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Ælfrics Grammatik und Glossar

INCIPIVNT EXCERPTIONES DE ARTE GRAMMATICA ANGLICE.

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INCIPIVNT EXCERPTIONES DE ARTE GRAMMATICA ANGLICE.

Secundum donatum omnis uox aut articulata est aut confusa. articulata est, quae litteris conprehendi potest; confusa, quae scribi non potest. stemn is geslagen lyft gefrêdendlîc on hlyste, swâ micel swâ on ðǣre heorcnunge is. ic secge nû gewislîcor, þæt ǣlc stemn byð geworden of ðæs mûðes clypunge and of ðǣre lyfte cnyssunge. se mûð drîfð ût ðâ clypunge, and sêo lyft byð geslagen mid ðǣre clypunge and gewyrð tô stemne. ǣlc stemn is oððe andgytfullîc oððe gemenged. andgytfullîc stemn is, þe mid andgyte bið geclypod, swâswâ ys arma uirumque cano ic herige þâ wǣpnu and ðone wer. gemenged stemn is, þe bið bûtan andgyte, swylc swâ is hryðera gehlôw and horsa hnǣgung, hunda gebeorc, trêowa brastlung et cetera.

DE LITTERA.

Littera is stæf on englisc and is se læsta dǣl on bôcum and untôdǣledlîc. wê tôdǣlað þâ bôc tô cwydum and syððan ðâ cwydas tô dǣlum, eft ðâ dǣlas tô stæfgefêgum and syððan þâ stæfgefêgu tô stafum: þonne bêoð ðâ stafas untôdǣledlîce; forðan ðe nân stæf ne byð nâht, gif hê gǣð on twâ. ǣlc stæf hæfð þrêo ðing: nomen, figura, potestas, þæt is, nama and hiw and miht. nama, hû hê gehâten byð: a, b, c. hiw, hû hê gesceapen byð. miht, hwæt hê mæge betwux ôðrum stafum. sôðlîce on lêdensprǣce synd þrêo and twentig stafa: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, x, y, z. of ðâm syndon fîf uocales, þæt synd clypjendlîce: a, e, i, o, u. ðâs fîf stafas ætêowjað heora naman þurh hî sylfe and bûtan ðâm stafum ne mæg nân word bêon âwriten, and for ðî hî synd quinque uocales gehâtene. tô ðisum is genumen se grêcisca y for intingan grêciscra namena, and se ylca y is on engliscum gewritum swîðe gewunelîc. ealle ðâ ôðre stafas syndon gehâtene consonantes, þæt is, samod swêgende; forðan ðe hî swêgaþ mid ðâm fîf clypjendlîcum. ðonne bêoð gyt of þâm samod swêgendum sume semiuocales, þæt synd healfclypjende; sume syndon mutae, þæt synd dumbe. semiuocales syndon seofan: f, l, m, n, r, s, x. þâs syndon healfclypjende gecîgede, forðan ðe hî nabbað fulle clypunge, swâswâ ðâ quinque uocales. and þâ syx ongynnað of ðâm stæfe e and geendjað on him sylfum. x âna ongynð of þâm stæfe i æfter ûðwitena tǣcinge. þâ ôðre nigon consonantes synd gecwedene mutae, þæt synd dumbe. hî ne synd nâ mid ealle dumbe, ac hî habbað lytle clypunge. þâ synd: b, c, d, g, h, k, p, q, t. þâs ongynnað of him sylfum and geendjað on ðâm clypjendlîcum stafum. b, c, d, g, p, t geendjað on e. h and k geendjað on a æfter rihte. q geendað on u. z êac, se grêcisca stæf, geendað on a. se stæf is genumen of grêcum tô lêdensprǣce for grêciscum wordum. i and u bêoð âwende tô consonantes, gif hî bêoð tôgædere gesette oððe mid ôðrum swêgendlîcum. gyf ðû cwyst nû iudex, þonne byð se i consonans. gif ðû cwest uir, þonne bið se u consonans. ianua, hêr is se i consonans. uatis, hêr is se u consonans. ðâs twegen stafas habbað mâran mihte, þonne wê hêr secgan wyllað. êac wê mihton be eallum þâm ôðrum stafum menigfealdlîce sprecan, gif hit on englisc gedafenlîc wǣre.

DE SILLABA.

Syllaba is stæfgefêg on ânre orðunge geendod. a domo fram hûse: hêr is se a for ânum stæfgefêge. ab homine fram ðâm menn: hêr is se ab ân stæfgefêg. hwîlon byð þæt stæfgefêg on ânum stæfe, hwîlon on twâm, swâswâ wê ǣr sǣdon; hwîlon on þrîm stafum: arx wîghûs; hwîlon on fêowor: pars dǣl; hwîlon on fîf: stans standende; hwîlon on syx: stirps stybb oððe mǣgð.

DE DIPTONGIS.

Dyptongus is twŷfeald swêg oððe twŷfeald stæfgefêg, and ðâra synd fêowor: ân on ae: musae, poetae; on þisum namum synd ðâ twegen stafas a and e tô ânre dyptongon getealde. ôðer dyptongon ys au: aurum gold; þridda eu: eurus sûðêasterne wind; fêorða ys oe: poena wîte, foenum gærs oððe strêow. ne sprece wê hêr nâ mâre be ðisum.

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