Book 10 — VOCABULARY (continued 2)

Mamaea, ae, f., (Iūlia) Mamaea, mother of Alexander Severus.

Mancīnus, ī, m., C. Hostīlius Mancīnus, consul 137 B.C.

mandō, āre, āvī, ātus [manus + dō], to commission, command, send word. con—commendō, āre, āvī, ātus, to commend or commit for protection, intrust, recommend. re—remandō, āre, āvī, ātus, to send back word (very rare).

maneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsus, to stay, continue, abide by. per—permaneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, to continue, remain. re—remaneō, ēre, mānsī, to remain behind.

Mānīlius, ī, m., M. Manilius, consul 149 B.C.

Mānlius, ī, m., 1. A. Mānlius, consul 241 B.C. 2. M. Mānlius, consul 105 B.C. See Cēnsōrīnus, Torquātus, Vulsō.

mānsuētūdō, inis [mānsuētus, tame], f., mildness, gentleness.

manūmittō, ere, mīsī, missus [manus + mittō], to set free, emancipate; enfranchise.

manus, ūs, f., hand, arm; band, troop; force; combat; manūs cōnserere, to join battle; dare manūs, to yield.

Mārcellus, ī, m., the name of a famous Roman family. 1. M. Claudius Mārcellus, consul 222 B.C. 2. (M.) Claudius Mārcellus, consul 166 B.C. 3. (M.) Claudius Mārcellus, consul 51 B.C.

Mārcius, ī, m., 1. Ancus Mārcius, the fourth king of Rome, 640-616 B.C. 2. C. Mārcius, consul 310 B.C. 3. Q. Mārcius, surnamed Coriolanus. See Coriolānus.

Marcomannicus, a, um, adj., belonging or pertaining to the Marcomannī.

Marcomedī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of western Asia.

Mardī, ōrum, pl. m., a powerful, warlike people that dwelt on the southern shore of the Caspian sea.

mare, is, n., the sea.

Margum, ī, n., a town in Upper Moesia.

Mariānus, a, um, adj., belonging or pertaining to Marius.

maritimus, a, um [mare], adj., marine, maritime, on the seashore.

marītus, ī [mās, male], m., a husband.

Marius, ī, m., the name of a family at Rome. 1. C. Marius, seven times consul, leader of the democratic party in the Civil war between him and Sulla. See Notes, p. 137. 2. C. Marius, son of (1). Consul 82 B.C. 3. M. Aurēlius Marius, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

Mārs, Mārtis, m., the Roman god of war.

Marsī, ōrum, pl. m., a brave and warlike Sabellian people, who dwelt in the mountains of central Italy.

Mārtius, a, um, adj., pertaining to Mars.

Mārtius, ī, m., the month of March; usually used as an adj., Mārtius, a, um, agreeing with mēnsis, Kalendae, Nōnae, Īdūs.

Masinissa, ae, m., a king of Numidia, an ally of the Romans.

Massilia, ae, f., a city in Gaul, modern Marseilles.

māter, tris, f., mother.

māternus, a, um [māter], adj., of a mother, mother’s; maternal, on the mother’s side.

mātrimōnium, ī [māter], n., marriage; pl. wives.

mātrōna, ae [māter], f., a matron, woman.

Mauretania, ae, f., a district on the northwestern coast of Africa, embracing parts of modern Morocco and Algiers.

Māxentius, ī, m. (M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māxentius, Roman emperor 306-312 A.D.

māximē, see magis.

Māximiānus, ī, m., 1. Gālerius (Valerius) Māximiānus, Roman emperor, 305-311 A.D. 2. (M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māximiānus, surnamed Herculius, Roman emperor 286-305 A.D.

Māximīnus, ī, m., 1. (C. Iūlius Verus) Māximīnus, Roman emperor 235-238 A.D. 2. Gālerius (Valerius) Māximīnus, Roman emperor 305-314 A.D.

Māximus, ī, m., 1. Q. Fabius Māximus, consul six times. 2. Q. Fabius Māximus, defeated by the Samnites 292 B.C. 3. Q. Fabius Māximus (Cunctātor), five times consul.

māximus, see māgnus.

Māzaca, ae, f., a city in Cappadocia, later called Caesarēa ad Argaeum from Mount Argaeus upon which it stood.

medicus, ī [medeor, to heal], m., a physician, surgeon.

medie [medius], adv., in the middle, moderately, tolerably.

medietās, ātis [medius], f., the middle, place in the middle, midst.

mediocris, cre [medius], adj., common, moderate, mediocre.

Mediōlānum, ī, n., a city in Cisalpine Gaul, modern Milan.

medius, a, um, adj., in the middle, middle, midst of; as subst., medium, ī, n., middle, midst, space between.

melior, see bonus.

melius, see bene.

Memmius, ī, m., L. Memmius, consul 151 B.C.

memorābilis, e [memorō, to bring to mind], adj., worth telling, remarkable.

memoria, ae [memor, mindful], f., memory; report, record, time, age.

mēns, mentis, f., the mind; disposition; reason.

mēnsis, is, m., a month.

mentiō, ōnis, f., mention.

mentum, ī, n., the chin.

mereō, ēre, uī, itus, to get, earn, deserve; serve.

mergō, ere, mersī, mersus, to dip, plunge, sink. dē—dēmergō, ere, mersī, mersus, to sink.

meritō [meritum, desert], adv., deservedly, justly.

Mesopotamia, ae, f., Mesopotamia, a division of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

Messāla, ae, m., M. (M’.) Valerius (Messāla), consul 263 B.C.

Messēniī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Messēnē, an island in the Tigris river.

-met, an intensive enclitic particle, self.

Metellus, ī, m., the name of a prominent family at Rome. 1. C. Caecilius Metellus, consul 113 B.C. 2. L. Caecilius Metellus, consul 251 B.C. 3. L. Caecilius Metellus, consul 123 B.C. 4. (Q. Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus, consul 143 B.C. 5. Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus), consul 109 B.C. 6. Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus, consul 69 B.C. 7. L. (Caecilius) Metellus, carried on war against Mithradates. 8. M. (Caecilius) Metellus.

metus, ūs, m., fear, dread.

Micipsa, ae, m., king of Numidia, the eldest of the sons of Masinissa.

migrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to migrate, remove.

mīles, itis, m. and f., a soldier.

mīliārium, ī, n., a milestone, mile.

mīlitāris, e [mīles], adj., military; as subst., a soldier; rēs mīlitāris, the art of war, military operations.

mīlitia, ae [mīles], f., military service.

mīlitō, āre, āvī, ātus [mīles], to be a soldier, wage war.

mīlle, indecl. num. adj., a thousand; as subst. with part. gen., mīlia, um, pl. n., thousand, thousands.

mīllēsimus, a, um [mīlle], num. adj., thousandth.

mināx, ācis [minor, to threaten], adj., threatening.

minimē, see parum.

minimus, see parvus.

minister, trī, m., an attendant, servant.

minor, us, see parvus.

Minucius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Rūfus.

minuō, ere, ī, ūtus [minus], to make small, diminish, reduce. dē—dēminuō, ere, ī, ūtus, to make smaller, lessen, diminish.

minus, adv., see parum.

mīrābilis, e [mīror], adj., wonderful.

mīror, ārī, ātus sum, to wonder at, be astonished. ad—admīror, ārī, ātus sum, to wonder at, admire.

Mithradātēs, is, m., surnamed the Great, king of Pontus 120-63 B.C.

Mithradāticus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Mithradātēs.

mītis, e, adj., mild, kind, placid.

mittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to send, dispatch; throw, shoot; let go. ab—āmittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to send away, lose; dismiss. ad—admittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to permit, admit, give audience to. con—committō, ere, mīsī, missus, to send or bring together, join; intrust, commit, bring about, cause, allow; pūgnam or proelium committere, to begin battle. dis—dimittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to send away, dismiss; give up, abandon. inter—intermittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to send between, interpose, interrupt; stop, cease. per—permittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to let pass; permit, allow. praeter—praetermittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to permit to go by, let pass, let go; omit, neglect. prō—prōmittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to put forward; promise, assure. re—remittō, ere, mīsī, missus, to send back, relax; abate.

moderātē [moderātus], adv., sup. moderātissimē; with moderation, moderately.

moderātiō, ōnis [moderor], f., moderation, self-control.

moderātor, ōris [moderor], m., a manager, governor, director.

moderātus, a, um [moderor], adj., self-controlled, temperate, modest.

moderor, ārī, ātus sum [modus], to set bounds to, check, restrict, regulate.

modestia, ae [modestus], f., moderation; shame, modesty; sense of honor, dignity.

modestus, a, um [modus], adj., keeping due measure, moderate, modest, temperate.

modicus, a, um [modus], adj., small, moderate.

modius, ī [modus], m., a measure, peck.

modo [modus], adv., only; just now, lately; modo … modo, at one time … at another, now … now; nōn modo … sed etiam, not only … but also.

modus, ī, m., measure, limit, end; way, manner.

Moesia, ae, f., the modern Bulgaria and Servia, divided into Moesia Superior and Inferior; hence the pl., Moesiae.

Mogontiacum, ī, n., a city in Belgic Gaul, modern Mainz.

molestus, a, um [mōlēs, mass], adj., troublesome, annoying, vexatious.

mōlior, īrī, ītus sum [mōlēs, mass], to struggle, toil; undertake, attempt.

mollis, e, adj., gentle, smooth; yielding.

moneō, ēre, uī, itus, to advise, warn, remind.

monētārius, ī [monēta, mint], m., a minter, coiner.

mōns, montis, m., a mountain, hill, height.

monumentum, ī [moneō], n., a monument, record; tomb.

mōrātus, a, um [mōs], adj., mannered, of morals, constituted; characteristic.

morbus, ī, m., sickness, disease.

morior, morī, mortuus sum, to die.

moror, ārī, ātus sum [mora, delay], to delay, wait.

mors, mortis [morior], f., death.

mōs, mōris, m., a custom, habit; manner, fashion; pl., customs, character.

mōtus, ūs [moveō], m., motion, disturbance, revolt.

moveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus, to move, remove; influence, excite. con—commoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus, to arouse, disturb, move, influence. re—removeō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus, to remove, put aside, dismiss, withdraw. sub—submoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus, to drive off, dislodge.

mox, adv., soon, directly, then.

Mūcius, ī, m., see Scaevola.

muliebris, e [mulier, a woman], adj., pertaining to a woman, woman-like.

multitūdō, inis [multus], f., a multitude.

multō, āre, āvī, ātus [multa, a fine], to fine, deprive; punish, condemn.

multō [multus], adv., by far, much.

multus, a, um, adj., comp. plūs, sup. plūrimus; much, many a; pl., many.

Mulvius, a, um, adj., Mulvian; Mulvius pōns, the Mulvian bridge, about two miles north of Rome.

