P.

PAGE CORD.

Small twine with which the pages are tied round, to secure them temporarily till they are imposed. Small net twine is the best, as being stronger and more uniform in thickness than any other cord that I have seen used for the purpose.

PAGE PAPER.

Stout paper cut up to the proper size, on which to place pages, till they are wanted to be imposed.

The wrappers that come round bundles of paper are generally used, for which the compositor applies to the warehouseman, who when he has no wrappers, gives some of the stoutest waste paper that he has; when it is not strong enough single the compositor uses it double. Page papers are cut longer than a page of the work they are for, and should be about an inch and a half broader than the width of the page and turned up to the sides of it, so that when the compositor has occasion to move his pages, he takes hold of both sides with one hand including the sides of the page paper which supports the bottom of the page.

Except the page papers be very stout, it would be running a risk to place large quarto pages on them: in this case it will be better to keep them on slices.

PALE COLOUR.

If there be not Blacking enough in the ink, or the form be beaten with too lean balls, the work will be said to have a Pale Colour.—M. The term is now applied only when there is a deficiency of ink, so that the surface of the paper is not completely covered on the impression of the types.

PAMPHLET.

Any work that does not exceed five sheets in octavo is termed a pamphlet, and is paid something extra for at case, as a compensation to the compositor for making up the letter and furniture without having any return of either; the whole being generally put in chase. See Scale of Prices.

PAMPHLETS.

Act 60 Geo. 3. c. 9.—To subject certain Publications to the Duties of Stamps upon Newspapers, and to make other Regulations for restraining the Abuses arising from the Publication of Blasphemous and Seditious Libels.

First recites, that Pamphlets and printed Papers containing Observations upon Public Events and Occurrences, tending to excite Hatred and Contempt of the Government and Constitution of these Realms as by Law established, and also vilifying our Holy Religion, have lately been published in great Numbers, and at very small Prices; and it is expedient that the same should be restrained, and enacts;

s. 1. That all Pamphlets and Papers containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, printed in any Part of the United Kingdom for Sale, and published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals not exceeding Twenty-six Days between the Publication of any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers, where any of the said Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers respectively, shall not exceed Two Sheets, or shall be published for Sale for a less Sum than Sixpence, exclusive of the Duty by this Act imposed thereon, shall be deemed and taken to be Newspapers within the true Intent and Meaning of several other Acts of Parliament now in force relating to Newspapers; and be subject to such and the same Duties of Stamps, with such and the same Allowances and Discounts, as Newspapers printed in Great Britain and Ireland respectively now are subject unto under and by virtue of the said recited Acts of Parliament, and shall be printed, published, and distributed under and subject to all such and the like Rules, Regulations, Restrictions, Provisions, Penalties, and Forfeitures, as are contained in the said recited Acts, or either of them.

s. 2. That no Quantity of Paper less than a Quantity equal to Twenty-one Inches in Length and Seventeen Inches in Breadth, in whatever Way or Form the same may be made, or may be divided into Leaves, or in whatever Way the same may be printed, shall be deemed or taken to be a Sheet of Paper within the Meaning and for the Purposes of this Act.

s. 3. That no Cover or Blank Leaf, or any other Leaf upon which any Advertisement or other Notice shall be printed, shall, for the Purposes of this Act, be deemed or taken to be a Part of any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number aforesaid.

s. 4. That all Pamphlets and Papers containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any such Remarks or Observations as aforesaid, printed for Sale, and published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals exceeding Twenty-six Days between any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers, and which said Pamphlets, Papers, Parts or Numbers respectively, shall not exceed Two Sheets, or which shall be published for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence, shall be first published on the First Day of every Calendar Month, or within Two Days before or after that Day, and at no other Time; and that if any Person or Persons shall first publish or cause to be published any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number aforesaid, on any other Day or Time, he or they shall forfeit for every such Offence the Sum of Twenty Pounds.

s. 5. That upon every Pamphlet or Paper containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, printed in any Part of the United Kingdom for Sale, and published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals not exceeding Twenty-six Days between the Publication of any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts, or Numbers, and upon every Part or Number thereof shall be printed the full Price at which every such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number shall be published for Sale, and also the Day on which the same is first published; and if any Person shall publish any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part or Number, without the said Price and Day being printed thereon, or if any Person shall at any Time within Two Months after the Day of Publication printed thereon as aforesaid sell or expose to sale any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number, or any Portion or Part of such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number, upon which the Price so printed as aforesaid shall be Sixpence, or above that Sum, for a less Price than the Sum of Sixpence, every such Person shall for every such Offence forfeit and pay the Sum of Twenty Pounds.

s. 6. Provided always, That nothing in this Act shall extend or be construed to extend to subject any Person publishing any Pamphlet or Paper to any Penalty for any Allowance in Price made by the Person for whom and on whose Behalf, and for whose Profit, Benefit, or Advantage, the same shall have been first published, to any Bookseller, or Distributor, or other Person to whom the same shall be sold for the Purpose of retailing the same.

s. 7. That all Pamphlets and Papers which are by this Act declared to be subject to the Stamp Duties upon Newspapers, shall be freed and discharged from all the Stamp Duties and Regulations contained in any Act of Parliament relating to Pamphlets.

