apterous Wings, 107; origin and function, 394; of Blattidae, 225 f., 227; development of, in locust, 288; in Trichoptera, 479, 480; of dragon-fly, 413; of earwigs, 206; of Ephemera, 431; growth of, 418; of Ichneumon and Bracon, 559; posterior absent, 466, 485; wing-hooks, 494; veins, 107 —see also Tegmina and Alar Organs "Wire-worm," 29, 36 Wistinghausen on tracheae, 129 Wood-Mason on Cotylosoma, 272; on mandibles, 95; on Mantidae, 251, 253; on Oligotoma, 352; on phonation of Mantidae, 258 Woodworth on embryology, 146, 153 Workers, 361, 374, 488, 495 Wyandotte Caves, Myriapods in, 34 Xambeu on Palmon, 546 Xerophyllum simile, 301 Xiphidium ensiferum, 321 Xiphocera asina, 303 Xylobius, 73, 76 Xylocopa, 494; metamorphosis, 170; pronotum, 490 Xyphidriides, 507 f., 510 Yolala, 298 Yolk, 19, 64, 145, 152, 545 Zimmermann on caudal respiration, 435 Zittel, figure from, 276 Zygaena embryo, 151 Zygopterides, 417, 426; nymphs, 422