Mummius, ī, m., L. Mummius, the conqueror of Corinth; consul 146 B.C.

Munda, ae, f., a Roman colony in the south of Spain, where a battle was fought in 45 B.C. between Caesar and the Pompeians.

mūniō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus [moenia, walls], to fortify, secure, guard.

mūnus, eris, n., duty, service; present, gift.

Mūrēna, ae, m., L. (Licinius) Mūrēna, consul 62 B.C.

murrinus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the stone murra, murine.

Mursa, ae, f., a town in Pannonia.

mūrus, ī, m., a wall.

Mūs, Mūris, m., (P.) Decius Mūs, consul 279 B.C.

mūtō, āre, āvī, ātus, to change.

N.

Nabis, idis, m., tyrant of Sparta.

nactus, see nancīscor.

nam, conj., for, but.

nancīscor, ī, nactus sum, to get, obtain.

Narbō, ōnis, m., a city in the southern part of Gaul.

nārrātiō, ōnis [nārrō, to tell], f., a relating, narrative.

Narseus, ī, m., king of Persia, 294-303 A.D.

Nāsīca, see Scīpiō.

nāscor, ī, nātus sum, to be born; spring from, arise.

nātiō, ōnis [nāscor], f., nation, tribe, people.

nātūra, ae [nātus], f., nature, disposition; situation.

nātus, a, um [nāscor], adj., lit. born; with annōs and numerals, old.

naufragium, ī [nāvis + frangō], n., shipwreck, ruin.

nāvālis, e [nāvis], adj., naval.

nāvigātiō, ōnis [nāvigō], f., a voyage; navigation.

nāvigō, āre, āvī, ātus [nāvis + agō], to sail, navigate.

nāvis, is, f., ship, vessel; nāvis longa, war ship, galley; nāvis onerāria, transport.

nē, 1, adv., not; nē … quidem, not even, not at all; 2, conj., in order that not, lest, not to, for fear that.

ne, enclitic interrog. particle, used (1) in direct questions, and then translatable only by the inflection of the voice; (2) as conj. with indirect questions, whether.

nec, see neque.

necessārius, a, um [necesse, necessary], adj., necessary, indispensable; as subst., an intimate friend, relative.

necessitūdō, inis [necesse, necessary], f., friendship, intimacy.

neglegenter [neglegēns, heedless], adv., heedlessly, carelessly, negligently.

negō, āre, āvi, ātus, to say no, deny, refuse.

negōtium, ī [nec + ōtium], n., business; toil, labor, trouble.

nēmō, inis [nē + homō], m. and f., no one.

Nepotiānus, ī, m., (Flavius Popilius) Nepotiānus, Roman emperor for 28 days in 350 A.D.

nepōs, ōtis, m., grandson; nephew (late); pl., descendants.

nēquāquam [nē + quāquam, anywhere], adv., not at all, by no means.

neque or nec [nē + que], adv. and conj., and not, but not, nor, nor yet; neque (nec) … neque (nec), neither … nor.

Nerō, ōnis, m., 1. Nerō (Claudius Caesar Drūsus Germānicus), Roman emperor 54-68 A.D. 2. Appius Claudius Nerō, consul 207 B.C.

Nerōniānus, a, um, adj., belonging or pertaining to Nerō; Nerōniānae thermae.

Nerva, ae, m. (M. Coccēius) Nerva, Roman emperor 96-98 A.D.

neuter, tra, trum [nē + uter], pron., neither (of two).

nex, necis, f., death; murder, slaughter.

Nīcomēdēnsēs, ium, pl. m., the inhabitants of Nīcomēdia.

Nīcomēdia, ae, f., the capital city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.

Nicomēdēs, is, m., 1. Surnamed Epiphanes, king of Bithynia, 149-91 B.C. 2. Surnamed Philopator, king of Bithynia, 91-74 B.C.

Niger, grī, m. (C.) Pescennius Niger, Roman emperor 193-194 A.D.

nihil [nē + hilum, a trifle], n., indecl., nothing, not at all.

Nīlus, ī, m., the river Nile.

nimietās, ātis [nimius], f., a too great number or quantity; superfluity, excess.

nimis, adv., too much, very, excessively.

nimius, a, um [nimis], adj., too much, too great, excessive.

nisi [nē + sī], conj., if not, unless, except.

Nisibis, is, f., a city in Mesopotamia.

nītor, ī, nīsus or nīxus sum, to strive, attempt; rely upon. ad—adnītor, ī, nīsus or nīxus sum, to lean against or upon; strive.

Nōbiliōr, ōris, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1. M. Fulvius (Nōbiliōr), consul 189 B.C. 2. Ser. Fulvius Nōbiliōr, consul 255 B.C.

nōbilis, e [nōscō], adj., noted, notable; renowned, noble.

nōbilitās, ātis [nōbilis], f., renown, nobility;the nobles.

nōbiliter [nōbilis], adv., famously, excellently, splendidly, nobly.

nocturnus, a, um [nox], adj., by night, nocturnal.

Nōla, ae, f., a city in Campania in Italy.

nōlō, see volō.

nōmen, inis [nōscō], n., a name; account; pretense; authority.

Nōmentānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Nōmentum, a Sabine city.

nōminō, āre, āvī, ātus [nōmen], to name, call, mention.

nōn, adv., not, no.

Nōnae, ārum, pl. f., the Nones, the seventh of March, May, July, and October, and the fifth of other months.

nōnāgēsimus, a, um [nōnāgintā], num. adj., ninetieth.

nōnāgintā, indecl. num. adj., ninety.

nōnnūllus, a, um [nōn + nūllus], adj., some, several.

nōnus, a, um [novem], num. adj., ninth.

Norbānus, ī, m. (C.) Norbānus, consul 83 B.C.

Nōricum, ī, n., a Roman province south of the Danube.

nōscō, ere, nōvī, nōtus, to come to know, become acquainted with; in perf. system, to know.

ad—āgnōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus, to recognize. con—cognōscō, ere, cognōvī, cognitus, to learn, perceive, understand. re + con—recognōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus, to recall, recognize.

noster, tra, trum [nōs], adj., our, our own.

notābilis, e [notō, to mark], adj., noteworthy, conspicuous, notable.

nōtus, a, um [nōscō], adj., well known, familiar.

novem, num. adj., nine.

noverca, ae, f., stepmother.

novus, a, um, adj., fresh, new, young, recent; novae rēs, a revolution.

nox, noctis, f., night.

nūbō, ere, nūpsī, nūptus, to veil one’s self, marry.

nūdō, āre, āvī, ātus [nūdus], to make bare, strip, expose.

nūdus, a, um, adj., naked, bare.

nūllus, a, um [nē + ūllus] (gen. nūllīus, dat. nūllī), adj., none, no; as subst., no one.

Numa, ae, m., see Pompilius.

Numantia, ae, f., a city in Spain.

Numantīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Numantia.

nūmen, inis [nuō, to nod], n., a divinity, power.

numerōsus, a, um [numerus], adj., in full numbers, numerous, manifold.

Numeriānus, ī, m., the younger of the two sons of the emperor Carus.

numerus, ī, m., number, account; character, rank.

Numidae, ārum, pl. m., the Numidians.

Numidia, ae, f., a country of northern Africa, west of Carthage.

nummus, ī, m., money; coin; sesterce (＝ 4.1 cents).

numquam [nē + umquam], adv., never.

nunc, adv., at the present moment, now.

nūncupō, āre, āvī, ātus [nōmen + capiō], to call, call by name.

nūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus [nūntius], to tell, announce, report. dē—dēnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus, to announce, denounce, order, threaten. prō—prōnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus, to tell, declare, recite, appoint.

nūntius, ī, m., a messenger; message.

nusquam [nē + usquam], adv., nowhere, in no place.

nūtō, āre, āvī, ātus, to nod; waver, be ready to give way.

O.

ob, prep. with acc., to, towards; for, on account of, by reason of.

obeō, see eō.

obiciō, see *iaciō.

obitus, ūs [obeō], m., destruction, death.

oboediō, see audiō.

obscēnē [obscēnus, ill-omened], adv., sup. obscēnissimē; immodestly, indecently.

obscēnitās, ātis [obscēnus, ill-omened], f., moral impurity, foulness, unchastity, lewdness, obscenity.

obscūrē [obscūrus], adv., comp. obscūrius, sup. obscūrissimē; obscurely.

obscūrus, a, um, adj., dark, obscure; ignoble, mean, low.

obsecrō, see *sacrō.

obsequor, see sequor.

obses, idis [obsideō], m. and f., a hostage.

obsideō, see sedeō.

obsidiō, ōnis [obsideō], f., a siege.

obtemperō, āre, āvī, ātus [temperō, to soften], to submit.

obtineō, see teneō.

obvius, a, um [ob + via], adj., in the way, meeting; with esse, fierī, or venīre, to meet.

occāsiō, ōnis [occidō, to happen], f., an occasion, opportunity.

Occidēns, tis [occidō], m. (sc. sōl), the setting sun, the West, the Occident.

occīdō, see caedō.

occulō, ere, culuī, cultus, to cover, cover over; hide, conceal.

occultō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of occulō], to hide, conceal; secrete.

occultus, a, um [occulō], adj., hidden, secret, concealed.

occupō, āre, āvī, ātus [ob + capiō], to take possession of, seize, hold, occupy; attack, employ.

occurrō, see currō.

Ōceanus, ī, m., the Atlantic and its divisions in contrast with the Mediterranean Sea.

Octāviāna, ae, f., sister of Octavianus and wife of M. Antonius.

Octāviānus, ī, m., see Caesar, Augustus.

Octāvius, ī, m., C. Octāvius, consul 87 B.C.

octāvus, a, um [octō], num. adj., eighth.

octingentēsimus, a, um [octingentī], num. adj., eight hundredth.

octingentī, ae, a [octō + centum], num. adj., eight hundred.

octō, indecl. num. adj., eight.

octōdecim [octō + decem], indecl. num. adj., eighteen.

octōgēsimus, a, um [octōgintā], num. adj., eightieth.

octōgintā [octō], indecl. num. adj., eighty.

oculus, ī, m., the eye.

Odenāthus, ī, m., ruler of Palmyra. He checked the incursions of the Persians, and was honored with the title of Augustus by Gallienus.

odēum, ī, n., a public building designed for musical performances, odeon.

odium, ī [odī, to hate], n., hatred, aversion.

odor, ōris, m., odor, stench.

Oenomaus, ī, m., a leader of the gladiators who revolted with Spartacus.

offēnsa, ae, f., disfavor, offense, hatred, enmity.

offerō, see ferō.

officium, ī [opus + faciō], n., service, favor; duty, office.

Ogulnius, ī, m., Q. Ogulnius, consul 269 B.C.

olim [ole, old form of ille], adv., formerly.

