Chapter VI · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF AMERICAN GRAPES. (continued 3)

Sanrubra. (Rot. Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between San Jacinto and Brilliant; from Munson, about 1906. Very vigorous, productive; cluster medium; berry not quite as large as Scuppernong but more persistent; melting, sweet, of good quality; skin thin, tough.

Santa Clara. (Vin. Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of unknown parentage, probably Delaware; from J. B. Tuckerman, Cassville, New York, first fruited in 1900. Lacks vigor; strongly Vinifera in vine characters; tendrils intermittent; stamens upright; flowers sterile; clusters usually single-shouldered; berries small, roundish, light green with thin gray bloom, persistent, rather soft; fair in flavor and quality; skin nearly thin, tender.

Saxe White Seedling. Found in Catskill Mountains by W. H. Saxe, Palenville, New York, about 1900. Vigorous, hardy, productive; ripens a little before Early Ohio.

Schenck White. Noted in Grape Culturist, 1871, as “supposed to have come from Germany about 1790.”

Schiller. (Bourq.) A seedling of Louisiana; from Frederick Muench, Marthasville, Missouri. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive; bunch below medium; berries medium, purplish-blue.

Schmitz Seedling. (Lab. Vin.) Noted in Magazine of Horticulture for 1853 as a seedling grape from Gerhard Schmitz, Pennsylvania. Resembles Isabella closely but may be a little earlier.

Schoonemunk. (Lab.) Skunnymunk. A native seedling found by W. A. Woodward, Mortonville, Orange County, New York, about 1860, named after a neighboring mountain. Said to be hardy, productive; fruit equal in size and flavor to the Concord; earlier in ripening.

Scott. Noted by Prince in 1830 as a native North Carolina grape found by Gen. John Scott of the same state. Berries medium, round, white, amber when ripe; juicy, of good flavor; ripen late.

Secunda. (Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens reflexed; bunch medium; berry large, red; early.

Seedlin. (Rot.) Noted in South Carolina Station Bulletin No. 132, 1907, as medium in vigor, very productive; flowers perfect; bunches contain three to six reddish-black berries; pulp tender, juicy, slightly acid, of good quality; skin thick.

Selma. (Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Elvira probably crossed with Concord; from G. Segessman, Amazonia, Missouri; first mentioned about 1890. Hardy, productive, healthy; bunches large, perfect, shouldered; berry medium, round, black, adherent; juicy, sprightly, pleasant flavored; skin thick; ripens a few days after Moore Early.

Seneca. (Lab.) A seedling of Hartford; first exhibited at Hammondsport, New York, in 1867 by R. Simpson, Geneva, New York. Similar to its parent.

Seneca. (Lab. Vin.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas; mentioned in Missouri Horticultural Society Report in 1892. Very vigorous, not quite hardy, healthy, productive; bunch large, compact; berry large, red, with slight bloom; tender, juicy, sprightly, sweet, of Catawba flavor; skin thin, tough; ripens after Concord.

Septimia. (Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) From Munson, in 1897; a cross between Early Purple and Carman. Stamens erect; bunch large with medium-sized, black berries; late.

Seward. A seedling from S. V. Smith, Syracuse, New York; exhibited as a new variety before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1880. Bunch medium, compact, frequently shouldered; berry large, round, color of Catawba; sweet, juicy, rich, not adherent; skin medium thick.

Shala. (Linc. Rup. Lab.) A seedling of America crossed with Beacon; from Munson, in 1899. Vigorous, prolific; stamens upright; clusters large; berry large, black, tender, juicy, delicious; skin thin, tough; ripens about with Concord.

Sharon. (Lab. Vin.?) A seedling of Adirondac; introduced by D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. Resembles its parent but is sweeter, hardier, more reliable; ripens at the same time.

Sharp Beak. (Rup. Rip. Lab.) From Munson; parents, Vitis rupestris crossed with Elvira. Stamens reflexed; cluster and berry small, black; early.

Shelley Seedling. A seedling from Daniel Shelley, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, exhibited in 1879. Fruit medium in size, of Catawba color and of very good flavor.

Sheppard Delaware. (Lab. Vin.) Noted by Downing in 1869 as a seedling of Catawba from J. N. Sheppard, in 1853. The vine and fruit are similar in all respects to Delaware.

Shepperd. (Lab.) A seedling from E. W. Bull, Concord, Massachusetts; exhibited in 1874 before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Bunch and berry medium, black, not adherent.

Sherman. (Rip.) Resembles Lyman in most characters and by some considered synonymous. Poor bearer; stamens imperfect; ripens earlier than Hartford.

Sheruah. (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of America fertilized by R. W. Munson; from Munson, in 1899. Described by originator as “vigorous and prolific; cluster very large; berry large, black and handsome; skin thin and tough; pulp tender, juicy, delicious; medium late season.” Resembles Concord in type of cluster and general appearance but is superior in the texture and flavor of the pulp.

Shull No. 2. (Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling of unknown parentage; from J. Shull, Ilion, New York, about 1892. Very vigorous, healthy, productive; stamens long; clusters medium to large, compact, cylindrical; berry medium, roundish-oblong; skin thin, tender, pale green covered with thin bloom; pulp tender, releases seeds readily, sweet; good but not equal to Winchell; early.

Shurtleff Seedling. Lilac. A chance seedling, probably from a foreign grape, found in the garden of Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, of Pemberton Hill, near Boston, in 1822. Bunches large, shouldered; berries nearly large, oval; skin thick, light purple or lilac, with a spotted appearance, grayish bloom; pulp firm, sweet, rich; very good; ripens early in September.

Siglar. Mentioned in the Gardener’s Monthly, 1869, as a new variety resembling Delaware but with fruit twice as large. Comparatively hardy, productive; rich and sweet.

Silkyfine. (Lab. Rip. Vin.) A cross of One Seed with Rommel; from Munson, in 1898. Stamens erect; bunch medium; berry large, white; late.

Silvain. (Doan.) A wild staminate variety of Vitis doaniana found in Greer County, Oklahoma, by Munson. It furnishes an excellent graft stock.

