Chapter VI · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF AMERICAN GRAPES. (continued 2)

Iris. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of one of Rogers’ hybrids; from C. Engle, Paw Paw, Michigan, about 1888. Vigorous; cluster large, long, compact; berry large, round, dark amber, thin bluish bloom; skin thin; pulp tough, slightly astringent, sweet, vinous, foxy; good.

Irvin October. (Bourq.) Originated on the Irvin farm in Guilford County, North Carolina, about 1885. Vigorous but inclined to mildew; cluster large, long, tapering; berries medium in size, of dingy red color; sweet; good; very late.

Irving. (Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Catawba fertilized by Chasselas de Fontainbleau; from S. W. Underhill in 1868. Vigorous canes, short-jointed; clusters large, long, shouldered, not well filled; berry large, round, yellowish-green, thick bloom; skin thick, tough; flesh tender, melting; flavor vinous, sweet; very good; rots and mildews badly.

Ithaca. (Vin. Bourq. Lab.) Parker; Tucker’s Parker. A seedling of Delaware fertilized by Chasselas Musque; from a Mr. Tucker, of Ithaca, New York, about 1868. Of moderate vigor; cluster large; berry large, pale green with amber tinge; skin thick; pulp tender, juicy, sweet; high quality.

Jacent. (Rip. Lab.) Noted by T. V. Munson in Gardener’s Monthly for 1884, as undistinguishable from Bacchus, except that the saccharometer shows less sugar.

Jaeger’s Seedlings. About forty years ago Hermann Jaeger, of Neosho, Missouri, became interested in the horticultural possibilities of the wild grapes of his neighborhood. He corresponded with Frederick Muench, of Marthasville, who encouraged him in his efforts. Beside selecting various vines from the woods he made crosses of species. His object was to secure more vigorous, productive and disease-resistant sorts than any of our standard varieties. He was particularly impressed with the Lincecumii or so-called Summer grapes of his section. His selections of this species are notable for their extreme vigor but many of them are susceptible to fungi and as they are all self-sterile they are uncertain bearers when removed from the wild male vines. His most promising seedlings are as follows:

No. 9. Productive; subject to black-rot; cluster large; berry below medium; juicy, sweet; good.

No. 12. Cluster and berry medium; sweet.

No. 13. Hardy, prolific; as large as Ives and of no better quality.

No. 17. Cluster large; berries medium; sweet; good.

No. 42. Cluster very large; berry medium; very sweet and juicy; good.

No. 43. (Linc.) One of Jaeger’s selections from the woods. Rank grower; canes thick, numerous, glaucous; diaphragm thick; shoots glabrous, spiny; tendrils intermittent; leaves large, thick, glossy green, glaucous below, not lobed; cluster large; berry medium, oblate, black; ripens too late for this section. Does not ripen its wood well and is slightly tender and very susceptible to leaf-hopper here. Self-sterile.

No. 50. See Longworth.

No. 56. See Dufour.

No. 70. See Munson.

No. 72. (Linc. Rup.) A seedling of No. 43 crossed with a male vine of Vitis rupestris. Bunch medium, very compact; berry size of Concord, black with pale bloom; sweet, of pure flavor; ripens with Norton.

No. 100. (Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Elvira. Vine shows Labrusca characters, very hardy, productive; bunch and berry as large as Concord, yellowish with reddish tinge; quality and flavor similar to Catawba; cracks when ripe; season with Delaware.

James Seedling. (Lab. Vin.) From J. H. James, Urbana, Ohio. Resembles Catawba but is hardier and healthier.

Jane Wylie. (Rip. Vin. Lab.) Janie Wylie. A hybrid between Clinton and a foreign grape; from Dr. A. P. Wylie, Chester, South Carolina, about 1870. Vigorous, productive; bunch large, shouldered; berry large, globular to oval, dark red with thick bloom; pulp firm, meaty, juicy, sweet, rich, vinous; skin thick, tender; early.

Jelly. Exhibited before the American Pomological Society in 1856 and described by William G. Waring of Pennsylvania as “extremely productive, good; especially valuable for culinary use. Very good when dried.”

Jemina. (Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Elvira crossed with an unknown variety; from D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York, about 1891. Vigorous, hardy, healthy; bunch short, compact; berry medium, black, delicious; skin thin, liable to crack; much earlier than Elvira.

Jennie May. (Lab.) Mitzky, in 1893, states that this variety is a Concord seedling grown by John Laws, Geneva, New York. Apparently identical with Concord.

Jennings. (Lab.) A native grape from Lexington, Massachusetts, noted in Magazine of Horticulture for 1860. Hardy, productive, free from mildew; bunch medium; berries black; pulpy, foxy; ripens very early.

Jessie. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of a cross between Delaware and Diana; received by the Gardener’s Monthly in 1879, from F. W. Loudon, Janesville, Wisconsin. Described as looking like Diana but of better flavor.

Jeter. (Rot.) Described in South Carolina Station Bulletin No. 132. Vigorous, very productive; bunches contain three to eight large, brownish-black berries; skin thick, very tough; pulp tender, juicy; quality good; ripens about August 25th.

Joen. Noted by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863 as a worthless variety.

John Burr. (Lab.) Noted by Mitzky, in 1893, as “a Concord seedling grown by the late John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas.”

Johnson. A South Carolina seedling. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society catalogs for 1875 and 1881.

Jolly. A Pennsylvania grape noted by Waring in 1851.

Joly. (Champ.) A wild vine of Vitis champini secured by Munson from Lampasas County, Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster small; berry medium, black; ripens early.

Jonathan. Noted by S. J. Parker of Ithaca, New York, in the United States Patent Office Report for 1861 as a grape that “grew well and ripened its wood.”

Joplin’s Peaks of Otter. A native grape of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, from J. Joplin. Noted in Gardener’s Monthly for 1869 as having been in cultivation for thirty-five years. Very vigorous, very productive, healthy; fine wine grape.

Jordan Large Blue. Jordan’s Blue. Prince in 1830 states that this grape is an exotic but that a Mr. Smith of New Jersey believed it to be a native of New England. Bunches large; berries large, blue; flesh pulpy.

Joseph Henry. A seedling from D. J. Piper, Illinois; received first premium at the State Fair in Freeport, Illinois, in 1877, as the best new grape. Said to be very early and as of high quality as Delaware.

Judd. Noted in the American Horticultural Annual for 1871, as a seedling raised by P. Stewart of Mt. Lebanon, New York.

Judge. (Doan.) A wild male vine of Vitis doaniana secured by Munson from Greer County, Oklahoma.

Judge Miller. (Bourq. Lab.) A seedling of Herbemont crossed with Martha; from Munson. Described by the Georgia Experiment Station as moderately vigorous; stamens upright; bunch large, moderately compact; berries medium, greenish-yellow, of good quality; ripens a little earlier than Catawba.

July. C. E. Goodrich of Utica, New York, mentions this variety, in the United States Patent Office Report for 1853, as valuable because of ripening early.

July Twenty-fifth. (Rip. Lab.) According to Mitzky, 1893, this is an Elvira seedling; from Jacob Rommel, Morrison, Missouri.

Jumbo. (Lab.) Big Concord. Probably a Concord seedling; from Reuben Rose, Marlboro, New York. Vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches and berries vary in size from year to year; ripens a week earlier than Concord.

Juno. (Bourq. Lab.) A seedling of Delaware; from G. A. Ensenberger, Bloomington, Illinois, 1882. Vigorous and productive; cluster medium, sometimes shouldered; berry white, translucent with yellow tinge, round, medium; pulp tender; good.

Juno. (Vin. Lab.) Uno. A cross between Muscat Hamburg and Belvidere; from G. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio, about 1882. Rich and sweet.

Juno’s Sister. (Vin. Lab.) The same origin and parentage as the preceding. Berry black, blue bloom; flesh meaty; seeds part readily; no acidity.

Kalamazoo. (Lab. Vin.) From a Mr. Dixon of Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, about 1860, from seed of Catawba. Resembles Catawba closely but is larger in bunch and berry; not of as high quality and ripens ten days earlier.

Kalista. (Bourq. Lab.) A white-fruited seedling of Delaware produced by J. Sacksteder of Louisville, Kentucky. Resembles the parent except for the color of fruit and greater vigor of vine.

Kansas July. (Rip.?) A variety mentioned by Mead forty years ago as an early grape from Kansas with small bunches of very small sweet berries. Vine vigorous.

Kay Seedling. (Bourq.) A seedling of Herbemont from Kentucky.

Keller. Dr. Keller. Noted in Gardener’s Monthly in 1863.

Keller White. (Lab. Vin.) Noted by Mitzky in 1893 as a seedling of Catawba inferior to the parent.

Kellog. (Lab.) A wild Labrusca from New Canaan, Connecticut, and described by Prince in 1830 as having large, purple, foxy fruit of oblate form.

Kemp. (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Herbemont; from Munson in 1885. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, dark red; ripens very late.

Kendall. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Isabella; from Brooklyn, New York, about 1865. Resembles Isabella very closely but larger in bunch and berry.

Kenena. (Linc. Rup.) A cross between Munson of America and a Post-oak hybrid, about 1898. Very vigorous; canes smooth, much branched; leaves rather small, deeply four- to seven-lobed; cluster above medium; berries small, purple, round, persistent; skin thin, tough; flesh tender, juicy; good; seeds small; ripens just before Herbemont.

Kenrick’s Native. (Lab.) Noted by Prince in 1830 as a wild Labrusca found near Newton, Massachusetts. Fruit light green, oval.

Kentucky. (Aest. Lab.) A supposed seedling of Norton; found by James Childers of Auburn, Kentucky, in 1887. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; canes rather slender; tendrils continuous; leaves large; flowers self-sterile; clusters large, shouldered, tapering; berries small, oblate, purplish-black, persistent; moderately juicy, tough, mild, somewhat insipid, hardly fair in quality; seeds numerous, medium size to above; raphe a cord; ripens late.

Kentucky Wine. Mentioned by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.

Ketchum. Received by the United States Department of Agriculture about 1860 from an unknown source. Fruit described as black, sweet, pulpy, of medium size.

Keystone. (Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from John Kready, Mount Joy, Pennsylvania. Resembles Concord very closely but considered by some as of better quality and as a better keeper.

Kiamichi. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parents, Delago crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, in 1899. Stamens reflexed; cluster medium; berry large, purple; ripens mid-season.

Kilvington. (Lab. Vin.) Bought by a Mr. Cassady of Philadelphia for an Isabella, in 1847. Grant considers it a seedling of Catawba which it resembles in every respect except that the berries are smaller, rounder and of a duller red.

King Philip. (Vin. Lab. Rip.) A second generation Vinifera-Labrusca-Riparia hybrid; produced by N. B. White of Norwood, Massachusetts, about ten years ago. Vine vigorous, resembling Labrusca; cluster large; berry large, roundish or slightly oval, purple; flesh solid, tender; flavor vinous, sweet; very good.

Kingsessing. (Lab. Vin.?) Of unknown origin, mentioned in 1866 by Husmann. Vine tender, subject to mildew and rot; cluster large, loose, shouldered; berries medium, round, pale red with lilac bloom; fair quality.

King William. One of Marine’s seedlings, not disseminated.

Kinney’s Seedlings. According to Mitzky, I. Kinney of Zanesville, Ohio, has produced two seedlings as follows:

Kinney No. 1. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Vergennes. “Bunch medium to large, compact; berries large, round; skin tough; very fine flavor; good keeper; ripens early.”

Kinney No. 2. (Lab.) A seedling of Concord. “Bunch medium, compact; berries small, round, white, transparent, but few seeds, very sweet, without any disagreeable taste; leaf similar to Concord; healthy; good grower.”

Kiowa. (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Jaeger No. 43 crossed with Herbemont; from Munson, in 1898. Described by him as follows: “Growth very strong and healthy, much branched, leaves small to medium, 5 to 7 lobed; cluster medium to large, with long peduncle; berry small to medium, nearly black, round; skin thin, tough; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly, agreeable quality; ripens just before Herbemont.”

Kitchen. (Rip.) A seedling of Franklin, about 1865. Cluster medium; berry medium to small, round, black; skin thin, tough; flesh tender; very late.

Knob Mountain. A variety mentioned in 1869 by the United States Department of Agriculture as under trial.

Kosomo. (Lab. Linc. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Beacon; from Munson in 1899. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry large, purple; ripens mid-season.

Kramer Seedling. (Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from J. C. Kramer, of La Crescent, Minnesota. Vine resembles Concord but not thrifty; fruit resembles Concord but is sweet and with a spicy flavor.

Krause. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A second generation Herbemont-Niagara cross; from Munson, in 1908. Munson says, “Vine vigorous, usually healthy, very prolific; clusters large, handsome; berries medium size, pearly white, fine quality; promising for Southwest.”