Olympias, adis, f., an Olympiad, the space of four years intervening between the games at Olympus. The period was used in assigning dates, the first Olympiad beginning in 776 B.C.

Olympus, ī, m., a city in Lycia in Asia Minor.

ōmen, inis, n., a foreboding, prognostication, omen.

omnīnō [omnis], adv., in all, altogether, only, in general; at all.

omnis, e, adj., every, all.

opera, ae [opus], f., work, pains, aid; operam dare, to attend to, assist, aid.

opifex, ficis [opus + faciō], m., workman, artisan.

opīnor, ārī, ātus sum, to think, believe.

oppidum, ī, n., a walled town.

Oppius, ī, m., see Sabīnus.

opprimō, see premō.

oppūgnātiō, ōnis [oppūgnō], f., an assault, attack, siege.

oppūgnō, see pūgnō.

(ops), opis, f., power, help; pl. opēs, um, wealth, resources.

optimus, see bonus.

optō, āre, āvī, ātus, to hope, desire.

ad—adoptō, āre, āvī, ātus, to adopt.

opulentus, a, um [ops], adj., rich, wealthy.

opus, operis, n., work, business, need; fortification.

ōrātor, ōris [ōrō], m., an orator, ambassador.

orbis, is, m., circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, the world.

orbitās, ātis [orbus, destitute], f., bereavement, orphanage.

Orchadēs, um, pl. f., a group of islands north of Scotland, now Orkney Islands.

ōrdinārius, a, um [ōrdinō], adj., of order, usual, regular, ordinary.

ōrdinō, āre, āvī, ātus [ōrdō], to arrange, regulate.

ōrdō, inis, f., an order, rank, row.

Orestēs, is, m., Cn. Aufidius Orestes, consul 73 B.C.

Oriēns, entis [orior], m. (sc. sōl), the rising sun, the East, the Orient.

orīgō, inis [orior], f., an origin, source, pedigree.

orior, īrī, ortus sum, to rise, begin, spring from.

oriundus, a, um [orior], adj., descended, sprung from, originating, born.

ōrnāmentum, ī [ōrnō, to fit out], n., a preparation; decoration, ornament, jewel.

ōrō, āre, āvī, ātus [ōs, mouth], to pray, beg, entreat.

ad—adōrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to supplicate; worship, reverence.

Orōdēs, is, m., a king of the Parthians, conquered by Pompey.

os, ossis, n., a bone.

Osdroēna, ae, f., Osroēnē, a district in the west of Mesopotamia.

Osdroēnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Osdroēna.

ostendō, see tendō.

ōstiātim, adv., from door to door, from house to house.

ōstium, ī [ōs, mouth], m., the mouth of a river.

Otācilius, ī, m., (T.) Otācilius Crassus, consul 263 B.C.

Othō, ōnis, m., (M. Salvius) Othō, Roman emperor from January 15 to April 16, 69 A.D.

ōtium, ī, n., leisure; ease, idleness; rest, peace.

ovō, āre, —, —, to exult, rejoice; receive an ovation, triumph.

P.

P., abbreviation of the praenomen Publius.

pācō, āre, āvī, ātus [pāx], to pacify, make peaceful.

Pacorus, ī, m., son of Orodes I., king of Parthia.

Paelīgnī, ōrum, pl. m., a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy.

paene, adv., almost, nearly.

Palaeopharsālus, ī, f., a city in Thessaly where Caesar defeated Pompey 48 B.C. It is generally written Pharsalus.

Palaestīna, ae, f., Palestine.

palam, adv., openly, publicly.

Palātīnus, ī (sc. mōns), adj., the Palatine Hill.

Palātium, ī, n., the Palatine Hill; the imperial palace, which was on the hill.

pallium, ī, n., a Grecian cloak, mantle.

palūs, ūdis, f., a marsh, fen.

Pamphȳlia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.

Pannonia, ae, f., one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps.

Pannonicus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Pannonia.

Pannoniī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Pannonia.

Pānsa, ae, m., (C. Vibius) Pānsa, consul 43 B.C.

Panticapaeum, ī, n., a city in the modern Crimea.

Paphlagōn, onis, m., a Paphlagonian.

Paphlagonia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.

Papirius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Carbō, Cursor.

parēns, entis [pariō], m. and f., a father or mother, parent; relative (late).

pāreō, ēre, uī, —, to appear; obey, serve. ad—appāreō, ēre, uī, —, to become visible, appear; serve. con—compāreō, ēre, uī, —, to appear, show one’s self.

*pariō, ere, peperī, partus, to give birth to, bring forth. ab—āperiō, īre, uī, tus, to uncover, bare; open, disclose. con—comperiō, īre, perī, pertus, to find out, learn. re—reperiō, īre, repperī, repertus, to find (again), meet with, discover.

parō, āre, āvī, ātus, to make ready, prepare; resolve, plan; get, acquire. con—comparō, āre, āvī, ātus, to make ready, prepare; obtain, procure. prae—praeparō, āre, āvī, ātus, to make ready beforehand, provide. re—reparō, āre, āvī, ātus, to renew.

parricīdium, ī [pater + caedō], n., murder of a father, parricide.

pars, partis, f., a part, number; district; side, direction; party, faction.

Parthenius, ī, m., the slayer of Domitian.

Parthenopolis, is, f., a city in Lower Moesia on the Black Sea.

Parthī, ōrum, pl. m., a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea.

Parthicus, a, um, adj., belonging to Parthia, cognomen of Septimius Sevērus.

Parthomasīris, is, m., king of Armenia.

partim [pars], adv., partly.

partus, ūs [pariō], m., a bringing forth, delivery, birth; progeny.

parum, adv., too little, not enough; comp., minus, less, by no means, not; sup., minime, least of all, by no means, not at all; as a subst., parum, indecl. n., too little, not enough.

parvus, a, um, adj., little, small; comp., minor, smaller, less; younger (sc. nātū); sup., minimus, smallest, least.

pāscō, ere, pāvī, pāstus, to feed; of animals, to graze, browse.

passus, ūs [passus from pandō, to spread], m., a step, pace; mīlle passuum, pl. mīlia passuum, a Roman mile ＝ 4854 English feet.

patefaciō, ere, fēcī, factus [pateō + faciō], to lay open, disclose, bring to light.

pateō, ēre, uī, —, to be open, extend, be manifest.

pater, tris, m., a father, ancestor.

paternus, a, um [pater], adj., fatherly, of a father.

patior, patī, passus sum, to suffer, bear, endure; experience; allow, permit. per—perpetior, ī, pessus sum, to endure, be patient under.

patria, ae [pater], f., fatherland, country, home.

patrimōnium, ī [pater], n., inheritance, patrimony, property.

patrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to carry out, perform, execute.

patruēlis, e [patruus], adj., of a father’s brother, child of a father’s brother; as subst., a cousin.

patruus, ī [pater] m., of a father’s brother, paternal uncle.

paucus, a, um, adj., few, little.

paulisper [paulum, by a little], adv., a short time.

paulus, a, um, adj., little, small; as subst., paulum, ī, n., a little, trifle; abl., paulō, by a little.

Paulus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. L. Aemilius Paulus, consul 216 B.C. 2. L. Aemilius Paulus, surnamed Macedonicus, consul 168 B.C. 3. M. Aemilius Paulus, consul 255 B.C.

pauper, eris, adj., poor.

pāx, pācis, f., peace.

pectus, oris, n., the breast.

pecūnia, ae [pecus, cattle], f., money.

pedes, itis [pēs], m., a foot soldier, infantry.

pellō, ere, pepulī, pulsus, to drive out or away, expel; defeat, rout. ad—appellō, āre, āvī, ātus, to call, address, name; appeal to; accuse. con—compellō, ere, pulī, pulsus, to drive together, collect; force, compel. ex—expellō, ere, pulī, pulsus, to drive out or away, expel, dislodge. in—impellō, ere, pulī, pulsus, to urge on, incite, impel.

pendeō, ēre, pependī, —, to hang, be suspended; rest, depend.

penetrō, āre, āvī, ātus [penitus], to enter, penetrate.

penitus, adv., inwardly, within; deeply, completely.

per, prep. with acc. (1) of place, through, across, over, throughout; (2) of time, through, during; (3) of means or agency, by means of, by the agency of, through.

percussor, ōris [percutiō], m., a stabber, murderer.

percutiō, ere, cussī, cussus [per + quatiō, to shake], to thrust through, strike, kill.

perdō, see dō.

perdomō, see domō.

pereō, see eō.

perferō, see ferō.

perficiō, see faciō.

perfidia, ae [perfidus, faithless], f., treachery.

perfuga, ae [perfugiō, to flee for refuge], m., a fugitive, deserter, refuge.

Pergamum, ī, n., a city in Mysia in Asia Minor.

pergō, see regō.

perīculum, ī, n., trial; danger, peril.

perimō, see emō.

perinde [per + inde], adv., in the same manner, just as, equally.

perītus, a, um, adj., skillful, experienced, familiar with.

permaneō, see maneō.

permittō, see mittō.

permūtātiō, ōnis [permūtō, to change], f., change, exchange.

perniciēs, ēī [per + nex], f., destruction, ruin.

perniciōsē [perniciōsus], adv., dangerously, destructively.

perniciōsus, a, um [perniciēs], adj., dangerous, destructive.

Perperna, ae, m., (M.) Perperna, consul 130 B.C.

perpetior, see patior.

perpetuus, a, um, adj., continuous, uninterrupted; in perpetuum, forever.

Persae, ārum, pl. m., the Persians.

persequor, see sequor.

Perseus, eī, m., the last king of Macedonia, 178-168 B.C.

persevērō, āre, āvī, ātus, to persist, persevere.

Persis, idis, f., Persia.

Pertināx, ācis, m., (Helvius) Pertināx, Roman emperor from January 1 to March 28, 193 A.D.

Perusia, ae, f., an ancient town in Etruria in Italy.

perveniō, see veniō.

pēs, pedis, m., a foot, pedem referre, to retreat.

Pescennius, ī, m., see Niger.

pestilentia, ae [pestis, plague], f., a pestilence, plague.

petō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus, to strive for, seek; beg, ask, request; assail, attack. ad—appetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus, to strive for, reach after; assail, attack; long for, desire; draw nigh, approach, be at hand. re—repetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus, to seek again, try to get back, demand back; recall, repeat; attack.

Petrēius, ī, m., M. Petrēius, a partisan of Pompey; fought against Caesar in Spain, Greece, and Africa.

Petrōnius, ī, m., Petrōnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.

Pharnacēs, is, m., Gr. acc. Pharnacēn, the son of Mithradates, who succeeded his father as king of Pontus.

Phasēlis, idis, f., a city of Lycia in Asia Minor.

Philippī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Macedonia where Brutus and Cassius were defeated by Octavian 44 B.C.

