I.—SYMBOLS OF THE SAINTS

Anchor in his hand, or at his St. Clement, Martyr, A. D.

side, or suspended around 100. Third Bishop of

his neck. Pope’s or Bishop’s Rome.

robes.

Anchor. Three balls, or three St. Nicholas of Myra, A. D.

purses. Three children in a 326. Patron saint of Russia,

tub. Bishop’s robes. Ship. Venice, and Freiberg, of

children, sailors, travellers,

etc.

Angel or man. Purse, or bag St. Matthew, Apostle and

of money. Book. Pen and Evangelist, Martyr.

ink-horn.

Angel. Organ. Musical instruments. St. Cecilia, Virgin Martyr,

Crown of red A. D. 280. Patron saint of

and white roses. Palm. music and musicians.

Scroll of music.

Angel holding a book. Benedictine St. Francesca Romana, A. D.

habit. 1440.

Angel holding basket with St. Dorothea of Cappadocia,

apples and roses. Crown. Virgin Martyr, A. D. 303.

Palm. Sometimes roses in

her hand or crowned with

roses.

Angel with flame-tipped arrow. St. Theresa, A. D. 1582. Patron

Dove. Carmelite saint of Spain. Founder

habit. Heart with I. H. S. of the Scalzi, reformed

Lily. Crucifix. Carmelites.

Angel with two captives. St. John de Matha, A. D.

Fetters in his hand, or at 1213. Founder of the

his feet. White habit. Trinitarian Order for the

Blue and red cross upon redemption of captives.

his breast.

Angel with pyx. Franciscan St. Bonaventura, A. D. 1274.

habit. Cardinal’s hat at

his feet, or on a tree.

Angel holding a shield on St. Clotilda of Burgundy,

which are three fleur-de-lys. A. D. 534.

Angel ploughing in the St. Isidore the ploughman,

background. Spade. Found in A. D. 1170.

Spanish art.

Angels crowning her with St. Rosalia of Palermo, A. D.

roses. Crucifix. 1160.

Anvil in hands, or at feet. St. Adrian, Martyr, A. D. 290.

Sometimes lion, sometimes Patron saint of Flanders

sword or axe lying beside and Germany, of soldiers,

anvil. and against the plague.

Anvil. Blacksmith’s tools. St. Eloy, Lo, or Sant’ Eligio,

Blacksmith’s or Bishop’s A. D. 659. Patron saint of

dress. Crozier. Book. Bologna, blacksmiths, goldsmiths,

and of horses.

Arrow. Crown. Banner with St. Ursula, Virgin Martyr,

a red cross. Dove. Mantle 237 or 383 or 451. Patron

sheltering virgins. saint of young girls, and

teachers.

Arrow, hind pierced by, in St. Giles, Hermit, A. D. 725.

his arms or at his feet. Old. Patron saint of Edinburgh,

Benedictine habit. of woods, cripples, beggars,

and lepers.

Arrow in his hand. Royal St. Edmund, King and Martyr,

robes. Wolf. A. D. 870. Patron

saint of Bury St. Edmunds.

Arrows, pierced by. Bound St. Sebastian, Martyr, A. D.

to a column. Angel with 288. Patron saint against

crown and palm. pestilence.

Arrows. Palm. Crown. St. Christina, Virgin Martyr,

Millstone. A. D. 295. Patron saint of

Bolsena, and Venice.

Awl or shoemaker’s knife. St. Crispin and St. Crispianus,

Palms. Two saints together. Martyrs, A. D. 300. Patron

saints of Soissons.

Axe, lictor’s. Two-pronged St. Martina, Virgin Martyr,

fork. Young. A. D. 230.

Axe in his hand. Sometimes St. Proculus, Martyr, A. D.

an angel holds the axe. 303. Patron saint of

Sword. Carrying a head in Bologna.

both hands.

Balls (three). Bishop’s St. Nicholas of Myra, A. D.

robes. Sometimes three 326. Patron saint of Russia,

purses, or three children in Venice, Freiberg, of children,

a tub. Sometimes ship in school-boys, sailors, travellers,

the background. merchants, and against

thieves.

Banner, with red cross. St. Ursula, Virgin Martyr.

Crown. Dove. Arrow. Dates uncertain, 237, 383,

Mantle sheltering virgins, or 451. Patron saint of

or surrounded by virgins. young girls, and women

teachers.

Banner with black Imperial St. Wenceslaus of Bohemia,

eagle. Palm. Royal robes. Martyr, A. D. 938.

Banner. Young. Richly St. Julian of Cilicia, Martyr.

dressed. Sword. Palm. Patron saint of Rimini.

Banner, white with a red St. Torpé, Martyr, A. D. 70.

cross. Roman armour. Patron saint of Pisa.

Found only in churches of

Pisa.

Banner, white with a red St. Reparata, Virgin Martyr,

cross. Crown. Palm. third century. Formerly

Sometimes wears a red patron saint of Florence.

and white mantle.

Beasts, surrounded by. St. Thecla, Virgin Martyr,

Young. Dark brown or first century. Patron saint

grey mantle. Palm. of Tarragona.

Beehive at his feet. Books. St. Ambrose, A. D. 397. One

Knotted scourge with three of the Four Latin Fathers

thongs. Two human bones. of the Church. Patron

Bishop’s robes. Mitre. saint of Milan.