s. 8. That no Person, from and after Thirty Days after the passing of this Act, shall print or publish for Sale, any Newspaper, or any Pamphlet or other Paper containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, which shall not exceed Two Sheets, or which shall be published for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence, until he or she shall have entered into a Recognizance, in the Sum of Three hundred Pounds, if such Newspaper, Pamphlet, or Paper shall be printed in London or within Twenty Miles thereof, and in the Sum of Two hundred Pounds, if such Newspaper, &c. shall be printed elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and his or her Sureties in a like Sum in the Whole, conditioned that such Printer or Publisher shall pay to his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, every such Fine or Penalty as may at any Time be imposed upon or adjudged against him or her, by reason of any Conviction for printing or publishing any blasphemous or seditious Libel, at any Time after the entering into such Recognizance or executing such Bond; and that every Person who shall print or first publish any such Newspaper, Pamphlet, or other Paper, without having entered into such Recognizance, or executed and delivered such Bond with such Sureties as aforesaid, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the Sum of Twenty Pounds.

s. 9. If Sureties pay any Part of the Money for which they are bound, or become Bankrupt, new Recognizance or Bond with Sureties must be given.

s. 10. Provided Sureties may withdraw from Recognizance upon giving Notice, and new Recognizance to be entered into.

s. 11. Bonds not to be subject to Stamp Duty.

s. 12. Lists of Recognizances and Bonds taken, to be transmitted to Commissioners of Stamps in England, Scotland, and Ireland, respectively.

s. 13. And whereas the Printer or Publisher of any Newspaper, and of any Pamphlet and Paper hereby enacted to be deemed and taken to be a Newspaper, will, after the passing of this Act, be bound under and by virtue of the Provisions contained in the said Acts made and passed in the Thirty-eighth and Fifty-fifth Years of his Majesty’s Reign respectively, to deliver to the Commissioners of Stamps in Great Britain and Ireland respectively, or some Distributor of Stamps or other Officer, on the Day on which the same is published, or within a certain Time afterwards, One of the Newspapers, Pamphlets, or Papers so published, signed as in the said Acts is respectively directed: And whereas it is expedient that the same or similar Provisions and Regulations should extend and be applied to all Pamphlets and Papers, whether published periodically or not, and which shall contain any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrence, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, and which shall not exceed Two Sheets as aforesaid, or which shall be published for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence; be it therefore enacted, That from and after Ten Days after the passing of this Act, the Printer or Publisher of any Pamphlet or other Paper for Sale, containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or on any Matter in Church or State, shall, upon every Day upon which the same shall be published, or within Six Days after, deliver to the Commissioners of Stamps for Great Britain and Ireland respectively, at their Head Offices, or to some Distributor or Officer to be appointed by them to receive the same, and whom they are hereby required to appoint for that Purpose, one of the Pamphlets or Papers so published upon each such Day, signed by the Printer or Publisher thereof, in his Hand-writing, with his Name and Place of Abode; and the same shall be carefully kept by the said Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer as aforesaid, in such Manner as the said Commissioners shall direct; and such Printer or Publisher shall be entitled to demand and receive from the Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer, the Amount of the Retail Price of such Pamphlet or Paper so delivered; and in every Case in which the Printer and Publisher of such Pamphlet or Paper shall neglect to deliver One such Pamphlet or Paper in the Manner herein-before directed, such Printer and Publisher shall, for every such Neglect respectively, forfeit and lose the Sum of One hundred Pounds.

s. 14. Provided always, That in case the said Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer aforesaid, shall refuse to receive or pay for any Copy of such Pamphlet or Paper offered to be delivered to them or him as aforesaid, for or on account of the same not being within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act, such Commissioners, Distributor, or Officer shall, if required so to do, give and deliver to such Printer or Publisher a Certificate in Writing, that a Copy of such Pamphlet or Paper had been by him duly offered to be delivered; and such Printer or Publisher shall thereupon be freed and discharged from any Penalty for not having delivered such Copy as aforesaid.

s. 15. That if any Person shall sell or expose to sale any Pamphlet or other Paper not being duly stamped, if required to be stamped, such Person shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the Sum of Twenty Pounds.

s. 16. That it shall be lawful for any of his Majesty’s Courts of Record at Westminster or Dublin or of Great Session in Wales, or any Judge thereof respectively, or for any Court of Quarter or General Sessions of the Peace, or for any Justice of the Peace before whom any Person charged with having printed or published any blasphemous, seditious, or malicious Libel, shall be brought for the Purpose of giving Bail upon such Charge, to make it a Part of the Condition of the Recognizance to be entered into by such Person and his or her Bail, that the Person so charged shall be of good Behaviour during the Continuance of such Recognizance.

s. 17. Recovery of Penalties. Provided always, that no larger Amount in the Whole than One hundred Pounds shall be recoverable or recovered before any Justices of the Peace, for any such Penalties incurred in any One Day; any Thing in this Act or any other Acts of Parliament contained to the contrary notwithstanding.

s. 18. Two or more Justices to determine Offences, and may mitigate Penalties.

s. 19. Penalty on Persons summoned as Witnesses not appearing, &c.

ss. 20. to 25. Relate to the Forms of Conviction, commencing Actions for Penalties, Management of the Duties, Allowance of Discounts, &c.