Philippus, ī, m., 1. Philip V., king of Macedonia 220-178 B.C. 2. (M. Iūlius) Philippus I., Roman emperor 244-249 A.D. 3. (M. Iūlius) Philippus II., son of (2). 4. L. Mārcius Philippus, consul 91 B.C. 5. Q. Mārcius Philippus, consul 186 B.C.

philosophia, ae, f., philosophy.

philosophus, ī, m., a philosopher.

Phoenīcē, ēs, f., Phoenicia, a country of Syria.

Phrygia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.

Pīcentēs, ium, pl. m., the inhabitants of Picenum.

Pīcēnum, ī, n., a division of Italy on the Adriatic Sea, north of Latium.

pīlum, ī, n., a heavy javelin; pike.

pingō, ere, pīnxī, pīctus, to paint; represent, delineate, portray.

Pīraeus, ī, m., the chief harbor of Athens.

pīrāta, ae, m., a pirate.

pīrāticus, a, um [pīrāta], adj., pertaining to pirates, piratical; Pīrāticum bellum, war against the pirates.

piscis, is, f., a fish.

piscor, ārī, ātus sum [piscis], to fish.

pius, a, um, adj., reverent, pious.

placeō, ēre, uī, —, to please, be agreeable to; seem best to; impers., placet, placuit, placitum est, to be resolved by. dis—displiceō, ēre, uī, —, to displease.

placidus, a, um, [placō, to soothe], adj., calm, quiet, tranquil.

Plautius, ī, m., A. Plautius, sent by the emperor Claudius in 43 A.D. to subdue Britain.

plēbs, plēbis, and plēbēs, ēī, f., the common people, populace, plebeians.

plēnus, a, um [pleō], adj., full.

*pleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill. con—compleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill (to the brim); complete. ex—expleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill up, fill. in—impleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill up, finish.

plērīque, aeque, aque, adj., very many, most.

plērumque, adv., mostly, generally, very often.

Plōtīna, ae, f., the wife of the emperor Trajan.

plūrimus, see multus.

Plūtarchus, ī, m., a Greek philosopher and biographer.

pōculum, ī, n., cup.

poēma, atis, n., a poem.

poena, ae, f., compensation, punishment, penalty.

Poenī, ōrum, pl. m., the Carthaginians.

Polemō, ōnis, m., king of Pontus 39-62 A.D.

Polemōniacus, a, um, adj., belonging to Polemō.

polliceor, ērī, itus sum, to promise, volunteer.

pompa, ae, f., a procession, parade, pomp.

Pompēius, ī, m., 1. Cn. Pompēius, consul 89 B.C. 2. Cn. Pompēius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C. 3. Cn. Pompēius, son of the triumvir. 4. Q. Pompēius, consul 141 B.C. 5. Sex. Pompēius, younger son of the triumvir.

Pompilius, ī, m., Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, 715-672 B.C.

pondō [pondus], adv., by weight.

pondus, eris, [pendo, to weigh], n., weight.

pōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to put down, place, set, deposit; serve (at meals); spend; set up, build; pitch. ad—appōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to put before, place near; serve (at table). con—compōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to arrange, settle; conclude, finish. dē—dēpōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to lay down or aside, put down; stop; arrange, establish. dis—dispōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to arrange, array, dispose. in—impōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to place or put upon or in; establish. prae—praepōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to set over, put in charge of. re—repōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to put back, replace, restore.

pōns, pontis, m., a bridge.

Ponticus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Pontus; Ponticum (mare), the Black Sea.

pontifex, ficis, m., priest.

Pontius, ī, m., see Telesīnus.

Pontus, ī, m., 1. Pontus Euxīnus, the Black Sea. 2. A country of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.

populō, āre, āvī, ātus, to plunder, ravage, lay waste. dē—dēpopulor, ārī, ātus sum, to lay waste, ravage, plunder, pillage.

populus, ī, m., a people, nation.

Porcius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Catō.

porrō [prō], adv., forward, henceforth, furthermore, again.

Porsenna, ae, m., Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium in Etruria.

porta, ae, f., a city gate, gate.

*portō, āre, āvī, ātus [porta], to bear, carry. ex—exportō, āre, āvī, ātus, to carry out, export. re—reportō, āre, āvī, ātus, to carry back, report.

porticus, ūs, f., a colonnade, arcade, portico.

pōscō, ere, poposcī, —, to ask, demand.

possideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus [sedeō], to occupy, hold, possess.

possum, posse, potuī, — [potis, able + sum], to be able, can; plurimum posse, to have great power.

post, (1) adv., after, later, afterwards; (2) prep. with acc., after, behind.

posteā [post + is], adv., afterwards.

posterus, a, um [post], adj., following, next; comp. posterior, us, gen. ōris, later; sup. postrēmus, last, lowest; ad postērum, finally; as subst., posterī, ōrum, pl. m., descendants, posterity.

postquam or post … quam [post + quam], conj., after, when.

postrēmō [posterus], adv., at last, finally.

Postumius, ī, m., see Albīnus.

Postumus, ī, m., (M. Cassiānus) Postumus, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

potēns, entis [possum], adj., powerful.

potestās, ātis [possum], f., power, might; opportunity, permission; authority, sovereignty.

potior, īrī, ītus sum [potis, able], to get possession, acquire.

potius [comp. of potis, able], adv., sup. potissimum; rather, more, sooner.

prae, prep. with abl., before, in front of, in comparison with.

praebeō, see habeō.

praecēdō, see cēdō.

praeceps, cipitis [prae + caput], adj., headlong, hasty; steep, precipitous.

praecipiō, see capiō.

praecipitō, āre, āvī, ātus [praeceps], to throw headlong, cast down; rush down.

praecipuē [praecipuus], adv., chiefly, principally, especially.

praecipuus, a, um [praecipiō], adj., special, particular; eminent, prominent.

praeclārus, a, um [prae + clārus], adj., very bright or brilliant, excellent, distinguished.

praeda, ae, f., booty, spoil, plunder.

praefectūra, ae, f., the office of overseer, superintendence; praefecture.

praefectus, ī, m., overseer, superintendent; praefect.

praeferō, see ferō.

praeficiō, see faciō.

praemium, ī [prae + emō], n., reward, prize.

Praeneste, is, n., a town in Latium east of Rome, modern Palestrina.

Praenestīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Praeneste.

praeparō, see parō.

praepōnō, see pōnō.

praesēns, entis [praesum], adj., at hand, present.

praeses, sidis [praesideō], m., a protector, guard, defender; president.

praesidium, ī [praesideō], n., help, aid, defense; defensive force, garrison; fort, station, post.

praestō, see stō.

praesum, see sum.

praeter, prep. with acc., past, beyond; contrary to, against; besides, except.

praetereā [praeter + is], adv., in addition to this, besides, moreover.

praetermittō, see mittō.

praetexō, ere, uī, tus [texō, to weave], to provide with a border; toga praetexta, a (purple) bordered toga, worn by magistrates and freeborn children till the sixteenth or seventeenth year, when they became of age and assumed the toga virīlis, which was wholly white; the girls wore the toga praetexta until they married.

praetor, ōris [orig. praeitor, from prae + eō], m., a leader, commander; praetor, magistrate, judge.

praetōriānus, a, um [praetōrium], adj., belonging to the bodyguard; praetorian; as subst., praetōriānī, ōrum, pl. m., the praetorians.

praetōrium, ī, n., the imperial bodyguard.

praetōrius, a, um [praetor], adj., of or belonging to the praetor or commander; as subst., praetōrius, ī, m., a man of praetorian rank, an ex-praetor.

praeveniō, see veniō.

prandium, ī, n., lunch.

prāvus, a, um, adj., crooked, wrong; perverse, wicked.

*prehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus, to grasp. dē—dēprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus, to seize, catch; surprise, detect, discover. re—reprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus, to hold back, check; blame, criticise, reprove.

premō, ere, pressī, pressus, to press; press hard, crush. ob—opprimō, ere, pressī, pressus, to crush utterly, overpower, overwhelm.

pretium, ī, n., price, value; reward, money, ransom.

prīmō [prīmus], adv., at first.

prīmum [prīmus], adv., first.

prīmus, see prior.

prīnceps, cipis [prīmus + capio], adj., first, foremost; as subst. m., leading man, chief, leader.

prīncipātus, ūs [prīnceps], m., a chief authority (in the state); headship, leadership; reign, sovereignty.

prīncipium, ī [prīnceps], n., beginning, origin.

prior, us, gen. priōris, comp. adj., former, previous, first, prior; sup. prīmus, first, foremost.

prīscus, a, um [prius], adj., former, elder; primitive, strict.

Prīscus, ī, m., see Tarquinius.

prīstinus, a, um [prius], adj., former, old.

prius [prior], adv., before, sooner, previously, first of all.

prīvātim [prīvātus], adv., privately, as a single individual.

prīvātus, a, um [prīvō, to set apart], adj., private, individual; as subst., prīvātus, ī, m., a man in private life, a private citizen.

prīvīgna, ae, f., a stepdaughter.

prīvīgnus, ī, m., a stepson.

prō, prep. with abl., in front of, before in behalf of; in comparison with, in accordance with.

probe [probus, estimable], adv., right, well, properly, correctly.

probrōsus, a, um [probrum], adj., shameful, ignominious, infamous.

probrum, ī, m., a shameful act, base deed; immodesty, lewdness; insult, reproach.

Probus, ī, m., (M. Aurēlius) Probus, Roman emperor 276-282 A.D.

prōcēdō, see cēdō.

prōclīvus, a, um [prō + clīvus, slope], adj., sloping, steep; liable, prone; subject, ready.

prōcōnsul, is [prō, in place of + cōnsul], m., a proconsul, governor of a province.

prōcōnsulātus, a, um [prōcōnsul], adj., the office of a proconsul, proconsulate.

procul, adv., at a distance, far from.

