LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY. (continued 13)

Inextricable, in-eks′tri-ka-bl, adj. not able to be extricated or disentangled.—adv. Inex′tricably.

Infall, in′fal, n. (Carlyle) an inroad.

Infallible, in-fal′i-bl, adj. incapable of error: trustworthy: certain.—ns. Infall′ibilism; Infall′ibilist; Infallibil′ity.—adv. Infall′ibly.—The doctrine of infallibility in the R.C. Church, since 1870, is that the Pope, when speaking ex cathedrâ, is kept from error in all that regards faith and morals.

Infamous, in′fa-mus, adj. having a reputation of the worst kind: publicly branded with guilt: notoriously vile: disgraceful.—vs.t. Infame′, to defame; In′famise, Infam′onise (Shak.), to defame, to brand with infamy.—adv. In′famously.—n. In′famy, ill fame or repute: public disgrace: extreme vileness: (law) a stigma attaching to the character of a person so as to disqualify him from being a witness. [Fr.,—L. in, not, fama, fame.]

Infant, in′fant, n. a babe: (Eng. law) a person under twenty-one years of age.—adj. belonging to infants or to infancy: tender: intended for infants.—v.t. (obs.) to have as an infant: to give rise to.—n. In′fancy, the state or time of being an infant: childhood: the beginning of anything: (Milt.) want of distinct utterance.—adjs. Infantile (in′fant-īl, or -il), Infantine (in′fant-īn, or -in), pertaining to infancy or to an infant. [L. infans, -antis—in, not, fans, pr.p. of fāri, to speak; Gr. phēmi.]

Infanta, in-fan′ta, n. a title given to any one of the legitimate daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the heiress-apparent, or to any one married to an Infante.—n. Infante (in-fan′tā), a title given to any one of the legitimate sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the heir-apparent. [Sp. from root of infant.]

Infanticide, in-fant′i-sīd, n. child murder; the murderer of an infant.—adj. Infant′icidal. [Fr.,—L. infanticidium—infans, an infant, cædĕre, to kill.]

Infantry, in′fant-ri, n. foot-soldiers. [Fr. infanterie—It. infanteria—infante, fante, a child, a servant, a foot-soldier—L. infantem, infans.]

Infatuate, in-fat′ū-āt, v.t. to make foolish: to affect with folly: to deprive of judgment: to inspire with foolish passion: to stupefy.—adj. infatuated or foolish.—n. Infatuā′tion. [L. infatuāre, -ātum—in, in, fatuus, foolish.]

Infaust, in-fawst′, adj. unlucky: unfortunate. [L. infaustus—in, not, faustus, propitious.]

Infeasible, in-fēz′i-bl, adj. not feasible: that cannot be done or accomplished.—n. Infeasibil′ity, the state of being infeasible or impracticable.

Infect, in-fekt′, v.t. to taint, especially with disease: to corrupt: to poison.—adj. (Shak.) tainted.—n. Infec′tion, act of infecting: that which infects or taints.—adjs. Infec′tious, Infect′ive, having the quality of infecting: corrupting: apt to spread.—adv. Infec′tiously.—n. Infec′tiousness. [Fr.,—L. inficĕre, infectum—in, into facĕre, to make.]

Infecundity, in-fe-kun′di-ti, n. want of fecundity or fertility: unfruitfulness.—adj. Infec′und.

Infeftment, in-feft′ment, n. a Scotch law term, used to denote the symbolical giving possession of land, which was the completion of the title.—Infeff′=Enfeoff.

Infelicitous, in-fe-lis′i-tus, adj. not felicitous or happy: inappropriate, inapt.—n. Infelic′ity, want of felicity or happiness, misery, misfortune: unsuitableness: anything unsuitable or improper.

Infelonious, in-fe-lō′ni-us, adj. not felonious.

Infelt, in′felt, adj. felt deeply, heart-felt.

Infer, in-fėr′, v.t. to deduce, to derive, as a consequence: to prove or imply.—v.i. to conclude:—pr.p. infer′ring; pa.p. inferred′.—adjs. Infer′able, Infer′rible, that may be inferred or deduced.—n. In′ference, that which is inferred or deduced: the act of drawing a conclusion from premises, conclusion, consequence.—adj. Inferen′tial, deducible or deduced by inference.—adv. Inferen′tially. [Fr.,—L. inferre—in, into, ferre, to bring.]

Inferiæ, in-fē′ri-ē, n.pl. offerings to the manes of the dead. [L.]

Inferior, in-fē′ri-ur, adj. lower in any respect: subordinate: secondary.—n. one lower in rank or station: one younger than another.—n. Inferior′ity, the state of being inferior: a lower position in any respect.—adv. Infē′riorly, in an inferior manner. [L. inferior, comp. of inferus, low.]

Infernal, in-fėr′nal, adj. belonging to the lower regions: resembling or suitable to hell, devilish: outrageous.—n. Infernal′ity.—adv. Infer′nally.—n. Infer′no (It.), hell, the title and the subject of one of the divisions of Dante's great poem, La Divina Commedia.—Infernal machine, a contrivance made to resemble some ordinary harmless object, but charged with a dangerous explosive. [Fr.,—L. infernus—inferus.]

Infertile, in-fėr-til, adj. not productive: barren.—n. Infertil′ity.

Infest, in-fest′, v.t. to disturb: to harass.—adj. (Spens.) hostile: troublesome.—n. Infestā′tion (Milt.), molestation. [Fr.,—L. infestāre, from infestus, hostile, from in and an old verb fendere, to strike, found in of-fendĕre, de-fendĕre.]

Infeudation, in-fū-dā′shun, n. the putting of an estate in fee: the granting of tithes to laymen.

Infibulate, in-fib′ū-lāt, v.t. to clasp with a padlock.—n. Infibulā′tion, act of confining, esp. the sexual organs.

Infidel, in′fi-del, adj. unbelieving: sceptical: disbelieving Christianity.—n. one who rejects Christianity as a divine revelation, but the word is not used of heathens.—n. Infidel′ity, want of faith or belief: disbelief in Christianity: unfaithfulness, esp. to the marriage contract: treachery. [Fr.,—L. infidelis—in, not, fidelis, faithful—fides, faith.]

Infield, in′fēld, n. in base-ball, the space enclosed within the base-lines: (Scot.) land under tillage:—opp. to Outfield.—v.t. to enclose.

Infighting, in′fīt-ing, n. boxing at close quarters when blows from the shoulder cannot be given.

Infiltrate, in-fil′trāt, v.t. to enter a substance by filtration, or through its pores.—v.t. Infil′ter, to filter or sift in.—n. Infiltrā′tion, the process of infiltrating, or the substance infiltrated.

Infinite, in′fin-it, adj. without end or limit: without bounds: (math.) either greater or smaller than any quantity that can be assigned.—n. that which is not only without determinate bounds, but which cannot possibly admit of bound or limit: the Absolute, the Infinite Being or God.—adjs. Infin′itant, denoting merely negative attribution; Infin′itary, pertaining to infinity.—v.t. Infin′itāte, to make infinite.—adv. In′finitely.—n. In′finiteness, the state of being infinite: immensity.—adj. Infinites′imal, infinitely small.—n. an infinitely small quantity.—adv. Infinites′imally.—adj. Infini′to (mus.), perpetual.—ns. Infin′itūde, Infin′ity, boundlessness: immensity: countless or indefinite number.

Infinitive, in-fin′it-iv, adj. (lit.) unlimited, unrestricted: (gram.) the mood of the verb which expresses the idea without person or number.—adj. Infinitī′val.—adv. Infin′itively. [Fr.,—L. infinitivus.]

Infirm, in-fėrm′, adj. feeble: sickly: weak: not solid: irresolute: imbecile.—ns. Infirmā′rian, an officer in a monastery having charge of the quarters for the sick; Infirm′ary, a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick; Infirm′ity, disease: failing: defect: imbecility.—adv. Infirm′ly. [O. Fr.,—L. infirmus—in, not, firmus, strong.]

Infix, in-fiks′, v.t. to fix in: to drive or fasten in: to set in by piercing. [O. Fr.,—L. infixus—in, in, figĕre, fixum, to fix.]

Inflame, in-flām′, v.t. to cause to flame: to cause to burn: to excite: to increase: to exasperate.—v.i. to become hot, painful, or angry.—ns. Inflammabil′ity, Inflam′mableness, the quality of being inflammable.—adj. Inflam′mable, that may be burned: combustible: easily kindled or excited.—adv. Inflam′mably.—n. Inflammā′tion, state of being in flame: heat of a part of the body, with pain, redness, and swelling: violent excitement: heat.—adj. Inflam′matory, tending to inflame: inflaming: exciting. [O. Fr.,—L. inflammāre—in, into, flamma, a flame.]

Inflate, in-flāt′, v.t. to swell with air: to puff up, elate.—adj. Inflat′ed, swollen or blown out: turgid.—adv. Inflat′ingly.—ns. Inflā′tion, state of being puffed up; Inflā′tus, a breathing into: inspiration. [L. inflāre, -ātum—in, into, flāre, to blow.]

Inflect, in-flekt′, v.t. to bend in: to turn from a direct line or course: to modulate, as the voice: (gram.) to vary in the terminations.—ns. Inflec′tion, Inflex′ion, a bending or deviation: modulation of the voice: (gram.) the varying in termination to express the relations of case, number, gender, person, tense, &c.—adjs. Inflec′tional, Inflex′ional; Inflec′tionless, Inflex′ionless; Inflect′ive, subject to inflection; Inflexed′, bent inward: bent: turned.—ns. Inflexibil′ity, Inflex′ibleness.—adj. Inflex′ible, that cannot be bent: unyielding: unbending.—adv. Inflex′ibly.—n. Inflex′ure, a bend or fold. [L. inflectĕre—in, in, flectĕre, flexum, to bend.]

Inflict, in-flikt′, v.t. to lay on: to impose, as punishment.—n. Inflic′tion, act of inflicting or imposing: punishment applied.—adj. Inflict′ive, tending or able to inflict. [L. inflictus, infligĕre—in, against, fligĕre, to strike.]

Inflorescence, in-flor-es′ens, n. character or mode of flowering of a plant. [Fr.,—L. inflorescens—inflorescĕre, to begin to blossom.]

Inflow, in′flō, n. the act of flowing in or into, influx.

Influence, in′flōō-ens, n. power exerted on men or things: power in operation: authority.—v.t. to affect: to move: to direct.—adj. Influen′tial, having or exerting influence or power over.—adv. Influen′tially. [Orig. a term in astrology, the power or virtue supposed to flow from planets upon men and things; O. Fr.,—Low L. influentia—L. in, into, fluĕre, to flow.]

Influent, in′flōō-ent, adj. flowing in.

Influenza, in-flōō-en′za, n. a severe epidemic catarrh, accompanied with weakening fever. [It.,—L., a by-form of influence.]

Influx, in′fluks, n. a flowing in: infusion: abundant accession.—n. Influx′ion, infusion. [L. influxus—influĕre.]

Infold. See Enfold.

Inform, in-form′, v.t. to give form to: to animate or give life to: to impart knowledge to: to tell: (Milt.) to direct.—v.i. (Shak.) to take shape or form: to give information (with against or on).—adj. Inform′al, not in proper form: irregular.—n. Informal′ity.—adv. Inform′ally.—ns. Inform′ant, one who informs or gives intelligence; Informā′tion, intelligence given: knowledge: an accusation given to a magistrate or court.—adjs. Inform′ative, having power to form: instructive; Inform′atory, instructive; Informed′ (Spens.), unformed: (astron.) of stars not included within the figures of any of the ancient constellations.—n. Inform′er, one who informs against another. [O. Fr.,—L. informāre—in, into, formāre, to form.]

Informidable, in-for′mi-da-bl, adj. (Milt.) not formidable.

Infortune, in-for′tūn, n. misfortune.

Infracostal, in-fra-kos′tal, adj. situated beneath the ribs.

Infraction, in-frak′shun, n. violation, esp. of law: breach.—v.t. Infract′, to break off.—n. Infrac′tor, one who infracts. [L.,—in, in, frangĕre, fractum, to break.]

Infragrant, in-frā′grant, adj. not fragrant.

Infrahuman, in-fra-hū′man, adj. having qualities lower than human.

Infralapsarianism, in-frä-lap-sā′ri-an-izm, n. (theol.) the common Augustinian and Calvinist doctrine, that God for His own glory determined to create the world, to permit the fall of men, to elect from the mass of fallen men an innumerable multitude as 'vessels of mercy,' to send His Son for their redemption, to leave the residue of mankind to suffer the just punishment of their sins—distinct both from the Supralapsarianism of the strictest Calvinists and the Sublapsarianism held by moderate Calvinists.—n. Infralapsā′rian, one who holds the foregoing. [L. infra, below, after, lapsus, the fall.]

Inframaxillary, in-fra-mak′si-la-ri, adj. situated under the jaw: belonging to the lower jaw.

Inframundane, in-fra-mun′dān, adj. lying or being beneath the world. [L. infra, beneath, mundus, the world.]

Infrangible, in-fran′ji-bl, adj. that cannot be broken: not to be violated.—ns. Infrangibil′ity, Infran′gibleness.

Infraorbital, in-fra-or′bi-tal, adj. situated below the orbit of the eye.

Infrascapular, in-fra-skap′ū-lar, adj. situated below the scapula.

Infrequent, in-frē′kwent, adj. seldom occurring: rare: uncommon.—ns. Infrē′quence, Infrē′quency.—adv. Infrē′quently.

Infringe, in-frinj′, v.t. to violate, esp. law: to neglect to obey.—n. Infringe′ment, breach: violation: non-fulfilment. [L. infringĕre—in, in, frangĕre.]

Infructuous, in-fruk′tū-us, adj. not fruitful.—adv. Infruc′tuously.

Infula, in′fū-la, n. a white-and-red fillet or band of woollen stuff, worn upon the forehead, as a sign of religious consecration and of inviolability: a lappet in a mitre:—pl. In′fulæ (ē). [L.]

Infumation, in-fūm-ā′shun, n. the act of drying in smoke.—v.t. In′fumate. [L. infumāre, -ātum—in, in, fumāre, to smoke—fumus, smoke.]

Infundibular, in-fun-dib′ū-lar, adj. having the form of a funnel.—Also Infundib′ulate, Infundib′uliform. [L. in, in, fundĕre, to pour.]

Infuriate, in-fū′ri-āt, v.t. to enrage: to madden.—adj. enraged: mad. [L. in, in, furiāre, -ātum, to madden—furĕre, to rave.]

Infuscate, in-fus′kāt, adj. clouded with brown.

Infuse, in-fūz′, v.t. to pour into: to inspire with: to introduce: to steep in liquor without boiling: (Shak.) to shed, pour.—n. (Spens.) infusion.—adj. Infus′ible.—n. Infū′sion, the pouring of water over any substance, in order to extract its active qualities: a solution in water of an organic, esp. a vegetable, substance: the liquor so obtained: inspiration: instilling.—adj. Infus′ive, having the power of infusion, or of being infused. [L. infundĕre, infusum—in, into, fundĕre, fusum, to pour.]

Infusible, in-fūz′i-bl, adj. that cannot be dissolved or melted.

Infusoria, in-fū-sō′ri-a, n.pl. a name given to several classes of active Protozoa, some of which appear in great numbers in stagnant infusions of animal or vegetable material.—adjs. Infusō′rial, Infū′sory, composed of or containing infusoria.—n. and adj. Infusō′rian.—Infusorial earth, a siliceous deposit formed chiefly of the frustates of Diatoms—used as Tripoli powder for polishing purposes. [L.]

Ingate, in′gāt, n. (Spens.) a way in, entrance.

Ingathering, in′gäth-ėr-ing, n. the collecting and securing of the fruits of the earth: harvest.—Feast of Ingathering (see Tabernacles, Feast of).

Ingeminate, in-jem′in-āt, v.t. to repeat.—n. Ingeminā′tion. [L. ingemināre, -ātum—in, in, geminus, twin.]

Ingener, in-jē′nėr, n. (Shak.) an ingenious person: a contriver: a designer.

Ingenerate, in-jen′ėr-āt, v.t. to generate or produce within.—adj. inborn: innate.