Crozier.

Beehive. Demon bound. St. Bernard of Clairvaux, A. D.

Three mitres on a book or 1153. Founder of the

at his feet. Pen, papers, Cistercian Order of Reformed

ink-horn. White habit. Benedictines.

Beggar, kneeling at his feet. St. Juan de Dios, A. D. 1550.

In his hands a pomegranate Founder of the Hospitallers,

surmounted by a cross. or Brothers of Charity.

Long beard. Capuchin

habit.

Beggar at feet, or dividing St. Martin of Tours, A. D.

his cloak with a beggar. 397. Patron saint of

Goose. Bishop’s robes, or Tours, Lucca, and penitent

as a soldier. drunkards.

Beggar, or cripple, at her feet. St. Elizabeth of Hungary,

Sometimes three crowns. A A. D. 1231.

lapful of roses. Robes of royalty,

or Franciscan habit.

Beggar’s dish. Pilgrim’s St. Alexis, A. D. 400. Patron

habit, worn and ragged. saint of beggars and pilgrims.

Palm. Cross.

Beggars, giving alms to. St. Elizabeth of Portugal,

Widow’s veil. Crown. A. D. 1336.

Old. Franciscan habit.

Bell. Sometimes cruse and St. Pol-de-Léon, A. D. 573.

loaf. Driving dragon into

the sea.

Bell. Crutch. Asperges. St. Anthony, Hermit, A. D. 357.

Hog. Skull. Crucifix.

Flames of fire. Monk’s habit.

Blacksmith with anvil, hammer, St. Eloy, Lo, or Sant’ Eligio,

tongs and bellows. A. D. 659. Patron saint

Sometimes Bishop’s robes of Bologna, of goldsmiths,

and blacksmith’s tools. locksmiths, blacksmiths, and horses.

Blood flowing from his head. St. Thomas à Becket, A. D. 1170.

Benedictine habit or Bishop’s robes.

Blood trickling from his head. St. Peter Martyr, A. D. 1252.

Sometimes with sword or

axe in his head. Palm.

Dominican habit.

Bones, two human. Beehive. St. Ambrose, A. D. 397. One

Knotted scourge. Books. of the Four Latin Fathers.

Bishop’s robes. Mitre. Crozier. Patron saint of Milan.

Book stained with blood, or St. Boniface, A. D. 755.

transfixed by a sword. Bishop’s Archbishop of Mayence, and

robes over the Benedictine habit. Apostle of Germany.

Books at his feet. Infant by St. Augustine, A. D. 430. One

seashore. Heart flaming or of the Four Latin Fathers of

transfixed by an arrow. the Church.

Bishop’s robes. Mitre. Crozier.

Books, his magical, trampling St. Cyprian of Antioch, Martyr,

under his feet. Sword. A. D. 304.

Palm. Bishop’s robes

(without the mitre).

Bottle on the end of a staff. St. James the Great, Apostle

Cloak. Wallet. Scallop-shell. and Martyr. Patron saint of Spain.

Bottles or Flasks. Loose St. Omobuono. Patron saint

tunic and cap, trimmed with of Cremona, and of tailors.

fur. Giving alms to the (Sometimes difficult to distinguish

poor. from St. Roch.)

Box or vase of alabaster. St. Mary Magdalene, A. D.

Long fair hair. Skull. 68. Patron saint of Marseilles,

Crucifix. Provence, and of

frail, and penitent women.

Box of ointment. Surgical St. Cosmo and St. Damian,

instruments. Two men Martyrs, A. D. 301. Patron

together in red robes. saints of medicine,

and of the Medici family.

Branch of olive in his hand. St. Bernard of Tolomei, A. D.

White habit. 1319. Founder of the

Order of Olivetani, reformed

Benedictines.

Branch, encircling his loins. St. Onofrio, Hermit of Thebes,

Old, wasted, half-naked, fourth or fifth century.

long hair and beard.

Buildings in his hand. Bishop’s St. Petronius, A. D. 430.

robes. Patron saint of Bologna.

Caldron of oil. Cock. Lion. St. Vitus, Martyr, A. D. 303.

Wolf. Palm. Young and Patron saint of Sicily, Bohemia,

beautiful. Saxony, of actors

and dancers, and against

nervous diseases and late rising.

Candle, lighted. Demon St. Geneviève, A. D. 509.

trying to extinguish it with Patron saint of Paris.

bellows. Book. Basket

of provisions and holding

loaf of bread. Sheep.

Distaff. Spindle.

Candle on his head, or in St. Erasmus, or Elmo, Martyr,

his hand. Small wheel. A. D. 296.

Old. Bishop’s robes.

Captive kneeling at her feet. St. Radegunda, A. D. 587.

Broken fetters in her hands. Protectress of the Order of

Royal crown. Long veil. Trinitarians for the redemption

of captives.

Cardinal’s Hat, near him St. Jerome, A. D. 420. One

or at his feet. Cardinal’s of the Four Latin Fathers.

robes, or old, ragged, long Founder of Monachism in

beard. Skull. Books. the West. Patron saint of

Lion. Church in his hand. learning, theology, scholars.

Cardinal’s Hat on the bough St. Bonaventura, A. D. 1274.

of a tree or at his feet.

