INDEX

Abdomen, of Chrysis, 2; of Coleoptera, 185; of Diptera, 446; of Hemiptera, 538; of Lepidoptera, 313; of Thysanoptera, 528 Abdominal legs, 9 Abeille-perce-bois, 33 Abeille tapissière, 51 Abispa, 77 Acacia fistulosa, beetles in, 213 Acalyptrate Muscidae, 494 Acanthia, 560 Acanthomeridae, 483 Acanthosoma griseum, 546 Acari, relations to Insects, 220, 223, 238, 530 Acentropus, 425 Acephalous larvae, 449 Achreioptera, 219 Acraeides, 350 Acridium maroccanum, 254 Acrocera globulus, 490 Acroceridae, 489 Acronycta, 418 Actias luna, 374 Actiidae, 510 Acutilingues, 20 Adapted excrement, 284, 284, 380 Adelops, 221 Adensamer, on Ascodipteron, 520 Adephaga, 190, 200 f., 216, 234 Adimeridae, 240 Adimerus setosus, 241 Adlerz, on Formicoxenus, 160; on Tomognathus, 161 Adminicula, 327 Aëdes, 455 n. Aegeria, 387 Aegeriidae, 386 Aegialitidae, 265 Aegocera tripartita, 411 Aenictus, 159, 179, 180 Aenigmatias blattoides, 495 Aeolothrips fasciata, 528 Aëpophilidae, 559 Aëpus, 206 Aërostatic setae, 408 Aërostats, 449 Aganaidae, 408 Agaristidae, 370, 371, 410 Agdistes, 426 Agdistinae, 426 Agenia carbonaria, A. hyalipennis, 105 Ageronia, 354 Aglycyderes setifer, 298 Aglycyderidae, 297 Agromyzidae, 504 Agrotis, 415; A. spina, 417 Ahuatle, 504 Alaena, 350 Alaopone, 179, 180 Alar organs—see Wings, Elytra, Tegmina Aletia xylinae, 416 Aleurodes brassicae, 592; A. immaculata, 591 Aleurodidae, 591 Alucita, 426; A. polydactyla, 426 Alucitidae, 371, 426. Alula, 447 Amara, 205 Amber, Insects in, 144, 269, 458 Amblyopone, 180 Amblyoponides, 132, 180 Ambrosia, 295 Ambryllis, 409 Amicta quadrangularis, 394 Ammophila, 111; A. affinis, 111; A. hirsuta, 111; A. holosericea, 111 Amphicyrtides, 242 Amphidasis betularia, 412, 414 Amphiodont, 193 Amphipneustic, 450 Amphizoa lecontei, 207 Amphizoidae, 207 Ampulex compressa, 114, 115; A. ruficornis, 115; A. sibirica, 114 Ampulicides, 114 f., 169 Amycterides, 291 Anal armature, 328, 416 Anal nervures, 318 Anaphe, 376 Anaspini, 267 Anaspis, 268 Anatomy—see External Structure and Internal Anatomy Anchor-process, 459 Ancient, Lepidopteron, 435—see also Primitive Ancylolominae, 425 Andrena, 23, 25, 30, 301, 303; hair of, 11; A. labialis, 488; A. nigroaenea, 23; A. ovina, 30 Andrenidae, 20 Andrenides, 23 Andrenimorpha, 388 Andrenoides, 20 Androconia, 331 f. Anergates atratulus, 160 f. Angelitos, 63 Anisopteryx aescularia, 411 Anisotoma cinnamomea, 222 Anisotomidae, 223 Anisotomides, 222 Anlagen, 143 Anobiides, 247 Anobium, 254; A. paniceum, 247; A. striatum, 248; A. tessellatum, 248 Anochetus ghiliani, 174 Anomma, 178 Anophthalmus, 205 Anoplura, 599 f. Anosia erippus, A. menippe, 345; A. plexippus, 307; larva, 324; pupa, 327 Antennae; of Belostoma, 566; of flies, 441; of Lamellicornia, 191; of Lepidoptera, 307; of butterflies, 340, 341; of Sphingidae, 380 Antherophagus, 235 Anthicidae, 266 Anthidium, 45; A. bellicosum, 47; A. diadema, 45; A. manicatum, 45; A. septemdentatum, 47; A. strigatum, 30 Anthocopa, 51 Anthocoridae, 560 Anthomyia angustifrons, A. brassicae, A. cana, 506 Anthomyiidae, 506 Anthophila, 10 f. Anthophora, 32, 33; destroyer of, 272, 274; A. personata, 33; A. pilipes, 33; proboscis of, 17 Anthothrips aculeata, 530 Anthracides, 486 Anthrax, 486 f.; A. fenestralis, 489; A. trifasciata, 44 Anthrenus fasciatus, 241 Anthribidae, 278, 290 Antisquama, 448 Antitegula, 447 Ant-plant, 138, 139, 168 Ants, 131 f.; and Aphidae, 590; and caterpillars, 356 Ants'-nest, Insects, 200, 213, 221, 223, 224, 225, 231, 236, 240, 548; larva, 501, 502 Anus, 314, 320 Aorta, 320 Aortal chamber, 320 Apate capucina, 246 Apatela, 418 Apathus = Psithyrus, q.v. Apatidae, 246 Apatura; larvae, 354; A. iris, 344 Apaturides, 352 Aphaenogaster, 164, 165, 221; A. arenarius, 164; A. barbarus, 131, 164; A. structor 164, 240 Aphaniptera, 522 f. Aphanocephalus, 228 Aphelocheirus, 565 Aphidae, 581 f.; and ants, 181 Aphidiides, 590 Aphis maidi-radicis, 584 Aphomia sociella, 424 Apidae, 10 f., 20, 32 Apioceridae, 492 Apis, 53; A. adansonii, 69; A. domestica, 68; A. dorsata, 69; A. fasciata, A. ligustica, 68; A. mellifica, 65 f.; feet of queens and workers, 69; ligula of, 16; worker and hairs, 12 Apoda, 402; A. testudo, etc., 401, 402 Apodidae, 402 Apoica pallida, nest, 83 Aporia crataegi, 322 Appetite, 491 Apterogyna, 96 Apterona, 393, 394; A. crenulella, var. helix, 395 Apterous, beetles, 187, 263; females, 95, 96, 140, 171, 174, 315, 392, 393, 407, 413, 430, 592—see also Workers; Insects, 95, 96, 474, 495, 496, 505, 518, 531, 581; males, 140, 160, 161, 172, 585, 594 Aquatic; caterpillar, 377; cocoons, 280; larva, 421 f., 425, 504; pupa, 423 Aradidae, 550 Aradus orientalis, 550 Araeocerus, 290 Araschnia levana, A. prorsa, 353 Arbelidae, 369, 396 Arceina, 373 Archiapidae, 21, 22 Archiapides, 21 f. Arctia caja, 308; A. villica, 410 Arctiidae, 370, 404, 408, 410 Argiva, 414 Argynnis, larvae, 354; A. paphia, androconia, 332 Argyromoeba sinuata, 76; A. trifasciata, 486 Arista, 442 Army-worm, 416 Aromia moschata, 188 Arthropterus, 214 Asclera caerulea, 267 Ascodipteron, 520 Asemorhoptrum lippulum, 160 Asilidae, 491 Asilus, 492; A. crabroniformis, 441 Asparagus-beetle, 281 Aspidiotus camelliae, 592; A. nerii, 595, development of, 596 Aspidiphorus, 246 Aspidomorpha, pupa, 283, 284 Association, of Anergates and Tetramorium, 160; of ants and other Insects etc., 180 f.; of Formica and Formicoxenus, 159; of Strongylognathus and Tetramorium, 162; of Tomognathus and Leptothorax, 161 Astata boops, 119 Astatides, 119 Asteidae, 504 Astomella lindeni, 490 Astynomus, 285 Atemeles, 225; and ant, 182 Athericerous, 441 Atherix, 481; A. ibis, 480 Athous rhombeus, 257 Atractocerus, 254 Atrophy of mouth and stomach, 310 Atta, 137, 164 n., 165, 502 Attacus, 373; A. atlas, 373 Attelabides, 291 Attini, 158, 159, 165 Attitude, 381, 384, 385, 388, 412, 413, 425, 429 Atylotus fulvus, 483 Autocrates aenea, 275 Automeris, 373 Axin, 598 Azteca, 158 Azygos oviduct, 321 Badamia exclamationis, 365 Barrett, on increase of melanism, 414 Basket-worms, 393 Bat-parasites, 521, 560 Bataillon, on metamorphosis, 306 Bates, H. W., on classification of butterflies, 344; on homoeochromatism, 351; on Megacephala, 201 Batesian mimicry, 337, 339 Bathyscia, 221 Beak, 532 Beauregard, on vesicating Insects, 275 Beaver, Insect on, 219, 221 Becher, on mouth of Diptera, 444 n. Bed-bug, 559; enemy of, 558 Beddard, on animal coloration, 339 n. Bee (i.e. honey-bee)—see Apis mellifica Bee-louse or -tick, 520 Bees, 10 f. Bees born of carcases, myth, 499 Bees' nest beetle, 235 Bees, stylopised, 300, 303 Beetles, 184 f. Bellesme, on buzzing, 19 Belostomidae, 534, 565 Bembecidae, 482 Bembecides, 119 f. Bembex, 509; B. rostrata, 4, 120, 120 f.; B. spinolae, 130 n. Benchucha bug, 559 Berosus, 218 Berytidae, 548 Bibio, 475, 476, 477; B. marci, 477 Bibionidae, 475 Birds and butterflies, 338 Biscuit-weevil, 247 Bitoma crenata, 233 Bittacomorpha, 473 Black-fly, 530 Blanchard, on flies attacking man, 517 n. Blepharoceridae, 464 Blind beetles, 205, 221, 233 Blissus leucopterus, 548 Blister-beetles, 269 Blochmann, on founding new nests, 145 Blood-sucking, Diptera, 457; Mosquitoes, 467 Blood-worms, 468 Blow-flies, 511 Blue-bottles, 511 Bogus Yucca-moth, 433 Boletophila luminosa, 463 Boll-worm, 416 Bombardier-beetles, 201 Bombus, 53 f.; insect in nest of, 221; fleas in nests of, 525; parasite of, 94, 497; proboscis of, 13 f., 14; B. agrorum, 54; B. lapidarius, 54; B. muscorum, 57; B. variabilis, 60 Bombyces, 367 Bombycidae, 368, 375, 406 Bombyliidae, 485 Bombylius major, 488 Bombyx mori, 375; B. yamamai, 325 Book-worm, 247 Borboridae, 504 Borborus, 505 Borocera madagascariensis, 405 Bostrichidae, 246 Bot-flies, 514 Brachelytra, 224 Brachycera, 441, 454 Brachycerides, 291 Brachyscelides, 592, 598 Brachytarsus, 290 Braconidae, 590 Bradypus cuculliger, Tineid on, 430 Brahmaeidae, 368, 374 Brain, 320; cephalic and thoracic, 449 Branchiae, 208, 244 Brands, 332 Brassolides, 349 Brathinus, 223 Brauer, on Dipterous larvae, 451; on Oestridae, 514 Braula coeca, 520 Braulidae, 520 Breastbone, 459 Breeze-flies, 443, 481 Breitenbach, on proboscis of Lepidoptera, 311 n. Breithaupt, on proboscis of bee, 15; on deglutition of bees, 18 Brenthidae, 295 Brenthus anchorago, 297 Brephos notha, 415, 416 Brimstones, 357 Brontes planatus, 234 Brown-tail moths, 407 Bruchidae, 276 Bruchus fabae and B. lentis, 277, B. pisi, 277 Bryophila, 418 Buckell, on development of pattern, 335 Buffalo-gnats, 477 Bugong-moth, 