s. 26. That nothing in this Act shall extend to Acts of Parliament, Proclamations, Orders of Council, Forms of Prayer and Thanksgiving, and Acts of State, ordered to be printed by his Majesty, his Heirs or Successors, or his or their sufficient and authorised Officer; or to any printed Votes or other Matters by Order of either House of Parliament; or to Books commonly used in the Schools of Great Britain or Ireland, or Books or Papers containing only Matters of Devotion, Piety, or Charity; or Daily Accounts; or Bills of Goods imported and exported; or Warrants or Certificates for the Delivery of Goods; and the Weekly Bills of Mortality; or to Papers containing any Lists of Prices current, or of the State of the Markets, or any Account of the Arrival, Sailing, or other Circumstances relating to Merchant Ships or Vessels; or of any other Matter wholly of a Commercial Nature; provided such Bills, Lists, or Accounts do not contain any other Matter than what hath been usually comprised therein; or to the Printers or Publishers of the foregoing Matters, or any or either of them.

s. 27. That nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be construed to extend to charge with Stamp Duties any Work re-printed and re-published in Parts or Numbers, whether such Work shall be wholly re-printed or shall be re-published in an abridged Form; provided that the Work so re-printed and re-published shall have been first printed and published Two Years at the least previous to such Re-printing and Re-publication, and provided the said Work was not first published in Parts or Numbers.

This act was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to newspapers, advertisements, and stamps. See Blasphemous Libels. Newspaper Postage. Publications, Periodical.

Pamphlets. (Ireland.) 43 Geo. 3. c. 21. s. 45. “And, for the better collecting and securing the Duties hereby charged on Pamphlets, be it further enacted, That One printed Copy of every Pamphlet which shall be printed or published within the City of Dublin, shall, within the Space of six Days after the printing thereof, be brought to the said Head Office in Dublin, and the Title thereof, with the Number of Sheets contained therein, and the Duty hereby charged thereon, shall be registered or entered in a Book, to be there kept for that Purpose; which Duty shall be thereupon paid to the proper Officer or Officers appointed to receive the same, or his or their Deputy or Clerk, who shall thereupon give a Receipt for the same on such printed Copy, to denote the Payment of the Duty hereby charged on such Pamphlet; and that One printed Copy of every such Pamphlet that shall be printed or published in any Place in Ireland, not being within the City of Dublin, shall, within the Space of fourteen Days after the printing thereof, be brought to some Head Distributor or Collector of the Stamp Duties, who is hereby required forthwith to enter the Title thereof, with the Number of Sheets contained therein, and the Duty hereby charged thereon, in a Book to be by him kept for that Purpose, which Duty shall be thereupon paid to such Distributor or Collector, who shall give a Receipt for the same on such printed Copy.

s. 46. “And be it further enacted, That if any such Pamphlet shall be printed or published as aforesaid, and the Duty hereby charged thereon shall not be duly paid as aforesaid within the respective Times aforesaid, then the Printer or Publisher, and all and every other Person or Persons concerned in and about the printing or publishing of such Pamphlet, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the Sum of One hundred Pounds; and the Author, Printer, and Publisher of such Pamphlet, shall forfeit and lose all Copy Right therein.

s. 47. “And be it further enacted, That on the Trials of Actions, Informations, or Suits, for Recovery of the aforesaid Penalty for Nonpayment of the aforesaid Duty, within the respective Times aforesaid, the Proof of the Payment of the said Duty shall lie upon the Printer or Publisher of such Pamphlet.”

SCHEDULE (D).

“For every Pamphlet or Paper, not exceeding Six Sheets in Octavo, or in a lesser Page, and not exceeding Twelve Sheets in Quarto, or Twenty Sheets in Folio, a Duty after the Rate of Two Shillings for every Sheet of any Kind of Paper contained in one printed Copy or Impression thereof.”

55 Geo. 3. c. 80., which re-enacts these sections, was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to Newspapers, Advertisements, and Stamps.

47 Geo. 3. c 50. sess. 1.

SCHEDULE (B).

“For every Pamphlet or Paper not exceeding Six Sheets in Octavo, or in a lesser Page, and not exceeding Twelve Sheets in Quarto, or Twenty Sheets in Folio, for every Sheet of any Kind of Paper contained in One printed Copy or Impression thereof, a Duty of 2s.

“The foregoing Duty on Advertisements and Pamphlets does not extend to Advertisements respecting Hospitals, Forms of Prayer and Thanksgiving, printed Votes and Proceedings in Parliament, School Books, or Books of Devotion or Piety.”

56 Geo. 3. c. 56., which re-enacts this Duty, was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to Newspapers, Advertisements, and Stamps.

PAPER.

The quality of paper is of great consequence in printing; but it is too frequently overlooked by all parties.

Every pressman of common attention perceives a material difference in the process of bringing off a sharp impression, according to the quality of the paper that he uses. When he meets with a hard-sized harsh paper, bleached with acid, it requires more than common care to make his work look well—to make it good, it frequently defies his utmost abilities—to preserve its first appearance is impossible, as the acid in the paper decomposes the ink.

It is to be regretted, that there is hardly any paper made at the present time but what is more or less bleached with acid, to the deterioration of its quality. The study of the paper maker is to produce stout and viewly paper at a low price; and this he does by using inferior rags bleached by acid; by adding a great proportion of gypsum, in some instances one seventh of its weight, in others one eighth; and frequently of whiting made from lime: he will thus produce a paper weighing sixteen or seventeen pounds a ream, that will feel as stout and look as viewly as an honest-made paper from good rags that will weigh about twenty-two pounds. To the publishers of cheap books, and of ephemeral productions, the price of paper is an important object; but no work of value ought to be printed on such an article, as it cannot be durable, nor will it bear much use, becoming tender with age, and breaking by turning over the leaves.