Franciscan habit. Pyx.

Cardinal’s robes (only found St. Bernard degli Uberti, Abbot

with other Vallombrosan of Vallombrosa.

saints).

Carpenter’s or builder’s St. Thomas, Apostle and Martyr.

square. Patron saint of architects

and builders.

Censer. Book. Benedictine St. Maurus, A. D. 584.

habit or dressed as a deacon.

Usually with St. Benedict

and St. Placidus.

Chalice or sacramental cup. St. Thomas Aquinas, A. D. 1274.

Sun on his breast. Books.

Pen. Dove. Dominican habit.

Checkered Habit, Cord of St. Margaret of Cortona, A. D. 297.

St. Francis. Dog at her feet.

Child in his arms or at his St. Vincent de Paule, A. D.

feet. Franciscan habit. 1660. Founder of the

Nun kneeling at feet. Sisters of Charity.

Child on his shoulders, walking St. Christopher, A. D. 364.

through water. Huge

staff. Monk in background.

Child-Christ in his arms St. Anthony of Padua, A. D. 1231.

or on a book. Book. Lily.

Crucifix. Flame in his

hand or on his breast.

Mule kneeling.

Children, three, in a tub. St. Nicholas of Myra, A. D.

Three balls, or three purses. 326. Patron saint of Russia,

Anchor. Bishop’s robes. Venice, Freiberg, school-boys,

Sometimes ship in the background. sailors, travellers,

merchants, and against thieves.

Church in her hand. Royal St. Cunegunda of Bavaria,

robes. Walking over A. D. 1040.

ploughshares.

Church in his hand. In St. Henry of Bavaria, A. D. 1024.

armour. Crown. Sword.

Orb of sovereignty.

Church with two towers in St. Sebald, A. D. 770.

his hand. Pilgrim’s dress.

Staff. Wallet. Shell.

Cloak, dividing with a beggar. St. Martin of Tours, A. D.

Beggar at his feet. Goose. 397. Patron saint of

Bishop’s robes, or as a soldier. Tours, Lucca, and of penitent drunkards.

Club. St. James Minor, Apostle and Martyr.

Comb, iron, Bishop’s robes. St. Blaise, Martyr, A. D. 289.

Patron saint of wool-combers,

wild animals, and

against diseases of the throat.

Cross, transversed, shaped St. Andrew, Apostle and Martyr.

thus—❌. Gospel. White Patron saint of Scotland

hair and beard. and Russia.

Cross. Crutch. Beardless. St. John Gualberto, A. D.

Light grey habit. 1073. Founder of the

Vallombrosan Order of Reformed Benedictines.

Cross at the end of a staff or St. Philip, Apostle and Martyr.

crozier, or small cross in his

hand or T-shaped.

Cross, blue and red, on his St. John de Matha, A. D.

breast. White habit. 1213. Founder of the Order

Angel leading captives. of Trinitarians.

Cross. Lily. Javelins. Palm. St. Miniato, Martyr, A. D. 254.

Crown. Cross T-shaped. Scarlet robe.

Cross. Pyx. Lily. Franciscan St. Clara, A. D. 1253. Founder

habit. Black veil. of the Order of Poor

Clares, Franciscan nuns.

Cross. Dragon under her feet. St. Margaret, Virgin Martyr,

Crown. Palm. A. D. 306.

Cross, red, on his breast. In St. Maurice, Martyr, A. D.

armour. Sometimes as a 286. Patron saint of Austria,

Moor, or with eagle on Savoy, and Mantua,

banner or shield. and of foot soldiers.

Cross, large. Robes of royalty. St. Oswald, A. D. 642.

Cross, large. Royal robes. St. Helena, A. D. 328. Mother

of Constantine the Great.

Crown and sceptre at his St. Procopius, A. D. 1053.

feet. Doe by his side.

Hermit’s garb.

Crown and sceptre at his feet. St. Louis of Toulouse, A. D. 1297.

Young. Beardless. Fleur-de-lys

embroidered on

Bishop’s robes. Mitre.

Sometimes Franciscan habit.

Crown and sceptre at his St. Casimir of Poland, A. D. 1483.

feet, or by his side. Lily.

Royal robes. Young.

Crown. Palm. In the Benedictine St. Flavia, Martyr, A. D. 540.

groups.

Crown of Thorns. Stigmata. St. Catherine of Siena, A. D. 1380.

Lily. Dominican habit.

Crown of Thorns in his St. Louis IX., King of France,

hand. Sword. Sceptre. A. D. 1270.

Crown. Franciscan habit

or royal robes.

Crowns, three, embroidered St. Charlemagne, A. D. 814.

on his robe. Globe. Cross.

In armour. Ermine mantle.

Crucifix wreathed with a St. Nicholas of Tolentino,

lily. Star on his breast. A. D. 1309.

Gospel. Augustine habit.

Crucifix. Sometimes wings. St. Vincent Ferraris, A. D. 1419.

Dominican habit.

Crucifix. Lily. Surplice St. Francis Xavier, A. D. 1552.

over black habit. Patron saint of India.

Crucifix. Pyx. Dominican habit. St. Hyacinth, A. D. 1257.

Crutch, sometimes with a St. Anthony, Hermit, A. D. 357.

bell suspended from it.

Hog. Asperges. Flames

of fire in the background.

