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The Kathá Sarit Ságara

Volume 2 / Book 16 — Chapter CXIII.

C. H. (Charles Henry) Tawney translation

When Naraváhanadatta on the Black Mountain had thus taken away the virtuous Suratamanjarí from his brother-in-law Ityaka, who had carried her off, and had reprimanded him, and had given her back to her husband, and was sitting in the midst of the hermits, the sage Kaśyapa came and said to him, “There never was, king, and there never will be an emperor like you, since you do not allow passion and other feelings of the kind to influence your mind, when you are sitting on the seat of judgment. Fortunate are they who ever behold such a righteous lord as you are; for, though your empire is such as it is, no fault can be found with you.

“But Tárávaloka alone, who was by birth a mighty human king, and obtained by his virtuous deeds the imperial sovereignty over the Vidyádharas, long enjoyed the high fortune of empire without falling into sin, and at last abandoned it of his own accord, out of distaste for all worldly pleasures, and went to the forest. Thus in old times did most of the Vidyádhara emperors, puffed up with the attainment of their high rank, abandon the right path, and fall, blinded with passion. So you must always be on your guard against slipping from the path of virtue, and you must take care that your Vidyádhara subjects do not swerve from righteousness.”

When the hermit Kaśyapa said this to Naraváhanadatta, the latter approved his speech, and said to him with deferential courtesy, “How did Tárávaloka, being a man, obtain in old time the sway over the Vidyádharas? Tell me, reverend Sir.” When Kaśyapa heard this, he said, “Listen, I will tell you his story.”

Story of Tárávaloka.

Then the enemies of Tárávaloka, seeing his elephant Kuvalayapíḍa, his two sons, and his reputation for generosity, said to their Bráhmans, “Go and ask Tárávaloka to give you his elephant Kuvalayapíḍa. If he gives it you, we shall be able to take from him his kingdom, as he will be deprived of that bulwark; if he refuses to give it, his reputation for generosity will be at an end.” When the Bráhmans had been thus entreated, they consented, and asked Tárávaloka, that hero of generosity, for that elephant. Tárávaloka said to himself, “What do Bráhmans mean by asking for a mighty elephant? So I know for certain that they have been put up to asking me by some one. Happen what will, I must give them my splendid elephant, for how can I let a suppliant go away without obtaining his desire, while I live?” After going through these reflections, Tárávaloka gave the elephant to those Bráhmans with unwavering mind.

Then Tárávaloka went on his way, with no possessions but a chariot and horses for the conveyance of his children; but some other Bráhmans asked him for the horses belonging to the chariot; he gave them to them immediately, and drew the chariot himself, with the assistance of his wife to convey those tender young sons to the forest. Then, as he was wearied out in the middle of the forest, another Bráhman came up to him, and asked him for his horseless chariot. He gave it to him without the slightest hesitation, and the resolute fellow, going along on his feet, with his wife and sons, at last with difficulty reached the grove of mortification. There he took up his abode at the foot of a tree, and lived with deer for his only retinue, nobly waited on by his wife Mádrí. And the forest regions ministered to the heroic prince, while living in this kingdom of devotion; their clusters of flowers waving in the wind were his beautiful chowries, broad-shaded trees were his umbrellas, leaves his bed, rocks his thrones, bees his singing-women, and various fruits his savoury viands.

Then the virtuous Mádrí slowly returned tired from a remote part of the forest to her husband’s hermitage, bringing with her flowers, fruits and roots. And she saw her husband, who had his face sadly fixed on the ground, but she could not see anywhere those sons of hers, though their toys, in the form of horses, chariots, and elephants of clay, were scattered about. Her heart foreboded calamity, and she said excitedly to her husband “Alas! I am ruined! Where are my little sons?” Her husband slowly answered her, “Blameless one, I gave those two little sons away to a poor Bráhman, who asked for them.” When the good lady heard that, she rose superior to her distraction, and said to her husband, “Then you did well: how could you allow a suppliant to go away disappointed?” When she said this, the equally matched goodness of that married couple made the earth tremble, and the throne of Indra rock.

In the meanwhile that old Bráhman took with him those sons of Tárávaloka, whom he had received as a Bráhman’s fee, and losing his way, arrived, as Fate would have it, at the city of that king Chandrávaloka, and proceeded to sell those princes in the market. Then the citizens recognised those two boys, and went and informed king Chandrávaloka, and took them with the Bráhman into his presence. The king, when he saw his grandsons, shed tears, and after he had questioned the Bráhman, and had heard the state of the case from him, he was for a long time divided between joy and grief. Then, perceiving the exceeding virtue of his son, he at once ceased to care about a kingdom, though his subjects entreated him to remain, but with his wealth he bought those two grandsons from the Bráhman, and taking them with him, went with his retinue to the hermitage of his son Tárávaloka.