417 Bugonia-myth, 499 Bull-dog ants, 171, 173 Bull's-horn thorn and ants, 168 Bumble bee—see Bombus Buprestidae, 261 Buprestis attenuate, supposed larvae of, 262 n. Burgess, on suction, 311 Burnet-moths, 390 Burrows, of Dasypoda, 27; of Halictus, 24, 25; of Odynerus, 74 Bursa copulatrix, 321 Burying-beetles, 221 Butterflies, 341 f. Buzzing, 19 Byrrhidae, 242, 255 Byrrhus pilula, 242 Bythoscopidae, 578 Byturus, 241 Cadphises moorei, 391 Calandrides, 289 Calcium oxalate, 406 Calicurgus, 101; C. hyalinatus, 102, 106 Caligo eurylochus, 350 Callidea baro, 303 n. Callidulidae, 370, 400 Calliphora; 448; C. erythrocephala, C. vomitoria, 511 Callirhipis dejeani, 256 Callomyia, 496 Callostoma fascipennis, 489 Caloptenus, 270; C. italicus, 489, C. spretus, 488, 506, enemies of Calypter, calypterate, 448 Calyptrate Muscidae, 448, 504 Camberwell Beauty, 352 Camel bot-fly, 515 Camponotides, 144 Camponotus, 145; C. ligniperdus, 138, 145, 147; C. pennsylvanicus, 138, 146; C. rubripes, 131; C. rufipes, 137 Camptosomes, 279, 281 Canephorinae, 394, 395 Cantharidae, 269 f. Cantharides, 270 Capsidae, 561 Capsus laniarius, 539 Carabidae, 204 f. Carabides, 206 Caraboidea, 190, 200 f. Carcinocoris, 554 Carder-bees, 45 f., 45 Cardiocondyla, 161 Cardiophorus, 258 Carlet, on sting, 6; on sound-organs of Cicada, 574 Carnivora, 200 Carotine, 549 Carpenter-bees, 33 Carpenter-worms, 395 Carpets, 411 Carpocapsa juliana, C. pomonella, C. splendana, C. saltitans, 428 Carpophagus, 278 Carteria lacca, 597 Carus, on paedogenesis, 461 Caryoborus, 278 Case, 281, 392, 393, 394, 417, 422, 423, 430, 431 Cassidides, 279, 283 Caste-production, 142 Castnia, 307, 309, 316, 319; C. eudesmia, C. therapon, 372 Castniidae, 369, 371 Castor canadensis, parasite of, 219 Cataclysta lemnata, 423 Caterpillar, 322, 324, 325; of Diptera, 474 Catopomorphus, 221 Cauda, 538, 588 Cave-beetles, 205, 221 Cebrionides, 260 Cecidipta excoecaria, 424 Cecidomyia buxi, 459; C. destructor, 460; C. tritici, 460 Cecidomyiidae, 455 n., 458 Cecropia, plant and ants, 158 Cedeocera, 297 n. Cell, of wing, 317, 318; complete and incomplete, 116 n. Cells, formation of, by bees, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 33, 34, 35, 46, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 60; earthen, 72, 106; of Coelonites, 89 Celyphidae, 504 Celyphus, 505 Cemonus unicolor, 128 Cephaloidae, 275 Cephalomyia maculata, 515 Cephaloon, 275 Cephalothorax, 465; of Stylops-larva, 302 Cephenomyia rufibarbis, 517 Cerambycidae, 278, 285 Cerambycides, 287 Ceramius, 89; C. lusitanicus, 89 Ceranchia, 374 Cerapachys, 175 n. Ceratina, 11, 32 Ceratocampidae, 368, 375 Ceratocombidae, 559 Ceratognathini, 194, 195 Ceratonema, 401 Ceratopogon, 469; C. bipunctatus, C. pulicaris, C. varius, 470 Cerceris, 125; C. arenaria, 125; C. bupresticida, 125; C. labiata, 125; C. tuberculata, 126 Cercopidae, 577 Ceresa bubalus, C. taurina, 577 Cerocoma schaefferi, 275 Cerophytides, 260 Ceroplastes ceriferus, 597 Ceroplatus mastersi, 463 Cerura vinula, 383 Cervical sclerites, 472 Cetonia, in ants'-nests, 149; C. floricola, 200 Cetoniides, 195, 199 Chaerocampa, 380; recte Choerocampa Chaetophorous, 446 Chaetotaxy, 446 Chafers, 194 f. Chalcosiidae, 391, 420 Chalia hockingi, 394 Chalicodoma, 32, 35; C. muraria, 30, 35 f., 36, 254, 486; C. parietina, C. pyrenaica, 39 Change of habit in larva, 301, 431 Chapman, Dr. T. A., on Chrysis, 3; on classification of pupae of Lepidoptera, 367; on Hepialus, 398; on Metoecus paradoxus, 268; on pupa of Lepidoptera, 327 n. Charagia, 396 Chartergus chartarius, nest of, 82, 83 Cheilosia chrysocoma, 439 Cheimatobia brumata, 414 Cheliomyrmex, 180 Chelonariides, 242 Chelonia, 410 Chelostoma, 35 Chennium bituberculatum, 224 Chermes, 583, 586, 587; C. abietis, 586, 587, 589 Cheshire, on proboscis of bee, 15 Chigger, 525 Child, on sense-organ, 442 China-marks, 421 Chinch-bug, 548 Chionea araneoides, 474 Chiromyzidae, 479 Chironomidae, 468, 474 Chironomus, 440, 468 Chlamydes, 279 Chlorion, 110ü Chloropidae, 504 Chlorops, 504 Choerocampa elpenor, 380 Choerocampini, 381 Cholodkovsky on Chermes, 586 Choragus sheppardi, 290 Chorion, 322 Chrysalis, 326, 344 Chrysauginae, 423 Chrysididae, 1 f. Chrysiridia madagascariensis, 419 Chrysis bidentata, 3; C. ignita, 3; C. shanghaiensis, 4 Chrysochus pretiosus, 279 Chrysocoris grandis, 303 n. Chrysomelidae, 276, 278 f. Chrysomelides, 279 Chrysopolomidae, 396 Chrysops, 482 Cicada, 123; C. plebeia, 574; C. septendecim, 569 Cicadellinae, 578 Cicadidae, 568 f. Cicindela hybrida, 202 Cicindelidae, 201 f. Cicinnus, 378 n. Cilix glaucata = spinula, 401 Cimex, 560; C. lectularius, 559 Cimicidae, 559 Cioidae, 245 Cis melliei, 245 Cistelidae, 264 Cistus salvifolius, beetle-larvae in, 282 Cithaerias, 348 Citheronia, 375 Cixiides, 576 Cixius, 575 Clambidae, 223 Clasper, 314 Classification, of ants, 144; of bees, 20; of butterflies, 341; of Coleoptera, 189; of Diptera, 454 f.; of Hemiptera, 543; of Hymenoptera Aculeata, 10; of Lepidoptera, 339 f.; of moths, 366 f. Clavicornia, 189, 213, 265 Claviger testaceus, 224 Clavigerides, 224 Clavus, 539 Clear-wings, 386 Cleggs, 481 Cleosiris, 400 Cleptes, 2, 4 Cleridae, 253 Click-beetles, 256 Clicking butterfly, 354 Clidicus, 223 Clisiocampa neustria, 322 Clothes-moths, 430 Clouded-yellows, 357 Clypeus, 307 Clythra in ants'-nests, 149 Clythrides, 279 Cnemidotus caesus, 209 Cnethocampa processionea, 376 Coarctate larva, 271 Coccidae, 592 f.; destroyer of, 290 Coccidula, 239 Coccinellidae, 237 Coccus cacti, 598; C. mannifera, 597 Cochineal Insect, 598 Cochliopodidae, 402 n. Cochlophora, 394 Cockchafer, 198 Cockroach, parasite of, 269 Cock-tail, 225 Cocoon, 46, 55, 66, 109, 122, 328, 347, 373, 376, 384, 385, 391, 403, 404, 405, 407, 419, 424, 436, 460, 462, 494; flax-seed, 460; of ants, 134; aquatic, 280, 377 Cocytia durvillii, 382 Cocytiidae, 382 Codling-moth, 428 Coelioxys, 31 Coelonites, 89; C. abbreviatus, cells of, 89 Coenomyia ferruginea, 480 Coenomyiidae, 479 Coenonympha, 348 Colaenis, 351 Coleophora, 431 Coleoptera, 184 f. Colletes, 22; C. daviesanus, 30 Colobopsis, 138 Colon, 320 Colorado beetle, 278 Colour, corresponding with locale, 201; and surroundings, 337; of larva and habits, 336; of Sphingidae larvae, 381; physiology of larval, 413; of caterpillars and sex, 325; development of, in Hemiptera, 542; of eyes, 440 Coluocera formicaria, 240 Colydiidae, 233, 234 Colydium, 233 Comb, 63, 64, 65, 78, 79 Combs and brushes, 134 Compound pupa, 452 Composmyia, 512 Comstock, on nervures, 317 n. Conchylidae, 427 Connexivum, 538 Conopidae, 497, 504 Conorhinus sanguisuga, 559 Copiopteryx, 373 Copium clavicorne, 550 Copius, 547 Copper butterflies, 356 Coprides, 195 f. Coprini, 195 n. Copris hispanus, 197 Copulatory pouch, 320, 321 Cordyluridae, 504 Coreidae, 546 Corethra, 467 Corium, 539 Corixa, 567 Corixidae, 567 Corn-leaves, larva on, 281 Coronidia, 419 Corotoca, 227 Corticaria, 240 Corylophidae, 228 Corynetides, 253 Coscinocera hercules, 372 Cossidae, 369, 395 Cossonides, 294 Cossus, 309; C. ligniperda, 319 Costal nervure, 318 Cotton-stainer bug, 548 Cotton-worm, 416 Courtship, 494; of Hepialus, 398 f. Coxa, 307 Crabro, 129; C. cephalotes, 129; C. stirpicola, 130 n. Crabronides, 128 f. Crambidae, 425 Crane-flies, 471 Cratoparis, 290 Cremaster, 327, 328, 344, 426 Cremastochilini, 200 Cremastochilus, 200 Cremastogaster, 165, 213; C. tricolor, 165 Crepitation, 213, 214 Criocerides, 279, 280 Crioceris asparagi, 281; C. merdigera, 281 Crossocerus, 130; C. wesmaeli, 130 Cryptocephalides, 279 Cryptocephalus, 282 Cryptocerata, 544, 562 f. Cryptocerini, 132, 134, 158, 159, 169 Cryptocerus, 138; C. atratus, 170 Cryptophagidae, 235, 237 Cryptophagus dentatus, 235 Cryptostomes, 279, 282 Cteniza ariana, destroyer of, 490 Ctenophora, 475 Ctenostylidae, 517 Ctenuchinae, 409 Cuckoo-bees, 22 Cuckoo-spit, 577 Cucujidae, 232, 234 Cucujos, 258 Cuculinae, 20 Culex pipiens, 466 Culicidae, 466 f. Cultelli, 443 Cuneus, 539, 540 Cupesidae, 234 Curculionidae, 290 Curtice, on Hypoderma, 516 Curupira, 465 Cut-worms, 415 Cyathoceridae, 243 Cybister laterimarginalis or roeseli, 210; C. tripunctatus, 211 Cybocephalus, 232 Cyclica, 279, 282 Cyclorrhapha, 454; C. Aschiza, 455, 494 f.; C. Schizophora, 456, 503 f. Cylidrus, 253 Cylindrotomina, 474 Cymatophoridae, 368, 386 Cymbidae, 410 Cynomyia mortuorum, 510 Cyphagogus segnipes, 296 Cyphanta, 368 n. Cyphonia clavata, 576 Cyphonidae, 255 Cyrtidae, 489 Cyrtocorides, 545 Cyrtocoris