Kruger. (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin.) Parents, America by R. W. Munson; from Munson, in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster very large; berry medium, black; ripens late.

Labe. An accidental seedling from Lebanon, Pennsylvania, about 1850. Vigorous, hardy; bunch small, short, loose; berry black; flesh tender, sweet.

Lacon. (Lab.) A seedling of Concord from D. H. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, about 1862. Medium in vigor, hardy; bunch small; berry medium, black; Concord flavor.

Laconia. (Lab. Vin.) From Jos. N. Sanborn, Laconia, New Hampshire. Received at this Station in 1903 for testing but has not fruited. Rather weak grower; self-sterile.

La Crissa. (Bourq. Lab.) Sacrissa; Saccharissa. A Delaware seedling; from J. Sacksteder, Louisville, Kentucky. Vigorous; berry small, white; good.

Ladies. (Lab.) Mentioned by Downing in 1845 as a fox grape with a strong scent, harsh flavor and of no value for dessert.

Lady Charlotte. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware crossed with Iona; from C. G. Pringle of Vermont, 1869. Vigorous; bunch large, shouldered, compact; berry medium, round, light green to golden; juicy, sweet; good.

Lady Dunlap. (Lab. Vin.) Dunlap? From J. H. Ricketts, about 1875. Bunch medium, compact; berry medium, amber; vinous; good.

Lady Helene. From Fred Roenbeck, Bergen, New Jersey. Vigorous; cluster large, shouldered, compact; berry large, white; good.

Lady Younglove. (Lab. Rip.) A cross between Missouri Riesling and Perkins; from John Sacksteder, Leavenworth, Indiana. Vigorous, hardy; cluster medium, generally shouldered; berry large, oval, light red.

Lake. Iden. Exhibited by Nicholas Longworth in 1852. Bunch and berry small, black; acid, harsh; early.

La Marie. (Lab.) A seedling of Willie; from L. C. Chisholm. Vigorous, hardy; bunch large, shouldered; berry large, very foxy, color “ashes of roses.”

La Reine. (Linc. Rup. Lab.) A seedling of America by Beacon; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry large, black; ripens mid-season.

Large Berry. (Long.) A wild vine of Vitis longii secured by Munson from Motley County, Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster small; berry medium, black; ripens early.

Large Leaf. (Long.) Like the preceding, this is one of Munson’s varieties, a wild form of Vitis longii from Motley County, Texas. Stamens depressed; cluster small; berry small, black; ripens early.

La Salle. (Rip. Linc. Rot.) A Scuppernong crossed with a Post-oak hybrid; from Munson. Vigorous and comparatively hardy; stamens depressed; cluster medium, ovate, short; berries large to very large, black with white specks; juicy; “better than Scuppernong.”

Laughlin. (Lab.? Bourq.? Vin.?) A chance seedling, probably of Concord crossed with Delaware; from W. R. Laughlin, College Springs, Iowa. Hardy; cluster large, compact, shouldered; berries medium, white; skin tender; sweet, vinous, high quality; early.

Laura. (Lab.) From H. B. Lum, Sandusky, Ohio, 1867. Hardy, productive; berry large, pale red; sweet, somewhat foxy.

Laura. (Bourq. Lab. Aest. Vin.) Lama; Watertown. A cross of Eumelan with Delaware; from D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York, about 1880. Medium in vigor; bunch small, shouldered; berry small, dark purple; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy; hardly good.

Laussel. (Linc. Lab. Aest.) A seedling of a Post-oak crossed by Gold Coin; from Munson. Vigorous, hardy; cluster medium, moderately compact; berry medium, round, dark purple or black; skin thin; pulp firm; good.

Lavega. (Lab. Vin.) A hybrid seedling; from W. H. Mills, Hamilton, Ontario. Hardy; bunch medium; berry large, reddish; vinous; very good.

Lawrence. (Lab.) Found growing wild by Dr. R. B. Black, Fay, Pennsylvania, about 1880. Very vigorous; cluster large, conical, compact; berry medium to large, round, dark purple to black; sub-acid; quality poor.

Lawson. (Lab.) From E. W. Bull, Massachusetts; first exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1874. Bunch large; berry large, white.

Leader. (Lab. Vin.?) A chance seedling of unknown parentage; from the Storrs and Harrison Company, Painesville, Ohio, about 1893. Variable in vigor and productiveness; flowers semi-fertile; tendrils continuous; clusters not uniform, medium to short, shouldered; berries medium, roundish, light green changing to yellowish; skin thin, tender; flesh tender, vinous; good to very good.

Leavenworth. (Lab. Vin.) Burr No. 47. A seedling of Concord; from Francis Godard of Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1888. Weak, hardy, medium in productiveness; tendrils continuous; flowers fertile or nearly so; cluster small, short, moderately compact; berries small, slightly oval, dull green; flesh tender and soft; fair in quality.

Lehman. (Lab. Vin.) From William Lehman, New Lebanon, Pennsylvania; parentage, Bland crossed with Isabella. Bunch and berry large, nearly white; late.

Lenori. Alvey’s Lenori. Noted in the United States Patent Office Report of 1861.

Leon. (Vin. Lab.?) From William H. Marine. Bunch medium; berry large, oval, pale red.

Letovey. (Linc. Lab.? Vin.) From Munson. Very vigorous; shy bearer; stamens reflexed; cluster large, compact; berry small, round, deep purple to black; pleasant flavor; quality medium.

Lewis. Noted in the Illinois Horticultural Society Report for 1881 as productive, healthy, early; berry black; fair quality.

Lexington. (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from T. B. Miner, New Jersey. Hardy, not productive; bunch large; berry medium to large, black; quality medium.

Lida. A chance seedling from Ludwig Hencke, Collinsville, Illinois. Bunch and berry medium, red; sweet, not foxy; mid-season.

Lightfoot’s Seedlings. W. H. Lightfoot, of Springfield, Illinois, has raised a large number of seedlings from standard varieties, such as Concord, Northern Muscadine, Goethe and others. Of his named seedlings there are Alice Lee, Amy, Benjamin, Capital, Lightfoot, Miriam, Sangamon and Springfield.

Lightfoot. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Niagara; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois. Vigorous, healthy; stamens upright; leaves three- to five-lobed; cluster medium, shouldered, loose; berry medium, round, light green to yellowish; flesh melting, juicy, sweet; good; keeps well; ripens after Concord.

Lightfoot Seedling No. 34. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Lady Washington; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois. Vigorous and healthy; bunch large, compact; berries large, round, black; juicy and sweet.

Limington White. (Lab.) Described by Cole in 1849. Hardy; bunch and berry large; good.

Linceola. (Linc. Rip. Lab.) A cross between a Lincecumii and Elvira credited to Munson but not cataloged by him. Vigorous, shy bearer.

Lincoln. Hart; McLean. A southern grape found growing in the Catawba River in North Carolina, by Dr. Wm. McLean, about 1800. Vigorous, hardy, early; berry small, round; skin thin, dark purple with light bloom; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, rich, vinous. Resembles Devereaux, and by some considered identical.

Lincoln. (Lab. Vin.) Lincoln County; Read’s Hybrid. A seedling of Concord crossed with Black Hamburg; from Wm. H. Read, Port Dalhousie, Ontario. Vigorous, hardy, productive; cluster below medium, compact, cylindrical, shouldered; berry below medium, round, black; skin thick, tough; pulp firm but breaking, sweet, sprightly, slightly foxy; good; ripens with Concord.

Lincoln Downer. (Lab.) Listed in the United States Patent Office Reports of 1859-61 as being under test. Vigorous.

Lincrup. (Linc. Rup.) From Texas. Vigorous; productive; stamens reflexed; bunch large, medium in compactness; berry small, black; medium in quality.

Lincy. (Linc.) From Texas. Vigorous; stamens upright; cluster large, compact; berry medium, black; quality medium.

Lindell. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Lindley crossed with Delaware; from T. V. Munson.

Linden. (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from T. B. Miner, Linden, New Jersey. Hardy; bunch and berry large, black, firm.

Linherbe. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Lindley crossed with Herbemont; from Munson. Vigorous; cluster medium, conical; berry small, red, translucent; flavor sweet; quality medium.

Lindmar. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Lindley crossed with Martha; from Munson. Vigorous, not always hardy, variable in productiveness; tendrils continuous; flowers partly fertile; stamens upright; cluster small, compact; berries small, oval, dull, pale green, thin gray bloom; flesh pale green, slightly vinous, foxy; good.

Linelvi. (Rip. Lab. Vin.) Munson No. 45. From Munson; parentage given as Lindley by Humboldt, or Lindley by Elvira. So lacking in vigor as to be unpromising.

Linley. (Lab. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Rommel crossed with Delaware; from Munson in 1897. Stamens erect; cluster medium; berry medium, yellow; ripens early.

Linn. (Lab.) From P. B. Crandall, Ithaca, New York, about 1890. Vigorous; tendrils continuous; cluster medium, compact, shouldered; berry medium, round, yellowish-green with reddish dots; pulp fibrous, foxy and acid; good.

Linn Queen. (Lab.) Vigorous; cluster medium, compact; berry large, black, poor; stamens upright.

Little Blue. (Lab. Vin. Aest.) From A. J. Caywood, Marlboro, New York, about 1888. Vigorous, medium in productiveness; tendrils intermittent to rarely continuous; diaphragm thick; flowers partly fertile; stamens upright; cluster medium, shouldered; berry medium, oblong, black; pulp juicy, sweet, good; ripens after Concord.

Little Giant. (Lab. Vin.) Noted as under test in the vineyards of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1863 to 1866. Resembles Isabella very closely.

Little Ozark. Hardy; bunch long, loose; berry medium, black; juicy; good.

Livingston. (Lab. Vin.) From John C. Wheaton, Dansville, Livingston County, New York; believed to be a seedling of Wilder or Aminia. Vigorous, not always hardy, productive; tendrils continuous; leaves large, dull green; flowers nearly self-fertile; stamens upright; cluster large, long, frequently loosely single-shouldered, very compact; berries medium, roundish, black with blue bloom, persistent; skin thin, tender; flesh tender, faintly spicy; good; characters of vine and fruit indicate Labrusca and Vinifera.

Lizzie. (Lab.) A seedling from E. W. Bull, exhibited by him before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1874. Bunch and berry large, white.

Lobata. (Linc. Lab.) A seedling of Munson crossed with Profusion; from Munson in 1897. Stamens depressed; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.

Logan. (Lab. Vin.) David Hall Grape; Purple Urbana; Urbana. A seedling of unknown parentage, brought to notice by Dr. Thompson; supposed to have come from Logan County, Ohio. Medium in vigor, usually hardy; cluster medium, compact, shouldered; berries large, oval, dark purple to black; sweet, juicy; good.

Logan. Alvey’s Logan. Mentioned by Dr. G. P. Morris, Wilmington, Delaware, in United States Patent Office Report, 1861, as a hardy grape.

Long. (Bourq.) Madison County. Found by Col. James Long on his plantation near Danielsville, Madison County, Georgia, about 1827. Vigorous; cluster medium to large, compact, shouldered; berries small, dark purple with thin bloom; pulp tender, sweet, vinous; good; ripens late. Considered by some synonymous with Cunningham.

Long John. (Linc. Lab. Vin.) Parents, Big Berry crossed with Triumph; from Munson. Vigorous, not hardy here; cluster large, long, cylindrical to tapering, compact; berry large, roundish, black; skin thin, tough; texture tough and coarse; flavor tart, slightly acid at center; good; ripens very late.

Longworth. (Bourq.) Longworth No. 20. Found in the garden of Nicholas Longworth, Cincinnati, Ohio, about 1867. Healthy, vigorous, productive; clusters large, shouldered; berry small, round, black, juicy, refreshing; of the Herbemont type but ripens earlier.

Longworth. (Linc. Bourq.) Jaeger No. 50. A seedling of Jaeger No. 43 crossed with Herbemont; from Hermann Jaeger, Neosho, Missouri, about 1880. Susceptible to mildew; bunches large; berries medium, blue-black; good; very late.

Longworth Monster. From Ohio. Vigorous, healthy, productive; bunch medium; berry large, round, blue.

Loomis’ Honey. (Lab.) Exhibited in 1863 by Peter Raabe of Philadelphia, in New York at the New York Fruit Growers’ meeting. Hardy; clusters large; berries large, black; sweet.

Looney Seedling. (Lab.) From C. S. Looney, Cowan, Tennessee, about 1902. Cluster small, shouldered, blunt at end, loose; berry large, round, thick blue bloom over black; skin thin, tender; sweet, slightly foxy; good; ripens early. Resembles Concord.

Lorain. From Lorain, Ohio, about 1865. Cluster medium; berry large, amber-yellow; sweet; good.