Silver Dawn. (Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Israella fertilized with Muscat Hamburg, of the same lot of seed as Early Dawn; from Dr. Wm. A. M. Culbert, Newburgh, New York, about 1877. Vigorous, hardy; white; best.

Sinawissa. Noted in the Wisconsin Horticultural Society Report, 1876, as a grape of delicious flavor but not to be recommended for general cultivation.

Sloe. (Rot.) A variety of Vitis rotundifolia which, according to Prince, 1830, “is probably the original vine whence the improved varieties of its race have emanated, but inferior to all the others. The fruit is sour and scarcely eatable, and of a dark purple or black color.”

Small Leaf. (Rup.) A wild variety of Vitis rupestris found by Munson in Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster very small; berry small, black; very early.

Smallwood. A native of North Carolina; from E. Smallwood. According to Prince, 1830, the fruit is about half the size of the Muscatel, and is much esteemed for making wine.

Snelter. Mentioned by Mitzky, 1893, as a seedling of Riparia crossed with Concord; from L. Snelter, Carver, Minnesota.

Snowflake. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, a seedling of Jewel, from Dr. J. K. Stayman. Vigorous, hardy and productive; bunch medium, compact; berry large, white; tender but firm, juicy, sprightly, vinous, sweet; of very good quality; ripens about with Concord.

Solander Large Purple. According to Prince, 1830, a variety highly esteemed in Missouri, from which place it was received by him.

Solrupo. (Long. Linc. Rup.) A cross between Vitis longii and a seedling of Lincecumii crossed with Rupestris; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch and berry small, black; early.

Somerville. A large-berried variety, growing in the vineyard of Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina, in 1845.

Sophia. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Concord fertilized with Iona; from D. J. Piper, Forreston, Ogle County, Illinois, about 1880. Equal to Concord in hardiness, very productive; clusters compact; berries having the rich vinous nature of the Iona and the sweetness of the Concord; ripens with Concord and is a good keeper.

Souland. (Rip.) Mentioned in the Illinois Horticultural Society Report, 1868, as a good winter grape, resembling Clinton; exhibited by John H. Tice before the Mississippi Valley Grape Growers’ Association in that year.

South Carolina. According to Warder, 1867, from Ohio. Vigorous; bunch large; berry small, black; juicy, spicy; very promising.

Southern Champion. Exhibited by Stephen H. Shallcross of Louisville, Kentucky, at the fruit show of the Southern Exposition in Louisville.

Spencer. (Vin. Lab.) Wells; Wells White. Noted in the United States Patent Office Report, 1861, as an accidental cross between Sweetwater and Isabella.

Spinosa. (Lab.) A wild variety of Vitis labrusca from North Carolina; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch very small; berries large, black; mid-season.

Spotted Globe. According to Fuller, 1867, a hybrid from Jacob Moore, Rochester, New York. Very feeble; flesh sweet, very tender; good.

Springfield. (Lab.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, a seedling of Northern Muscadine; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois. Strong, healthy and hardy; bunch medium to large, very compact; berries large, reddish-brown becoming dark brown when fully ripe; pulpy yet juicy and very sweet; ripens about a week before Concord.

Stace White. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) An unnamed seedling from S. Stace, Barnard Crossing, Monroe County, New York. A cross between Delaware and Isabella; the vine closely resembles Rebecca in foliage, habit and fruit.

Stelton. (Lab. Vin.) From W. Thompson, of New Brunswick, about 1882. Bunch large, shouldered, rather loose; berries medium, greenish-white with white bloom; pulp juicy, sweet; ripens with Concord.

Sterling. (Lab. Vin.) From E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas, about 1904. Moderate grower, healthy and hardy; bunch small to medium, irregular in shape; berry large, round; ripens with Concord; good keeper.

Stetson’s Seedlings. From Amos Stetson, of East Braintree, Massachusetts, about sixty years ago.

No. 1. See Cabot.

No. 2. (Lab. Vin.) A red native Labrusca crossed with Grizzly Frontignan. Berries nearly white, with a little tinge of blush.

No. 3. (Lab. Vin.) A native red Labrusca fertilized by Grizzly Frontignan. Resembles No. 2 but has larger berries.

No. 4. (Lab. Vin.) A red native Labrusca crossed with Black Hamburg. Ripens early in September, fourteen days sooner than Isabella.

No. 5. (Lab. Vin.) A cross between a native red Labrusca and Sweetwater. Resembles Sweetwater very closely; color dark blue.

Storm King. (Lab.) A sport of Concord; from E. P. Roe, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. Resembles its parent in all respects except that the berries are about twice as large and are less foxy.

Strawberry. According to Cole, 1849, from Col. L. Chase, Cornish, New Hampshire. Bunch and berry small; pleasant, sub-acid flavor.

Striped Ruby. Munson’s No. 13. One of Munson’s seedlings on trial at the Virginia Experiment Station in 1893.

Success. (Linc. Rup. Bourq.) Parentage, Post-oak, Rupestris and Bourquiniana; from Munson. Noted in the Rural New Yorker for 1901. Very vigorous and highly prolific; cluster size of Concord, compact; berries variable in size from small to above medium; skin thin, tough; very sweet and rich, of the best quality.

Sugar Grape. (Lab.) A wild variety of Vitis labrusca; grows in great abundance near Plymouth, Massachusetts. Growth moderate, short-jointed; healthy; bunches and berries of medium size, round and flat; very sweet.

Sugar Grape. (Rot.) A variety of the Scuppernong family, cultivated by L. Froelich, of Enfield, Halifax County, North Carolina. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report, 1871, as having a saccharine strength of 80°.

Summer White. (Lab.) Mentioned in the Magazine of Horticulture, 1854, as having been found wild; ripens the last of July and in August and September; decidedly superior to Isabella.

Sumner. Noted in the American Horticultural Annual for 1871 as a seedling raised by P. Stewart, of Mt. Lebanon, New York.