Skull. Crucifix. Monk’s

habit.

Crutch. Long white beard. St. Romualdo, A. D. 1027.

White habit. Founder of the Order of

Camaldolesi, reformed

Benedictines.

Cup, with serpent. Eagle. St. John, Apostle and Evangelist.

Pen. Book.

Cup, or pitcher broken. Thorn St. Benedict, A. D. 543.

bush. Broken sieve. Raven Founder of the Benedictine

with a loaf in its beak. Order.

Asperges. Mitre. Staff.

Black habit.

Cup, broken. Palm. St. Donato of Arezzo, Martyr.

Cup, and sponge with drops St. Pudentiana, A. D. 148.

of blood.

Cup and wafer. Tower with St. Barbara, Virgin Martyr,

three windows. Book. A. D. 303. Patron saint

Sword. Palm. Feather. of Ferrara, and Mantua,

armourers, fortifications,

and against thunder and

lightning.

Dates, cluster of, on palm. St. Ansano, Martyr. Patron

Cross. Young. Richly saint of Siena.

dressed.

Demon, bound. Beehive. St. Bernard of Clairvaux, A. D.

Pen, papers, ink-horn. 1153. Founder of the

White habit. Three mitres Cistercian Order of Reformed

on a book, or at his feet. Benedictines.

Demon trying to blow out a St. Gudula, A. D. 712. Patron

lantern. saint of Brussels.

Demon, holding bellows, and St. Geneviève, A. D. 509.

trying to blow out lighted Patron saint of Paris.

taper. Distaff. Sheep.

Spindle. Book. Sometimes

basket of provisions.

Dish. Pilgrim’s habit, old St. Alexis, A. D. 400. Patron

and worn. Cross. Palm. saint of pilgrims and beggars.

Dish, eyes on. Lamp. Awl. St. Lucy, Virgin Martyr, A. D. 303.

Sword or wound in her Patron saint of Syracuse

neck from which stream and against diseases

rays of light. Palm. of the eye.

Dog, with a torch in its St. Dominick, A. D. 1221.

mouth. Lily. Book. Founder of the Dominican Order.

Star on his forehead. Rosary.

Dominican habit.

Dog. Pilgrim’s habit. Staff. St. Roch, A. D. 1327. Patron

Wallet and cockle-shell. saint of prisoners, and those

Pointing to wound in his stricken with plague.

leg.

Dog at her feet. Checkered habit. St. Margaret of Cortona, A. D. 1297.

Dove. Lily. Benedictine habit. St. Scholastica, sister of St.

Benedict, A. D. 543.

Dove on his shoulder or St. Gregory, A. D. 604. One

close to his ear. Pope’s of the Four Latin Fathers

robes. Tiara. Crozier of the Church.

with double cross. Book.

Dragon at his feet. In armour. St. George, Martyr, A. D. 303.

Standard. Lance. Palm. Patron saint of England,

Germany, Venice,

soldiers and armourers.

Dragon, small, its mouth St. Sylvester, Pope, A. D. 335.

bound with threads. Bull.

Holding or pointing to the

portraits of St. Peter and

St. Paul. Pope’s robes.

Mitre. Sometimes triple

tiara.

Dragon under his feet. In St. Theodore, Martyr, A. D. 319.

armour. Patron saint of Venice.

Dragon at his feet. Bishop’s St. Mercuriale, second century.

robes. Bishop of Forli.

Dragon under her feet. St. Margaret, Virgin Martyr,

Crown. Cross. Palm. A. D. 306.

Dragon, bound at her feet. St. Martha of Bethany, A. D. 84.

Asperges. Pot of holy Patron saint of cooks

water. Bunch of keys. and housewives.

Skimmer or ladle.

Dragon, driving into the sea. St. Pol-de-Léon, A. D. 573.

Bell. Sometimes loaf and

cruse.

Eagle by her side. Lion. St. Prisca, Virgin Martyr,

Palm. A. D. 275.

Eagle. Sometimes cup with St. John the Evangelist.

serpent. Pen. Book.

Eyes, on a dish. Sword or St. Lucy, Virgin Martyr, A. D. 303.

wound in her neck. Lamp. Patron saint of Syracuse,

Palm. and against diseases

of the eye.

Eyes, two, on a book. Crozier, St. Ottilia, Martyr, A. D. 720.

or palm. Benedictine habit. Patron saint of Alsace, and

Strasburg, and against diseases

of the eye.

Face of Christ on a napkin. St. Veronica, Martyr.

Falcon. In armour, or as a St. Bavon, A. D. 657. Patron

hermit praying in a hollow saint of Ghent, and Haarlem.

tree. Huge stone.

Fetters and chains. Crozier. St. Leonard, A. D. 559. Patron

Book. Deacon’s dress, or saint of prisoners, and

Benedictine habit. captives.

Fetters and chains in her St. Balbina, A. D. 130. She

hand. Found only in Rome. was the daughter of the

Prefect Quirinus, and discovered

the lost chains of

St. Peter.

Finger on his lip. Sometimes St. John Nepomuck, A. D. 1393.

with mouth padlocked. Patron saint of

Five stars over his head. bridges, and running water,

of silence, and against

slander.

Fire near him or in the background. St. Anthony, Hermit, A. D. 357.

Crutch with bell.

