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The Kathá Sarit Ságara

Volume 2 / Book 3 — Chapter XX.

C. H. (Charles Henry) Tawney translation

Then the king of Vatsa, while encamped in Lávánaka to rest his army, said in secret to Yaugandharáyaṇa, “Through your sagacity I have conquered all the kings upon the earth, and they being won over by politic devices will not conspire against me. But this king of Benares, Brahmadatta, is an ill-conditioned fellow, and he alone, I think, will plot against me; what confidence can be reposed in the wicked-minded?” Then Yaugandharáyaṇa, being spoken to in this strain by the king, answered, “O king, Brahmadatta will not plot against you again, for when he was conquered and submitted, you shewed him great consideration; and what sensible man will injure one who treats him well? Whoever does, will find that it turns out unfortunately for himself, and on this point, listen to what I am going to say; I will tell you a tale.”

Story of Phalabhúti.

Story of Kuvalayávalí and the witch Kálarátri.

Long ago, when I was living in my father’s house, I was thus addressed, while enjoying myself in the garden during the spring festival, by my friends who met me there; “There is in this pleasure-garden an image of Gaṇeśa, the god of gods, in the middle of an arbour made of trees, and that image grants boons, and its power has been tested. Approach with devout faith that granter of petitions, and worship him, in order that you may soon obtain without difficulty a suitable husband.” When I heard that, I asked my friends in my ignorance; “What! do maidens obtain husbands by worshipping Gaṇeśa?” Then they answered me; “Why do you ask such a question? Without worshipping him no one obtains any success in this world; and in proof of it we will give you an instance of his power, listen.” Saying this, my friends told me the following tale:

Story of the birth of Kártikeya.

Story of Sundaraka.

And Sundaraka heard that spell again, but failed again to retain it; for how can magic practices be thoroughly learnt without explanation by a teacher? Then he ate some roots there, and put some others in the cow-house to take away with him, and remained there as before; then Kálarátri came, and climbing up into the cow-house, flew through the air by night, and stopping the vehicle, entered her house. In the morning Sundaraka also left that house, and taking the roots with him he went to the market in order to procure money with which to purchase food. And while he was selling them there, some servants of the king’s, who were natives of Málava, took them away without paying for them, seeing that they were the produce of their own country. Then he began to remonstrate angrily, so they manacled him, and took him before the king on a charge of throwing stones at them, and his friends followed him. Those villains said to the king—“This man, when we asked him how he managed continually to bring roots from Málava and sell them in Ujjayiní, would not give us any answer, on the contrary he threw stones at us.”

So, being bewildered, he questioned him about the earrings immediately; and when Phalabhúti had told him his story, the king fell on the earth, and cried out; “Alas my son!” blaming the queen and himself, and when his ministers questioned him, he told them the whole story, and repeated what Phalabhúti had said every day—”‘The doer of good will obtain good, and the doer of evil, evil.’ Often the harm that one wishes to do to another, recoils on one’s self, as a ball thrown against a wall rebounding frequently; thus we, wicked ones, desiring to slay a Bráhman, have brought about our own son’s death, and devoured his flesh.” After the king had said this and informed his ministers, who stood with their faces fixed on the earth, of the whole transaction, and after he had anointed that very Phalabhúti as king in his place, he made a distribution of alms and then, having no son, entered the fire with his wife to purify himself from guilt, though already consumed by the fire of remorse: and Phalabhúti, having obtained the royal dignity, ruled the earth; thus good or evil done by a man is made to return upon himself.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · For the worship of trees and tree-spirits, see Grimm’s Teutonic Mythology, p. 75 and ff., and Tylor’s Primitive Culture, Vol. II, p. 196 andNote 2 · I here read durdaśáḥ for the durdarśáḥ of Dr. Brockhaus’ text. It must be a misprint. A MS. in the Sanskrit College reads durdaśáḥ.Note 3 · The Guhyakas are demi-gods, attendants upon Kuvera and guardians of his wealth.Note 4 · Literally—having the cardinal points as her only garment.Note 5 · For the circle cp. Henry VI. Part II, Act I, Sc. IV, line 25 and Henry V. Act V, Sc. 2, line 420. “If you would conjure, you must make a cirNote 6 · i. e. by the fire of Śiva’s eye.Note 7 · Perhaps we ought to read sadehasya. I find this rending in a MS. lent to me by the librarian of the Sanskrit College with the kind permissioNote 8 · i. e. Śiva.Note 9 · In this wild legend, resembling one in the first book of the Rámáyaṇa, I have omitted some details for reasons which will be obvious to thosNote 10 · i. e. the six Pleiades.Note 11 · Mr. Tylor (in his Primitive Culture, Vol. II, p. 176) speaking of Slavonian superstitions, says, “A man whose eyebrows meet as if his soul wNote 12 · I read ásta for áśu.Note 13 · rajas in Sanskrit means dust and also passion.Note 14 · i. e. immunity from future births.Note 15 · i. e. desire, wrath, covetousness, bewilderment, pride and envy.Note 16 · Cp. the Æthiopica of Heliodorus, Book VII, ch. 15, where the witch is armed with a sword during her incantations; and Homer’s Odyssey, XI, 4Note 17 · See Veckenstedt’s Wendische Sagen, p. 289, where a young man overhears a spell with similar results. See also Bartsch’s Sagen, Märchen und GNote 18 · I read tan tad.Note 19 · Called more usually by English people Allahabad.Note 20 · This incident reminds one of Schiller’s ballad—Der Gang nach dem Eisenhammer. (Benfey Panchatantra, Vol. I, p. 320.) The story of Fridolin iNote 21 · Literally creeper-like.Note 22 · There is a double meaning here; kshetra means fit recipients as well as field. The king no doubt distributed corn.Note 23 · There was once on a time in the land of Padma an excellent Bráhman of high renown, named Agnidatta, who lived on a grant of land given by thNote 24 · Long ago, when Indra oppressed by Táraka was desirous or obtaining a son from Śiva to act as general of the gods, and the god of love had beNote 25 · After hearing this from my companions I went, my husband, and worshipped an image of Gaṇeśa, that stood in a lonely part of the garden, and Note 26 · But listen, king, to a story which is a digression from my main tale. That Kálarátri had for husband a Bráhman of the name of Vishṇusvámin, Note 27 · And Sundaraka heard the spell and remembered it;17 but Kálarátri with the cow-house quickly flew through the air to Ujjayiní: there she madeNote 28 · When the king heard this, he asked him about that marvel,18 then his friends said—“If he is placed on the palace with us, he will explain thNote 29 · Having said this to her husband the king Ádityaprabha, the queen Kuvalayávalí went on to say; “King, such magic powers, produced by the spelNote 30 · Having related the above tale in the presence of the king of Vatsa, Yaugandharáyaṇa again said to that king; “If Brahmadatta therefore were Note 31 · Victory to the conqueror of obstacles,1 who marks with a line like the parting of the hair, the principal mountains2 by the mighty fanning oNote 32 · Then Udayana, the king of Vatsa, remaining in Kauśámbí, enjoyed the conquered earth which was under one umbrella; and the happy monarch devoNote 33 · And when he slew the buffaloes, the ground, red with blood, looked like a bed of red lotuses, come to thank him humbly for delivering it fro
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