Sunrise. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Jos. Bachman, Altus, Arkansas, about 1897; seedling of Brilliant. Described by the originator as a strong grower; bunches rather open; berries red; skin tender; best; ten days to two weeks earlier than Delaware.

Superior. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Jewel; from John Burr of Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1890. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, moderately compact; berry medium, black with heavy bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, rich, sweet, vinous, sprightly; very good; ripens a few days later than Jewel.

Supreme. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A Delaware seedling; from John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1890. Variable in vigor and productiveness, hardy, healthy; stamens upright; cluster medium, usually compact; berry medium, black; tender, sweet, sprightly, vinous; quality better than Jewel and about a week earlier.

Swatara. From Pennsylvania; according to Horticulturist, 1858, this variety was discovered many years ago in a ravine through which the Swatara River flowed. Bunch and berry below medium size, compact; sweet; early.

Sweetey. (Linc. Bourq.) Munson’s No. 111. A seedling of Lincecumii fertilized with Herbemont; from Munson. Very vigorous, tender, a shy bearer; stamens upright; bunch medium, compact, shouldered; berry small, round, dark purple or black with heavy bloom; skin thin, tender; pulp large and tough; rather poor quality; a few days earlier than Concord.

Taft. Given by Prince in a list of worthless varieties in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863.

Talala. (Lab. Rip. Cand. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between Elvicand and Brilliant; from Munson. An attractive compact bunch with large red berries of rather tough pulp; not high quality.

Talequah. (Bourq. Rup. Linc.) A seedling of America crossed with Herbemont; from Munson, about 1895. Clusters large, conical; berries medium, dark red; skin thin, tough; without pulp, melting, juicy; nearly as good as Delaware; late.

Tamala. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Governor Ross; from Munson; first fruited in 1899. Moderately vigorous; stamens erect; bunch and berry medium, yellowish-white; good; ripens mid-season in Texas.

Tekoma. (Lab. Vin.) Noted in the American Horticultural Annual, 1870, as a Missouri seedling of Catawba, more healthy than that variety.

Tenderpulp. (Rot.) A Rotundifolia, originated about 1870. Vigorous, very productive; stamens reflexed; berries medium, black, in clusters of four to twelve; skin tough; pulp tender, juicy, sweet; poor; ripens about a month after Scuppernong.

Ten-Dollar-Prize. (Linc.) A wild Post-oak grape found by a Mr. Hopkins, of Texas, about 1883. Used by Munson as one of the parents in a number of his crosses.

Tennessee. Noted as on trial in the government experimental garden in 1860.

Tennessee Island. A wild grape growing in great abundance on the islands in the Tennessee River. Very similar to Scuppernong and Prince says “it is quite probable it may be the genuine Scuppernong.”

Texas. (Linc.) Diverse Leaved. A variety of grape received by Prince about 1830 from the border of Texas with leaves very variable in form; produces a great abundance of very good grapes.

Texas. (Linc.) According to Prince, 1830, “a large, slightly reddish fruit, very juicy, sweet, with little or no pulpy coherence.”

Texas. (Bourq.) Munson’s No. 181. A Herbemont seedling; from Munson of Texas. Variable in vigor; stamens upright; bunches small, compact; berries small, black; good; ripens with Herbemont.

Texas Highland. (Linc. Vin. Lab.) Munson’s No. 130. A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Agawam; from Munson, about 1885. Vigorous, not very productive; stamens erect; bunch medium, loose; berries medium to large, black; juicy, rich and pleasant; late.

Themis. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw, Michigan. According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, a strong grower, hardy, productive; bunch medium, short, compact, sometimes shouldered; berries large, Catawba-colored; meaty, firm; good; ripens with Worden. Considered by some same as Metis.

Theodosia. (Lab.? Rip.?) A chance seedling originating on the grounds of E. S. Salisbury, Adams, New York, in 1862. Hardy and productive; bunch medium, very compact, usually shouldered; berries medium, black; juicy, quite tart; very early.

Theophile. (Lab.) From Theophile Huber, Illinois City, Illinois. Bunch medium, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry large, yellowish-white; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; very good; ripens before Concord.

Thomas. (Rot.) A variety of Rotundifolia discovered in the woods near Marion, South Carolina, by Drury Thomas, about 1845. Vigorous, very productive; stamens erect; berries growing in clusters of from four to ten; very large; skin thin, varies in color from a reddish-purple to a deep black; pulp tender, sweet, vinous; good to very good; ripens about with Scuppernong or a little earlier. One of the best of this species for wine.

Thompson’s Seedlings. The following seedlings were originated about twenty years ago by Jos. T. Thompson of Oneida, New York:

No. 2. (Lab.) A seedling of Brighton, resembling it very closely, fully equal in quality and, so far as tested, earlier and a better keeper.

No. 3. A white grape of unknown parentage.

No. 4. A chance seedling; early, black and large.

No. 5. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Worden and fruit somewhat of the same type. Clusters medium, loose; berries nearly large, roundish, reddish-purple with thin bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp rather tough, juicy, sweet, not foxy; good; stamens reflexed; shows Vinifera; late.

No. 7. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Agawam. Vigorous, healthy; clusters nearly large, compact; berries medium to large, round; skin thick, tough, dull dark red with blue bloom; pulp sweet, rather tough, vinous; good; late.

Thompson’s Seedlings. A large number of seedlings were raised by David Thompson, of Green Island, in the Hudson River, near Troy, about forty years ago. Nearly all are of Vinifera parentage and consequently of little value for open vineyard culture. Among his named seedlings are: David Thompson, General Grant, L. H. Tupper, Nathan C. Ely, A. B. Crandall, Bonticue, Early August, William Tell, Lavina, Elenor, Jas. M. Ketchum.

Thompson Red Seedling. According to Grape Culturist, 1869, from a Mr. Thompson, originator of the Missouri Mammoth blackberry, said to be a Concord seedling but bears a strong resemblance to some of Rogers’ hybrids.