Hog. Asperges. Skull.

Crucifix. Monk’s habit.

Fire, throwing water on a St. Florian, Martyr. Patron

burning house. Millstone. saint of Austria.

Fish. Keys. Cross. Cock. St. Peter, Apostle and Martyr.

Fish with a key in its mouth. St. Benno, A. D. 1100.

Bishop’s robes.

Fish. Bishop’s robes. St. Ulrich, A. D. 973. Patron

saint of Augsburg.

Fish suspended from his crozier. St. Zeno, A. D. 380. Patron

Bishop’s robes. saint of Verona.

Fish at his feet. Bishop’s robes. St. Corentin of Brittany, A. D. 495.

Flame of Fire in his hand St. Anthony of Padua, A. D. 1231.

or on his breast. Infant

Christ in his arms or on

his book. Lily. Crucifix.

Mule kneeling. Franciscan

habit.

Fleur-de-Lys embroidered St. Louis of Toulouse, A. D. 1297.

on Bishop’s robes. Mitre.

Crown and sceptre at his

feet. Young and beardless.

Sometimes Franciscan habit.

Fleur-de-Lys embroidered on St. Louis IX., King of France,

royal robes. Crown and A. D. 1270.

sceptre at his feet. Holding

crown of thorns. Sometimes

Franciscan habit.

Flowers, three. Swan. Carthusian St. Hugh of Lincoln, A. D. 1126.

habit.

Fork, two-pronged. Lictor’s St. Martina, Virgin Martyr,

axe. A. D. 230.

Fountain. Sometimes head St. Alban, A. D. 305. England’s

in his hand. Sword. protomartyr.

Globe and cross. Three St. Charlemagne, A. D. 814.

crowns embroidered on his

robe. In armour. Ermine mantle.

Goose. Dividing his cloak St. Martin of Tours, A. D. 397.

with a beggar. Beggar at Patron saint of Tours,

his feet. Sometimes as and Lucca, and of penitent

soldier, or in Bishop’s robes. drunkards.

Gridiron. Deacon’s robes. St. Laurence, A. D. 258. Patron

Sometimes gridiron embroidered saint of Nuremberg,

on his robe. Palm. and Genoa.

Hair and beard long. Half-naked. St. Paul, the Hermit of

Very old. Sometimes Thebes, A. D. 344.

a raven near.

Halberd (in Germany). St. Jude or Thaddeus, Apostle

and Martyr.

Harrow. Bishop’s robes. St. Frediano of Lucca, A. D. 560.

Hat, Cardinal’s, near. Sometimes St. Jerome, A. D. 420. One

Cardinal’s robes. of the Four Latin Fathers

Old. Wasted. Long beard. of the Church.

Books. Skull. Crucifix.

Lion. Church in his hand.

Hat, Cardinal’s, hanging on St. Bonaventura, A. D. 1274.

a tree or at his feet. Angel

with pyx. Book. Cardinal’s

robes, or Franciscan habit.

Hawk. Shield with nine balls. St. Quirinus the Tribune,

A. D. 130.

Head, blood flowing from, St. Peter Martyr, A. D. 1252.

or pierced by an axe or

sword. Palm. Crucifix.

Dominican habit.

Head, blood flowing from, or St. Thomas à Becket, A. D. 1170.

pierced by a sword. Benedictine

habit or Bishop’s robes.

Head of a man under her St. Catherine of Alexandria,

feet. Wheel. Crown. Virgin Martyr, A. D. 307.

Palm. Book. Receiving Patron saint of Venice,

ring from the Christ-Child. philosophy, science, students,

and against diseases

of the tongue.

Head, carrying his own. St. Clair, Martyr, third century.

Found only in Rouen.

Head, carrying in both hands, St. Proculus, Martyr, A. D. 303.

or axe in his hand, or angel Patron saint of Bologna.

holding an axe. In armour.

Sword.

Head in his hand. Sword. St. Alban, A. D. 305. England’s

Fountain. protomartyr.

Head, carrying his own. Bishop’s St. Denis, Martyr, first century.

robes.

Head, carrying her own. Palm. St. Valerie, Martyr.

Head, carrying St. Alexander’s, St. Grata, A. D. 300.

accompanied by St. Adelaide

as Queen with a veil,

St. Lupo with crown, and

St. Alexander in armour. Palm.

Heart, flaming or transfixed St. Augustine, A. D. 430. One

by an arrow. Infant by the of the Four Latin Fathers of

seashore. Book in his hand the Church.

or at his feet. Bishop’s

robes. Mitre. Crozier.

Heart with I. H. S. Angel St. Theresa, A. D. 1582.

with flame-tipped arrow. Patron saint of Spain.

Dove. Lily. Crucifix. Founder of the Scalzi,

Carmelite habit. reformed Carmelites.

Heart, crowned by thorns. St. Ignatius Loyola, A. D.

I. H. S. in the skies, or on 1556. Founder of the

a tablet borne by angels. Jesuit Order.

Hermit praying in a hollow St. Bavon, A. D. 657. Patron

tree, or as a prince in saint of Ghent and Haarlem.

armour, with falcon in his

hand. Huge stone.

Hind, pierced by an arrow, St. Giles, Hermit, A. D. 725.

in his arms or at his feet. Patron saint of Edinburgh,

Old. Benedictine habit. of woods, cripples, beggars,

lepers.