When Lakshmí said this, Tárávaloka, after bowing at the feet of his father, mounted that celestial elephant, with her, and his wife, and his sons, in the sight of all the inhabitants of the hermitage, and surrounded by the kings of the Vidyádharas went through the air to their domain. There the distinctive sciences of the Vidyádharas repaired to him, and he long enjoyed supreme sway, but at last becoming disgusted with all worldly pleasures, he retired to a forest of ascetics.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · See Vol. I, p. 174, and ff. and Vol. II, p. 307, and ff.Note 2 · The Petersburg lexicographers spell the word Śibi. This story is really the same as the XVIth of Ralston’s Tibetan Tales which begins on pagNote 3 · The word saumya means “pleasing” and also “moon-like”; kalá in the next line means “digit of the moon” and also “accomplishment.”Note 4 · I read satráṇi or sattráṇi for pátráṇi which would mean “fit recipients.” I find sattráṇi in MS. No. 1882.Note 5 · A perpetually recurring pun! Guṇa in Sanskrit means “bowstring” and also “virtue,” and is an unfailing source of temptation to our author.Note 6 · This story was evidently composed at a time when the recollections of the old clan-system were vivid in the minds of the Hindus. See Rhys DaNote 7 · I read anyánupayoginyá which I find in MS. No. 3003. No. 1882 has anyánupabhoginyá. In the other MS. the passage is omitted. Another syllablNote 8 · Cp. Richard II, V. 1. 35.Note 9 · India Office MS. No. 1882 reads nitau; the other two seem to omit the lines altogether.Note 10 · As Anáthapiṇḍika gives the Jetavana garden to Buddha in the Bharhut Sculptures; see also p. 329 of this volume.Note 11 · The pun is intelligible enough: dvija means “Bráhman” and also “bird”: áśágata means “coming from every quarter” and “coming in hope to get Note 12 · tat should not be separated from the next word.Note 13 · The three India Office MSS. read apacháram̱ tvam̱. The Sanskrit College MS. gives apavdram̱.Note 14 · The metre shows that ’sta is a misprint for ’sita. All the three India Office MSS. read ’sita. So does the Sanskrit College MS.Note 15 · “There were in former days Ṛishabha and other emperors; and they, being seized with various faults, were ruined and fell from their high estNote 16 · There lived among the Śivis2 a king of the name of Chandrávaloka; that sovereign had a head-wife named Chandralekhá. Her race was as spotlesNote 17 · And when his youth came to an end, that king had a son, with auspicious marks, born to him by his queen Chandralekhá. He gave the son the naNote 18 · Then his father, the king Chandrávaloka, brought for that son of his the daughter of the king of the Madras, named Mádrí. And when he was maNote 19 · Then he had two twin sons born to him by Mádrí, and the father called them Ráma and Lakshmaṇa. And the boys grew like the love and joy of thNote 20 · Then Chandrávaloka’s subjects, seeing that splendid elephant being led away by those Bráhmans, went in a rage to the king, and said, “Your sNote 21 · When Chandrávaloka had been thus addressed by the citizens, he sent his son a message in accordance with their demands through the warder. WNote 22 · Now, one day, his wife Mádrí left the hermitage to gather fruits and flowers for him with her own hands, and a certain old Bráhman came and Note 23 · Then Indra saw by his profound meditation that the world was made to tremble by virtue of the heroic generosity of Mádrí and Tárávaloka. TheNote 24 · There he saw him with matted hair, wearing a dress of bark, looking like a great tree, the advantages of which are enjoyed by birds coming fNote 25 · Then the king gave back to Tárávaloka his sons Ráma and Lakshmaṇa, saying that he had purchased them, and while they were relating to one anNote 26 · “Thus Tárávaloka, though a man, acquired in old time by his deeds of spotless virtue the sovereignty of all the Vidyádharas. But others, aftNote 27 · When the hermit Kaśyapa had told this story, and had thus admonished Naraváhanadatta, that emperor promised to follow his advice. And he hadNote 28 · Glory to Śiva, who assumes various forms; who, though his beloved takes up half his body,1 is an ascetic, free from qualities, the due objec
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