Thompson Wine. (Lab. Vin.?) Received by the Magazine of Horticulture in 1865 from Mr. R. O. Thompson, of Nebraska. Bunch and berry resembling Isabella in shape; black.

Tishomingo. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Governor Ireland; from Munson, about 1899. Stamens erect; bunch medium with large black berry; ripens mid-season.

Togni. (Aest.) A seedling of St. Augustine cultivated in Florida about thirty years ago.

Tonkawa. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, of Texas, about 1899. Vigorous, nearly hardy, productive; stamens upright; clusters medium, rather slender, shouldered, variable in compactness; berries not uniform in size, oval, dull dark red with lilac bloom; skin moderately thick and tough; pulp slightly tough, vinous, sweet; good; ripens with Concord.

Transparent. (Rip. Lab.) A Taylor seedling; from Jacob Rommel, of Missouri, about 1880. Vine vigorous, healthy, moderately productive; stamens upright; bunch small, compact, shouldered; berry very juicy, sweet; good; ripens a few days before Concord.

Trask. (Lab. Vin.) The Bushberg Catalogue says, “a chance seedling that first fruited in 1875. Introduced by Peter Henderson and Company. Healthy; leaves smooth; bunches large, long, often shouldered; berries medium to large, brown or bluish-black; tender, melting, very sweet, vinous; ripens before Concord.”

Triumphant. A failure at the Ontario Experimental Farm where it was tested in 1886.

Trollinger. Mentioned in United States Patent Office Report for 1859 as being on trial in the government experimental garden.

Trowbridge. (Lab. Vin.) According to American Horticultural Annual, 1870, a sport from the Isabella with much larger bunches and berries than those of its parent.

Troy. (Lab. Vin.) Purple Hamburgh of Troy; Troy Hamburg. Described by Prince in 1830 as hardy, vigorous, productive; berries large, oval, a little foxy, pleasant; very good; similar to Isabella.

Tryone. (Lab. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) From a cross by Munson between One Seed and Rommel, about 1897. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large, white; very late.

Tuckerman. From J. B. Tuckerman, Cassville, Oneida County, New York, about 1870. A white grape.

Tuskahoma. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A member of Munson’s Delago family, the male parent being Brilliant; first fruited in 1899. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large, translucent red; equal to Brighton in quality; early.

U. B. One of Marine’s seedlings; a black grape, of Labrusca type.

Uhland. (Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Taylor; from Wm. Weidmeyer, Hermann, Missouri. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, usually a shy bearer; stamens erect; bunch medium, nearly cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, slightly oblong, greenish-yellow with thin bloom; skin thin, tender, cracks; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; ripens a few days later than Concord; subject to rot in some sections; makes a very good wine.

Uller Mammoth. Reported by the Tennessee Experiment Station in 1894 as an exceedingly large grape of inferior quality; a vigorous vine.

Ulrey. Mentioned by Warder in 1867. From Indiana; medium bunch with large white berry; sweet, rich.

Una. (Lab.) A White Concord seedling; from E. W. Bull, about 1867. Healthy and vigorous; bunch and berries medium; resembles Martha but not so sweet and more foxy; ripens a week before Concord.

Underhill. (Lab.) Underhill’s Celestial; Underhill’s Seedling. A variety of the wild Fox grape; from Dr. A. K. Underhill, Charlton, Saratoga County, New York, about 1863. Of medium vigor, hardy, healthy and productive; stamens reflexed; bunches medium to large, cylindrical, frequently shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, usually roundish, dark dull red with lilac bloom, inclined to drop when ripe; skin thick, tough, very astringent; pulp tough, sweet, foxy, moderately juicy, fair; ripens about with Concord; of the Wyoming type but inferior to that variety.

Undine. (Lab. Rip.) From J. H. Ricketts; a seedling of Concord and Clinton; vigorous and healthy; bunch large, shouldered; berries large, yellowish-white when fully ripe; sprightly, very good.

Universal. (Linc. Lab. Rup.) A seedling of America crossed with Profusion; from Munson, about 1897. Stamens erect; bunch large with medium-sized black berry; equal to Concord in quality; very late.

Urbana. (Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from Indiana. Bunch medium, shouldered; berry large, white; juicy, vinous, not very sweet; ripens about with Isabella.

Ursula. (Lab.) According to Mitzky, 1893, “produced by T. Huber, Sr., Illinois. Bunch small, compact; berries small, white; flesh melting, juicy and sweet; fine quality; vigorous grower; ripens with Concord.”

Valencia. Grown by Munson from seed secured in South Spain, near Valencia. Described by the originator as vigorous, short-jointed; healthy, a light cropper; cluster small, shouldered, very compact; berry small, brownish-red; pulp melting, juicy, very sweet and fine. Munson gives the species as Bourquiniana.

Valentine. August Isabella. Mentioned by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.

Valhallah. (Lab. Cand. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) From Munson, about 1902; a hybrid of Elvicand and Brilliant. Described by the originator as a very vigorous, drouth-enduring, prolific vine; cluster medium; berry large, bright clear red; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, tender, nearly equaling Brilliant in quality; ripens about with Concord.

Valverde. (Champ. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Munson; a seedling of De Grasset fertilized with Brilliant. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large; ripens mid-season in Texas.

Van Deman. (Linc. Lab. Vin.) From Texas; a cross of Lincecumii and Triumph. Vigorous; stamens erect; bunch medium, compact; berry medium, black; poor to good; ripens about two weeks after Catawba.

Vanderburgh. Noted in Record of Horticulture for 1868 as a new and promising variety from Lansingburg, New York; not yet sent out.

Venango. (Lab.) Minor’s Seedling. According to Buchanan (Mss.), an old variety, said to have been cultivated by the French at Fort Venango, on Allegheny River, over a century ago. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and usually productive; stamens erect; bunch medium, compact; sometimes shouldered; berries medium, round or sometimes flattened by compactness; skin thick and tough, pale red with white bloom; flesh sweet, aromatic; pulpy and foxy; ripens about with Concord.

Vermont. Listed by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863, as a worthless sort.

