Front matter (continued 15)

Tripennate, trī-pen′āt, adj. (bot.) three-winged. [L. tri, tris, thrice, penna, a wing.]

Tripersonal, trī-pėr′sun-al, adj. consisting of three persons.—ns. Triper′sonalist, a believer in the Trinity; Tripersonal′ity.

Tripetalous, trī-pet′al-us, adj. (bot.) having three petals or flower-leaves. [Gr. treis, three, petalon, a leaf.]

Triphane, trī′fān, n. spodumene.

Triphthong, trif′thong, n. a combination of three vowels to form one sound.—adj. Triphthong′al. [Gr. treis, three, phthongos, sound.]

Triphyllous, trī-fil′us, adj. (bot.) three-leaved. [Gr. tri, tris, thrice, phyllon, a leaf.]

Triphysite, trif′i-sīt, n. one of a Spanish sect of the 7th century who maintained the existence of three natures in Christ—the human, the divine, and a third resulting from the union of the other two. [Gr. treis, three, physis, nature.]

Tripinnate, trī-pin′āt, adj. trebly pinnate.

Tripitaka, tri-pit′a-ka, n. the whole body of the northern Buddhist canonical writings, comprising the three divisions of Sutras, or discourses of the Buddha for the laity; Vinaya, or discipline for the order; and Abhidharma, or metaphysics. [Sans. tri, three, pitaka, basket.]

Triple, trip′l, adj. consisting of three united: three times repeated: (Shak.) third.—v.t. to treble.—adjs. Trip′le-crowned, having three crowns: wearing the triple crown, as the pope; Trip′le-head′ed, having three heads.—n. Trip′let, three of a kind, or three united: three lines rhyming together: (mus.) a group of three notes occupying the time of two, indicated by a slur and the figure 3: (coll.) one of three children born at one birth.—adj. Trip′le-turned (Shak.), three times faithless.—n. Trī′plex, triple time in music.—adj. Trip′licate, threefold: made thrice as much.—n. a third copy or thing corresponding to two others of the same kind.—v.t. to make threefold.—ns. Triplicā′tion, act of making threefold or adding three together; Triplic′ity, the state of being threefold: tripleness: (Spens.) a triad: (astrol.) the division of the signs according to the number of the elements.—adv. Trip′ly.—Triple Alliance, the league of England, Sweden, and the Netherlands formed against France in 1668: the alliance of Britain, France, and Holland against Spain in 1717: the alliance between Germany, Austria, and Italy, formed in 1883, and directed to check French or Russian aggression; Triple crown (her.), see Tiara; Triple time (mus.), time or rhythm of three beats, or of three times three beats, in a bar.—The Triple Event, winning the Oaks, St Leger, and Derby. [Fr.,—L. tri-plus—tri-, tres, three, -plus, akin to Eng. -fold.]

Tripod, trī′pod, n. anything on three feet or legs, as a stool, &c.—adj. having three legs or supports.—adj. Trip′odal. [Gr. tripous, tripodos—tri, treis, three, pous, foot.]

Tripoli, trip′ō-li, n. a mineral substance employed in polishing metals, marble, glass, &c. [Orig. brought from Tripoli in Africa.]

Tripos, trī′pos, n. a university examination for honours at Cambridge: the list of successful candidates in an honours examination at Cambridge: a tripod. [Prob. traceable to the custom by which a B.A., known as Mr Tripos, sat on a three-legged stool and disputed in the Philosophy School at Cambridge on Ash Wednesday, his speech being called the Tripos speech.]

Trippant, trip′ant, adj. (her.) represented as walking or trotting.

Tripping, trip′ing, n. the act of tripping: a light kind of dance.—adv. Tripp′ingly, in a tripping manner: with a light, quick step.—n. Tripp′ingness.

Tripsacum, trip′sa-kum, n. a genus of American grasses, including the gama-grass.

Tripsis, trip′sis, n. pulverisation: the process of shampooing. [Gr.,—tribein, to rub.]

Triptote, trip′tōt, n. a noun used in three cases only. [Fr.,—Gr. triptōton—treis, three, ptōtos, falling,—piptein, to fall.]

Triptych, trip′tik, n. a set of tablets consisting of three leaves, each painted with a distinct subject, but joined together by hinges, and capable of being folded so as to present a new face. [Gr. tri, thrice, ptyx, ptychos, a fold, a leaf—ptyssein, to fold.]

Tripudium, trī-pū′di-um, n. among the Romans, a religious dance, also a mode of divination based on observation of the action of birds feeding.—adj. Tripū′diary.—n. Tripudiā′tion, dancing. [L., prob. from tres, three, pes, pedis, foot.]

Triquetrous, trī-kwet′rus, adj. three-sided: triangular—also Triquet′ral.—n. Triquet′ra, an ornament consisting of three interlaced arcs, common in early art in northern Europe.—adv. Triquet′rously.—n. Triquet′rum, one of the triangular Wormian bones in the lambdoid suture of the skull. [L. tres, three, -quetrus, prob. a mere formative.]

Triradiate, trī-rā′di-āt, adj. radiating in three directions.—adv. Trirā′dially.

Trireme, trī′rēm, n. an ancient galley—esp. a war-galley—having three banks or rows of oars. [Fr.,—L. triremis—tri, tres, three, remus, an oar.]

Trisagion, tri-sā′gi-on, n. a hymn used in the early and Oriental Churches, and in the Greek Church, consisting of the words 'O Holy God, holy and mighty, holy and immortal, have mercy on us.' The name is often applied erroneously to the Tersanctus. [Gr. tris, thrice, hagios, holy.]

Trisect, trī-sekt′, v.t. to cut or divide into three equal parts.—n. Trisec′tion, the division of anything, as an angle, into three equal parts. [L. tri, thrice, secāre, sectum, to cut.]

Triseme, trī′sēm, adj. and n. consisting of three semeia, equal to three short syllables, as the tribrach, iambic, and trochee.—Also Trisē′mic. [Gr. treis, three, sēma, a sign.]

Trisepalous, trī-sep′al-us, adj. (bot.) having three sepals.

Triserial, trī-sē′ri-al, adj. in three rows or series—also Trisē′riate.—advs. Trisē′rially, in three series; Triseriā′tim, in three rows, triserially.

Trisetum, trī-sē′tum, n. a genus of grasses, of the tribe Aveneæ, mostly perennial tufted grasses with flat leaves and shining spikelets. [L. tres, three, setum, a bristle.]

Trisinuate, trī-sin′ū-āt, adj. having three sinuses, as a margin.

Triskele, tris′kēl, n. a three-armed cross, the fylfot. [Gr. treis, three, skelos, a leg.]

Trismegistus, tris-me-gis′tus, adj. thrice greatest, an epithet used only in 'Hermes Trismegistus,' the Greek name of the Egyptian god Thoth, originator of Egyptian culture, the god of writing, of religion, and of the arts and sciences.

Trismus, tris′mus, n. tetanic spasm of the muscles of mastication, lockjaw. [Gr.,—trizein, to gnash.]

Trisoctahedron, tris-ok′ta-hē-dron, n. a solid bounded by twenty-four equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron.

Trispermous, trī-sper′mus, adj. three-seeded.—n. Trisper′mum, a poultice made of the crushed seeds of cummin, bay, and smallage.

Trisplanchnic, trī-splangk′nik, adj. pertaining to the viscera of the three great cavities of the body, the cranial, thoracic, and abdominal. [Gr. treis, three, splangchna, viscera.]

Trisporic, trī-spor′ik, adj. having three spores.—Also Trispō′rous.

Tristesse, tris-tes′, n. (arch.) sadness.—adjs. Trist, Trist′ful. (Shak.), sad, sorrowful, gloomy.—adv. Trist′fully. [Fr. triste—L. tristis, sad.]

Tristichous, tris′ti-kus, adj. (bot.) grouped in three rows. [Gr. treis, three, stichos, a row.]

Tristigmatic, trī-stig-mat′ik, adj. having three stigmas.—Also Tristig′matōse.

Tristylous, trī-stī′lus, adj. (bot.) having three styles.

Trisula, tri-sōō′la, n. the trident of Siva.—Also Trisul′.

Trisulcate, trī-sul′kāt, adj. having three forks or prongs: (bot.) having three furrows. [L. trisulcus—tri, tris, thrice, sulcus, a furrow.]

Trisyllable, trī-, or tri-sil′a-bl, n. a word of three syllables.—adjs. Trisyllab′ic, -al, pertaining to a trisyllable: consisting of three syllables.—adv. Trisyllab′ically. [Gr. treis, three, syllabē, syllable.]

Tritagonist, tri-tag′on-ist, n. the third actor in the Greek drama. [Gr. tritos, third, agonistēs, an actor.]

Trite, trīt, adj. worn out by use: used till its novelty and interest are lost: hackneyed.—adv. Trite′ly.—n. Trite′ness. [It. trito—L. tritus, rubbed, pa.p. of terĕre, to rub.]

Triternate, trī-ter′nāt, adj. thrice ternate—of a ternate leaf in which each division is divided into three parts, and each of these into three leaflets, thus making twenty-seven, as in some Umbelliferæ:—Also Trip′licate-ter′nate.

Tritheism, trī′thē-izm, n. the doctrine of three Gods: the opinion that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are actually different beings.—n. Trī′theist, one who maintains the doctrine of tritheism.—adjs. Tritheis′tic, -al. [Gr. treis, three, theos, a god.]

Trithionic, trī-thī-on′ik, adj. containing three sulphur atoms.—n. Trithī′ōnāte, a salt of trithionic acid. [Gr. treis, three, theion, sulphur.]

Tritical, trit′i-kal, adj. trite, common.—adv. Trit′ically.—n. Trit′icalness. [Formed from trite, in imitation of critical.]

Triticum, trit′i-kum, n. a genus of grasses including the varieties of wheat.—adj. Tritic′eous. [L. 'wheat'—terĕre, tritum, to rub.]

Tritoma, tri-tō′ma, n. a genus of tufted herbaceous plants belonging to the natural order Liliaceæ.

Triton, trī′ton, n. (myth.) a marine demi-god, one of the trumpeters of Poseidon (Neptune), his trumpet being a wreathed univalve shell: a genus of molluscs with a wreathed univalve shell. [Gr. Trītōn.]

Tritone, trī′tōn, n. an interval in music composed of three whole steps or tones.

Tritorium, trī-tō′ri-um, n. a vessel for separating liquids of different densities.—Also Tritū′rium.

Tritubercular, trī-tū-ber′kū-lar, adj. having three tubercles or cusps—also Trituber′culate.—n. Trituber′culism.

Triturate, trit′ū-rāt, v.t. to rub or grind to a fine powder.—adj. Trit′urable, that may be reduced to a fine powder by grinding.—ns. Triturā′tion; Triturā′tor; Trit′urāture. [Late L. triturāre, -ātum—L. terĕre, to rub.]

Triumph, trī′umf, n. in ancient Rome, a solemn procession in honour of a victorious general: joy for success: victory: (Shak.) a trump card.—v.i. to celebrate a victory with pomp: to rejoice for victory: to obtain victory: to be prosperous: to boast, exult (with over): (Shak.) to shine brightly.—v.t. (Milt.) to boast over.—adj. Trium′phal, pertaining to triumph: used in celebrating victory.—n. (Milt.) a token of victory.—adj. Trium′phant, celebrating or rejoicing for a triumph: expressing joy for success: victorious.—adv. Trium′phantly.—n. Trī′umpher.—adv. Trī′umphingly, in a triumphing manner: with triumph or exultation.—Triumphal arch, an arch erected in connection with the triumph of a Roman general, any decorative arch in public rejoicings, &c.—Church triumphant (see Church). [L. triumphus; akin to Gr. thriambos, a hymn to Bacchus.]

Triumvir, trī-um′vir, n. one of three men in the same office or government:—pl. Trium′virī, Trium′virs.—adj. Trium′viral.—n. Trium′virate (Shak. Trium′viry), an association of three men in office or government, or for any political ends—esp. that of Pompey, Crassus, and Cæsar (60 B.C.), and that of Octavian (Augustus), Mark Antony, and Lepidus (43 B.C.): any trio or triad. [L. trium-, from tres, three, vir, a man.]

Triune, trī′ūn, adj. being three in one.—n. Triū′nity. [Coined from L. tri-, root of tres, three, unus, one.]

Trivalent, trī′vā-lent, or triv′-, adj. equivalent in combining or displacing power to three monad atoms.—n. Trī′valence (or triv′-). [L. tres, three, valens, -entis, pr.p. of valĕre, to be strong.]

Trivalve, trī′valv, adj. having three valves.—Also Trī′valved, Trival′vular.

Trivertebral, trī-ver′tē-bral, adj. composed of three vertebræ.

Trivet, triv′et, n. a stool or other thing supported on three feet: a movable iron frame in a kitchen fire-grate for supporting kettles, &c.—Right as a trivet (coll.), standing steadily like a tripod: perfectly right. [O. Fr. trepied—L. tripes, tripedis—tres, three, pes, a foot.]

Trivial, triv′i-al, adj. that may be found anywhere, of little importance; trifling: common, vernacular.—v.i. Triv′ialise, to render paltry.—ns. Triv′ialism, a trivial matter or remark; Trivial′ity, the state or quality of being trivial: that which is trivial, a trifle.—adv. Triv′ially.—ns. Triv′ialness; Triv′ium, in medieval schools the name given to the first three liberal arts—viz. grammar, rhetoric, and logic. [L. trivialis, (lit.) 'at the cross-roads or public streets'—trivium, a place where three ways meet—tres, three, via, a way.]

Tri-weekly, trī′-wēk′li, adj. once every three weeks: three times a week.

Troad, trōd, n. (Spens.). Same as Trode.

Trocar, trō′kar, n. a surgical instrument used for withdrawing superfluous fluid from the body. [Fr.,—trois, three, carre, side.]

Trochanter, trō-kan′tėr, n. a rough eminence on the outer aspect of the upper part of the thigh-bone for the insertion of various muscles which rotate the thigh outwards: the second joint of an insect's leg.—adjs. Trochantē′rian, Trochanter′ic.—n. Trochan′tin, the lesser trochanter of the femur.—adj. Trochantin′ian. [Gr.,—trechein, to run.]

