II.—SAINTS AND SYMBOLS

St. Adrian, A. D. 290. Sept. Armed. Anvil in hands or

8. Patron saint of Germany at feet. Sometimes lion,

and Flanders, of soldiers, emblem of fortitude, sometimes

and against the plague, also sword or axe lying

patron of Flemish brewers. beside anvil.

St. Agatha, A. D. 251. Feb. Palm. Salver with female

5. Patron saint of Malta breast. Shears. Veil.

and Catania and against fire

and diseases of the breast.

St. Agnes, Virgin and Martyr, Hair as cloak. Lamb. Palm.

A. D. 304. Jan. 21. Olive branch. Crown.

St. Alban, A. D. 305. June Fountain. Sword. Sometimes

22. England’s protomartyr. head in his hand.

St. Albert the Carmelite, Episcopal robes. Palm.

A. D. 1214. April 8.

Founder of the Carmelite

Order, Bishop of Vercelli,

Patriarch of Jerusalem.

St. Alexis, A. D. 400. July Pilgrim’s habit, ragged and

17. Patron saint of pilgrims worn. Beggar’s dish.

and beggars. Palm. Cross.

St. Alphege, A. D. 1012. Stones, chasuble full of.

April 19. Archbishop of

Canterbury.

St. Ambrose, A. D. 397. Mitre. Crozier. Beehive.

April 4. Patron saint of Two human bones. Scourge

Milan and one of the Four with three knotted thongs.

Latin Fathers. Books. Bishop’s robes.

St. Andrea Corsini, A. D. Bishop’s robes.

1373. Feb. 4. Bishop of Fiesole.

St. Andrew the Apostle, White hair and beard. Gospel.

A. D. 70. Nov. 30. Patron Transverse cross shaped

saint of Scotland and thus—❌.

Russia. Order of the

Golden Fleece.

St. Angelus the Carmelite, Red and white roses falling

A. D. 1220. May 5. from his mouth, symbols of

eloquence. White over

brown habit.

St. Anianus, A. D. 86. April

5. A shoemaker of Alexandria

converted by St. Mark,

later he became Bishop of

Alexandria.

St. Anne. July 26. Mother Elderly woman. Veil.

of the Blessed Virgin. Patron

saint of mothers.

St. Ansano of Siena. Was Young. Richly dressed.

persecuted and beheaded Palm, sometimes with a

at the time of Diocletian. cluster of dates depending

He was the great patron from it. Cross.

saint of Siena until the

end of the thirteenth century.

St. Anthony the Hermit, Monk’s habit. Crutch. Bell.

A. D. 357. Jan. 17. Patron Asperges. Hog. Flames of

saint against fire, here and fire. Skull. Crucifix.

hereafter.

St. Anthony of Padua, A. D. Habit grey or dark brown with

1231. June 13. Belonged hood and cord. Flame of

to the Franciscan Order. fire in his hand or on

his breast. Book. Lily.

Crucifix. Infant Christ in

his arms or on his book.

Mule kneeling.

St. Antonino, A. D. 1459. Episcopal robes.

May 10. Archbishop of Florence.

St. Apollinaris, A. D. 79. Habit of a Greek bishop,

July 23. Was the first white and without mitre.

Bishop of Ravenna, where Cross, black, embroidered

his fame is chiefly confined. on white robe.

Martyred in the reign of

Vespasian, the basilica of

St. Apollinaris-in-Classe

was built some five hundred

years later on the site of

his martyrdom, three miles

from Ravenna.

St. Apollonia, Virgin and Palm. Pincers holding tooth

Martyr, A. D. 250. Feb. in allusion to the torture

9. Patron saint against inflicted upon her.

toothache.

St. Athanasius, A. D. 373. Unpopular in art.

May 2. One of the Four

Greek Fathers of the Church,

from whom the Athanasian

Creed is named.

St. Augustine, A. D. 430. Bishop’s robes. Mitre.

Aug. 28. One of the Four Crozier. Book at his feet or

Latin Fathers of the Church. in his hands. Heart flaming

or transfixed with an arrow.

Infant by seashore.

St. Augustine or Austin of Benedictine habit. Staff.

Canterbury, A. D. 604. Gospel in his hand. Cope,

May 26. Was sent to pallium and mitre as Bishop

England by Pope Gregory of Canterbury.

the Great, where he introduced

the Benedictine Order.

St. Barbara, A. D. 303. Tower with three windows.

Dec. 4. Patron saint of Palm. Book. Sword.

Ferrara and Mantua, armourers, Crown. Cup and wafer.

fortifications, firearms, Feather.

and against thunder

and lightning.

St. Barnabas the Apostle. Rarely appears except in Venetian

June 11. pictures. Holds in his

hand the Gospel of St.

Matthew.

St. Bartholomew the Apostle. Knife. Carrying his own

Aug. 24. skin.

St. Basil the Great, A. D. The Greek Fathers have no

380. June 14. One of the distinguishing attributes.

Four Greek Fathers.

St. Bavon, A. D. 657. Oct. 1. Sometimes represented as a

Patron saint of Ghent hermit seated and praying

and Haarlem. in a hollow tree, or as a

prince in armour with a

falcon in his hand. A huge

stone which he carried as a

penance is sometimes introduced.

St. Benedict, A. D. 543. Black habit, sometimes white.

Mar. 2. Founder of the Raven with loaf in its beak.

Benedictine Order. Mitre and staff. Asperges.

Pitcher. Thorn bush.

Broken sieve.

St. Benno, A. D. 1100. Bishop’s robes. Fish with key

June 16. Bishop of Meissen, in its mouth.

Saxony.