Ingenious, in-jē′ni-us, adj. of good natural abilities: skilful in inventing: witty.—adv. Ingē′niously.—ns. Ingē′niousness, Ingenū′ity, power of ready invention: facility in combining ideas: curiousness in design; Ingē′nium, bent of mind. [L. ingeniosus—ingenium, mother-wit, from in, and gen, root of gignĕre, to beget.]

Ingenuous, in-jen′ū-us, adj. frank: honourable: free from deception.—adv. Ingen′uously—n. Ingen′uousness. [L. ingenuus.]

Ingest, in-jest′, v.t. to throw into the stomach.—n.pl. Ingest′a, substances introduced into an organic body.—n. Ingest′ion:—opp. to Egestion.

Ingle, ing′gl, n. (Scot.) a fire: fireplace.—ns. Ing′le-cheek, Ing′leside (Scot.), a fireside. [Gael. aingeal; but prob. L.—igniculus, dim. of ignis, fire.]

Ingle, ing′gl, n. a familiar friend. [Origin obscure.]

Inglobe, in-glōb′, v.t. (Milt.) to encircle: involve.—adj. Inglob′āte, in the form of a globe or sphere.

Inglorious, in-glō′ri-us, adj. not glorious: without honour: shameful.—adv. Inglō′riously.—n. Inglō′riousness.

Ingluvies, in-glōō′vi-ēz, n. the crop or craw of birds.—adj. Inglu′vial. [L.]

Ingoing, in′-gō-ing, n. a going in: entrance.—adj. going in: entering as an occupant.

Ingot, in′got, n. a mass of unwrought metal, esp. gold or silver, cast in a mould. [A.S. in, in, and goten, pa.p. of geótan, to pour; Ger. giessen, Goth. giutan. The Ger. einguss is an exact parallel to ingot.]

Ingraft. See Engraft.

Ingrain, in′grān′, v.t. the same as Engrain.—adj. dyed in the yarn or thread before manufacture.

Ingrate, in′grāt, n. (Milt.) one who is ungrateful.—adj. Ingrate′ful, unthankful.

Ingratiate, in-grā′shi-āt, v.t. to commend to grace or favour (used reflexively, and followed by with): to secure the good-will of another. [L. in, into, gratia, favour.]

Ingratitude, in-grat′i-tūd, n. unthankfulness: the return of evil for good. [Low L. ingratitudo—L. ingratus, unthankful.]

Ingredient, in-grē′di-ent, n. that which enters into compound: a component part of anything. [Fr.,—L. ingrediens, -entis, pr.p. of ingredi—in, into, gradi, to enter.]

Ingress, in′gres, n. entrance: power, right, or means of entrance.—n. Ingress′ion. [L. ingressus—ingredi.]

Ingroove. See Engroove.

Ingross, in-grōs′, v.t. (Shak.). Same as Engross.

Ingrowing, in′grō-ing, adj. growing inward.—n. In′growth.

Inguilty, in-gilt′i, adj. (Shak.) not guilty.

Inguinal, ing′gwin-al, adj. relating to the groin. [L. inguinalis—inguen, inguinus, the groin.]

Ingulf. See Engulf.

Ingurgitate, in-gur′ji-tāt, v.t. to swallow up greedily, as in a gulf.—n. Ingurgitā′tion. [L. ingurgitāre, -ātum—in, into, gurges, a whirlpool.]

Inhabit, in-hab′it, v.t. to dwell in: to occupy.—v.i. (Shak.) to dwell.—adj. Inhab′itable, that may be inhabited.—ns. Inhab′itance, Inhab′itancy, the act of inhabiting: actual residence; Inhab′itant, one who inhabits: a resident.—adj. resident.—ns. Inhabitā′tion, the act of inhabiting: dwelling-place: (Milt.) population; Inhab′iter (B.), an inhabitant; Inhab′itiveness, love of locality and home; Inhab′itress, a female inhabitant. [Fr.,—L., from in, in, habitāre, to dwell.]

Inhale, in-hāl′, v.t. to draw in the breath, to draw into the lungs, as air.—adjs. Inhā′lant, Inhā′lent.—ns. Inhalā′tion, the drawing into the lungs, as air, or fumes; Inhal′er. [L. inhalāre, to breathe upon—in, upon, halāre, to breathe.]

Inharmonious, in-har-mō′ni-us, adj. discordant, unmusical.—adjs. Inharmon′ic, -al, wanting harmony: inharmonious.—adv. Inharmō′niously.—ns. Inharmō′niousness; Inhar′mony, want of harmony.

Inhaust, in′häst, v.t. (humorous) to drink in. [L. in, in, haurīre, haustum, to draw.]

Inhearse, in-hėrs′; v.t. (Shak.) to enclose in a hearse, to bury.

Inhere, in-hēr′, v.i. to stick fast: to remain firm in.—ns. Inher′ence, Inher′ency, a sticking fast: existence in something else: a fixed state of being in another body or substance.—adj. Inher′ent, sticking fast: existing in and inseparable from something else: innate: natural.—adv. Inher′ently. [L. inhærēre—in, in, hærēre, to stick.]

Inherit, in-her′it, v.t. to take as heir or by descent from an ancestor: to possess.—v.i. to enjoy, as property.—adj. Inher′itable, same as Heritable.—ns. Inher′itance, that which is or may be inherited: an estate derived from an ancestor: hereditary descent: natural gift: possession; Inher′itor, one who inherits or may inherit: an heir:—fem. Inher′itress, Inher′itrix. [O. Fr. enhériter—Low L. hereditāre, to inherit—L. in, in, heres, an heir.]

Inhesion, in-hē′zhun. Same as Inherence.

Inhibit, in-hib′it, v.t. to hold in or back: to keep back: to check.—n. Inhibi′tion, the act of inhibiting or restraining: the state of being inhibited: prohibition: a writ from a higher court to an inferior judge to stay proceedings.—adj. Inhib′itory, prohibitory. [L. inhibēre, -hibitum—in, in, habēre, to have.]

Inholder, in-hōld′ėr, n. (Spens.) an inhabitant.

Inhoop, in-hōōp′, v.t. (Shak.) to confine, as in a hoop or enclosure.

Inhospitable, in-hos′pit-a-bl, adj. affording no kindness to strangers.—ns. Inhos′pitableness, Inhospital′ity, want of hospitality or courtesy to strangers.—adv. Inhos′pitably.

Inhuman, in-hū′man, adj. barbarous: cruel: unfeeling.—n. Inhuman′ity, the state of being inhuman: barbarity: cruelty.—adv. Inhū′manly.

Inhume, in-hūm′, v.t. to inter.—n. Inhumā′tion, the act of depositing in the ground: burial. [L. inhumāre—in, in, humus, the ground.]

Inimical, in-im′i-kal, adj. like an enemy, not friendly: contrary: repugnant.—adv. Inim′ically. [L. inimicalis—inimicus—in, not, amicus, friendly.]

Inimitable, in-im′it-a-bl, adj. that cannot be imitated: surpassingly excellent.—ns. Inimitabil′ity, Inim′itableness, the quality of being inimitable.—adv. Inim′itably.

Inion, in′i-on, n. the external occipital protuberance:—pl. In′ia. [Gr.]

Iniquity, in-ik′wi-ti, n. want of equity or fairness: injustice: wickedness: a crime: one of the names of the Vice, the established buffoon of the old Moralities.—adj. Iniq′uitous, unjust: unreasonable: wicked.—adv. Iniq′uitously. [Fr.,—L. iniquitatem—iniquus, unequal—in, not, æquus, equal.]

Initial, in-ish′al, adj. commencing: placed at the beginning.—n. the letter beginning a word, esp. a name.—v.t. to put the initials of one's name to:—pr.p. init′ialing (-alling); pa.p. init′ialed (-alled).—v.t. Init′iāte, to make a beginning: to instruct in principles: to acquaint with: to introduce into a new state or society.—v.i. to perform the first act or rite.—n. one who is initiated.—adj. fresh: unpractised.—n. Initiā′tion, act or process of initiating: act of admitting to any society, by instructing in its rules and ceremonies.—adj. Init′iātive, serving to initiate: introductory.—n. an introductory step: the power or right of commencing.—adj. Init′iātory, tending to initiate: introductory.—n. introductory rite. [L. initialis—initium, a beginning, inīre, inītum—in, into, īre, ītum, to go.]

Inject, in-jekt′, v.t. to throw into: to cast on: to make to pass in or into.—ns. Injec′tion, act of injecting or throwing in or into: the act of filling the vessels of an animal body with any liquid: a liquid to be injected into any part of the body; Injec′tor, one who injects: something used for injecting, especially an apparatus by which a stream of water is forced into a steam-boiler. [L. injicĕre, injectum—in, into, jacĕre, to throw.]

Injelly, in-jel′i, v.t. (Tenn.) to place, as if in jelly.

Injoint, in-joint′, v.t. (Shak.) to join.

Injudicious, in-jōō-dish′us, adj. void of or wanting in judgment: imprudent: inconsiderate.—adj. Injudic′ial, not according to law-forms.—adv. Injudic′iously.—n. Injudic′iousness.

Injunction, in-jungk′shun, n. act of enjoining or commanding: an order: a precept: exhortation: an introductory writ by which a superior court stops or prevents some inequitable or illegal act being done—called in Scotland an interdict: (Milt.) conjunction. [Low L. injunction-em—in, in, jungĕre, junctum, to join.]

Injure, in′jōōr, v.t. to wrong, harm: to damage: to annoy.—n. In′jurer, one who injures.—adj. Inju′rious, tending to injure: unjust: wrongful: mischievous: damaging reputation.—adv. Inju′riously.—ns. Inju′riousness; In′jury, that which injures: wrong: mischief: annoyance: (Pr. Bk.) insult, offence. [Fr. injurier—L. injuriāri—injuria, injury—in, not, jus, juris, law.]

Injustice, in-jus′tis, n. violation or withholding of another's rights or dues: wrong: iniquity.

Ink, ingk, n. a coloured fluid used in writing, printing, &c.—v.t. to daub with ink.—ns. Ink′-bag, -sac, a sac in some cuttle-fishes, containing a black viscid fluid; Ink′-bott′le, an inkstand: a bottle for holding ink placed in an inkstand; Ink′holder, Ink′stand, a vessel for holding ink; Ink′horn (obs.), an inkholder, formerly of horn: a portable case for ink, &c.; Ink′horn-mate (Shak.), a bookish man; Ink′iness; Ink′-pot, an inkholder.—adj. pedantic.—ns. Ink′ing-ta′ble, a table or flat surface used for supplying the inking-roller with ink during the process of printing; Ink′ing-roll′er, a roller covered with a composition for inking printing types; Ink′-stone, a kind of stone containing sulphate of iron, used in making ink.—adj. Ink′y, consisting of or resembling ink: blackened with ink.—n. Print′ing-ink (see Print).—China ink, Indian ink, a mechanical mixture of the purest and densest lampblack, with a solution of gum or gelatine; Invisible or Sympathetic ink, a kind of ink which remains invisible on the paper until it is heated.—Sling ink (slang), to write: to earn one's bread by writing. [O. Fr. enque (Fr. encre)—Low L. encaustum, the purple-red ink used by the later Roman emperors—Gr. engkauston—engkaiein, to burn in. See Encaustic.]

Inkle, ingk′l, n. (Shak.) a kind of broad linen tape. [M. E. liniolf, inniolf, allied to O. Fr. lignel, shoemakers' thread, ligne, thread—L. linea, linum, flax.]

Inkling, ingk′ling, n. a hint or whisper: intimation.—v.i. Ink′le, to have a hint of. [M. E. inclen, to hint at, which Skeat suspects to be corrupted from Dan. ymte, to mutter; cf. Ice. ym-ta, to mutter; ultimately imitative.]

In-kneed, in′-nēd, adj. knock-kneed.

Inlace, in-lās′, v.t. to embellish, as with lace: to lace.

Inland, in′land, n. the interior part of a country.—adj. remote from the sea: carried on or produced within a country: confined to a country: (Shak.) refined, polished.—n. In′lander, one who lives inland.—Inland navigation, passage of boats or vessels on rivers, lakes, or canals within a country; Inland revenue, internal revenue, derived from excise, stamps, income-tax, &c. [A.S. inland, a domain—in and land.]

Inlay, in-lā′, v.t. to ornament by laying in or inserting pieces of metal, ivory, &c.—pa.p. Inlaid′.—n. pieces of metal, ivory, &c. for inlaying.—ns. Inlay′er; Inlay′ing.

Inlet, in′let, n. a passage by which one is let in: place of ingress: a small bay.

Inlock, in-lok′, v.t. Same as Enlock.

Inly, in′li, adj. inward: secret.—adv. inwardly: in the heart.

Inmate, in′māt, n. one who lodges in the same house with another: a lodger: one received into a hospital, &c.—adj. dwelling in the same place.

Inmeats, in′mēts, n.pl. the entrails.

Inmost. See Innermost.

Inn, in, n. a public house for the lodging and entertainment of travellers: a hotel, tavern: (obs.) a lodging, a place of abode.—ns. Inn′-hold′er (Bacon), one who keeps an inn; Inn′keeper, one who keeps an inn.—Inns of Court, the name given to the four voluntary societies which have the exclusive right of calling persons to the English bar (Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn). [A.S. in, inn, an inn, house—in, inn, within (adv.), from the prep. in, in.]

Innate, in′āt, or in-nāt′, adj. inborn: natural to the mind, instinctive, inherent.—adv. Inn′ately.—n. Inn′ateness.—adj. Innā′tive, native.—Innate ideas, a priori principles of knowledge and of action, the word 'innate' implying that the power of recognising such principles is provided for in the constitution of the mind. [L. innātus—innasci—in, in, nasci, to be born.]

Innavigable, in-nav′i-ga-bl, adj. impassable by ships.—adv. Innav′igably.

Inner, in′ėr, adj. (comp. of in) farther in: interior.—adjs. Inn′ermost, In′most (superl. of in), farthest in: most remote from the outward part.—adv. Inn′ermostly. [A.S. in, comp. innera, superl. innemest—inne-m-est—thus a double superlative.]

Innervate, in-ėrv′āt, v.t. to supply with force or nervous energy—also Innerve′.—n. Innervā′tion, special mode of activity inherent in the nervous structure: nervous activity.

Inning, in′ing, n. the ingathering of grain: turn for using the bat in cricket (in this sense used only in the plural): the time during which a person or party is in possession of anything: (pl.) lands recovered from the sea.—Good innings, or Long innings, good luck, or a long run of such. [A verbal noun from old verb to inn—i.e. to house corn, from noun inn.]

Innocent, in′o-sent, adj. not hurtful: inoffensive: blameless: pure: lawful: simple, imbecile.—n. one free from fault: an idiot.—ns. Inn′ocence, harmlessness: blamelessness: purity: artlessness: integrity: imbecility: absence of legal guilt; Inn′ocency, the quality of being innocent.—adv. Inn′ocently.—Innocents' Day (see Childermas). [O. Fr.,—L. innocens, -entis—in, not, nocēre, to hurt.]

Innocuous, in-nok′ū-us, adj. not hurtful: harmless in effects.—adv. Innoc′uously.—ns. Innoc′uousness, Innocū′ity, the state of being innocuous. [L. innocuus—in, not, nocuus, hurtful—nocēre, to hurt.]

Innominate, i-nom′i-nāt, adj. having no name.—adj. Innom′inable, unnamable.—n.pl. trousers.—Innominate artery, the first large branch given off from the arch of the Aorta (q.v.); Innominate bone (os innominatum), the haunch-bone, hip-bone. [L. in, not, nomināre, -ātum, to name.]

Innovate, in′o-vāt, v.t. to introduce something new.—v.i. to introduce novelties: to make changes.—ns. Innovā′tion; Innovā′tionist; Inn′ovator. [L. innovāre, -ātum—in, in, novus, new.]

Innoxious, in-nok′shus, adj. same as Innocuous.—adv. Innox′iously.—n. Innox′iousness, the quality of being innocuous.

Innuendo, in-ū-en′dō, n. a side-hint: an indirect reference or intimation: a part of a pleading in cases of libel and slander, pointing out what and who was meant by the libellous matter or description, [L., the ablative gerund of innuĕre—in, in, nuĕre, to nod.]