Troche, trō′kē (better trōch or trōk), n. a lozenge, usually round, of some medicinal ingredients mixed into a paste with sugar and mucilage.—Also Trochisk (trō′kisk), Trochis′cus. [Gr. trochos, a pill.]

Trochee, trō′kē, n. a metrical foot of two syllables, so called from its tripping or joyous character: in Latin verse, consisting of a long and a short, as nūmĕn; in English verse, of an accented and unaccented syllable, as tri′pod.—n. Trochā′ic, a trochaic verse or measure.—adjs. Trochā′ic, -al, consisting of trochees. [Gr., trochaios (pous, foot), running, tripping—trochos, a running—trechein, to run.]

Trochidæ, trok′i-dē, n.pl. a genus of gasteropodous molluscs, the top-shells—the typical genus Trō′chus.—adj. Trō′chiform.

Trochilic, trō-kil′ik, adj. pertaining to rotary motion.

Trochilus, trok′i-lus, n. a genus of humming-birds. [Gr. trochilos.]

Trochite, trō′kīt, n. one of the wheel-like joints of the stem of an encrinite.—adj. Trochit′ic.

Trochiter, trok′i-tėr, n. the greater tuberosity of the humerus, admitting several of the muscles of the shoulders.—adj. Trochitē′rian.

Trochlea, trok′lē-a, n. a pulley-like cartilage through which the superior oblique muscle of the eye-ball passes: in the elbow-joint, the articular surface of the lower extremity of the humerus, grasped by the greater sigmoid cavity of the ulna.—adjs. Troch′lēar, shaped like a pulley; Troch′lēary, relating to the trochlea. [L. trochlea—Gr. trochalia, a pulley.]

Trochoid, trō′koid, n. the curve traced by a fixed point in a wheel which rolls in a right line.—adjs. Trō′choid, -al. [Gr. trochæidēs, round like a wheel—trochos, wheel, eidos, form.]

Troctolite, trok′tō-līt, n. a variety of Gabbro composed of white feldspar and dark olivine.

Trod, trod, n. (obs.) tramp, track.—Hot trod (Scott), the pursuit of moss-troopers. [Tread.]

Trod, Trod′den, pa.t. and pa.p. of tread.

Trode, trōd, n. (Spens.) tread, footing. [Tread.]

Troggs, trogz, n.pl. (Scot.) clothes.—n. Trog′gin, peddlers' goods.

Troglodyte, trog′lō-dīt, n. a cave-dweller.—adjs. Trog′lodyte, Troglodyt′ic, -al, cave-dwelling.—n. Trog′lodytism. [Fr.,—Gr. trōglodytēs—trōglē, a cave, dyein, to enter.]

Trogon, trō′gon, n. one of a family of tropical and esp. South American birds of the order Picariæ, with brilliant plumage—the most celebrated species the Quetzal or Resplendent Trogon of Guatemala.—adj. Trō′gonoid.

Troic, trō′ik, adj. Trojan.

Troika, troi′ka, n. a Russian vehicle having three horses abreast. [Russ. troe, troi, three.]

Trojan, trō′jan, adj. pertaining to ancient Troy.—n. an inhabitant of ancient Troy: (coll.) a plucky fellow: (Shak.) a boon companion.

Troke, trōk, n. (Scot.) exchange: small wares: familiar intercourse.—v.i. to exchange, deal.—n. Trō′king, dealing, making petty bargains, familiar intercourse with. [Truck.]

Troll, trōl, n. in Scandinavian mythology, a supernatural being of small size, dwelling in a cave, hill, &c. [Ice. troll (Ger. droll). Cf. Droll.]

Troll, trōl, v.t. to move circularly: to sing the parts of in succession, as of a catch or round: to angle or fish for in a certain way: to fish for.—v.i. to roll: to move or run about: to sing a catch: to stroll, ramble: to fish, esp. for pike, with rod and line, using revolving lure, artificial or natural, such as spoon-bait, minnow, &c.—n. a moving round, repetition: a round song.—ns. Troll′er; Troll′ey, Troll′y, a costermonger's cart: a metallic roller or pulley used in many electric street-railways in connection with an overhead electric conductor: a small truck running in a furnace, or in mines: lace whose pattern is outlined with a thicker thread or a flat border made up of several such threads; Troll′ing; Troll′ing-bait, -spoon, a metallic revolving lure used in trolling. [O. Fr. troller, trauler (Fr. trôler), to stroll; Old High Ger. trollen, to run.]

Troll-my-dame, trol′-mi-dām, n. (Shak.) an old game.—Also Nine-holes, Pigeon-holes, and Trunks.

Trollol, trol′lol′, v.t. and v.i. to sing, to troll.

Trollop, trol′op, n. (Scot.) a loitering, slatternly woman: a woman negligently dressed: a draggle-tail: a strumpet.—v.i. to draggle: to work in a slovenly way.—adjs. Troll′oping, Troll′opish, Troll′opy. [From troll, in the sense of running about.]

Trombone, trom′bōn, n. a deep-toned brass musical wind instrument of the trumpet kind, consisting of a tube bent twice on itself.—n. Trom′bonist. [It.; augm. of tromba, a trumpet.]

Trommel, trom′el, n. a revolving cylindrical sieve for cleaning or sizing ore. [Ger. trommel, a drum.]

Tromometer, trō-mom′e-tėr, n. an instrument for measuring slight earthquake shocks.—adj. Tromomet′ric. [Gr. tromos, a trembling, metron, a measure.]

Trompe, tromp, n. the apparatus by which the blast is produced in the Catalan forge.—Also Tromp.

Tron, tron, or trōn, n. the most ancient system of weight used in Scotland, the Tron or Trone being a heavy beam or balance set up in the market-place, and employed for the weighing of heavy wares.—n. Tron′age, a royal tax on wool. [O. Fr. trone—L. trutina, a pair of scales.]

Trona, trō′na, n. the native soda of Egypt, a grayish hydrous sodium carbonate. [Natron.]

Troncheon, tron′shun, n. (Spens.) a headless spear.—adj. Tronçonnée (her.), shivered, as a tilting-spear, dismembered. [Truncheon.]

Trone, trōn, n. (prov.) a small drain.

Troop, trōōp, n. a crowd or collection of people: a company: soldiers taken collectively, an army, usually in pl.: a small body of cavalry, forming the unit of formation, consisting usually of sixty men, corresponding to a company of infantry: the command of a troop of horse.—v.i. to collect in numbers: to march in a company, or in haste.—ns. Troop′er, a private cavalry soldier: a cavalry horse: a troop′-ship; Troop′-horse, a cavalry horse; Troop′-ship, a vessel for conveying soldiers.—Trooping the colours, a ceremony performed at the public mounting of garrison guards.—Household troops (see House). [Fr. troupe, prob. through Low L. forms, from L. turba, a crowd.]

Tropæolum, trō-pē′ō-lum, n. a genus of plants, natives of South America, annual or perennial herbs of trailing or climbing habits—Nasturtium, &c. [Gr. tropaios, pertaining to turning.]

Troparion, trō-pā′ri-on, n. in the offices of the Greek Church, a short hymn or a stanza of a hymn:—pl. Tropā′ria. [Gr. tropos, a musical mode.]

Trope, trōp, n. (rhet.) a word or expression changed from its proper sense for emphasis, a figure of speech—-metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony: a short cadence peculiar to Gregorian melodies—also Differentia and Distinctio: formerly, a phrase occasionally interpolated in different parts of the mass: (geom.) the reciprocal of a node.—adj. Trō′pical, figurative.—adv. Trō′pically.—n. Trō′pist, one who uses tropes or who explains Scripture by them.—adjs. Trōpolog′ic, -al, expressed or varied by tropes or figures.—adv. Trōpolog′ically.—v.t. Tropol′ogise, to use as a trope.—n. Trōpol′ogy, a tropical or figurative mode of speech: a treatise on tropes: that interpretation of Scripture which reads moral meanings into any and every passage. [Fr.,—L. tropus—Gr. tropos—trepein, to turn.]

Trophic, -al, trof′ik, -al, adj. pertaining to nutrition and its processes.—adj. Trophē′sial.—n. Troph′esy, deranged nutrition owing to disorder of the motor nerve force pertaining to the nutritive function.—n.pl. Trō′phi, the mouth-parts of an insect—labium, labrum, maxillæ, mandibles, lingua: the teeth of the pharynx of a rotifer. [Gr. trophē, food.]

Trophonian, trō-fō′ni-an, adj. pertaining to Trophonius, the mythical builder of the temple of Apollo at Delphi and the treasury of King Hyrieus in Bœotia.

Trophotropism, trof′ō-trō-pizm, n. the movements of the organs in a growing plant, as towards nutrient substances, induced by the chemical nature of its surroundings.—adj. Trophotrop′ic. [Gr. trophē, food, trepein, to turn.]

Trophy, trō′fi, n. a memorial of a victory, consisting of a pile of arms erected on the field of battle: anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory: something that is evidence of victory: an ornamental group of weapons, flags, memorials of the chase, &c.—v.t. to adorn with trophies.—adj. Trō′phied, adorned with trophies. [Fr. trophée—L. tropæum—Gr. tropaion—tropē, a turning—trepein, to turn.]

Tropic, trop′ik, n. one of the two circles on the celestial sphere, 23° 28′ on each side of the equator, where the sun turns, as it were, after reaching its greatest declination north or south: one of two circles on the terrestrial globe corresponding to these: (pl.) the regions lying between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.—adjs. Trop′ic, -al, pertaining to the tropics: being within or near the tropics.—adv. Trop′ically.—n. Trop′ic-bird, a genus of bird the family Phaëthontidæ, usually seen in tropical regions. [Through L. tropicus, from Gr. tropikos, relating to a turning—tropos, a turning.]

Troppo, trop′pō, adj. (mus.) too much: excessively. [It.; cf. Fr. trop, too much.]

Trossers, tros′ėrz, n. (Shak.) a form of trousers.

Trot, trot, v.i. to go, lifting the feet quicker and higher than in walking: to walk or move fast: to run.—v.t. to ride at a trot:—pr.p. trot′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. trot′ted.—n. the pace of a horse or other quadruped when trotting: a toddling child: (slang) a crib, translation.—ns. Trot′ter, one that trots: a trotting-horse: the foot of an animal, as a sheep: (slang) the human foot; Trottoir (trot-wor′), a footway at the side of a street.—Trot out, to exhibit the paces of: to show. [O. Fr. trotter, troter—Low L. trotāre, to go; prob. from Old High Ger. trottōn, freq. of tretan, to tread.]

Trot, trot, n. (Shak.) an old woman.

Trot-cosy, trot′-kō′zi, n. (Scot.) a covering to keep the neck and head warm in travelling, drawn over the head and hat, and buttoned beneath the chin.

Troth, troth, or trōth, n. truth, confidence: faith: fidelity.—v.t. to plight.—adj. Troth′-plight (Shak.), betrothed, affianced.—n. betrothal.—n. Troth′-ring, a betrothal ring. [A.S. treówth.]

Troubadour, trōō′ba-dōōr, n. one of a class of poets of chivalric love, who first appeared in Provence, and flourished from the 11th to the 13th century (see Langue d'oc). [Fr., from Prov. trobador—trobar (Fr. trouver), to find—L. turbāre, to move.]

Trouble, trub′l, v.t. to put into a confused state: to agitate: to disturb: to annoy: to busy or engage overmuch: to put to inconvenience.—v.i. to take pains.—n. disturbance: affliction: disease: uneasiness: that which disturbs or afflicts.—ns. Troub′le-mirth, a kill-joy; Troub′ler.—adj. Troub′lesome, causing or giving trouble or inconvenience: vexatious: importunate: troublous.—adv. Troub′lesomely.—n. Troub′lesomeness.—adj. Troub′lous, full of trouble or disorder: agitated: tumultuous: disturbing.—Cast oil on troubled waters (fig.), to appease, calm, quieten. [O. Fr. tourbler—Low L. turbulāre—L. turbāre, to disturb—turba, a crowd.]

Trough, trof, n. a long, hollow vessel for water or other liquid: a long tray: a long narrow channel: a concavity or hollow. [A.S. trog; Ger. trog.]

Trounce, trowns, v.t. to punish or beat severely. [O. Fr. troncer, to cut—L. truncus, a trunk.]

Troupe, trōōp, n. a company, esp. of actors, dancers, or acrobats. [Fr. See Troop.]

Troupial, Troopial, trōō′pi-al, n. a bird of the family Icteridæ, the Hang-nests, famed for its exquisite song. [From their going in flocks, Fr. troupe, a troop.]

Trous-de-loup, trōō-de-lōō, n.pl. conical pits dug in the ground, each with a vertical stake in the middle—a defence against cavalry. [Fr.]

Trousers, trow′zėrz, n.pl. long breeches: a garment worn by males on the lower limbs and trussed or fastened up at the waist by braces or belt.—adj. Trou′sered, wearing trousers.—n. Trou′sering, material for making trousers. [O. Fr. trousses, breeches worn by pages.]

Trousse, trōōs, n. a collection of small implements in a case, esp. of surgical instruments. [Fr.]

Trousseau, trōō-sō′, n. the lighter articles of a bride's outfit: (rare) a bundle:—pl. Trousseaux (-sōz′). [Fr., a dim. of trousse, a bundle.]

Trout, trowt, n. a common name for fresh-water fish of the genus Salmo: the Salmo Fario, Trutta, or Common Trout, much sought after by anglers.—n. Trout′-bas′ket, an osier or willow creel for carrying trout.—adj. Trout′-col′oured, speckled like a trout: white, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel.—ns. Trout′-farm, a place where trout are reared artificially; Trout′let, Trout′ling, a little trout; Trout′-rod, a fishing-rod for trout; Trout′-spoon, a small revolving spoon used as a lure for trout; Trout′-stream, a stream in which trout are caught. [A.S. truht—L. tructa, tructus—Gr. trōktēs, a sea-fish with sharp teeth—trōgein, to gnaw.]

Trouvère, trōō-vār′, n. one of the medieval narrative or epic poets of northern France. For their language, the langue d'oui, see under Langue d'oc.

Trover, trō′vėr, n. the gaining possession of goods: an action brought to recover goods from a person to whom they do not belong, but who has in some way obtained possession of them. [O. Fr. trover, to find (Fr. trouver)—Low L. tropāre, to compose.]