Vermont Giant. (Lab.) From C. G. Pringle of Charlotte, Vermont. Noted in the Western New York Horticultural Society Report, 1882, as a black, very pulpy grape with poor flavor.

Vermorel. (Champ.) A wild variety of Vitis champini from Williamson County, Texas; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch small with medium-sized black berry; early.

Vesta. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw, Michigan. Vigorous, hardy, productive; stamens upright; bunches medium to large, long, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, round, greenish-white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, vinous, rich; very good; about a week later than Concord.

Viala. (Champ.) A wild variety of Vitis champini, from Coryell County, Texas; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch small; berry medium, black; early.

Vialla. (Rip.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, “a Franco-American variety, recommended as a grafting stock; resembles the Franklin and is by some supposed to be the same variety; others contend that it is distinct from and superior to Franklin.”

Victoria. Origin unknown. Moderately vigorous, open, healthy; bunch very small, short and thick; berry large, round, dark purple, scarcely black, with thin bloom; skin tender; pulp tender but stringy, juicy, mild acid, without decided character; poor; about a week later than Concord.

Victoria. (Lab.) Ray’s Victoria. Introduced in 1872 by M. M. Samuels, of Clinton, Kentucky. Vigorous, healthy, and productive; bunch medium; berry medium, round, amber color; skin thin; pulp tender, sweet and of high flavor; very good; resembles Venango.

Vine Arbor. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report, 1845, as being grown at Brinkleyville, Halifax County, North Carolina, at that time. So called on account of its very large leaf and extended growth, consequently adapted for arbors.

Vinita. (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Herbemont; from Munson, about 1885. Very vigorous, productive; stamens erect; bunch large, conical, shouldered, compact; berries small to medium, purple; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, melting; “best”; very late.

Vinrouge. (Lab. Aest. Vin. Bourq. Rup. Linc.) From a cross between America and Laura; by Munson about 1894. Vigorous, healthy; stamens erect; bunch large; berry medium; black; early.

Virginia. Noted by Buchanan, 1852, as a grape raised and exhibited by N. Longworth in 1846.

Vivie Hybrid. Vivie’s Hartford. According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, “produced by M. Vivie in France, and by some called Vivie’s Hartford. Of very vigorous growth, very productive and its grape of good quality making a very good wine.”

Waddel. (Lab.) Noted in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1893. Found in the woods of Highland County, Ohio, about 1863, by John F. Waddel. Productive and hardy; cluster medium, heavily shouldered, moderately compact; berry oval, medium to large, persistent; skin thick, tender, dark purple or black with heavy blue bloom; pulp translucent, tender, melting, very juicy, mildly sweet, rich, pleasant with slightly musky aroma; good to very good; season September 20-30th in Ohio.

Waldo Seedling. (Lab.) A chance seedling found on the farm of J. B. Waldo, Johnsville, Dutchess County, New York, about 1881. Of medium vigor, healthy, hardy, productive; clusters as large or larger than Concord, often nearly double, somewhat loose; berries large, black with abundant blue bloom; skin variable in thickness, tender; pulp moderately sweet, juicy, slightly foxy with Concord flavor; good; ripens a little before Moore Early. Resembles Concord closely.

Wales. (Lab.) A seedling having a medium-sized bunch, exhibited by E. W. Bull at the meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1874.

Waneta. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens erect; bunch medium with large red berry; equal to Brighton in flavor; late.

Warmita. (Linc. Rup. Lab.) From a cross between America and Beacon; by Munson, about 1896. Healthy and vigorous; stamens erect; bunch and berry large, black; ripens mid-season.

Warren. Supposed by some to be identical with Herbemont but claimed to be distinct by others. The original vine grew near Warrenton in Warren County, Georgia.

Washington. Noted by Warder in 1867. From New York. Early, black.

Washita. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Governor Ireland; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens erect; bunch medium with large, black berry, equal to Concord in flavor; early.

Washita. A white grape from Arkansas; on trial in the government experimental gardens in 1859.

Waterloo. Rock House Indian. A native grape from Illinois, grown by F. Muench. Vigorous and a good bearer; cluster and berry small.

Watertown. From D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. According to Mitzky, 1893, a good grower; bunch medium, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, slightly oblong, white; sweet; fine quality.

Watova. (Lab. Rip. Vin. Aest.) A cross between Gold Coin and Rommel; from Munson, in 1899. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large, yellow; late.

Waubeck. (Linc. Lab. Aest.) A seedling of Jaeger No. 43 fertilized with Laussel; from Munson, about 1893. Stamens erect; bunch large; berry medium, black, equal to Concord in flavor; very late.

Waverly. (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Clinton and one of the Muscats; from Jas. H. Ricketts, about 1870. Usually vigorous and productive, hardy, healthy; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berry medium, round to oval, black with blue bloom; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; good; ripens with Brighton.

W. B. Munson. (Linc. Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Post-oak No. 3, crossed with Triumph; from Munson, about 1887. Vigorous, very productive, subject to mildew in the South; stamens erect; bunch medium or sometimes large, cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, round, black, persistent; pulp juicy, melting, sprightly; very good; late.

Webb Grape. Mentioned by Prince in 1830. Discovered by Samuel Webb, of Philadelphia, near Woodbury, Pennsylvania. Berries large, black.

Weeks Seedling. Mentioned in the American Horticultural Annual, 1871. Raised by Dr. Cyrus Weeks, of Bellville, New Jersey. Medium bunch and berry; very sweet; pleasant flavor.

Wells. (Lab.) Wells’ Seedling. Originated in Ohio where it was discovered by a Mr. Wells about 1882. Vigorous, healthy, very productive; clusters large, cylindrical, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, bronze or wine-colored, oval; pulp tender, mild, very juicy with a peculiar musky flavor and foxy aroma; fair quality; ripens about two weeks after Concord.

Western Beauty. Grown from mixed seed by E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas, about 1904. Described by the originator as a black or purple grape of superior quality, better than Concord, a stronger grower than that variety and perfectly hardy; ripens about with Catawba.