Innumerable, in-nū′mėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be numbered: countless.—ns. Innūmerabil′ity, the state or quality of being innumerable; Innū′merableness.—adv. Innū′merably.—adj. Innū′merous, without number: innumerable.

Innutrition, in-nū-trish′un, n. want of nutrition: failure of nourishment.—adj. Innutrit′ious, not nutritious: without nourishment.

Inobservant, in-ob-zėr′vant, adj. not observant: heedless.—adj. Inobser′vable, incapable of being observed.—ns. Inobser′vance, lack of observance; Inobservā′tion.

Inobtrusive, in-ob-trōō′siv, adj. unobtrusive.—adv. Inobtru′sively.—n. Inobtru′siveness.

Inoculate, in-ok′ū-lāt, v.t. to insert a bud for propagation: to engraft: to communicate disease by inserting matter in the skin.—v.i. to propagate by budding: to practise inoculation.—adj. Inoc′ulable.—n. Inoculā′tion, act or practice of inoculating: insertion of the buds of one plant into another: the communication of disease to a healthy subject by the introduction of a specific germ or animal poison into his system by puncture or otherwise.—adjs. Inoculā′tive, Inoculā′tory.—n. Inoc′ulator. [L. inoculāre, -ātum—in, into, oculus, an eye.]

Inodorous, in-ō′dur-us, adj. without smell.

Inoffensive, in-of-fen′siv, adj. giving no offence: harmless: not unpleasing.—adv. Inoffen′sively.—n. Inoffen′siveness.

Inofficial, in-of-fish′al, adj. not proceeding from the proper officer: without the usual forms of authority.—adv. Inoffic′ially.—adj. Inoffic′ious (rare), regardless of duty.

Inoperative, in-op′ėr-a-tiv, adj. not in action: producing no effect.

Inopportune, in-op-por-tūn′, adj. unseasonable in time.—adv. Inopportune′ly.—n. Inopportūn′ity.

Inorb, in-orb′, v.t. to form as an orb.

Inordinate, in-or′di-nāt, adj. beyond usual bounds: irregular: immoderate.—ns. Inor′dinacy, Inor′dinateness.—adv. Inor′dinately.—n. Inordinā′tion, deviation from rule: irregularity. [L. inordinatus—in, not, ordināre, -ātum, to arrange.]

Inorganic, in-or-gan′ik, adj. without life or organisation, as minerals, &c.: of accidental origin, not normally developed.—adv. Inorgan′ically.—n. Inorganisā′tion, want of organisation.—adj. Inor′ganised, same as Inorganic.—Inorganic chemistry, a subdivision of chemistry made originally to designate the chemistry of purely mineral substances, and retained still mainly as a matter of convenience.

Inosculate, in-os′kū-lāt, v.t. and v.i. to unite by mouths or ducts, as two vessels in an animal body: to blend.—n. Inosculā′tion. [L. in, and osculāri, -ātus, to kiss.]

In-patient, in′pā-shent, n. a patient lodged and fed as well as treated in a hospital:—opp. to Out-patient.

Inpouring, in′pōr-ing, n. a pouring in: addition.

Input, in′pōōt, n. (Scot.) contribution.

Inquest, in′kwest, n. act of inquiring: search: judicial inquiry before a jury into any matter, esp. any case of violent or sudden death. [O. Fr. enqueste—L. inquisita (res)—inquirĕre, to inquire.]

Inquietude, in-kwī′et-ūd, n. disturbance or uneasiness of body or mind.—adj. Inquī′et, unquiet.—v.t. to disturb.

Inquiline, in′kwi-lin, adj. living in the abode of another, as a pea-crab in an oyster-shell.—n. an animal so living.—adj. Inquilī′nous. [L. inquilinus—incola, inhabitant—in, in, colĕre, to inhabit.]

Inquire, in-kwīr′, v.i. to ask a question: to make an investigation.—v.t. to ask about: to make an examination regarding: (Spens.) to call.—n. (Shak.) a seeking for information.—ns. Inquirā′tion (Dickens), inquiry; Inquiren′do (law), an authority to inquire; Inquir′er.—adj. Inquir′ing, given to inquiry.—adv. Inquir′ingly.—n. Inquir′y, act of inquiring: search for knowledge: investigation; a question.—Writ of inquiry, a writ appointing an inquest. [Fr.,—L. inquirĕre—in, in, quærĕre, quæsitum, to seek.]

Inquisition, in-kwi-zish′un, n. an inquiring or searching for: investigation: judicial inquiry: a tribunal in the R.C. Church, called also 'the Holy Office,' for the discovery, repression and punishment of heresy, unbelief, and other offences against religion.—v.t. (Milt.), to investigate.—adjs. Inquisit′ional, making inquiry: relating to the Inquisition: Inquis′itive, searching into: apt to ask questions: curious.—adv. Inquis′itively.—ns. Inquis′itiveness; Inquis′itor, one who inquires: an official inquirer: a member of the Court of Inquisition.—adj. Inquisitō′rial.—adv. Inquisitō′rially.—n. Inquis′itress, an inquisitive woman.—adj. Inquisitū′rient (Milt.), inquisitorial.—Grand Inquisitor, the chief in a Court of Inquisition. [L. inquisition-em. See Inquire.]

Inroad, in′rōd, n. an incursion into an enemy's country: a sudden invasion: attack: encroachment.

Inrush, in′rush, n. an invasion: an irruption.

Insalivation, in-sal-i-vā′shun, n. the process of mixing the food with the saliva.

Insalubrious, in-sa-lū′bri-us, adj. not healthful; unwholesome.—n. Insalū′brity.

Insalutary, in-sal′ū-tar-i, adj. not salutary or favourable to health: unwholesome.

Insanable, in-san′a-bl, adj. incurable.—n. Insan′ableness.—adv. Insan′ably.

Insane, in-sān′, adj. not sane or of sound mind: crazy: mad: utterly unwise: senseless: causing insanity—(Shak.) 'insane root,' prob. hemlock or henbane.—adv. Insane′ly.—ns. Insane′ness, insanity: madness; Insa′nie (Shak.) insanity; Insan′ity, want of sanity: an alteration in all or any of the functions of the brain, unfitting a man for affairs, and rendering him dangerous to himself and others: madness.

Insanitary, in-san′i-ta-ri, adj. not sanitary.—n. Insanitā′tion, want of proper sanitary arrangements.

Insatiable, in-sā′shi-a-bl, Insatiate, in-sā′shi-āt, adj. that cannot be satiated or satisfied.—ns. Insā′tiableness, Insatiabil′ity, Insatī′ety.—adv. Insā′tiably.

Inscient, in′shi-ent, adj. not knowing, ignorant: knowing. [Fr.,—L. in, not, sciens, scīre, to know; in the sense of knowing, prefix in- is intens.]

Inscribe, in-skrīb′, v.t. to write upon: to engrave, as on a monument: to put (a person's name) in a book, by way of compliment: to imprint deeply: (geom.) to draw one figure within another.—adj. Inscrīb′able.—ns. Inscrīb′er; Inscrip′tion, a writing upon: that which is inscribed: title: dedication of a book to a person: the name given to records inscribed on stone, metal, clay, &c.—adjs. Inscrip′tional, Inscrip′tive, bearing an inscription: of the character of an inscription. [Fr.,—L. inscribĕre, inscriptum—in, upon, scribĕre, to write.]

Inscroll, in-skrōl′, v.t. (Shak.) to write on a scroll.

Inscrutable, in-skrōōt′a-bl, adj. that cannot be scrutinised or searched into and understood: inexplicable.—ns. Inscrutabil′ity, Inscrut′ableness.—adv. Inscrut′ably. [L. inscrutabilis—in, not, scrutāri, to search into.]

Insculp, in-skulp′, v.t. (Shak.) to engrave, to cut or carve upon.—n. Insculp′ture (Shak.), anything engraved. [L. insculpĕre—in, in, sculpĕre, to carve.]

Insect, in′sekt, n. a word loosely used for a small creature, as a wasp or fly, with a body as if cut in the middle, or divided into sections: (zool.) an arthropod, usually winged in adult life, breathing air by means of tracheæ, and having frequently a metamorphosis in the life-history.—adj. like an insect: small: mean.—ns. Insectār′ium, a place where a collection of living insects is kept; Insec′ticide, act of killing insects.—adjs. Insec′tiform, Insec′tile, having the nature of an insect.—ns. Insec′tifuge, a substance which protects against insects; Insec′tion, an incision; In′sect-net, a light hand-net for catching insects; In′sect-pow′der, a dry powder used for stupefying and killing fleas and other insects, an insecticide or insectifuge. [Fr.,—L. insectum, pa.p. of insecāre—in, into, secāre, to cut.]

Insectivora, in-sek-tiv′or-a, n. an order of mammals, mostly terrestrial, nocturnal in habit, and small in size—shrews, moles, hedgehogs, &c.—adj. Insectiv′orous, living on insects. [L. insectum, an insect, vorāre, to devour.]

Insecure, in-se-kūr′, adj. apprehensive of danger or loss: exposed to danger or loss: uncertain.—adv. Insecure′ly.—n. Insecur′ity.

Insensate, in-sen′sāt, adj. void of sense: wanting sensibility: stupid.—n. Insen′sateness, the state of being insensate or destitute of sense: insensibility. [L. insensātus—in, not, sensatus—sensus, feeling.]

Insensible, in-sen′si-bl, adj. not having feeling: not susceptible of emotion: callous: dull: unconscious: imperceptible by the senses.—ns. Insensibil′ity, Insen′sibleness; Insen′siblist, an unfeeling person.—adv. Insen′sibly.—adj. Insen′suous, not sensuous: without the power of perception.

Insensitive, in-sen′si-tiv, adj. not sensitive.

Insensuous, in-sen′sū-us, adj. not sensuous.

Insentient, in-sen′shi-ent, adj. not having perception.

Inseparable, in-sep′ar-a-bl, adj. that cannot be separated.—ns. Insep′arableness, Inseparabil′ity.—adv. Insep′arably.—adj. Insep′arate (Shak.), not separate, united.

Insert, in-sėrt′, v.t. to introduce into: to put in or among.—n. (in′sėrt) something additional inserted into a proof, &c.; a circular, or the like, placed for posting within the folds of a paper or leaves of a book.—adj. Insert′ed (bot.), attached to or growing out of some part.—n. Inser′tion, act of inserting: condition of being inserted: that which is inserted. [L. in, in, serĕre, sertum, to join.]

Insessores, in-se-sō′rēz, n.pl. an order of birds called by Cuvier Passerine (sparrow-like)—the title is now replaced by that of Passeres (q.v.).—adj. Insessō′rial, having feet (as birds) formed for perching or climbing on trees. [L. insessor, from insidēre, insessum—in, on, sedēre, to sit.]

Inset, in′set, n. something set in, an insertion, esp. a leaf or leaves inserted in other leaves already folded.—v.t. to set in, to infix or implant.

Inseverable, in-sev′ėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be severed or separated.

Insheathe, in-shēth′, v.t. to put in a sheath.

Inshell, in-shel′, v.t. (Shak.) to hide, as in a shell.

Inshelter, in-shel′tėr, v.t. to place in shelter.

Inship, in-ship′, v.t. (Shak.) to ship, to embark.

Inshore, in-shōr′, adv. on or near the shore.—adj. situated near the shore, as fishings.

Inshrine, in-shrīn′. Same as Enshrine.

Insiccation, in-sik-kā′shun, n. act of drying in. [L. in, in, siccāre, -ātum, to dry.]

Inside, in′sīd, n. the side or part within: things within, as the entrails, personal feelings, &c.: a passenger in the interior part of a bus or carriage.—adj. being within: interior.—adv. and prep. within the sides of: in the interior of: (Amer.) within the limit of time or space (with of).—n. Insī′der, one who is inside: one within a certain organisation, &c.: one possessing some particular advantage.—Inside edge, a stroke in skating made on the inner edge of the skate, the right foot making a curve to the left, the left foot one to the right.—Have the inside track, to have the inner side in a race-course: to have the advantage in position.

Insidious, in-sid′i-us, adj. watching an opportunity to ensnare: intended to entrap: deceptive: advancing imperceptibly: treacherous.—adv. Insid′iously.—n. Insid′iousness. [L. insidiosus—insidiæ, an ambush—insidēre—in, sedēre, to sit.]

Insight, in′sīt, n. sight into: thorough knowledge or skill: power of acute observation.

Insignia, in-sig′ni-a, n.pl. signs or badges of office or honour: marks by which anything is known. [L., pl. of insigne—in, in, signum, a mark.]

Insignificant, in-sig-nif′i-kant, adj. destitute of meaning: without effect: unimportant: petty.—ns. Insignif′icance, Insignif′icancy.—adv. Insignif′icantly.—adj. Insignif′icātive, not significative or expressing by external signs.

Insincere, in-sin-sēr′, adj. deceitful: dissembling: not to be trusted: unsound.—adv. Insincere′ly.—n. Insincer′ity.

Insinew, in-sin′ū, v.t. (Shak.) to impart vigour to.

Insinuate, in-sin′ū-āt, v.t. to introduce gently or artfully: to hint, esp. a fault: to work into favour.—v.i. to creep or flow in: to enter gently: to obtain access by flattery or stealth.—adj. Insin′uating, tending to insinuate or enter gently: insensibly winning confidence.—adv. Insin′uatingly.—n. Insinuā′tion, act of insinuating: power of insinuating: that which is insinuated: a hint, esp. conveying an indirect imputation.—adj. Insin′uative, insinuating or stealing on the confidence: using insinuation.—n. Insin′uator.—adj. Insin′uatory. [L. insinuāre, -ātum—in, in, sinus, a curve.]

Insipid, in-sip′id, adj. tasteless: wanting spirit or animation: dull.—adv. Insip′idly.—ns. Insip′idness, Insipid′ity, want of taste. [Fr.,—Low L.,—L. in, not, sapidus, well-tasted—sapĕre, to taste.]

Insipience, in-sip′i-ens, adj. lack of wisdom.—adj. Insip′ient. [Fr.,—L.,—in, not, sapiens, wise]

Insist, in-sist′, v.i. to dwell on emphatically in discourse: to persist in pressing: (Milt.) to persevere.—n. Insist′ence, perseverance in pressing any claim, grievance, &c.: pertinacity.—adj. Insist′ent, urgent: prominent: upright on end.—adv. Insist′ently.—n. Insist′ure, persistence: (Shak.) constancy. [Fr.,—L. insistĕre, in, upon, sistĕre, to stand.]

Insnare. See Ensnare.

Insobriety, in-so-brī′e-ti, n. want of sobriety.

Insociable, in-sō′sha-bl, adj. not sociable: that cannot be associated or joined.

Insolate, in′so-lāt, v.t. to expose to the sun's rays.—n. Insolā′tion, exposure to the sun's rays: an injury to plants caused by too much of the sun. [L. insolāre, -ātum—in, in, sol, the sun.]

Insole, in′sōl, n. the inner sole of a boot or shoe:—opp. to Outsole: a sole of some material placed inside a shoe for warmth or dryness.

Insolent, in′so-lent, adj. overbearing: insulting: rude.—n. In′solence.—adv. In′solently. [O. Fr.,—L. insolens—in, not, solens, pa.p. of solēre, to be wont.]

Insolidity, in-so-lid′i-ti, n. want of solidity.

Insoluble, in-sol′ū-bl, adj. not capable of being dissolved: not to be solved or explained.—ns. Insolubil′ity, Insol′ubleness.

Insolvable, in-solv′a-bl, adj. not solvable.

Insolvent, in-solv′ent, adj. not able to pay one's debts: bankrupt: pertaining to insolvent persons.—n. one unable to pay his debts.—n. Insolv′ency, bankruptcy.

Insomnia, in-som′ni-a, n. sleeplessness.—adj. Insom′nious.—n. Insom′nōlence. [L. insomnis, sleepless.]

Insomuch, in-so-much′, adv. to such a degree: so.

Insooth, in-sōōth′, adv. (Shak.) in truth, indeed.

Insouciant, in-sōō′si-ant, adj. indifferent: careless.—n. Insou′ciance. [Fr. in, not, souciant—souci, care.]