Proculus, ī, m., a famous Roman jurist.

prōcumbō, ere, cubuī, cubitus [prō + cumbō, to lie], to lie down, sink, fall forward; fall, sink down, be beaten down.

prōdō, see dō.

prōdūcō, see dūcō.

proelium, ī, n., a battle, combat, engagement.

proficīscor, ī, fectus sum [prō + facīscor, from faciō], to set out, proceed; spring from.

prōflīgō, see *flīgō.

prōfluvium, ī, n., a flowing forth; ventris prōfluvium, diarrhea.

profugiō, see fugiō.

prōgredior, see *gradior.

prōmittō, see mittō.

prōmptus, a, um [prōmō, to set forth], adj., prepared, quick, prompt.

prōnūntiō, see nūntiō.

prōnus, a, um, adj., turned forward, inclined; tendency; disposed, prone.

prōpalam [prō + palam], adv., openly, publicly, manifestly.

prope, adv., near by; nearly, almost.

prōpēnsus, a, um, adj., hanging down; inclined, disposed, prone.

propior, us [prope], comp. adj., nearer; sup. proximus, nearest, next; latest, last; next, following.

proprius, a, um, adj., not common with others, own, special, individual.

propter, prep. with acc., on account of.

proptereā [propter + is], adv., for this reason, therefore; proptereā quod, because.

prōpūgnātor, ōris [prōpūgnō, to defend], m., a defender.

prōscrībō, see scrībō.

prōscrīptiō, ōnis [prōscrībō], f., a public notice of sale, proscription.

prōsequor, see sequor.

prōsper and prōsperus, a, um [prō + spēs], adj., according to one’s hopes, favorable, prosperous.

prōsperē [prōsperus], adv., propitiously, successfully.

prōstituō, see *statuō.

prōsum, see sum.

prōtrahō, see trahō.

prōvidē [prōvideō, to provide, foresee], adv., carefully, prudently (very rare).

prōvincia, ae, f., an office, duty; province.

prōvinciālis, e [prōvincia], adj., of a province, provincial; as subst., prōvinciālis, is, m., a provincial.

prōvīsiō, ōnis [prōvideō, to foresee], f., a foreseeing, foreknowledge; foresight, providence.

prōvocō, see vocō.

proximus, see propior.

prūdentia, ae [prūdēns, foreseeing], f., foresight, practical wisdom, good sense.

prūna, ae, f., a burning coal, live coal.

Prūsiās, ae, m., king of Bithynia 228-180 B.C.

Pseudopersēs, eī, m., a pretended son of Perseus.

Pseudophilippus, ī, m., a pretended son of Philip, king of Macedonia.

Ptolemaeus, ī, m., a name borne by the kings of Egypt after the time of Alexander the Great. 1. Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 285-247 B.C. 2. Ptolemaeus Euergetēs, 247-222 B.C. 3. Ptolemaeus Philometor, 181-146 B.C. 4. Ptolemaeus Aulētēs, 47-43 B.C.

Ptolemāïs, is, f., a city in Libya.

pūblicē [pūblicus], adv., in the name of (by order of) the state, publicly, officially.

pūblicus, a, um [orig. poplicus], adj., belonging to the people, public; official.

Pūblicola, ae, m., L. (P.) Valerius Pūblicola, consul 509 B.C.

pudīcitia, ae [pudīcus], f., modesty, virtue.

pudīcus, a, um [pudeō, to be ashamed], adj., modest, virtuous.

puer, puerī, m., a child; boy; slave.

pūgna, ae, f., a combat, fight, battle.

pūgnātor, ōris, m., a fighter, combatant.

pūgnō, ārē, āvī, ātus [pūgna], to fight; oppose, resist. ex—expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus, to take by storm, capture; overpower, prevail upon. ob—oppūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus, to fight against, assault, besiege.

Pulcher, chrī, m., P. Claudius Pulcher, consul 249 B.C.

Pullus, ī, m., L. Iūnius Pullus, consul 249 B.C.

Pulvillus, ī, m., (M.) Horātius Pulvillus, consul 500 B.C.

Pūnicus, a, um, adj., Phoenician, Punic; Carthaginian; Pūnicum bellum, Punic war, first, 264-241 B.C.; second, 218-202 B.C.; third, 149-146 B.C.

pūniō, īre, īvī, ītus [poena], to punish.

Pupiēnus, ī, m. (M. Clōdius) Pupiēnus (Māximus), Roman emperor 238 A.D.

pūrgō, āre, āvī, ātus [pūrus + agō], to make clear; clear away, excuse.

purpura, ae, f., purple-color, purple, purple garment.

purpureus, a, um [purpura], adj., purple-colored; clothed in purple.

purpurō, āre, āvī, ātus [purpura], to be clothed in purple.

putō, āre, āvī, ātus, to think, consider, suppose.

Pylaemēnēs, is, m., king of Paphlagonia.

Pȳrēnaeus, a, um, adj. (sc. mōns), the Pyrenees mountains.

Pyrrhus, ī, m., king of Epirus, waged war against Rome 281-272 B.C.

Q.

Q., abbreviation of the praenomen Quīntus.

Quādī, ōrum, pl. m., a Suabian people.

quadrāgēsimus, a, um [quadrāgintā], num. adj., fortieth.

quadriennium, ī [quattuor + annus], n., a period of four years.

quadringentī, ae, a [quattuor + centum], num. adj., four hundred.

quadringentiēs [quadringentī], num. adv., four hundred times.

quaerō, ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus, to seek; ask; get, obtain.

quaestor, ōris [orig. quaesitor; cf. quaerō, quaesō], m., quaestor, quartermaster, a name given to certain magistrates who had the care of public moneys and military supplies, both at Rome and in the provinces.

qualis, e, adj., (1) interrog., of what kind? what sort of? (2) rel., of such a kind, such as, as.

quam [quis], adv., how, how much; after a comp., than; with a sup., as possible; quam prīmum, as soon as possible; quamdiū, as long as; tam … quam, as … so, not only … but also.

quamquam, conj., although, even if.

quamvīs [quam + vīs, from volō], adv. and conj., however much, although.

quantus, a, um [quam], adj., (1) interrog., how great? how much? (2) rel., correl. to tantus, as great as, as.

quantum, adv., how much? how far?

quārē [quā + rē], adv., (1) interrog., why? (2) rel., for which reason, wherefore, therefore.

quārtō [quārtus], adv., for the fourth time.

quārtus, a, um [quattuor], num. adj., fourth.

quasi, adv. and conj., as if, just as if, as though; on the ground that.

quātenus, adv., (1) interrog., to what point? how far? (2) rel., as far as.

quater [quattuor], num. adv., four times.

quaternī, ae, a [quater], dist. num. adj., four each, by fours, four at a time.

quattuor, indecl. num. adj., four.

quattuordecim [quattuor + decem], indecl. num. adj., fourteen.

-que, conj. enclitic, and, and yet, but.

queror, ī, questus sum, to complain.

quī, quae, quod, rel. pron., who, which, what, that; whoever, whatever.

quī, quae, or qua, quod, indef. pron. used adjectivally, any, some.

quia, conj., because, since.

quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, indef. rel. pron., whoever, whichever, whatever.

quīdam, quaedam, quiddam, and as adj., quoddam, indef. pron., a certain one, somebody; a certain.

quidem, adv., indeed, in fact, to be sure; nē … quidem, not even, not at all.

quiēscō, ere, ēvī, ētus, to rest, repose, keep quiet.

quiētus, a, um [quiēscō], adj., at rest, free from exertion; undisturbed, quiet, peaceful.

quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet (quidlibet), indef. pron., any one you please, any one, who or whatsoever.

quīn [quī, adv., how? + ne], conj., how not? why not? that, that not, but that; quīn et or etiam, nay more.

quīngentēsimus, a, um [quīngentī], num. adj., five hundredth.

quīngentī, ae, a [quīnque + centum], num. adj., five hundred.

quīnī, ae, a [quīnque], dist. num. adj., five each, by fives.

quīnquāgēsimus, a, um [quīnquāgintā], num. adj., fiftieth.

quīnquāgintā, indecl. num. adj., fifty.

quīnque, indecl. num. adj., five.

Quīnquegentiānī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Libya.

Quīntillus, ī, m., (M. Aurēlius) Quīntillus, brother of the emperor M. Aurelius Claudius.

Quīntius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Cincinnātus, Flaminīnus.

quīntō [quīntus], num. adv., for the fifth time.

quīntus, a, um [quīnque], num. adj., fifth.

quippe, adv., indeed, as you see, surely.

quīque ＝ et quī.

Quirīnālis, is (sc. collis), m., the Quirinal Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.

quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. used substantively, some one, any one, something, anything.

quisquam, quaequam, quicquam, indef. pron., adj., or noun, any one, anything, any.

quō [quī], adv., (1) rel., whither, where; (2) interrog., whither? where? (3) indef., to any place, anywhere.

quō [quī], conj., with comparatives, in order that, that, that thereby; quō minus, that not.

quod [quī], conj., because, supposing that, in that, so far as; quod sī, but if.

quondam, adv., once, formerly, sometime.

quoque, conj., also, too.

quoūsque, adv., till when? how long? until (late).

R.

Raetia, ae, f., a Roman province south of the Danube.

rapiō, ere, rapuī, raptus, to seize and carry off, drag off; plunder, destroy. con—corripiō, ere, uī, reptus, to seize, snatch up, grasp; collect, carry off, plunder. dis—dīripiō, ere, uī, reptus, to tear asunder, ravage, plunder. ex—ēripiō, ere, uī, reptus, to take or snatch away; rescue; deprive.

ratiō, ōnis [reor, to think], f., reckoning, calculation, account; method, plan.

rationālis, e [ratiō], adj., of or belonging to accounts; as subst., rationālis, is, m., an accountant.

ratus, a, um [reor, to think], adj., thought out, defined, fixed.

Ravenna, ae, f., a city in Cisalpine Gaul.

rebellō, see bellō.

recēdō, see cēdō.

recēns, entis, adj., recent, late, fresh.

receptor, ōris [recipiō], m., a harborer, concealer.

recipiō, see capiō.

recognōscō, see nōscō.

reconciliō, āre, āvī, ātus, to procure again, regain; reunite, reconcile.

recordor, ārī, ātus sum [re + cor, heart], to remember, recall.

rēctus, a, um [regō], adj., straight, direct.

recūsō, āre, āvī, ātus [re + causa], to refuse, object, decline, hesitate.

redō, see dō.

redeō, see eō.

redigō, see agō.

redimō, see emō.

redūcō, see dūcō.

referō, see ferō.

refōrmō, āre, —, ātus [re + fōrma], to shape again, reform, change.

refugiō, see fugiō.

rēgīna, ae [rēx], f., a queen.

regiō, ōnis [regō], f., a direction; region, territory.

rēgius, a, um [rēx], adj., royal, kingly.

rēgnō, āre, āvī, ātus [rēgnum], to be king, rule.

rēgnum, ī [rēx], n., kingship, supremacy; kingdom, reign.

regō, ere, rēxī, rēctus, to regulate, rule, conduct. ad—adrigō, ere, rēxī, rēctus, to set up, raise, erect; rouse, encourage. con—corrigō, ere, rēxī, rēctus, to straighten, correct, improve. per—pergō, ere, perrēxī, perrēctus, to go straight on, proceed, hasten; with acc., pursue with vigor, perform.

regredior, see *gradior.

Rēgulus, ī, m., 1. M. Atīlius Rēgulus, consul 267 B.C. 2. M. Atīlius Rēgulus, consul 256 B.C.

religiō, ōnis, f., sense of duty; religion, devotion to the gods; scruple.

relinquō, ere, līquī, līctus [re + linquō, to leave], to leave behind, leave; bequeath; appoint by will.

reliquiae, ārum [relinquō], pl. f., remainder, remnant, residue.

reliquus, a, um [relinquō], adj., remaining, rest.

remandō, see mandō.

remaneō, see maneō.

remeō, āre, āvī, —, to go back, return.

remittō, see mittō.

removeō, see moveō.

rēmus, ī, m., an oar.