monstrosus, 546 Dacnides, 237 Dactylopius citri, 595 Daddy-long-legs, 471 Dakruma coccidivora, 424 Dalla Torre, Catalogue of Hymenoptera, 21 Danaides, 344, 347 Danaioid Heliconiidae, 346 Danais archippus, or plexippus, 345 Dances, 351, 464, 493, 554 Darwin, C., on Pelobius, 208 Darwin, F., on proboscis of Lepidoptera, 311 n. Dascillidae, 243, 255 Dascillus cervinus, 255 Dasychira pudibunda, 408; D. rossii, 407 Dasygastres, 20, 35 f. Dasypoda hirtipes, 27 Dead-leaf butterfly, 353 Death-watches, 248, 254 December-moth, 406 Deer bot-fly, 517 Deer-fly, 518 Delphacides, 576 Deltocephalus inimicus, 578 Deltoidae, 418, 423 Denudatae, 20, 29 Deporaus, 291 Dermatobia noxialis, 517 Dermestidae, 241 Deroca, 400 Derodontidae, 244, 253 Derodontus maculatus, 245 De Saussure, on wasps' nests, 81 Devil's coach-horse, 225 Dewitz, on development, of sting, 8; of thoracic appendages, 9 Dexiidae, 510 Diactor bilineatus, 547 Dianeura, 392 Diateina holymenoides, 547 Dichoptic, 440 Dicthadia, 178, 180 Dictyocicada, 543 Dilophus febrilis, 477; D. vulgaris, 476 Dimera, 544 Dimorphic, generations, 586; males, 161, 172 Dimorphism, 139; of wings, 549 Dinapate wrightii, 246 Dingar, 70 Dinoponera grandis, 132, 134, 171 Dionychopus niveus, 410 Diopsidae, 503, 504, 505 Diopsis apicalis, 503 Dioptinae, 409 Dioptoma adamsi, 251 Dioscorea batatas, beetle-larvae in, 280 Dioxys cincta, 32, 43 Diphyllides, 237 Diplocotes, 248 Diplonychus, 566 Diploplectron, 119 Diploptera, 10, 71 f. Diplosara lignivora, 429 Diplosis, 459; D. resinicola, 459 Dipsocoris alienus, 559 Diptera, 438 f. Dipterous parasitic larva, 26 Dirphia tarquinia, 377 Discocellular nervures, 318 Dismorphia, 346, 357 Dissociation of embryo, 70 n. Dixa, 471 Dixidae, 471 Dohrn, Anton, on Hemiptera, 538 Dolichoderides, 157 Dolichopidae, 493 Dolichopus undulatus, 441 Dolichurus haemorrhous, 116 Donacia, 280 Donaciides, 279 Dorsal vessel, 320; 529—see also Internal Anatomy Dorycera, 504 Doryceridae, 504 Dorylides, 174 f. Dorylini, 175, 177 Dorylus, 133, 177, 179; D. helvolus, 178 Doryphora decemlineata, 278 Dragon, 383, 385 Drepanidae, 370, 400 Drepanosiphum platanoides, 585 Drepanulidae, 400 Drilides, 248 Driver ants, 178 Drones, 63, 67, 69 Drosophilidae, 504 Drurya, 362 Dryomyzidae, 504 Dryophthorus, 289 Dubois, on luminescence, 259 Dudgeon, on Badamia, 365 Dufour, on host helping parasite, 26 Duke of Burgundy fritillary, 355 Duration, of ant-colonies, 154; of wasp-colonies, 70 n., 80; of life—see Longevity Durrant, on moth-cases, 431 Dutch bulbs, larva in, 501 Dyar, classification of larvae of moths, 367 Dycladia, 389 Dynastes, 199 Dynastides, 195, 199 Dysdercus suturellus, 548 Dytiscidae, 210 f. Dytiscus, 211 Earias, 410 Eau de Javelle, 368 n. Echinophthirius, 600 Eciton, 159, 175, f; E. hamatum, 175, 177 Ecitonini, 174, 175 f. Ecpantheria, 409 Ectatomma auratum, 131 Ectrephes kingi, 248 Edible larvae, 287 Egg, 305, 435, 468; as food, 504, 568; of bot-fly, 514, 515; of Capsidae, 561; carried, 547, 551, 566; of Endochus, 558; of Reduviidae, 559; of flea, 524; laid by pupa, 469; of Lepidoptera, 321, 322; of Nepa, 564; numerous, 397, few, 197; standing out string of, 378; swallowed, 508 Egg-tubes, 321 Eggers, 322, 405 Elaphidion villosum, 286 Elaphomyia, 505 Elateridae, 256 Elaterides, 260 Eleodes, 263 Elephantomyia, 472 Elmides, 244 Elymnias, 348 Elymniidae, 348 Elytra, 184, 186, 539 Embolium, 539 Embryonic dissociation, 70 n. Emenadia flabellata, 269 Emery on classification of ants, 144; on polymorphism in ants, 143 Emesiides, 555 Emperor-moth, 374 Empidae, 492, 494 Empodium, 446 Empretia stimulans, 403 Encyrtus, 34; Encyrtus fuscicollis, embryology of, 70 Endomychidae, 237, 239 Endotrichiinae, 423 Endromidae, 369, 406 Energopoda, 457, 491 Enhydrus, 216 Entomophila, 10 Enzyme, 259 Epeolus variegatus, 30 Ephestia kuhniella, 306, 424 Ephydridae, 504 Ephyra pendularia, 412 Epiblemidae, 427 Epicausis smithi, 409 Epichnopteryx, 395 Epicopeiidae, 368, 418 Epicranium, 307 Epicypta scatophora, 463 Epidapus scabiei, 462 Epilachnides, 238 Epimeron, 307 Epinotia funebrana, 428; E. hypericana, parasite of, 476 Epipaschiinae, 423 Epipharyngeal sclerites, 14 Epipharynx, 14, 308, 443, 600 Epiplemidae, 368, 420 Epipyrops, 404 Episternum, 307 Epitritus, 170 Epuraea, 232 Erastria scitula, 417 Erebia, 347; E. aethiops, 347 Erebides, 418 Eremochaeta, 457 Eremochaetous, 446 Eremocoris, 548 Ergatandrous, 140 n. Ergatogynous, 140 n., 142 Ergatoid, 140 Ericerus pela, 597 Eriocephala, 308; E. calthella, 434 Eriocephalidae, 433 Eriocera, 472 Eristalis, 499 Ermine-moths, 409 Erotylidae, 235, 236 Erucaeformia, 475 Erycides, 364 Erycinidae, 341, 354, 358 Erycinides, 355 Ethon, 262 Eucephalous larvae, 450 Eucera, 32 Eucharis myrmeciae, 173 Euchloe cardamines, egg, 322; larva, 358, 359; pupa, 358; E. genutia, 358 Euchroma goliath, 261 Eucinetus, 256 Eucleidae, 401 Euclidia mi, 415 Eucnemides, 260 Eudaemonia, 373 Eudamus proteus, 340 Eueides, 351 Eugereon hockingi, 542 Euglossa, 34; E. cordata, 35 Eugnoristus monachus, 289 Eulema, 35 Eulen, 414 Eulyes, 558 Eumaeus, 355 Eumenes arbustorum, 73; E. coarctata, 73, 74; E. conica, 74; E. flavopicta, 72; E. pomiformis, 72; E. unguiculata, 73 Eumenidae, 72 f. Eumolpides, 279 Eumyiid flies, 456 Euparagia, 89 Euphoria, 200 Euplocia, 408 Euploea, 345 Eupoda, 279, 280 Eupsalis minuta, 296 Eupterotidae, 368, 376 Eurygona, larva, 355 Euschemon rafflesiae, 371 Eusemia vitticoides, 410 Eusthenes pratti, 533 Euthyrhynchus floridanus, 546 Excoecaria biglandulosa, 424 Excrement as covering, 281, 283, 463—see also Adapted excrement. Excremental dwellings, 284, 379 External structure, of Aphidae, 588; of Chrysididae, 2; of Coleoptera, 185; of Diptera, 439 f.; of fleas, 523; of Hemiptera, 534; of Hepialus, 400; of Hymenoptera Aculeata, 5; of Lepidoptera, 307 f.; of Thrips, 527 Exudation of fluid, 238 Eye-collar, 387 Eyes, four in number, 215, 251, 476 Fabre, J. H., on Ammophila, 111; on Anthrax, 486; on Bembex, 120 f.; on Calicurgus, 101; on Chalicodoma, 37 f.; on Eumenes, 72; on Halictus, 24; on Miltogramma, 509; on Osmia, 48 f.; on Scarabaeus, 196; on Scolia, 97 f.; on Sitaris, 272; on Sphex, 108; on Stelis nasuta, 30 False cones of Chermes, 587 Families of moths, key to, 368 f. Feeding young, 147 Fertonius luteicollis, 130 Fever-fly, 477 Filaria, and Mosquitos, 468 Filicornia, 200 Finding nest, 38 f., 126 Finn, on protected butterflies, 345 n. Flagella, 384, 442 Flatides, 576 Flax-seed cocoon, 460 Fleas, 522 f. Fly-disease, 513 Food, abstinence from, 254; of bee-larvae, 19; small in amount, 277 Food-reservoir, 320 Footmen, 409 Forbes, on ant sounds, 155 Forel, Aug., on tropical American Ants, 138; on classification of Ants, 144 Forest-fly, 518 Formica exsectoides, 149; F. fusca, 137, 150, 151; F. rufa, 148, 154; F. sanguinea, 149; F. schavfussi, 152 Formicidae, 131 f. Formicoxenus nitidulus, 148, 159 Fornax, 260 Fossil, Ants, 143; Beetles, 261; Diptera, 458; Hemiptera, 542; Thrips, 531; Wasps, 88—see also Palaeozoic Fossores, 7, 10, 90 f., 346; classification, 93 Fossorial solitary wasps—see Fossores Founding new nests, Ants, 145 f. Frenulum, 316, 318, 319, 400 Friederich, on Parnid larvae, 244 Friese, on habits and classification of bees, 21; on hosts and parasites, 30 f. Fritillaries, 352, 354 Froghoppers, 577 Frog-spit, 577 Frontal ganglion, 320 Fulgora candelaria, 575 Fulgoridae, 543, 574; larva living on, 404 Fulgorina, 543 Fumea, 393, 395 Fungus cultivated by ants, 167 Fungus-gnats, 462 Funnel-twister, 292 Gad-flies, 481 Gahan, J. C., on Praogena, 264 Galea, 309 Galerucides, 279 Galgulidae, 562 Galleria mettonella, 306, 331 Galleriidae, 423 Gall-midge-flies, 461 Galls, 262, 430, 424; of Coccidae, 598; of Aphids and Phylloxera, 587; of Psyllidae, 580; of Thrips, 530 Ganglbauer, on Staphylinidae, 224 Garden-whites, 357 Garman, on mouth-parts of Thysanoptera, 528 Gastropacha quercifolia, 405 Gastrophilus equi, 515 Gavara, 401 Gelechiides, 429 Gena, 185 Generations, 306 Geometers, 411 Geometridae, 368, 411, 416, 420 Geomyzidae, 504 Georyssidae, 243 Georyssus pygmaeus, 243 Geotrupes, stridulation of, 195 Gerrides, 552 Gerris, 535, 552 Ghilianella filiventris, 555 Ghost-moths, 396 Giraffomyia, 505 Girdlers, 286 Glands, 321, 323, 331, 363, 399, 538, 553; accessory, 320; of Filippi, 324; mandibular, 216; salivary, 326; silk-, 325; stink-, 257; wax-, 589 Glaphyrini, 195 n. Glaphyroptera picta, 441 Glaucopides, 339 Glossa, 309 Glossina morsitans, 512, 513 Glow-worms, 