Inspan, in′span, v.t. to yoke (draught-oxen or horses) to a vehicle. [Dut. inspannen, to yoke—in, in, spannen, to tie.]

Inspect, in-spekt′, v.t. to look into: to examine: to look at narrowly: to superintend.—adv. Inspect′ingly.—n. Inspec′tion, the act of inspecting or looking into: careful or official examination.—adjs. Inspec′tional; Inspec′tive.—ns. Inspec′tor, one who looks into or oversees: an examining officer: a superintendent; Inspec′torāte, a district under charge of an inspector: a body of inspectors collectively.—adj. Inspectō′rial.—ns. Inspec′torship, the office of an inspector; Inspec′tress, a female inspector. [L. inspectāre, freq. of inspicĕre, inspectum—in, into, specĕre, to look.]

Insphere. See Ensphere.

Inspire, in-spīr′, v.t. to breathe into: to draw or inhale into the lungs: to infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing: to infuse into the mind: to instruct by divine influence: to instruct or affect with a superior influence.—v.i. to draw in the breath.—adj. Inspir′able, able to be inhaled.—n. Inspirā′tion, the act of inspiring or breathing into: a breath: the divine influence by which the sacred writers of the Bible were instructed: superior elevating or exciting influence.—adjs. Inspirā′tional, Inspiratory (in-spir′a-tor-i, or in′spir-a-tor-i), belonging to or aiding inspiration or inhalation.—n. Inspirā′tionist, one who maintains the direct inspiration of the Scriptures.—adj. Inspired′, actuated or directed by divine influence: influenced by elevated feeling: prompted by superior, but not openly declared, knowledge or authority: actually authoritative.—n. Inspir′er.—adv. Inspir′ingly. [Fr.,—L. inspirāre—in, into, spirāre, to breathe.]

Inspirit, in-spir′it, v.t. to infuse spirit into.

Inspissate, in-spis′āt, v.t. to thicken by the evaporation of moisture, as the juices of plants.—n. Inspissā′tion. [L. in, in, spissāre—spissus, thick.]

Instability, in-sta-bil′i-ti, n. want of steadiness or firmness: inconstancy, fickleness: mutability.—adj. Instā′ble, not stable: inconstant.

Install, Instal, in-stawl′, v.t. to place in a seat: to place in an office or order: to invest with any charge or office with the customary ceremonies.—ns. Installā′tion, the act of installing or placing in an office with ceremonies: a placing in position for use, also a general term for the complete mechanical apparatus for electric lighting, &c.; Instal′ment, the act of installing: one of the parts of a sum paid at various times: that which is produced at stated periods. [Fr.,—Low L. installare—in, in, stallum, a stall—Old High Ger. stal (Ger. stall), Eng. stall.]

Instance, in′stans, n. quality of being urgent: solicitation: occurrence: occasion: example: (Shak.) evidence, proof.—v.t. to mention as an example.—n. In′stancy, insistency.—adj. Instan′tial (rare).—At the instance of, at the motion or solicitation of; For instance, to take as an example. [O. Fr.,—L. instantia—instans.]

Instant, in′stant, adj. pressing, urgent: immediate: quick: without delay: present, current, as the passing month.—n. the present moment of time: any moment or point of time.—n. Instantanē′ity.—adj. Instantān′eous, done in an instant: momentary: occurring or acting at once: very quickly.—adv. Instantān′eously.—n. Instantān′eousness.—advs. Instan′ter, immediately; In′stantly, on the instant or moment: immediately: (Shak.) at the same time: (B.) importunately, zealously. [L. instans, -antis, pr.p. of instāre—in, upon, stāre, to stand.]

Instar, in-stär′, v.t. to adorn with stars.

Instate, in-stāt′, v.t. to put in possession: to install.

Instauration, in-stawr-ā′shun, n. restoration: renewal. [L. instaurāre, -ātum, to restore.]

Instead, in-sted′, adv. in the stead, place, or room of. [M. E. in stede—A.S. on stede, in the place.]

Instellation, in-stel-ā′shun, n. (rare) a placing among the stars.

Instep, in′step, n. the prominent upper part of the human foot near its junction with the leg: in horses, the hind-leg from the ham to the pastern joint.

Instigate, in′sti-gāt, v.t. to urge on: to set on: to foment.—ns. Instigā′tion, the act of inciting: impulse, esp. to evil; In′stigator, an inciter, generally in a bad sense. [L. instigāre, -ātum.]

Instil, in-stil′, v.t. to drop into: to infuse slowly into the mind:—pr.p. instil′ling; pa.p. instilled′.—ns. Instillā′tion, Instil′ment, the act of instilling or pouring in by drops: the act of infusing slowly into the mind: that which is instilled or infused. [Fr.,—L. instillāre—in, in, stillāre, to drop.]

Instinct, in′stingkt, n. impulse: an involuntary prompting to action: intuition: the mental aspect of those actions which take rank between unconscious reflex activities and intelligent conduct: the natural impulse by which animals are guided apparently independent of reason or experience.—adj. (in-stingkt′) instigated or incited: moved: animated.—adj. Instinc′tive, prompted by instinct: involuntary: acting according to or determined by natural impulse.—adv. Instinc′tively.—n. Instinctiv′ity (rare). [L. instinctus—instinguĕre, to instigate.]

Instipulate, in-stip′ū-lāt, adj. (bot.) having no stipules.

Institorial, in-sti-tō′ri-al, adj. (law) pertaining to an agent or factor. [L. institorius—institor, an agent, broker.]

Institute, in′sti-tūt, v.t. to set up in: to erect: to originate: to establish: to appoint: to commence: to educate.—n. anything instituted or formally established: established law: precept or principle: (pl.) a book of precepts, principles, or rules, esp. in jurisprudence: an institution: a literary and philosophical society or association, as the 'Institute of France' (embracing L'Académie Française, L'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, L'Académie des Sciences, L'Académie des Beaux Arts, and L'Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques).—n. Institū′tion, the act of instituting or establishing: that which is instituted or established: foundation: established order: enactment: a society established for some object: that which institutes or instructs: a system of principles or rules: the origination of the Eucharist and the formula of institution: the act by which a bishop commits a cure of souls to a priest.—adjs. Institū′tional, Institū′tionary, belonging to an institution: instituted by authority: elementary.—n. In′stitutist, a writer of institutes or elementary rules.—adj. In′stitutive, able or tending to establish: depending on an institution.—n. In′stitutor, one who institutes: an instructor. [L. instituĕre, -ūtum—in, in, statuĕre, to cause to stand—stāre, to stand.]

Instreaming, in-strēm′ing, n. an influx.

Instruct, in-strukt′, v.t. to prepare: to inform: to teach: to order or command.—adj. (Milt.) instructed.—adj. Instruct′ible, able to be instructed.—n. Instruc′tion, the act of instructing or teaching: information: command: (pl.) special directions, commands—in parliamentary sense, 'Instructions to the Committee' are supplementary and auxiliary to the Bill under consideration, but falling broadly within its general scope.—adjs. Instruc′tional, relating to instruction: educational; Instruc′tive, containing instruction or information: conveying knowledge.—adv. Instruc′tively.—ns. Instruc′tiveness; Instruc′tor:—fem. Instruc′tress. [L. instruĕre, instructum—in, in, struĕre, to pile up.]

Instrument, in′strōō-ment, n. a tool or utensil: a machine producing musical sounds: a writing containing a contract: one who, or that which, is made a means.—adj. Instrument′al, acting as an instrument or means: serving to promote an object: helpful: belonging to or produced by musical instruments: (gram.) serving to indicate the instrument or means—of a case in Sanskrit, involving the notion of by or with.—ns. Instrument′alist, one who plays on a musical instrument; Instrumental′ity, agency.—adv. Instrument′ally.—n. Instrumentā′tion (mus.), the arrangement of a composition for performance by different instruments: the playing upon musical instruments. [O. Fr.,—L. instrumentum—instruĕre, to instruct.]

Insubjection, in-sub-jek′shun, n. want of subjection.

Insubordinate, in-sub-or′din-āt, adj. not subordinate or submissive: disobedient.—n. Insubordinā′tion.

Insubstantial, in-sub-stan′shal, adj. (Shak.) not substantial: not real.—n. Insubstantial′ity.

Insucken, in′suk-n, adj. in Scots law, pertaining to a district astricted to a certain mill.

Insufferable, in-suf′ėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be endured: detestable.—adv. Insuff′erably.

Insufficient, in-suf-fish′ent, adj. not sufficient: deficient: unfit: incapable.—ns. Insuffic′iency, Insuffic′ience (rare).—adv. Insuffic′iently.

Insufflate, in-suf′lāt, v.t. to breathe on.—ns. Insufflā′tion, the art of breathing on anything, or of blowing air to induce respiration, as into the mouth of a newborn child, esp. as a symbol of the outpouring of the Holy Ghost; In′sufflātor, a form of injector for forcing air into a furnace. [Through Low L., from L. in, in, sufflāre, to blow.]

Insular, in′sū-lar, adj. belonging to an island: surrounded by water: standing or situated alone: narrow, prejudiced.—ns. In′sularism, Insular′ity, the state of being insular.—adv. In′sularly.—v.t. In′sulate, to place in a detached situation: to prevent connection or communication: (electricity) to separate, esp. from the earth, by a non-conductor.—ns. Insulā′tion; In′sulator, one who, or that which, insulates: a non-conductor of electricity. [Fr.,—L. insularis—insula, an island.]

Insulse, in-suls′, adj. stupid.—n. Insul′sity (Milt.), stupidity. [L. insulsus—in, not, salīre, to salt.]

Insult, in-sult′, v.t. to treat with indignity or contempt: to abuse: to affront.—n. (in′sult) abuse: affront: contumely.—adjs. Insult′able, capable of being insulted; Insult′ant (rare), insulting.—n. Insult′er (obs.), one who makes an attack.—adj. Insult′ing, conveying insult: insolent: contemptuous.—adv. Insult′ingly, in an insulting or insolent manner.—n. Insult′ment (Shak.), insult. [Fr.,—L. insultāre—insilīre, to spring at—in, upon, salīre, to leap.]

Insuperable, in-sū′pėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be passed over: unconquerable.—n. Insuperabil′ity.—adv. Insū′perably. [O. Fr.,—L.,—in, not, superabilis—superāre, to pass over—super, above.]

Insupportable, in-sup-pōrt′a-bl, adj. not supportable or able to be endured: unbearable: insufferable: (Spens.) irresistible.—n. Insupport′ableness.—adv. Insupport′ably.

Insuppressible, in-sup-pres′i-bl, adj. not to be suppressed or concealed.—adj. Insuppress′ive (Shak.), that cannot be suppressed or concealed.

Insure, in-shōōr′, v.t. to make sure or secure: to contract for a premium to make good a loss, as from fire, &c., or to pay a certain sum on a certain event, as death.—v.i. to practise making insurance.—adj. Insur′able, that may be insured.—ns. Insur′ance, the act of insuring, or a contract by which one party undertakes for a payment or premium to guarantee another against risk or loss—the written contract called the Insur′ance-pol′icy: the premium so paid; Insur′ancer (obs.); Insur′er, one who agrees to pay money to another party on the happening of a certain event. [O. Fr. enseurer—en, and seur, sure.]

Insurgent, in-sur′jent. adj. rising up or against: rising in opposition to authority: rebellious.—n. one who rises in opposition to established authority: a rebel.—n. Insur′gency, a rising up or against: insurrection: rebellion—also Insur′gence. [L. insurgens, -entis—in, upon, surgĕre, to rise.]

Insurmountable, in-sur-mownt′a-bl, adj. not surmountable: that cannot be overcome.—n. Insurmountabil′ity.—adv. Insurmount′ably.

Insurrection, in-sur-rek′shun, n. a rising up or against: open and active opposition to the execution of the law: a rebellion.—adjs. Insurrec′tional, Insurrec′tionary.—n. Insurrec′tionist, one who favours or takes part in an insurrection. [L. insurrection-em—insurgĕre. See Insurgent.]

Insusceptible, in-sus-sep′ti-bl, adj. not susceptible: not capable of feeling or of being affected—also Insuscep′tive.—n. Insusceptibil′ity.

Inswathe, in-swāth′, v.t. See Enswathe.

Intact, in-takt′, adj. untouched, uninjured.—adj. Intact′able, not perceptible to touch.—n. Intact′ness. [L. intactus—in, not, tangĕre, tactum, to touch.]

Intaglio, in-tal′yō, n. a figure cut into any substance: a stone or gem in which the design is hollowed out, the opposite of a cameo.—adj. Intagl′iated, formed in intaglio: engraved. [It.,—intagliare—in, into, tagliare, to cut (twigs)—L. talea, a twig.]

Intake, in′tāk, n. that which is taken in: a tract of land enclosed: the point at which contraction begins: (prov.) any kind of cheat or imposition.

Intangible, in-tan′ji-bl, adj. not tangible or perceptible to touch.—ns. Intan′gibleness, Intangibil′ity.—adv. Intan′gibly. [See Intact.]

Integer, in′te-jėr, n. that which is left untouched or undiminished, a whole: (arith.) a whole number, as opposed to a fraction.—adj. In′tegral, entire or whole: not fractional: unimpaired: intrinsic, belonging as a part to the whole.—n. a whole: the whole as made up of its parts.—adv. In′tegrally.—adj. In′tegrant, making part of a whole: necessary to form an integer or an entire thing.—v.t. In′tegrāte, to make up as a whole: to make entire: to renew.—n. Integrā′tion.—Integral function (algebra), a function which does not include the operation of division in any of its terms (see Function). [L.,—in, not, root of tangĕre, to touch.]

Integrity, in-teg′ri-ti, n. entireness, wholeness: the unimpaired state of anything: uprightness: honesty: purity. [See Integer.]

Integument, in-teg′ū-ment, n. the external protective covering of a plant or animal.—adj. Integument′ary. [L.,—integĕre—in, upon, tegĕre, to cover.]

Intellect, in′tel-lekt, n. the mind, in reference to its rational powers: the thinking principle: (pl., coll.) senses.—adj. In′tellected (Cowper), endowed with intellect.—n. Intellec′tion, the act of understanding: (philos.) apprehension or perception.—adjs. Intellect′ive, able to understand: produced or perceived by the understanding; Intellect′ual, of or relating to the intellect: perceived or performed by the intellect: having the power of understanding.—n. mental power.—v.t. Intellect′ualise, to reason intellectually: to endow with intellect: to give an intellectual character to.—ns. Intellect′ualism, the doctrine which derives all knowledge from pure reason: the culture of the intellect; Intellect′ualist; Intellectual′ity, intellectual power.—adv. Intellect′ually. [Fr.,—L.,—intelligĕre, to understand—inter, between, legĕre, to choose.]

Intelligent, in-tel′-i-jent, adj. having intellect: endowed with the faculty of reason: well informed: bringing intelligence. (Shak.) communicative.—ns. Intell′igence, intellectual skill or knowledge: information communicated: news: a spiritual being; Intell′igencer, one going between parties: a spy.—adjs. Intelligen′tial, pertaining to the intelligence: consisting of spiritual being.—adv. Intell′igently.—adj. Intell′igible, that maybe understood: clear: (philos.) capable of being apprehended by the understanding only.—ns. Intell′igibleness, Intelligibil′ity.—adv. Intell′igibly. [L. intelligens, -entis, pr.p. of intelligĕre.]

Intemperance, in-tem′pėr-ans, n. want of due restraint: excess of any kind: habitual indulgence in intoxicating liquor.—n. Intem′perant, one who is intemperate.—adj. Intem′perate, indulging to excess any appetite or passion: given to an immoderate use of intoxicating liquors: passionate: exceeding the usual degree: immoderate.—adv. Intem′perately.—n. Intem′perateness.

Intenable, in-ten′a-bl, adj. not tenable.

Intend, in-tend′, v.t. to fix the mind upon: to design: to purpose: (Milt.) to extend: (Shak.) to direct.—v.i. to have a design: to purpose.—ns. Intend′ant, an officer who superintends some public business, a title of many public officers in France and other countries; Intend′ancy, his office.—adj. Intend′ed, purposed: betrothed.—n. an affianced lover.—adv. Intend′edly, with intention or design.—ns. Intend′iment (Spens.), attention, knowledge, intention; Intend′ment (Shak.), intention, design. [O. Fr. entendre—L. intendĕre, intentum and intensum—in, towards, tendĕre, to stretch.]