St. Bernard of Clairvaux, White habit. Ink-horn, pen,

A. D. 1153. Aug. 20. and papers. Beehive.

Demon bound. Three mitres

on a book or at his feet.

St. Bernard of Menthon,

A. D. 1008. June 15. Was

a Savoyard of noble birth,

who became Archdeacon of

Aosta and founded the two

hospitals of the Great and

Little St. Bernard, where the

monks with the assistance of

dogs rescue travellers who

are lost in the snow.

St. Bernard dei Tolomei, White habit. Olive branch

A. D. 1319. Founder of the in his hand.

Olivetani.

St. Bernard Degli Uberti. Represented in Cardinal’s

Cardinal and Abbot of robes in pictures with other

Vallombrosa. Vallombrosan saints.

St. Bernardino of Siena, Franciscan habit. I. H. S. on

A. D. 1444. May 20. a tablet surrounded by rays.

Founder of the Order of Sometimes three mitres, or

Observants. three mounds surmounted

by a cross or standard.

St. Blaise, A. D. 289. Feb. 3. Bishop’s robes. Mitre.

Popular in France and England. Crozier. Old, with white

Patron saint of wool-combers, beard. Iron comb, instrument

of wild animals, and of his torture. Not

against diseases of the throat. often represented in art.

St. Bonaventura, A. D. Franciscan habit. Cardinal’s

1274. July 14. hat at his feet or hanging

on a tree. Cardinal’s

robes. Book. Pyx.

St. Boniface, A. D. 755. Bishop’s robes over the black

June 5. Archbishop of Benedictine habit. Holding

Mayence and first apostle book stained with blood

of Germany. or transfixed by a sword.

Crozier.

St. Bridget or Brigida of

Ireland, A. D. 500. Feb.

1. Baptised by St. Patrick.

St. Bridget of Sweden, A. D. Of mature age. Nun with

1373. Oct. 8. Founder of white veil, which has red

the Order of the Brigittines. band. Crozier as first

abbess of the order. Sometimes

pilgrim’s staff and

wallet. Sometimes dove,

denoting inspiration.

St. Bruno, A. D. 1100. July White habit. Shaven head.

18. Founder of the Carthusian

Order of Reformed

Benedictines.

St. Casimir of Poland, A. D. Young. Royal robes. Lily.

1483. Patron saint of Crown and sceptre at feet.

Poland. Sometimes he holds his

hymn to the Virgin, and the

lily and crown are on a

table beside him.

St. Catherine of Alexandria, Wheel. Palm. Book. Sword.

A. D. 307. Nov. 25. Patron Crown. Trampling on

saint of Venice, philosophy, pagan. Receiving ring from

science, colleges, students, the Christ-Child.

and against diseases of the

tongue.

St. Catherine of Bologna, Franciscan habit, veiled.

A. D. 1463. Mar. 9.

Called also Santa Caterina

de’ Vigri, a maid of honour

to Margaret d’Este, who

joined the Poor Clares and

became an abbess.

St. Catherine of Siena, A. D. Dominican habit. Stigmata.

1380. April 30. Lily. Crown of thorns.

St. Cecilia, A. D. 280. Nov. Crown of red and white roses.

22. Patron saint of music Organ. Musical instruments.

and musicians. Angel. Palm.

Scroll of music.

St. Charlemagne, A. D. 814. Globe and cross. Three

Jan. 28. crowns embroidered on his

robe. In armour. Ermine

mantle.

St. Charles Borromeo, A. D. Cardinal’s robes. Barefooted.

1584. Nov. 4. Cardinal Rope around his neck.

and Archbishop of Milan.

St. Christina, A. D. 295. Millstone. Arrows. Palm.

July 24. Patron saint of Crown. It is difficult to

Bolsena and Venice. distinguish this saint from

St. Ursula when she bears

the arrow only.

St. Christopher, A. D. 364. Huge staff. Christ-Child on

July 25. Patron saint his shoulders. Ankle deep

against fire, earthquake, in water. Lantern. Monk

tempests, floods, and accidents. in background.

St. Clara, A. D. 1253. Aug. Lily. Cross. Pyx. Franciscan

12. Founder of the Poor habit and black

Clares, Franciscan nuns. veil.

St. Clement, A. D. 100. Pope’s or Bishop’s robes. Anchor

Nov. 23. Third Bishop of in hand or suspended

Rome. around his neck.

St. Clotilda, A. D. 534. Royal robes, long white veil

June 3. Princess of Burgundy and jewelled crown. Angel

and wife of Clovis, holding shield bearing three

King of France. In a vision fleur-de-lys.

an angel brought her three

lilies, and from this the arms

of France were changed from

three toads (crapauds) to the

fleur-de-lys. She is said to

have christianised France.

St. Cloud, A. D. 560. Sept. Benedictine habit. Crown at

7. Grandson of St. Clotilda. feet.

St. Constantine, Emperor, Dressed as Roman emperor

A. D. 335. or warrior, holding labarum

or standard of the cross.

SS. Cosmo and Damian, A. D. Two men in red robes. Box

301. Sept. 27. Patron saints of ointment. Surgical

of the Medici, and the medical instruments.

profession.

St. Costanzo, second century. He is found with Sant’ Ercolano

Bishop of Perugia, in pictures of the

suffered martyrdom under Umbrian school.

Marcus Aurelius.

SS. Crispin and Crispianus, Awl, or shoemaker’s knife.

A. D. 300. Oct. 25. Patron Palm. Two saints together.

saints of Soissons. Shoemakers

who made shoes

for the poor without reward,

angels supplying them with

leather. They went from

Rome with St. Denis to

preach the Gospel in France.

St. Cunegunda, A. D. 1040. Walking over ploughshares.