Wetumka. (Lab. Aest. Rip. Bourq.) From a cross by Munson between One Seed and Gold Coin, about 1893. Of medium vigor, healthy, productive; stamens erect; clusters medium, ovate, moderately compact, sometimes shouldered; berries large, globular, yellowish-green; pulp juicy, tender; good; ripens after Concord.

Wewoka. (Linc. Rup. Lab.) Produced by Munson, about 1893, by crossing America with Beacon. Stamens reflexed; bunch very large; berry large, black; late.

Wheaton. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from John C. Wheaton, of Dansville, New York, in 1873. Rather weak grower, hardy, variable in productiveness; tendrils irregularly continuous; foliage not very healthy; stamens upright; flowers nearly fertile; clusters medium to small, much like Delaware, cylindrical, nearly compact, sometimes shouldered; berries small, roundish, light green with yellow tinge, with thin gray bloom; pulp tender, nearly sweet; good; ripens about with Delaware.

White Ann Arbor. (Lab.) Ann Arbor. A seedling of Concord; raised by Chas. H. Woodruff, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1870. Of medium vigor, very hardy, moderately productive; bunch and berry large, white with white bloom; pulp tough, sweet; good; ripens about two weeks before Concord.

White Beauty. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Dutchess; from Stayman of Kansas. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and very productive; bunch large, long, shouldered, compact; berries medium size, white; pulp tender, sprightly, rich, vinous, sweet; best; ripens with Concord and will hang until frost.

White Cape. (Lab. Vin.) According to Mitzky, 1893, similar to Alexander except that it is greenish-white in color.

White Catawba. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Catawba; raised by John E. Mottier, of Ohio, about 1849. Bunch medium, shouldered; berry large, round, greenish; pulpy, foxy.

White Clinton. White Delaware. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1864, as being a hardy and vigorous vine with a small white grape, insipid and worthless.

White Cloud. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Dutchess; from Stayman, of Kansas. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; clusters large, long, compact; berries large, white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, rich, sprightly, vinous, sweet; best; ripens with Concord.

White Delaware. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware, Ohio. Lacking in size and productiveness as compared with its parent; resembles Delaware in form of bunch and berry, compact and shouldered; greenish-white with thin white bloom; early.

White Delaware. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, from Hermann Jaeger, of Neosho, Missouri; bunch and berries closely resemble the Delaware in shape and size but it has some Labrusca characteristics.

White Delaware. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Produced by Jacob Rommel of Morrison, Missouri. Described by Mitzky, 1893, as healthy, moderate grower, very productive; bunch medium, compact, shouldered; berry medium, white with white bloom; skin tough; without pulp, very sweet, pure flavor, delicious; ripens with Concord.

White Delaware. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) From C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Described in Massachusetts Horticultural Society Report, 1880, as having a small bunch, exceedingly compact; berries very small, round, green with an amber tint in the sun, thin bloom; skin very thick; sweet with not much pulp but pretty hard.

White Delaware seedlings have also been produced by John Burr, J. Sacksteder, Dr. J. Stayman, D. B. Woodbury and others.

White Elizabeth. Hart’s White; White Isabella. Listed by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.

White English. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report for 1845 as being grown by Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.

Whitehall. (Lab.) Supposed to be a chance seedling from Geo. Goodale, of Whitehall, Washington County, New York; first fruited in 1870. Of medium vigor, not very productive, comparatively healthy; stamens reflexed; clusters large, moderately compact, shouldered; berry medium, dark purple or nearly black with thin bloom; pulp tender, melting and sweet; ripens about with Hartford.

White Jewel. (Rip. Lab.) Burr’s No. 19. A seedling of Elvira; supposed to be from John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas. Vigorous, hardy and very productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, long, compact; berry medium, round, white with abundant bloom; skin thin, rather tender; pulp very juicy, tender, sweet, sprightly, very good; ripens about with Moore Early.

White Mountain. From Connecticut; very early.

White Muscadine. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report, 1862, in a list of grapes that do well as far north as Burlington, Vermont.

White Musk. (Lab. Vin.) According to Fuller, 1867, a hybrid from Jacob Moore, of Rochester, New York. Vine resembles Sweetwater but does not require protection; of medium size with insipid flavor.

White Northern Muscat. (Vin. Lab.) Culinary Grape; White’s Northern Muscadine. A seedling of Brighton fertilized with Muscat; from W. T. White, Troy, Ohio, about 1889. Vigorous, tender, moderately productive; stamens upright; bunch medium size, compact; berries large, nearly round, brownish-green or amber color; skin thick, tough; pulp large, tender, juicy, sweet; high flavor; about ten days earlier than Concord.

White Norton. (Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Norton; from F. Langendoerfer, Hermann, Missouri. Noted in Missouri Horticultural Society Report, 1883, as a slow grower, moderately productive, very hardy; smaller than its parent, of a golden yellow color and a few days earlier.

White Norton. (Aest. Lab.) White Virginia Seedling. Another Norton seedling, probably crossed with some Labrusca; produced by J. Balziger, Highland, Illinois. Strong, hardy; healthy and vigorous; fruit similar to Elvira but better in quality; very late; shows some Labrusca blood.

White Rose. Received at this Station for testing in 1906 from Miss R. R. Short, Clifton Springs, New York.

White Sugar. W. R. Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863, mentions this variety as a worthless Labrusca.

White Tennessee. According to Grape Culturist, 1871, grown by W. Valiant, of Clarksville, Tennessee, and known by him for about fifty years. Hardy, productive and free from disease.

White Ulster. (Lab. Vin.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, an amateur variety, raised by A. J. Caywood from a seedling of Ulster crossed with White Concord.

Wilcox. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report, 1845, as being grown by Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.

Wilding. (Rip. Lab.) A seedling found by Jacob Rommel, Morrison, Missouri. Vigorous, hardy and healthy, moderately productive; stamens reflexed; bunch medium, loose, shouldered; berry medium, round, pale green, almost transparent; skin very thin, and tender; no pulp, juicy, very sweet; very good; ripens with Concord.