Intenerate, in-ten′e-rāt, v.t. to make tender.—n. Intenerā′tion.

Intense, in-tens′, adj. closely strained: extreme in degree: very severe: emotional.—v.t. Inten′sate (Carlyle), to intensify.—adv. Intense′ly.—ns. Intense′ness, Intens′ity; Intensificā′tion, the act of intensifying.—v.t. Inten′sify, to make more intense.—v.i. to become intense:—pa.p. intens′ified.—n. Inten′sion, a straining or bending: increase of intensity: (logic) the sum of the qualities implied by a general name.—adj. Inten′sive, stretched: admitting of increase of degree: unremitted: serving to intensify: (gram.) giving force or emphasis.—adv. Inten′sively.—n. Inten′siveness. [See Intend.]

Intent, in-tent′, adj. having the mind bent on: fixed with close attention: diligently applied.—n. the thing aimed at or intended: a design: meaning.—n. Inten′tion, a fixing of the mind on any object: fixed direction of mind: the object aimed at: design: purpose.—adjs. Inten′tional, Inten′tioned, with intention: intended: designed.—advs. Inten′tionally, with intention; Intent′ly, in an intent manner.—adj. Inten′tive (Bacon), attentive.—n. Intent′ness.—To all intents and purposes, in every respect.—Well- (or Ill-) intentioned, having good (or ill) designs. [See Intend.]

Inter, in-tėr′, v.t. to bury:—pr.p. inter′ring; pa.p. interred′.—n. Inter′ment. [Fr. enterrer—Low L. interrāre—L. in, into, terra, the earth.]

Interact, in-tėr-akt′, n. a short piece in a play acted between the principal pieces: the interval between the acts of a drama.—v.i. to act on one another.—n. Interac′tion, action between bodies, mutual action.—adj. Interac′tive.

Interaulic, in-tėr-aw′lik, adj. existing between royal courts.

Interbreed, in-tėr-brēd, v.t. and v.i. to breed by crossing one species of animals or plants with another.—n. Interbreed′ing.

Intercalate, in-tėr′kal-āt, v.t. to insert between, as a day in a calendar.—adjs. Inter′calary, Inter′calar, inserted between others.—n. Intercalā′tion.—adj. Inter′calative. [L. intercalāre, -ātum—inter, between, calāre, to call. See Calends.]

Intercede, in-tėr-sēd′, v.i. and v.t. to act as peacemaker between two: to plead for one.—adj. Interced′ent.—n. Interced′er. [Fr.,—L. intercedĕre, -cessum—inter, between, cedĕre, to go.]

Intercellular, in-tėr-sel′ū-lar, adj. lying between cells.

Intercept, in-tėr-sept′, v.t. to stop and seize on its passage: to obstruct, check: to interrupt communication with: to cut off: (math.) to take or comprehend between.—ns. Intercep′ter, Intercep′tor; Intercep′tion.—adj. Intercep′tive. [Fr.,—L. intercipĕre, -ceptum—inter, between, capĕre, to seize.]

Intercerebral, in-tėr-ser′e-bral, adj. connecting two parts of the brain.

Intercession, in-tėr-sesh′un, n. act of interceding or pleading for another.—adj. Intercess′ional, containing intercession or pleading for others.—n. Intercess′or, one who goes between: one who reconciles two enemies: one who pleads for another: a bishop who acts during a vacancy in a see.—adjs. Intercessō′rial, Intercess′ory, interceding.—Intercession of saints, prayer offered in behalf of Christians on earth by saints. [See Intercede.]

Interchain, in-tėr-chān′, v.t. to chain together.

Interchange, in-tėr-chānj′, v.t. to give and take mutually: to exchange.—v.i. to succeed alternately.—n. mutual exchange: alternate succession.—adj. Interchange′able, that may be interchanged: following each other in alternate succession.—ns. Interchange′ableness, Interchangeabil′ity.—adv. Interchange′ably.—ns. Interchange′ment (Shak.), exchange, mutual transfer; Interchang′er.

Intercilium, in-tėr-sil′i-um, n. the space between the eyebrows.

Intercipient, in-tėr-sip′i-ent, adj. intercepting.—n. the person or thing that intercepts. [L. intercipiens, -entis, pr.p. of intercipĕre.]

Interclavicular, in-tėr-klā-vik′ū-lar, adj. situated between clavicles.

Interclude, in-tėr-klōōd′, v.t. to shut out from anything by something coming between: to intercept: to cut off.—n. Interclu′sion. [L. intercludĕre—inter, between, claudĕre, to shut.]

Intercollegiate, in-ter-ko-lē′ji-āt, adj. between colleges.

Intercolline, in-ter-kol′in, adj. lying between hills.

Intercolonial, in-tėr-kol-ō′ni-al, adj. pertaining to the relation existing between colonies.—adv. Intercolō′nially.

Intercolumniation, in-tėr-ko-lum-ni-ā′shun, n. (archit.) the distance between columns, measured from the lower part of their shafts.—adj. Intercolum′nar, placed between columns.

Intercommune, in-tėr-kom-ūn′, v.i. to commune between or together: to hold intercourse.—adj. Intercommun′icable, that may be communicated between or mutually.—v.t. Intercommun′icāte, to communicate between or mutually.—ns. Intercommunicā′tion; Intercommun′ion, communion between, or mutual communion; Intercommun′ity, mutual communication: reciprocal intercourse.—Letters of intercommuning, an ancient writ issued by the Scotch Privy Council warning persons not to harbour or have any communication with persons therein denounced, under pain of being held accessory to their crimes—a special form of boycott.

Intercomparison, in-tėr-kom-par′i-son, n. mutual comparison.

Interconnect, in-tėr-ko-nekt′, v.t. to connect or enjoin mutually and intimately.—n. Interconnec′tion.

Intercontinental, in-tėr-kon-ti-nen′tal, adj. subsisting between different continents.

Intercostal, in-tėr-kost′al, adj. (anat.) lying between the ribs.

Intercourse, in′tėr-kōrs, n. connection by dealings: communication: commerce: communion: coition. [O. Fr. entrecours—L. intercursus, a running between—inter, between, currĕre, cursum, to run.]

Intercross, in-tėr-kros′, v.t. and v.i. to cross mutually: interbreed.

Intercurrent, in-tėr-kur′ent, adj. running between: intervening.—n. Intercurr′ence. [O. Fr.,—L. inter, between, currĕre, to run.]

Interdash, in-tėr-dash′, v.t. to intersperse.

Interdeal, in′tėr-dēl, n. (Spens.) intercourse, traffic.

Interdependence, in-tėr-de-pend-ens, n. mutual dependence: dependence of parts one on another.—adj. Interdepend′ent.

Interdict, in-tėr-dikt′, v.t. to. prohibit: to forbid: to forbid communion.—n. (in′tėr-dikt) prohibition: a prohibitory decree: a prohibition of the Pope restraining the clergy from performing divine service.—n. Interdic′tion.—adjs. Interdic′tive, Interdic′tory, containing interdiction: prohibitory. [L. interdicĕre, -dictum—inter, between, dicĕre, to say.]

Interdigital, in-tėr-dij′i-tal, adj. situated between digits.—v.t. Interdig′itate, to insert between the fingers.—v.i. to be interwoven, to interlock by finger-like processes.—n. Interdigitā′tion.

Interest, in′tėr-est, n. advantage: premium paid for the use of money (in Compound interest, the interest of each period is added to its principal, and the amount forms a new principal for the next period): any increase: concern: special attention: influence over others: share: participation.—n. (Spens.) In′teress, interest, concern.—v.t. to concern deeply.—Equitable interest, such interest as is protected by courts of equity, although it might not be at common law; Landed interest (see Landed); Vested interest, an interest thoroughly secure and inalienable, except for public use and upon compensation.—Make interest for, to secure interest on behalf of. [O. Fr. interest (Fr. intérêt)—L. interest, it is profitable, it concerns—inter, between, esse, to be.]

Interest, in′tėr-est, v.t. to engage the attention: to awaken concern in: to excite (in behalf of another).—adj. In′terested, having an interest or concern: affected or biassed by personal considerations, self-interest, &c.—adv. In′terestedly.—n. In′terestedness.—adj. In′teresting, engaging the attention or regard: exciting emotion or passion.—adv. In′terestingly.—n. In′terestingness.—In an interesting condition, in the family way. [From obs. interess—O. Fr. interesser, to concern—L. interesse.]

Interfacial, in-tėr-fā′shal, adj. (geom.) included between two plane faces or surfaces.—n. Interface′, a plane surface regarded as the common boundary of two bodies.

Interfemoral, in-tėr-fem′o-ral, adj. situated between the thighs, connecting the hind limbs.

Interfere, in-tėr-fēr′, v.i. to come in collision: to intermeddle: to interpose: to act reciprocally—said of waves, rays of light, &c.—ns. Interfer′ence; Interfer′er.—adv. Interfer′ingly. [Through O. Fr., from L. inter, between, ferīre, to strike.]

Interfluent, in-tėr′flōō-ent, adj. flowing between or together—also Inter′fluous. [L. interfluens—inter, between, fluĕre, to flow.]

Interfold, in-tėr-fold′, v.t. to fold one into the other.

Interfoliaceous, in-tėr-fō-li-ā′shus, adj. placed between leaves.—v.t. Interfō′liate, to interleave.

Interfretted, in-tėr-fret′ed, adj. fretted between, or interlaced.

Interfrontal, in-tėr-fron′tal, adj. situated between the right and left frontal bones.

Interfused, in-tėr-fūzd′, adj. poured between: fused together: associated.—n. Interfū′sion.

Interglacial, in-tėr-glā′shi-al, adj. (geol.) occurring between two periods of glacial action.

Interglandular, in-tėr-glan′dū-lar, adj. situated between glands.

Interglobular, in-tėr-glob′ū-lar, adj. situated between globules.

Intergrade, in-tėr-grād′, v.i. to become alike gradually.—n. In′tergrade, an intermediate grade.

Intergrowth, in′tėr-grōth, n. a growing together.

Interhemal, in-tėr-hē′mal, adj. between the hemal processes or spines.

Interim, in′tėr-im, n. time between or intervening: the meantime: in the history of the Reformation, the name given to certain edicts of the German emperor for the regulation of religious and ecclesiastical matters, till they could be decided by a general council—as the Augsburg Interim (1548), &c. [L.,—inter, between.]

Interior, in-tē′ri-ur, adj. inner: remote from the frontier or coast: inland.—n. the inside of anything: the inland part of a country.—n. Interior′ity.—adv. Intē′riorly. [L.,—comp. of interus, inward.]

Interjacent, in-tėr-jā′sent, adj. lying between: intervening.—n. Interjā′cency, a lying between: a space or region between others. [L. inter, between, jacēre, to lie.]

Interjaculate, in-tėr-jak′ū-lāt, v.i. to interrupt conversation with an ejaculation.

Interject, in-tėr-jekt′, v.t. to throw between: to insert.—v.i. to throw one's self between.—n. Interjec′tion, a throwing between: (gram.) a word thrown in to express emotion.—adjs. Interjec′tional, Interjec′tionary, Interjec′tural.—adv. Interjec′tionally. [L. inter, between, jacĕre, to throw.]

Interjoin, in-tėr-join′, v.t. (Shak.) to join mutually, to intermarry.

Interknit, in-tėr-nit′, v.t. to unite closely.

Interlace, in-tėr-lās′, v.t. to lace together: to unite: to insert one thing within another.—v.i. to intermix.—n. Interlace′ment.—Interlacing arches (archit.), an arcature in which the arches intersect.

Interlard, in-tėr-lärd′, v.t. to mix in, as fat with lean: to diversify by mixture.

Interleave, in-tėr-lēv′, v.t. to put a leaf between: to insert blank leaves in a book.

Interline, in-tėr-līn′, v.t. to write in alternate lines: to write between lines.—adj. Interlin′ear, written between lines.—ns. Interlineā′tion, Interlīn′ing, act of interlining: that which is interlined: correction or alteration made by writing between lines.

Interlink, in-tėr-lingk′, v.t. to connect by uniting links.

Interlobular, in-tėr-lob′ū-lar, adj. being between lobes.

Interlocation, in-tėr-lo-kā′shun, n. a placing between.

Interlock, in-tėr-lok′, v.t. to lock or clasp together.—v.i. to be locked together.

Interlocution, in-tėr-lo-kū′shun, n. conference: an intermediate decree before final decision.—n. Interloc′utor, one who speaks between or in dialogue (fem. Interloc′utress, Interloc′utrice): (Scots law) an intermediate decree before final decision.—adj. Interloc′utory. [Fr.,—L. interlocutio, from interloqui—inter, between, loqui, locutus, to speak.]

Interloper, in-tėr-lōp′ėr, n. one who trades without license: an intruder.—v.i. and v.t. Interlope′, to intrude into any matter in which one has no fair concern. [Dut. enterlooper, a smuggling vessel, as running in and out along the coast—L. inter, between, Dut. loopen, to run. See Leap.]

Interlude, in′tėr-lōōd, n. a short dramatic performance or play between the play and afterpiece, or between the acts of a play: a short piece of music played between the parts of a drama, opera, hymn, &c.—adj. Interlud′ed, inserted as an interlude: having interludes. [From L. inter, between, ludus, play.]

Interlunar, in-tėr-lōō′nar, adj. belonging to the moon's monthly period of invisibility.—Also Interlu′nary.

Intermarry, in-tėr-mar′i, v.i. to marry between or among: to marry reciprocally, or take one and give another in marriage.—n. Intermarr′iage.

Intermaxillary, in-tėr-maks′il-ar-i, adj. situated between the jawbones.

Intermeddle, in-tėr-med′l, v.i. to meddle with: to interfere improperly.—n. Intermedd′ler.

Intermediate, in-tėr-mē′di-āt, adj. in the middle between: intervening—also Intermē′diary, Intermē′dial.—ns. Intermē′diacy, state of being intermediate; Intermē′diary, an intermediate agent.—adv. Intermē′diately.—n. Intermediā′tion, act of intermediating; Intermē′dium, a medium between: an intervening agent or instrument.

Interment, in-tėr′ment, n. burial.

Intermezzo, in-tėr-med′zō, n. a light dramatic entertainment between the acts of a tragedy, grand opera, &c.: a short musical burlesque, &c. [It.]

Intermigration, in-tėr-mī-grā′shun, n. reciprocal migration.

Interminable, in-tėr′min-a-bl, Interminate, in-tėr′min-āt, adj. without termination or limit: boundless: endless.—n. Inter′minableness.—adv. Inter′minably.—Interminate decimal, a decimal conceived as carried to an infinity of places.

Intermingle, in-tėr-ming′gl, v.t. and v.i. to mingle or mix together.

Intermit, in-tėr-mit′, v.t. to cause to cease for a time: to interrupt.—n. Intermiss′ion, act of intermitting: interval: pause.—adj. Intermiss′ive, coming at intervals.—ns. Intermit′tence, Intermit′tency, state of being intermittent.—adj. Intermit′tent, intermitting or ceasing at intervals, as a fever.—adv. Intermit′tingly.—Intermittent, or Intermitting, spring, a spring flowing for a time and then ceasing, beginning again, &c. [L. intermittĕre, -missum—inter, between, mittĕre, to cause to go.]

Intermix, in-tėr-miks′, v.t. and v.i. to mix among or together.—n. Intermix′ture, a mass formed by mixture: something intermixed.

Intermobility, in-tėr-mo-bil′i-ti, n. capacity of things to move among themselves.

Intermundane, in-tėr-mun′dān, adj. between worlds.

Intermural, in-tėr-mū′ral, adj. lying between walls.

Intermuscular, in-tėr-mus′kū-lar, adj. between the muscles.

Intermutation, in-tėr-mū-tā′shun, n. mutual change.

Intern, in-tėrn′, adj. internal.—n. an inmate of a school, an assistant surgeon or physician in a hospital.—Also Interne′.

Intern, in-tėrn′, v.t. to send into the interior of a country: to immure in an interior locality without permission to leave the district.—n. Intern′ment, state of being confined in the interior of a country. [Fr. interner. See Internal.]