Mar. 3. Wife of St. Henry Church in her hand. Royal

of Bavaria, her story is robes.

popular in German poetry

and art.

St. Cuthbert, A. D. 687. Bishop’s robes. Otter.

March 20. Crowned head of King

Oswald in his arms.

St. Cyprian, A. D. 258. Palm. Mitre at his feet.

Sept. 16. Bishop of Carthage.

Suffered martyrdom

under Valerian.

St. Cyprian and St. Justina When represented together he

of Antioch, A. D. 304. wears the habit of a Greek

Sept. 26. St. Cyprian, a bishop (without mitre).

great magician, became Palm. Sword. Trampling

converted through his love his magical books under

for St. Justina and they his feet. She holds the

suffered martyrdom together palm, and the unicorn, symbol

in the reign of of chastity, crouches at

Diocletian. her feet.

St. Cyril of Alexandria, A. D. The only Greek bishop represented

444. Jan. 28. Patriarch of with his head covered.

Alexandria and sometimes

a fifth in pictures of the

Four Greek Fathers. His

name has been connected

with the murder of Hypatia,

which was committed by

his followers in a church.

St. Denis of France (St. Bishop’s robes. Carrying his

Dionysius the Areopagite). head in his hand.

Bishop of Paris in the third

century and patron saint

of France. The legends

confuse this saint with

Dionysius, the convert of St.

Paul, and he is thus universally

represented in art. St.

Denis was beheaded in

Paris, and taking his head

in his hand, he walked

two miles with it to a

place now called Montmartre.

St. Dominick, A. D. 1221. Dominican habit. Dog with

Aug. 4. Founder of the torch in its mouth. Lily.

Order of Dominicans, or Star on forehead. Book.

Preaching Friars. Rosary.

St. Dorothea of Cappadocia, Roses in her hand or crowned

A. D. 303. Feb. 6. Was with roses. Angel with

noted for her beauty and basket containing three apples

piety. At the time of the and three roses. Palm.

persecution she refused to Sometimes crown as martyr.

sacrifice to idols and was

imprisoned and condemned

to be beheaded. As she

went to execution, a young

man named Theophilus,

mocking her, asked for

flowers and fruit from the

garden to which she was

going. After her death,

a heavenly messenger appeared

to Theophilus bearing

three roses and three

apples, and telling him Dorothea

awaited him in the

garden. Theophilus then

was converted, and also

suffered martyrdom.

St. Dunstan, A. D. 988.

May 19. A monk of Glastonbury

who became a favourite

of King Athelstan and was

made Archbishop of Canterbury

in the reign of Edgar.

St. Edmund, King and Martyr, Royal robes. Wolf. Arrow

A. D. 870. Nov. 20. in his hand.

King of East Anglia and

patron saint of Bury St.

Edmunds.

St. Edward the Confessor, Royal robes. Ring. Sceptre

A. D. 1066. Jan. 5. surmounted by a dove.

St. Elizabeth, mother of St.

John the Baptist.

St. Elizabeth of Hungary, A lapful of red and white

A. D. 1231. Nov. 19. roses, symbols of love and

Famed for her beauty, sweetness, purity. Royal attire or

and charity. Franciscan habit. Cripple

or beggar at her feet. Sometimes

three crowns.

St. Eloy (Ital. Sant’ Alò, Bishop’s robes. Crozier.

or Lò, Sant’ Eligio), A. D. Book. Blacksmith’s tools.

659. Dec. 1. Patron saint Blacksmith with anvil, hammer,

of Bologna and Noyon; of tongs, and bellows.

goldsmiths, locksmiths,

blacksmiths, and all workers

in metals; of horses and

farriers.

St. Erasmus or Elmo, A. D. Aged. Bishop’s robes. Small

296. June 3. Invoked by wheel in his hand. Candle

the sailors of the Mediterranean on his head or in his hand.

against storms and

tempests. Suffered martyrdom

under Diocletian.

St. Ercolana, A. D. 546. Found with St. Costanzo in

Bishop of Perugia. He was Umbrian pictures.

beheaded by the Goths.

St. Etheldreda, A. D. 679.

June 23. Founded the

Cathedral and Monastery

of Ely.

St. Euphemia, A. D. 307. Lily. Sword. Palm. Lion

Sept. 16. One of the early at her side.

Greek martyrs.

St. Eustace, A. D. 118. In armour. Stag with crucifix

Sept. 20. An officer under between its horns.

the Emperor Trajan to

whom Christ appeared in

the form of a white stag.

San Faustino and San Giovita Pictures of these two saints

(Faustinus et Jovita), with St. Apollonius represent

A. D. 119. Feb. 15. Two the latter in bishop’s

brothers who were converts robes, the two brothers

of St. Apollonius and were dressed as deacons.

beheaded at Brescia.

St. Felicitas, A. D. 173. Palm. Veiled. Accompanied

Nov. 23. A Roman matron by her seven sons.

of great wealth, who with

her seven sons suffered

martyrdom in the reign of

Marcus Aurelius.

St. Felix de Cantalicio, Dark brown habit, peaked

A. D. 1587. May 8. The hood and girdle. Beggar’s

first saint of the Order of wallet with two ends like

the Capuccini. He spent a purse slung over his

forty-five years in begging shoulder.

for his convent.

St. Ferdinand of Castile, In complete armour. Crown.

A. D. 1152. May 30. Sword. Sometimes holding

the orb of sovereignty.

St. Filomena, A. D. 303. Lily. Javelin with the point

Aug. 10. reversed. Palm.

St. Fina, A. D. 1253. Mar.

12. Patron saint of San

Gimignano.

St. Florian, May 4. One of Rarely seen in Italian art,

the eight tutelar saints of but is frequently found in

Austria. old German prints and pictures.