Trow, trō, v.i. to hold as true: (B.) to trust: to believe: to think. [A.S. treów-ian, to trust; cf. Ice. trúa, Ger. trauen.]

Trowel, trow′el, n. a tool used in spreading mortar, paint, &c., and in gardening.—v.t. to dress with a trowel.-Lay on with a trowel, to spread thickly: to flatter grossly. [O. Fr. truelle—L. trulla, dim. of trua, a ladle.]

Trowsers. Same as Trousers.

Troy-weight, troi′-wāt, n. the system of weights used in England for gold, silver, and precious stones. The troy pound contains 5760 grains, and is to the avoirdupois pound as 144 to 175, while the troy ounce is to the avoirdupois ounce as 192 to 175. [From Troyes, in France, the pound weight of which was adopted in England in the 14th century.]

Truant, trōō′ant, n. an idler: a boy who, idly or without excuse, absents himself from school.—adj. wandering from duty: loitering: idle.—v.i. to play truant.—ns. Tru′ancy, Tru′antship.—Play truant, to stay from school without leave. [O. Fr. truand—Celt.; W. truan, wretched, Bret. truek, a beggar.]

Truce, trōōs, n. a suspension of hostilities between two armies or states for a period specially agreed upon: cessation.—n. Truce′-break′er, one who violates a truce or engagement.—adj. Truce′less, without truce: relentless.—Truce of God, in the 11th and 12th centuries, a cessation of private feuds observed in France, Italy, England, &c. from Wednesday evening to Monday morning in each week during Advent and Lent, and on certain of the principal saints' days and holy days of the Church.—Flag of truce (see Flag). [M. E. trewes, treowes, pl. of trewe, a truce; cf. True.]

Truck, truk, v.t. to exchange or barter.—v.i. to traffic by exchange.—n. exchange of goods: barter: (coll.) small goods: rubbish.—ns. Truck′age, the practice of exchanging or bartering goods; Truck′er; Truck′-farmer (U.S.), a market-gardener; Truck′-house, Truck′ing-house, a house for storing goods.—v.i. Truck′le, to yield meanly to the demands of another.—ns. Truck′ler; Truck′ling.—adj. fawning, slavish.—n. Truck′-sys′tem, the practice of paying workmen in goods instead of money.—Truck Act, a statute of 1831, extended in 1887, requiring workmen's wages to be paid in money instead of goods. [O. Fr. troquer, to truck; Sp. trocar, to barter, It. truccare, to truck.]

Truck, truk, n. a wheel: a railway-wagon for heavy articles: a platform running on wheels: a small wooden cap at the top of a mast or flag-staff: a circular piece of wood or metal for moving ordnance.—v.t. to convey by truck.—ns. Truck′age, conveyance by trucks: charge for carrying articles on a truck; Truck′-bol′ster, a beam in the middle of a railway-truck supporting the body of the car; Truck′le, a small wheel or castor: a truckle-bed.—v.t. to move on rollers.—v.i. to sleep in a truckle-bed.—n. Truck′le-bed, a low bed on wheels that may be pushed under another. [L. trochus, a wheel—Gr. trochos—trechein, to run.]

Truculent, truk′ū-lent (trōō′kū-lent, according to some), adj. very fierce: barbarous: cruel: inspiring terror.—ns. Truc′ulence, Truc′ulency.—adv. Truc′ulently. [L. truculentus—trux, wild, fierce.]

Trudge, truj, v.i. to travel on foot: to travel with labour or effort: to march heavily on.—n. a weary walk. [Skeat suggests that the word is orig. to walk in heavy shoes, from Sw. dial. truga, trudja, a snow-shoe, Norw. truga, Ice. thrúga, a snow-shoe.]

True, trōō, adj. agreeing with fact: worthy of belief or confidence: certain: trusty: genuine: normal: (anat.) complete: exact: straight: right: rightful: honest.—v.t. to make straight in position, &c.—n. (obs.) truth, a pledge: a truce.—n. True′-blue, a faithful partisan.—adjs. True′-born, of true or genuine birth: having a right by birth; True′-bred, of a true or genuine birth: of good breeding or manners; True′-derived′ (Shak.), legitimate; True′-devot′ed (Shak.), full of honest zeal; True′-dispos′ing (Shak.), just; True′-heart′ed, sincere.—ns. True′-heart′edness; True′-love, one truly or really beloved: a sweetheart: the herb-Paris (see Herb).—adj. affectionate.—ns. True′-love′-knot, True′-lov′er's-knot, lines interwoven with many involutions, fancifully held as an emblem of interwoven affection; True′ness; True′-penn′y (Shak.), an honest fellow.—adv. Tru′ly.—True bill, a bill of indictment endorsed, after investigation, by a grand jury, as containing a well-founded charge; True rib, a rib attached to spine and sternum—opp. to Floating rib. [A.S. treówe; Ice. tryggr, Ger. treu.]

Truffle, truf′l, n. a globose underground edible fungus, used for its agreeable flavour in the preparation of many dishes.—adj. Truff′led, cooked with truffles. [O. Fr. truffle (Fr. truffe), prob. from L. tuber.]

Trug, trug, n. (prov.) a gardener's wooden basket.

Truism, trōō′izm, n. a plain or self-evident truth.—adj. Truismat′ic.

Truite, trwē-tā′, adj. having a delicately crackled surface, of porcelain, &c. [Fr.]

Trull, trul, n. a drab: a vagrant woman of loose habits. [Allied to Ger. trolle.]

Trullan, trul′an, adj. pertaining to the trullus or dome-roofed hall in the imperial palace at Constantinople, and esp. to the Quinisext Council held therein in 691. [Low L. trullus, a dome—L. trulla, a ladle.]

Trumeau, trōō-mō′, n. any piece of wall between two openings:—pl. Trumeaux′ (-mōz′). [Fr.]

Trump, trump, v.t. to deceive; to introduce unfairly.—adj. Trumped′-up, forged, worthless.—n. Trum′pery, something showy but worthless: rubbish: nonsense, idle talk.—adj. showy and worthless.—Trump up, to forge: collect from any quarter. [Fr. tromper, to deceive, orig. to play on the trump.]

Trump, trump, n. a trumpet: a Jew's-harp. [O. Fr. trompe (It. tromba); cf. Old High Ger. trumba, Ger. tromme, Eng. drum, which is thus a doublet of trump.]

Trump, trump, n. a card of the leading suit that triumphs or wins: one of the suit of cards which takes any other: an old game of cards: (coll.) a good, trusty fellow.—v.i. to play a trump card.—v.t. to play a trump card upon.—Call, Signal, for trumps, in whist, a conventional signal indicating that the player wishes his partner to lead trumps. [From triumph, confused with trump, to deceive.]

Trumpet, trum′pet, n. the most ancient of wind instruments, formed of a long, narrow, straight tube, bent twice on itself, the last fifteen inches tapering into a bell, and sounded by means of a cupped mouthpiece—much used in military signalling: in organs, a powerful reed-stop having a trumpet-like sound: a cry resembling a trumpet-sound: (fig.) one who praises.—v.t. to publish by trumpet: to proclaim: to sound the praises of.—v.i. to sound a trumpet.—ns. Trum′pet-call, a call or summons on the trumpet, any call to action; Trum′peter, one who sounds on the trumpet the regimental calls and signals: one who proclaims, praises, or denounces: a genus of crane-like birds of British Guiana, &c.: one of the whistling swans: a kind of domestic pigeon: a large New Zealand food-fish; Trum′pet-fish, also Snipe-fish, a sea-fish so named from its trumpet-like or tubular muzzle; Trum′pet-flow′er, the popular name of various plants which produce large trumpet-shaped flowers—as the genera Bignonia and Tecoma (Bignoniaceæ), and Solandra (Solonaceæ); Trum′pet-mā′jor, a head-trumpeter in a band or regiment.—adj. Trum′pet-shaped, formed like a trumpet.—ns. Trum′pet-shell, a shell of the genus Triton; Trum′pet-tone, the sound of a trumpet: a loud voice.—adj. Trum′pet-tongued, having a voice or tongue loud as a trumpet.—n. Speak′ing-trum′pet (see Speak).—Blow one's own trumpet, to sound one's own praises; Feast of trumpets, a Jewish feast in which trumpets played an important part; Flourish of trumpets (see Flourish). [O. Fr. trompette, dim. of trompe.]

Truncal. See Trunk.

Truncate, trung′kāt, v.t. to cut off: to lop: to maim.—adjs. Trunc′ate, -d, appearing as if cut off at the tip: ending in a transverse line.—adv. Trun′cately.—n. Truncā′tion.—Truncated cone, pyramid, a cone, pyramid, having the vertex cut off by a line parallel to the base. [L. truncāre, -ātum—truncus.]

Truncheon, trun′shun, n. a short staff: a cudgel: a baton or staff of authority.—v.t. to beat with a truncheon: to cudgel.—adj. Trun′cheoned, furnished with a truncheon: armed with a lance.—ns. Trun′cheoneer, Trun′cheoner, one armed with a truncheon. [O. Fr. tronçon—tronc.]

Trundle, trun′dl, n. anything round: a wheel: a truck: a trundle-bed: (her.) a. spool of golden thread.—v.t to roll, as on wheels.—v.i. to roll: twirl: bowl along.—ns. Trun′dle-bed, a bed moving on trundles or low wheels: a truckle-bed; Trun′dle-tail (Shak.), a round tail, a dog with a tail curled up. [A.S. trendel, a circle, wheel.]

Trunk, trungk, n. the stem of a tree: the body of an animal apart from the limbs: the main body of anything: anything long and hollow: the proboscis of an elephant: the shaft of a column, the dado or body of a pedestal: a water-course of planks leading from the race to the water-wheel: a large hollow piston in which a connecting-rod plays: a portable box or chest for clothes, &c., esp. on a journey: a flume, penstock.—adjs. Trunc′al, pertaining to the trunk, principal; Trunked, having a trunk: (Spens.) beheaded.—ns. Trunk′-fish, the coffer-fish; Trunk′ful, as much as will fill a trunk; Trunk′-hose, -breech′es, large hose or breeches formerly worn over the lower part of the body and the upper part of the legs; Trunk′-line, the main-line of a railway, canal, &c.; Trunk′-road, a main-road; Trunk′-sleeve (Shak.), a sleeve with the upper part puffed; Trunk′-work, work involving secrecy as by means of a trunk. [O. Fr. tronc—L. truncus, a stock—truncus, maimed.]

Trunnion, trun′yun, n. one of the knobs on each side of a gun, on which it rests on the carriage: in steam-engines, a hollow gudgeon on each side of an oscillating cylinder, serving as a support to it.—adj. Trunn′ioned, provided with trunnions.—n. Trunn′ion-plate, a raised rim forming a shoulder around the trunnion of a gun. [Fr. trognon, a stalk—tronc, a stump—L. truncus.]

Truss, trus, n. a bundle: timbers fastened together for binding a beam or supporting a roof: in ships, the rope or iron for keeping the lower yard to the mast: a tuft of flowers at the top of the main stalk or stem: a bandage or apparatus used in hernia to retain reduced parts, or to hinder protusion.—v.t. to bind up: to pack close: to furnish with a truss: to draw tight and tie: to skewer in cooking.—n. Truss′-beam, a wooden beam strengthened by a tie-rod.—adj. Trussed.—n. Truss′ing, in ship-building, diagonal timbers or iron plates crossing the ribs internally, and consolidating the whole together. [O. Fr. trosser, orig. torser, to bind together—L. tortus, pa.p. of torquēre, to twist.]

Trust, trust, n. trustworthiness: confidence in the truth of anything: confident expectation: a resting on the integrity, friendship, &c. of another: faith: hope: credit (esp. sale on credit or on promise to pay): he who, or that which, is the ground of confidence: that which is given or received in confidence: charge: an arrangement by which property is handed to or vested in a person, in the trust or confidence that he will use and dispose of it for the benefit of another, also the estate so managed for another: in modern commerce, an arrangement for the control of several companies under one direction, to cheapen expenses, regulate production, beat down competition, and so obtain a maximum return.—adj. held in trust.—v.t. to place trust in: to believe: to give credit to: to sell upon credit: to commit to the care of: to expect confidently.—v.i. to be confident or confiding.—ns. Trust′-deed, a deed conveying property to a trustee; Trustee′, one to whom anything is entrusted: one to whom the management of a property is committed in trust for the benefit of others; Trustee′ship; Trust′er; Trust-estate′, an estate held by trustees.—adj. Trust′ful, trusting: worthy of trust.—adv. Trust′fully.—n. Trust′fulness.—adv. Trust′ily.—n. Trust′iness.—adj. Trust′ing, confiding.—adv. Trust′ingly.—adj. Trust′less, treacherous, unfaithful.—ns. Trust′lessness; Trust′worthiness.—adjs. Trust′worthy, worthy of trust or confidence: trusty; Trust′y (comp. Trust′ier, superl. Trust′iest), that may be trusted: deserving confidence: honest: strong: firm: (Shak.) involving trust.—Active, or Special, trust, a trust in which the trustee's power of management depends upon his having the right of actual possession; Breach of trust, a violation of duty by a trustee, executor, &c.; In trust, as a charge, for safe-keeping; On trust, on credit. [Scand., Ice. traust, trust; Ger. trost, consolation.]

Truth, trōōth, n. that which is true or according to the facts of the case: agreement with reality: true state of things, or facts: practice of speaking or disposition to speak the truth: fidelity: genuineness: righteous conduct: a true statement: an established principle: in the fine arts, a faithful adherence to nature.—adj. Truth′ful, full of truth: according to, or adhering to, truth: reliable.—adv. Truth′fully.—ns. Truth′fulness; Truth′iness.—adj. Truth′less.—ns. Truth′lessness; Truth′-lov′er; Truth′-tell′er, one who speaks the truth.—adjs. Truth′-writ, truthfully written; Truth′y, truthful.—God's truth, a thing or statement absolutely true; In truth, truly, in fact; Of a truth (B.), truly. [A.S. treówthu—treówe, true.]

Trutinate, trōō′ti-nāt, v.t. (obs.) to weigh.—n. Trutinā′tion. [L. trutināri—Gr. trytanē, a balance.]