Loretto. (Lab.) Queen Loretto. From Tennessee. Berry medium, round, white; good; mid-season.

Loudon Seedling. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delaware and Diana; from F. W. Loudon, Janesville, Wisconsin. Resembles Diana in bunch, berry and flavor.

Louisa. (Lab. Vin.) Grown by Samuel Miller, Calmdale, Pennsylvania. Vigorous, hardy; cluster compact, occasionally shouldered; berry round, oval, black with blue bloom; flavor resembles Isabella; ripens early.

Louise. (Lab. Vin.) Given by Mitzky as a seedling from New Jersey. Vigorous; bunch large, compact; berries large, white; juicy, sweet; very good.

Louisville. Noted in a list of supposed hardy grapes in United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1863.

Lowell Globe. Noted in a list of worthless varieties in Gardener’s Monthly in 1863.

Lucky. (Linc.) An undescribed variety used by Munson as a parent in a number of crosses.

Lucy Winton. Noted in the Gardener’s Monthly for 1861 as being equal in quality to Isabella and four weeks earlier.

Luders. (Rip.) A wild male vine of Vitis riparia secured from near Madison, Wisconsin, by Munson.

Luffborough. (Lab. Vin.?) Found near Georgetown, District of Columbia, before 1828. Berries large, deep purple; juice sweet, foxy. Recommended by John Adlum for wine and cited in a list of worthless varieties in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863.

Lugawana. Noted in the Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association Report for 1887 in a list of varieties ripening late.

Lukfata. (Champ. Lab.) A seedling of Moore Early crossed with Vitis champini; from Munson. Vigorous, hardy; cluster medium, ovate, compact; berries globular, large, black, persistent; juicy, very sweet and agreeable; good; early; stamens reflexed.

Luckyne. (Linc. Bourq.) Parents, Lucky crossed with Sweety; from Munson in 1897. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, black; ripens late.

Lulie. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Telegraph crossed with Black Hamburg; from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Hardy, healthy and productive; cluster large; berry very large, black with a fine bloom; good. Awarded a medal at the World’s Fair, Chicago, 1893.

Luna. (Lab.) From William M. Marine. A large, hardy, white grape.

Lycoming. (Lab. Vin.) From a Mr. Evenden, Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, about 1860. Hardy; canes short-jointed; cluster large; berry large, oval, light red.

Lydia. (Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling from Charles Carpenter, Kelleys Island, Ohio. Cluster short, compact; berries large, oval, greenish-white; skin thick; pulp tender, sweet, slightly vinous; good; ripens with Delaware.

Lyman. (Rip.) A northern variety said to have been brought from Quebec more than fifty years ago. Hardy; productive, vigorous; cluster large, handsome, compact; berry medium, round, black with thick bloom; juicy; good.

Lyon. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Chidester No. 1; Pres. Lyon. A seedling of Concord crossed with Delaware; from C. P. Chidester, Battle Creek, Michigan, named in honor of T. T. Lyon of Michigan about 1890. Vigorous, productive; cluster medium to large, cylindrical, shouldered, medium compact; berries large, round, white, whitish bloom; pulp tender, sweet, rich, vinous; very good.

Mabel. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Originated by A. J. Caywood of Marlboro, New York, from seed of Walter. Moderately vigorous, not always hardy, inclined to mildew, productive; canes medium size with thin blue bloom; tendrils intermittent; leaves medium size, thin, slightly pubescent; flowers fertile; clusters large, usually shouldered; berries large, round, black; skin thin, rather tough, inclined to crack, purplish pigment; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; good; ripens before Concord but not a good keeper.

McDonald’s Ann Arbor. (Lab.) Noted in the American Pomological Society Report for 1881. Berry very large, black with blue bloom; quality of Concord; ripens with Worden.

Macedonia. (Lab.) Miller’s No. 3. An early white seedling of Concord; raised by Samuel Miller of Calmdale, Pennsylvania, over fifty years ago. Said to resemble Martha but not so vigorous.

McKinley. (Lab. Vin.) Originated by Frank L. Young, Lockport, New York, from seed of Niagara pollinated by Moore Early, planted in 1891. Not vigorous, usually hardy, moderately productive; tendrils continuous; leaves of medium size; clusters medium to large, usually single-shouldered, compact; berries large, oval, light green; skin tender; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; good; resembles Niagara but about ten days earlier.

McNeil. (Lab.? Rip.?) A variety resembling Clinton, cultivated in the Champlain region from fifty to seventy-five years ago.

Madeira. The name Madeira is common in the early grape literature of the country. Its use was begun at the time when many of the cultivated sorts were supposed to be of foreign origin. The significance of the word when found unqualified depends somewhat on the time and place. Thus, in the South, Madeira usually means Herbemont’s Madeira; in Ohio, Ives Madeira and in Pennsylvania, York Madeira.

Madeline. (Lab.) Given by Mitzky, in 1893, as a chance seedling grown by G. Henderson, Eddyville, New York. Bunch medium to large, compact, often shouldered; berry large, round, greenish-white with a white bloom; skin medium thin but tough, translucent; sweet, juicy, with a pleasant flavor; ripens early.

Magee. Given by Mitzky as the name of the variety described in this work as Glenfeld.

Magnificent. (Lab.? Vin.?) From A. F. Rice, Griswoldville, Georgia, about twenty-five years ago. Cluster large, broad, shouldered, loose; berries large; skin thin, tender; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; very good.

Maguire. (Lab.) This variety was known about fifty years ago as a very early black sweet grape of fair quality which originated at Lansingburg, New York. Similar to Hartford but more foxy.

Mahogany Colored. (Lab.) Mahogany. A wild Labrusca introduced over fifty years ago by G. W. Clark, of Malden, Massachusetts. Fruit of the Labrusca type; mahogany-red.

Main. (Lab.) Mentioned in the horticultural periodicals of fifty years ago as a variety very similar to Concord and thought by many to be the same; from a Mr. Main, of Concord, New Hampshire, about 1854. Said to be about ten days earlier than Concord.

Malinda. An early white variety mentioned in Gardener’s Monthly in 1869.

Malvin. One of Marine’s seedlings, described as black, of good quality and with cluster and berry of medium size.

Manhattan. An amber-green seedling of Isabella which originated on Long Island about 1850. Unproductive; cluster small, compact; berry medium; flesh tough, foxy; good; ripens late; shatters.

Manockanock. Listed by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly in 1863 as worthless.

Mansfield. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Concord fertilized by Iona; raised in 1869 by C. G. Pringle of Charlotte, Vermont. Very vigorous; leaves large, thick, very pubescent below; cluster large, shouldered, compact; berry large, slightly oval, black; flesh tender; very good; ripens before Concord.

Manson. A cross between R. W. Munson and Gold Coin; produced by Munson in 1899 and introduced in 1906. Munson says: “Vigorous and productive; clusters large; berry above medium, of yellow color; skin thin and tough; pulp tender; quality excellent; ripens late, with Triumph.”

Marguerite. (Lab. Vin.) A Labrusca-Vinifera variety; from Theophile Huber, Illinois City, Illinois. Vigorous, not productive; stamens upright; cluster small, loose; berries medium, light amber; tender, sweet, vinous; good; ripens a week after Concord.

Marguerite. (Linc. Bourq.) Originated by Munson; from Post-oak No. 2 fertilized by Herbemont. Very vigorous, very productive; shoots spiny, not downy; leaves medium to large, three- to five-lobed; stamens upright; clusters medium, cylindrical, shouldered, compact; berries large, round, dark purple; skin thin, tough; flesh tender; good; ripens ten days later than Catawba.

Marine’s Seedlings. A number of varieties were produced by Wm. M. Marine about 1870. They were all crosses of native sorts produced by putting the pollen in water and then applying the water to the stigma of the sort to be fertilized. Of the varieties thus produced are Nerluton, Greencastle, Leon, Lucas, Mianna, Malvin, Olympia, King William, Minnie, Harriet Beecher, U. B., Uncle Tom, Red Jacket, and many others.

Mariole. Joe’s Mariole. Mentioned by R. O. Thompson, of Nursery Hill, Nebraska, in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1866.

Marique. Warder, in 1867, says, “Ohio. Healthy, vigorous, very productive; bunch full medium, compact; berry oval, large, blue; spicy; very good.”

Marker. Listed by the Superintendent of the Experimental Garden of the United States Department of Agriculture in the report for 1863.

Marsala. (Lab.) A dark red grape introduced about thirty years ago by Dr. Stayman. Cluster large; berry large; foxy, somewhat solid, tough; good; very resistant to rot.

Marvin’s Seedlings. D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York, grew many crosses of American varieties, few if any having been made by him with Vinifera. His best known grapes are Cayuga, Centennial, Hopican, Rutland and Shelby. Besides these he produced others, many of which were never named nor disseminated. One of these which was received at this Station in 1892 was described in the Thirteenth Annual Report under the name Marvin’s Seedling. Clusters medium, compact; berry small, pale green or yellow; flesh firm, sweet, vinous; good; season last of September.

Marvina. (Lab. Vin. Bourq. Aest.) A seedling of Laura by Brilliant; from Munson in 1897. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, white; ripens early.

Mary. (Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling of Catawba found in 1849 in the garden of Datus Kelley, Kelleys Island, Ohio. Vigorous, hardy; leaf medium, light-colored, downy beneath; cluster large, loose; berry medium, round, greenish-white, gray bloom, translucent; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly; very good; ripens with Catawba; mildews badly.

Mary. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Catawba introduced by a Mr. Hasselkus, of Griffin, Georgia, about 1885. Resembles Lindley very closely but is said to be more vigorous with larger and rounder berries of a lighter red and shorter, more compact clusters; ripens with Concord.

Mary Ann. (Lab. Vin.) North Carolina Muscadine. Originated by J. B. Garber, Columbia, Pennsylvania, about 1850. Vigorous and productive; cluster medium, compact, shouldered; berry medium, oval, black, foxy, poor; resembles Isabella; ripens with Hartford.

Mary Favorite. From J. T. Coffin, of Westland, Hancock County, Indiana, in 1889; a chance seedling found growing near a trellis on which Delaware and one of Rogers’ hybrids were growing. Vigorous, usually hardy, variable in productiveness; canes long; tendrils continuous; leaves large, lower surface grayish-white, pubescent; flowers fertile, open early; clusters medium to small, usually shouldered, very compact; berries small, roundish, purplish-black, persistent; skin thin, tough; flesh tough, slightly vinous, sweet, tart at center; good to best.

Mary Mark. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from Dr. Stayman. Lacks vigor, hardy, apparently healthy, productive; berry medium, red; flesh tender, juicy, vinous, sweet; very good; ripens with its parent which it closely resembles.

Mary Wylie. (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A hybrid of Clinton and Red Frontignan; from Dr. A. P. Wylie, Chester, South Carolina. Cluster large, loose; berry above medium, yellowish-green; flesh tender, juicy, vinous, delicate; very good; ripens late.

Maryland Purple. Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as a seedling from the woods of Maryland. Berries medium, purple, sweet and juicy; ripens very late.

Mason. A chance seedling of 1881; from Mrs. E. Mason, Lamont, Ottawa County, Michigan. Vigorous; clusters medium, sometimes shouldered, compact; berries large, round, reddish-amber; flesh tender, sweet, vinous, sprightly, slightly foxy; good; ripens just before Worden.

Mason. (Lab.) Mason’s Seedling. A white Concord seedling raised by B. Mason, of Mascoutah, Illinois, about thirty years ago. Moderately vigorous, unproductive; cluster small, compact; berry large, round, light yellowish-green; skin thin; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, slightly foxy; ripens a few days before Concord; very persistent; self-fertile.

Mason Renting. (Lab.) Described in Bulletin 10, 1890, Alabama Experiment Station. Vigorous, productive; clusters small, compact; berries small, greenish-yellow; good; ripens with Catawba.

Massachusetts White. (Lab.) A red foxy Labrusca, apparently a wild grape sent out by B. M. Watson, of Plymouth, Massachusetts, about 1860. Utterly worthless and name a misnomer.

Matchless. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.?) Originated by John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1887, Vigorous, hardy; black with heavy bloom; skin thin, tough; flesh tender, sprightly, vinous; very good; ripens with Brighton and hangs well for some time.

Mathilde. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) Originated by G. A. Ensenberger, Bloomington, Illinois, from seed of Delaware. Vigorous, productive, not quite hardy; cluster large, very compact; berry small to large, round, dark red with lilac bloom; small ones seedless; flesh tender, juicy, vinous; good; very late.

Mauston. (Rip.) A wild vine of Vitis riparia secured by Munson from near Mauston, Wisconsin. Stamens reflexed; cluster small; berry small, black; ripens early.

May Red. Mentioned in the Report of the Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association for 1887 as ripening with Janesville.