In armour. Sometimes

painted on the outside

of houses in Bohemia

throwing water from a

pitcher or bucket on a house

in flames. Millstone.

St. Francesca Romana, A. D. Benedictine habit. Angel

1440. Mar. 9. The great holding book.

female saint of the Order

of the Olivetani.

St. Francis of Assisi, A. D. Franciscan habit. Stigmata.

1226. Oct. 4. Lamb. Lily. Skull.

Crucifix.

St. Francis Borgia, A. D.

1572. Oct. 11. Third great

saint of the Jesuit Order.

St. Francis de Paule, A. D. Old, grey beard. Staff.

1508. April 2. Founder Franciscan habit, with short

of the Minimes, a reformed scapulary.

order of Franciscans.

St. Francis de Sales, A. D. Episcopal cope. Bareheaded.

1622. Jan. 29. Joint A heart pierced.

founder with St. Jeanne de

Chantal of the Order of

Visitation of St. Mary.

St. Francis Xavier, A. D. Surplice over black habit.

1552. Dec. 3. Patron Crucifix. Lily.

saint and apostle of India.

Friend and associate of

Ignatius Loyola.

St. Frediano of Lucca, A. D. Bishop’s robes. Harrow.

560. Patron saint of Lucca.

St. Gabriel. The second of Lily. Sceptre. Scroll.

the archangels.

St. Gaudenzio, A. D. 359.

Oct. 14. Bishop and patron

saint of Rimini. He was

scourged, then stoned to

death by the Arians.

St. Geminianus, A. D. 450. Bishop’s robes. Model of

Bishop and patron saint of city or cathedral in his

Modena. hand.

St. Geneviève of Paris, A. D. Veiled. Lighted taper. Demon

509. Jan. 3. holding pair of bellows.

Sheep. Distaff. Spindle.

Book. Basket of provisions

or holding loaf of bread.

St. George, A. D. 303. April In armour. Dragon at his

23. Patron saint of England, feet. Lance. Standard.

Germany, Venice, soldiers Palm.

and armourers.

St. Gervasius and St. Protasius,

A. D. 69. June 19.

(See St. Ambrose.)

St. Giles (Lat. Sanctus Egidius, Old. Benedictine habit.

Ital. Sant’ Egidio, Fr. Hind pierced by an arrow

St. Gilles or Gil), A. D. in his arms or at his feet.

725. Sept. 1. Patron saint

of Edinburgh, of woods,

lepers, beggars, and cripples.

A hermit who lived in a

cave near Nismes. A hind,

that had fled to his cave

from the hunters and their

dogs, was pierced by an

arrow in his arms.

St. Grata, A. D. 300. These saints are constantly

Sept. 4. Daughter of St. represented in pictures

Lupo, Duke of Bergamo, painted by the Bergamo

and St. Adelaide his wife, artists, St. Alexander as

both of whom she converted. a Roman soldier bearing

When St. Alexander, one the palm, St. Grata carrying

of the Theban Legion, was the head of St. Alexander,

beheaded, she wrapped the St. Lupo wearing a

head in fine linen and crown, St. Adelaide a

reverently buried his remains. crown and long veil.

St. Gregory the Great, A. D. Dove on his shoulder or close

604. March 12. One of to his ear. Papal tiara.

the Four Latin Fathers. Crozier with double cross. Book.

St. Gregory Nanzianzen,

A. D. 390. May 9. One

of the Four Greek Fathers

of the Church.

St. Gudula, A. D. 712. Jan. Demon trying to blow out a

8. Patron saint of Brussels. lantern. Often confounded

with St. Geneviève of Paris.

St. Helena, A. D. 328. Aug. Royal robes. Crowned. Very

18. Is generally admitted large cross.

to have been a British

princess, who married Constantius

Chlorus and became

the mother of Constantine

the Great. It was she who

discovered the true cross.

St. Henry of Bavaria, A. D. In armour. Crowned. Sword.

1024. July 14. Emperor Orb of sovereignty. Holding

of Germany and husband in hand Cathedral of

of St. Cunegunda. Bamberg.

St. Hilary (Ital. Sant’ Bishop’s robes. Reading the

Ilario), A. D. 363. Jan. Gospel.

13. Patron saint of Parma.

St. Hilda, A. D. 680. Nov.

17. Abbess of Whitby.

St. Hippolytus, A. D. 258. Often represented as jailer of

Aug. 13. Patron saint of St. Laurence, with bunch

horses. He was the jailer of keys. In armour. Sometimes

of St. Laurence, who became iron comb, or bound

converted and suffered martyrdom to horses.

by being tied to the

tails of wild horses and

dashed to pieces.

St. Hubert of Liège, A. D. Stag with crucifix between

727. Nov. 3. Patron saint its horns. Bishop’s robes.

of the chase and of dogs. Hunting horn. Book.

Sometimes in hunter’s

dress.

St. Hugh of Grenoble, A. D.

1132. April 1. Bishop of

Grenoble. He gave to

St. Bruno the land on which

was built the “Grande

Chartreuse.”

St. Humility or Umiltà,

A. D. 1310. Founder of the

Order of Vallombrosan nuns.

St. Hyacinth, A. D. 1257. Dominican habit. Crucifix.

Aug. 15. Pyx.

St. Ignatius of Antioch, A. D.

107. Feb. 1. Thought to

have been the little child

whom Jesus “set in the

midst” and said “of such is

the Kingdom of Heaven.”

He and his friend St.

Polycarp were disciples of

St. John the Evangelist.

St. Ignatius Loyola, A. D. I. H. S. in the skies. Sometimes

1556. July 31. Founder on a tablet borne by

of the Order of Jesuits. angels. Heart crowned

with thorns.