Truttaceous, tru-tā′shi-us, adj. pertaining to, or like, a trout. [Trout.]

Try, trī, v.t. to put to the test or proof: to sift: to prove by experiment: to purify: to examine judiciously: to determine, settle: to examine carefully or experimentally: to experience: to attempt: to use as means: to put to severe trial, cause suffering to: to bring to a decision, to settle.—v.i. to endeavour: to make an effort: (Shak.) to prove by experience: (obs.) to keep a ship's bows to the sea during a gale:—pa.t. and pa.p. tried (trīd).—n. a trial: effort: in Rugby football, the score of three points gained by a player who succeeds in placing the ball with his hand over the enemy's line.—adj. Tried, proved, experienced.—n. Trī′er.—adjs. Try′able, Trī′able, capable of being tried; Trye (Spens.), proved excellent.—n. Try′-house, a place in which oil is extracted from blubber, &c.—adj. Try′ing, making trial or proof of: adapted to try: searching: severe.—Try on, to put on for trial, as a garment: to attempt; Try back, to revert, hark back. [O. Fr. trier, to pick out, to cull (the grain from the straw), from an assumed L. tritare—terĕre, tritum, to rub.]

Trygon, trī′gon, n. a genus of cartilaginous fishes, of the order of Rays and family Trygonidæ—the sting-ray. [Gr. trygōn, a sting-ray.]

Tryma, trī′ma, n. a drupe with fleshy exocarp, dehiscent. [Gr. tryma, a hole.]

Trypeta, trī-pē′ta, n. a genus of flies, family Trypetidæ, of greenish-yellow colour, forming gall-like deformations in the flower-heads of composite plants. [Gr. trypētēs, a borer—trypan, to bore.]

Trypographic, trip-ō-graf′ik, adj. pertaining to a method of printing by the use of paper stencils. [Gr. trypan, to bore, graphein, to write.]

Trypsin, trip′sin, n. a ferment which occurs in the secretion of the pancreas, and may be isolated from the pancreatic juice, as pepsin from the gastric.—adj. Tryp′tic.—n. Tryp′tōne, a substance formed from proteids by pancreatic juice. [Gr., from tribein, to rub, the substance having been first found on rubbing down the pancreas with glycerine.]

Trysail, trī′sāl, or trī′sl, n. a reduced sail used by small craft, instead of their mainsail, in a storm: a small fore-and-aft sail set with a boom and gaff.

Tryst, trīst, n. an appointment to meet: appointed place of meeting: a market.—v.t. to make an appointment with.—v.i. to agree to meet.—ns. Trys′ter; Trys′ting-day, a fixed day of meeting; Trys′ting-place, an arranged meeting-place.—Bide tryst, to wait for a person at the appointed place and time. [A variant of trust.]

Tsabian. See Sabian.

Tsamba, tsam′ba, n. ground black barley, the chief food of Tibet.

Tsar, tsär, n. better form of Czar.

Tsetse, tset′sē, n. a dipterous insect of South Africa (Glossina morsitans), not much larger than the common house-fly, brownish, with four yellow bars across the abdomen, strangely limited within sharply defined areas or 'fly-belts.' Its bite is fatal to the ox, horse, and dog.

Tsuba, tsōō′ba, n. the guard of a Japanese sword.

Tsun, tsun, n. a Chinese inch, 1⁄10th of the chih.

Tsung-tuh, tsung′-tu′, n. a Chinese viceroy, the highest provincial governor.

Tuath, tū′ath, n. an ancient Irish territorial division.

Tub, tub, n. a two-handed open wooden vessel: a vessel made of staves and hoops: a small cask: anything like a tub: the quantity a tub holds: (slang) a pulpit: a clumsy boat: a receptacle for bathing water: the act of bathing in a tub.—v.t. to set, to bathe, in a tub.—v.i. to take a bath in a tub.—n. Tub′bing, the art of, or the material for, making tubs: in mining, a method of keeping out the water in sinking a shaft in watery ground: a tub-bath: rowing in clumsy boats.—adjs. Tub′bish, round and fat; Tub′by, sounding like an empty tub: dull: wanting elasticity of sound: round like a tub.—ns. Tub′-fast (Shak.) a process of treating venereal disease by sweating in a hot tub; Tub′ful, as much as a tub will hold; Tub′-gig, a Welsh car; Tub′-thump′er (slang), a ranting preacher; Tub′-wheel, a kind of bowl-shaped water-wheel like the turbine, with spiral flanges at the exterior. [Low Ger. tubbe; Dut. tobbe.]

Tuba, tū′ba, n. a large, low-pitched trumpet-shaped instrument: in organs, a reed-stop of large scale: (anat.) a tube, or tubular organ:—pl. Tū′bæ, Tū′bas (-bē, -bas). [L.]

Tube, tūb, n. a pipe: a long hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluids, &c.: a canal: the body of a musical instrument: a telescope: a cylindrical receptacle for holding semi-fluid substances, as pigments.—v.t. to furnish with, enclose in, a tube.—n. Tū′bage, the act or process of lining a heavy gun by insertion of a tube of wrought-iron, &c.: (med.) the insertion of a tube into the larynx, &c.—adjs. Tū′bal, Tū′bar.—n. Tube′-well, a pipe used to obtain water from beneath the ground, having a sharp point and a number of perforations just above the point.—adjs. Tubic′olar, Tū′bicole, Tubic′olous, inhabiting a tube: spinning a tubular web; Tū′biflorous, having tubular flowers; Tū′biform, shaped like a tube.—n. Tū′bing, the act of making tubes: tubes collectively: material for tubes.—adjs. Tū′būlar, having the form of a tube: having a sound like that made by the passage of air through a tube; Tūbūlā′rian, hydriform in tubular shape with wide disc; Tū′būlate, -d, Tū′būlous, Tū′būlose, formed like a tube: formed of tubes.—n. Tū′būle, a small tube.—adj. Tū′būliform, having the form of a small tube. [Fr.,—L. tubus, a pipe.]

Tuber, tū′bėr, n. a knob in roots: a rounded, fleshy underground stem, as in the potato, formed by a part of the stem becoming thick and fleshy: a swelling.—ns. Tuber′culum, Tū′bercule, a little tuber: a small rounded elevation on a bodily organ.—adjs. Tuberif′erous, bearing tubers; Tū′beriform.—ns. Tuberos′ity, Tū′berousness.—adjs. Tū′berous, Tū′berōse, having, or consisting of, tubers: knobbed. [L. tuber, a swelling, from root of L. tumēre, to swell.]

Tubercle, tū′bėr-kl, n. a small tuber or swelling: a pimple: a small knob on leaves: the characteristic product of a specific micro-organism, the Bacillus tuberculosis—a new formation belonging to the group of Granulomata or granulative growths, which, in virtue of their recognised infectiveness, have been classed as Infective Granulomata.—adjs. Tū′bercled, having tubercles; Tuber′cular; Tuber′culate, -d, Tuber′culose, Tuber′culous, pertaining to tubercles: pimpled: affected with, or caused by, tubercles.—ns. Tuber′culin, -e, a liquid prepared by Koch in 1890, a forty to fifty per cent. glycerine solution of a pure cultivation of the tubercle bacillus, injected into the subcutaneous tissues of persons affected with tuberculosis; Tuberculisā′tion.—v.t. Tuber′culise.—adjs. Tuber′culoid; Tuber′culōsed.—ns. Tuberculō′sis, a specific infective disease induced by the invasion of the Bacillus tuberculosis, and characterised by the presence of tubercle or other tubercular formations—consumption or phthisis; Tuber′culum, a tubercle. [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber.]

Tuberose, tū′be-rōs, or tūb′rōz, n. a genus of Liliaceæ—the Common Tuberose, a garden and greenhouse bulb, having creamy-white, fragrant flowers. [From L. tuberosa, tuberous, used in the botanical name Polianthes tuberosa; the second pronunciation shows popular confusion with rose.]

Tubisen, tū′bi-sen, n. a trumpeter.—v.i. Tubic′inate, to blow a trumpet. [L.]

Tucan, tōō′kan, n. the Mexican pocket-gopher.

Tuck, tuk, n, a rapier: a blow, tap: a blast, flourish. [O. Fr. estoc; perh. cog. with Ger. stock, a stock.]

Tuck, tuk, v.t. to draw or press in or together: to stuff, cram: to fold under: to gather up: to enclose by pressing clothes closely around: (slang) to eat (with in).—n. a horizontal fold in a garment: (naut.) the afterpart of a ship, immediately under the stern or counter, where the ends of the bottom planks are collected and terminate by the tuck-rail: (slang) eatables, pastry.—n. Tuck′er, a piece of cloth tucked or drawn over the bosom, worn by women and children: (slang) food, also work that scarcely yields a living wage.—v.t. (Amer. slang) to tire exceedingly.—ns. Tuck′-in (slang), a hearty meal—also Tuck′-out; Tuck′-shop (slang), a confectioner's or a pastry-cook's shop.—Tuck up, to gather up: to contract: to make tucks: (slang) to hang. [A.S. tucian, to pull; cog. with Low Ger. tukken, Ger. zucken; also with A.S. teón, Ger. ziehen, to draw.]

Tuckahoe, tuk′a-hō, n. an edible but tasteless underground fungus growing as a saprophyte on the roots of the trees in the southern United States—also called Indian bread.

Tucket, tuk′et, n. (Shak.) a flourish on a trumpet.—n. Tuck′et-sō′nance (Shak.), the sound or signal of the tucket. [It. toccata, a touch—toccare, to touch.]

Tudor, tū′dor, adj. pertaining to the royal line of the Tudors (1485-1603): pertaining to the Tudor style of architecture.—Tudor flower, a trefoil ornament frequent in Tudor architecture; Tudor rose, the conventional five-lobed flower adopted as a badge by Henry VII.; Tudor style (archit.), a rather indefinite term applied to the Late Perpendicular, and the transition from that to Elizabethan—it is characterised by a flat arch, shallow mouldings, and a profusion of panelling on the walls.

Tuesday, tūz′dā, n. the third day of the week. [A.S. Tíwes dæg, the day of Tíw (the god of war)=Ger. die(n)s-tag; cf. L. dies Martis. Tíw (Ice. Týr, Old High Ger. Zío) is cog. with Gr. Zeus, Dios, and L. Ju-piter, Jovis.]

Tufa, tū′fa, n. a variety of calcium carbonate usually deposited from springs—calcareous tufa; the word was formerly used as synonymous with tuff.—adj. Tufā′ceous. [It. tufa—L. tofus, a soft stone.]

Tuff, tuf, n. generally volcanic tuff, the name given to the comminuted rock-débris ejected from a volcanic orifice. [Fr. tuf, tuffe—It. tufo, tufa—L. tofus.]

Tuft, tuft, n. a green knoll: a grove, clump. [A.S toft—Ice. topt, tupt, a piece of ground.]

Tuft, tuft, n. a number of small things in a knot: a cluster: a dense head of flowers: (university slang) a titled undergraduate, from the tuft or tassel in the cap: an imperial.—v.t. to separate into tufts: to adorn with tufts.—adjs. Tuft′ed, Tuft′y.—ns. Tuft′-hunt′er, one over-eager to form acquaintance with persons of rank or consequence: a mean hanger-on of the great; Tuft′-hunt′ing, the practice of a tuft-hunter. [O. Fr. tuffe (Fr. touffe), from the Teut., as Low Ger. topp, Ger. zopf.]

Tug, tug, v.t. to pull with effort: to drag along.—v.i. to pull with great effort: to struggle:—pr.p. tug′ging; pa.t. and pa.p. tugged.—n. a strong pull: a steam-vessel for towing ships: a strong rope.—ns. Tug′-boat, a strongly-built steamship for towing vessels; Tug′ger, one who tugs.—adv. Tug′gingly.—n. Tug′-of-war, a laborious contest: a contest in which opposing teams tug at the end of a rope, in their efforts to pull one another over a line marked on the ground between them. [Closely conn. with tuck and tow (v.).]

Tuille, twēl, n. in armour, a steel plate hanging below the tassets.—n. Tuillette′ (dim.). [Fr.,—L. tegula, a tile.]

Tuilyie, Tuilzie, tōōl′yi, n. (Scot.) a struggle.

Tuism, tū′izm, n. the theory that all thought is directed to a second person or to one's future self as such.

Tuition, tū-ish′un, n. care over a young person: teaching, the fee paid for such.—adj. Tui′tionary. [L. tuitio—tuēri, tuitus, to see.]

Tula-work, tōō′la-wurk, n. niello-work, a kind of decorative work, done chiefly on silver, executed largely at Tula in Russia.

Tulchan, tul′kan, n. a calf's skin stuffed with straw, and set beside a cow, to make her give her milk freely.—Tulchan bishops, the titular bishops of the Scottish Church, who in 1572 agreed to hold office, letting all the revenues of their charge, except a miserable pittance, be absorbed by the nobles as lay patrons. [Orig. unknown.]

Tulip, tū′lip, n. a genus of bulbous plants of the order Liliaceæ, with over forty species, having highly-coloured bell-shaped flowers.—adj. Tū′lip-eared, prick-eared, as a dog.—ns. Tulipomā′nia, a craze for the cultivation of tulips; Tū′lip-tree, a large North American tree, having tulip-like flowers; Tū′lip-wood, the soft, fine, straight-grained wood of the tulip-tree. [O. Fr. tulipe, tulippe, tulipan—Turk. tulbend, a turban.]

Tulle, tōōl, n. a delicate kind of thin silk network fabric of a very open structure used for the trimmings of ladies' dresses, and also for caps and veils. [Fr.: from Tulle, in the department of Corrèze.]

Tullian, tul′i-an, adj. relating to, or resembling, Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Roman orator.

Tulwar, tul′wär, n. a Sikh form of sabre.