Hog. Bell and crutch. Asperges. St. Anthony, Hermit, A. D. 357.

Flames of fire in Patron saint against

the background. Skull. fire, here and hereafter.

Crucifix. Monk’s habit.

Horses, tied to wild. Bunch St. Hippolytus, Martyr, A. D. 258.

of keys. Sometimes iron The jailer of St. Laurence.

comb. In armour.

I. H. S. on a tablet surrounded St. Bernardino of Siena, A. D. 1444.

by rays. Sometimes three Founder of the Order of

mitres, or three mounds Observants, reformed Franciscans.

surmounted by a standard

or cross. Franciscan habit.

I. H. S. on heart. Angel with St. Theresa, A. D. 1582.

flame-tipped arrow. Dove. Patron saint of Spain.

Lily. Crucifix. Carmelite Founder of the Scalzi,

habit. reformed Carmelites.

I. H. S. in the sky, or on a St. Ignatius Loyola, A. D. 1556.

tablet borne by angels. Founder of the Jesuits.

Heart crowned by thorns.

Instruments, surgical. Box St. Cosmo and St. Damian,

of ointment. Two men in Martyrs, A. D. 301. Patron

red robes. Palms. saints of medicine, and the

Medici family.

Javelin, with the point reversed. St. Filomena, Martyr, A. D. 303.

Lily. Palm.

Javelin or lance at his feet. St. Lambert, Martyr, A. D. 709.

Palm. Bishop’s robes.

Javelins. Lily. Crown. St. Miniato, Martyr, A. D. 254.

T-shaped cross. Palm.

Scarlet robe.

Judge or Doctor of Laws. St. Ives of Bretagne, A. D. 1303.

Sometimes surrounded by Patron saint of lawyers.

widows and orphans. Sometimes

wears the Franciscan

cord around his furred robe.

Keys. Fish. Cross. Cock. St. Peter, Apostle and Martyr.

Keys at her girdle. Dragon St. Martha of Bethany, A. D. 84.

bound at her feet. Pot of Patron saint of cooks

holy water. Asperges. and housewives.

Skimmer or ladle.

Knife. Sometimes carrying St. Bartholomew, Apostle and

his own skin. Martyr.

Knife, shoemaker’s, or awl. St. Crispin and St. Crispianus,

Palm. Two saints together. Martyrs, A. D. 300. Patron

saints of Soissons.

Labarum or Standard of the St. Constantine, A. D. 335.

Cross. As Roman Emperor

or warrior.

Lamb. Reed cross. Scroll. St. John the Baptist. Patron

Camel’s hair garment. saint of Florence, and all

who are baptised.

Lamb. Hair as a cloak. St. Agnes, Virgin Martyr,

Olive branch. Crown. Palm. A. D. 304.

Lamb. Stigmata. Lily. St. Francis of Assisi, A. D. 1226.

Skull. Crucifix. Franciscan habit. Founder of the Franciscan Order.

Lamp. Eyes on a dish. Sword St. Lucy, Virgin Martyr, A. D. 303.

or wound in her neck. Palm. Patron saint of Syracuse, and against

diseases of the eye.

Lily. Crutch or stick. St. Joseph, husband of the

Blessed Virgin.

Lily. Lamb. Stigmata. St. Francis of Assisi, A. D. 1226.

Skull. Crucifix. Franciscan habit. Founder of the Franciscan Order.

Lily. Flame of fire in his St. Anthony of Padua, A. D. 1231.

hand or on his breast.

Infant Christ in his arms

or on his book. Mule kneeling.

Crucifix. Franciscan

habit.

Lily. Star on his forehead. St. Dominick, A. D. 1221.

Dog with torch in its mouth. Founder of the Dominican Order.

Rosary. Book. Dominican habit.

Lily. Crown and sceptre St. Casimir of Poland, A. D. 1483.

at his feet. Royal robes. Young.

Lily. Crucifix. Surplice over St. Francis Xavier, A. D. 1552.

black habit. Patron saint of India.

Lily. Pyx. Cross. Franciscan St. Clara, A. D. 1253. Founder

habit. Black veil. of the Order of Poor Clares,

Franciscan nuns.

Lily. Crown of thorns. St. Catherine of Siena, A. D. 1380.

Stigmata. Dominican habit.

Lily. Sword. Palm. Lion St. Euphemia, Virgin Martyr,

at her side. A. D. 307.

Lion, generally winged. St. Mark, Evangelist and Martyr.

Bishop’s robes. Book.

Lion. Old, ragged, wasted. St. Jerome, A. D. 420. One

Long beard. Skull. Crucifix. of the Four Latin Fathers

Book, or Cardinal’s of the Church. Founder of

robes. Church in his hand. Monachism in the West.

Cardinal’s hat near. Patron saint of scholars.

Millstone. In armour. St. Victor of Marseilles, Martyr,

A. D. 303.

Millstone. Throwing water St. Florian. A patron saint

on a burning house. of Austria.

Millstone. Crown. Arrows. Palm. St. Christina, Martyr, A. D. 295.

Patron saint of Bolsena and Venice.

Mitres, three, on a book St. Bernard of Clairvaux, A. D. 1153.

or at his feet. Beehive. Founder of the

Ink-horn, pen, and papers. Cistercians, reformed Benedictines.