Wilkins Seedling. (Lab.) From O. Fitzalwyn Wilkins, Bridgeburgh, Ontario, about 1895. Described in the Canadian Horticulturist, 1898, as follows: Bunch of good size and form; berries white, round, of medium size; skin thin and tender; pulp tender and separates readily from the seeds; flavor agreeable, somewhat foxy, but much sweeter and pleasanter than Concord; early.

Willard. (Lab.) From E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas; received at this Station for testing in 1905. Described by originator as a vigorous, short-jointed grower, perfectly hardy, sometimes mildews; bunch a little smaller than Concord, compact; berry nearly large, round, red; sweet, without any foxiness; lacks vigor here; tendrils continuous or sometimes intermittent.

Williamson. (Cand.) A wild variety of Candicans from Williamson County, Texas; collected by T. V. Munson. Stamens reflexed; small bunch with very large, black berry; early.

Williamsport. Noted in the Magazine of Horticulture, 1860, as a new variety originated on the mountain near Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Perfectly hardy, and very prolific.

William Wine. (Lab. Aest.) Mentioned by S. J. Parker in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1864. Cluster small with long peduncle; berry large, round, having “the fox grape perfume mingled with that of a rose.”

Willie. (Lab.) Said to be a seedling of Northern Muscadine crossed with Concord; from L. C. Chisholm, Spring Hill, Tennessee. Vigorous, rampant grower, healthy and very productive; fruit larger than Concord, shouldered, very showy; black with white bloom; pulp vinous and sprightly, no foxiness; excellent wine grape; ripens with or a few days later than Concord.

Willis. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from Willis W. Jones, Camargo, Illinois, about 1865. Usually vigorous, as hardy as Concord, healthy, generally quite productive; bunch medium, compact, shouldered, in shape like the Delaware; berry medium, round, pale green or amber-yellow with a slight bloom; pulp tender, very juicy, slightly vinous, sweet, foxy; good; early.

Willis Fredonia. Guernsey Grape; Jersey Grape. Origin unknown; grown by John Willis, of Maryland. According to Prince, 1830, a vigorous rampant grower, healthy, very productive; fruit black and pleasant for the table.

Willis Large Black. Great Black Muscadine. An old variety mentioned by Prince in 1830, who says, “according to a traditional account of the Southern Indians, this vine and the White Scuppernong have been in bearing among them for more than five hundred years.” Very vigorous; berries very large; foxy.

Wilmington. (Lab. Vin.) Wilmington White. Originated with a Mr. Jeffries, near Wilmington, Delaware, about 1856. Very vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches large, loose, shouldered; berries large, roundish or inclining to oval, greenish-white; tender and not pulpy, sweet and pleasant when properly ripened but requires a long southern season; late.

Winchester. (Lab. Vin.) Brackett’s Seedling; Brackett’s Winchester. A seedling of Union Village; from E. A. Brackett, Winchester, Massachusetts, first fruited in 1858. Vigorous, hardy; bunch large; berry large, round, black, heavy bloom; juicy, sweet, vinous; resembles parent but ripens a week earlier.

Windsor. Noted by Prince in 1830. Found growing wild twelve miles north of Baltimore, at Windsor, on the plantation of George Fitzhugh. Very luxuriant and productive; clusters large and long; berries round, blue, juicy.

Winedrop. (Linc. Bourq.) A cross between Post-oak No. 1 and Herbemont by Munson, in 1884. Stamens reflexed; bunch large with small, dark red berry; late.

Wine House. Noted in United States Patent Office Report, 1854. Found growing spontaneously in the vineyard of Frederick Muench. Sweet and aromatic; not very juicy.

Wine King. (Aest. Linc. Rup. Lab.) A seedling of Winona crossed with America; from Munson, in 1898. Very vigorous, prolific, healthy; stamens erect; cluster large, compact; berry medium, black with blue bloom; very little pulp, tender, very juicy, vinous, rich and sprightly; good.

Winona. (Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Norton; from Munson, about 1895. Vigorous, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, loose, conical; berries small to medium, black; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, tender, good; about a week earlier than Norton.

Winslow. (Rip.?) A seedling raised by Charles Winslow, of Cleveland, Ohio, about 1857. Hardy and productive; bunch medium, long, compact; berries small, round, black; pulp vinous and juicy; resembles Clinton but is less acid; very early.

Winter Wine. (Simp. Linc. Bourq.) A cross between Vitis simpsoni and Marguerite by Munson in 1898. Stamens reflexed; bunch large with medium-sized black berry; “extra late.”

Witt. (Lab.) A white seedling of Concord; from Michael Witt, of Columbus, Ohio, about 1880. Not very vigorous, hardy, moderately healthy, very productive; clusters medium to large, conical, moderately compact, sometimes shouldered; berries variable in size, usually large, roundish, greenish-white or pale yellow with thin whitish bloom; pulp tender, juicy, vinous, sweet; good; ripens with Concord or a little before.

Woodbury. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Woodbury White. A seedling of Delaware from D. B. Woodbury, Paris, Maine, about 1891. Described in Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, as resembling Delaware in growth and foliage; bunch medium, compact; berry larger than Delaware, slightly oblong, greenish-white with fine bloom; skin thin, yet tough, almost transparent; juicy, sweet, good; ripens two weeks before Concord; a very good keeper.

Woodbury. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1863, as being on trial in the government experimental garden.

Woodcock Seedling. Exhibited by H. Woodcock at the Western New York Horticultural Society meeting in 1887. A large red grape, of very good quality; ripens with Delaware.

Woodford. On trial in the United States Department of Agriculture experimental vineyard in 1860. Vigorous; purple; pulpy, juicy, sweet.

Woodriver. According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, originated near Woodriver, Washington County, Rhode Island, by a Mr. Brown. White, very early, fine quality.

Woodson. From Prince Edward County, Virginia, previous to 1830. Bunch medium, very compact; berry medium red; no pulp, rich; good for table and wine; later than Cunningham.