Tumble, tum′bl, v.i. to fall: to come down suddenly and violently: to roll: to twist the body, as a mountebank: to fall rapidly, as prices: to go hastily: (slang) to understand, twig.—v.t. to throw headlong: to turn over: to throw about while examining: to disorder, rumple.—n. act of tumbling: a fall: a rolling over, a somersault: confusion.—ns. Tum′ble-bug, one of several kinds of scarabæoid beetles, which roll up balls of dung to protect their eggs; Tum′ble-car, a one-horse car.—adj. Tum′ble-down, dilapidated.—ns. Tum′bler, one who tumbles: one who plays any of the feats or tricks of the acrobat or contortionist: a large drinking-glass, so called because formerly, having a pointed base, it could not be set down without tumbling: a kind of domestic pigeon, so called from its tumbling on the wing: a kind of greyhound: a kind of spring-latch in a lock, preventing the bolt being shot in either direction: a piece attached to the hammer of a firearm lock, receiving the thrust of the mainspring and forcing the hammer forward so as to strike and explode the charge: a porpoise: one of a gang of London street ruffians early in the 18th century, whose favourite frolic was to set women on their heads: a tumbril: one of a set of levers from which hang the heddles in some looms; Tum′blerful, as much as will fill a tumbler; Tum′bler-stand, a tray for tumblers, as in connection with a soda-water fountain; Tum′bler-tank, in plumbing, a flush-tank in which water gathers in one chamber before being tilted over so as to discharge its contents; Tum′bler-wash′er, a revolving stand fitted with projecting pipes on which tumblers are hung to be washed automatically; Tum′ble-weed, a name given to several plants whose globular flowering heads are detached in autumn and rolled about, scattering their seed; Tum′bling, the act of falling.—adj. Tum′bly, uneven.—Tumble in, or home, to incline in above the extreme breadth, of a ship's sides: to fit, as a piece of timber into other work: to go to bed; Tumble over, to toss about carelessly, to upset: to fall over; Tumble to (slang), to comprehend; Tumble up, to get out of bed: to throw into confusion. [A.S. tumbian; cf. Old High Ger. tūmilōn (Ger. taumeln), Ice. tumba, to dance.]

Tumbrel, tum′brel, Tumbril, tum′bril, n. a cart with two wheels for conveying the tools of pioneers, artillery stores, &c.: a dung-cart: the name given to the carts which conveyed victims to the guillotine during the French Revolution. [O. Fr. tomberel (Fr. tombereau)—tomber, to fall, because the body of the cart could be tumbled without unyoking.]

Tumefy, tū′me-fī, v.t. to cause to swell.—v.i. to swell: to rise in a tumour:—pa.t. and pa.p. tū′mefīed.—n. Tumefac′tion, tumour: swelling. [L. tumefacĕre—tumēre, to swell, facĕre, to make.]

Tumid, tū′mid, adj. swollen or enlarged: inflated: falsely sublime: bombastic.—n. Tumes′cence.—adj. Tumes′cent.—n. Tumid′ity.—adv. Tū′midly.—n. Tū′midness. [L. tumidus—tumēre, to swell.]

Tumour, tū′mor, n. a morbid swelling on any of the cutaneous, mucous, or serous surfaces in any part of the body, of independent growth. [L. tumor—tumēre, to swell.]

Tump, tump, n. (prov.) a hillock.—v.t. to gather a mass of earth round a plant.—adj. Tump′y, uneven.

Tump-line, tump′-līn, n. a strap across the forehead or breast by means of which a burden is carried through the Canadian forests. [Temple-line.]

Tum-tum, tum′-tum, n. a West Indian dish of boiled plantains.

Tumult, tū′mult, n. uproar of a multitude: violent agitation with confused sounds: high excitement.—adv. Tumult′ūarily.—n. Tumult′ūariness.—adjs. Tumult′ūary, Tumult′ūous, full of tumult: disorderly: agitated: noisy.—v.i. Tumult′ūate, to make a tumult.—n. Tumultūā′tion.—adv. Tumult′ūously.—ns. Tumult′ūousness; Tumult′us, commotion. [L. tumultus—tumēre, to swell.]

Tumulus, tū′mū-lus, n. a mound of earth over a grave: a barrow:—pl. Tū′mūlī.—adjs. Tū′mūlar, -y, Tū′mūlous.—v.t. Tū′mūlate, to cover with a mound.—n. Tūmūlos′ity. [L.,—tumēre, to swell.]

Tun, tun, n. a large cask: an obsolete liquid measure of capacity—in old ale and beer measure, 216 gallons; in old wine measure, 252 gallons.—v.t. to store in a tun.—ns. Tun′-bell′y, a big pot-belly; Tun′-dish (Shak.), a wooden funnel; Tun′nage, a tax on imported wines; Tun′ning, the act of brewing, the amount brewed at one time. [A.S. tunne.]

Tuna, tū′na, n. a prickly pear, also its fruit.

Tundra, tōōn′dra, n. one of the level treeless plains of northern Russia, both in Europe and Asia. [Russ.]

Tundun, tun′dun, n. a bull-roarer.

Tune, tūn, n. a melodious succession of notes or chords in a particular key: the relation of notes and intervals to each other causing melody: state of giving the proper sound: harmony: a melody or air: frame of mind, temper.—v.t. to adjust the tones, as of a musical instrument: to play upon, celebrate in music: to give a certain character to.—adj. Tū′nable.—n. Tū′nableness.—adv. Tū′nably.—adj. Tune′ful, full of tune or harmony: melodious: musical.—adv. Tune′fully.—n. Tune′fulness.—adj. Tune′less, without tune or melody: silent.—ns. Tū′ner, one who tunes or adjusts the sounds of musical instruments: one who makes music, or sings: in organs, an adjustable flap for altering the pitch of the tone; Tū′ning, the art of bringing musical instruments into tune; Tū′ning-fork, a steel two-pronged instrument, designed when set in vibration to give a musical sound of a certain pitch; Tū′ning-hamm′er, a tuning-wrench with hammer attachment for regulating tension in stringed instruments.—Tune up, to begin to sing or play.—Change one's tune, Sing another tune, to alter one's attitude, or one's way of talking; In tune, harmonious; Out of tune, inharmonious; To the tune of, to the amount of. [A doublet of tone.]

Tungsten, tung′sten, n. a rare metal, chiefly derived from wolfram, which is a tungstate of iron and manganese, and likewise found in scheelite, which is a tungstate of lime.—n. Tung′state, a salt of tungstic acid.—adjs. Tungsten′ic; Tungstenif′erous; Tung′stic.—n. Tung′stite, native oxide of tungsten. [Sw.,—tung, heavy, sten, stone.]

Tungusic, tun-gōō′sik, adj. pertaining to the Tunguses, an ethnographic group of the Ural-Altaic family.—n. Tun′gus, one of this people or their language.—adj. Tungu′sian.

Tunic, tū′nik, n. a loose frock worn by females and boys: an ecclesiastical short-sleeved vestment, worn over the alb at mass by the sub-deacon, very similar to the dalmatic, but smaller: a military surcoat: the ordinary fatigue-coat of a private soldier, also the coat of an officer: (anat.) a membrane that covers some organ: (bot.) a covering, as of a seed.—n. Tunicā′ta, a class of remarkable animals, many of which are popularly known as Ascidians or sea-squirts—now regarded as occupying a lowly place among vertebrate or chordate animals.—adjs. Tū′nicate, -d (bot.), covered with a tunic or with layers.—n. Tū′nicle, a little tunic: as an ecclesiastical vestment, the same as tunic. [Fr. tunique—L. tunica, an under-garment of both sexes.]

Tunker, tungk′ėr, n. Same as Dunker (q.v.).

Tun-moot, tun′-mōōt, n. an assembly of the town or village. [A.S. tún, town, gemót, meeting.]

Tunnel, tun′el, n. an arched passage cut through a hill or under a river, &c.: the long underground burrow of certain animals, as the mole: any mine-level open at one end: (Spens.) a flue, chimney.—v.t. to make a passage through: to hollow out:—pr.p. tunn′elling; pa.t. and pa.p. tunn′elled.—n. Tunn′el-net, a net wide at the mouth and narrow at the other end. [O. Fr. tonnel (Fr. tonneau), a cask; also O. Fr. tonnelle, an arched vault, dim. of tonne, a cask.]

Tunny, tun′i, n. a very large fish of the mackerel family (Scombridæ), fished chiefly on the Mediterranean coasts. [L. thunnus—Gr. thynnos—thynein, to dart along.]

Tup, tup, n. a ram: the striking-face of a steam-hammer, &c.—v.t. and v.i. to cover with (of a ram): to butt. [Conn. with Low Ger. tuppen, toppen, to pull by the hair; Ger. tupfen, to touch.]

Tupaia, tū-pā′ya, n. the genus of squirrel-shrews found in the Malay Peninsula, &c.

Tupelo, tū′pe-lō, n. a genus of trees, natives chiefly of the southern parts of the United States, including the Black Gum Tree, the Ogeechee Lime or Sour Gum Tree, &c.

Tuque, tūk, n. a Canadian cap made by tucking in one tapered end of a long cylindrical bag, closed at both ends. [Fr. toque.]

Turakoo, tōō′ra-kōō, n. one of the plantain-eaters, a large bird found in Africa, light green, with carmine wing-feathers.—n. Tu′racin, the red colouring matter of its feathers. [African.]

Turanian, tū-rā′ni-an, adj. a philological term which came to be used for the non-Aryan languages of the Ural-Altaic or Finno-Tartar group—sometimes extended so as to include the Dravidian tongues of India, also of the agglutinative type, thus erroneously suggesting affinity between non-Aryan and non-Semitic groups of languages which are probably quite unconnected. [From Turan=not-Iran, a term used by the Sassanian kings of Persia for those parts of their empire outside of Iran, and still the name for Turkestan among the Persians.]

Turban, tur′ban, n. a head-covering worn by Eastern nations, consisting of a cap with a sash wound round it: a circular head-dress worn by ladies: the whole whorls of a shell.—n. Tur′band (Shak.), a turban.—adj. Tur′baned, wearing a turban. [Earlier forms turbant, tulipant (Fr. turban, Port. turbante), from Pers. dulband.]

Turbary, tur′ba-ri, n. the right to go upon the soil of another and dig turf, and carry off the same: a place where peat is dug. [L. turba, turf.]

Turbellaria, tur-be-lā′ri-a, n.pl. a class of flat-worms with ciliated skin—the same as Planaria (q.v.).—adjs. Turbellā′rian; Turbellar′iform.

Turbid, tur′bid, adj. disordered: having the sediment disturbed: muddy: thick.—adv. Tur′bidly.—ns. Tur′bidness, Turbid′ity. [L. turbidus—turba, tumult.]

Turbillion, tur-bil′yun, n. a whirl, vortex. [Fr. tourbillon—L. turbo, a whirl.]

Turbinaceous, tur-bi-nā′shus, adj. turfy, peaty.

Turbine, tur′bin, n. a horizontal water-wheel with vertical axis, receiving and discharging water in various directions round the circumference—by parallel, outward, or inward flow.—adj. Tur′binal, turbinate.—n. (anat.) a scroll-like bone.—adjs. Tur′binate, -d, shaped like a top or inverted cone: spiral: (anat.) whorled in shape: whirling like a top.—ns. Turbinā′tion; Tur′bine-pump, a pump in which water is raised by the inverted action of a turbine-wheel; Turb′ine-steam′er, a vessel impelled by a steam-turbine.—adjs. Tur′biniform, Tur′binoid, top-shaped. [Fr.,—L. turbo, turbinis, a whirl—turbāre, to disturb—turba, disorder.]

Turbit, tur′bit, n. a domestic pigeon having white body, coloured wings, and short beak.

Turbo, tur′bō, n. the typical genus of the family of scutibranchiate gasteropods, Turbinidæ.—n. Tur′binite, a fossil shell of this family. [L. turbo, a top.]

Turbot, tur′bot, n. a highly esteemed food-fish of the genus Rhombus and family Pleuronectidæ or Flat-fishes, abundant in the North Sea. [O. Fr., turbot, prob. formed from L. turbo, a spinning-top.]

Turbulent, tur′bū-lent, adj. tumultuous, disturbed: in violent commotion: disposed to disorder: restless: producing commotion.—ns. Tur′bulence, Tur′bulency.—adv. Tur′bulently. [Fr.,—L. turbulentus—turba, a crowd.]

Turcism, tur′sizm, n. customs of Turks.

Turco, tur′kō, n. a popular name for one of the Tirailleurs Algériens, a body of native Algerian troops recruited for the French service.

Turcoman=Turkoman.

Turcophile, tur′kō-fil, n. one who favours the Ottoman Turks.—n. Tur′cophilism. [Low L. Turcus, Turk, Gr. philein, to love.]

Turcopolier, tur′kō-po-lēr, n. the commander of the light infantry of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem—always an Englishman. [O. Fr.,—Low L. Turcopuli—Late Gr. tyrcopouloi, light-armed soldiers—Tourcos, Turk, poulos, a child.]

Turd, turd, n. a ball of dung. [A.S. tord.]

Turdus, tur′dus, n. a genus of Passerine birds of the Turdidæ family, the thrushes.—adjs. Tur′diform, Tur′dine, Tur′doid, like a thrush.

Tureen, tū-rēn′, tu-rēn′, n. a large dish for holding soup at table. [Fr. terrine—L. terra, earth.]

Turf, turf, n. the surface of land matted with the roots of grass, &c.: a cake of turf cut off: sod: peat: race-ground: horse-racing, the race-course:—pl. Turfs—(obs.) Turves.—v.t. to cover with peat or sod.—adj. Turf′-clad, covered with turf.—n. Turf′-drain, a drain in which turf is used for a covering.—adj. Tur′fen, made or covered with turf.—ns. Turf′-hedge, a combination of turf and hedge-plants, forming a fence; Tur′finess; Tur′fite (slang), one devoted to horse-racing; Turf′-spade, a long narrow spade for digging turf.—adj. Tur′fy, resembling or abounding in turf: pertaining to horse-racing. [A.S. turf; Ice. torf.]

Turgent, tur′jent, adj. swelling: rising into a tumour: inflated: bombastic.—adv. Tur′gently.—ns. Turges′cence, Turges′cency.—adjs. Turges′cent, swelling: growing big; Tur′gid, swollen: extended beyond the natural size: pompous: bombastic.—ns. Turgid′ity, Tur′gidness.—adv. Tur′gidly.—n. Turgor (tur′gor), state of being full, the normal condition of the capillaries. [L. turg-ens, -entis, pr.p. of turgēre, to swell.]

Turion, tū′ri-on, n. a shoot from an underground bud, growing upward into a new stem.—adj. Turionif′erous. [L. turio, a shoot.]