248; New Zealand, 363 Glyptus, 206 Gnats, 466, 468 Gnophaela, 409 Gnostidae, 223 Goat-moths, 395—see also Cossus Godart on trumpeter-bee, 58 Godman and Salvin, on spermathecal bodies, 321 Gold-tail moths, 407 Gonapophyses, 9, 305 Gonin, on development of wing, 328, 329 Goossens, on legs of Lepidoptera larvae, 323 Gossyparia, 597 Graber, on mouth of louse, 599 Grapholitha sebastianiae, 428 Grapholithidae, 427 Grass-moths, 425 Grayling, 347 Green, E. E., on classification of Coccidae, 593 Green-bottles, 511 Green-fly, 581 f. Ground-beetles, 204 f. Ground-pearls, 592, 598—see also Margarodes Grypocera, 341 Guest-ant, 159 Gula, 185 Gymnocerata, 544, 544 f. Gymnodomes, 82 Gyrinidae, 201, 215 Gyrinus, 215 Haase, on mimicry, 339 n. Hadrus lepidotus, 482 Haematobia serrata, 512 Haematomyzus elephantis, 600 Haematopota, 482; H. pluvialis, 483, 443 Haemoglobin, 468 Haemonia, 280; H. curtisi, 280 Haetera, 348 Hag-moth, 403 Hairs, plumose or feathered, 11, 12; of Dermestid larvae, 241—see also Setae Half-loopers, 415 Halias, 410 Halictus, 23; H. lineolatus, 24; H. malachurus, 23; H. maculatus, 25; H. morio, 24; H. quadricinctus, 22, 25; H. rubicundus, 26; H. sexcinctus, 24, 269 Haliplidae, 209 Halirytus amphibius, 474 Halobates, 552; H. sobrinus, 551 Halobatodes, 553 Halteres, 438, 448, 593 Halticides, 278, 279 Hamadryas, 347 Hammock-moth, 379 Hampson, on classification of moths, 367 f.; on clicking butterfly, 354; on frenulum, 316 Hampsonia pulcherrima, 391 Handlirsch, on Bombus, 58 Harpactorides, 558 Harpalides, 206 Harpalus, 205; H. caliginosus, 185 Harpes, 314 Hart, C. A., on larvae of Diptera, 473 Hart, J. H., on the parasol-ant, 142 Harvesting ants, 164 Hatchett Jackson, on colour of larvae, 325 Haustellata, 366 Haustellum, 308 Hawk-moths, 380 f. Head-vesicle, 442 Hearing, organs of, 191, 313 Heath-butterfly, 347 Hebridae, 551 Hebrus, 551 Hecatesia, 371 Heerwurm, 464 Heliconiidae, 346 Heliconiides, 351 Heliconius, 346; H. erato, H. melpomene, H. rhea, 351 Heliothis armigera, 416 Helluodes taprobanae, 206 Helochares, 218 Helodes, 255 Helomyzidae, 504 Helopeltis, 561 Helotidae, 235 Hemaris, 383 Hemerodromia, 493 Hemidiptera haeckeli, 553 Hemi-elytra, 539 Hemileucidae, 374 Hemiptera, 532 f. Henicocephalidae, 554 Hepialidae, 306, 369, 396 f. Hepialus, 309, 310, 311, 317, 319, 322; H. humuli and others, 396 f.; H. lupulinus, 397 Heredity, 454 Heriades, 35 Hermatobates haddoni, 553 Hermetia, 479 Hesperiidae, 341, 342, 363 Hessian fly, 452, 460 Hestia idea, 340 Heterocera, 340, 366, f. Heteroceridae, 219, 243 Heterogenea, 402 Heterogeneidae, 402 Heterogyna, 10, 131 f. Heterogynidae, 369, 392 Heterogynis, 369 n., 392 Heteromera, 190, 262 f. Heteroneuridae, 504 Heteronotus trinodosus, 576 Heteroptera, 532, 534, 535, 539, 543 Heterotarsini, 264 Hexatoma pellucens, 441 Heylaerts, on Psychidae, 392 Hibernation, of Vanessa, 352 Hilara, 493 Hilbrides, 405 Hill-ant, see Formica rufa Hill-grub, 417 Himantopteridae, 392 Himera pennaria, 411 Hippobosca equina, 518 Hippoboscidae, 518 Hippopsini, 288 Hirmoneura obscura, 485 Hispa,282 Hispides, 279, 282 Histeridae, 230 Histia, 391 Histoblasts, 453 Histolysis, 452, 595 Hockings, on stingless bees, 63 Hoffer, on Bombus, 54 Hollandiidae, 396 Hololepta, 230 Holometopa, 504 Holoptic, 440 Holoptilides, 557 Holymenia, 547 Homoeochromatism, 337, 351 Homoeoderus mellyi, 193 Homomorpha, 542 Homophysinae, 421 Homoptera, 532, 534, 535, 543, 544; parasite of, 303, 497 Honey, 18, 80 Honey-ant, 152 Honey-bee—see Apis mellifica Honey-dew, 580, 589, 597 Hook-tips, 400 Hoplopus, 74 Horn, G. H., on classification of Carabidae, 206; of Silphidae, 223 Horn, W., on classification of Cicindelidae, 202 n. Hornet, 81, 87 Hornet's-nest beetle, 227 Horns as food, 430 Horse bot-fly, 515 Horse-flies, 481, 518 Hot springs, Insects in, 479 House-fly, 511 Hover-flies, 498 Hubbard, on ambrosia-beetles, 295; on Phobetron, 403; on Xenos, 303 Huxley, on Aphids, 585, 589; on sclerites of oesophagus, 15 Hybocampa milhauseri, 385 Hybotinae, 492 Hydnophytum, 139; H. montanum, 138 Hydrocampa nymphaeata, 421 Hydrocampidae, 42l Hydrocampinae, 421 Hydrocores, 562 Hydrocorisae, 562 Hydrocyphon deflexicollis, 255 Hydrometra, 552; H. stagnorum, 551 Hydrometridae, 551 Hydrophilidae, 216 f. Hydrophilides, 219 Hydrophilus piceus, 217 Hydroporides, 201 Hydroporus, 211, 212 Hydroscaphidae, 228 Hydrous caraboides, 218 Hygrobia, 208 Hylecoetus dermestoides, 255 Hylemyia strigosa, 506 Hymenitis, 346 Hymenoptera Aculeate, 4 f.; H. Tubulifera, 1 f. Hyper-metamorphosis, 270, 488 Hypertely, in Kallima, 354 Hyphydrus, 212 Hypnody, 489 Hypocephalus armatus, 288 Hypochlorite of potash, 368 n. Hypoderma bovis, H. lineata, 515 Hyponomeuta, parasite of, 70 n. Hypopharyngeal sclerites, 14, 17 Hypopharynx, 15 n., 324, 443, 524, 600 Hypopygium, 446 Hypsidae, 370, 408 Hypsoides radama, 376 Hystrichopsylla talpae, 523 Idia fasciata, 513 Idolothrips spectrum, 527 Imaginal discs or folds, 596 Imbauba ant, 158 Individual, 585 Inedible associations, 338, 339 Infericornia, 548 Infra-oesophageal ganglion, 541 Inquilines, 30, 81 Insects as food, 417, 504, 568 Instars, of Aspidiotus, 596; of Coccidae, 595; of Epicauta, 271 Instinct, 235, 274, 373, 403, 424, 487, 546; of Ants, 590; of Bembex, 121; of Chalicodoma, 37; of Dasypoda, 28; of Melipona, 64; of Miltogramma and Bembex, 509; of Odynerus, 76; of Osmia, 48 f.; of Pompilus, 102; of Rhynchites, 292; of Trigona, 64 Internal anatomy, of Diptera, 449; of Hepialus, 400; of Hemiptera, 540; of Lepidoptera, 319 f.; of larva of Lepidoptera, 324; of Lice, 600 Internal nervures, 318 Iodine, 213 Ipides, 232 Ischium, 523 Ischnogaster, 82, 88; I. mellyi, 87 Isoderminae, 550 Isomera, 190 Issides, 576 Ithomia, 346; I. pusio, 346 Ithomiides, 346, 351 Ituna, 346 Ityraea nigrocincta, 576 Jassidae, 578 Jiga, or "mimic me," 92 Johnston's organ, 442 Jordan, on antennae of butterflies, 341 n.; on Thysanoptera, 529 f. Jugatae, 366 Jugum, 316, 400 Jugurthia, 89 Julodis, 262 Jumping-beans, 428 Kallima, 353 Karbi, 63 Kellogg, on Lepidopterous structure, 307 f. Kentish glory, 406 Kermes, 597 Knot-horns, 424 Komarovia victoriosa, 99 Koo-chah-bee, 504 Kootchar, 63 Koptorthosoma, 70 n. Korschelt, on formation of eggs of Nepa, 564 Künckel d'Herculais, on Volucella, 501 Kungu cake, 467 Laap Insects, 581 Labella, 443 Labidus, 175, 176, 180 Labium of Lepidoptera, 310 Laboulbène, on sound-production by Arctiidae, 410 Lac, 597 Lacinia, 309 Laciniata, 366, 434 Lacon murinus, 257 Lacosoma chiridota, 378 Lady-birds, 237 Lagoa opercularis, 404 Lagoidae, 404 Lagria hirta, 264 Lagriidae, 264 Lake, colour, 597 Lamellicornia, 190 f.; enemies of, 97 Lamiides, 287, 288 Lamprosomides, 279 Lampyrides, 248 Lampyris noctiluca, 250 Langelandia anophthalma, 233 Languriides, 237 Lantern-flies, 575 Laparosticti, 195 n. Laphria, 492 Lapidicolous beetles, 205 Lappet-moth, 405 Laricobius, 253 Larra anathema, 117; L. pompiliformis, 117 Larrada, 117; L. modesta, 118 Larrides, 116 f. Larvae, of beetles, 188 f., 188; of Chrysis, 3; of Dasypoda, 28; of Hymenoptera, 7; of Lepidoptera, 323; of Sphex, 109 Lasiocampidae, 369, 375, 405 Lasiorhynchus barbicornis, 297 Lasius alienus, 140; founding nest, 146; L. fuliginosus, 138, 153; L. niger, 153 Latridiidae, 240 Latridius minutus, 240 Latter, O., on Puss-moth, 384 Leaf-cutting ants, 165 f. Leaf-nests (ants), 155 Lecanium hesperidum, 594; L. oleae, 417; L. persicae, 597 Ledra, 545, 578 Legs, abdominal, 9 Leistus spinibarbis, 204 Lema melanopa, 281 Lemoniidae, 354 Léon, on Hemidiptera, 553 Lepidoptera, 304 f.; L. Haustellata, L. Laciniata, 366 Leptalis, 346, 357 Leptidae, 479 Leptinidae, 220 Leptinillus, 221 Leptinus testaceus, 220 Leptis scolopacea, 441, 481 Leptocircus, 362 Leptoderini, 221 Leptogenys, 171; L. falcigera, 171 Leptomastax, 223 Leptothorax acervorum, 161 Lerp Insects, 581 Leto, 397; L. venus, 396 Leucania unipunctata, 416 Leuckart, on Melophagus, 519 Leucospis, 46; L. gigas, 44 Leuthner, on Odontolabis, 193 Libythea, 342 Libytheides, 355 Lice, 599 f. Ligula, 16 Limacodes, 489 Limacodidae 370, 401; parasite of, 4 Limnas chrysippus, 345 Limnichides, 242 Limnobia intermedia, 472 Limnobiinae, 472 Limochores taumas, 340 Limothrips denticornis, 530 Lindeman, on injuries from Thrips, 530 Lingua, 16 Lingula, 15 Liometopum microcephalum, 158 Lipara lucens, 128, 451 Liparidae, 406 Liponeura brevirostris, 465 Liponeuridae, 464 Lipoptena cervi, 518 Liptena, 356 Lipteninae, 356 Lita solanella, 430 