The origin of this viewly, inferior, perishable paper, was in consequence of the alteration of the duty on paper paid by the maker, from size to weight.

These evils are, however, in a fair way of being rectified. The paper makers of the present day are exerting their abilities to manufacture an article which, with all the beauty and fineness that are held so requisite, should be free from the evils which have of late years accompanied these qualities. Great improvements have already resulted from their endeavours; and one of the foremost in this praiseworthy competition is the house of Messrs. John Dickinson and Co., who have succeeded in manufacturing a paper of great fineness and beauty, and free from the imperfections of which we have had to complain.

The Rev. William Beloe, in his Anecdotes of Literature, &c. speaking of the paper on which books in the infancy of printing were executed, observes,—

“This presents a very fertile subject of discussion. Here, as in ink, two very distinct kinds occur, writing-paper and printing-paper, or rather did then; for the invention of paper made from rags did not precede that of printing more than half a century; and perhaps the first experiments were made on the paper in common use. But here it is worthy of remark, that in this particular fabrick of paper, the Italians far excelled the Germans; for it will appear that the paper used by Sweynheym and Pannartz in the Lactantius, printed at Subiaco, is greatly superior to that of the first printers at Mentz. But it is also a matter of surprise, in how very short a period, and to what a degree of excellence, the manufacture of paper was improved; never, perhaps, for the purposes of printing, to be excelled. Many of the Editiones Principes exhibit specimens of beauty and splendour never surpassed in all the productions of modern times. The earliest specimens of printing, however, were upon vellum; for which there were two reasons. The first was, that it was the object of the first printers to make their books as much as possible to resemble manuscripts; and the anecdote of Fust, and his disposing of his Bibles at Paris, which were considered as manuscripts, has before been related. The next motive of preferring vellum was, that the books were more durable; but from this circumstance, it sometimes happens that early books on paper are more difficult of attainment than on vellum. Yet the Mazarine Bible, which is now usually allowed to be the edition brought to Paris by Fust, is usually on paper. The Durandus, however, is never found but on vellum. It is observable, that the first printed books are distinguished by very ample margins. This, though considered by collectors in modern times as a distinguishing feature of beauty and excellence, was, in the infancy of the art, merely intended for the convenience of writing notes and making observations. Another very copious subject of animadversion is involved in the marks of the paper used in the infancy of printing. As the first printers often omitted to put their names to their works, many have supposed that a careful examination of the paper and paper-marks would ascertain to what printer such books might be ascribed. But this is very delusive.”

The following are the regular sizes of paper, of all descriptions, as they were fixed when the duty was paid to government according to the size. After the alteration in the mode of laying the duty, and it was imposed upon the weight and not upon the size, the makers began to vary the dimensions, so that in fact there is no regularity in them: yet the list will be useful in ascertaining those variations—in knowing what the size of each sort ought to be—and the comparative dimensions when folded into quarto, octavo, duodecimo, &c. for printing; and I have given all the list, although only a small part of it contains what are termed printing papers; yet the whole may be useful as a matter of reference.

FIRST TABLE. Inches THIRD TABLE continued. Inches

Imperial Writing 22 30¼ Double Crown 20 30

Super Royal Do. 19¼ 27½ Single Crown 15 20

Royal Do. 19¼ 24 Demy Tissue 17½ 22

Medium Do. 17½ 22½ Crown Tissue 15 20

Demy Do. 15½ 20 Double Pott 17 25½

Thick and Thin Post 15¼ 19½ FOURTH TABLE.

Small Post 13½ 16½ Cartridge 21 26

Foolscap 13½ 16¾ Cartridge, Square 24½ 25½

Pott 12½ 15½ Cartridge 19¼ 24

Extra Large Post 16½ 21 Elephant, Common 23 28

SECOND TABLE. Sugar Blue 21½ 33

Double Atlas 55 31½ Sugar Blue, Small Size 18¾ 27

Demy 15½ 20 Do. Demy Size 17½ 22

Copy or Bastard 16 20¼ Do. Crown Size 15 20

Foolscap 13½ 16¾ Purple, Royal 19½ 24¼

Littriss Foolscap 13½ 17½ Blue Elephant 23 28

Pott 12½ 15 Blue Royal 19½ 24¼

Grand Eagle, or } 26¾ 40 Blue Demy 17 22

Double Elephant } Blue Crown 15 20

Columbier 23½ 34½ FIFTH TABLE.