Wyman. (Lab. Vin.) Wyman’s Seedling. Exhibited by Joseph Breck in 1854 at a session of the fruit committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Said to be a seedling of Catawba; berries large, sweet and free of pulp; ripens with or before Isabella.

Wynant. (Lab. Vin.) According to Mitzky, 1893, a chance seedling grown by D. W. Babcock, Dansville, New York; almost identical with Dutchess.

Wyoming. Noted in the United States Patent Office Report, 1860. Vigorous; black; juicy, somewhat pulpy.

Wylie’s Seedlings. Unnamed seedlings of Dr. A. P. Wylie, of Chester, South Carolina:

No. 4. A cross between two hybrids. Described by originator in Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, as bunch somewhat larger than Lenoir; berry medium, of a clear transparent golden color; finest texture and flavor, resembles White Frontignan; ripens as early as Concord.

Concord and Foreign No. 8. (Vin. Lab.) Seedling of Concord and Bowood Muscat. Strong grower; foliage Labrusca; cluster very large, loose; berry very large, black, of foreign texture; skin thick; ripens with Catawba.

Delaware and Concord No. 1. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Very hardy with Labrusca foliage; a great bearer; bunch and berry medium; skin thick, dark red; juicy, rich and sweet, slightly musky.

Halifax and Delaware No. 30. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) The same color as Delaware with bunch of same size and berries one half larger; texture and flavor also much like Delaware; generally more healthy than that variety; a great bearer.

Halifax and Delaware No. 38. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Hardy and healthy with Labrusca foliage, not so strong a grower as No. 30; dark red in color with purple bloom and superior to No. 30 in flavor.

Halifax and Delaware No. 49. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A black grape of high vinous flavor.

Halifax and Delaware No. 55. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Bunch medium, long, shouldered; berries large, dark blue or purple with a purple bloom; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet, sprightly, high flavored; best.

Halifax and Hamburg No. 11. (Vin. Lab.) Very productive and healthy; bunch medium; berry medium, black, with thick skin.

Hybrid Scuppernong No. 4. (Rot.) Exhibited at the American Pomological Society in 1877. Healthy, very productive; bunches medium, compact; berry round, greenish-white; pulp nearly melting, very juicy, sprightly, vinous, with a musky aroma; good.

Hybrid Scuppernong No. 5. (Rot. Vin.) Parentage, Bland Madeira and Foreign No. 1, crossed with a staminate hybrid Scuppernong produced by impregnating Black Hamburg with Scuppernong. Healthy and hardy; bunch medium; berries large, white, transparent with thin tough skin; almost pulpless, rich, sweet, with a peculiar flavor; as early as Concord.

Xenia. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delaware, Goethe and Triumph; from Munson. Vigorous; cluster medium, compact; berry very large, white; skin thin and tough; pulp meaty, tender, sprightly, high flavor; best; very late, with Fern Munson or just before.

Xlnta. (Linc. Rup. Vin. Lab.). One of Munson’s seedlings; America fertilized with R. W. Munson. Vigorous, hardy in Southern States; stamens reflexed; cluster large, cylindrical, shouldered, fairly compact; berries medium to large, globular, black, with little bloom; skin thin; pulp meaty, tender, sprightly; season with or later than Concord.

Yoakum. (Bourq.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, “resembling the Herbemont, its juice is of deeper color, its foliage is more deeply lobed, but otherwise much inferior; ripening unevenly and being less productive.”

Yomago. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between Delago and Brilliant, by Munson, about 1894. As grown at this Station, a weak grower, not hardy, variable in productiveness; flowers fertile, bloom late; stamens upright; clusters large, usually single-shouldered, compact; berries large, roundish, black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom; skin thin and tender; flesh pale green, tender, spicy, sweet with Post-oak flavor; fair to good; it is doubtful if it will ripen in this locality.

Yonkers. (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from J. W. Gray, Atwood, Illinois. Hardy, not a strong grower; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berries large, round, light green; sweet; good; ripens a little before Concord.

York Claret. (Lab.) According to Prince, 1830, a native cultivated near York, Pennsylvania, where it is much esteemed for wine. Bunches and berries smaller than those of Alexander; without pulp, very juicy, sweet.

York Lisbon. (Lab. Vin.) Noted by Prince in 1830. Grown around York, Pennsylvania. Resembles Alexander but larger and a little elongated and the pulp is more acid; coarse, pulpy and foxy; some consider it identical with Alexander.

York Madeira. (Lab. Vin.?) Baldwin’s Early; Black German; Canby’s August; German Wine; Large German; Marion Port; Monteith; Shepherd’s Port Wine; Small German; Tryon; Wolfe. An old variety of Isabella type, originated at York, Pennsylvania. Vigorous, generally hardy, productive; cluster medium, compact, shouldered; berries medium, roundish, inclining to oval, black; pulp juicy, sweet, somewhat vinous, pleasant; ripens with Isabella or before. Some consider Marion (II) identical with this variety.

Young America. (Lab.) Raised by Samuel Miller, of Calmdale, Pennsylvania, about 1860. A seedling of Concord and resembling its parent in color and shape but three weeks later.

Zane. From a Mr. Zane, Wheeling, West Virginia; found by him growing wild on Wheeling Island. Berry medium, red.

Zelia. (Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Telegraph crossed with Black Hamburg; from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Medium in vigor, productive, quite hardy; leaves five-lobed, some indistinctly so, dull green; cluster large, compact; berry very large, black; skin thin, fine bloom; pulp tender, rich, sweet, aromatic; season earlier than Concord.

Zinnia. (Lab.) Origin unknown. Cluster large, loose, shouldered; berry medium, round, black with a rich bloom.

Zita. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from John Sacksteder, Leavenworth, Crawford County, Indiana. Vigorous, productive, healthy; cluster above medium; berry medium, round, yellow.

Zoe. Mentioned by Campbell in Garden and Forest, 1890, as a northern grape attaining its best quality in long seasons.