Mead Seedling. (Lab. Vin.) Found in 1847 in the garden of John Mead, Lowell, Massachusetts. A supposed seedling of Catawba which it strongly resembles but darker and with round berries.

Meanko. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delago crossed with Brilliant, from Munson, in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster medium; berry large, red; ripens mid-season.

Medora. (Bourq. Vin.? Lab.?) A seedling of Lenoir, probably pollinated by Croton; raised by Dr. Thos. R. Cooke, Victoria, Texas. Moderately vigorous; leaf resembles Lenoir; clusters large; berries pale green, medium, round, very translucent; sprightly, vinous; good.

Melasko. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago by Governor Ireland; from Munson in 1899. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry large, black; ripens mid-season.

Memory. (Rot.) Vigorous, very productive, tender; cluster small, containing four to twelve large, round, brownish-black berries; skin thick; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; good to best; ripens early for a Rotundifolia.

Mendota. (Lab. Vin.) Originated about 1883 by John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas, from mixed seed. Not vigorous nor productive; leaves round, pale green; stamens upright; cluster small, very compact; berry above medium, round, black; skin tender; flesh tender, melting, sprightly, sweet; good; ripens just before Brighton.

Meno. (Lab. Vin.) Mentioned in Bulletin 10, 1890, Alabama Experiment Station. Clusters small and compact; berries medium size, amber; good; ripens with Catawba; rots and mildews.

Merceron. (Lab. Vin.) A somewhat recent seedling of Catawba and so similar as to be difficult to distinguish from it.

Merceron. (Lab. Vin.) From F. E. Merceron, Catawissa, Pennsylvania, about 1893; said to be a cross of Wilder and Concord. Cluster large, heavily shouldered; berries large, black; sweet, sprightly; very late.

Mericadel. (Linc. Rup. Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of America crossed with Delaware; from Munson, in 1898. Very vigorous, very productive; cluster large; berry medium, purple, very persistent; skin thin and tough; flesh tender, sweet; very good; ripens just after Concord.

Meta. According to Mitzky, a seedling of Jewel produced by Mr. L. Hencke, of Illinois. Bunch large, compact, shouldered; berry large, red; sweet and juicy; good; ripens before Concord.

Metis. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, of Paw Paw, Michigan. Cluster small, not compact, sometimes shouldered; berry large, dark red, gray bloom; skin thick; flesh rather tough, juicy, vinous; good.

Metternich. (Rip. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Metterny. A seedling of Clinton fertilized by Poughkeepsie; from A. J. Caywood, Marlboro, New York. Moderately vigorous; cluster medium, long, cylindrical, sometimes shouldered, compact; berry small, roundish or slightly oval; skin thin, tough, light green to medium dark red; flesh tender, not very sweet, fine flavor; good; ripens late.

Mianna or Mienna. One of Marine’s seedlings which some call a white grape and others black.

Michigan. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem from C. Engle, Paw Paw, Michigan. Vigorous, hardy and productive; cluster large, compact, usually shouldered; berry above medium, light green; good; ripens with Concord. There was another sort named Michigan or Michigan Seedling about fifty years ago which was said to resemble Catawba but about two weeks earlier.

Middlesex. (Lab.) One of E. W. Bull’s seedlings. Apparently never disseminated.

Miland. Described in Alabama Station Bulletin No. 29, 1891, as a vigorous, not very healthy vine with medium-sized amber berries.

Miles. (Rip. Lab.) Matlock. From West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, over sixty years ago. Vigorous, productive, very early but does not keep; better than Hartford.

Millardet. (Berland.) From Llano County, Texas. Moderately vigorous, productive; stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry small, black; good; ripens late.

Miller. (Cord. Vin.) Mentioned by John Craig in the Canadian Horticulturist as a new grape, “a very happy combination of the European V. vinifera and the American V. cordifolia. It also keeps excellently.”

Miller. (Bourq. Lab.) A seedling of Herbemont by Martha; from Munson. Stamens erect; cluster large; berry medium, white; ripens late.

Miller’s Seedlings. Samuel Miller, during his early life a resident of Calmdale, Pennsylvania, later of Bluffton, Missouri, was one of the well known grape-breeders of the last century. He started this work about the time of the introduction of Concord and continued it until his death in 1901. Miller was an advocate of close breeding rather than cross-breeding as a means of improving fruit. His best known grape productions are: Black Hawk, Eva, Macedonia, Martha and Young America. Martha is the best known of these and this has been superseded. At the time of Miller’s death he was engaged in improving the native persimmon.

Millington. (Lab.) Tested by the Michigan Experiment Station and reported in 1899 as being fairly vigorous, variable in productiveness; clusters large, roundish, moderately compact; berries large, round, black with blue bloom; flesh tender, very light green, sprightly, sweet, vinous, with a perceptible aroma; fair to good; ripens mid-season.

Millington White. (Rip.) Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as having been found growing north of the Missouri River, in Missouri, by Dr. Millington of that state. “Fruit of good size, very juicy, rather tart, the skin is thin and each berry generally contains three seeds.”

Mineola. (Lab. Vin.) A cross between a seedling of Telegraph and Chasselas Musque; from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Of medium vigor, healthy, hardy and productive; bunches medium, cylindrical, compact, seldom shouldered; berries large, roundish, white or pale yellow, transparent, no pulp; very rich, pure, Muscat flavor; ripens very early.

Miner’s Seedlings. About forty years ago, T. B. Miner, of Linden, Union County, New Jersey, raised 1500 seedlings of Concord in central New York. In 1879 after Miner’s death, twelve of these seedlings were named and sent out for testing. They are Adeline, Antoinette, Augusta, Belinda, Boadicea, Carlotta, Eugenia, Ida, Lexington, Linden, Rockingham and Victoria. None of these is of great value and they are chiefly of interest as indicating what may be expected from Concord seedlings.

Mingo. Mentioned by Samuel Miller in 1895 as being among the newer varieties; bunch and berry small, black; ripens before any other; makes a heavy dark wine.

Minnehaha. (Vin. Lab.) Said to be a cross between Muscat of Alexandria and Massasoit; from Marshall P. Wilder. Vigorous, productive, not hardy; bunch large, very long, variable in compactness, shouldered; berry medium, very sweet, vinous, “of the most delicious quality.” Said by some to be Croton.

Minnesota. (Rip.) A wild vine of Vitis riparia, secured by Munson from near Carver, Minnesota. Stamens reflexed; cluster small; berry very small, white; ripens very early.

Minnesota Mammoth. (Lab.) Introduced by L. W. Stratton, Excelsior, Minnesota, about 1879. Vigorous, hardy and productive; bunch and berry large, dark red; skin thick; characteristic spicy flavor, sweet; poor.

Minnie. From William M. Marine. Bunch small; berry medium, dark red; sweet; nearly equal to Delaware.

Miriam. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Lady Washington; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield, Illinois. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy; bunch large, compact, shouldered; berries large, black, juicy and sweet; of superior quality; ripens two weeks later than Concord.

Mish. (Rot.) Meisch. Origin in North Carolina. Vine vigorous, very productive; bunches contain from six to fifteen medium-sized, reddish-black oval berries with thin skin; tender and sweet; very good; self-sterile.

Mission. (Vin. Gird.?) El Paso. The exact origin of Mission is unknown but it is believed to have originated in the remote Missions of northern Mexico at a time when grape-growing was forbidden by Spain. The variety was introduced into California at a very early day and was raised by the Mission fathers, hence the name. Mission is believed by some to be a hybrid between Vinifera and Girdiana. Vigorous; canes short-jointed, dull dark brown to grayish; leaf above medium size, slightly oblong, five-lobed; stamens erect; clusters slightly shouldered, loose, distinctly compound; berries medium, round; skin thin, purplish-black with heavy bloom; flesh tender, vinous, sweet; very good; ripens with Concord in Texas; said to be imperfectly self-fertile.

Missouri. Missouri Seedling. Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as a native grape. Vine weak, not very productive; bunches medium size, loose; berries small, round, bluish-black with little bloom; tender with little pulp, sweet and pleasant.

Missouri Bird Eye. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report for 1859 as being free from rot in the vicinity of Hermann, Missouri.

Missouri Muscadine. Mentioned in the Illinois Horticultural Society Report for 1877 as being very hardy and very productive.

Modena. (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from Caywood, about 1867. Vigorous and hardy; bunch and berry medium, roundish, black; similar to Concord in flavor and ripens about with that variety.

Moffats. Mentioned in the Minnesota Horticultural Society Report, 1877, as being a large, hardy grape.

Moltke. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from F. E. L. Rautenberg, of Lincoln, Illinois. Very productive and vigorous, resembles Agawam; cluster medium, sometimes shouldered; berries very large, oblong, dark red; skin thick; sweet and aromatic; ripens ten days earlier than Agawam.

Monarch. (Lab.?) Tested by the Alabama Experiment Station and reported as “vigorous and a strong grower. Clusters large, compact; berries large, round, black with blue bloom; skin thick; pulp half tender, pleasant, quality good; season last of August; productive. A promising market grape.”

Monard. Vine weak; stamens reflexed; bunch small to medium; berry medium, light red; very good; a few days later than Concord.

Monlintawba. (Mon. Linc. Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Vitis monticola by Fern Munson; from Munson. Stamens depressed; cluster large; berry small, purple; ripens very late.

Montclair. (Lab. Vin.) From C. C. Corby, of Montclair, New Jersey. Moderately vigorous, not fully hardy, productive; stamens upright; clusters above medium, long and broad, tapering, shouldered; variable in compactness; berries large to medium, slightly oval, dark red with lilac bloom, unusually persistent; skin thin, tough; pulp greenish, somewhat tough and solid, slightly vinous, sweet; good to very good; late in ripening.

Montisella. (Mon. Linc. Lab. Aest.) A seedling of Vitis monticola crossed with Laussel; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; cluster medium; berry medium, purple; ripens very late.

Montour. (Lab.) Mentioned by the United States Department of Agriculture in their report for 1869 in a list of varieties of Labrusca.

Montreal. Noted in the Rural New Yorker for 1886 as being a new black grape, superior to Concord; from Wm. E. Green of Vermont.

Morin. Noted by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863, in a list of worthless varieties.

Morrell Seedling. Raised by a Mr. Morrell of Germantown, New York; noted in Gardener’s Monthly for 1871. A medium-sized blue grape with a sharp and pleasant flavor. Said to be a “better grape than Hartford Prolific or Concord, but not equal to them in earliness.”

Morse. Noted by Prince in 1863 in a list of worthless varieties.

Mottled. (Lab. Vin.) Carpenter’s Seedling. An offspring of Catawba grown by Chas. Carpenter, Kelleys Island, Ohio, about 1860. Vigorous, hardy and prolific; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berries medium, round, like Catawba in color and mottled with darker shades; skin thick; pulp tender, sweet, juicy, brisk and sprightly, rather pulpy and acid at center.

Mountain. One of a list of worthless varieties mentioned by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863.

Mount Lebanon. (Lab. Vin.) From George Curtis of the United Society of Shakers, Mount Lebanon, Columbia County, New York; supposed to be a cross of Spanish Amber and Isabella. Bunch medium; berry round, reddish; flesh pulpy, tough, sweet.

Mrs. McLure. (Rip. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) McLure. One of Dr. Wylie’s hybrids from a cross between Clinton and Peter Wylie; noted by the American Pomological Society in 1875. Vigorous, productive; foliage resembles Clinton; stamens upright; bunch medium, shouldered, not very compact; berries medium, round, white; good; ripens before Catawba.

Mrs. Munson. (Linc. Bourq.) From Munson; a cross between Neosho and Herbemont. Vigorous, hardy, very productive; clusters large, conical, shouldered, compact; berry small, purple with a thin, tough skin; pulp melting, juicy, sprightly; very good; ripens late.

Mrs. Stayman. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A Delaware seedling; from Dr. J. Stayman. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; free from rot and mildew; bunch large, compact; berry above medium, red with light bloom; skin thick, tough; pulp tender, juicy, sprightly, rich, sweet; very good; ripens about with Concord.

Muench. (Linc. Bourq.) Parentage, Neosho crossed with Herbemont; from Munson, in 1887. Very vigorous, hardy; cluster large, usually shouldered; berry below medium, round; skin thin, tough, dark purple; flesh tender, juicy.

Multiple. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) Munson’s No. 107. A seedling of Herbemont pollinated by Triumph; produced by Munson. Vigorous, self-fertile; cluster large; berries medium, purple; ripens very late.

Muncie. (Rip. Lab.) Said to be a seedling of Elvira; from Leavenworth, Kansas. Described by Stayman in Missouri Horticultural Society Report, 1892, as follows: “Bunch medium, compact, handsome; berry medium, white; skin thin, rather tough; pulp tender, juicy, sprightly, rich, sweet, very good; vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; free from rot and mildew; ripe about with Concord.”