Internal, in-tėr′nal, adj. being in the interior: domestic, as opposed to foreign: intrinsic: pertaining to the heart:—opp. to External.—n. Internal′ity.—adv. Inter′nally.—Internal evidence, evidence with regard to a thing, subject, book, &c. afforded by its intrinsic qualities. [L. internus—-inter, within.]

International, in-tėr-nash′un-al, adj. pertaining to the relations between nations.—n. a short-lived association formed in London in 1864 to unite the working classes of all countries in efforts for their economic emancipation.—adv. Internat′ionally.

Internecine, in-tėr-nē′sīn, adj. mutually destructive: deadly.—Also Internē′cive. [L. internecāre—inter, between, necāre, to kill.]

Interneural, in-tėr-nū′ral, adj. (anat.) situated between the neural spines or spinous processes of successive vertebræ.

Internode, in′tėr-nōd, n. (bot.) the space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves arise.—adj. Internō′dial. [L. internodium—inter, between, nodus, a knot.]

Internuncio, in-tėr-nun′shi-ō, n. a messenger between two parties: the Pope's representative at minor courts.—adj. Internun′cial. [Sp.,—L. internuntius—inter, between, nuntius, a messenger.]

Interoceanic, in-tėr-ō-she-an′ik, adj. between oceans.

Interocular, in-tėr-ok′ū-lar, adj. between the eyes.

Interorbital, in-tėr-or′bi-tal, adj. situated between the orbits of the eyes.

Interosculation, in-tėr-os′kū-lā-shun, n. interconnection by, or as if by, osculation.—adj. Interos′culant.—v.t. Interos′culāte.

Interosseous, in-tėr-os′e-us, adj. situated between bones.—Also Inteross′eal.

Interpage, in-tėr-pāj′, v.t. to insert on intermediate pages.

Interparietal, in-tėr-pa-rī′e-tal, adj. situated between the right and left parietal bones of the skull.

Interpellation, in-tėr-pel-ā′shun, n. a question raised during the course of a debate: interruption: intercession: a summons: an earnest address.—v.t. Inter′pellate, to question. [Fr.,—L.,—interpellāre, -ātum, to disturb by speaking—inter, between, pellĕre, to drive.]

Interpenetrate, in-tėr-pen′e-trāt, v.t. to penetrate between or within.—n. Interpenetrā′tion.

Interpetiolar, in-tėr-pet′i-ō-lar, adj. (bot.) between the petioles.

Interphalangeal, in-tėr-fa-lan′jē-al, adj. situated between any successive phalanges of a finger or toe: nodal, of a digit.

Interpilaster, in-tėr-pi-las′tėr, n. (archit.) space between two pilasters.

Interplanetary, in-tėr-plan′et-ar-i, adj. between the planets.

Interplay, in′tėr-plā, n. mutual action: interchange of action and reaction.

Interplead, in-tėr-plēd′, v.i. (law) to discuss adverse claims to property by bill of interpleader.—n. Interplead′er, one who interpleads: a form of process in the English courts, by a bill in equity, intended to protect a defendant who claims no interest in the subject-matter of a suit, while at the same time he has reason to know that the plaintiff's title is disputed by some other claimant.

Interpledge, in-tėr-plej′, v.t. to pledge mutually: to give and take a pledge.

Intrepleural, in-tėr-plōō′ral, adj. situated between the right and left pleural cavities.

Interpolar, in-tėr-pō′lar, adj. situated between or connecting the poles, as of a galvanic battery.

Interpolate, in-tėr′po-lāt, v.t. to insert unfairly, as a spurious word or passage in a book or manuscript, to foist in: to corrupt: (math.) to fill up the intermediate terms of a series.—adj. Inter′polable.—ns. Interpolā′tion; Inter′polator. [L. interpolāre, -ātum—inter, between, polīre, to polish.]

Interpolity, in-tėr-pol′i-ti, n. (rare) interchange between countries.

Interpose, in-tėr-pōz′, v.t. to place between: to thrust in: to offer, as aid or services.—v.i. to come between: to mediate: to put in by way of interruption: to interfere.—ns. Interpos′al, same as Interposition; Interpos′er; Interpos′it, a place of deposit between two cities or countries; Interposi′tion, act of interposing: intervention: anything interposed. [Fr.,—L. inter, between, Fr. poser, to place.]

Interpret, in-tėr′pret, v.t. to explain the meaning of, to elucidate, unfold, show the purport of: to translate into intelligible or familiar terms.—v.i. to practise interpretation.—adj. Inter′pretable, capable of being explained.—n. Interpretā′tion, act of interpreting: the sense given by an interpreter: the power of explaining: the representation of a dramatic part according to one's conception of it.—adj. Interpretā′tive, collected by or containing interpretation.—adv. Inter′pretātively.—n. Inter′preter, one who explains between two parties: an expounder: a translator. [Fr.,—L. interprerāri, -ātus—interpres, inter, between, -pres, prob. conn. with Gr. phrasis, speech.]

Interprovincial, in-tėr-prō-vin′shal, adj. existing between provinces.

Interpubic, in-tėr-pū′bik, adj. situated between the right and left pubic bones.

Interpunction, in-tėr-pungk′shun, n. the places of points or stops in writing, intermediate punctuation.—Also Interpunctuā′tion.

Interracial, in-tėr-rā′si-al, adj. existing or taking place between races.

Interrradial, in-tėr-rā′di-al, adj. situated between the radii or rays.—adv. Interrā′dially.—n. Interrā′dius, an interradial part, esp. of a hydrozoan.

Interramal, in-tėr-rā′mal, adj. situated between the rami or forks of the lower jaw.

Interregal, in-tėr-rē′gal, adj. existing between kings.

Interregnum, in-tėr-reg′num, n. the time between two reigns: the time between the cessation of one and the establishment of another government: any breach of continuity in order, &c.—n. In′terreign (Bacon). [L. inter, between, regnum, rule.]

Interrelation, in-tėr-rē-lā′shun, n. reciprocal relation, interconnection.—-n. Interrelā′tionship.

Interrex, in′tėr-reks, n. one who rules during an interregnum: a regent. [L. inter, between, rex, a king.]

Interrogate, in-tėr′o-gāt, v.t. to question: to examine by asking questions.—v.i. to ask questions: to inquire.—n. Interrogā′tion, act of interrogating: a question put: the mark placed after a question (?).—adj. Interrog′ative, denoting a question: expressed as a question.—n. a word used in asking a question.—adv. Interrog′atively.—ns. Interr′ogator; Interrog′atory, a question or inquiry.—adj. expressing a question. [L. interrogāre, -ātum—inter, between, rogāre, to ask.]

Interrupt, in-tėr-rupt′, v.t. to break in between: to stop or hinder by breaking in upon: to divide: to break continuity.—adj. (Milt.) gaping apart.—adv. Interrup′tedly, with interruptions.—ns. Interrup′ter, Interrup′tor; Interrup′tion, act of interrupting: hinderance: cessation.—adj. Interrup′tive, tending to interrupt.—adv. Interrup′tively. [L. interrumpĕre—inter, between, rumpĕre, ruptum, to break.]

Interscapular, in-tėr-ska′pū-lar, adj. (anat.) between the shoulder-blades.

Interscribe, in-tėr-skrīb′, v.t. to write between. [L. interscribĕre—inter, between, scribĕre, to write.]

Intersecant, in-tėr-sē′kant, adj. dividing into parts: crossing.

Intersect, in-tėr-sekt′, v.t. to cut between or asunder: to cut or cross mutually: to divide into parts.—v.i. to cross each other.—n. Intersec′tion, intersecting: (geom.) the point or line in which two lines or two planes cut each other.—adj. Intersec′tional. [L. inter, between, secāre, sectum, to cut.]

Intersegmental, in-tėr-seg′men-tal, adj. pertaining to two or more segments, situated between segments.

Interseptal, in-tėr-sep′tal, adj. situated between septa.

Intersidereal, in-tėr-sī-dē′re-al, adj. situated between or among the stars.

Intersocial, in-tėr-sō′shal, adj. having mutual social relations.

Intersonant, in-tėr′sō-nant, adj. sounding between.

Interspace, in′tėr-spās, n. a space between objects, an interval.—v.t. to occupy the space between.—adj. Interspā′tial.—adv. Interspā′tially.

Interspecific, in-tėr-spē-sif′ik, adj. existing between species.

Intersperse, in-tėr-spėrs′, v.t. to scatter or set here and there.—n. Intersper′sion. [L. interspergĕre, -spersum—inter, among, spargĕre, to scatter.]

Interspinous, in-tėr-spī′nus, adj. situated between spines.—Also Interspī′nal.

Interstate, in′tėr-stāt, adj. existing between different states or persons therein.

Interstellar, in-tėr-stel′ar, adj. situated beyond the solar system or among the stars: in the intervals between the stars.—Also Interstell′ary. [L. inter, between, stella, a star.]

Interstice, in′tėr-stis, or in-tėr′stis, n. a small space between things closely set, or between the parts which compose a body.—adj. Interstit′ial. [Fr.,—L.,—inter, between, sistĕre, stitum, to stand.]

Interstratification, in-tėr-strat-i-fi-kā′shun, n. the state of lying between other strata.—adj. Interstrat′ified, stratified between other bodies.—v.i. Interstrat′ify.

Interstrial, in-tėr-strī′al, adj. situated between striæ.

Intertangle, in-tėr-tang′gl, v.t, to intertwist.

Intertarsal, in-tėr-tär′sal, adj. between tarsal bones.

Intertentacular, in-tėr-ten-tak′ū-lar, adj. situated between tentacles.

Intertergal, in-tėr-tėr′gal, adj. situated between the terga or tergites of an arthropod.

Interterritorial, in-tėr-ter-ri-tō′ri-al, adj. between territories or their inhabitants.

Intertexture, in-tėr-teks′tūr, n. a being interwoven.

Intertidal, in-tėr-tī′dal, adj. living between low-water and high-water mark.

Intertie, in′tėr-tī, n. (archit.) in roofing, &c., a short timber binding together upright posts.

Intertissue, in-tėr-tish′ū, v.t. (Shak.) to interweave.

Intertraffic, in-tėr-traf′ik, n. traffic between two or more persons or places.

Intertransverse, in-tėr-trans′vėrs, adj. between the transverse processes of successive vertebræ.

Intertribal, in-tėr-trī′bal, adj. existing or taking place between tribes.

Intertrigo, in-tėr-trī′gō, n. an inflammation of the skin from chafing or rubbing. [L. inter, between, terĕre, tritum, to rub.]

Intertropical, in-tėr-trop′ik-al, adj. between the tropics.

Intertwine, in-tėr-twīn′, v.t. to twine or twist together.—v.i. to be twisted together: to become mutually involved.—adv. Intertwīn′ingly.

Intertwist, in-tėr-twist′, v.t. to twist together.—adv. Intertwist′ingly.

Interunion, in-tėr-ūn′yun, n. an interblending.

Interval, in′tėr-val, n. time or space between: any dividing tract in space or time: (mus.) the difference of pitch between any two musical tones.—n. In′tervāle (U.S.), a level tract along a river.—adj. Interval′lic—n. Interval′lum, an interval. [Fr.,—L. intervallum—inter, between, vallum, a rampart.]

Interveined, in-tėr-vānd′, adj. (Milt.) intersected, as with veins.

Intervene, in-tėr-vēn′, v.i. to come or be between: to occur between points of time: to happen so as to interrupt: to interpose.—v.t. (rare) to separate.—adj. Interven′ient, being or passing between: intervening.—ns. Interven′tion, intervening: interference: mediation: interposition; Interven′tionist, one who advocates interference with the course of disease rather than leaving it to nature; Interven′tor, a mediator in ecclesiastical controversies: (U.S.) a mine-inspector. [Fr.,—L. inter, between, venīre, to come.]

Interventricular, in-tėr-ven-trik′ū-lar, adj. situated between ventricles, as those of the heart or brain.

Intervertebral, in-tėr-vėr′te-bral, adj. situated between two successive vertebræ.

Interview, in′tėr-vū, n. a mutual view or sight: a meeting: a conference: a visit to a notable or notorious person with a view to publishing a report of his conversation—v.t. to visit with this purpose.—n. In′terviewer, one who visits another for this purpose. [O. Fr. entrevue—entre, between, voir, to see.]

Intervisible, in-tėr-viz′i-bl, adj. mutually visible.

Intervital, in-tėr-vī′tal, adj. between lives, between death and resurrection.

Intervocalic, in-tėr-vō-kal′ik, adj. between vowels.

Intervolve, in-tėr-volv′, v.t. to involve or comprise one within another. [L. inter, within, volvĕre, to roll.]

Interweave, in-tėr-wēv′, v.t. to weave together: to intermingle.

Interwork, in-tėr-wurk′, v.i. to work together: to work intermediately.—p.adj. Interwrought′.

Intestate, in-tes′tāt, adj. dying without having made a valid will: not disposed of by will.—n. a person who dies without making a valid will.—adj. Intes′table, legally unqualified to make a will.—n. Intes′tacy, the state of one dying without having made a valid will. [L. intestātus—in, not, testāri, -atus, to make a will.]

Intestine, in-tes′tin, adj. internal: contained in the animal body: domestic: not foreign.—n.pl. a part of the digestive system, divided into the smaller intestine (comprising duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and the greater intestine.—adj. Intes′tinal, pertaining to the intestines of an animal body. [Fr.,—L. intestinus—intus, within.]

Inthral. See Enthral.

Intil, in-til′, prep. (Shak.) into, in, unto.

Intimate, in′ti-māt, adj. innermost: internal: close: closely acquainted: familiar.—n. a familiar friend: an associate.—v.t. to hint: to announce.—n. In′timacy, state of being intimate: close familiarity.—adv. In′timately.—n. Intimā′tion, obscure notice: hint: announcement. [L. intimāre, ātum—intimus, innermost—intus, within.]

Intimidate, in-tim′i-dāt, v.t. to make timid or fearful: to dispirit.—n. Intimidā′tion, act of intimidating: use of violence or threats to influence the conduct or compel the consent of another: state of being intimidated.—adj. Intim′idatory.

Intinction, in-tingk′shun, n. an Eastern mode of administering both elements of communion at once by dipping the bread into the wine, usually by the cochlear or eucharistic spoon. [Low L.,—L. intingĕre, intinctum, to dip in.]

Intitule, in-tit′ūl, same as Entitle.—Intituled, intit′ūld, same as Entitled.

Into, in′tōō, prep. noting passage inwards: noting the passage of a thing from one state to another: (B.) often used for unto.

Intoed, in-tōd′, adj. having the toes more or less turned inwards.

Intolerable, in-tol′ėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be endured.—n. Intol′erableness.—adv. Intol′erably.—ns. Intol′erance, Intolerā′tion.—adj. Intol′erant, not able or willing to endure: not enduring difference of opinion: persecuting.—n. one opposed to toleration.—adv. Intol′erantly.

Intomb, in-tōōm′. Same as Entomb.

Intonate, in′ton-āt, v.i. to sound forth: to sound the notes of a musical scale: to modulate the voice.—n. Intonā′tion, act or manner of sounding musical notes: modulation of the voice: the opening phrase of any plain-song melody, sung usually either by the officiating priest alone, or by one or more selected choristers. [Low L. intonāre, -ātum—L. in tonum, according to tone.]

Intone, in-tōn′, v.i. to utter in tones: to give forth a low protracted sound.—v.t. to chant: to read (the church service) in a singing, recitative manner.—n. Intōn′ing, a modern popular term for the utterance in musical recitative of the versicles, responses, collects, &c. of the Anglican liturgy.

Intorsion, Intortion, in-tor′shun, n. a twisting, winding, or bending.—v.t. Intort′, to twist.

Intoxicate, in-toks′i-kāt, v.t. to make drunk: to excite to enthusiasm or madness.—n. Intox′icant, an intoxicating liquor.—p.adj. Intox′icāting, producing intoxication: inebriating.—n. Intoxic′ātion, state of being drunk: high excitement or elation. [Low L. intoxicāre, -ātum—toxicum—Gr. toxikon, a poison in which arrows were dipped—toxon, an arrow.]