Atlas 26¼ 34 Royal Hand, Thick 24 19¼

Atlas, Small 25 31 Royal Hand 24 19¼

Imperial 22 30¼ Lumber Hand 23 18

Super Royal 19¼ 27½ Double Two Pound 24 16

Long Royal 27½ 18 Single Two Pound 16 11

Royal 19¼ 24 Middle Hand, Double 33 21

Demy 17 22 Middle Hand 22 16

Short Demy 14 20¼ Small Hand, Double 32 20

Crown 15 20 Small Hand 19¾ 16

Large Fan 23½ 20½ Couples, Pound 12 10

Small Fan 22¼ 13¼ Couples, Half Pound 9 7½

Elephant 23 28 Imperial Cap 29 22

THIRD TABLE. Havon Cap 24 20

Double Demy 26 38½ Bag Cap 23½ 19

Royal Do. {19½ 24¼ Kentish Cap 21 18

{20 26 Four Pounds 20 16

Inferior Royal 19½ 24¼ Small Cap 20 15

Medium 18 23 Double Four Pounds 33 20

Demy, Single 17½ 22 Single Two Pounds 16 12

Do. Do. 19¼ 21¼ Couples, Pound 12 10

Couples, Half Pound 9 7½

The subjoined table shows the dimensions of the leaves of each sort of paper when folded into the various sizes. It will be serviceable to the printer, by enabling him to ascertain easily what kind of paper will cut up to the most advantage for jobs, labels, &c.; and it will be equally serviceable to the bookseller, by enabling him to ascertain what sized paper will be the most economical to print a work on, when the size of the page is fixed, as he will perceive, on referring to it, that a foolscap octavo is 6¾ inches high, and 4⅛ inches broad; and that a royal eighteens is 6⅝ inches high, and 4¼ inches broad; that a post octavo is 7⅝ inches high, and 4⅞ inches broad; and a medium duodecimo is 7⅝ inches high, and 4½ inches broad;—so as to give him the option of saving both in presswork and the price of paper, without the trouble of having to fold various specimens of paper. It will also serve to ascertain the paper on which any book or job is printed.

I have not carried the calculation to a smaller fraction than the eighth of an inch, as that is near enough for all practical purposes, considering the variations in the size of paper; and when the division came to less, I adopted the next number; so that in some cases the parts of a sheet will be a little larger than the dimensions.

D. signifies drawing paper; P. printing paper; and W. writing paper.

Size of Sheet. Folio. Long Folio. Quarto.

Inches. Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 55 31½ 31½ 22½ 55 15¾ 22½ 15¾

Grand Eagle, or } 40 26¾ 26¾ 20 40 13⅜ 20 13⅜

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 38½ 26 26 19¼ 38½ 13 19¼ 13

Columbier. D. 34½ 23½ 23½ 17¼ 34½ 11¾ 17¼ 11¾

Atlas. D. 34 26½ 26½ 17 34 13¼ 17 13¼

Atlas, Small. D. 31 25 25 15½ 31 12½ 15½ 12½

Imperial. D. 30½ 22 22 15¼ 30½ 11 15¼ 11

Imperial. W. 30¼ 22 22 15⅛ 30¼ 11 15⅛ 11

Double Crown. P. 30 20 20 15 30 10 15 10

Elephant. D. 28 23 23 14 28 11½ 14 11½

Super Royal. D. 27½ 19¼ 19¼ 13¾ 27½ 9⅝ 13¾ 9⅝

Super Royal. W. 27½ 19¼ 19¼ 13¾ 27½ 9⅝ 13¾ 9⅝

Royal, Long. D. 27½ 18 18 13¾ 27½ 9 13¾ 9

Royal. P. 26 20 20 13 26 10 13 10

Double Pott. P. 25½ 17 17 12¾ 25½ 8½ 12¾ 8½

Royal. P. 24¼ 19½ 19½ 12⅛ 24¼ 9¾ 12⅛ 9¾

Royal, Inferior. P. 24¼ 19½ 19½ 12⅛ 24¼ 9¾ 12⅛ 9¾

Royal. D. 24 19¼ 19¼ 12 24 9⅝ 12 9⅝

Royal. W. 24 19¼ 19¼ 12 24 9⅝ 12 9⅝

Medium. P. 23 18 18 11½ 23 9 11½ 9

Medium. W. 22½ 17½ 17½ 11¼ 22½ 8¾ 11¼ 8¾

Demy. P. 22 17½ 17½ 11 22 8¾ 11 8¾

Demy. D. 22 17 17 11 22 8½ 11 8½

Demy. P. 21¼ 19¼ 19¼ 10⅝ 21¼ 9⅝ 10⅝ 9⅝

Extra Large Post. W. 21 16½ 16½ 10½ 21 8¼ 10½ 8¼

Copy, or Bastard. W. 20¼ 16 16 10⅛ 20¼ 8 10⅛ 8

Demy, Short. D. 20¼ 14 14 10⅛ 20¼ 7 10⅛ 7

Demy. W. 20 15½ 15½ 10 20 7¾ 10 7¾

Crown. D. 20 15 15 10 20 7½ 10 7½

Single Crown. P. 20 15 15 10 20 7½ 10 7½

Thick and Thin Post. W. 19½ 15¼ 15¼ 9¾ 19½ 7⅝ 9¾ 7⅝

Littriss Foolscap. 17½ 13½ 13½ 8¾ 17½ 6¾ 8¾ 6¾

Foolscap. W. 16¾ 13½ 13½ 8⅜ 16¾ 6¾ 8⅜ 6¾

Foolscap. D. 16¾ 13¼ 13¼ 8⅜ 16¾ 6⅝ 8⅜ 6⅝

Small Post. W. 16½ 13½ 13½ 8¼ 16½ 6¾ 8¼ 6¾

Pott. W. 15½ 12½ 12½ 7¾ 15½ 6¼ 7¾ 6¼

Long 4to. 6mo. Octavo. Long 8vo.

Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 31½ 13¾ 18¼ 15¾ 15¾ 13¾ 22½ 7⅞

Grand Eagle, or } 26¾ 10 13¼ 13⅜ 13⅜ 10 20 6⅝

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 26 9⅝ 12¾ 13 13 9⅝ 19¼ 6½

Columbier. D. 23½ 8⅝ 11½ 11¾ 11¾ 8⅝ 17¼ 5⅞

Atlas. D. 26½ 8½ 11¼ 13¼ 13¼ 8½ 17 6⅝

Atlas, Small. D. 25 7¾ 10¼ 12½ 12½ 7¾ 15½ 6¼

Imperial. D. 22 7⅝ 10⅛ 11 11 7⅝ 15¼ 5½

Imperial. W. 22 7½ 10 11 11 7½ 15⅛ 5½

Double Crown. P. 20 7½ 10 10 10 7½ 15 5

Elephant. D. 23 7 9¼ 11½ 11½ 7 14 5¾

Super Royal. D. 19¼ 6⅞ 9⅛ 9⅝ 9⅝ 6⅞ 13¾ 4¾

Super Royal. W. 19¼ 6⅞ 9⅛ 9⅝ 9⅝ 6⅞ 13¾ 4¾

Royal, Long. D. 18 6⅞ 9⅛ 9 9 6⅞ 13¾ 4½

Royal. P. 20 6½ 8⅝ 10 10 6½ 13 5

Double Pott. P. 17 6⅜ 8½ 8½ 8½ 6⅜ 12¾ 4¼

Royal. P. 19½ 6 8 9¾ 9¾ 6 12⅛ 4⅞

Royal, Inferior. P. 19½ 6 8 9¾ 9¾ 6 12⅛ 4⅞

Royal. D. 19¼ 6 8 9⅝ 9⅝ 6 12 4¾

Royal. W. 19¼ 6 8 9⅝ 9⅝ 6 12 4¾

Medium. P. 18 5¾ 7⅝ 9 9 5¾ 11½ 4½

Medium. W. 17½ 5⅝ 7½ 8¾ 8¾ 5⅝ 11¼ 4⅜

Demy. P. 17½ 5½ 7¼ 8¾ 8¾ 5½ 11 4⅜

Demy. D. 17 5½ 7½ 8½ 8½ 5½ 11 4¼

Demy. P. 19¼ 5¼ 7 9⅝ 9⅝ 5¼ 10⅝ 4⅛

Extra Large Post. W. 16½ 5¼ 7 8¼ 8¼ 5¼ 10½ 4⅛

Copy, or Bastard. W. 16 5 6¾ 8 8 5 10⅛ 4

Demy, Short. D. 14 5 6¾ 7 7 5 10⅛ 3½

Demy. W. 15½ 5 6⅝ 7¾ 7¾ 5 10 3⅞

Crown. D. 15 5 6⅝ 7½ 7½ 5 10 3¾

Single Crown. P. 15 5 6⅝ 7½ 7½ 5 10 3¾

Thick and Thin Post. W. 15¼ 4⅞ 6½ 7⅝ 7⅝ 4⅞ 9¾ 3¾

Littriss Foolscap. 13½ 4⅜ 5¾ 6¾ 6¾ 4⅜ 8¾ 3⅜

Foolscap. W. 13½ 4⅛ 5½ 6¾ 6¾ 4⅛ 8¾ 3⅜

Foolscap. D. 13¼ 4⅛ 5½ 6⅝ 6⅝ 4⅛ 8⅜ 3¼

Small Post. W. 13½ 4⅛ 5½ 6¾ 6¾ 4⅛ 8¼ 3⅜

Pott. W. 12½ 3⅞ 5⅛ 6¼ 6¼ 3⅞ 7¾ 3⅛

Nines. 12mo. Long l2mo. Squ. l2mo.

Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 18¼ 10½ 18¼ 7⅞ 15¾ 9⅛ 13¾ 10½