Lithophilus, 239 Lithosiidae, 408 Lithosiinae, 409 Llaveia axinus, 598 Lobster, 383; Lobster-moth, 385 Loepa newara, 374 Lohita grandis, 549 Lomaptera, 200 Lomechusa, 142, 225 Lonchaeidae, 504 Lonchopteridae, 490 Longevity, 33, 135, 286, 306; of Cicada, 569; of Melolontha, 198; of Scarabaeus, 197 Longicorns, 285 Loopers, 411, 415 Lorum, 14, 14, 16 Lowne, on blow-fly, 449; on foot of Dytiscus, 211 Lucanidae, 193 Lucanus cervus, 194; antenna of, 191 Luciferase, Luciferine, 259 Lucilia, 511, 512; L. caesar, L. macellaria, L. sericata, 512 Luciola, 249; L. italica, 249 Ludia delegorguei, 373 Luminescence, 250, 258 f., 463, 469 Lunula, 442 Lutz, on exudation of Coccinellidae, 238 Lycaena baetica, 356 Lycaenidae, 341, 355, 356 Lycides, 248 Lycorea, 346 Lyctides, 246 Lygaeidae, 548 Lymantriidae, 370, 406 Lymexylon navale, 254 Lymexylonidae, 254 Lyonnet, on anatomy of caterpillar, 324 n. Machaerota guttigera, 578 M‘Cook, on honey-tub ants, 152 Macrocneme, 389 Macroglossini, 380 Macrolepidoptera, 340 Macronychus quadrituberculatus, 244 Macrotoma heros, 287 Maggot, 449 Malachiidae, 252 Malachius aeneus, 252 Malacodermidae, 248, 252, 266 Malaxation, 110, 126 Malpighian tubes, 320, 334, 429, 449, 460, 466, 473, 529, 540, 588 Mamillo curtisea, 378 Man—see Manna Mandibles, of Lepidoptera, 308; of pupa, 436, 437 Mandibulata, 434, 536 Manna, 597 Manson, on Mosquitoes, 468 Manticora maxillosa, 203; M. tuberculata, 202 Marane, 377 Marbled-white, 347 Marchal, on embryonic dissociation, 70 n.; on Ammophila, 111; on pigments, 334 Margarodes, 595, 597, 598; M. vitis, 598 Marimbouda da casa, 118 Maruina, 471 Masaridae, 88 f. Masaris, 89; M. vespiformis, 88, 89 Mason-bee, 35 f.—see Chalicodoma; of New Zealand, 107 Mastigus, 223 Matthews, on Hydroscaphidae and Corylophidae, 228; on Sphaeriidae, 227 Maxillae, of Lepidoptera, 309 Mayer, Paul, on Hemiptera, 536 Meadow-brown, 347 Meal-worm, 263, 264 Mealy-bugs, 592 Mechanitidae, 346 Medeterus ambiguus, 493 Median nervure, 318 Megacephala, 201 Megachile, 35, 51; M. albocincta, 52, 53; M. anthracina, 52; M. fasciculata, 52; M. lanata, 53; M. proxima, 53 Megalopides, 279, 282 Megalopygidae, 404 Megalybus gracilis, 490 Meganostoma, 543 Megarrhina, 445, 467 Megascelides, 279 Megasoma, 199 Megathymus, 371 Megistorhynchus longirostris, 485 Meijere, on stigmata, 450 Meinert, on Anoplura, 600; on mouth of Diptera, 444; on paedogenesis, 461; on Stylops, 302 Melandryidae, 265 Melanism, 414 Melanitis, 351 Melanophila decostigma, 261 Melecta, 31, 33; M. luctuosa, 31 Meliboeus, larva, 355 Meligethes, 232 Melinaea, 351 Melipona, 53, 62; M. scutellaris, 64 Melitaea, larvae, 354 Mellifera, 10 Mellinus, 123; M. arvenis, 123, 124; M. sabulosus, 124 Meloe, 33, 274 Meloidae, 269 Meloides, 270 Melolontha vulgaris, 194, 198 Melolonthides, 195, 198 Melophagus ovinus, 518, 519 Melophorus inflatus, 153 Melyridae, 252 Membracidae, 576, 578 Membracis foliata, 577 n. Membrane, of Hemiptera, 539 Menorhynchous, 542 Merodon equestris, 501 Merrifield, temperature experiments, 337 Mesodont, 193 Mesophragma, 312, 445 Mesoscutellum, 312 Mesoscutum, 311 Mesosternum, 307 Mesovelia, 551 Mesozoic beetles, 261 Messor, 164 Metamorpha, 351 Metamorphosis, 529; of Aleurodidae, 591; of Cicada, 571; of Coccidae, 594 f.; of Diptera, 452; of Hemiptera, 542 Metapneustic, 450 Metascutellum, 313 Methoca ichneumonides, 96 Metochy, 183 Metoecus paradoxus, 268 Meyrick, classification of Lepidoptera, 367 Miastor, 461 Mice, insects in nests of, 221 Microdon, 501, 502 Microlepidoptera, 340, 427; trophi, 309 Micropezidae, 504 Microphysides, 560 Microptera, 224 Micropterism, 549 Micropterygidae, 369, 435 Micropteryx, 307 f., 317, 319, 327, 433, 435, 436 Midge, 461, 470 Migration, Aphis-, 585 Mik, on Hilara, 493 Milichiidae, 504 Miltogramma, 121, 508 Mimacraea, 356 Mimesa bicolor, 128 Mimesides, 127 Mimicry, 337 f.—see also Resemblance Mines, Dipteron in, 474 Miscophus, 116 Models, 346 Moesa-blight, 561, 562 Mollusca, eaten by beetle-larvae, 252; larvae mistaken for, 501—see also Snails Molossus, parasite of, 560 Monarch-butterfly, 345 Monda rhabdophora, 393 Monema flavescens, 4 Moniez, on fertilisation of Coccidae, 594 Monodontomerus nitidus, 44 Monohammus confusus, 286 Monomera, 544 Monommidae, 265 Monomorium, 560; M. pharaonis, 163 Monotomides, 240 Montezumia dimidiata, nest of, 83 Mordella, 268 Mordellidae, 267 Mordellistena floridensis, 268 Mormolyce, 205 Mormolycides, 206 Morphides, 348 Morpho, 315, 331, 349; M. menelaus, 318; M. achilles, M. epistrophis, larvae of, 349 Mosquito, 466 f. Mosquito-bees, 61 Mosquito-blight, 562 Moth-flies, 470 Moths, 366 f. Motuca fly, 122, 482 Mouth, absence of, 310, 443, 489, 514, 515, 585, 596 Mouth-parts, of Diptera, 442 f.; of fleas, 523; of Hemiptera, 534, 535; of Hymenoptera Aculeata, 13; of Lepidoptera, 307 f.; of Lice, 599, 600 Mud-dauber, 113 Müggenburg, on Melophagus, 518 Müller, Fritz, on Imbauba-ant, 158; on Trigona, 64 Müller, H., on Dasypoda hirtipes, 27 Müller, W., on South American larvae, 344 n. Müllerian mimicry, 339 Mundstachel, 527, 528 Murray, A., on Lice, 601 Musca domestica, 511 Muscidae, 511 f., 517; M. Acalyptratae, 503 f.; M. Calyptratae, 448, 504 Musotimidae, 423 Mustiliidae, 376 Mutilla, 94, 95; M. europaea, 94 Mutillides, 94 f. Mycetaea hirta, 239, 240 Mycetaeidae, 239 Mycetobia pallipes, 462, 463 Mycetophagidae, 237 Mycetophilidae, 462 Mydaidae, 491 Mygnimia, 105 Myiasis, 512 Myiatropa florea, 499 Myiodocha tipulina, 557 Myoditini, 267 Myopinae, 497, 498 Myrapetra, 82 Myrmecia, 171, 172, 173 Myrmecocystus hortideorum, 152; M. melliger, 152; M. mexicanus, 152 Myrmecodia, 139 Myrmecophilous Insects, 181 f. Myrmedonia, 226 Myrmica laevinodis, 148; M. rubra, 133; M. rubra, races ruginodis, scabrinodis, 163 Myrmicides, 158 Myrmicini, 159 Nabides, 556 Nabis lativentris, 556 Nacerdes melanura, 266 Naclia ancilla, 390 Nagana, 513 Nagel, on digestion by injection, 212 Nagoda nigricans, 401 Nanosella fungi, 228 Nassonoff, on Strepsiptera, 301 n., 302 Naucoridae, 565 Necrobia ruficollis, 253 Necrophorus, 221 Nectar, 18 Neleus interruptus, antenna, 191 Nematobola orthotricha, 431 Nematodes, in Thysanoptera, 530 Nematois metallicus, 321 Nemeobiides, 355 Nemeobius lucina, 335, 355 Nemestrina, 455 n. Nemestrinidae, 484 Nemocera, 440; N. Anomala, N. Vera, 456 Nemognatha, 304 Nemosomides, 233 Neocastniidae, 372 Neolepidoptera, 366 Neotropidae, 346 Nepa, 541; N. cinerea, 563 Nepidae, 544, 563 Nepticula, 431 Nervous system, Coleoptera, 191 Nervules, 319, 429 Nervuration, of Diptera, 447; of Lepidoptera, 317 f. Nervures, 318, 319; development of, 329 f.; swollen, 347, 348; of Eumenes, 73 Nests, of ants, 136 f., 155; of Formica fusca and Solenopsis fugax, 137; of Porphyraspis, 284; of wasps, 79 f., 79, 81, 83, 87 Netrocera, 341 n. Neuroblasts, 453 Newbigin, Miss, on pigments, 334 Newport, on Meloe, 270 Nicagini, 195 Nicolas, on Halictus, 24 Nilionidae, 265 Nitidula, 232 Nitidulidae, 231, 235 Noctuidae, 311, 370, 410, 411, 414 f. Node, 131, 134 Nolidae, 410 Nolinae, 409 Nomada, 30; N. lathburiana, 30; N. sexfasciata, 30 Nonne, 407 Nopal cactus, 598 Nosodendrides, 242 Notocyrtus, 558 Notodontidae, 305, 368, 383 Notodontina, 411 Notonectidae, 567 Number of species: of Apidae, 10; of Butterflies, 343; of Coccidae, 593; of Coleoptera, 184; of Diptera, 438; of Fleas, 525; of Hemiptera, 543; of Lepidoptera, 306; of Lice, 600; of Thrips, 527 Nun, 407 Nurses, 66, 134 Nyctalemon, 419 Nyctemeridae, 409 Nycteolinae, 410 Nycteribia, 521, 522 Nycteribiidae, 521 Nymph, of Cicada, 569; of Thrips, 529 Nympha inclusa, 452 Nymphalidae, 341, 343 f. Nymphalides, 351 Nymphipara, 518 Nymphula stagnata, N. stratiotata, 423 Nyssonides, 123 Oak-Pruner, 286 Obtusilingues, 20 Oceanic bugs, 552 Ocelli, 325; O. compositi, 325 Ochthiphilidae, 504 Ocneria, 407 n.; O. dispar, 408 Ocnerodes, 489 Ocnogyna, 409 Ocypus olens, 225 Odontolabis sinensis, 193 Odontomachi, 171, 173 Odour, of bugs, 541 Odynerus, 74 f., 269; O. antilope, 75; O. callosus, 76; O. parietum, 3; O. punctum, 77; O. reniformis, 73, 75; O. spinipes, 3, 76 Oecocecis guyonella, 430 Oecodoma, 137, 164, 165; Oe. cephalotes, 133 Oecophylla smaragdina, 147 Oecophoridae, 429 Oedeagus, 314 [recte aedeagus] Oedematopoda princeps, 387 Oedemeridae, 266 Oestridae, 514 Oestrus ovis, 517 Ogcodes, 489, 490 Oil-beetles, 269 Oinophila v-flavum, 430 Olethreutidae, 427 Olibrus bicolor, 231 Oligarces, 461 Oligonephrous, 542 Oligoneura, 461 Ommatophorinae, 414 