Intra, in′tra, adv. prefix, within, as in In′tra-abdom′inal, situated within the cavity of the abdomen; In′tra-artē′rial, existing within an artery; In′tra-cap′sular, lying within a capsule; In′tra-car′diac, within the heart; In′tra-cell′ular, inside a cell; In′tra-pariē′tal, within walls, private: situated in the parietal lobe of the brain; In′tra-territō′rial, existing within a territory; In′tra-trop′ical, situated within the tropics; In′tra-ur′ban, within a city.

Intractable, in-trakt′a-bl, adj. unmanageable: obstinate.—ns. Intractabil′ity, Intract′ableness.—adv. Intract′ably.

Intrados, in-trā′dos, n. (archit.) the interior or lower line or surface of an arch or vault:—opp. to Extrados, the exterior or upper curve. [Fr.,—L. intra, within, dorsum, the back.]

Intramundane, in-tra-mun′dān, adj. within the world.

Intramural, in-tra-mū′ral, adj. within the walls.

Intransigent, in-tran′si-jent, adj. refusing to come to any understanding, irreconcilable.—ns. Intran′sigentism, the political practice or principles of such; Intran′sigentist, one who practises such a method of opposition, esp. a member of a revolutionary party in Spain about 1873, and of a socialistic party in France. [Fr. intransigeant—Sp. intransigente—L. in, not, transigens, pr.p. of transigĕre, to transact.]

Intransitive, in-tran′si-tiv, adj. not passing over or indicating passing over: (gram.) representing action confined to the agent.—adv. Intran′sitively.

Intransmissible, in-trans-mis′i-bl, adj. that cannot be transmitted.

Intransmutable, in-trans-mūt′a-bl, adj. that cannot be changed into another substance.—n. Intransmutabil′ity.

Intrant, in′trant, adj. entering: penetrating.—n. one who enters, esp. on some public duty. [L. intrans, -antis—intrāre, to enter.]

Intreasure, in-trezh′ūr, v.t. to lay up securely.

Intreat, in-trēt′, v.t. (Spens.) same as Entreat.—adj. Intreat′ful (Spens.), full of entreaty.

Intrench, Intrenchment. See Entrench.

Intrenchant, in-trensh′ant, adj. (Shak.) not to be cut or wounded, indivisible.

Intrepid, in-trep′id, adj. without trepidation or fear: undaunted: brave.—n. Intrepid′ity, firm, unshaken courage.—adv. Intrep′idly. [L. intrepidus—in, not, trepidus, alarmed.]

Intricate, in′tri-kāt, adj. involved: entangled: perplexed.—ns. In′tricacy, In′tricateness.—adv. In′tricately. [L. intricātus—in, in, tricāre, to make difficulties—tricæ, hinderances.]

Intrigue, in-trēg′, n. a complex plot: a private or party scheme: the plot of a play or romance: secret illicit love.—v.i. to form a plot or scheme: to carry on illicit love:—pr.p. intrigu′ing; pa.p. intrigued′.—ns. In′trigant, Intrig′uer, one who intrigues, or pursues an object by secret artifices. [Fr. intriguer—intricāre. See Intricate.]

Intrinse, in-trins′, adj. (Shak.) intricate.

Intrinsic, -al, in-trin′sik, -al, p.adj. inward: genuine: inherent: essential, belonging to the point at issue: (anat.) applied to those muscles of the limbs entirely contained within the anatomical limits of the limb.—n. Intrinsical′ity.—adv. Intrin′sically.—n. Intrin′sicalness, the quality of being intrinsical: genuineness. [Fr.,—L. intrinsecus—intra, within, secus, following.]

Intrinsicate, in-trins′i-kāt, adj. (Shak.) intricate.

Introcession, in-tro-sesh′un, n. (med.) a sinking of any part inwards: depression. [L. intro, inwardly, cedĕre, cessum, to go.]

Introduce, in-tro-dūs′, v.t. to lead or bring in: to conduct into a place: formally to make known or acquainted: to bring into notice or practice: to commence: to preface.—n. Introduc′tion, act of conducting into: act of making persons known to each other: act of bringing into notice or practice: preliminary matter to the main thoughts of a book: (mus.) a kind of preface or prelude to a following movement: a treatise introductory to a science or course of study.—adjs. Introduc′tory, Introduc′tive, serving to introduce: preliminary: prefatory.—adv. Introduc′torily. [L. introducĕre, -ductum—intro, within, ducĕre, to lead.]

Introit, in-trō′it, n. an anthem sung at the beginning of the mass, immediately after the Confiteor, and when the priest has ascended to the altar. [L. introitus—introīre—intro, within, īre, itum, to go.]

Intromit, in-tro-mit′, v.t. to send within: to admit: to permit to enter.—v.i. to interfere with the effects of another:—pr.p. intromit′ting; pa.p. intromit′ted.—ns. Intromiss′ion, sending within or into: (Scots law) the assumption of authority to deal with another's property—legal, where the party is expressly or impliedly authorised, either by judgment or deed, to interfere, as by drawing the rents or getting in debts—vicious, where an heir or next of kin, without any authority, interferes with a deceased person's estate; Intromit′ter, one who intromits. [L. intro, within, mittĕre, missum, to send.]

Introrse, in-trors′, adj. turned or facing inward.—adv. Introrse′ly. [L. introrsus, toward the middle.]

Introspect, in-tro-spekt′, v.t. to look into anything.—v.i. to practise introspection.—ns. Introspec′tion, a sight of the inside or interior: the act of directly observing the processes of one's own mind, self-examination; Introspec′tionist.—adj. Introspec′tive. [L. intro, within, specĕre, to see.]

Introsusception, in-tro-su-sep′shun, n. the act of taking in, as nourishment. [L. intro, within, susception-em, suscipĕre.]

Introvert, in-tro-vėrt′, v.t. to turn inward.—n. anything introverted.—n. Introver′sion.—adj. Introver′sive. [L. intro, within, vertĕre, to turn.]

Intrude, in-trōōd′, v.i. to thrust one's self in: to enter uninvited or unwelcome.—v.t. to force in.—ns. Intrud′er; Intru′sion, act of intruding or of entering into a place without welcome or invitation: encroachment: a pushing in, an abnormal irruption, esp. in geology, of such rocks as have come up from below into another rock or series of beds; Intru′sionist, one who intrudes, esp. one of those who, before the Scotch Disruption of 1843, refused a parish the right of objecting to the settlement of an obnoxious minister by a patron:—opp. to Non-intrusionist.—adj. Intru′sive, tending or apt to intrude: entering without welcome or right.—adv. Intru′sively.—n. Intru′siveness. [L. in, in, trudĕre, trusum, to thrust.]

Intrust. See Entrust.

Intuition, in-tū-ish′un, n. the power of the mind by which it immediately perceives the truth of things without reasoning or analysis: a truth so perceived, immediate knowledge in contrast with mediate.—v.t. and v.i. In′tuit, to know intuitively.—adj. Intuit′ional.—ns. Intuit′ionalism, the doctrine that the perception of truth is by intuition; Intuit′ionalist.—adj. Intū′itive, perceived or perceiving by intuition: received or known by simple inspection.—adv. Intū′itively.—n. Intū′itivism. [L. in, into or upon, tuēri, tuitus, to look.]

Intumescence, in-tū-mes′ens, n. the action of swelling: a swelling: a tumid state.—v.i. Intumesce′, to swell up. [Fr.,—L. in, in, tumēre, to swell.]

Inturbidate, in-tur′bi-dāt, v.t. to render turbid. [L. in, in, turbidāre, -ātum, to trouble.]

Intuse, in′tūs, n. (Spens.) a bruise. [L. in, in, tundĕre, tusum, to bruise.]

Intussusception, in-tus-su-sep′shun, n. the partial displacement of the bowel in which one portion of it passes into the portion immediately adjacent to it—also called Invagination.—v.t. In′tussuscept, to take into the interior.—adjs. Intussuscep′ted; Intussuscep′tive. [L. intus, within, susception-em—suscipĕre, to take up.]

Intwine, in-twīn′. Same as Entwine.

Intwist, in-twist′. Same as Entwist.

Inulin, in′ū-lin, n. a starch-like product used in medicine, obtained principally from the roots of the plant Inula or Elecampane. [Prob. Gr. helenion.]

Inumbrate, in-um′brāt, v.t. to cast a shadow upon: to shade. [L. inumbrāre, -ātum—in, in, umbrāre, to shade—umbra, a shadow.]

Inunction, in-ungk′shun, n. the act of anointing, the process of rubbing into the skin, as an ointment or liniment.—n. Inunctuos′ity, absence of oiliness.

Inundate, in-un′dāt, or in′-, v.t. to flow upon or over in waves (said of water): to flood: to fill with an overflowing abundance.—adj. Inun′dant, overflowing.—n. Inundā′tion, act of inundating: a flood: an overflowing. [L.,—inundāre, -ātum—in, in, undāre, to rise in waves—unda, a wave.]

Inurbane, in-ur-bān′, adj. not urbane, unpolished.—adv. Inurbane′ly.—n. Inurban′ity.

Inure, in-ūr′, v.t. to use or practise habitually: to accustom: to harden.—v.i. (law) to come into use or effect: to serve to the use or benefit of.—n. Inure′ment, act of inuring: practice. [From in and ure—O. Fr. eure (Fr. œuvre, work)—L. opera, work; the same word ure is found in manure (q.v.).]

Inurn, in-urn′, v.t. to place in an urn: to entomb.

Inusitation, in-ū-zi-tā′shun, n. (obs.) disuse.

Inutility, in-ū-til′i-ti, n. want of utility: uselessness: unprofitableness: something useless.

Inutterable, in-ut′ėr-a-bl, adj. not to be uttered.

Invade, in-vād′, v.t. to enter a country as an enemy: to attack: to encroach upon: to violate: to seize or fall upon.—ns. Invad′er; Invā′sion, the act of invading: an attack: an incursion: an attack on the rights of another: an encroachment: a violation.—adj. Invā′sive, making invasion: aggressive: infringing another's rights. [Fr.,—L. invadĕre, invasum—in, in, vadĕre, to go.]

Invagination, in-vaj-i-nā′shun, n. intussusception. [L. in, not, vagina, a sheath.]

Invalid, in-val′id, adj. without value, weight, or cogency: having no effect: void: null.—adj. In′valid, deficient in health, sick, weak.—n. one who is weak: a sickly person: one disabled for active service, esp. a soldier or sailor.—v.t. to make invalid or affect with disease: to enrol on the list of invalids.—v.t. Inval′idāte, to render invalid: to weaken or destroy the force of.—ns. Invalidā′tion; In′validhood, In′validism; In′validing, the return home, or to a more healthy climate, of soldiers or sailors who have been rendered incapable of active duty by wounds or the severity of foreign service; Invalid′ity, Inval′idness, want of cogency: want of force.

Invaluable, in-val′ū-a-bl, adj. that cannot be valued: priceless.—adv. Inval′uably.

Invariable, in-vā′ri-a-bl, adj. not variable: without variation or change: unalterable: constantly in the same state.—ns. Invā′riableness, Invariabil′ity, the quality of being invariable or unchangeable.—adv. Invā′riably.

Invasion. See Invade.

Invecked, in-vekt′, adj. invected.

Invected, in-vek′ted, adj. (her.) having a border-line of small convex or outer curves:—opp. to Engrailed, of a line, or the edge of a bearing. [L. invectus, invehĕre, to enter.]

Invective, in-vek′tiv, n. a severe or reproachful accusation brought against any one: an attack with words: a violent utterance of censure: sarcasm, or satire.—adj. railing: abusive: satirical.—adv. Invec′tively, by invective: satirically: sarcastically. [See Inveigh.]

Inveigh, in-vā′, v.i. to attack with words: to rail against: to revile. [L. invehĕre, invectum—in, in, vehĕre, to carry.]

Inveigle, in-vē′gl, v.t. to entice: to seduce: to wheedle.—ns. Invei′glement, an enticing: an enticement—older forms Invea′gle, Envei′gle; Invei′gler. [Ety. dub.; prob. a corr. of O. Fr. enveogler (Fr. aveugle, blind)—L. ab, without, oculus, the eye.]

Invendible, in-ven′di-bl, adj. not vendible.—n. Invendibil′ity.

Invent, in-vent′, v.t. to devise or contrive: to make: to frame: to fabricate: to forge.—adj. Inven′tible.—n. Inven′tion, that which is invented: contrivance: a deceit: power or faculty of inventing: ability displayed by any invention or effort of the imagination.—adj. Inven′tive, able to invent: ready in contrivance.—adv. Inven′tively.—ns. Inven′tiveness; Inven′tor, Inven′ter, one who invents or finds out something new:—fem. Inven′tress.—Invention of the Cross, a festival observed on May 3, in commemoration of the alleged discovery of the true cross at Jerusalem in 326 by Helena, mother of Constantine the Great. [Fr.,—L. invenīre, inventum—in, upon, venīre, to come.]

Inventory, in′ven-tor-i, n. a list or schedule of articles comprised in an estate, describing each article separately and precisely so as to show of what the estate consists.—v.t. to make an inventory of.—adj. Inventō′rial.—adv. Inventō′rially. [Fr. inventaire—L. inventarium, a list of things found.]

Inverness-cape, in-vėr-nes′-kāp, n. a form of overcoat with cape or tippet—named from Inverness.

Inverse, in-vėrs′, adj. inverted: in the reverse or contrary order: opposite, inverted—opp. to Direct: (math.) opposite in effect, of one operation that annuls the effect of another, as subtraction to addition, &c.—n. an inverted state, a direct opposite.—adv. Inverse′ly.—n. Inver′sion, the act of inverting: the state of being inverted: a change of order or position.—adj. Inver′sive.

Invert, in-vėrt′, v.t. to turn in or about: to turn upside down: to reverse: to change the customary order or position.—n. (archit.) an inverted arch or vault, as the floor of a sewer, &c.—adj. Inver′ted, turned upside down: reversed: (geol.) denoting strata that appear to have been reversed or folded back by upheaval.—adv. Inver′tedly, in an inverted or contrary manner.—Inverted arch, an arch with its curve turned downwards, as in a sewer. [L. invertĕre, inversum—in, in, vertĕre, to turn.]

Invertebral, in-vėrt′e-bral, Invertebrate, in-vėrt′ebrāt, adj. without a vertebral column or backbone: weak, irresolute.—n.pl. Invertebrā′ta, a collective name for those animals which agree in not exhibiting the characteristics of vertebrates.—n. Inver′tebrate, an animal destitute of a skull and vertebral column.

Invest, in-vest′, v.t. to put vesture on, to dress: to confer or give: to place in office or authority: to adorn: to surround: to block up: to lay siege to: to place: as property in business: to lay out money on.—adj. Inves′titive.—ns. Inves′titure, in feudal and ecclesiastical history, the act of giving corporal possession of a manor, office, or benefice, accompanied by a certain ceremonial, such as the delivery of a branch, a banner, &c., to signify the authority which it is supposed to convey; Invest′ment, the act of investing: a blockade: the act of surrounding or besieging: laying out money on: any placing of money to secure income or profit: that in which anything is invested: (Shak.) clothing; Inves′tor, one who invests. [L. investīre, -ītum—in, on, vestīre, to clothe.]

Investigate, in-vest′i-gāt, v.t. to search into: to inquire into with care and accuracy.—adj. Invest′igable, able to be investigated.—n. Investigā′tion, act of examining into: research: study.—adjs. Invest′igātive, Invest′igātory, promoting or given to investigation.—n. Invest′igātor, one who investigates. [L. investigāre, -ātum—in, in, vestigāre, to track.]

Inveterate, in-vet′ėr-āt, adj. firmly established by long continuance: deep-rooted, confirmed in any habit: violent.—adv. Invet′erately.—ns. Invet′erateness, Invet′eracy, firmness produced by long use or continuance. [L. inveterāre, -ātum, to grow old—in, in, vetus, veteris, old.]

Invexed, in-vekst′, adj. (her.) shaped in a curve.

Invidious, in-vid′i-us, adj. likely to incur or provoke ill-will: likely to excite envy, enviable: offensively discriminating.—adv. Invid′iously.—n. Invid′iousness. [L. invidiosus—invidia, envy.]