Turk, turk, n. a native of Turkey, an Ottoman—more widely, a member of a race formerly classed among the 'Turanian' peoples, now more usual to say, of the Mongolo-Tartar ethnological group, and speaking languages of the Ural-Altaic family: a savage fellow: a Mohammedan: a Turkish horse: the plum-weevil or curculio.—ns. Turk′ey-car′pet, a soft thick kind of carpet; Turk′ey-hone, -stone, a kind of oilstone brought from Turkey, and used for hones; Turk′ey-mer′chant, one whose trade is with Turkey or the Turkish East; Turk′ey-red, a fine durable red dye, obtained from madder, but now mostly prepared chemically, first produced in Turkey; Turk′ey-stone, the turquoise.—adj. Turk′ish, pertaining to the Turks or to Turkey.—n. the language of the Turks.—ns. Turk′ish-bath, a kind of hot-air bath in which the patient, after being sweated, is rubbed down, and conducted through a series of cooling-chambers until he regains his normal temperature; Turk's′-head, a kind of knot: a long broom with spherical head: a kind of cooking-pan, having a tin core in the centre.—Turn Turk, to become a Mohammedan: to go to the bad: to become hopelessly obstinate.

Turkey, turk′i, n. a large gallinaceous bird, a native of America—not Turkey.—ns. Turk′ey-buzz′ard, a vulture found largely in North and South America; Turk′ey-cock, the male of the turkey: a foolishly proud person.

Turkis, turk′is, n. an older spelling of turquoise.—Also Turk′ois.

Turkoman, tur′kō-man, n. a member of a branch of the Turkish race, found in Central Asia to the north of Persia.

Turlough, tur′loh, n. a shallow pond in Ireland, dry in summer. [Ir. turloch.]

Turm, turm, n. (Milt.) a troop. [L. turma.]

Turmeric, tur′mėr-ik, n. the rhizome or root-stock of Curcuma longa, a handsome herbaceous plant cultivated all over India, its yellowish tubers yielding a deep-yellow powder used as a chemical test for the presence of alkalies. [Cf. Fr. terre-mérite—as if from L. terra, earth, and merita, deserved; both prob. corr. from an Oriental name.]

Turmoil, tur′moil, n. harassing labour: disturbance.—v.t. to harass with commotion: to weary.—v.i. to be disquieted or in commotion. [Perh. L. tremĕre, to shake.]

Turn, turn, v.i. to whirl round: to hinge: to depend: to issue: to take a different direction or tendency: to become by a change, hence to rebel: to return: to be fickle: to result: to be shaped on the lathe: to sour: to become giddy: to be nauseated: to change from ebb to flow or from flow to ebb: to become inclined in the other direction.—v.t. to cause to revolve: to reverse: to pass round: to direct, apply: to send, drive: to fold, remake: to translate: to make sour: to change the position or the direction of: to nauseate, to make giddy: to direct the mind to: to infatuate or make mad: to cause to return with profit: to transfer: to convert: to form in a lathe: to shape: to round: to adapt: to blunt.—n. act of turning: new direction or tendency, disposition: a walk to and fro: chance: a turning-point, crisis: (mus.) a melodic embellishment, consisting of a principal tone with two auxiliary tones lying respectively next above and below it: a spell of work, a job: (coll.) a nervous shock: change: a winding: a bend: form: manner: opportunity, convenience: act of kindness or malice: a type turned upside down, owing to a temporary want of the proper letter.—ns. Turn′about, a merry-go-round; Turn′back, the strap from the hames to the hip-strap; Turn′buckle, a form of coupling so arranged as to regulate the length or tension of the connected parts; Turn′-cap, a chimney-cowl rotating on a vertical axis; Turn′coat, one who turns his coat—that is, abandons his principles or party; Turn′cock, one who turns on the water for the mains, regulates the fire-plugs, &c., of a water company.—adj. Turn′-down, folded down.—ns. Turn′er, one who, or that which, turns: a tumbler, gymnast, esp. a member of the German Turnvereine or gymnastic bodies, instituted by F. L. Jahn in 1811; Turn′ery, art of turning or of shaping by a lathe: things made by a turner, also the place where these are made: ornamentation by means of the lathe; Turn′ing, a winding: deviation from the proper course: turnery, the art of shaping wood, metal, ivory, or other hard substances into forms having a curved (generally circular or oval) transverse section, and also of engraving figures composed of curved lines upon a smooth surface, by means of a turning-lathe: (mil.) a manœuvre for turning an enemy's position: in pottery, the shaping of a vase: (pl.) chips; Turn′ing-lathe, a lathe used by turners; Turn′ing-point, the point on which a question turns, and which decides the case: a grave and critical period; Turn′ing-rest, a support on a lathe serving as a fulcrum for a hand turning-tool; Turn′ing-saw, a thin-bladed saw contrived for cutting curved wood for chair-backs, &c.—also Sweep-saw, Frame-saw, Scroll-saw; Turn′ing-steel, a piece of hard bar-steel for turning the edge of a tool, &c.; Turn′ing-tool, a tool for shaping the cutting edges of the tools used in seal-engraving; Turn′key, one who turns the keys in a prison: a warder; Turn′-out, the act of coming forth: a strike: a striker: a crowd of spectators: a carriage and its horses: quantity of produce yielded.—adj. Turn′over, made to be turned over or reversed.—n. act of turning over, upset, overthrow: a small pie made by turning half of the circular crust over the other which has been covered with fruit, &c.: an apprentice turned over to a new master to complete his apprenticeship: the total amount of the sales in a business for a specified time.—ns. Turn′pike, a gate set across a road to stop those liable to toll: a turnpike-road—originally a frame consisting of two cross-bars armed with pikes, and turning on a post; Turn′pike-man, a man who collects tolls at a tollgate; Turn′pike-road, a road on which turnpikes or tollgates are established; Turn′-screw, a screw-driver; Turn′skin, a werewolf; Turn′spit, one who turns a spit: a person engaged in some menial occupation: a long-bodied, short-legged dog employed to drive a wheel by which roasting-spits were turned—closely allied to the Dachshund (q.v.); Turn′stile, a revolving frame in a footpath which prevents the passage of cattle, but allows the passage of one person at a time; Turn′stile-reg′ister, a device for recording the number of persons passing through a turnstile; Turn′stone, a small grallatorial bird, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers, so called from its habit of turning over pebbles on the beach in search of food; Turn′-ta′ble (same as Traverse-table); Turn′-up, a disturbance: something that appears unexpectedly.—Turn about, to move the face or front to another quarter; Turn about, Turn and turn about, alternately; Turn a, or the, corner (see Corner); Turn a deaf ear to, to ignore; Turn adrift, to unmoor and let float away: to cast off; Turn again, to return: to make a stand; Turn against, to use to the injury of: to render hostile: to rebel against; Turn an enemy's flank, line, or position, to manœuvre so as to attack an enemy in the rear: to outwit; Turn a penny (see Penny); Turn around one's finger, to make any one subservient to one's will; Turn aside, to avert; to deviate: to avert the face; Turn away, to dismiss from service, to discharge: to avert, to look in another direction: to deviate, to depart from; Turn back, to cause to retreat: to return; Turn down, to double or fold down: to hide the face of: to lessen or lower; Turn forth, to expel; Turn in, to bend inward: to enter: (coll.) to go to bed; Turn into, to become by a process of change; Turn off, to deviate: to dismiss: to divert: to complete, achieve by labour: to shut off: (slang) to hang; Turn on, to set running (as water): to depend on: to confront in fight; Turn one's hand to, to apply one's self; Turn one's head, or brain, to make one giddy: to fill with pride or conceit; Turn out, to drive out, to expel: to put to pasture (as cattle): to make for market or for use: to project: to prove in the result: to muster: to leave one's work to take part in a strike: (coll.) to get out of bed; Turn over, to roll over: to change sides: to sell goods to the amount of: to examine by turning the leaves; Turn round, to reverse one's position or party; Turn the back, to flee, to retreat; Turn the back upon, to quit with contempt, to forsake; Turn the edge of, to blunt; Turn the scale, to decide, determine; Turn the stomach, to nauseate; Turn to, to have recourse to: to point to: to result in; Turn turtle (see Turtle); Turn up, to point upwards: to appear, happen: place with face up: to bring the point uppermost: to refer to in a book; Turn upon, to cast back upon, retort; Turn upside down, to throw into complete confusion.—Be turned of, to have advanced beyond—of age; By turns, one after another: at intervals; Ill turn, an injurious act: a change for the worse; In turn, in order of succession; Not to turn a hair, to be quite undisturbed or unaffected; On the turn, at the turning-point, changing; Serve a turn, to answer the purpose; Take one's turn, to occupy one's allotted place; Take turns, to take each the other's place alternately; To a turn, exactly, perfectly. [A.S. tyrnan; Ger. turnen; Fr. tourner; all from L. tornāre, to turn in a lathe—tornus, a turner's wheel—Gr. tornos.]

Turnagra, tur′nā-gra, n. a New Zealand genus of thrush-like birds.

Turner, tur′nėr, n. a Scotch copper coin worth 2d., issued by James VI. [Prob. turney.]

Turney, tur′ni, n. a copper coin current in Ireland under Edward III.—coined at Tours.

Turney, tur′ni, n. (Milt.)=Tourney.

Turnip, tur′nip, n. a biennial plant, with lyrate hispid leaves, the upper part of the root becoming, esp. in cultivation, swollen and fleshy—cultivated as a culinary esculent, and for feeding cattle and sheep.—n. Tur′nip-fly, a muscid fly whose maggots burrow in turnip-roots. [Perh. orig. turn-nep—turn, implying something round, and nep—A.S. nǽp, a turnip.]

Turnsole, turn′sōl, n. a name sometimes given to the Heliotrope and other plants, esp. to the euphorbiaceous Chrozophora tinctoria, from which a deep-purple dye is obtained. [Fr.,—tourner—sol, for soleil—L. sol, the sun.]

Turnus, tur′nus, n. the tiger-swallowtail, a black-striped United States butterfly.

Turpentine, tur′pen-tīn, n. a semi-solid resinous substance secreted by various coniferous trees (the name turpentine is commonly understood to mean the product of the Scotch pine, the swamp pine of America, and the Pinus maritima of France; Venice turpentine is obtained from the larch, and Chian turpentine from the 'Turpentine-tree'—see Pistachio): the oil or spirit of turpentine.—ns. Tur′pentine-moth, a moth whose larvæ bore into the twigs of pine and fir, causing exudation of resin and destroying the twig; Tur′pentine-tree, the terebinth-tree—Pistachia terebinthus.—adj. Tur′pentin′ic.—n. Turps, oil or spirits of turpentine. [O. Fr. turbentine—L. terebinthina (resina), (the resin) of the terebinth—Gr. terebinthos.]

Turpeth, tur′peth, n. the root of Ipomœa (Convolvulus) Turpethum, a Ceylon plant of cathartic properties.—Turpeth mineral, an old name for the yellow basic mercury sulphate.

Turpitude, tur′pi-tūd, n. baseness: extreme depravity or wickedness: vileness of principles and actions. [L. turpitudo—turpis, base.]

Turquet, turk′et, n. (Bacon) a figure of a Turk.

Turquoise, tur-koiz′, or tur-kēz′, n. an opaque greenish-blue mineral from Persia, valued as a gem, essentially a phosphate of alumina, harder than feldspar but softer than quartz, occurring as thin veins in slate rock.—n. Turquoise′-green, a pale colour between green and blue—also adj. [O. Fr.; because first brought through Turkey from Persia.]

Turret, tur′et, n. a small tower on a building and rising above it: a movable building containing soldiers, engines, &c., used in medieval sieges: a tower, often revolving, for offensive purposes, on land and water: the raised portion above an American railroad car, for ventilation, &c.—adj. Turr′eted, furnished with turrets: formed like a tower.—ns. Turr′et-gun, a gun designed for use in a revolving turret; Turr′et-ship, an ironclad ship-of-war, whose guns are placed in one or more revolving turrets placed on deck.—adjs. Turric′ulate, -d, having small turrets. [O. Fr. touret (Fr. tourelle).]

Turribant, tur′i-bant, n. (Spens.) a turban.

Turtle, tur′tl, Turtle-dove, tur′tl-duv, n. a genus of Columbidæ, of graceful build, with small head and slender bill, long wings, and long rounded tail, flying swiftly and noiselessly, noted for their beauty of form and colour, their soft cooing, and their affection towards each other and their young. [A.S. turtle; Ger. turtel, Fr. tourtereau, tourterelle; all from the L. name turtur.]

Turtle, tur′tl, n. any tortoise, but esp. the edible Green Turtle, prized for the soup made from its flesh, chief glory of aldermanic banquets—Calipash is the part of the animal that belongs to the upper shield, a fatty, gelatinous substance of a dull-greenish colour; Calipee, the yellowish meat of the lower shield.—v.t. to pursue turtles.—ns. Tur′tleback, a turtle-shaped projection on the bows or stern of a ship for the purpose of keeping off heavy seas; Tur′tler, a hunter of turtles; Tur′tle-shell, tortoise-shell: a turtle-cowry; Tur′tle-soup, a soup the chief ingredient of which is turtle meat; Turt′ling, the catching of turtles.—Green turtle, a species of turtle which attains great size and is the source of real turtle-soup—its eggs also are much prized; Mock turtle, a soup made of calf's head in lieu of turtle meat; Turn turtle, to capsize, as a boat. [A corr. of tortoise, or of Sp. tortuga, or Port. tartaruga, a tortoise.]

Tuscan, tus′kan, adj. of or belonging to Tuscany in Italy: denoting the simplest of the five classic orders of architecture, being a Roman modification of the Doric style, with unfluted columns, and without triglyphs. [L. Tuscanus.]

Tush, tush, n. (Shak.) a tusk.

Tush, tush, interj. pshaw! be silent! an exclamation of impatience, &c.—v.i. to express contempt, &c.

Tusk, tusk, n. a long, protruding tooth on either side of the mouth of certain animals: a sharp point: the share of a plough.—v.t. to gore with the tusks.—adjs. Tusked, Tusk′y.—n. Tusk′er, an elephant whose tusks are grown. [A.S. tusc, tux; Ice. toskr.]