Remus, ī, m., the brother of Romulus.

renovō, āre, āvī, ātus [re + novus], to renew.

reparō, see parō.

repente [repēns, sudden], adv., suddenly.

repentīnus, a, um [repēns, sudden], adj., sudden, unexpected.

reperiō, see *pariō.

repetō, see petō.

repōnō, see pōnō.

reportō, see *portō.

reprehendō, see *prehendō.

repressor, ōris [reprimō, to check], m., a restrainer, represser.

repudiō, āre, āvī, ātus, to cast off, divorce; reject, scorn.

rēs, reī, f., thing, matter; affair, deed, exploit, event; circumstance; story; property, fortune; trouble; rēs familiāris, private property; rēs pūblica, the commonwealth, state; rēs gestae, exploits.

reservō, see servō.

resideō, see sedeō.

resistō, see *sistō.

respondeō, see spondeō.

respōnsum, ī [respondeō], n., an answer.

rēs pūblica, see rēs.

restituō, see *statuō.

resūmō, see sūmō.

rēte, is, n., a net, snare.

retineō, see teneō.

retrō, adv., backward, behind.

reus, ī, m., defendant, accused person; prisoner.

revehō, see vehō.

reverentia, ae [re + vereor], f., respect, awe, reverence.

revertor, see *vertō.

revocō, see vocō.

rēx, rēgis [regō], m., a king.

Rēx, Rēgis, m., Q. Mārcius Rēx, consul 118 B.C.

Rhēa, ae, f., Rhēa Silvia, the mother of Romulus and Remus.

Rhēnus, ī, m., the Rhine.

Rhodanus, ī, m., the Rhone.

Rhodiī, ōrum, pl. m., the Rhodians, the people of the island of Rhodes.

Rhodopa, ae, f., a lofty mountain in Thrace.

Rhodus, ī, f., Rhodes, an island in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea.

rīpa, ae, f., the bank of a river.

rīpēnsis, e [rīpa], adj., situated or stationed on the banks of a river; Dācia rīpēnsis, Dacia on the Danube.

rogō, āre, āvī, ātus, to ask, inquire; request, implore. ab—abrogō, āre, āvī, ātus, to appeal; annul, abrogate.

Rōma, ae, f., Rome.

Rōmānus, a, um, adj., Roman; as subst., Rōmānī, ōrum, pl. m., the Romans.

Rōmulus, ī, m., the son of Rhea Silvia and Mars, the founder of Rome.

rōstrātus, a, um [rōstrum], adj., furnished with beaks.

rōstrum, ī, n., the beak of a ship; pl., the Rostra or speaker’s platform in the Forum (adorned with the beaks of captured ships).

ruber, bra, brum, adj., red; Rubrum mare, the Red Sea.

Rūfīnus, ī, m., P. Cornēlius Rūfīnus, consul 290 B.C.

Rūfus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. M. Minucius Rūfus, consul 221 B.C. 2. (Q.) Minucius Rūfus, consul 110 B.C. 3. P. Sulpicius (Rūfus), a partisan of Marius.

rumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus, to break, destroy. con—corrumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus, to destroy; seduce, bribe, corrupt. ex—ērumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus, to break forth or out, burst forth. in—inrumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus, to break in, fall upon; interrupt.

rūrsus or rūrsum [orig. revorsus; cf. revertō], adv., back; again.

rūsticus, a, um [rūs, the country], adj., of the country, rustic; as subst., rūsticānī, ōrum, pl. m., countrymen.

Rutilius, ī, m., P. Rutilius, consul 90 B.C.

S.

Sabīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the Sabines, a race in central Italy, adjoining Latium on the east.

Sabīnus, ī, m., 1. Oppius Sabīnus, a Roman general slain by Dacians during the reign of Domitian. 2. Q. Titūrius (Sabīnus), a lieutenant of Caesar. 3. (Flavius) Sabīnus, brother of the emperor Vespasian.

sacer, cra, crum, adj., holy, sacred; as subst., sacrum, ī, n., a holy thing, sacred vessel; pl. religious rites, sacrifices.

sacerdōs, ōtis [sacer], m. and f., priest, priestess.

sacrāmentum, ī [sacrō], n., an oath.

*sacrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to set apart; bless; curse.

con—cōnsecrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to dedicate, consecrate, devote. ex—exsecror, ārī, ātus sum, to curse, abhor. ob—obsecrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to implore, supplicate.

saepe, adv., frequently, often.

saeviō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus [saevus], to be fierce or cruel, rage; punish cruelly.

saevitia, ae [saevus], f., fury, cruelty.

saevus, a, um, adj., raging, fierce, cruel.

sagāx, ācis, adj., of quick perception, sagacious, keen-scented.

sagitta, ae, f., arrow.

sagittārius, ī [sagitta], m., an archer, bowman.

Saguntīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Saguntum.

Saguntum, ī, n., a city on the eastern coast of Spain.

salārius, a, um [sāl, salt], adj., of salt, salty; via Salāria, the road from Rome to Reate.

Salassī, ōrum, pl. m., a people living in the Alps.

Salīnātōr, ōris, m., M. Līvius Salīnātōr, consul 210 B.C.

Sallentīnī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Calabria in southern Italy.

Salōnae, ārum, pl. f., a city in Dalmatia.

saltō, āre, āvī, ātus, to dance, leap.

salūtō, āre, āvī, ātus [salūs, health], to wish one health, greet, salute, visit.

Salvius, ī, m., see Iūliānus.

salvus, a, um, adj., well, safe, sound.

Samnītēs, um, Gr. acc. pl. Samnītas, pl. m., the Samnites, a branch of the Sabine race inhabiting the mountains southeast of Latium.

Samnium, ī, n., a division of middle Italy.

Samus, ī, f., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Asia Minor.

sanguinārius, a, um [sanguis], adj., bloodthirsty, bloody, sanguinary.

sanguis, inis, m., blood.

Sapōr, ōris, m., the name of several Persian kings. 1. Sapor I., 240-273 A.D. 2. Sapor II., 310-381 A.D.

Sardī, ōrum, pl. m., the Sardinians, inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.

Sardica, ae, f., a city in Lower Moesia.

Sardinia, ae, f., Sardinia, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy.

Sardiniēnsēs, ium, pl. m., the Sardinians, inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.

Sarmatae, ārum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Sarmatia.

Sarmatia, ae, f., Sarmatia, now the eastern part of Poland and the southern part of Russia in Europe.

Sāturnīnus, ī, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants.

sauciō, āre, āvī, ātus [saucius], to wound.

Sauromātae, ārum, pl. m., a people of Asia dwelling on the Tanaïs.

Saxonēs, um, pl. m., the Saxons.

saxum, ī, n., a stone, rock, boulder.

*scandō, ere, —, —, to climb, mount. ad—ascendō, ere, ī, scēnsus, to climb up, mount, ascend. con—cōnscendō, ere, ī, scēnsus, to mount, ascend; go on board.

Scaevola, ae, m., Q. Mūcius Scaevola, consul 117 B.C.

scelerātus, a, um [scelus], adj., wicked, infamous.

scelus, eris, n., a sin, crime.

scēna, ae, f., a stage.

scientia, ae [sciō], f., knowledge, skill.

scīlicet [scīre + licet], adv., plainly, of course, doubtless.

sciō, īre, scīvī, scītus, to know, understand.

Scīpiō, ōnis, m., the name of one of the most illustrious families of Rome. 1. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 83 B.C. 2. Cn. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 222 B.C. 3. L. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō, consul 259 B.C. 4. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 218 B.C. 5. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 191 B.C. 6. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, praetor 94 B.C. 7. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus, consul 205 B.C., the conqueror of Hannibal in the First Punic War. 8. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus (Minor), consul 147 B.C. He brought the Third Punic War to a close by capturing and destroying Carthage. 9. L. Cornēlius Scīpiō Asiāgenēs, consul 83 B.C. 10. P. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō Nāsīca, consul 91 B.C.

Scordiscī, ōrum, pl. m., a Thracian people.

scrība, ae [scrībō], f., a clerk, secretary.

scrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, to write. dē—dēscrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, to copy off, sketch, describe. prō—prōscrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, to offer for sale; proscribe, outlaw.

Scrībonius, ī, m., see Curiō.

scrīnium, ī, n., a case, box (especially for books and papers).

Scythae, ārum, pl. m., a wandering tribe of Europe and Asia north of the Black and Caspian Seas.

sē, see suī.

sectiō, ōnis, f., a sale at auction of confiscated property.

secundō [secundus], adv., for the second time.

secundus, a, um [sequor], adj., second; favorable, successful.

Secundus, ī, m., Petrōnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.

sēcūritās, ātis [sēcūrus, free from care], f., freedom from care, security.

sed, conj., but; yet.

sedeō, ēre, sēdī, sessus, to sit, settle, remain, be encamped. ob—obsideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus, to besiege, occupy; watch closely. re—resideō, ēre, sēdī, —, to sit back, remain sitting, be left behind, remain.

sēdēs, is [cf. sedeō], f., seat, chair; residence, abode.

sēditiō, ōnis [sed + itiō, from eō], f., dissension, rebellion, revolt.

sēditiōsē [sēditiō], adv., seditiously.

Seleucīa, ae, f., 1. A city in Assyria. 2. A city in Cilicia. 3. A city in Syria.

sella, ae [sedeō], f., a seat, chair.

semel, adv., once.

sēmibarbarus, ī, m., semi-barbarian.

semper, adv., always.

Semprōnius, ī, m., P. Semprōnius, consul 268 B.C. See Blaesus, Gracchus.

Sēna, ae, f., a city in Umbria in Italy.

senātor, ōris [senātus], m., a senator.

senātus, ūs [cf. senex], m., council of elders, senate, in the time of the kings a mere advisory body, called together by the king when he desired advice, but later the chief power in the Roman state.

senectūs, ūtis [senex], f., old age.

senēscō, ere, senuī, — [senex], to grow old. con—cōnsenēscō, ere, senuī, —, to grow old.

senex, gen. senis, adj., old; comp. senior, elder; sup. māximus (nātū), eldest. As subst., senex, senis, m., an old man; seniōrēs, um, pl. m., the elders (men over 45).

senior, see senex.

Senonēs, um, pl. m., a people of Celtic Gaul.

Senonēs, um, pl. m., the chief city of the Senones.

sententia, ae [sentiō], f., an opinion, judgment; sense.

sentiō, īre, sēnsī, sēnsus, to discern by sense, feel; see, perceive. ad—adsentor, ārī, ātus sum, to assent, flatter, fawn. con—cōnsentiō, īre, sēnsī, sēnsus, to agree; conspire, plot.