Demon bound. White habit.

Mitres, three. I. H. S. on St. Bernardino of Siena, A. D. 1444.

a tablet surrounded by Founder of the

rays. Three mounds surmounted Order of Observants, reformed

by the Standard Franciscans.

or Cross. Franciscan habit.

Moor, in armour, or with St. Maurice, Martyr, A. D. 286.

eagle on banner and shield. Patron saint of

Large red cross on his breast. Austria, Mantua, Savoy,

and of foot-soldiers.

Moor, in armour. St. Victor of Milan, Martyr,

A. D. 303.

Mule kneeling. Flame in his St. Anthony of Padua, A. D. 1231.

hand or on his breast.

Infant Christ in his arms

or on his book. Crucifix.

Lily. Franciscan habit.

Musical instruments. Crown St. Cecilia, Virgin Martyr,

of red and white roses. A. D. 280. Patron saint

Angel. Palm. Scroll of music. of music and musicians.

Nun. Crozier. Pilgrim’s St. Bridget of Sweden, A. D.

staff. Dove. Black and 1373. Founder of the

white habit. White veil Order of Brigittines.

with red band across the

forehead.

Otter by his side. Bishop’s St. Cuthbert of Durham, A. D. 687.

robes. Crowned head of

King Oswald in his arms.

Ox (winged). Book. Portrait St. Luke, Evangelist, Martyr.

of the Virgin.

Ox at his feet. Small dragon St. Sylvester, Pope, A. D. 335.

in his hand. Sometimes

portraits of St. Peter and

St. Paul. Pope’s or Bishop’s

robes.

Pincers, holding a tooth. St. Apollonia of Alexandria,

Palm. Virgin Martyr, A. D. 250.

Patron saint against toothache.

Pincers, holding tongue in. St. Lieven, Martyr, A. D. 656.

Bishop’s robes.

Ploughshares, walking over. St. Cunegunda of Bavaria,

Church in her hand. Royal A. D. 1040.

robes.

Pots, earthenware. Sometimes St. Justa and St. Rufina, Martyrs,

the Giralda (tower) A. D. 304.

of Seville between them.

Two young girls with

palms.

Priests, two. Palms. St. Peter Exorcista and St.

Marcellinus, Martyrs, A. D. 304.

Pyx. Cross. Lily. Franciscan St. Clara, A. D. 1253. Founder

habit. Black veil. of the Poor Clares, Franciscan nuns.

Raven with a loaf in its beak. St. Benedict, A. D. 543.

Broken pitcher or cup. Founder of the Benedictine

Broken sieve. Thorn bush. Order.

Asperges. Mitre and staff.

Black habit, sometimes white.

Raven. Very old. Half St. Paul the Hermit of Thebes,

naked. Long hair and beard. A. D. 344.

Raven or crow sometimes on St. Vincent, Martyr, A. D. 304.

a millstone. Palm. Young. Patron saint of

Deacon’s dress. Valencia, Saragossa, Lisbon,

Milan, and Chalons.

Ring. Royal robes. Sceptre St. Edward the Confessor,

surmounted by a dove. A. D. 1066.

Rope around his neck. Barefooted. St. Charles Borromeo, A. D. 1584.

Cardinal’s robes. Archbishop of Milan.

Roses, red and white, in her St. Elizabeth of Hungary, A. D. 1231.

lap. Cripple or beggar at

her feet. Sometimes three

crowns. Royal robes or

Franciscan habit.

Roses, crown of red and white. St. Cecilia, Virgin Martyr,

Angel. Palm. Musical A. D. 280. Patron saint

instruments. Organ. of music and musicians.

Roses, crown of, or in her St. Dorothea of Cappadocia,

hand. Angel holding basket Virgin Martyr, A. D. 303.

with three apples and three

roses. Palm.

Roses falling from his mouth. St. Angelus the Carmelite,

White over brown habit. A. D. 1220.

Roses, chaplet of. Franciscan habit. St. Rosa di Viterbo, A. D. 1261.

Rule, builder’s or carpenter’s. St. Thomas, Apostle and Martyr.

Patron saint of builders

and architects.

Saw. St. Simon Zelotes, Apostle., Martyr.

Scourge with three knotted St. Ambrose, A. D. 397. One

thongs. Beehive. Two of the Four Latin Fathers

human bones. Books. of the Church. Patron

Bishop’s robes. Mitre. Crozier. saint of Milan.

Sea, walking over, or in the St. Raymond of Peñaforte,

background. Dominican habit. A. D. 1275.

Serpents at her side or St. Verdiana, A. D. 242.

feeding from a basket.

Seven youths surrounding St. Felicitas and her seven

her. Palm. Veil. sons, Martyrs, A. D. 173.

Patron saint of male heirs.

Shears. Dish with female St. Agatha, Virgin Martyr,

breast. Palm. Veil. A. D. 251. Patron saint

of Malta and Catania, and

against fire and diseases of

the breast.

Skin, carrying his own. Knife. St. Bartholomew, Apostle. Martyr.

Skull. Stigmata. Lily. St. Francis of Assisi, A. D. 1226.

Crucifix. Lamb. Franciscan habit. Founder of the Franciscan Order.