Muncy Black. (Lab.) Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as having been found on the same farm as the Pale Red Muncy. Very productive, with harsh and unpleasant fruit.

Munier. Noted in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863, as coming from a German near Massillon, Ohio. Early, of excellent quality as a table grape, productive and as hardy as the Isabella or Concord.

Munson. (Linc. Rup.) Jaeger No. 70. A seedling of Jaeger No. 43 crossed with a male Rupestris. Very vigorous, productive; clusters medium, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, black; slight Post-oak flavor; ripens before Norton.

Murdock. A grape grown by Judge Murdock at Elkader, Clayton County, Iowa. Hardy and free from mildew; very sweet.

Muscadine Superior. A seedling exhibited by John Hopkins, of Wilmington, North Carolina, before the American Pomological Society in 1871.

Muscat. The name of a group of Vinifera grapes the best known variety of which is Muscat of Alexandria.

Muscat Catawba. Listed by Prince in 1863 as a worthless sort.

Mylitta. (Lin. Rup. Lab.) From Munson; a cross between America and Beacon. Cluster large; berry large, black; ripens late; self-fertile.

Nahab. (Lab.) Described in Alabama Station Bulletin No. 87 for 1900 as follows: “Vines lacking in vigor; clusters medium in size, compact; berries medium, round, white; skin thin; pulp tender, juicy, slightly acid; season middle of August; not productive.”

Nashua. Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as originating in Maine.

Nashua. A variety under this name was exhibited at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society meeting in 1869 by Allen Putnam. Described as “between the Hartford and Concord, but sweeter than either and does not drop.”

Naumkeag. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Isabella raised by a Mr. Bowker of Salem, Massachusetts, which fruited in 1848. Bunches resemble the parent; berries above medium, round, red with slight bloom; pulpy, with Isabella flavor; a little earlier than its parent.

Nazro. (Lab. Vin.) Prince, in 1830, states that this variety was originated from seed of the Troy grape planted in 1825 by Henry Nazro of this state; fruited in 1828. Berries medium in size, oval; sweet, of pleasant flavor, slightly foxy; ripens early.

Nebraska. Noted by Fuller in 1867 as “a beautiful ornamental vine, but the fruit of no value.”

Neff. (Lab.) Keuka. From a Mr. Neff, near Keuka, New York. Bunch and berry medium, dark red; foxy; good; early.

Nell. (Bourq. Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Herbemont crossed with Norton; from Munson. A very late, large-clustered, small-berried, white grape; self-fertile.

Nelson. A chance seedling from Roger Nelson, Ilion, New York, about 1896; undescribed.

Neosho. (Linc.) Found growing wild on the farm of E. Schoenborn, Neosho, Missouri, by H. Jaeger. Very vigorous, hardy, not productive; large, glossy, beautiful dark green foliage; stamens reflexed; bunches medium to large, long, shouldered; berries small, black with blue bloom; skin thin; pulp firm, sweet, spicy; produces a light wine with a peculiar aroma.

Neponset. Noted as a worthless sort by Prince in 1863.

Nerluton. One of Marine’s seedlings. Vigorous; leaf large, leathery; cluster large; berries medium, black.

Neva Munson. (Linc. Bourq.) Neva. One of Munson’s crosses between Neosho and Herbemont; originated about 1885. Very vigorous, hardy and productive; stamens upright; clusters large, cylindrical, shouldered, compact; berries small, purple with thin, tough skin; pulp tender, juicy, sprightly, sweet flavor; too late for the North.

Neverfail. Mitzky in 1893 says: “This variety was found in Roanoke County, Virginia. Feeble at first but grows rapidly when older; free from rot; bunch and berry medium, black, juicy and vinous; too late for the North.”

Newark. (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A hybrid between Clinton and a Vinifera; from Newark, New Jersey. Vigorous, hardy and very productive; bunches long, loose, shouldered; berries medium, dark, almost black; sweet, juicy and vinous, of pleasant taste.

New Buda. (Lab.) Tested by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1863 and thought to be Concord.

Newburgh. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Concord crossed with Trentham Black; from Ricketts. Mitzky in 1893 says: “Bunch and berry of the largest size, bunch heavily shouldered; berries large, black, with bluish-gray bloom; flesh tender, juicy with peculiar flavor; very vigorous, a fine amateur grape.”

Newburgh Muscat. (Lab. Vin.) Culberts No. 3; White Moline; White Muscat of Newburgh. From Dr. W. A. M. Culbert of Newburgh, New York, in 1877; a seedling of Hartford crossed with Iona; exhibited before the American Pomological Society in 1877. Vigorous and hardy, unproductive; flowers sterile; stamens reflexed; clusters medium, short, often single-shouldered, loose; berries medium, roundish, pale yellowish-green, gray bloom, shatter badly; skin thick, tender; flesh soft and tender, musky, sweet, mild; good.

New Haven. (Lab.) New Haven Red. A seedling of Concord; from J. Valle of New Haven, Missouri. Vigorous, thrifty, hardy, productive; stamens upright; bunches medium, variable in compactness, sometimes shouldered; berries large, black with blue bloom; skin thin and tender; pulp tender, juicy, good; ripens about a week before Concord.

Newman. (Linc. Vin. Lab.) A cross between Big Berry and Triumph; from Munson, introduced in 1894. Vigorous, hardy, productive; stamens erect; bunches large, loose; berry large, black, with thin tough skin; pulp tender, juicy, nearly sweet; good; late.

New Mary. (Lab. Vin.) Mitzky, 1893, says this is “Lindley under a new name.”

Newport. (Bourq.) A seedling of Herbemont; resembles its parent.

Newton. A large, showy grape bought from an agent by Stephen H. Shallcross, Louisville, Kentucky, and exhibited at the Mississippi Valley Horticultural Society meeting at St. Louis in 1881.

Newtonia. (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of America pollinated by R. W. Munson; from Munson, in 1897. Cluster large; berry medium, black; self-fertile; ripens early.

Nimalba. (Linc. Bourq.) From Texas. Tested by Georgia Experiment Station and described as follows: Very weak, light yielder; stamens upright; bunch small, compact; berry small, white; good; ripens with Catawba.

Nina. (Lab. Vin.) Mitzky, 1893, says this is “a seedling of Diana, raised by C. H. Woodruff, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Vine very hardy and productive; bunch medium to large; berries medium, dark red, very sweet and good quality; ripens early with Champion and Moore Early, in quality better than either.”

Ninekah. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, in 1899. Cluster medium; berry large, red; self-fertile; ripens mid-season.

Nizola. Noted by Cole in 1849. From Col. L. Chase, Cornish, New Hampshire; medium bunch and berry; vinous and excellent.

Nonantum. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling raised by Francis Dana near Boston, Massachusetts; exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1864. Vigorous; bunch small, shouldered; berries medium, oval, entirely free from pulp; good; in appearance very much like Isabella and probably a seedling of that variety.

Nonpareil. (Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, in 1896. Cluster medium; berry large, red; self-fertile; ripens early.

Nora. (Bicolor, Vin.?) Received for testing at this Station in 1902 from Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, Ohio. Lacks vigor; tendrils intermittent; buds apparently tender. Has not fruited.

North America. (Lab. Rip.?) Noted frequently since 1860; said to be a seedling of Franklin. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, unproductive; bunch small, shouldered; berries round, black; juicy, sweet, foxy; early.

North Carolina. (Lab. Vin.) North Carolina Seedling. From J. B. Garber, Columbia, Pennsylvania. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy, very productive; stamens erect; bunches medium to large, generally shouldered, compact; berries large, oblong, black with slight blue bloom; skin very thick; pulpy, sweet; good; ripens a few days after Hartford.

North Carolina White. Noted by Prince in 1830. From North Carolina and different from Scuppernong; white berries of good flavor.

Northern Light. (Lab.) A chance seedling from John D. Cameron, L’Original, Ontario, about 1880. Vigorous, hardy, productive; leaf thick, leathery; bunch long, cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berries large, round, greenish-white with thin whitish bloom; pulp juicy, melting, sweet, vinous; good; ripens a little later than Champion.

Northern Muscat. Mentioned in Rhode Island Station Bulletin No. 6, 1890, as being a new variety received from Ohio for testing; bunch medium or above; berry medium, amber color; good.

North Star. Noted in the Wisconsin Horticultural Society Report, 1886, as a seedling from Waupaca County, Wisconsin. A black grape with long clusters; poor quality.

Obed. Noted by Mitzky, 1893, as “a chance seedling grown by Obed Harrell, Chrisman, Illinois. Cluster medium to large, moderately compact; berry medium, round, whitish-green with delicate bloom; vigorous and productive.”

Oberon. (Vin. Lab.) From G. W. Campbell about 1880; a cross between Concord and Muscat Hamburg. Moderately vigorous, productive, not hardy; bunch large; berry large, black, resembles Muscat Hamburg; good.

Occidental. (Lab. Vin.) Produced by N. B. White from a cross between a wild Labrusca and Black Hamburg. Clusters compact with dark red berries.

Octavia. (Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, in 1896. Cluster large; berry large, red; self-sterile; ripens mid-season.

Offer. (Lab.) Warder in 1867, says of this variety: “Bunch large; berry large, dark red, sweet, musky; not approved.”

Ohio Claret. A native variety under test by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1863.

Oktaha. (Champ. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) A seedling of Vitis champini pollinated with Brilliant or Delaware; from Munson and introduced in 1898. Moderately vigorous, healthy, productive; cluster medium, cylindrical, shouldered, compact; berries medium, round, black with little bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp melting, juicy, sprightly, good; early.

Old Ford. (Lab.) Noted by Mitzky in 1893 as a wild grape from the mountains of North Carolina. Remarkably healthy and vigorous, productive; bunches medium; berries large, round, dark wine color; pulpy, juicy, sweet; very early.

Old Gold. (Rip. Lab. Vin.) Munson’s No. 29. Elvira crossed with Brighton; from Munson. Tested by Virginia Experiment Station and discarded; not introduced by the originator.

Old Hundred. (Cin. Aest.?) Mitzky, in 1893, says of this variety: “Introduced by J. A. Francis, Salem, Virginia. Bunch medium, not very compact; about the size of Clinton; black; very prolific; good table and wine grape; contains Cinerea blood in large quantity with probably Aestivalis.”

Olita. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delaware fertilized by Irving; from Munson in 1898. Moderately vigorous, not hardy, moderately productive, somewhat subject to attacks of mildew; flowers semi-fertile; stamens upright; clusters variable in size, long, nearly cylindrical, single-shouldered, variable in compactness; berries medium, round, yellowish-green, often with slight amber tinge, gray bloom; skin thin; somewhat tough; flesh tender and melting; mild, slightly vinous, nearly sweet; fair; ripens about with Concord; of the Delaware type but inferior to that variety in both fruit and vine characters.

Olitatoo. (Vin. Lab. Linc.) A seedling of Armlong crossed with Excelsior; from Munson in 1896. Cluster very large; berry medium, white; self-fertile; ripens very late.

Olmstead. (Lab.) A fox grape mentioned by Nicholas Longworth in Buchanan’s Culture of the Grape, 1852.

Olympia. From William M. Marine about 1870. Bunch and berry medium, round, black.

Omega. (Lab. Vin.?) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas. Moderately vigorous, hardy, healthy, not productive; clusters medium to small, short, usually shouldered, compact; berries medium, oblate to roundish, dull red with thin gray bloom, persistent, soft; flesh green, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly; good; ripens about with Concord; self-sterile.

Omega. Noted in the Record of Horticulture, 1868, as “a new variety from the West, resembling Catawba but said to be better.” Possibly the same as the preceding.

Onderdonk. (Bourq. Lab.? Vin.?) Said to be a pure seedling of Herbemont but also given as Herbemont crossed with Irving; from Munson, about 1890. Very vigorous, hardy, very productive; affected some with soft rot; stamens upright; clusters large, conical, compact; berries small, white, translucent, with scattering dots; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, sweet, sprightly; very good; makes excellent white wine.

Oneovem. (Rip. Bourq. Lab.) A seedling from Munson in 1897; from One Seed fertilized by Rommel. Cluster medium; berry large, white; stamens reflexed; ripens late.

One Seed. (Rip. Bourq. Lab.) A variety produced by Munson from Elvira crossed with Humboldt; used by him as a parent in some of his breeding work.

Onondaga. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of a cross between Diana and Delaware; from Lewis Hueber, Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York; exhibited at the American Institute Fair in 1865. Hardy, vigorous and prolific; bunches large, compact; berries medium, amber color with thick skin; pulp sweet, rich, fine flavored; ripens with Delaware.

Ontario. (Lab.) A very large black grape, probably identical with Union Village.