Tuskar, tus′kar, n. an iron implement with wooden shaft, for cutting peat. [Ice. torfskeri—torf, turf, skera, to cut.]

Tusser-silk, tus′ėr-silk, n. a kind of dark fawn-coloured silk, generally made without brocading or patterns. [Hind. tassar—Sans. tassara, shuttle.]

Tussilago, tus-i-lā′gō, n. a genus of plants of the natural order Compositæ, suborder Corymbiferæ—the only British species, Tussilago farfara, sometimes called Colt's-foot. [L.]

Tussis, tus′is, n. a cough.—adj. Tussic′ular. [L.]

Tussle, tus′el, n. a struggle.—v.i. to struggle. [Tousle.]

Tussock, tus′ok, n. a tuft of grass or twigs.—ns. Tuss′ock-grass, a large grass of the same genus with the Cock's-foot Grass of Britain, native to the Falkland Islands, remarkable for forming great tufts—also Tuss′ac-grass; Tuss′ock-moth, a grayish-white moth about an inch long, the caterpillars of which do great mischief in hop-grounds, and are known as Hop-dogs.—adj. Tuss′ocky, abounding in tufts. [Perh. conn. with obs. tusk, a tuft; cf. Dan. dusk.]

Tussore. Same as Tusser-silk.

Tut, tut, interj. an exclamation of rebuke, or impatience, &c.—v.i. to express impatience by such.

Tut, tut, n. (prov.) a hassock—also Tote.—v.i. to project.

Tut, tut, n. a piece of work.—v.i. to work by the piece.—ns. Tut′work; Tut′worker; Tut′workman.

Tutamen, tū-tā′men, n. a defence or protection. [L.]

Tutania, tū-tā′ni-a, n. a kind of Britannia metal. [Tutty.]

Tutelage, tū′te-lāj, n. guardianship: state of being under a guardian.—adjs. Tū′telar, Tū′telary, protecting: having the charge of a person or place. [L. tutela—tutāri, to guard—tuēri, to see.]

Tutenag, tū′te-nag, n. the zinc imported into Europe from China and the East Indies during the 18th century. [Fr. tutenague, prob. from Pers. and Ar. tūtiya, an oxide of zinc, and -nāk, a suffix, or perh. Hind. nāga, lead.]

Tutiorism, tū′ti-or-izm, n. in R. C. moral theology, the doctrine that in a case of doubt between right and wrong one should take the safer course, i.e. the one in verbal accordance with the law—the same as Rigorism, and the opposite of Probabilism.—n. Tu′tiorist, a rigorist in foregoing sense. [L. tutior, safer, comp. of tutus, safe.]

Tutor, tū′tor, n. one who looks to or takes care of: one who has charge of the education of another: one who hears the lessons of and examines students: a teacher: (Scots law) a guardian of the person as well as of the estate of a boy under fourteen, or girl under twelve:—fem. Tū′toress.—v.t to instruct: to treat with authority or sternness.—n. Tū′torage, the office or authority of a tutor: education, as by a tutor.—adj. Tutō′rial, belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.—adv. Tutō′rially.—ns. Tū′toring; Tū′torism, Tū′torship; Tū′trix, a female guardian. [L. tutor, a guardian—tuēri, tuitus, to look to.]

Tutsan, tut′san, n. a species of St John's wort, once regarded as a panacea—also called Park-leaves. [O. Fr. toutesaine, tout—L. totus, all, sain—L. sanus, sound.]

Tutti, tōōt′ti, adj. (mus.) all together, as opposed to solo.—n. a concerted movement, rendered by all the voices or instruments together. [It., pl. of tutto, all—L. totus, all.]

Tutti-frutti, tōōt′ti-frōōt′ti, n. a confection, esp. ice-cream, flavoured with different kinds of fruit. [It.]

Tutty, tut′i, n. impure zinc protoxide. [O. Fr. tutie—Late L. tutia—Ar. tūtiya. Cf. Tutenag.]

Tutu, tōō′tōō, n. a New Zealand shrub whose black fruit makes a light wine resembling claret, while the seeds yield a poison like strychnine, and the bark, tannin—also called Tupa-kihi, Wineberry-shrub, and Toot-plant. [Maori.]

Tutulus, tū′tū-lus, n. a conical Etruscan female headdress:—pl. Tū′tulī. [L.]

Tuum, tū′um, adj. thine.—n. that which is thine. [L.]

Tu-whit, tū-hwit′, Tu-whoo, tū-hwōō′, n. an imitation of the note of the owl.—v.i. Tu-whoo′, to cry tu-whoo.

Tuyère. Same as Twyer (q.v.).

Tuza, tōō′za, n. Same as Tucan (q.v.).

Tuzz, tuz, n. (prov.) a tuft of wool, &c.—n. Tuz′zi-muzzy, a posy: the feather hyacinth.—adj. shaggy.—n. Tuz′zy (dim.), a tuft, cluster. [Tussock.]

Twaddle, twod′l, v.i. to talk in a silly manner.—n. silly talk: a senseless talker.—ns. Twadd′ler; Twadd′ling, twaddle or silly talk.—adj. Twadd′ly, consisting of twaddle. [Earlier form twattle, a variant of tattle.]

Twain, twān, n. two, a couple, pair.—In twain, asunder. [A.S. twégen (masc.), two.]

Twal, twäl, a Scotch form of twelve.

Twa-lofted, twä′-lof′ted, adj. (Scot.) having two lofts or stories.

Twang, twang, n. (prov.) a sharp flavour, an aftertaste. [Tang.]

Twang, twang, n. (Scot.) a twinge.

Twang, twang, n. a sharp, quick sound, as of a tight string when pulled and let go: a nasal tone of voice.—v.i. to sound as a tight string pulled and let go: to sound with a quick, sharp noise: to have a nasal sound.—v.t. to make to sound with a twang.—v.i. Twang′le, to twang frequently.—v.t. to cause to twangle. [Tang.]

Twank, twangk, v.i. to emit a twang.

'Twas, twoz, contraction of it was.

Twat, twot, n. pudendum muliebre.

Twattle, twot′l, v.i. to twaddle.—v.t. to repeat idly.—n. chatter: a dwarf.—ns. Twatt′ler, a chatterer; Twatt′ling, a chattering.—adj. gabbling: trifling. [Prob. related to Ice. thwætta, chatter.]

Tway, twā, adj. and n. (Spens.) twain, two.

Twayblade, twā′blād, n. a European orchid, a plant a foot high bearing a raceme of green flowers and a pair of broad ovate leaves—hence the name.

Tweak, twēk, v.t. to twitch, to pull: to pull with sudden jerks.—n. a sharp pinch or twitch: any perplexity. [A by-form of twitch.]

Tweed, twēd, n. a kind of woollen twilled cloth of various patterns, much used for men's suits.—adj. made of tweed. [From a mistaken reading of 'tweels' upon an invoice; not, as supposed, from the Tweed valley.]

Tweedle, twē′dl, v.t. to handle lightly: (obs.) to wheedle.—v.i. to wriggle.—n. a sound such as is made by a fiddle—hence the humorous formations Tweedledum, Tweedledee, used to indicate distinctions that are the slightest possible. [Perh. a variant of twiddle; also confused with wheedle.]

Tweel, Scotch variant of twill.

'Tween, a contraction of between.—adj. 'Tween′-deck, lodging between decks.—n. and adv. 'Tween′-decks.

Tweezers, twēz′ėrz, n.sing. nippers: small pincers for pulling out hairs, &c.—n. Tweez′er-case, a case for carrying tweezers. [Perh. traceable to A.S. twisel, a fork; some confusion is possible with obs. tweeze, a surgeon's case of instruments.]

Twelfth, twelfth, adj. the last of twelve.—n. one of twelve equal parts: (mus.) a tone twelve diatonic degrees above or below a given tone.—ns. Twelfth′-cake, an ornamental cake partaken of on Twelfth-night; Twelfth′-day, -tide, the twelfth day after Christmas, the Epiphany; Twelfth′-night, the eve of Twelfth-day or evening before Epiphany. [A.S. twelfta—twelf.]

Twelve, twelv, adj. ten and two.—n. the number next after eleven: the figures representing twelve: (pl.) same as duodecimo.—ns. Twelve′-mo, same as duodecimo, written 12mo; Twelve′-month, twelve months: a year.—adjs. Twelve′-penn′y, worth a shilling: trifling, insignificant; Twelve′score, twelve times twenty, or two hundred and forty.—n. twelvescore yards, a common range in archery, used also in measurements.—Twelve-day writ, a writ in actions on bills, &c., warning defendant to appear within twelve days, otherwise judgment would go against him; Twelve Tables, the name given to the earliest code of Roman law, civil, criminal, and religious, made by the decemvirs in 451-449 B.C.—Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, a work of the 2d century after Christ, in which, on the model of Jacob's blessing of the tribes in Genesis xlix., discourses and prophecies of Christ are put into the mouths of the fathers of Israel; The Twelve, the twelve apostles. [A.S. twelf (Ger. zwölf, and Goth. twa-lif), that is 'two and ten' (for twá-, cf. Two; and for -lif, cf. Eleven).]

Twenty, twen′ti, adj. twice ten: nineteen and one: an indefinite number.—n. the number next after nineteen: the figures representing twenty: an old English division of infantry.—adj. Twen′tieth, next after the nineteenth.—n. one of twenty equal parts of anything.—adv. Twen′tyfold, twenty times as many.—adj. Twen′ty-four, twenty and four.—n. the number made up of four and twenty: (pl., print.) a form of composed type or plates containing twenty-four leaves or forty-eight pages, properly arranged for printing and folding: a book made up of sections of twenty-four pages.—n. Twen′ty-four′-mo, written 24mo, a leaf from a sheet of paper folded for a book in twenty-four equal parts: a book made up of leaves folded in twenty-four equal parts. [A.S. twentig, from twén=twegen, twain, two—tig (Goth. tigjus), ten; Ger. zwanzig.]

'Twere, contraction of it were.

Twibill, twī′bil, n. a double-headed battle-axe. [A.S. twi-, two, bill, a bill.]

Twice, twīs, adv. two times: once and again: doubly.—n. Twī′cer, one who is both compositor and pressman.—adj. Twice′-told, told twice: hackneyed.—At twice, at two distinct times. [A.S. twíges—twíwa—twá, two.]

Twiddle, twid′l, v.t. to twirl idly, to play with.—v.i. to revolve: to trifle with something.—n. a twirl of the fingers.—ns. Twidd′ler; Twidd′ling-line, formerly a piece of small rope for steadying the steering-wheel: a string attached to a compass-gimbal, by which the compass-card may be started so as to play freely.—Twiddle one's fingers, to be idle. [Ety. dub.]

Twifold, twī′fōld, adj. (Spens.) twofold.

Twig, twig, n. a small shoot or branch of a tree: a divining-rod.—v.i. to be active.—adjs. Twig′gen (Shak.), covered with osier; Twig′gy, abounding in twigs or shoots; Twig′some, full of twigs. [A.S. twíg—twí-, double; Ger. zweig.]

Twig, twig, v.t. (slang) to observe narrowly: to understand.—v.i. to understand, see. [Prob. Ir. tuigim, discern; cf. Gael. tuig, understand.]

Twight, twīt, v.t. (Spens.) to twit.

Twilight, twī′līt, n. the faint light after sunset and before sunrise: an uncertain view: partial darkness.—adj. of twilight: faintly illuminated: obscure.—v.t. to illuminate faintly.—Twilight of the gods, the same as Ragnarök (q.v.). [Lit. ''tween light,' A.S. twí-, from twá, two, and light.]

'Twill, contraction of it will.

Twill, twil, or Tweel, twēl, n. a woven fabric, in which the warp is raised one thread, and depressed two or more threads for the passage of the weft—thus giving a curious appearance of diagonal lines: a fabric with a twill.—v.t. to weave with a twill. [Low Ger. twillen, to make double, twill, a forked branch; cf. Sw. tvilling, twin, Ger. zwillich, twill.]

Twilled, twild, adj. (Shak., Tempest, iv. 64) a dubious word, either 'hedged,' from twill, to weave with a twill, or more probably 'covered with reeds or sedges,' from obsolete twill, a reed.

Twilly, twil′i, n. a cotton-cleaning machine: willowing-machine. [Willow.]

Twilt, twilt, n. (Scot.) a quilt.

Twin, twin, v.i. (obs.) to be parted in twain.—v.t. to part in twain: to deprive. [See next word.]

Twin, twin, n. a pair: one of two born at a birth: one very like another: a union of two similar crystals, or of two halves of one crystal holding a reversed position to each other, as if one had been turned half round about an axis (the twinning axis), perpendicular to a plane (the twinning plane), which is not for either a plane of symmetry.—adj. twofold, double: being one of two born at a birth: very like another: consisting of two parts nearly alike.—v.t. to couple, mate.—v.i. to be born at the same birth: to bring forth two at once: to be paired or suited:—pr.p. twin′ning; pa.p. twinned.—adj. Twin′-born, born at the same birth.—ns. Twin′-broth′er, one of two brothers who are twins; Twin′-flower, a slender, creeping evergreen—Linnæa borealis; Twin′ling.—adj. Twinned, produced at one birth: united.—ns. Twin′ning; Twin′-screw, a steam-vessel with two propellers on separate shafts; Twin′ship; Twin′-sis′ter, one of two sisters who are twins.—The Twins, the constellation Gemini. [A.S. getwinn, twinn, double—twí, two.]

Twine, twīn, n. a cord composed of two or more threads twisted together: a twist: an intertwining.—v.t. to wind, as two threads together: to twist together: to wind about: to encircle: to blend, intermingle.—v.i. to unite closely: to bend: to make turns: to ascend spirally round a support.—ns. Twine′-hold′er, a case for holding a ball of twine to be unwinded as required; Twī′ner, one who, or that which, twines.—adj. Twī′ning, twisting, winding.—adv. Twī′ningly. [A.S. twín, double-thread (Dut. twijn)—twí-, double.]

Twine, twīn, a variant of twin, to separate.

Twinge, twinj, v.t. to twitch or pinch: to affect with a sharp, sudden pain.—v.i. to have or suffer a sudden, sharp pain, like a twitch.—n. a twitch, a pinch: a sudden, sharp pain. [M. E. twingen, cog. with Ger. zwingen, to constrain; also with Ger. zwangen, to press.]