Oncideres, 286 Opetia, 496 Ophideres fullonica, 311 Opomyzidae, 504 Opostega, 429 Orange-tip, 357—see also Euchloe Orectochilus, 216 Oreta hyalodisca, 400 Origin of parasitic bees, 32 Orneodidae, 340, 371, 426 Ornithoptera, 360; O. brookiana, 362; O. paradisea, 360, 361, 362 Orphnephilidae, 470 Ortalidae, 504, 506 Ortalis, 447 Orthezia, 541, 598 Orthogenya, 494 Orthogonius, 206 Orthoperus atomarius, O. brunnipes, 228 Orthoptera, 533; parasite of, 497 Orthorrhapha, 454; O. Brachycera, 478 f.; O. Nemocera, 455, 458 f. Oryctes nasicornis, 199 Oscinidae, 504 Osmeterium, 363 Osmia, 47, 48 f; enemy of, 100; hair of, 11; O. cyanoxantha, 32; O. leucomelana, 29; O. tricornis, 48; O. tridentata, 48 f. Osten Sacken on Bugonia, 499; on Chaetotaxy, 446; on classification of Diptera, 456; summary of Portschinsky, 512 Othniidae, 265 Otiorhynchides, 437 Ourocnemis, 355, 356 Ovaries, 541, 602; in larva, 325 Oviduct, 320, 321 Oviposition, of Cicada, 571; of Notonecta, 567; of Tachina, 507 Ovipositor, 436, 506, 531, 539 Owlet-moths, 414 Ox-warbles, 517 Oxybelus, 129 Oxychirotinae, 425 Ozaenides, 214 Pachypus, 187 Packard, on Hymenopterous metamorphosis, 7 Pad, of Lepidoptera, 314 Paedogenesis, 303, 461 Pagiopoda, 544 Palaeolepidoptera, 366 Palaeomicra, 435 Palaeotropinae, 347 Palaeozoic Insects, 311, 542 Palmer-worm, 323 Palpicornia, 219 Paltostoma, 465 Palustra, 377 Pangonia longirostris, 482 Panomoea, 237 Panurgides, 20 Papilio, 359; P. ajax, forms of, 335; P. antimachus, 362; P. zalmoxis, 362 Papilionidae, 342, 357, 359 Paracelyphus, 505 Paragia, 89 Parallel series in Aphidae, 585 Parandra, 288 Parapompilus gravesii, 105 Paraponera clavata, 172 Paraponyx, 423 Paraptera, 312 Parasites, among ants, 183; of mason-bee, 43; of larva of Andrena, 26; of Odynerus, 76 Parasitic, bees, 23, 29 f.; Prosopis, 32; Diptera, 507 Parasyscia, 175 n. Parmula, 501 Parnassius, 342, 362 Parnidae, 219, 243, 255 Parnopes carnea, 4 Parnus, 244 Parthenogenesis, 24, 85, 86, 395, 430, 469, 530, 583, 594 Parthenogenetic young, 139 n. Passalidae, 192; larva, 192, 262 Passaloecus, 128 Patagia, 311, 312 Pattern, formation of, 335 Patula, 414 Paurometabola, 542 Paussidae, 201, 213 Paussus cephalotes, etc., 214 Pavonia, 350 Pea-weevil, 277 Peacock butterfly, 352 Peal, on sound-producing ant, 156 Peckham, on Fossores, 130 n.; on instinct, 70, 99 Pectinicornia, 194 Pedicinus, 600 Pediculidae, 599 Pediculus capitis, 599, 601; P. melittae, 274; P. vestimenti, 601 Pedilidae, 266 Peduncle, 133, 134 Pegomyia inanis, 79 Pelobiidae, 207 Pelobius tardus, 208 Pelogonidae, 562 Pelopaeus, 110, 112 n.; P. bilineatus, 114; P. laetus, 113, 117; P. madraspatanus, 113; P. spirifex, 112 Peltasticta, 245 Peltides, 233 Pemphigus, 589 Pemphredon lugubris, 128 Pemphredonides, 127 Penis, 314 Pentamera, 190 Pentanephria, 466 Pentatoma, 541; P. rufipes, 535 Pentatomidae, 533, 545, 546 Pepsis, 104, 389; P. formosus, 105 Pérez, on bee-parasitism, 32; on Halictus, 24 Pericoma canescens, 470 Pericopinae, 409 Peridrepana, 401 Perilitus, 282 Peripneustic, 450 Peritracheal spaces, 332, 333 Perkins, R. C. L., on bee and acarid symbiosis, 70; on Odynerus, 76; on Prosopis, 21 Perophora batesi, P. melsheimeri, 377; P. sanguinolenta, 379 Perophoridae, 377 Perothopides, 260 Peytoureau, on morphology of abdomen, 313, 314 Phaeism, 337 Phalacridae, 231 Phalacrocera replicata, 474 Phaloniadae, 427 Phanaeus splendidulus, antenna of, 191 Pharynx, 320 Phaudinae, 392 Pheidole, 165 Pheidologeton laboriosus, 159; P. diversus, 167 Phenax, 575 Phengodes hieronymi, 249 Phengodini, 251 Philaenus spumarius, 577 Philanthides, 124 f. Philanthus apivorus, 127; P. triangulum, 125 Phileurus didymus, antenna, 191 Philonthus nitidus, 225 Phlebotomus, 470 Phloea corticata, 545 Phloeides, 545 Phloeothrips frumentarius, 530 Phobetron pithecium, 403 Phonapate, 246 Phoridae, 494 Phosphaenus hemipterus, 249 Phosphorescence, 250—see also Luminescence Phragma, 307, 313 Phragmocyttares, 81 Phthanocoris, 543 Phthiriasis, 601 Phthirius inguinalis, 601 Phycitidae, 424 Phycodromidae, 504 Phyllocnistis, 431 Phyllomorpha laciniata, 547, 548 Phyllorhina, parasite of, 520 Phylloxera, 587 Phylogeny of butterflies, 343 n. Phymatidae, 554 Phymatopus, 399 Physapoda or Physopoda, 531 Phytomyzidae, 504 Phytophaga, 190, 237, 276 f. Phytophthires, 544 Phytoscopic effects, 336 Pierella, 348 Pieridae, 341, 357 Pieris brassicae, 340; development of wing, 328, 329, 333 Piesma, 550 Pigments, 330, 334, 357 Pilifer, 308 Pill-beetles, 242 Pinaridae, 405 Piophilidae, 504 Pipunculidae, 496 Pipunculus, 496 Pison, 118 Pit-falls, 481 Plagiolepis trimeni, 153 Plagithmysus, 287 Plant-lice, 581 f. Plants and ants, 183 Plataspides, 545 Platycnema, 496 Platypezidae, 496 Platyphora lubbocki, 495 Platypides, 289, 295 Platypsyllidae, 219 Platypsyllus castoris, 219 Platysoma depressum, 230 Platystomidae, 504 Plea minutissima, 567 Pliny, on Mason-bee, 44 Ploiaria pallida, 556 Plume-moths, 426 Plumules, 331 Plusia, 415 Pochazia, 576 Podilegidae, 32 Poecilocampa populi, 406 Poecilocapsus lineatus, 542 Poecilocyttares, 81 Pogonomyrmex barbatus, 164 Pogonostoma, 203 Poison, of Hymenoptera, 7 f. Poison-glands, 2 Poisonous caterpillars, 376, 403, 404, 405 Polistes, 86; P. and Stylops, 301, 303 Pollen-gathering and -carrying, 11, 12 Polybia, nests of, 81, 82, 83 Polyctenes fumarius, 560 Polyctenidae, 560 Polyergus lucidus, 151; P. rufescens, 150 f. Polymorpha (Coleoptera), 189, 190, 213 f. Polymorphism, 139 f., 143 Polyphylla fullo, antenna, 191 Polyploca, 386 Polyplocidae, 386 Polyplocotes, 248 Polyrhachis, 155; P. pandurus, 156; P. spinigera, 138 Pompilidae, 93, 101 f. Pompilus, 103; P. polistoides, 104; P. sericeus, 106 Ponera contracta, P. ergatandria, P. punctatissima, 172 Ponerides, 132, 170 f. Porphyraspis tristis, 284 Porphyrophora polonica, 597 Porrorhynchus, 216 Portschinsky, on habits and development of Muscidae, 507, 512 Post-metamorphic growth, 141 Post-scutellum, 307, 312 Potamogeton pectinatus, beetle on, 280 Potamophilus acuminatus, 244 Potassium hydroxide, 328, 384 Potato-beetle, 278 Pouch, abdominal, 350, 362 Poulton, on colours, 336, 339 Praecostal nervures, 319 Praescutum, 312 Pratt, on imaginal discs, 453 n.; on Melophagus, 519 Prepona, larva, 354 Prey, of Fossores, table, 92 Pria dulcamarae, 232 Primitive, beetles, 251, 252; Diptera, 475 Priocnemis affinis, 5; P. bicolor, 107 Priodont, 193 Prionides, 287 Proboscis, 13, 14, 16, 17, 304, 307, 309, 311, 443, 482, 485, 532 Processional maggots, 464 Processionary caterpillars, 376, 408 Prodoxidae, 432; mouth, 309 Prodoxus, 433 Pro-legs, 323 Prolific, Aphids, 589; Coccids, 594; Hepialus, 397; Lice, 601; Meloe, 274; Stylops, 301 Prominents, 383 Pronuba, 321; P. yuccasella, 432; P. synthetica, 432 Pronymph, 453 Propodeum, 131, 133 Propolis, 63 Propygidium, 187 Prosopis, 21, 22; hair of, 11; proboscis of, 17; P. signata, 21 Protection, 43, 413; of trees by ants, 158; of plant by ants, 168 Proterhinidae, 298 Proterhinus lecontei, 298 Protolepidoptera, 336 Protoparce carolina, 309 Protopaussus, 214 Psammorycter vermileo, 481 Pselaphidae, 223; and ants, 182 Psen atratus, P. concolor, 127 Psephenus, 244 Pseudholoptic, 440 n. Pseudocorylophidae, 228 Pseudodicthadia, 180; P. incerta, 177 Pseudodoxia limulus, 431 Pseudomeria graeca, 99 Pseudomorphides, 205, 206 Pseudomyrma bicolor, 168 Pseudomyrmini, 168 Pseudoneuroptera, 527 Pseudopaedogenesis, 303 Pseudopod, 188, 264, 267, 290, 449, 492 Pseudopontia paradoxa, 357 Pseudo-pupa, 271, 273 Pseudotetramera, 190 Pseudotrimera, 239 Pseudovespa, 88 Pseudovarium and Pseudovum, 584 Pseudovitellus, 588 Psilidae, 504 Psiliglossa, larva, 8 Psilocephala, 484 Psilura monacha, 407 Psithyrus, 53, 57, 59 f.; P. campestris, 60; P. vestalis, 60 Psocidae, 248 Psyche helix, 394 Psychidae, 369, 392 Psychina, 394, 395, 404 Psychoda, 466 Psychodidae, 470 Psylla pyricola, 579, 580; P. succincta, 579; P. buxi, 580 Psyllidae, 578 Pterocheilus, 76 Pterodecta, 400 Pterophoridae, 340, 371, 425, 426 Pterophorinae, 426 Pterostichus, 205 Pterothysanidae, 369, 406 Pterygodes, 312 Pterygogenea, 542 Ptilinum, 442, 503, 520 Ptilinus pectinicornis, 253 Ptilocnemus sidnicus, 557 Ptilomacra, 395 Ptilomera laticaudata, 553 Ptinidae, 246 Ptomaphila lacrymosa, 222 Ptychoptera, 466 Ptychopterinae, 472 Ptyelus goudoti, 577 Pugs, 411 Pulex avium, P. irritans, P. serraticeps, 525; P. obtusiceps, 525 Pulicidae, 522 f. Puliciphora lucifera, 495 Pulvillus, 446 Pupa, of beetles, 188 f.; coarctata, 