St. Ildefonso or Alphonso, Famous in Spanish art. Kneeling

A. D. 667. Jan. 23. A before the Virgin, while

Benedictine monk who two angels arrange the

became Archbishop of Toledo. sacred vestment.

He wrote a book

defending the perpetual

virginity of the Blessed

Virgin, and the Virgin appeared

to him in a vision

and with two angels invested

him in a wonderful chasuble.

St. Isabella of France, A. D. Franciscan habit. Distributing

1270. Aug. 31. Sister of alms or food to the poor.

St. Louis and founder of

the great convent of Longchamps,

a community of

Poor Clares.

St. Isidore the Ploughman, Labourer’s dress. Spade.

A. D. 1170. May 10. Patron Angel ploughing in background.

saint of Madrid and of

agriculture.

St. Ives or Yvo of Bretagne Judge. Franciscan cord.

(Ital. Sant’ Ivo), A. D. 1303. Furred robe. Sometimes

May 19. Patron saint of all surrounded by widows and

lawyers in Europe. orphans.

St. James the Great. Apostle Cloak. Pilgrim’s staff.

and Martyr, A. D. 44. Wallet and shell.

July 25. Patron saint of

Spain.

St. James Minor. Apostle Fuller’s club.

and Martyr. May 1.

St. Januarius, A. D. 303. Bishop’s robes. Palm. Mt.

Sept. 19. Patron saint of Vesuvius in background.

Naples. Protector against

eruptions of Mt. Vesuvius.

St. Jerome, A. D. 420. Lion. Cardinal’s hat. Books.

Sept. 30. One of the Four Skull. Church in hand.

Latin Fathers, patron saint

of scholars and theologians.

St. Joachim. March 20.

Husband of St. Anne and

father of the Virgin Mary.

St. John the Baptist. June Reed cross. Scroll. Lamb.

24. Patron saint of Florence Camel’s hair garment.

and all who are baptised.

St. John the Evangelist, A. D. Eagle. Pen. Book. Cup

99. Dec. 27. with serpent.

St. John Capistrano, A. D. Turk under his feet. In one

1465. Oct. 23. A Franciscan hand a standard, in the other

monk sent by the pope to a cross.

preach a crusade against

the Turks. Canonised in

1690 to commemorate

Vienna’s deliverance from

the Turks.

St. John Chrysostom (of the Habit of Greek bishop. Sacramental

golden mouth), A. D. 407. cup. Gospel.

Jan. 27. One of the Four Dove hovering near.

Greek Fathers of the

Church.

St. John Gualberto, A. D. Crucifix. Sometimes crutch.

1073. July 12. Founder of Light grey habit. Beardless.

the Vallombrosan Order of Cross.

Reformed Benedictines.

St. John de Matha, A. D. White habit. Blue and red

1213. Feb. 8. Founder cross on breast. Fetters

of the Trinitarian Order for in his hand or at his feet.

the redemption of captives. Angel with two captives in

background.

St. John Nepomuck, A. D. Augustine habit. Cross. Five

1393. May 16. Canon stars about his head. Sometimes

Regular of St. Augustine. finger on his lip or

Protector of the Order of mouth padlocked.

Jesuits. In Bohemia and

Austria the patron saint

of bridges and running

water, of silence and against

slander.

St. Joseph. March 19. Husband Crutch or stick. Lily.

of the Blessed Virgin.

St. Juan de la Cruz, A. D. Represented with St. Theresa

1591. First barefooted kneeling before the throne

Carmelite. Friend and of the Virgin.

coadjutor of St. Theresa.

St. Juan de Dios, A. D. 1550. Capuchin habit. Long beard.

March 8. Founder of the Holding a pomegranate surmounted

Hospitallers or Brothers of by a cross. Beggar

Charity. kneeling at his feet.

St. Jude. See St. Simon.

St. Julia and St. Afra. Frequently represented in pictures

Virgin Martyrs and patron of the Brescian school

saints of Brescia. with San Faustino, San

Giovita, and St. Apollonius.

St. Julian of Cilicia. March Young. Flowing hair. Secular

16. Patron saint of Rimini. dress. Palm. Standard

of victory. Sword.

St. Julian Hospitator, A. D. Young. Courtier’s dress.

313. Jan. 9. Patron saint Hunting horn. Stag.

of travellers, boatmen, River and boat sometimes

ferrymen, and wandering seen in background.

minstrels.

SS. Justa and Rufina, A. D. Palm. Earthenware pots.

304. July 19. Patron Sometimes the Giralda

saints of Seville. (tower) of Seville between

them, which they are supposed

to have saved by a

miracle in a thunder-storm

in 1504.

St. Justina of Antioch. See

St. Cyprian.

St. Justina of Padua (Ital. Richly dressed as princess.

Santa Giustina di Padova), Crowned. Palm. Sword

A. D. 303. Oct. 7. Patron through her breast, emblem

saint of Padua and Venice. of her martyrdom. Sometimes

given the unicorn

which properly belongs to

St. Justina of Antioch.

St. Lambert, A. D. 709. Sept. Bishop’s robes. Palm. Lance

17. Bishop of Maestricht. or javelin at his feet.

St. Laurence, A. D. 258. Deacon’s dress. Palm. Gridiron.

Aug. 10. Patron saint of

Nuremberg, Genoa, and the

Escurial.

St. Lazarus, Sept. 2. Brother Bishop’s robes. Bier in background.

of Martha and Mary and Usually grouped

patron saint of Marseilles. with Mary, Martha, and

sometimes St. Marcella.

SS. Leander and Isidore, In pictures by Murillo they

sixth century. Two brothers are represented enthroned,

who were successively robed in white, wearing

Bishops of Seville and patron their mitres.

saints of the city.