Twink, twingk, n. (Shak.) a twinkle, a wink.

Twink, twingk, v.t. to twitter, chirp.

Twinkle, twing′kl, v.i. to blink: to shine with a trembling, sparkling light: to sparkle: to open and shut the eyes rapidly: to quiver.—ns. Twink′le, Twink′ling, a quick motion of the eye: the time occupied by a wink: an instant: the scintillation of the fixed stars; Twink′ler. [A.S. twinclian.]

Twinter, twin′tėr, n. (Scot.) a beast two years old.

Twire, twīr, v.i. (obs.) to glance obliquely: (Shak.) to twinkle, to gleam—also Tweer.—n. a shy look. [Cf. Bavarian zwiren, to spy, glance. Cf. Queer and Thwart.]

Twire, twīr, v.t. (obs.) to twist, twirl. [Perh. conn. with A.S. thweran, to stir, churn; cf. Old High Ger. dweran, to stir.]

Twirk, twirk, n. (Scot.) a twitch.

Twirl, twėrl, v.t. to turn round rapidly, esp. with the fingers.—v.i. to turn round rapidly: to be whirled round.—n. a whirl: a rapid circular motion.—n. Twirl′er.—Twirl one's thumbs, to do nothing, be idle. [A.S. thwirel, a whisk for whipping milk—thweran, to churn, stir; Ger. quirl, querl, a stirring-spoon; cf. Ice. thvara, a stick for stirring, Gr. toryne, L. trua.]

Twissel, twis′l, adj. (obs.) double.—n. anything double.—adj. Twiss′el-tongued, double-tongued.

Twist, twist, v.t. to twine: to unite or form by winding together: to form from several threads: to encircle with something: to wreathe: to wind spirally: to turn from the true form or meaning: to fabricate, compose: to cause to move spirally, to bend: to wrest, wrench: to insinuate.—v.i. to be united by winding: to be bent, to move spirally: to revolve: to writhe.—n. that which is twisted: a cord: a single thread: manner of twisting: a contortion: a small roll of tobacco: a strong silk thread: (obs.) coarse cloth: a wrench, strain: a peculiar bent, perversion: (slang) a mixed drink, also an appetite for food.—adjs. Twist′able; Twist′ed.—n. Twīst′er, one who, or that which, twists: a whirling wind, a tornado: the inner part, of the thigh of a rider on horseback: a ball, as in cricket, billiards, &c., sent with a twist.—v.t. Twist′le (Scot.), to twist.—n. a wrench.—Twist of the wrist, the turning movement of the wrist in any work requiring dexterity, any quick action. [A.S. twist, a rope—twí-, two; Ger. zwist, discord.]

Twit, twit, v.t. to remind of some fault, &c.:—pr.p. twit′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. twit′ted.—n. a reproach.—n. Twit′ter.—adj. Twit′ting.—adv. Twit′tingly, in a twitting manner. [A.S. æt-witan, to reproach—æt, against, witan (Scot. wyte, Ger. ver-weisen), to blame.]

Twitch, twich, v.t. to pull with a sudden jerk: to pluck: to snatch.—v.i. to be suddenly jerked: to move spasmodically: to carp, sneer.—n. a sudden, quick pull: a spasmodic contraction of the muscles: a loop fixed to a stick for fixing on the upper lip of a refractory horse during shoeing, &c.: the sudden narrowing almost to nothing of a vein of ore.—ns. Twitch′er; Twitch′ing. [A.S. twiccian, to pluck; Ger. zwicken.]

Twitch-grass=Couch-grass.

Twitter, twit′ėr, n. a chirp, as of a bird: a tremulous broken sound: a slight trembling of the nerves.—v.i. to make a succession of small tremulous noises: to feel a slight trembling of the nerves, to palpitate.—v.t. to chirp out.—ns. Twitterā′tion, a flutter; Twitt′ering, act of twittering: the sound of twittering: nervous excitement.—adv. Twitt′eringly. [A freq. of twit, allied to titter, &c.; cf. Ger. zwitschern, Sw. qvittra.]

Twitter-bone, twit′ėr-bōn, n. an excrescence on a horse's hoof.—adj. Twitt′er-boned, shaky.

Twit-twat, twit′-twot, n. the house sparrow.

'Twixt. Abbreviation for betwixt.

Twizzle, twiz′l, v.i. (prov.) to roll and twist.

Two, tōō, adj. one and one.—n. the sum of one and one: a figure representing two: a pair.—n. Two′-deck′er, a vessel of war carrying guns on two decks.—adjs. Two′-edged, having two edges; Two′-faced, having two faces, hence double-dealing, false; Two′fold, folded twice: multiplied by two: double.—adv. doubly.—adjs. Two′-forked, Twī′-forked, double-pronged, bifurcate; Two′-front′ed, having fronts on opposite sides; Two′-hand′ed, having, or used with, two hands: ambidexterous, handy: to be used by two persons; Two′-head′ed, having two heads: directed by two authorities; Two′-leaved, having two distinct leaves; Two′-legged, furnished with two legs; Two′-line (print.), having a depth of body equal to double that of the size specified, as two-line nonpareil or pica; Two′-lipped, having two lips: divided so as to resemble two lips; Two′-mast′ed, having two masts; Two′-nee′dle, perforated with two needles.—n. Two′ness, the state of being two, doubleness.—adj. Two′-part′ed, bipartite, divided into two nearly to the base.—n. Twopence (tup′ens, or tōō′pens), the sum of two pennies: (Shak.) a gilt coin worth two pence.—adj. Twopenny (tup′en-i, or tōō′pen-i), of the value of twopence: cheap, worthless.—n. ale sold at twopence a quart.—adjs. Two′-ply, consisting of two thicknesses: woven double; Two′-ranked, alternately arranged in two exactly opposite rows, distichous, bifarious; Two′-sid′ed, having two surfaces, or two aspects or phases: facing two ways, turned in two directions, often with implied sense of double-dealing or deceit; Two′some, two, twofold; Two′-tongued, double-tongued, deceitful; Two′-way, arranged so as to permit a fluid to be turned into either of two channels: (math.) having a double mode of variation; Twī′-nā′tured, Twy′-nā′tured, double natured—human and animal in one.—Be two, to be at variance; In two, asunder. [A.S. twá (fem.), twégen (masc.), twa, tú (neut.); Ger. zwei, Goth. twai; also Gr. dyo, L. duo, Sans. dva, Gael. da, do.]

Twyer, twī′ėr, n. a tube through which the blast of air enters a blast-furnace.—Also Tuy′ere, Tweer, Tuy′er, Twi′er. [Fr. tuyère, a nozzle.]

Tyburn, tī′burn, n. the historic place of execution in London.—ns. Ty′burn-tick′et, a certificate of exemption from certain parochial offices formerly granted to the prosecutor of a felon to conviction; Ty′burn-tipp′et, a halter; Ty′burn-tree, the gallows.

Tyche, tī′kē, n. (Gr. myth.) the goddess of fortune.

Tychonic, tī-kon′ik, adj. pertaining to the Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), or his system.

Tycoon, tī-kōōn′, n. the title by which the Shoguns of Japan were known to foreigners from 1854 to 1868.—n. Tycoon′āte, the shogunate. [Jap. taikun, great prince—Chin. ta, great, kiun, prince.]

Tye, tī, v.t. to wash ore in a tye.—n. a narrow buddle or inclined hutch for washing ore. [Prob. A.S. thweán, to wash.]

Tye, tī, n. an old form of tie: a runner of thick rope or chain, which forms part of the purchase used for hoisting the topsail and top-gallant yards.—ns. Tye′-block, the block on the yard through which the tye is rove, and passes on to be secured at the masthead; Ty′ing, the act of fastening, a fastening.

Tyke. See Tike.

Tylarus, til′a-rus, n. one of the fleshy pads of the toe:—pl. Tyl′arī. [Gr. tylos, a knot.]

Tyle-berry, tīl′-ber′i, n. the coral-plant.

Tyler=Tiler (q.v.).

Tylopod, tī′lō-pod, adj. having padded digits, as the camel.—n. one of the Tylopoda. [Gr. tylos, a knot, pous, podos, a foot.]

Tylosis, tī-lō′sis, n. (bot.) a growth formed in the cavity of a duct by intrusion from a contiguous growing cell: an inflammation of the eyelids: callosity:—pl. Tylō′ses.—adj. Tylot′ic. [Gr.]

Tylote, tī′lōt, n. a cylindrical spicule, knobbed at both ends.—adj. Ty′lōtāte. [Gr. tylōtos—tylos, a knot.]

Tymbal=Timbal (q.v.).

Tymp, timp, n. the crown of the opening in front of the hearth in a blast-furnace.

Tympan, tim′pan, n. an ancient Irish musical instrument: a frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank sheets are placed to be impressed. [Fr.,—L. tympanum, a drum.]

Tympanum, tim′pan-um, n. (anat.) the membrane which separates the external from the internal ear, often called the drum of the ear: in certain birds, the labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe: (archit.) the triangular space between sloping and horizontal cornices, or in the corners or sides of an arch: the panel of a door: a water-raising current wheel, originally drum-shaped.—adjs. Tym′panal, Tympan′ic, like a drum: pertaining to the tympanum.—n. a bone of the ear, supporting the drum-membrane.—adj. Tym′paniform, like a tympanum.—ns. Tym′panist, one who plays a drum; Tympanī′tēs, flatulent distension of the belly.—adj. Tympanit′ic.—ns. Tympanī′tis, inflammation of the membrane of the ear; Tym′pany, any swelling, turgidity: tympanites.—Tympanic membrane, the drum-membrane of the ear; Tympanic resonance, the peculiar high-pitched quality of sound produced by percussion over the intestines, &c., when they contain air; Tympanic ring, an annular tympanic bone, to which the tympanic membrane is attached. [L.,—Gr. tympanon, typanon, a kettledrum—typtein, to strike.]

Tynde, tīnd, pa.t. and pa.p. (Spens.) kindled.

Tyne, tīn, v.i. (Spens.) to become lost, to perish.

Tyne, tīn, n. (Spens.) anxiety.

Tynewald, Tinewald, tin′wold, n. the parliament of the Isle of Man. [Cf. Shetland tingwall—Ice. thing-völlr—ting, a parliament, völlr, a wood.]

Type, tīp, n. a mark or figure struck or stamped upon something: an emblem or figure of something to come, esp. the foreshadowing in the Old Testament of something realised in the New (the antitype): an exemplar, pattern: a representative style, model: the principal device on a coin or medal: a model in nature made the subject of a copy: (nat. hist.) that which combines best the characteristics of a group: the order in which the symptoms of a disease exhibit themselves: a chemical compound which represents the composition and structure of many more complex compounds, esp. Gerhardt's four types—hydrochloric acid, water, ammonia, and marsh-gas: a piece of metal, wood, or other material, on one end of which is cast or engraved a character, sign, &c. used in printing (the sizes are designated by different names in respect of their body—i.e. the depths of the face which comes in contact with the ink plus the bevel and beard. Again, differences in width render the type fat or lean, or, if strongly marked, extended or condensed; differences in style or face are endless—Roman and Italic compose the text of all books in English; Antique (1), Gothic (2), Clarendon (3), and Black-letter (4) are approved styles for display. In America types are designated according to the number of 'points' of which the body consists. The point is 1⁄12 of a Pica; Nonpareil would accordingly be called six points. On the Continent the point is 1⁄12 of a Cicero, a body between Pica and English): the whole types used in printing.—v.t. to constitute a type of: to reproduce in type: to typify.—adj. Ty′pal.—ns. Type′-bar, a line of type cast in one piece, as in a linotype or typograph; Type′-block, a body of metal or wood on which a type is cut or cast; Type′-cast′ing, the act of founding type in moulds; Type′-cut′ter, one who engraves dies for printing-types; Type′-cyl′inder, the cylinder of a rotary printing-machine on which types or plates are fastened for printing; Type′-found′er, one who founds or casts printers' type; Type′-found′ing; Type′-found′ry, a place where type is founded or manufactured; Type′-gauge, a type-measure: a gauge for estimating the size of type.—adj. Type′-high, of the standard height of type—of a woodcut, &c.—ns. Type′-hold′er, a bookbinder's pallet or holder for use in hand-stamping; Typem′bryo, an embryo at the stage when it first exhibits the type of structure of the phylum or sub-kingdom to which it belongs; Type′-met′al, metal used for making types, a compound of tin, antimony, copper, and lead; Type′-scale, a measuring-rod for type; Type′-set′ter, a compositor: a machine which combines types in proper order for printing; Type′-set′ting.—v.t. and v.i. Type′write, to produce by means of a typewriter: to practise typewriting.—ns. Type′writer, a machine for producing legible characters on paper by mechanical means without the use of a pen: an operator on a typewriting machine; Type′writing.—adjs. Typ′ic, -al, pertaining to, or constituting, a type: emblematic: figurative: (nat. hist.) combining the characteristics of a group: connotative, indicative.—n. Typical′ity.—adv. Typ′ically.—ns. Typ′icalness; Typificā′tion; Typifī′er.—v.t. Typ′ify, to make a type of: to represent by an image or resemblance: to prefigure:—pa.p. and pa.t. typ′ifīed.—ns. Ty′pist, one who uses a typewriter; Typo (tī′pō), a compositor; Ty′pocosmy (Bacon), universal terminology; Ty′pograph, a machine for making and setting type; Typog′rapher, a printer; Typograph′ia (pl.), miscellany relating to printers and printing: (sing.) a book of instruction in printing.—adjs. Typograph′ic, -al, pertaining to typography or printing.—adv. Typograph′ically.—ns. Typog′raphist, a student of typography; Typog′raphy, the art of printing: (orig.) the art of representing by types or symbols: the general appearance of printed matter.—adj. Typolog′ical, pertaining to typology.—ns. Typol′ogy, the doctrine of Scripture types or figures; Typomā′nia, a craze for printing one's lucubrations.—Type genus (biol.), a generic type; Type species (biol.), a specific type.—Unity of type, the fundamental agreement in structure seen in organic beings of the same class or order. [Fr. type—L. typus—Gr. typos—typtein, to strike.]