452; obtecta, 227, 327, 451; depositing eggs, 469; hairy, 407, 426; of Lepidoptera, 326 f.; with mandibles, 436 Puparium, 452 Pupation, of Badamia, 365; of Parnassius and Thais, 363 Pupipara, 456, 513, 517 Purple emperor, 344 Pusci, 504 Puss-moth, 328, 383, 406 Pygidium, 187 Pyralidae, 340, 370, 420 Pyralidina, 420, 426 Pyrameis atalanta, 353; P. cardui, 353; P. tameamea, 353 Pyraustidae, 421 Pyrochroa rubens, 266 Pyrochroidae, 266 Pyrophorus, 258; P. noctilucus, 259 Pyrrhocoridae, 549 Pyrrhocoris apterus, 535, 549 Pyrrhopyge, 364 Pythidae, 265 Pytho depressus, 266 Quartenia, 89 Queen, 66, 67, 69, 140 Races, of Apis, 68 Radial nervures, 319 Raffray, on Pogonostoma, 204; on classification of Paussidae, 214; on classification of Pselaphidae, 224 Railway-beetle, 251 Ranatra linearis, 563 Raptorial legs, 493, 554, 556 Réaumur, on Xylocopa, 33 Receptaculum seminis, 140 Rectal cauda, 538 Red admiral, 352 Red ant—see Formica rufa Reduviidae, 555 f. 537 Reduvius personatus, 558 Régimbart, on Gyrinidae, 216 Resemblance, between ant, wasp, and spider, 169; between Anthophora and Bombus, 33; between Arctia villica and Eusemia villicoides, 410; between beetle-larva and Termite, 206; between Bombus and Eulema, 35; between Bombyliidae and Hymenoptera, 489; between bug and ant, 556, 557; bug and Tipulid, 556, 558; bug and fly, 547; in butterflies, 348; between Callidulidae and Lycaenidae, 400; between Celyphus and Hemiptera, 505; between Cleridae and insects they destroy, 254; between Dioptinae and Ithomiides, 409; between Diptera and Hymenoptera, 499, 500; between Epicopeia and Papilio, 418; between Flatides and Lepidoptera, 576; of flies and bees, 502; to galls, 403; between host and parasite-bees, 30; between Insects of different Orders, 339; of Ithomiides to other butterflies, 346; between lady-bird and Endomychid, 237; of larva to a colony of larvae, 418; of larva of Odynerus and of Chrysis, 4; between larvae, 162; in Limacodidae, 401; of Lobster caterpillar, 385; between Longicorns and Hymenoptera, 287; of moth to bird-excrement, 401; of parasite and prey, 95; of Pericopinae and Heliconiides, 409; between protected butterflies, 345; between Psithyrus and Bombus, 59; of Reduviid and Pepsis, 558; between Rhyphus- and Mycetobia-larvae, 463; of Syntomids to other Insects, 388 f.; of Tipulids and Hymenoptera, 475; between two kinds of ants, 162 Resting-larva, 306 Retinaculum, 316, 319, 420 Retort-shaped bodies, in mouth of Hemiptera, 535 Reuter, E., on classification of butterflies, 343 n. Rhachicerus, 480 Rhagovelia plumbea, 552 Rhaphiorhynchus, 483 Rhegmatophila alpina, 305, 386 Rheumatobates bergrothi, 553 Rhinomacerides, 291 Rhinopsis, 115; R. ruficornis, 169 Rhinosimus, 266 Rhipicera mystacina, 256 Rhipiceridae, 256 Rhipidiini, 267 Rhipidioptera, 543 Rhipiphoridae, 267 Rhipiphorides, 268 Rhipiptera, 298 [in error for Rhiphiptera] Rhizophagus, 232 Rhizotrogus, 191 Rhodoneura, 405 Rhogmus, 179, 180 Rhopalocera, 340, 341 f. Rhopalomelus angusticollis, 206 Rhopalomeridae, 504 Rhopalosoma poeyi, 100 Rhopalosomides, 100 Rhygchium brunneum, R. carnaticum, R. nitidulum, R. oculatum, 77 Rhynchites betulae, 291, 292 Rhynchitides, 291 Rhynchophora, 190, 277, 288 f. Rhynchophorous series, 240 Rhynchopsylla pulex, 526 Rhynchota, 532 Rhyphidae, 478 Rhyphus, 463 Rhysodidae, 201, 234 Riley, on Epicauta, 270, 271; on spermathecal bodies, 321; on Yucca-moth, 432 Ripidius pectinicornis, 269 Rippe, of Schäffer, 334 Robber-flies, 491 Rose-chafers, 200 Rosema, 401 Rostrum, 291, 472 Rothney, on Ampulex, 115; on Sima, 169; on Sphex, 110 Rothschild, N. C., on morphology of fleas, 523 n. Royal jelly, 66 Rozites gongylophora, 167 Ruby-wasps, 1 f. Rurales, 342 Rutelides, 195, 198 Saccoderes, 558; S. tuberculatus, 537 Saccus, 314 Sagra splendida, 279 Sagrides, 279 Salda, 560 Saldidae, 544, 562 Salivary, duct, 320; gland, 320 Sand-flea, 525; -flies, 477 Saperda populnea, 285, 286 Sapromyzidae, 504 Sapyga quinquepunctata, 100 Sapygides, 99 Sarcophaga, 510; S. carnaria, 510 Sarcophagidae, 510 Sarcophila magnifica, S. wohlfahrti, 510 Sarcopsylla gallinacea, S. penetrans, 525 Sarginae, 479 Saropoda, 32 Sarrothripus, 410 Sasaki, on parasite of silkworm, 508 Saturnia, 307, 310; S. pavonia, 313, 374 Saturniidae, 368, 372 Satyrides, 347 Sauba, or Sauva, ant, 137 Saunders, E., on feathered hairs, 11; on proboscis of bees, 16 Saunders, Sir S., on Hymenopterous larvae, 8 Scale, 131, 133, 315, 467; development of, 329 f.; -formation, 333; -holder, 331 Scale-Insects, 592 f.; enemy of, 356, 357, 417, 425, 430 Scalpella, 443 Scape, 441 Scaphidiidae, 229 Scaphisoma agaricinum, 229 Scaphium, 314 Scapulae, 312 Scarabaeidae, 194 f. Scarabaeini, 196 Scarabaeus sacer, 196, 197 Scatomyzidae, 504 Scatophagidae, 504 Scatopse, 477 Sceliphron, 112; S. nigripes, 91 Scenopinidae, 484 Schäffer, on structure of wings and nervures, 330 Schiödte, on Anoplura, 599 f.; on Hemiptera, 543 Schistocerca peregrina, enemy of, 506, 514 Schizocarpus mingaudi, 220 Schizometopa, 504 Schizoneura, 589 Schizophora, 455 Schmidt-Schwedt, on Donacia, 280 Schoenbergia, 360, 361 Schoenobiinae, 425 Sciapteron, 387 Sciara militaris, 464 Sciomyzidae, 504 Sciophila unimaculata, 462 Scolia bifasciata, S. haemorrhoidalis, 97 Scoliidae, 93, 94 f. Scoliides, 97 f. Scolytidae, 294 Scopariidae, 421 Scopariinae, 421 Scopelodes, 401 Scopulipedes, 20, 32 f. Screw-worm, 512 Scudder, on butterflies, 543 Scutata or Scutati, 546 Scutellerides, 545 Scutelligera, 501 Scutellum, 307, 312, 537 Scutum, 307; S. proboscidis, 443 Scydmaenidae, 223 Scymnites, 238 Scymnus minimus, 238 Seasonal dimorphism or variation, 335 Seitz, on Syntomid resemblances, 388, 389 Semi-loopers, 415 Seminal duct, 321 Semi-pupa, 271 Semper, on development of wing, 333 Sense-organ, 442, 448; thoracico-abdominal, 414; in Uraniidae, 419 Sepsidae, 504 Sericaria mori, 375 Sericteria, 325 Seroot-fly, 482 Serricornia, 189, 213, 255 Sesia, 387; S. scoliaeformis, 321 Sesiidae, 386, 388, 370 (for Syntomidae), 389 Setae, 534 f.; aërostatic, 408 Setina, 410 Seventeen-year Cicada, 569 Sex, differences, 92, 95; production of, 32, 67; in larva, 325 Sexuparous, 586 Sharp, on classification of Dytiscidae, 213 n. Sheep, bot-fly, 517; -tick, 518 Shield, 592 Shoulder, -lappets, 312; -tufts, 312; of wing, 316, 319 Siagona, 206 Siculodidae, 423 Siebold, von, on Strepsiptera, 301 Sigara minutissima, 568 Sight, of Pompilus, 104 Silk-glands, 325 Silkworm, 375; affected by parasitic fly, 507, 508; Madagascar-, 405 Silpha, 221; Silpha atrata, S. laevigata, S. lapponica, 222; S. obscura, 222; S. opaca, S. thoracica, 222 Silphidae, 221 f., 252, 256 Sima, 168; S. leviceps, stridulating organ, 169; S. rufonigra, 169 Simuliidae, 477 Simulium columbaczense, 477 Sinodendron cylindricum, 194 Siphon, 563, 581, 589 Siphonaptera, 522 f. Siphonophora, 239 Siphunculata, 600 Sitaris, 33; S. humeralis, 272 Sitodrepa, 247 Skippers, 363 Slave-making ant, 149, 150, 163 Sloth, 430 Slug-worms, 402 Smallest Insect, 228 Smerinthini, 380 Smerinthus populi, 309, 381 Smith, F., on Mellinus arvensis, 123 Snails, enemies of, 205, 222, 510; parasite of, 495 Social, bees, 35; wasps, 78, 84 Sociales, 20, 53 f. Solanum dulcamara, beetle on, 232 Soldiers, 132 Soldier-ant, 150 Solenobia, 395, 430 Solenopsis fugax, 137 Solitary wasps—see Fossores and Eumenidae Song, of Cicada, 572 Soronia, 232 Sound-organs, 448; of Ageronia, 354; of Hecatesia, 371; of Cicada, 573, 574—see also stridulating organs Sound-production, 155, 156; by Aegocera, 411; by Arctiidae, 410; by Sphingidae, 382—see also Stridulation Spalacopsini, 288 Spatula, 459 Spencer, Herbert, on Weismann, 143 Spercheus emarginatus, 218, 219 Spermatheca, 320, 321 Spermophila, 506 Sphaeridiides, 219 Sphaeriidae, 227 Sphaerites, 223 Sphaeritides, 229 Sphaerius acaroides, 227 Sphaerocarides, 279 Sphecia, 387 Sphecius speciosus, 123 Sphecodes, 21, 22; S. gibbus, 23, 23; S. rubicundus, 22; S. subquadratus, 23 Sphegidae, 93, 107 f. Sphegides, 107 f. Sphex coeruleus, 110; S. flavipennis, 108; S. lobatus, 110; S. maxillosus, 108 Sphindidae, 245 Sphingidae, 309, 315, 316, 368, 380 f. Sphinx ligustri, 380 Spider parasite, 490 Spilosoma, 408 Spinneret, 324, 325, 403, 417 Spirachtha, 227 Spiracles, 188, 191; of Diptera, 449 f.; of Hippoboscidae, 519; of Lepidoptera, 313, 314; of Lipara, 451; of Nepa, 564; of Thrips, 528 Spondyliaspis, 581 Spondylidae, 288 Springing plant-lice, 579 Spuler, on nervures, 317 n. Squama, 448 Squeakers, 