Onyx. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delago crossed with Golden Gem; from Munson in 1899. Cluster medium; berry medium, dark red; stamens erect; ripens early.

Opal. (Lab. Vin.) A white seedling of Lindley crossed with Martha; from Munson, introduced about 1892. Lacks vigor; hardy, not productive at this Station; self-fertile; bunch medium to large, shouldered, compact; berries medium, nearly round, yellowish-white with thin white bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tough, not readily releasing seed, juicy, sweet, sprightly, vinous with little or no foxy flavor; good; ripens with Niagara.

Oriole. (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Devereaux; from Munson. Vigorous and productive; stamens erect; bunch medium to large, cylindrical, shouldered, moderately compact; berries small, black, with thin, tough skin; pulp tender, sweet; best quality; very late.

Orphan Boy. (Vin. Lab. Bourq.) Noted by Mitzky, 1893, as from J. H. Dawson, Weatherford, Texas, and as a cross between Delaware and Wilder. Bunch medium, shouldered; berry large, black with fine bloom; quality much like Delaware; ripens a little after Delaware.

Orwigsburg. (Lab. Vin.) Black Palestine; Schuylkill. Found growing near Orwigsburg, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, by Dr. W. E. Hulings of Philadelphia. Generally supposed to be a hybrid between a Vinifera and some native species, probably Labrusca; said to be productive, hardy, subject to mildew; berries round, small, white; juicy, sweet; good.

Osage. (Lab. Vin.) A black seedling of Concord; from John Burr, of Kansas. Vigorous, usually hardy and healthy, medium to very productive; flowers sterile; stamens reflexed; tendrils continuous; clusters variable in size, usually short, shouldered, compact; berries large, distinctly flattened to sometimes roundish; dull black with blue bloom, shatter badly, not firm; flesh tough, foxy, sweet, good; of Concord type but less foxy; a week earlier than its parent.

Osceola. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Standard; from Dr. J. Stayman. Vigorous, very hardy, healthy and productive; stamens upright; bunch medium to large, compact; berry large, white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, sweet, rich, sprightly, vinous; very good; ripens with Jewel.

Osee. (Rip. Lab.) A white Riparia from John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas; said to be a seedling of Grein Golden. Variable in vigor, very productive, hardy; bunch medium, short and thick, compact; berry white, very large; tender, very juicy, sprightly, sweet with a peculiar flavor; good only for wine; ripens before Concord.

Oskaloosa. (Bourq. Lab.) A Delaware seedling; from Dr. J. Stayman. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; bunch medium, compact; berry large, black with bloom; skin thick, tough; pulp tender, rich, sweet, sprightly, juicy, vinous; very good; very late.

Osmond. (Rip.) Noted by Downing, 1869, as a seedling of Franklin from O. T. Hobbs, Randolph, Pennsylvania. Bunch small; berry small, round, black, blue bloom; flesh vinous, harsh.

Oswego. (Lab.) Noted in Bushberg Catalogue, 1894; origin unknown, from Dr. J. Stayman of Leavenworth, Kansas. Vigorous, hardy and productive; bunch and berry very large, handsome, resembling Concord in color; little pulp and with native aroma; ripens with Concord.

Otoe. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report, 1863, as one of the varieties under trial in the government experimental garden.

Ouachita. (Aest.) A wild grape found on the plantation of Dr. G. W. Lawrence near Midland on the Ouachita River, Hot Springs County, Arkansas. Hardy and productive with long, compact bunches; one time popular in France for wine-making.

Owego. From John Burr. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; bunches medium, compact; berry very large, red; tender, juicy, sprightly and vinous; best quality.

Owens White. (Lab.) Noted by Prince in 1830 as from Wm. Owens of Virginia. A large-fruited, white Labrusca.

Owosso. (Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling from C. H. Goodhue, Owosso, Michigan; supposed to be from Catawba. Very vigorous, hardy, productive; self-sterile; bunches medium to large, round, shouldered, compact; berries large, round, dark amber with slight lilac bloom; pulp tough, sweet, vinous; quality not high; ripens with Delaware.

Ozark Seedling. Among the worthless sorts listed by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863.

Pagan. Noted by Mitzky, in 1893, as on trial.

Palermo. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, fruited in 1899. Intermediate in vigor, hardy, not a heavy bearer; tendrils usually intermittent; foliage medium to large, light green, pubescent; flowers semi-fertile; stamens upright; clusters medium to below in size and length, often single-shouldered, compact; berries average size, roundish, yellowish-green with tinge of amber, covered with thin gray bloom, adherent, firm; skin thick, tough; flesh green with tinge of yellow, tender and nearly melting, vinous, sweet from skin to center, agreeable flavor; very good.

Palmer. (Lab.) From a Mrs. Millington, of New York, about 1890. Vigorous, hardy; cluster large; berry large, round, black; pulp soft, sweet; very good.

Palmetto. (Bourq.) From David Johnson, Union, South Carolina. Resembles Herbemont very closely in form, size of cluster and berry but is distinct. Berry dark red, heavy light blue bloom; flesh soft, juicy, sweet, aromatic, vinous.

Pamlico. (Rot.) Noted in the United States Department of Agriculture Report in 1871 as a Rotundifolia with must having a saccharine strength of 80°.

Paradox. (Lab. Vin.) Seedling No. 502. A seedling of Hartford crossed with Iona; from Ricketts. Vine variable in vigor, not always hardy, an uncertain bearer; tendrils continuous; foliage healthy, large to medium; flowers semi-fertile, bloom medium late; stamens upright; fruit ripens about with Concord or earlier, does not keep well; clusters large, of medium length, broad, compact; berries medium, roundish, purplish-black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom, drop considerably from pedicel, firm; skin thin to medium, often rather tender, astringent; flesh nearly tough, stringy, somewhat vinous; good in quality.

Paragon. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Telegraph crossed with Black Hamburg; from Chas. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York, years ago. Moderate vigor; leaves dark green, three- to five-lobed; cluster large, compact; berries large, black; quality very good; good keeper; rots some.

Paragon. (Lab.) Burr’s No. 15. From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas. Lacks vigor; tendrils intermittent; flowers nearly fertile; stamens upright; season between Worden and Concord; keeps well; clusters not uniform, short, compact; berries medium, roundish, black, glossy, covered with abundant blue bloom, persistent; skin varies in toughness, tender, not astringent; flesh moderately tender, stringy and foxy, nearly sweet at skin to acid at center; good, equal to Concord.

Parker Rocky Mountain Seedling. Noted in a list of native grapes under test in the experimental vineyards of the Department of Agriculture in 1860.

Pattison. (Lab.?) Given in a list of earliest ripening varieties in the report of the Canada Central Experimental Farms for 1905.

Pauline. (Bourq.) Burgundy of Georgia; Red Lenoir. A Southern grape valuable only for wine; grown rather extensively fifty years ago. Not vigorous; leaves more downy than Devereaux; cluster large, long, tapering, shouldered, compact; berries below medium, copper color or violet, lilac bloom; brisk, sweet, vinous.

Paultne. Described by Wm. Falconer, Glen Cove, New York, in Country Gentleman in 1884. Cluster medium, loose; berries greenish, unequal, not over medium; foliage healthy.

Pawnee. (Aest. Lab.) From Dr. J. Stayman, Leavenworth, Kansas. Medium in vigor, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, double-shouldered, compact; berry above medium; skin thin, tough, black; pulp tender, meaty, not juicy, sprightly, rich, vinous, sweet, peculiar flavor resembling Ozark; quality medium.

Paxton. (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from F. F. Merceron, Catawissa, Pennsylvania; fruited in 1863. Said to be as hardy and productive as the Concord, which it much resembles; large bunch and berry; quality given by originator as better than Concord.

Pearl. (Rip. Lab.) Rommel’s Taylor Seedling No. 10. From Jacob Rommel, of Morrison, Missouri. Very vigorous, hardy, variable in productiveness; tendrils continuous, bifid to trifid; leaves large, light green; lower surface pale green, pubescent; flowers semi-fertile, open early; stamens upright; fruit ripens with Concord or later; clusters intermediate in size, short, slender, usually with a small single shoulder, compact; berries small, roundish, very light green, often with amber or yellow tinge, covered with thin gray bloom, shatter badly; skin variable in thickness and toughness; flesh moderately juicy, tender and vinous, sweet from skin to center; fair in quality. The vine is peculiar in having very hairy petioles and nearly glabrous shoots.

Pedee. (Rot.) Discovered on Pedee River, South Carolina, over thirty years ago. Vigorous; stamens reflexed; cluster very small, loose, irregular; berry very large, black; medium in quality; ripens a month after Scuppernong.

Peerless. (Lab. Vin.) A hybrid between Hartford and Muscat Hamburg; from Geo. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio. Productive; cluster long, slightly shouldered, rather loose; berry green, large, adherent; skin thin, tough; seeds two to four; pulp quite large, firm, separating easily from seeds, juicy; excellent quality.

Peggy. (Lab.) In 1869, R. W. Gandy, Troy, Iowa, described Peggy as hardy and healthy; berry size of Isabella and equal to Delaware in flavor; ripens five days before Hartford. In 1876, John Balsiger, of Highland, Madison County, Illinois, said of it: “A very foxy, small and valueless grape.”

Pell’s Illinois. (Rip.?) Found wild in prairies of Illinois and sent to Prince by G. T. Pell, of Illinois, about 1830.

Peola. (Lab. Vin.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1890. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; free from rot and mildew; berry medium, black, with some bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, vinous; very good; ripens about with Concord.

Perfume. Named by a General Jones previous to 1830. The original vine grew on a small island in the Roanoke River a few miles above the Great Falls, in North Carolina. A. J. Davie, describing it in the American Farmer gives the color as purple; berry one-third larger than common grape of woods, slightly elongated; fine flavor.

Perry. (Linc. Bourq.) Parentage, Post-oak No. 2 fertilized with Herbemont; from Munson. Very vigorous, healthy, very productive; cluster large, slender, compact; berry small to medium, purple; skin thin, tough; pulp melting, juicy, good; season two weeks later than Concord.

Peter Wylie. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Peter Wylie No. 1. Parents, Halifax crossed with a Vinifera, fertilized with Delaware crossed with a Vinifera; from Dr. A. P. Wylie, of Chester, South Carolina. Vigor and hardiness medium, inclined to rot in some places, not productive; shoots smooth; leaves medium to small, shallow three-lobed, glabrous underneath; stamens upright; cluster medium to large, compact, often shouldered; berry medium, greenish to greenish-yellow; skin thin, tender; flesh tender, sweet, vinous, Muscat flavor; quality good; ripens soon after Concord.

Pierce. (Lab. Vin.) Isabella Regia; Royal Isabella. A bud-sport from Isabella, originating about 1882 with Mr. J. P. Pierce, of Santa Clara, California. Very vigorous, large leaves, prolific; cluster large; berries very large, black, light bloom, not firm; pulp tender, sweet, strongly aromatic; good; a valuable grape west of Rocky Mountains.

Pioneer. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Isabella and very similar to it.

Piqua. Mentioned by Buchanan as raised and exhibited by Longworth in 1846.

Pittsburg Seedling. (Lab. Vin.) Found growing wild in 1851, by J. S. Arthur, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Does not yield as well as Delaware, but earlier, more sprightly and vinous and with less pulp; ripens in August.

Pizarro. (Vin. Rip. Lab.) Parents, a Clinton seedling crossed with a Vinifera; from J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, New York. Medium in vigor, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, loose; berry medium, black, oblong; juicy, sweet, aromatic; good quality; ripens mid-season.

Planchette. (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) Herbemont fertilized by Triumph; from Munson. Self-fertile; cluster medium; berry white; season late.

Planet. (Lab. Vin.) From Ricketts; parents, Concord crossed by Black Muscat of Alexandria. Healthy and productive; cluster large, loose, shouldered; berries large, intermixed with smaller ones which have no seeds, oblong; pulp tender, juicy, sweet; good flavor with slight taste of Muscat.

Plymouth. (Lab.) Plymouth White. Noted in the United States Patent Office Report of 1860 as a native white grape, suitable for culture in the Northern and Middle States.

Pocohontas Red. (Lab.) A worthless variety noted in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.

Poeschel Mammoth. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Mammoth Catawba; from Michael Poeschel, Hermann, Missouri. Healthy; cluster medium, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry very large, round, red; pulpy, deficient in flavor; season a week later than Catawba.

Pollock. (Lab. Vin.) From a Mr. Pollock, of Tremont, New York, previous to 1862. A free grower; foliage thick and leathery; free from mildew; cluster compact, long, large; berry dark purple or black; flesh tender, vinous, not too sweet.

Pond’s Seedling. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling grown by Samuel Pond of Massachusetts, previous to 1830. Very vigorous, short-jointed; shy bearer; cluster long, large; berry round, purple; juicy; good quality.