Invigorate, in-vig′or-āt, v.t. to give vigour to: to strengthen: to animate.—ns. Invigorā′tion, the act or state of being invigorated; Invig′orator, something that invigorates.

Invincible, in-vin′si-bl, adj. that cannot be overcome: insuperable.—ns. Invin′cibleness, Invincibil′ity.—adv. Invin′cibly.—Invincible ignorance (see Ignorance).—The Invincible Doctor, William of Occam (c. 1280-1349).

Inviolable, in-vī′ōl-a-bl, adj. that cannot be profaned: that cannot be injured.—ns. Inviolabil′ity, Invī′olableness, the quality of being inviolable.—adv. Invī′olably.—adjs. Invī′olāte, -d, not violated: unprofaned: uninjured.—adv. Invī′olātely, without violation.—n. Invī′olāteness, the quality of being inviolate.

Invious, in′vi-us, adj. (rare) impassable. [L.]

Invisible, in-viz′i-bl, adj. not visible or capable of being seen—(Shak.) Invised′.—ns. Invisibil′ity, Invis′ibleness.—adv. Invis′ibly.—Invisible Church (see Visible); Invisible green, a shade of green so dark as to be almost black; Invisible ink (see Ink).

Invite, in-vīt′, v.t. to ask: to summon: to allure: to attract.—v.i. to ask in invitation.—n. Invitā′tion, the act of inviting: an asking or solicitation, the written or verbal form with which a person is invited: the brief exhortation introducing the confession in the Anglican communion-office.—adj. Invit′ātory, using or containing invitation.—n. a form of invitation in worship, esp. the antiphon to the Venite or 95th Psalm.—ns. Invite′ment (Lamb), allurement, temptation; Invit′er.—p.adj. Invit′ing, alluring: attractive.—n. (Shak.) invitation.—adv. Invit′ingly, in an inviting manner.—n. Invit′ingness, attractiveness. [Fr.,—L. invitāre, -ātum.]

Invitrifiable, in-vit′ri-fī-a-bl, adj. not vitrifiable.

Invocate, in′vo-kāt, v.t. to invoke or call on solemnly or with prayer; to implore.—n. Invocā′tion, the act or the form of invocating or addressing in prayer or supplication: a call or summons, especially a judicial order: any formal invoking of the blessing of God, esp. an opening prayer in a public religious service, and the petitions in the Litany addressed to God in each person and in the Trinity.—adj. Invoc′atory, that invokes: making invocation. [See Invoke.]

Invoice, in′vois, n. a letter of advice of the despatch of goods, with particulars of their price and quantity.—v.t. to make an invoice of. [Prob. a corr. of envois, pl. of Fr. envoi.]

Invoke, in-vōk′, v.t. to call upon earnestly or solemnly: to implore assistance: to address in prayer. [Fr.,—L. invocāre, -ātum—in, on, vocāre, to call.]

Involucre, in-vol-ū′kėr, n. (bot.) a group of bracts in the form of a whorl around an expanded flower or umbel—also Involū′crum.—ns. Invol′ucel, Involucel′lum, a secondary involucre.—adjs. In′volucral, Involū′crate, having an involucre.—n. Involū′cret. [L. involucrum—involvĕre, to involve.]

Involuntary, in-vol′un-tar-i, adj. not voluntary: not having the power of will or choice: not done willingly: not chosen.—adv. Invol′untarily.—n. Invol′untariness.

Involute, in′vo-lūt, n. that which is involved or rolled inward: a curve traced by the end of a string unwinding itself from another curve.—adjs. In′volute, -d (bot.), rolled spirally inward: turned inward, of shells.—n. Involū′tion, the action of involving: state of being involved or entangled: complicated grammatical construction: (arith.) act or process of raising a quantity to any given power. [See Involve.]

Involve, in-volv′, v.t. to wrap up: to envelop: to implicate: to include: to complicate: to overwhelm: to catch: (arith.) to multiply a quantity into itself any given number of times.—n. Involve′ment, act of involving: state of being involved or entangled. [Fr.—L. involvĕre—in, upon, volvĕre, volūtum, to roll.]

Invulnerable, in-vul′nėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be wounded.—ns. Invulnerabil′ity, Invul′nerableness.—adv. Invul′nerably.

Invultuation, in-vul-tū-ā′shun, n. the act of piercing a wax or clay image of a person that he may suffer torture and die—one of the commonest methods of witchcraft. [Low L. invultuation-em—invultare, to stab the face of—L. in, in, vultus, the face.]

Inwall. See Enwall.

Inward, in′ward, adj. placed or being within: internal: seated in the mind or soul, not perceptible to the senses, as the 'inward part' of a sacrament: (B.) intimate.—n.pl. (B.) the intestines.—adv. toward the inside: toward the interior: into the mind or thoughts.—adv. In′wardly, in the parts within: in the heart: privately: toward the centre.—n. In′wardness, internal state: inner meaning or significance: (Shak.) intimacy, familiarity.—adv. In′wards, same as Inward. [A.S. inneweard (adv.).]

Inweave, in-wēv′, v.t. to weave into: to complicate.

Inwick, in′wik, n. in curling, a stroke in which the stone rebounds from the inside edge of another stone, and then slides close to the tee.

Inwit, in′wit, n. inward knowledge, conscience.

Inwork, in-wurk′, v.t. and v.i. to work in or into.—n. In′working, energy exerted inwardly.—p.adj. In′wrought, wrought in or among other things: adorned with figures.

Inworn, in-wōrn′, adj. worn or worked into, inwrought.

Inwrap=Enwrap.

Inwreathe=Enwreathe.

Io, ī′ō, n. an exclamation of joy or triumph. [L.]

Iodal, ī′ō-dal, adj. n. an oily liquid compound with properties like chloral, obtained by treating iodine with alcohol and nitric acid.

Iodine, ī′o-din, n. one of the four non-metallic elements, so named from the violet colour of its vapour.—n. I′odāte, a combination of iodic acid with a salifiable base.—adj. Iod′ic, containing iodine.—n. I′odīde, a binary compound of iodine.—adj. Iodif′erous, yielding iodine.—n. I′odism, a morbid condition due to iodine.—v.t. I′odīze, to treat with iodine: to impregnate with iodine, as collodion.—n. Iod′oform, a lemon-yellow crystalline substance, having a saffron-like odour and an unpleasant iodine-like taste.—adj. Iodomet′ric (chem.), measured by iodine.—ns. I′odure, Iod′ūret, a compound of iodine with a simple base; Iod′yrite, a yellowish mineral composed of iodine and silver. [Gr. ioeidēs, violet-coloured—ion, a violet, eidos, form.]

Iolite, ī′o-līt, n. a transparent gem which presents a violet-blue colour when looked at in a certain direction. [Gr. ion, violet, lithos, stone.]

Ion, ī′on, n. one of the components into which an electrolyte is broken up on electrolysis—the Anion, the electro-negative component, chemically attacking the anode, and the Cation, the electro-positive component, the cathode. [Gr. iōn, pr.p. of ienai, to go.]

Ionic, ī-on′ik, adj. relating to Ionia in Greece: denoting an order in architecture distinguished by the ram's-horn volute of its capital—also Iō′nian.—vs.t. Ion′icize, I′onize.—ns. I′onism; I′onist.—Ionic dialect, the most important of the three main branches of the ancient Greek language (Ionic, Doric, Æolic), marked by greater softness and smoothness, the effect of its rich vowel system. Homer's Iliad is written in Old, the history of Herodotus in New Ionic: the Attic of Thucydides and Sophocles is its later form; Ionic mode (see Mode); Ionic school, a name given to the representative philosophers of the Ionian Greeks, such as Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, who debated the question what was the primordial constitutive principle of the cosmical universe.

Iota, ī-ō′ta, n. a jot: a very small quantity or degree.—ns. Iot′acism, It′acism, the conversion of other vowel sounds into that of iota (Eng. ē), as in modern Gr. of η, υ, ει, η, οι, υι; It′acist. [Gr., the smallest letter in the alphabet, corresponding to the English i.]

I O U, ī′ō′ū′, n. a memorandum of debt given by a borrower to a lender, requiring no stamp, but to be holograph, dated, and addressed to some person.

Ipecacuanha, ip-e-kak-ū-an′a, n. the name both of a very valuable medicine and of the plant whose root produces it—used as an emetic. [Brazilian, 'smaller roadside sick-making plant.']

Ipomæa, ip-ō-mē′a, n. a genus of nat. ord. Convolvulaceæ. [Gr. ips, a worm, homoios, like.]

Iracund, ī′ra-kund, adj. (Carlyle) angry. [L.]

Irade, i-rä′de, n. a written decree of the Sultan of Turkey.

Iranian, ī-rān′i-an, adj. and n. of or pertaining to Iran, Persia: a branch of the Indo-European or Aryan tongues, including Persian, Zend, Pehlevi, and Parsi: an inhabitant of Iran.—Also Iran′ic.

Irascible, ī-ras′i-bl, adj. susceptible of ire or anger: easily provoked: irritable.—n. Irascibil′ity.—adv. Iras′cibly. [Fr.,—L. irascibilis—irasci, to be angry—ira, anger.]

Ire, īr, n. anger: rage: keen resentment.—adjs. Irate (ī-rāt′ or i-rāt′), enraged: angry; Ire′ful, full of ire or wrath: resentful.—adv. Ire′fully.—n. Ire′fulness. [L. ira, anger, irasci, irātus, to be angry.]

Irenic, ī-ren′ik, adj. tending to create peace: pacific—also Iren′ical.—n. Iren′icon, a proposition or scheme for peace: the deacon's litany at the beginning of the Greek liturgy—from its opening petitions for peace.—n.pl. Iren′ics, irenical theology:—opp. to Polemics. [See Eirenicon.]

Iricism. See Irish.

Irideæ, ī-rid′e-ē, n.pl. a natural order of endogenous plants, with fleshy root-stocks and showy flowers.—Also Iridā′ceæ. [Gr. iris, a rainbow.]

Iridium, ī-rid′i-um, n. the most infusible, and one of the heaviest, of the metals, found associated with the ore of platinum, so called from the iridescence of some of its solutions.—n. Iridos′mium, a native compound of iridium and osmium, used for pointing gold pens. [Gr. iris, iridos, the rainbow.]

Iris, ī′ris, n. the rainbow: an appearance resembling the rainbow: the contractile curtain perforated by the pupil, and forming the coloured part of the eye (also I′rid): the fleur-de-lis, or flagflower:—pl. I′rises.—adjs. I′ridal, Irid′ian, exhibiting the colours of the iris or rainbow: prismatic.—ns. Irides′cence, Iridisā′tion.—adjs. Irides′cent, coloured like the iris or rainbow; I′ridine, iridescent.—v.t. Ir′idise.—adjs. I′risāted, rainbow-coloured; Ir′ised, showing colours like the rainbow.—ns. Irī′tis, Iridī′tis, inflammation of the iris of the eye. [L. iris, iridis—Gr. iris, iridos, the rainbow.]

Iriscope, ī′ri-skōp, n. an instrument for exhibiting the prismatic colours. [Gr. iris, the rainbow, skopein, to see.]

Irish, ī′rish, adj. relating to or produced in Ireland.—n. language of the Irish, a form of Celtic: (pl.) the natives or inhabitants of Ireland.—ns. I′ricism, I′rishism, a phrase or idiom peculiar to the Irish.—n.pl. I′rishry, the people of Ireland.—Irish moss, carrageen; Irish stew, a palatable dish of mutton, onions, and potatoes, seasoned, and stewed in water mixed with flour.

Irk, ėrk, v.t. to weary: to trouble: to distress (now used only impersonally).—adj. Irk′some, causing uneasiness: tedious: unpleasant.—adv. Irk′somely.—n. Irk′someness. [M. E. irken—Scand., Sw. yrka, to urge; prob. cog. with L. urgēre.]

Iron, ī′urn, n. the most common and useful of the metals: an instrument or utensil made of iron, as a hand-harpoon, &c.: a golf-club with an iron head, more set back than the cleek: strength: (pl.) fetters: chains.—adj. formed of iron: resembling iron: rude: stern: fast-binding: not to be broken: robust: dull of understanding.—v.t. to smooth with a smoothing-iron: to arm with iron: to fetter.—adjs. I′ron-bound, bound with iron: rugged, as a coast; I′ron-cased; I′ronclad, clad in iron: covered or protected with iron.—n. a vessel defended by iron plates.—ns. I′ron-clay, a yellowish clay containing a large quantity of iron ore; I′roner, one who irons; I′ron-flint, ferruginous quartz; I′ron-found′er, one who founds or makes castings in iron; I′ron-found′ry, a place where iron is founded or cast.—adj. I′ron-gray, of a gray colour, like that of iron freshly cut or broken.—n. this colour.—adjs. I′ron-hand′ed, having hands hard as iron; I′ron-heart′ed, having a heart hard as iron: cruel.—ns. I′ron-heat′er, the piece of metal heated in the fire for a laundress's box-iron; I′roning, the act of smoothing with hot irons; I′roning-board, a smooth board covered with cloth, on which clothes are laid for ironing; I′roning-machine′, a machine for hotpressing cloth, hats, &c.; I′ron-liq′uor, iron acetate, a dyers' mordant; I′ronmaster, a master or proprietor of ironworks; I′ronmonger, a dealer in articles made of iron; I′ronmongery, a general name for articles made of iron: hardware; I′ron-mould, the spot left on wet cloth after touching rusty iron; I′ron-sand, sand containing particles of iron ore: steel filings used in fireworks.—adj. I′ron-sick (naut.), having the iron bolts and spikes much corroded.—n. I′ronside, a man of iron resolution: (pl.) a name given to Cromwell's irresistible horse.—adj. I′ron-sid′ed, having a side of, or as hard as, iron: rough: hardy.—ns. I′ronsmith, a worker in iron; I′ron-stone, a term usually applied to any ore yielding iron; I′ronware, wares or goods of iron.—adj. I′ron-wit′ted (Shak.), unfeeling, insensible.—n. I′ronwood, applied to the timber of various trees on account of their hardness.—adj. I′ron-word′ed (Tenn.), in words as strong as iron.—n. I′ronwork, the parts of a building, &c., made of iron: anything of iron: a furnace where iron is smelted, or a foundry, &c., where it is made into heavy work.—adj. I′rony, made, consisting, or partaking of iron: like iron: hard.—ns. Cast′-ī′ron, a compound of iron and carbon, obtained directly from iron ore by smelting; Ital′ian-ī′ron, an instrument for fluting linen or lace.—Iron age, an archæological term indicating the condition as to civilisation and culture of a people using iron as the material for their cutting tools and weapons: a period of cruel tyranny; Iron bark tree, a name given in Australia to certain species of Eucalyptus (q.v.); Iron crown, the ancient crown of Lombardy, so named from a thin band of iron said to be made from one of the nails of the Cross; Iron entered into his soul, the bitterest pang of grief has touched his heart.—Bessemer iron, pig-iron suitable for making Bessemer steel.—Have too many irons in the fire, to be trying to do too many things at once; In irons, having fetters on; Rule with a rod of iron, to rule with stern severity. [A.S. iren; Ger. eisen.]

Irony, ī′run-i, n. a mode of speech which enables the speaker to convey his meaning with greater force by means of a contrast between the thought which he evidently designs to express and that which his words properly signify: satire.—adj. Iron′ical, meaning the opposite of what is expressed: satirical.—adv. Iron′ically.—The irony of fate, the perverse malignity of fate. [Fr.,—L. ironia, Gr. eirōneia, dissimulation—eirōn, a dissembler—eirein, to talk.]

Irradiate, ir-rā′di-āt, v.t. to dart rays of light upon or into: to adorn with lustre: to decorate with shining ornaments: to animate with light or heat: to illuminate the understanding.—v.i. to emit rays: to shine.—adj. adorned with rays of light or with lustre.—ns. Irrā′diance, Irrā′diancy, the throwing of rays of light on (any object): that which irradiates or is irradiated: beams of light emitted: splendour.—adj. Irrā′diant, irradiating or shedding beams of light.—n. Irradiā′tion, act of irradiating or emitting beams of light: that which is irradiated: brightness: intellectual light.—adj. Irrā′diātive.