209 Staetherinia, 401 Stag-beetles, 193 Stalk, 317, 319 Staphylinidae, 223, 224 f. Staudinger, Schatz and Röber, on butterflies, 343 n. Stauronotus maroccanus, 489 Stauropus fagi, 385 Stelis minuta, 29; S. nasuta, 30, 43; S. signata, 30 Stelocyttares, 81 Stenamma westwoodi, 159 Stenopteryx hirundinis, 519 Stephostethus, 240 Sternorhyncha, 544 Sterrhopteryx, 394 Stethopathidae, 496 Stigmata—see Spiracles Stigmatomma, 180 Stigmus pendulus, 128 Sting, 4, 5, 6, 58, 144; development of, 8, 9 Stinging, 98; by Calicurgus, 102; by Pompilidae, 104; by Sphex, 109 Stingless bees, 61 Stink-gland, 257, 533; -vessel, 225 Stipes, 309 Stizinae, 123 Stomach, 320 Stomoxys calcitrans, 512 Stratiomyidae, 478 Stratiomys, 452 Straus-Durckheim, on Melolontha, 198 Strawberries, eaten by beetles, 205 Streblidae, 521 Strepsiptera, 189, 298 f. Streptoperas, 401 Stridulating organ, of Myrmica, 133; of Heterocerus, 243; of Passalus-larva, 192; of Sima leviceps, 169 Stridulation, of ants, 134; of Corixa, 568; of Criocerides, 281; of Dynastides, 199; of Geotrupes, 195; of Ipides, 232; of Lomaptera, 200; of Longicorns, 287; of larva of Lucanus cervus, 194; of Megalopides, 282; of Melolontha-larva, 198; of Mutilla, 94; of Pelobius, 208; of Phonapate, 246; of Phyllomorpha, 548; of Praogena, 264; of Siagona, 206; of Trox, 195 Strigil, 568 Striphnopterygidae, 376 Strongylognathus huberi, S. testaceus, 162 Strumigenys, 170 Style, 442 Stylopidae, 298 Stylopised bees, 26 Stylops dalii, 299 Styx infernalis, 340, 358 Suana, 405 Subcostal nervure, 318 Submedian nervure, 318 Suboesophageal ganglion, 320 Sucking-stomach, 311, 449 Suction by Lepidoptera, 311 Suctoria, 526 Supericornia, 546 Swallow-flies, 519 Swarming of wasps, 70 n. Swarms, 62, 65, 67, 80, 135, 467, 505, 584 Swift-moths, 396 Symbiosis, of ants and plants, 139; of bee and Acarid, 70. See also Ants'-nest Insects, and Association Symbius blattarum, 269 Symphily, 183 Synecthry, 183 Synemon, 371 Synoeca cyanea, nest, 82 Syntelia westwoodi, 229 Synteliidae, 229 Syntomidae, 339 n., 369, 388 Syntomis phegea, 390 Syringe, 535, 536 Syrphidae, 439, 498 f. Systoechus oreas, 489 Systropus crudelis, 489 Tabanidae, 481, 492 Tabanus, 482 Tachinidae, 507, 514 Tachysphex panzeri, 117 Tachytes, 116; destroyer of, 275; T. australis, 113, 117; T. pectinipes, 117 Tachytides, 116 Taenia, fleas as hosts of, 526 Tajuria diaeus, pupa, 357 Taleporia, 395 Taleporiidae, 430 Tanypezidae, 504 Taphroderides, 296 Tapinoma erraticum, 157 Tarantula-killer, 105 Tarphius, 233 Tarsolepis, 383 Taschenberg, on anatomy of flea, 523 n. Tascina, 372 Tea-plant bug, 562 Teara melanosticta, 408 Tegula, 71, 187, 307, 311, 312, 447 Tegmina, 539 Teleodont, 193 Telephorides, 248 Telmatophilus, 235 Temnochila coerulea, 232 Temnochilides, 233 Tenebrio molitor, 263 Tenebrionidae, 263 Tenebroides mauritanica, 232 Tentacle, maxillary, 309, 432 Tenthredinidae, parasite of, 4 Terebrantia, 531 Termites, 203, 206, 227, 231 Terrifying attitude, 384 Tesseratomides, 546 Testes, 321, 324, 400, 429; in larva, 325 Tetanocera ferruginea, 504 Tetanoceridae, 504 Tetragona, 53, 61 Tetramera, 190 Tetramorium caespitum, 160, 163 Tettigometrides, 567 Teucrium, bug and galls on, 550 Thais, pupation of, 363 Thanaos, 342; T. tages, androconia, 332 Therevidae, 484 Thiridopteryx, 420 Thomas, on androconia, 331 Thorictidae, 236 Thorictus, 236 Thrips, 526 f.; Thrips lini, 531; T. secalina, 530 Throscides, 260 Thyatira batis, T. derasa, 386 Thymaridae, 392 Thynnides, 96 Thyreophoridae, 504 Thyrididae, 370, 404 Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, 394 Thysanoptera, 526 f. Tiger-beetles, 201 f. Tiger-moths, 409 Tillus elongatus, 253, 254 Tinaegeriidae, 370, 387 Tinea, 305; T. pellionella, 429, 430; T. vastella, 430; T. vivipara, 430 Tineidae, 340, 370, 394, 427, 428 Tineodidae, 423 Tineola biselliella, 430 Tingidae, 549 Tipula brobdignagia, 475 Tipulidae, 471 f.; T. Brevipalpi, 472, 473; T. Longipalpi, 472, 475 Tipulinae, 475 Tiresias serra, 241 Titanus giganteus, 287 Tithorea, 346 Tomicides, 295 Tomognathus sublaevis, 161 Tongue, 309 Tortoise-shell butterflies, 352 Tortricidae, 340, 395, 427, 432 Tortricina, 395 Toxorrhina, 472 Toxotrypana, 506 Trechus, 205 Trichiini, 200 Trichocera, 473 Trichodes alvearius, T. ammios, T. apiarius, 254 Trichophaga tapetzella, 430 Trichoptera, 306, 425 Trichopterygidae, 227 Trichopteryx fascicularis, 227 Trichroism, 351 Trichterwickler, 294 Trichura, 389, 390 Trictenotomidae, 275 Triecphora, 543 Trigona, 53, 61; T. carbonaria, 63; T. crassipes, 65; T. mosquito, 62 Trimera, 238, 544 Trimeria, 89 Trineura aterrima, 494 Triodites mus, 489 Trioza rhamni, 580 Triphaena, 415 Triphleps, 530 Tritoma bipustulata, 236 Triungulin, 262, 268, 270, 271, 272, 299, 300 Trochalopoda, 543, 544 Trochanter, 307; divided, 123 Trochilium, 387 Trogini, 195 Trogositidae, 232, 235 Trogosita mauritanica, 232 Tromoptera, 457 Trophi—see Mouth-parts Trox, stridulation, 195 Truffle-beetle, 222 Trumpeter bumble-bee, 58 Trypanaeus, 230 Trypanidae, 395 Trypetidae, 504, 506 Trypoxylonides, 118 Trypoxylon, 118; T. albitarse, 118; T. figulus, 119 Tse-tse fly, 512, 513 Tubulifera, 1 f. Tubulifera (Thrips), 531 Tulip-tree, tubes on, 578 Turkey-gnats, 477 Turnip-flea, 278 Tusser, or Tussore, silk, 374 Tympanoterpes gigas, 572 Typhlatta, 179, 180 Typhlopone, 178, 179, 180 Ugimyia sericariae, 507 Ulidiidae, 504 Ulopa, 578 Uncus, 314 Urania rhipheus, 419 Uraniidae, 368, 419 Uric acid pigments, 357 Urodon, 278 Uzel, on Thysanoptera, 527 Vanessa, 352; larva, 354—see also Pyrameis and Araschnia Vanessula, 356 Vapourer-moths, 407 Variation, of Anomma burmeisteri, 179; of Bombus, 58; of larvae, 336; of Sphecodes, 23; of male and worker ants, 160; of workers and females, 162; due to parasites, 26; of larva and imago, 408; generic, 401; local, 398; in nervuration, 414; and dimorphism in Geometrid-larvae, 412; of mandibles of Lucanidae, 193; in colour of Psyllidae, 579; trichroism of hind wings, 351; in size of Brenthidae, 297; of time and form in Cicada, 570; in wings, 540; as to winged or wingless, 531; change in, 414; seasonal, 335 Vasa deferentia, 321 Veils, 493 Veins—see nervures Velia currens, 552 Velleius dilatatus, 227 Verhoeff, on Agenia, 106; on Halictus, 25; on Siphonophora, 239; on Stelis minuta, 29; on terminal segments of beetles, 186 Vermileo degeeri, 481 Vermipsylla alakurt, 523, 526 Verson, on rudiments of wings, 328 Vertebrates, larvae of Diptera, attacking, 506, 510, 512, 514, 517, 520; tick-fleas on, 526 Vespa, nests of, 79, 83; V. austriaca, 81, 88; V. crabro, 81; V. germanica, 79 Vespidae, 78 Viviparous, Aphids, 583; fly, 506, 511, 513, 518 f.; moths, 430; Staphylinidae, 227 Voice—see Song, Sound-organs, Stridulation Volucella, 500; V. bombylans, 441 Wagner, on morphology of fleas, 523 n.; on paedogenesis, 460 Walker, J. J., on Halobates, 552 Wallace, on flight of Hesperiidae, 364 Walsingham, Lord, on Tortricidae, 427 Walter, on mouth of Lepidoptera, 308, 310 Wandering ants, 175 f. Wanzenspritze, 536 Wasmann, on Ants'-nest Insects, 181 n., 183; on Lomechusa, 142, 226; on Weismann, 143 Wasps, 71 f. Wasps'-nest, beetle, 235; Insect, 268 Water-scorpion, 563 Wax, 65, 575, 576, 597 Wax-glands, 589 Wax-hairs, 580 Wedde, on mouth of Hemiptera, 535 Weeping-trees, 577 Weevil, biscuit-, 247; pea-, 277 Weinland, on halteres, 448 Wet- and dry-season forms, 336 Whirligig-beetle, 215 White wax, 576, 597 Whittell, on Pelopaeus and Larrada, 117 Wielowiejski, on luminous organs, 250 Wing-cases, of beetles, 186, 270 Wing, of bugs, 539; of Diptera, 447; of Lepidoptera, 315 f.; development of, 328; structure of, 329 Wingless—see Apterous Wingless and winged Aphids, 584 Wing-nervures—see Nervures Wing-rib, 330, 333 Wing-veins—see Nervures Winter-gnats, 473 Winter-moth, 414 Winter-mother, 586 Wire-worm, 258 Wood-ant—see Formica rufa Wood-leopard moth, 309, 395 Woodpecker, Diptera in, 506 Workers, 54, 66, 67, 79, 85, 132, 140 Worm-eaten furniture, 248 Xantharpyia straminea, parasite of, 521, 522 Xenos, 303; X. rossii, 299, 301 Xestobium, 248 Xylocopa, 32, 34, 70; submentum of, 14; X. chloroptera, 34; X. violacea, 33 Xylodiplosis, 458, 459 Xylophagidae, 479 Xylophaginae, 480 Xylophilidae, 266 Xylotrupes gideon, 199 Yellow-fever-fly, 464 Yolinus, 558 Young carried, 556 Yucca-moth, 432 Zabrus, 205 Zaitha anura, 566 Zelotypia staceyi, 396 Zemioses celtis, 296 Zeuzera aesculi, 309, 395 Zeuzeridae, 395 Zygaenidae, 369, 388, 390, 392, 394 Zygia, 253