Sentius, ī, m., Cn. Sentius, a Roman general during the reign of the emperor Claudius.

sepeliō, īre, īvī (iī), sepultus, to bury, inter.

septem, indecl. num. adj., seven.

September, bris, m., September, the seventh month of the year beginning with March.

septendecim [septem + decem], indecl. num. adj., seventeen.

septennium, ī [septem + annus], n., the space of seven years.

Septimius, ī, m., see Sevērus.

septimus, a, um [septem], num. adj., seventh.

septingentēsimus, a, um [septingentī, seven hundred], num. adj., seven hundredth.

septuāgenārius, a, um [septuāgintā], num. adj., of or belonging to the number seventy.

septuāgēsimus, a, um [septuāgintā], num. adj., seventieth.

septuāgintā [septem], indecl. num. adj., seventy.

sepultūra, ae [sepeliō], f., burial, funeral.

Sēquanī, ōrum, pl. m., an important tribe in eastern Gaul north of the Rhone.

sequor, ī, secūtus sum, to follow, pursue; ensue. con—cōnsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to pursue, overtake; arrive; obtain. in—īnsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to pursue, follow up. ob—obsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to submit to, indulge in, assist. per—persequor, ī, secūtus sum, to pursue, prosecute; relate. prō—prōsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to follow after, pursue, address.

Serāpīum, ī, n., Serāpīum, the temple of Serapis.

Serdica, ae, f., a town in Upper Moesia, the modern Sofia.

Sergius, ī, m., see Catilīna.

sēricus, a, um, adj., of silk, silken.

sermō, ōnis, m., talk, conversation, discourse.

*serō, ere, —, tus, to bind together.

ad—adserō, ere, uī, tus, to claim, lay claim to.

con—cōnserō, ere, uī, tus, to join in battle; cōnserere manūs, to fight hand to hand.

dē—dēserō, ere, uī, tus, to leave, abandon, desert.

in—īnserō, ere, uī, tus, to fasten into; insert.

Sertōrius, ī, m., Q. Sertōrius, an officer in the army of Marius. He went to Spain as propraetor in 82 B.C. and maintained an independent command until his death in 72 B.C.

Servīlius, ī, m., Q. Servīlius, consul 365 B.C. See Caepiō, Casca, Vatia.

serviō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus, to be the slave of, devote one’s self to; have regard to.

Servius, ī, m., see Tullius.

servitium, ī [servus], n., slavery; slaves.

servitūs, ūtis [servus], f., slavery.

servō, āre, āvī, ātus, to save, preserve, watch.

con—cōnservō, āre, āvī, ātus, to keep safe, preserve.

re—reservō, āre, āvī, ātus, to keep back, reserve, preserve.

servus, ī, m., a slave, servant.

sēsē, see suī.

sēstertius, ī [sēmis, half, + tertius], m., (sc. nummus), a sesterce, a small silver coin equivalent originally to two and one-half asses, but later worth about four cents. In naming large sums the Romans spoke of “so many times a hundred thousand sestertii” (centēna mīlia sēstertium).

sevērē [sevērus], adv., sup. sevērissimē; strictly, severely.

sevērissimē, see sevērē.

sevēritās, ātis [sevērus], f., strictness, severity, sternness.

sevērus, a, um, adj., serious, strict, harsh.

Sevērus, ī, m., 1. (L.) Septimius Sevērus, Roman emperor 193-211 A.D. 2. (Flavius Valerius) Sevērus, Roman emperor 306-307 A.D.

sex, indecl. num. adj., six.

Sex., abbreviation of the praenomen Sextus.

sexāgenārius, a, um [sexāgintā], num. adj., belonging to sixty; māior sexāgenāriō, older than sixty years.

sexāgēsimus, a, um [sexāgintā], num. adj., sixtieth.

sexāgintā [sex], indecl. num. adj., sixty.

sexcentēsimus, a, um [sexcentī], num. adj., six hundredth.

sexcentī, ae, a [sex + centum], num. adj., six hundred.

sexdecim or sēdecim [sex + decem], indecl. num. adj., sixteen.

sexiēs [sex], num. adv., six times.

Sextus, ī, m., Sextus Chaeronēnsis, a teacher of Antoninus Pius.

sextus, a, um [sex], num. adj., sixth.

sī, conj., if whether; quod sī, but if.

sīc, adv., so, thus; sīc … ut, just as.

Sicilia, ae, f., the island of Sicily.

Siculī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Sicily.

sīcut [sīc + ut], adv., just as.

sīdō, ere, —, —, to seat one’s self, sit down. con—cōnsīdō, ere, sēdī, sessus, to sit down; settle, encamp, take a position.

sīgnificō, āre, āvī, ātus [sīgnum + faciō], to make signs, show; point out, indicate.

sīgnum, ī, n., sign, signal; military standard, ensign; statue, image.

Sīlānus, ī, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1. D. Iūnius Sīlānus, consul 62 B.C. 2. M. Iūnius Sīlānus, consul 109 B.C.

Silvānus, ī, m., a Roman who revolted in Gaul during the reign of the emperor Constantius.

Silvia, see Rhēa.

similis, e, adj., sup. simillimus; like, similar.

simul, adv., at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as.

sine, prep. with abl., without.

Singara, ae, f., a city in Mesopotamia, on the Tigris.

singulāris, e [singulī], adj., one by one, single, individual; remarkable, singular, unparalleled.

singulī, ae, a, adj., one at a time, one apiece, single.

sinister, tra, trum, adj., left.

sinō, ere, sīvī, situs, to put, place; permit, let. dē—dēsinō, ere, sīvī (iī), situs, to cease, stop.

Sinōpē, ēs, f., a city in Paphlagonia, on the Black Sea.

Sipylus, ī, m., a mountain in Lydia.

Sirmium, ī, n., a city in Lower Pannonia.

*sistō, ere, stitī, status, to cause to stand, place, set; stand. con—cōnsistō, ere, stitī, —, to stand, take position (of an army); stop, halt; be firm, endure, continue. ex—exsistō, ere, stitī, —, to make come out; appear, arise, project, exist. re—resistō, ere, stitī, —, to oppose, withstand, resist.

situs, a, um [orig. part. of sinō], adj., placed, situate, lying.

Smyrna, ae, f., one of the most flourishing and important sea-ports of Asia Minor.

socer, erī, m., father-in-law.

sociālis, e [socius], adj., social.

socius, ī, m., a comrade, ally, confederate.

sōcordia, ae, f., dullness, carelessness; laziness, indolence.

sōl, sōlis, m., the sun; Sōl, Sōlis, m., the Sun-god.

sōlitūdō, inis [sōlus], f., loneliness; lonely place, wilderness.

sollers, ertis, adj., skillful, expert.

sollicitō, āre, āvī, ātus [sollicitus, agitated], to urge, incite, tempt, solicit.

sollicitūdō, inis [sollicitus, agitated], f., uneasiness of mind, care, anxiety.

solum, ī, n., the ground, soil.

sōlum [sōlus], adv., only.

sōlus, a, um, gen. sōlīus, dat. sōlī, adj., only, alone.

solvō, ere, solvī, solūtus, to loose; set sail; annul; pay; unseal, open.

Sophanēnē, ēs, f., or Sophene, a division of Armenia Maior.

soror, ōris, f., a sister.

Sp., abbreviation of the praenomen Spurius.

Spartacus, ī, m., a Roman gladiator who led an insurrection of gladiators and slaves, 73 B.C.

spatiōsus, a, um [spatium, space], adj., roomy, of great extent, ample, extensive.

*speciō, ere, spēxī, —, (obsolete), to look. ad—adspiciō, ere, spēxī, spectus, to look at, examine, inspect. con—cōnspiciō, ere, spēxī, spectus, to catch sight of, spy; see.

spectāculum, ī [spectō, to look at], n., a show, spectacle.

spectō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of *speciō], to look at, watch, behold. ex—exspectō, āre, āvī, ātus, to look out for, wait for, await.

speculātor, ōris, m., a spy.

spēs, eī, f., hope, expectation.

spolium, ī, n., spoil, booty.

spondeō, ēre, spopondī, spōnsus, to promise. re—respondeō, ēre, ī, spōnsus, to answer, reply; correspond to, agree with.

sponte [abl. of spōns, obs.], f., voluntarily; with meā, tuā, or suā, of my, your, or his own free will.

stadium, ī, n., a stade, stadium, furlong, 606¾ English feet; a course for foot races; race course; Stadium, the race course built by Domitian.

statim [stō], adv., instantly, at once.

statiō, ōnis [stō], f., a picket, guard.

statīvus, a, um [stō], adj., permanent, stationary; castra statīva, a permanent camp.

statua, ae [stō], a statue, image.

*statuō, ere, ī, ūtus [stō], to cause to stand, set up, place; determine; determine on; arrange, appoint. con—cōnstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set up, erect; set in order, organize; arrange, appoint; resolve. dē—dēstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set down, deposit. in—īnstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set in place, arrange; found, establish; determine, undertake, begin; train, teach. prō—prōstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set forth in public, expose; dishonor, prostitute, offer for sale. re—restituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set up again, replace, restore, reinstate; repair, remedy, save.

status, ūs [stō], m., state, position, rank.

stella, ae, f., a star.

stercus, oris, n., dung, excrement, manure.

sternō, ere, strāvī, strātus, to lay low, scatter; pave.

stilus, ī, m., stilus, pen.

stīpendiārius, a, um [stīpendium], adj., tributary, paying tribute.

stīpendium, ī [stips, gift + pendō], n., a payment; salary, pay; campaign.

stīpes, itis, m., a log, stock, post, trunk.

*stō, āre, stetī, status, to stand, take the part of, stand firm; continue. ad—astō, āre, stitī, —, to stand at, be at hand. in—īnstō, āre, stitī, statūrus, to draw near, be present; press on, pursue. prae—praestō, āre, stitī, stitus, to show; bestow, supply; surpass; be preferable; do, perform.

Stoicus, a, um, adj., Stoic.

stolidē, adv., stupidly, stolidly.

strangulō, āre, āvī, ātus, to strangle, throttle, kill.