Ponroy. (Doan.) A named wild variety found by Munson in Wilbarger County, Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster medium; berry medium, black; season early.

Pontotoc. (Vin. Bourq. Lab.) A cross of Delago fertilized with Brilliant; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; cluster and berry large, red; quality as good or better than Brighton; season early.

Porup. (Linc. Rup.) A seedling of Post-oak by Rupestris; from Munson. Mississippi Station Bulletin No. 56 says: A late ripening variety; shatters badly; yield and quality poor.

Post-oak No. 1. (Linc.) From Munson, found in 1881. Stamens reflexed; cluster large; berry medium to small; black; season late.

Post-oak No. 2. (Linc.) From Munson, found in 1883. Stamens reflexed; cluster and berry medium; black; season very late.

Post-oak No. 3. (Linc.) Found by Munson in 1883. Stamens reflexed; cluster and berry black; season very late.

Potter. (Lab.) Potter’s Early; Potter’s Seedling; Potter’s Sweet. Originated in Providence, Rhode Island about 1881. Vigorous; cluster compact, medium size, not shouldered; berry large; skin thick, black; pulp rather tough; season earlier than Concord.

Prairie State. (Lab.) From Jacob Christian, Mount Carroll, Illinois, before 1892. Hardy, productive; cluster large, compact; berries large, white, fine bloom; skin thin; no pulp, sweet, pleasant flavor; good; ripens ten days before Concord.

President. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Herbert; from Munson. Strong, healthy, prolific; flower perfect; cluster medium, compact; berry large, black, persistent, does not crack; quality better than Concord; ripens with Moore Early.

Presly. (Lab. Rip.) Lyon; President Lyon. A seedling of Elvira crossed with Champion; from Munson, the name changed by him from President Lyon to Presly. Vigorous, hardy, produces good crops; tendrils continuous; flowers nearly fertile; stamens upright; fruit ripens the last of August; clusters medium, slender, cylindrical, frequently single-shouldered, loose; berries small, roundish, purplish-red, heavy blue bloom, persistent; skin medium, tender, adheres strongly to pulp; flesh dull green, juicy, tender, foxy, mild, sweet from skin to center; good quality.

Primate. (Lab. Bourq.?) Originated by John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas, from mixed seed. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive; cluster long, compact, handsome; berry medium or above, red, firm; pulp tender, juicy, rich, vinous; quality very good; season a little after Concord.

Professor Brunk. Vigorous, healthy; cluster medium size, ragged; ripens unevenly; very late. Reported upon at Mississippi Experiment Station in 1899.

Professor Gulley. According to Mississippi Station Bulletin No. 56, 1899, vine and fruit resemble those of Concord and fruit ripens irregularly about the same time. Yield not so large, more subject to rot.

Professor Hilgard. (Linc. Bourq.) Parents, Post-oak crossed with Herbemont; from Munson. Cluster large, shouldered, compact; berry medium, purple; juicy, sweet and sprightly; medium to late.

Profitable. (Lab. Rip.) A seedling of Elvira fertilized by Perkins; from Munson. Vigorous and productive, hardy; stamens upright, perfectly self-fertile; cluster medium to large, long, medium compact, shouldered; berry medium size, round, inclined to oblong, pale greenish-red; skin rather thin, tender; pulp tender, sweet, juicy; flavor pleasant and agreeable; season about with Concord.

Profusion. (Linc. Lab.) Ten-Dollar-Prize fertilized by Worden; from Munson, 1889. Very vigorous; stamens upright; cluster large, compact; berry small, black, adheres well; quality good; later than Concord in Texas.

Progress. (Lab. Vin.) Thought to be a hardy native Labrusca by Black Hamburg cross; from A. F. Rice, of South Weymouth, Massachusetts, previous to 1883. Good grower; cluster medium size, shouldered; berries large, dark red; skin thick, rather tender; quite pulpy, juicy, not high flavored; quality fair.

Progress. (Lab. Vin.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas, previous to 1885. Very vigorous, healthy, hardy; cluster large, compact, shouldered; berry large, medium, black, fine bloom; pulp tender, juicy, rich, vinous; quality best; season a little later than Concord.

Prolific. (Lab.) From Dr. Stayman about 1880. Vigorous, productive; clusters large, double-shouldered, compact, hang well on vine; berry large, black; season soon after Jewel.

Prolific Chicken Grape. (Rip.?) A wild grape from Goochland County, Virginia; mentioned by Prince in 1830. Very productive; flavor pleasant; ripens in August in Virginia.

Provost White. (Lab.) Noted by Strong in 1866 as a common wild variety of little value.

Prunella. (Vin. Lab.) A seedling from M. Vibert, of France, produced by crossing a Vinifera with Isabella, about 1842. Resembles Wilder very closely.

Pukwana. (Mont. Rup.) A seedling of Vitis monticola crossed with Rupestris; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; blooms mid-season; cluster small; berry small, black.

Pulaski. (Lab. Vin. Aest.?) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas. Vine vigorous, hardy, medium to productive; canes long; tendrils continuous to sometimes intermittent; foliage large to medium; flowers nearly fertile; stamens reflexed; keeps well; clusters small, inclined to short, often with a small single shoulder, compact; berries intermediate in size, roundish, dark purplish-black covered with blue bloom; skin thin, tender, adheres to pulp; flesh greenish, tender, sweet; good to very good in quality.

Pulliat. (Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Herbemont; from M. Pulliat, of France; received at this Station in 1896. Vigorous, not hardy, very productive; foliage shows Vinifera, mildews; tendrils intermittent; stamens upright; clusters large, compact, shouldered; berries small, round, black; pulp tender, moderately juicy, of good flavor; ripens about ten days later than Herbemont.

Pulpless. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw, Michigan. Vigorous, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, shouldered, medium in compactness; berry large, black, oval; vinous, rich; quality very good; ripens with Concord.

Purity. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A cross between Delaware and some native variety; from G. W. Campbell, about 1870. A white grape of the Delaware type but a stronger, healthier grower; foliage larger and thicker; bunches smaller than Delaware; berries larger; sweet, of very fine quality; ripens very early; difficult to propagate.

Purple Bloom. (Lab. Vin.) Culbert’s Seedling No. 6. A seedling of Hartford and General Marmora; from Dr. W. A. M. Culbert, Newburgh, New York, exhibited before the American Pomological Society in 1877. Vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches large, showy; berries above medium, purple, of good quality.

Purple Favorite. (Aest.) Discarded as a worthless variety by United States Department of Agriculture in 1864.

Purple Marion. Mottier. Noted by W. R. Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.

Putnam. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Ricketts’ Delaware Seedling No. 2. A cross between Delaware and Concord; from J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, New York, previous to 1871. Vine resembles Concord more than Delaware; tendrils intermittent; clusters medium, moderately compact, usually single-shouldered; berries medium, oval, black, persistent; pulp tender, sweet, good; ripens early.

Quassaic. (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A cross between Clinton and Muscat Hamburg; from Ricketts of Newburgh, about 1870. Usually vigorous, productive; stamens upright; bunch large, shouldered, sometimes double-shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, roundish-oval, black with heavy blue bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous, rich, aromatic; good; ripens soon after Concord.

Queen of Sheba. Sent out from Connecticut about 1869 as a promising variety but proved to be Diana.

Quinnebang. Pronounced worthless by Prince in 1863.

Quintina. (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed with Jaeger; from Munson in 1897. Cluster large; berry medium, black; stamens erect; ripens late.

Raabe. (Lab. Vin.) Honey; Raabe’s Honey; Raabe’s No. 3. Raised by Peter Raabe of Philadelphia about 1850; supposed to be a Catawba seedling but some say it is a cross between Elsinburgh and Bland. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, prolific; foliage much like Catawba; bunches small, compact, rarely shouldered; berries small, round, dark purplish-red, heavy bloom; pulp sugary, very juicy, vinous with Catawba aroma; very good; early.

Raabe’s Seedlings. Peter Raabe, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, years ago originated several varieties of pure Vinifera seedlings. The best known of these were Brinckle and Emily. They were unfit for outdoor culture and are now long obsolete. Raabe originated native varieties as well as the above mentioned Vinifera sorts.

Rachel. Exhibited at the grape show in New York in 1867 from the vineyard of Rev. J. Knox, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Healthy and vigorous; bunch and berry medium, white; early.

Racine. (Linc.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, “of similar origin as Neosho and at first supposed to be the same grape but afterwards recognized as distinct.” Hardy, healthy, not very productive; small pulpy berries of poor quality.

Ragan. (Linc. Lab. Vin.) Reagan. A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Triumph; from Munson about 1892. Vigorous and fairly productive; stamens upright; clusters large, conical, sometimes shouldered, compact; berries medium, roundish, a little flattened; skin moderately thick, tough, shiny black with blue bloom; pulp rather tender, juicy, some trace of Post-oak flavor; fair to good.

Raisin. Noted in the Illinois Horticultural Society Report for 1897. Very productive; a medium-sized bunch with small, black berries of fair quality.

Raisin de Cote. According to Prince 1830, this is a native of Louisiana of which there are two varieties, the more common one being dark blue, round with thick skin, somewhat pulpy, extremely sweet and not musky.

Ramsey. (Champ.) One of Munson’s, a variety of Vitis champini found in San Saba County, Texas. Cluster small; berry medium, black; ripens early; self-sterile.

Randall. Received at this Station in 1893 from Peter Henderson and Company, New York, as a cutting of a seed sport originating in the garden of a Mr. Randall, Bayonne, New Jersey. It proved to be very similar if not identical with Agawam.

Raritan. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Ricketts’ Delaware Seedling No. 1. A seedling of Delaware crossed with Concord, from J. H. Ricketts. Moderately vigorous, doubtfully hardy; foliage much like Delaware; quite productive; bunch medium, shouldered, resembles Delaware; berry medium, round, black; flesh juicy, sweet, vinous; ripens about with Delaware.

Rautenberg’s Seedlings. F. E. L. Rautenberg, of Lincoln, Illinois, has originated many varieties of grapes. His varieties were raised from seed of various standard varieties and are most of them second generation hybrids. His best known sorts are: Amalia, Black Rose, Bismarck, Chicago, Clarissa, Cleopatra, Hatton and Moltke.

Read Seedling. From M. A. Read, Port Dalhousie, Ontario; awarded the first premium at the Industrial Fair, Toronto, 1895, as the best seedling grape. Described by the originator as vigorous with heavy foliage similar to Concord, very productive; bunch large, well shouldered, very compact; berry of fair size, firm, black; good; early.

Red Bird. (Lab. Vin.) Munson’s No. 33. A cross between Lindley and Champion; from Munson, about 1888. Vigorous, hardy except in severe winters, variable in productiveness; tendrils continuous; flowers sterile; stamens reflexed; clusters medium, usually shouldered, variable in compactness; berries medium, roundish, dull dark red with heavy blue bloom; skin thick, tough; pulp tough, sweet, juicy, decidedly foxy; good.

Red Giant. (Lab.) From Pennsylvania, about 1898. Vigorous, healthy, prolific; sterile; bunch medium, compact; berry very large; skin thick and tough, dark red; pulp tender, sweet, foxy; similar to Columbian Imperial.

Red Jacket. From William M. Marine. A medium-sized bunch with large oval berries of the Isabella type.

Red Juice. Mentioned by Adlum in 1823. Said to make a claret wine.

Red Leaf. (Rup.) A wild Rupestris found in Missouri and used by Munson. Cluster very small; berry small, black; stamens reflexed; ripens early.

Red Riesling. Introduced by the Hermann Grape Nurseries, Hermann, Missouri. Described as being hardy and free from rot; bunches medium; berries dark red, large.

Red Rover. (Lab. Vin.) Found growing in the vineyard of C. W. Seelye at Vine Valley, on Canandaigua Lake, New York. Vigorous, healthy, fairly productive; clusters large, shouldered, moderately compact; berries medium, round, resemble Brighton in size and color; skin moderately thick and tough; pulp tender, sweet, vinous, juicy, agreeable flavor; good; ripens two weeks later than Brighton and is a better keeper but not so high in quality.

Red Sheperd. (Rip. Lab.) Disseminated by a Mr. Estell of Rush County, Indiana. Very vigorous, resembles Taylor; bunches small and compact; berries small, round, red; sweet, very foxy.

Red Sweet Water. (Vin. Lab.) A seedling exhibited at the Ohio State Fair, 1876, from Dr. Clark of Lebanon; said to be of southern origin and of the Catawba type.

Regina. Listed among the grapes on trial in the government experimental garden in 1863.

Reinecke. (Lab.) From F. E. L. Rautenberg of Lincoln, Illinois. A seedling of Woodruff and, according to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, not sufficiently distinct to be disseminated as a different variety.