St. Leonard, A. D. 559. Deacon’s dress, or Benedictine

Nov. 6. Patron saint of habit. Crozier. Book.

prisoners and slaves. Fetters.

St. Longinus, A. D. 45. Roman soldier. Lance or

March 15. Patron saint of spear.

Mantua. Was the centurion

who pierced the side

of Christ at the crucifixion.

He became a Christian and

suffered martyrdom.

St. Lorenzo Giustiniani,

A. D. 1455. Sept. 5. Bishop

of Castello and Patriarch

of Venice.

St. Louis Beltran, A. D.

1581. Oct. 9. A celebrated

Dominican preacher and

friend of St. Theresa.

St. Louis, King of France, Crown of thorns. Sword.

A. D. 1270. Aug. 25. Sceptre. Royal crown.

St. Louis of Toulouse (Ital. Young. Beardless. Fleur-de-lys

San Ludovico), A. D. 1297. embroidered on

Aug. 19. bishop’s robes. Sometimes

Franciscan habit. Mitre.

Crown and sceptre at his

feet.

St. Lucy, A. D. 303. Dec. Lamp. Eyes on salver.

13. Patron saint of Syracuse Sword in her neck or wound

and against diseases in neck from which stream

of the eye. rays of light. Palm. Awl.

St. Luke, Evangelist. Oct. 18. Ox (winged). Book. Portrait

Patron saint of painters. of the Virgin.

St. Marcella or Martilla,

A. D. 68. The handmaid

of Mary and Martha.

St. Marcellinus and St. Represented together in art,

Peter Exorcista, A. D. bearing their palms.

304. June 2. Two priests

who were persecuted and

suffered martyrdom together.

St. Margaret of Antioch, Dragon under her feet. Cross.

A. D. 306. July 20. Crown. Palm.

St. Margaret of Cortona, Checkered habit. Cord as

A. D. 1297. girdle. Dog at her feet.

St. Mark the Evangelist, Lion, generally winged. Bishop’s

A. D. 68. April 25. Patron robes. Book.

saint of Venice.

St. Martha of Bethany, A. D. Pot of holy water. Asperges.

84. July 29. Patron saint Dragon bound at her feet.

of cooks and housewives. Bunch of keys. Skimmer

or ladle in her hand. When

with the Magdalene plainly

dressed in blue, dark brown,

or grey.

St. Martin of Tours, A. D. Bishop’s robes. Beggar at

397. Nov. 11. Patron feet or as soldier dividing

saint of Tours, Lucca, and his cloak with beggar.

penitent drunkards. Goose at his side. (This

attribute alludes to the

season of his festival, called

Martinmastide, when geese

are killed and eaten.)

St. Mary of Egypt, A. D. Old, wasted, with long hair,

433. April 2. grey or black. Three small

loaves.

St. Mary Magdalene, A. D. Long, fair hair. Box of ointment.

68. July 22. Patron saint Skull. Crucifix.

of Provence, Marseilles, and

of penitent women.

St. Matthew, Apostle and Angel or man. Book or pen.

Evangelist, A. D. 90. Sept. Purse or money-bag.

21.

St. Matthias, Apostle. Feb. Lance or axe.

24.

St. Maurice (Ital. San St. Maurice is represented in

Maurizio), A. D. 286. armour, palm in one hand,

Sept. 22. Patron saint of the standard in the other.

Savoy, Mantua, and Austria. Sometimes as a Moor, his

This saint was commander name signifying “a Moor.”

of the Theban Legion of the In Italian art he bears a

Roman Army, numbering large red cross—badge of the

6666 soldiers, all Christians. Sardinian Order of St. Maurice—on

These were slain to a man his breast. St.

by order of Emperor Maximin Gereon is in armour, and

for refusing to enter bears the standard and palm.

into battle against other Sometimes the Emperor

Christians. The place Maximin is portrayed prostrate

where the martyrdom occurred under his foot, expressing

has since been called spiritual victory

St. Maurice. St. Gereon over tyranny.

was another of the Theban

Legion, who, with his comrades,

suffered martyrdom

in Cologne. St. Gereon

and St. Maurice are most

honoured in Germany.

St. Maurus, A. D. 584.

Jan. 15. See St. Benedict.

St. Michael the Archangel. Winged. In armour. Sword.

Sept. 29. Spear. Shield. Dragon

under his foot. As Lord of

souls, holding the balance.

St. Miniato, A. D. 254. Scarlet robe. Crown. Palm.

Javelins. T-shaped cross.

St. Monica, A. D. 387. May

4. Mother of St. Augustine.

St. Natalia, wife of St. Adrian

and one of the great

martyrs of the Greek Church.

St. Nazarius and St. Celsus, Always represented together,

A. D. 69. July 28. Two St. Nazarius old, St. Celsus

martyrs of Milan. young. Each bears the

palm and sword.

St. Nicholas of Myra or Bishop’s robes. Three balls.

Bari, A. D. 326. Dec. 6. Anchor. Three children in

Patron saint of Russia, a tub. Ship.

Freiberg, Venice, of children,

sailors, merchants, and

against robbers.

St. Nicholas of Tolentino, Augustine habit. Star on his

A. D. 1309. Sept. 10. breast. Gospel. Crucifix

wreathed with a lily.

St. Norbert, A. D. 1134. Bishop’s robes. Sacramental

May 6. Founder of the Order cup with spider over it.

of Premonstratensians. Sometimes demon bound.

St. Omobuono. Patron saint Loose tunic trimmed with

of Cremona, of tailors, and fur. Fur cap. Is seen distributing

all good citizens. Noted food and alms

for his charity. to the poor. Sometimes

wine flasks stand near him

in allusion to the legend

that after giving his own

provisions to some starving

pilgrims, he filled the empty

wine flasks with water which

poured out wine, and angels

filled his wallet with bread.