Stratonīcē, ēs, f., a city in Caria in Asia Minor.

strēnuē [strēnuus], adv., sup. strēnuissimē, vigorously.

strēnuissimē, see strēnuē.

strēnuus, a, um, adj., brisk, active, vigorous.

strictim, adv., superficially, summarily, briefly.

studeō, ēre, uī, —, to be eager, take pains about, pay attention to; wish, try; favor.

studiōsē [studiōsus, eager], adv., eagerly, zealously.

studium, ī [studeō], n., zeal, enthusiasm; desire, pursuit, study; good will, affection.

stuprō, āre, āvī, ātus [stuprum], to debauch, dishonor.

stuprum, ī, n., debauchery, defilement, dishonor.

suādeō, ēre, suāsī, suāsus, to advise, urge, exhort.

sub, prep. with acc., under, towards, until, after; with abl., under, beneath, at the foot of, close to; in the reign of.

subiciō, see *iaciō.

subigō, see agō.

subitō [subitus], adv., suddenly.

subitus, a, um [subeō], adj., sudden, unexpected.

subiugō, āre, āvī, ātus [sub + iugum], to bring under the yoke; subject, subjugate.

sublātus, see tollō.

submoveō, see moveō.

subtīlis, e, adj., nice, precise, accurate, subtle.

suburbānus, a, um [urbs], adj., near the city, suburban.

subveniō, see veniō.

succēdō, see cēdō.

successor, ōris [succēdō], m., a follower, successor.

successus, ūs [succēdō], m., favorable outcome, success.

sūdor, ōris [sūdō, to sweat], m., sweat; fatigue.

Suessa, ae, f., Suessa Pōmētia, a city of the Volsci, in Latium.

Suēvī, ōrum, pl. m., a confederacy of German tribes.

Suēvia, ae, f., Suēvia, the land of the Suevi, modern Bavaria and Wurtemberg.

suī, gen., sibi, dat., sē (sēsē), acc. and abl., reflex. pron., sing. and pl., himself, herself, itself, themselves.

Sulla, ae, m., L. Cornēlius Sulla, surnamed Felix, consul 88 B.C.

Sulpicius, ī, m., 1. C. Sulpicius, dictator 304 B.C. 2. P. Sulpicius, consul 279 B.C. 3. P. Sulpicius, consul 211 B.C. See Rūfus.

sum, esse, fuī, futūrus, to be, exist, live; with gen., belonging to, be a part of; be true, be so; happen, take place; with dat., have, possess.

ab—absum, esse, āfuī, —, to be away or absent, be far from; prope abesse, to be at no great distance, be near. in—īnsum, īnesse, īnfuī, —, to be in or on; belong to. inter—intersum, esse, fuī, —, to be present at, take part in. prae—praesum, praeesse, fuī, —, to be over or before; rule, govern, be in command of. prō—prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, —, to benefit, profit, aid. super—supersum, esse, fuī, —, to be over and above, remain; survive, outlive.

summus, see superus.

sumō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, to use up, spend.

con—cōnsūmō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, to use up; devour, waste; destroy; spend, pass; use, employ.

re—resūmō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, to take up again, take back, resume.

sūmptus, ūs [sūmō], m., outlay, expense.

supellex or supellectilis, is, f., household stuff, furniture.

super, prep. with acc., over, above, upon, in addition to; with abl., over, above, upon, on; about, of, concerning.

superbia, ae [superbus], f., haughtiness, pride.

superbus, a, um, adj., haughty, proud, august.

superfluus, a, um [super + fluō], adj., running over, superfluous; unnecessary.

superior, see superus.

superō, āre, āvī, ātus [super], to pass over or around, overcome, conquer; survive.

supersum, see sum.

superus, a, um [super], adj., above, on high; comp. superior, ius, upper, higher, earlier, superior; victorious; elder; sup. summus, a, um, highest, chief, utmost.

superveniō, see veniō.

supplicium, ī [supplex, a suppliant], n., punishment, execution, torture.

suprā, adv. and prep. with acc., above, over, before, on.

Surēna, ae, m., a general of the Parthians who defeated Crassus in 54 B.C.

suscipiō, see capiō.

suspectus, a, um [orig. part. of suspiciō], adj., mistrusted, suspected.

suspīciō, ōnis [suspiciō, to suspect], f., distrust, suspicion.

sustineō, see teneō.

sustulī, see tollō.

Sutrinī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Sutrium, a city in Etruria in Italy.

suus, a, um [suī], pron. adj., his own, her own, its own, their own; his, her, its, their; as subst., suī, ōrum, pl. m., his (their) friends, followers, soldiers or fellow-citizens.

Symiasera, ae, f., the mother of Heliogabalus.

Syphāx, ācis, m., a king of Numidia.

Syrācūsānī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Syracuse, a Greek city in Sicily.

Syrācūsānus, a, um, adj., belonging to Syracuse; urbs Syrācūsāna, the city of Syracuse.

Syria, ae, f., Syria, a country of Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Syriacus, a, um, adj., belonging to Syria, Syrian; Syriacum bellum, Syro-Aetolian war, 192-189 B.C.

T.

T., abbreviation of the praenomen Titus.

tabula, ae, f., a board, plank; picture (sc. pīcta, painted); writing tablet; record, list.

Tacitus, ī, m., (M. Claudius) Tacitus, Roman emperor 275-276 A.D.

Taifalī, ōrum, pl. m., a tribe of Dacia.

talentum, ī, n., a talent, a Greek money measure worth about $1100.

tālis, e, adj., such, of such a kind; tālis … qualis, such … as.

tam, adv., to such a degree, so much, as much, so; tam … quam, as … so, not only … but also.

tamen, adv., yet, still, for all that, all the same, however, nevertheless.

tamquam, adv. and conj., as, as if, as though.

tandem, adv., at length, at last, finally.

*tangō, ere, tetigī, tāctus, to touch; reach to. ad—attingō, ere, tigī, tāctus, to border on, touch, attain. con—contingō, ere, tigī, tāctus, to touch, reach; occur, happen to.

tantum [tantus], adv., so much (and no more), only, merely.

tantus, a, um, adj., so great, such.

Tarentīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Tarentum.

Tarentum, ī, n., a flourishing Greek city on the southern coast of Italy.

Tarquinius, ī, m., the name of a gens in early Rome, said to have come from Etruria. 1. (L.) Tarquinius Prīscus, the fifth king of Rome, 616-578 B.C. 2. L. Tarquinius Superbus, the son of Priscus, the last king of Rome, 534-510 B.C. 3. (Sextus) Tarquinius, son of (2). 4. (L.) Tarquinius Collātīnus, cousin of (3), and husband of Lucretia, consul 509 B.C.

Tarracō, ōnis, f., a city in Spain.

Tarsus, ī, f., a city in Cilicia in Asia Minor.

Tauromenītānī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Tauromenium, a city on the eastern coast of Sicily.

Taurus, ī, m., a mountain range in Asia Minor.

taxō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of tangō], to touch sharply, harass, vex.

tēctōrium, ī [tegō, to cover] n., a covering, cover; plastering.

Telesīnus, ī, m., Pontius Telesīnus, commander of the Samnites in the war against Sulla. See Notes, p. 162.

temeritās, ātis [temerē, rashly], f., rashness, heedlessness, temerity.

tempestās, ātis [tempus], f., point of time, period of time; storm, tempest.

templum, ī, n., a sacred spot; temple.

temptō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of tendō], to touch, handle; try, attempt; sound, try to win over.

tempus, oris, n., time, period, season; opportunity, occasion.

tenāx, ācis [teneō], adj., holding fast, tenacious; firm, steadfast, persistent.

tendō, ere, tetendī, tentus, and tēnsus, to spread out, stretch; īnsidiās tendere, to lay a trap for, plot against.

con—contendō, ere, ī, tentus, to stretch; exert one’s self, strive, insist; hasten, march quickly. ob(s)—ostendō, ere, ī, tentus, to stretch out, show; produce, furnish; disclose, make known.

teneō, ēre, uī, tentus, to hold, keep, possess; maintain, guard, defend; seize. ab—abstineō, ēre, uī, tentus, to hold back or from; keep aloof from; refrain from, abstain. con—contineō, ēre, uī, tentus, to hold, keep, contain; restrain, rule, curb. ob—obtineō, ēre, uī, tentus, to hold, possess; rule, govern. re—retineō, ēre, uī, tentus, to hold or keep (back); retain, detain. sub(s)—sustineō, ēre, uī, tentus, to hold up, support, sustain; bear, endure, hold in check, restrain.

ter, num. adv., three times.

Terentius, ī, m., see Varrō.

tergum, ī, n., the back; tergum vertere, to flee.

terminus, ī, n., the end, boundary.

terra, ae, f., the earth; land; territory, country.

terrester, tris, tre [terra], adj., of the earth or land.

terribilis, e [terreō], adj., frightful, dreadful.

territōrium, ī [terra], n., a territory, domain.

terror, ōris [terreō], m., fear, terror.

tertiō [tertius], num. adv., the third time.

tertius, a, um [cf. trēs], num. adj., third.

Tervingī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Dacia.

testāmentum, ī [testis, a witness], n., a will, testament.

Tetricus, ī, m., (C. Pesuvius) Tetricus, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

Teutobodus, ī, m., a leader of the Cimbri.

Teutonēs, um, pl. m., the Teutonēs, a Germanic people which with the Cimbri invaded Italy, but were defeated by Marius, 102 B.C.

Theodōra, ae, f., the wife of Constantius.

thermae, ārum, pl. f., warm baths.

Thessalia, ae, f., Thessaly, a large district in the northeastern part of Greece.

Thessalonīca, ae, f., a city in Macedonia.

Thrācia, ae, f., Thrace, a large district in the southeastern part of Europe, between the Aegean Sea, Macedonia, and the Black Sea.

Tiberis, is, m., the river Tiber.

Tiberius, ī, m., Tiberius (Claudius Nerō), Roman emperor 14-37 A.D.

Tigrānēs, is, m., king of Armenia, son-in-law of Mithradates, 96-56 B.C.

Tigrānocerta, ae, f., the capital city of Armenia Maior.

Tigris, idis, m., the Tigris, a river in Mesopotamia.

timeō, ēre, uī, —, to fear, be anxious.

timor, ōris [timeō], m., fear, a cause of fear.

tīrō, ōnis, m., a recruit; beginner.

Titūrius, ī, m., see Sabīnus.

Titus, ī, m., T. Flavius Sabīnus Vespasiānus, Roman emperor 79-81 A.D.

toga, ae, f., the toga, the characteristic outer robe of the Romans.

togātus, a, um [toga], adj., clad in the toga; in peaceful garb, unarmed.

tollō, ere, sustulī, sublātus, to lift, raise, take up; remove, abolish.

Tolumnius, ī, m., (Lar) Tolumnius, leader of the Veientes.

Tomī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Lower Moesia.

Torquātus, ī, m., 1. (T.) Mānlius Torquātus, dictator 353 B.C. 2. T. Mānlius Torquātus, consul 235 B.C.

torquis, is, m., a twisted collar, necklace.

tot, indecl. adj., so many.

tōtus, a, um, gen. tōtīus, dat. tōtī, adj., all, all the, the whole, entire.

tractō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of trahō], to treat.

trāctus, ūs [trahō], m., a stretch, tract.

trādō, see dō.

tragicus, a, um [tragoedia], adj., of tragedy, tragic.