Reinike. (Rip. Lab.) Noted in the Wisconsin Horticultural Society Report, 1871, as a vigorous, hardy grape resembling Clinton but with a less compact bunch.

Reliance. (Vin. Bourq. Lab.) Exhibited by J. G. Burrows, Fishkill, New York, before the American Pomological Society in 1881; a probable cross between Delaware and Iona. Vigorous, hardy and very productive; bunch resembles Delaware in size but not so compact; berry medium, light red; tender, juicy, sweet; ripens with Delaware.

Rentz. (Lab. Vin.) Rentz Seedling; Riatz. A Catawba seedling; from Sebastion Rentz, of Cincinnati. Vigorous, healthy, hardy, very productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, compact, usually shouldered; berries large, round, black, shatter badly; pulp firm, sweet, juicy, foxy; early.

Rhenish. Noted in the United States Patent Office Report, 1849-50, as being “an excellent variety”, grown in Illinois; supposed to be of European origin, though doubtful.

Richmond. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report, 1875, as being a very early southern grape.

Riehl’s Seedlings. Seedlings originated by E. H. Riehl, of Alton, Illinois. Those tested at this Station all show unmistakable traces of Concord blood and are presumably seedlings of that variety. The most promising of these is Eclipse, for a description of which see page 254. With the exception of Eclipse, none of his seedlings has been named or introduced.

Riesenblatt. (Aest.) Giant Leaf. A chance seedling found growing in the vineyard of M. Poeschel at Hermann, Missouri. Hardy, healthy, productive; with a very large leaf; bunch and berries small.

Roanoke Red. (Cord. Lab. Vin.) From Texas, previous to 1900. Very vigorous; stamens upright; bunch medium, moderately compact; berry medium, reddish-purple; fair to good; ripens with Pocklington.

Robert Wylie. Produced by Dr. A. P. Wylie, Chester, South Carolina. Described in Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, as a great bearer but not quite hardy; bunch large and long; berry large, blue; skin thin; rich and juicy; ripens as late as Catawba.

Robeson. From a Mr. Robeson, of South Texas. Resembles Devereaux; probably a seedling of that variety but inferior to it in every respect.

Robeson Seedling. According to the Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, identical with Louisiana. Probably the same as Robeson.

Robinson Unnamed Seedling. (Lab.) Given in Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, as an accidental seedling found by Mrs. E. Mason, Lamont, Michigan, in 1881. Moderate grower with Labrusca foliage; bunch medium, round, reddish-amber with thin whitish bloom; pulp tender, juicy, vinous, sprightly, a little foxy, “very good”; ripens with Delaware.

Robusta. (Long.) A variety of Vitis longii found in Motley County, Texas, and used by Munson. Cluster small; berry small; self-sterile; ripens early.

Rockingham. (Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from T. B. Miner, of New Jersey. Described by Mitzky, 1893, as “hardy, vigorous, productive; bunch and berry medium, black; quality like Concord.”

Rockland Favorite. (Lab.) A Concord seedling from Rockland, Massachusetts, introduced by Ellwanger & Barry as earlier, hardier and better than its parent. Bunch and berry large, black; sweet, juicy.

Roenbeck. (Vin.?) A chance seedling originated on the grounds of Jas. W. Trask, Bergen Point, New Jersey; first fruited in 1870. Fairly vigorous, hardy, very productive, with tendency to overbear; clusters medium, compact, shouldered; berries medium, roundish, slightly flattened; skin thin, tough, greenish with yellowish tinge, white bloom; pulp nearly transparent, melting, juicy, sweet, vinous; fair to good.

Rogers’ No. 5. (Lab. Vin.) One of Rogers’ unnamed hybrids; a seedling of Mammoth Globe crossed with Black Hamburg. Vigorous, not always hardy, moderately productive; tendrils continuous to intermittent; leaves large; stamens reflexed; self-sterile; cluster medium size, rather loose, frequently shouldered; berries large, roundish to oval; skin thin, tough, dark red to purplish-black; slightly foxy and vinous; good; ripens with Concord.

Rogers’ No. 13. (Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Mammoth Globe crossed with White Chasselas. Vigorous, not always hardy, uncertainly productive; tendrils continuous to intermittent; stamens upright; self-fertile or nearly so; clusters medium, rather loose; berries large, roundish to oblate; skin medium thick, rather tender, dark red to almost black; flesh tender, foxy, rather sweet, vinous; good; ripens with Concord; not a good keeper.

Rogers’ No. 24. (Lab. Vin.) Parents, Mammoth Globe crossed with Black Hamburg. Vigorous, productive, not always hardy; tendrils continuous to intermittent; stamens upright; flowers nearly self-fertile; clusters large, attractive, short, rather broad, variably compact; berries rather large, roundish to slightly oval, persistent; skin rather thin, rather tough, medium to light red; flesh somewhat tough, stringy, sweet, vinous; good; resembles Goethe and of about the same season.

Rogers’ No. 32. (Lab. Vin.) A cross of Mammoth Globe and Black Hamburg. Moderately vigorous, usually hardy; tendrils continuous, sometimes intermittent; stamens upright; flowers partly self-fertile; cluster medium size, usually shouldered; berries large to medium, roundish to slightly oblate; skin rather thick and tough, dark red; flesh slightly tough, sweet, vinous, musky; very good; ripens after Concord and sometimes unevenly.

Rombrill. (Lab. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) A cross of Rommel and Brilliant; from Munson in 1897. Cluster large; berry large, yellow; medium early; self-fertile.

Rosalie. (Lab.) One of E. W. Bull’s seedlings, exhibited by him before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1874. Bunch large; berry red; very foxy; shatters.

Roscoe. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware crossed with Martha; from Munson, about 1888. Vigorous, healthy, moderately productive; clusters resemble Delaware in size and shape; berries medium, nearly round, white or pale green with white bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tough, nearly sweet, sprightly; good; ripens with Delaware; self-sterile.

Rose. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delaware fertilized with Iona; from J. H. Ricketts, about 1873. “Bunch four inches long, compact; berries three-fourths of an inch in diameter, reddish purple; skin thick; pulp very tender, sprightly; very good; one of the earliest.”

Roslyn. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Diana crossed with Hartford; from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York, about 1880. Bunch large, shouldered, very compact; berry large, round, sometimes compressed, purplish with thin bloom; skin thick; pulp firm, sweet with a strong musky flavor.

Roswither. (Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of Jewel; from L. Hencke, Collinsville, Illinois. Described by Mitzky, in 1893, as very productive and hardy; bunch and berry medium to large; dark purplish, nearly black; quality fine; ripens about ten days before Concord.

Ruby. (Lab.) A seedling from Geo. Haskell, Ipswich, Massachusetts. Hardy, variable in vigor; somewhat subject to rot; bunch medium, loose; berry above medium, round, dark ruby red; very good quality; ripens about with Hartford; stamens reflexed.

Ruby. (Lab. Vin. Rip.) A seedling of Elvira crossed with Brighton; from Munson, about 1890. Vigorous, healthy, not very hardy; bunches imperfectly filled, small, shouldered; berry medium, round, dull red with stripes, resembling Elvira in flavor and texture; ripens about with Concord.

Ruckland. (Lab. Vin.) Grown in Louisiana and said to have been brought from England. Munson pronounced it a Labrusca-Vinifera hybrid. Very late; red.

Rulander. (Bourq.) Amoreux; Red Elben; St. Genevieve. A southern grape, by some claimed to be a foreign seedling brought to this country by the early French settlers; probably native. Vigorous, short-jointed, healthy, not productive nor hardy; stamens upright; bunch medium, shouldered, very compact; berry small, roundish-oval, purplish-black; without pulp, juicy, sweet and rich; makes an excellent pale red wine closely resembling sherry; ripens last of July in the South.

Rupel. (Rup. Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Rupestris pollinated by July Twenty-fifth; from Munson. Cluster small; berry small, black; ripens early; stamens upright.

Rupert. (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between America and Brilliant; from Munson. Vigorous, not very hardy, variable in productiveness; stamens upright; clusters medium, slender, usually shouldered, moderately compact; berries medium, nearly round, dark dull reddish-black with blue bloom; skin thin, tough; flesh pale green, tender, melting, somewhat musky, with Post-oak flavor; fair; ripens with Worden.

Rustler. (Lab. Vin.) From Munson, about 1888; a seedling of Lindley crossed with Martha. Vine vigorous, not always hardy, variable in productiveness; stamens reflexed; clusters medium, cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berries medium, roundish; skin medium thick, tough, dull light green with gray bloom, covered with scattering russet dots; pulp pale green, tough, stringy, foxy, sweet, somewhat musky; fair to good; ripens about with Concord.

Rusty Coat. Described by Mississippi Station Bulletin No. 56 as healthy, fair yielder; bunches long, loose and irregular; berries medium, black; good.

Rutland. (Lab. Vin. Aest.) From D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York, about thirty years ago; a seedling of Eumelan pollinated by Concord. Of medium vigor, not very hardy or productive; stamens upright; clusters medium, shouldered, usually compact; berries small, roundish, inclined to shatter; skin thin, somewhat tough, dark reddish-black with blue bloom; flesh tender and nearly melting, vinous, sweet; very good; ripens about with Worden.

Saginaw. Noted in Michigan Pomological Society Report, 1880, as a seedling from G. Wingworth, Saginaw City, Michigan. Vigorous, hardy, early.

St. Albans. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Ives crossed with Niagara; from Jacob P. Bossung, Jefferson County, Kentucky, about 1889. Fair grower, hardy, healthy; described as a “Black Niagara”.

St. Augustine. (Aest.?) Noted in American Pomological Society Report for 1877, as a native variety from Florida.

St. Catherine. (Lab.) From James W. Clark, Framingham, Massachusetts, about 1860. Vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches large, rather compact; berries large, round, red; pulpy, sweet, foxy.

St. Hilaire. (Rip.?) From Alexis Dery, St. Hilaire, Quebec, before 1892. Hardy, vigorous; cluster small, rather loose; berry small, black; pulp tough with a marked acidity.

St. John. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Brighton pollinated by Delaware; from Henry B. Spencer, Rocky River, Ohio, about 1890. Vigorous, healthy, productive; foliage like Delaware; short-jointed; fruit resembles Brighton; pulp sweet, meaty, tender, vinous; ripens about with Delaware.

Salabra. Described by Georgia Experiment Station in 1901 as weak in vigor, unproductive; stamens reflexed; bunches irregular, very loose; berries small, black, of fair quality; ripens with Delaware; perhaps same as Salado.

Salado. (Champ. Lab. Vin.) Seedling of De Grasset crossed with Brilliant; from Munson. Resistant to drought, vigorous, prolific; pistillate; adapted to limy and black soils of the South.

Sally. (Bourq. Vin. Rip.) A cross between Delaware and Sherman; from D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. Vigorous, healthy; bunch smaller than Delaware; berry same size, sweeter, white; very early.

Salt Creek. (Doan.) A variety of Vitis doaniana found by Munson in Greer County, Oklahoma; stamens reflexed; small bunch with medium-sized black berry; early; an excellent graft stock.

Saluda. Noted in United States Patent Office Report for 1860 as very vigorous; blue, large; juicy, somewhat pulpy.

Salzer Earliest. (Lab.) From John A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1892. Very hardy, prolific; resembles Concord in type but of better quality; early.

Samuels. (Vin.?) A cross between a Vinifera and a native Texas species; exhibited by Bruni & Brother, Laredo, Texas, at the Columbian Exposition in 1893. Bunch large, compact, much compounded; berries medium, white; skin adherent; flavor not high.

Sanalba. (Rot. Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross of San Jacinto and Brilliant; from Munson, about 1906. Said to be very vigorous, prolific; cluster larger than Scuppernong; berry large, white, rich in sugar, tender, of good quality; skin thin.

Sanbornton. (Lab. Vin.) Sanborton. Purchased for an Isabella by Dr. Carr, of Sanbornton, New Hampshire, in 1826. Said to resemble Isabella except that it has rounder berries and ripens earlier.

San Jacinto. (Rot. Linc.) A seedling of Scuppernong crossed with a Lincecumii hybrid; from Munson, about 1898. Medium in vigor, prolific, healthy; stamens reflexed; bunch small, irregular, very loose; berry large, black, of fair quality; ripens two to three weeks after Scuppernong.

Sanmelaska. (Rot. Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A hybrid of San Jacinto and Brilliant; from Munson, about 1906. Said to be very vigorous, prolific; bunch three times as large as Scuppernong; berry about same size, sweeter, black.

Sanmonta. (Bourq. Rip. Linc.) A seedling of San Jacinto crossed with Herbemont; from Munson, about 1906. Vigorous, very prolific; bunch above medium; berry black; very juicy, melting, sprightly; skin thin; seeds small.