St. Onofrio, fourth or fifth Old, wasted, long grey hair

century. June 12. A and beard. A leafy branch

hermit of Thebes who dwelt encircles his loins. Stick

alone in a cave for sixty in his hand.

years and never spoke except

to pray.

St. Ottilia, A. D. 720. Dec. Abbess of the Benedictine

13. Patron saint of Alsace Order. Crozier or Palm.

and Strasburg and against Book upon which rest two

diseases of the eye. She eyes.

was the blind daughter of the

Duke of Alsace and built the

convent of Hohenburg.

St. Pantaleon, fourth century. Young. Beardless. Wears

July 27. Patron loose robe. Palm. Olive.

saint of physicians. Was As martyr bound to an olive

the favourite physician of tree. Sword at his feet.

Emperor Galerius Maximian.

Martyred for his faith.

St. Patrick, A. D. 464.

March 17. Apostle and

patron saint of Ireland.

St. Paul the Apostle, A. D. Sword. Sometimes two swords.

65. June 29. Book. Scroll. Next to

Virgin or Saviour enthroned.

St. Paul the Hermit of Thebes, Very old, half naked. Long

A. D. 344. hair and beard. Raven.

St. Peter the Apostle, A. D. Keys. Fish. Cross. Cock.

65. June 29.

St. Peter of Alcantara, A. D. Often represented thus, or

1562. A Franciscan monk with dove hovering over his

who through faith was able head.

to walk on the water.

St. Peter Exorcista. See

St. Marcellinus.

St. Peter Martyr, A. D. Dominican habit. Gash in

1252. April 28. his head or blood flowing

from it. Sometimes sword

or axe. Palm.

St. Peter Nolasco, A. D. Old. White habit; on his

1258. Jan. 13. Founder of breast the arms of King

the Order of Our Lady of James of Aragon, the badge

Mercy, for the redemption of the Order.

of captives.

St. Petronilla, first century.

May 31. The daughter of

St. Peter.

St. Petronius, A. D. 430. Bishop’s robes. City of Bologna

Oct. 4. Bishop and patron in his hand.

saint of Bologna.

St. Philip, Apostle. May 1. Staff or crozier surmounted

Patron saint of Luxembourg by a cross, or small cross

and Brabant. in his hand.

St. Philip Benozzi, A. D.

1285. Aug. 23. Chief

saint of the Order of the

Servi.

St. Philip Neri, A. D. 1595.

May 26. Founder of the

Order of the Oratorians.

St. Phocas of Sinope. Martyr. Found in Byzantine art. As

Greek patron saint of gardens gardener. Spade.

and gardeners.

St. Placidus, A. D. 584. Jan.

15. See St. Benedict.

St. Pol or Paul de Léon, Bell. Sometimes loaf and

A. D. 573. March 12. First cruse. Driving dragon into

Bishop and patron saint of the sea.

Léon and founder of the

cathedral at St. Pol-de-Léon,

Brittany.

SS. Praxedes and Pudentiana,

A. D. 148. July 21

and May 19. The daughters

of a Roman patrician named

Pudens, with whom St.

Peter lodged. They were

Christians, and during the

first persecution they ministered

to the tortured ones,

sheltering them in their

own home. They themselves

escaped martyrdom.

St. Prisca, A. D. 275. Jan. Lion. Palm. Eagle.

18. A Roman virgin who

was denounced as a Christian

when but thirteen and

thrown to the lions. These,

instead of attacking her,

humbly licked her feet. She

was then taken and beheaded.

An eagle guarded

her body until it was buried.

St. Procopius, A. D. 1053.

July 4. A King of Bohemia

who gave up his crown and

became a hermit. His story

is similar to St. Giles’s.

St. Proculus, A. D. 303. Soldier, axe in his hand.

Military patron saint of Sometimes an angel holds

Bologna. One of the warrior the axe. Sword. Carrying

saints who slew with a head in both hands.

an axe an officer sent to

enforce the imperial edict

against the Christians and

was then himself immediately

beheaded.

St. Ranieri, A. D. 1161.

July 17. Patron saint of

Pisa.

St. Raphael the Archangel. Winged. Wallet. Staff.

Guardian angel of travellers. Sword. Casket (with fishy

charm). Pilgrim’s garb.

St. Raymond de Peñaforte, Dominican habit. Gliding

A. D. 1275. Jan. 23. A over the sea on his mantle.

Spanish nobleman who entered

the Order of St.

Dominick. He is said to

have safely crossed the sea

on his mantle, setting his

staff in the middle with the

corner of the cloak for a sail.

St. Reparata, third century. Crown. Palm. Sometimes a

Patron saint of Florence banner with red cross on a

before 1298. white ground. Difficult

to distinguish from St. Ursula

unless latter has arrow.

St. Roch, A. D. 1327. Aug. Pilgrim’s habit. Wallet.

16. Patron saint of prisoners Cockleshell. Staff. Dog.

and the sick, especially Often pointing to wound

the plague-stricken. in his leg.

St. Romain, A. D. 639. Oct.

23. Bishop of Rouen under

Clovis I. Considered the

Apostle of Normandy. The

dragon legend is related of

him also.

St. Romualdo, A. D. 1027. White habit. Long white

Feb. 7. Founder of the beard. Crutch.

Order of the Camaldolesi,

reformed Benedictines.

St. Romulo, first century.

July 23. Convert of St.

Peter and first Bishop of

Fiesole. Martyred under

Nero.

St. Rosa di Viterbo, A. D. Franciscan habit. Chaplet of

1261. May 8. roses.

St. Rosalia of Palermo, A. D. Brown tunic. Hair loose.