Spade. Old. St. Phocas of Sinope, Martyr,

A. D. 303. Patron saint

of gardens and gardeners.

Spear or lance. Roman soldier. St. Longinus, A. D. 45. The

centurion at the crucifixion.

Patron saint of Mantua.

Spider over a cup. Sometimes St. Norbert, A. D. 1134.

demon bound. White Founder of the Order of

over black habit. Premonstratensians.

Stag. Hunting horn. Richly St. Julian Hospitator, A. D. 313.

attired. River and boat Patron saint of boatmen,

in the background. travellers, and wandering minstrels.

Stag with crucifix between St. Eustace, Martyr, A. D. 118.

its horns. In armour.

Stag with crucifix between St. Hubert, A. D. 727. Bishop

its horns. Hunting horn. of Liège. Patron saint of

Book. Huntsman’s dress, the chase and of dogs.

or Bishop’s robes. (Seldom

found in Italy.)

Star on his forehead. Dog St. Dominick, A. D. 1221.

with torch in its mouth. Founder of the Dominican Order.

Lily. Rosary. Book.

Dominican habit.

Star. Five around his head. St. John Nepomuck, A. D. 1393.

Finger or padlock on his lip. Patron saint of

bridges and running water,

of silence, and against slander.

Star on his breast. Crucifix St. Nicholas of Tolentino,

wreathed with a lily. Gospel. A. D. 1309.

Augustine habit.

Stigmata. Lily. Lamb. St. Francis of Assisi, A. D. 1226.

Crucifix. Franciscan habit. Founder of the Franciscan Order.

Stones. Palm. Deacon’s St. Stephen, Protomartyr.

robes.

Stones, chasuble full of. St. Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Sun on his breast. Books. St. Thomas Aquinas, A. D. 1274.

Sacramental cup. Dove.

Sword, sometimes two swords. St. Paul, Apostle, Martyr.

Book. Scroll.

Sword. Shield. Spear. St. Michael the Archangel.

Scales. Winged. In armour.

Dragon under his foot.

Sword at his feet. Palm or St. Pantaleon of Nicomedia,

olive. As martyr bound or Martyr, fourth century.

hands nailed over his head Patron saint of physicians.

to a tree. Young. Beardless.

Sword or axe in his head, or St. Peter, Martyr, A. D. 1252.

gash in his head, blood

trickling from it. Palm.

Dominican habit.

Sword. Tower with three St. Barbara, Virgin Martyr,

windows. Feather. Cup A. D. 303. Patron saint of

and wafer. Crown. Palm. Mantua and Ferrara, arms,

armourers, and fortifications,

and against thunder

and lightning.

Sword through her breast. St. Justina of Padua, Virgin

Crown. Palm. Martyr, A. D. 303. Patron

saint of Padua and Venice.

T, blue, on his shoulder. St. Anthony the Hermit, A. D. 357.

Crutch and bell. Asperges.

Hog. Flames of fire. Skull.

Crucifix. Monk’s habit.

Tower with three windows. St. Barbara, Virgin Martyr,

Crown. Sword. Feather. A. D. 303. Patron saint

Cup and wafer. Palm. of Mantua and Ferrara,

armourers, and fortifications,

and against thunder

and lightning.

Tree coming into leaf. Bishop’s robes. St. Zenobio of Florence, A. D. 417.

Two men in red robes and St. Cosmo and St. Damian,

caps. Surgical instruments. Martyrs, A. D. 301. Patron

Box of ointment. saints of medicine, and the

Medici family.

Two men, one old, the other St. Nazarius and St. Celsus,

young. Sword. Palm. Martyrs, A. D. 69. Patron

saints of Milan.

Two men in armour. Palms. St. John and St. Paul, brothers

(SS. Giovanni e Paolo),

Martyrs. A. D. 362.

Unicorn at her feet. Palm. St. Justina of Antioch, Virgin

(See St. Cyprian.) Martyr, A. D. 304.

Vase or box of ointment. St. Mary Magdalene, A. D. 68.

Long fair hair. Skull. Patron saint of Marseilles,

Crucifix. Provence, and of

frail and penitent women.

Wheel. Crown. Palm. St. Catherine of Alexandria,

Sometimes trampling on Virgin Martyr, A. D. 307.

a pagan. Book. Sword. Patron saint of Venice, colleges,

Receiving ring from the philosophy, science,

Christ-Child. eloquence, and against diseases

of the tongue.

Wheel, small. Candle in his St. Erasmus or Elmo, A. D. 296.

hands or on his head.

Bishop’s robes.

Wings. Crucifix. Dominican habit. St. Vincent Ferraris, A. D. 1419.

Wolf. A boy with a palm. St. Vitus, Martyr, A. D. 303.

Sometimes a lion, or caldron Patron saint of Saxony,

of oil. Cock. Bohemia, and Sicily, of

actors and dancers, against

nervous diseases, and late rising.

Wound, pointing to, in his leg. St. Roch, A. D. 1327. Patron

Dog. Pilgrim’s habit. saint of prisoners and the

Wallet. Cockleshell. Staff. sick, especially the plague-stricken.

Wound in her neck, rays St. Lucy, Virgin Martyr, A. D. 303.

streaming from it. Lamp. Patron saint of Syracuse,

Sword. Palm. Sometimes and against diseases

eyes on a dish. of the eye.