1160. Crucifix. Angels crowning

her with roses.

St. Sabina, second century. Palm. Crown. Richly

Aug. 29. A Roman matron dressed.

martyred in the time of the

Emperor Hadrian.

St. Scholastica. See St.

Benedict.

St. Sebald or Siward, A. D. Pilgrim’s dress. Shell in his

770. One of the early hat. Rosary. Staff.

German saints, especially Wallet. In one hand his

venerated in Nuremberg. church with its two towers.

St. Sebastian, A. D. 288. Pierced by arrows. Bound

Jan. 20. Patron saint against to a tree or column. Angel

plague and pestilence. with palm and crown.

St. Simon and Jude or St. Simon the saw. Thaddeus

Thaddeus. Oct. 28. the halberd.

St. Stephen. Protomartyr. Stones. Deacon’s robes.

Dec. 26. Palm.

St. Swithin, A. D. 862. July

2. Bishop of Winchester

and preceptor of Alfred the

Great. He desired to be

buried among the poor outside

the church. When his

clergy, however, on July

15th, wishing to do him

honour, attempted to remove

his body to a magnificent

tomb inside the church, the

rain fell in such torrents

they were unable to proceed.

The storm continued forty

days. Then, the clergy

saw it was a sign, and left

the saint’s body undisturbed.

St. Sylvester, A. D. 335. Pontifical robes. Mitre.

Dec. 31. Bishop and Patriarch Sometimes triple tiara.

of Rome. Always Small dragon, its mouth

associated with the conversion bound with threads. Bull

of Constantine. crouching at his feet. Sometimes

holding or pointing

at the portraits of St. Peter

and St. Paul.

St. Thecla, first century. Young. Palm. Wild beasts.

Sept. 23. Patron saint of

Tarragona. A Greek virgin

and martyr who was a convert

of St. Paul.

St. Theodore, A. D. 306. In armour. Dragon under

Nov. 9. Formerly patron his feet.

saint of Venice.

St. Theresa, A. D. 1582. Corpulent. Infirm. Flame-tipped

Oct. 17. Patron saint of arrow in her breast.

Spain and founder of the Dove. Angel.

Scalzi, a reformed order of

the Carmelites.

St. Thomas, Apostle. Dec. Builder’s rule or square.

21. Patron saint of Parma Lance.

and Portugal, and of

builders and architects.

St. Thomas Aquinas, A. D. Dominican habit. Books.

1274. March 7. Pen. Sacramental cup.

Sun on his breast within

which is sometimes a human

eye. Dove.

St. Thomas à Becket of Blood flowing from his head.

Canterbury, A. D. 1170. Bishop’s robes or Benedictine

Dec. 29. habit.

St. Thomas of Villaneuva, At his canonisation it was

A. D. 1555. Sept. 17. ordained that he should be

Archbishop of Valencia, represented with an open

called the Almoner because purse in his hand instead

of his charities. of a crozier.

St. Torpè or Tropès, A. D. Roman soldier. White banner

70. May 17. with a red cross.

St. Ursula, A. D. 237 or Crown. Arrow. Pilgrim’s

383, or 451. Oct. 21. Patron staff surmounted by a white

saint of teachers and banner with the red cross.

young girls. Dove. Mantle sheltering

virgins.

St. Veronica. There is an Always represented in art

old tradition that when displaying the sacred napkin.

Jesus was on his way to

Calvary, staggering under

the weight of his cross,

he met a woman who,

filled with compassion,

wiped the drops of agony

from his face with a napkin,

or as some say with her

veil. And the face of Christ

was miraculously printed on

the cloth. The name of

Vera Icon, the true image,

was given to this, and the

cloth was called the Sudarium

(Fr. Le Sainte Sudaire;

Ital. Il Sudario).

In time the name of the

cloth was given to the

woman of whom the legend

is related. The festival of

St. Veronica occurs on

Shrove Tuesday.

St. Victor of Marseilles, A. D. In armour. Millstone.

303. July 21. A Roman

soldier who suffered martyrdom

under Diocletian, being

crushed by a millstone and

then beheaded.

St. Vincent. Deacon and Young. Deacon’s dress

Martyr, A. D. 304. Jan. Palm. His peculiar attributes

22. Patron saint of Lisbon, a crow or raven

Valencia, Saragossa, Milan, sometimes perched upon a

and Chalons. millstone. Difficult to

distinguish from St. Laurence

and St. Stephen.

St. Vincent Ferraris, A. D. Dominican habit. Crucifix.

1419. April 5. Sometimes represented with

wings, symbolising inspiration.

St. Vincent de Paule, A. D. Franciscan habit. Infant in

1660. July 19. Founder his arms. Sister of Charity

of hospitals for deserted kneeling at his feet.

children and of the Order

of Sisters of Charity.

St. Vitus, A. D. 303. June Palm. Lion. Cock. Wolf.

15. Patron saint of Bohemia, Caldron of oil. Young

Saxony, and Sicily, and beautiful.

of dancers and actors,

against nervous diseases and

late rising (hence the cock

as an attribute).

St. Walburga, A. D. 728. Benedictine habit. Crozier

May 1. Niece of St. Boniface as abbess. Vial or flask

and accompanied him to in her hand.

Germany and became abbess

of a Benedictine convent

at Heidenheim. The night

of her festival is the famous

Walpurgisnacht referred to

in Faust.

St. Zeno, A. D. 380. April Bishop’s robes. Fish suspended

12. Patron saint of Verona. from his crozier.

St. Zenobio, A. D. 417. May Scenes from his life are frequently

25. Bishop of Florence. represented in

Florentine art. He has no

particular attribute.