Grand Eagle, or } 13¼ 8⅞ 13¼ 6⅝ 13⅜ 6⅝ 10 8⅞

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 12¾ 8⅝ 12¾ 6½ 13 6⅜ 9⅝ 8⅝

Columbier. D. 11½ 7¾ 11½ 5⅞ 11¾ 5¾ 8⅝ 7¾

Atlas. D. 11¼ 8¾ 11¼ 6⅝ 13¼ 5⅝ 8½ 8¾

Atlas, Small. D. 10¼ 8¼ 10¼ 6¼ 12½ 5⅛ 7¾ 8¼

Imperial. D. 10⅛ 7¼ 10⅛ 5½ 11 5 7⅝ 7¼

Imperial. W. 10 7¼ 10 5½ 11 5 7½ 7¼

Double Crown. P. 10 6⅝ 10 5 10 5 7½ 6⅝

Elephant. D. 9¼ 7⅝ 9¼ 5¾ 11½ 4⅝ 7 7⅝

Super Royal. D. 9⅛ 6⅜ 9⅛ 4¾ 9⅝ 4¼ 6⅞ 6⅜

Super Royal. W. 9⅛ 6⅜ 9⅛ 4¾ 9⅝ 4½ 6⅞ 6⅜

Royal, Long. D. 9⅛ 6 9⅛ 4½ 9 4½ 6⅞ 6

Royal. P. 8⅝ 6⅝ 8⅝ 5 10 4¼ 6½ 6⅝

Double Pott. P. 8½ 5⅝ 8½ 4¼ 8½ 4¼ 6⅜ 5⅝

Royal. P. 8 6½ 8 4⅞ 9¾ 4 6 6½

Royal, Inferior. P. 8 6½ 8 4⅞ 9¾ 4 6 6½

Royal. D. 8 6⅜ 8 4¾ 9⅝ 4 6 6⅜

Royal. W. 8 6⅜ 8 4¾ 9⅝ 4 6 6⅜

Medium. P. 7⅝ 6 7⅝ 4½ 9 3¾ 5¾ 6

Medium. W. 7½ 5¾ 7½ 4⅜ 8¾ 3¾ 5⅝ 5¾

Demy. P. 7¼ 5¾ 7¼ 4⅜ 8¾ 3⅝ 5½ 5¾

Demy. D. 7½ 5⅝ 7½ 4¼ 8½ 3⅝ 5½ 5⅝

Demy. P. 7 6⅜ 7 4⅞ 9⅝ 3½ 5¼ 6⅜

Extra Large Post. W. 7 5½ 7 4⅛ 8¼ 3½ 5¼ 5½

Copy or Bastard. W. 6¾ 5¼ 6¾ 4 8 3⅜ 5 5¼

Demy, Short. D. 6¾ 4⅝ 6¾ 3½ 7 3⅜ 5 4⅝

Demy. W. 6⅝ 5⅛ 6⅝ 3⅞ 7¾ 3¼ 5 5⅛

Crown. D. 6⅝ 5 6⅝ 3¾ 7½ 3¼ 5 5

Single Crown. P. 6⅝ 5 6⅝ 3¾ 7½ 3¼ 5 5

Thick and Thin Post. W. 6½ 5 6½ 3¾ 7⅝ 3¼ 4⅞ 5

Littriss Foolscap. 5¾ 4½ 5¾ 3⅝ 6¾ 2⅞ 4⅜ 4½

Foolscap. W. 5½ 4½ 5½ 3⅜ 6¾ 2¾ 4⅛ 4½

Foolscap. D. 5½ 4⅜ 5½ 3¼ 6⅝ 2¾ 4⅛ 4⅜

Small Post. W. 5½ 4½ 5½ 3⅜ 6¾ 2¾ 4⅛ 4½

Pott. W. 5⅛ 4⅛ 5⅛ 3⅛ 6¼ 2½ 3⅞ 4⅛

16mo. 18mo. 20mo. 24mo.

Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 13¾ 7⅞ 10½ 9⅛ 11 7⅞ 10½ 6⅞

Grand Eagle, or } 10 6⅝ 8⅞ 6⅝ 8 6⅝ 8⅞ 5

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 9⅝ 6½ 8⅝ 6⅜ 7⅝ 6½ 8⅝ 4¾

Columbier. D. 8⅝ 5⅞ 7¾ 5¾ 6⅞ 5⅞ 7¾ 4¼

Atlas. D. 8½ 6⅝ 8¾ 5⅝ 6¾ 6⅝ 8¾ 4¼

Atlas, Small. D. 7¾ 6¼ 8¼ 5⅛ 6⅛ 6¼ 8¼ 3⅞

Imperial. D. 7⅝ 5½ 7¼ 5 6 5½ 7¼ 3¾

Imperial. W. 7½ 5½ 7¼ 5 6 5½ 7¼ 3¾

Double Crown. P. 7½ 5 6⅝ 5 6 5 6⅝ 3¾

Elephant. D. 7 5¾ 7⅝ 4⅝ 5½ 5¾ 7⅝ 3½

Super Royal. D. 6⅞ 4¾ 6⅜ 4¼ 5½ 4¾ 6⅜ 3⅜

Super Royal. W. 6⅞ 4¾ 6⅜ 4¼ 5½ 4¾ 6⅜ 3⅜

Royal, Long. D. 6⅞ 4½ 6 4½ 5½ 4½ 6 3⅜

Royal. P. 6½ 5 6⅝ 4¼ 5⅛ 5 6⅝ 3¼

Double Pott. P. 6⅜ 4¼ 5⅝ 4¼ 5 4¼ 5⅝ 3⅛

Royal. P. 6 4⅞ 6½ 4 4¾ 4⅞ 6½ 3

Royal, Inferior. P. 6 4⅞ 6½ 4 4¾ 4⅞ 6½ 3

Royal. D. 6 4¾ 6⅜ 4 4¾ 4¾ 6⅜ 3

Royal. W. 6 4¾ 6⅜ 4 4¾ 4¾ 6⅜ 3

Medium. P. 5¾ 4½ 6 3¾ 4½ 4½ 6 2⅞

Medium. W. 5⅝ 4⅜ 5¾ 3¾ 4½ 4⅜ 5¾ 2¾

Demy. P. 5½ 4⅜ 5¾ 3⅝ 4⅜ 4⅜ 5¾ 2¾

Demy. D. 5½ 4¼ 5⅝ 3⅝ 4⅜ 4¼ 5⅝ 2¾

Demy. P. 5¼ 4⅞ 6⅜ 3½ 4¼ 4⅞ 6⅜ 2⅝

Extra Large Post. W. 5¼ 4⅛ 5½ 3½ 4⅛ 4⅛ 5½ 2⅝

Copy, or Bastard. W. 5 4 5¼ 3⅜ 4 4 5¼ 2½

Demy, Short. D. 5 3½ 4⅝ 3⅜ 4 3½ 4⅝ 2½

Demy. W. 5 3⅞ 5⅛ 3¼ 4 3⅞ 5⅛ 2½

Crown. D. 5 3¾ 5 3¼ 4 3¾ 5 2½

Single Crown. P. 5 3¾ 5 3¼ 4 3¾ 5 2½

Thick and Thin Post. W. 4⅞ 3¾ 5 3¼ 3⅞ 3¾ 5 2⅜

Littriss Foolscap. 4⅜ 3⅜ 4½ 2⅞ 3½ 3⅜ 4½ 2⅛

Foolscap. W. 4⅛ 3⅜ 4½ 2¾ 3¼ 3⅜ 4½ 2

Foolscap. D. 4⅛ 3¼ 4⅜ 2¾ 3¼ 3¼ 4⅜ 2

Small Post. W. 4⅛ 3⅜ 4½ 2¾ 3¼ 3⅜ 4½ 2

Pott. W. 3⅞ 3⅛ 4⅛ 2½ 3 3⅛ 4⅛ 1⅞

Long 24. Squ. 24. 32mo. 36mo.

Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 13¾ 5¼ 9⅛ 7⅞ 7⅞ 6⅞ 9⅛ 5¼

Grand Eagle, or } 10 4⅜ 6⅝ 6⅝ 6⅝ 5 6⅝ 4⅜

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 9⅝ 4¼ 6⅜ 6½ 6½ 4¾ 6¾ 4¼

Columbier. D. 8⅝ 3⅞ 5¾ 5⅞ 5⅞ 4¼ 5¾ 3⅞

Atlas. D. 8½ 4⅜ 5⅝ 6⅝ 6⅝ 4¼ 5⅝ 4⅜

Atlas, Small. D. 7¾ 4⅛ 5⅛ 6¼ 6¼ 3⅞ 5⅛ 4⅛

Imperial. D. 7⅝ 3⅝ 5 5½ 5½ 3¾ 5 3⅝

Imperial. W. 7½ 3⅝ 5 5½ 5½ 3¾ 5 3⅝

Double Crown. P. 7½ 3¼ 5 5 5 3¾ 5 3¼

Elephant. D. 7 3¾ 4⅝ 5¾ 5¾ 3½ 4⅝ 3¾

Super Royal. D. 6⅞ 3⅛ 4¼ 4¾ 4¾ 3⅜ 4¼ 3⅛

Super Royal. W. 6⅞ 3⅛ 4¼ 4¾ 4¾ 3⅜ 4¼ 3⅛

Royal, Long. D. 6⅞ 3 4½ 4½ 4½ 3⅜ 4½ 3

Royal. P. 6½ 3¼ 4¼ 5 5 3¼ 4¼ 3¼

Double Pott. P. 6⅜ 2¾ 4¼ 4¼ 4¼ 3⅛ 4¼ 2¾

Royal. P. 6 3¼ 4 4⅞ 4⅞ 3 4 3¼

Royal, Inferior. P. 6 3¼ 4 4⅞ 4⅞ 3 4 3¼

Royal. D. 6 3⅛ 4 4¾ 4¾ 3 4 3⅛

Royal. W. 6 3⅛ 4 4¾ 4¾ 3 4 3⅛

Medium. P. 5¾ 3 3¾ 4½ 4½ 2⅞ 3¾ 3

Medium. W. 5⅝ 2⅞ 3¾ 4⅜ 4⅜ 2¾ 3¾ 2⅞

Demy. P. 5½ 2⅞ 3⅝ 4⅜ 4⅜ 2¾ 3⅝ 2⅞

Demy. D. 5½ 2¾ 3⅝ 4¼ 4¼ 2¾ 3⅝ 2¾

Demy. P. 5¼ 3⅛ 3½ 4⅞ 4⅞ 2⅝ 3½ 3⅛

Extra Large Post. W. 5¼ 2¾ 3½ 4⅛ 4⅛ 2⅝ 3½ 2¾

Copy, or Bastard. W. 5 2⅝ 3⅜ 4 4 2½ 3⅜ 2⅝

Demy, Short. D. 5 2¼ 3⅜ 3½ 3½ 2½ 3⅜ 2¼

Demy. W. 5 2½ 3¼ 3⅞ 3⅞ 2½ 3¼ 2½

Crown. D. 5 2½ 3¼ 3¾ 3¾ 2½ 3¼ 2½

Single Crown. P. 5 2½ 3¼ 3¾ 3¾ 2½ 3¼ 2½

Thick and Thin Post. W. 4⅞ 2½ 3¼ 3¾ 3¾ 2⅜ 3¼ 2½

Littriss Foolscap. 4¾ 2¼ 2⅞ 3⅜ 3⅜ 2⅛ 2⅞ 2¼

Foolscap. W. 4⅛ 2¼ 2¾ 3⅜ 3⅜ 2 2¾ 2¼

Foolscap. D. 4⅛ 2⅛ 2⅜ 3¼ 3¼ 2 2¾ 2⅛

Small Post. W. 4⅛ 2¼ 2¾ 3⅜ 3⅜ 2 2¾ 2¼

Pott. W. 3⅞ 2 2½ 3⅛ 3⅛ 1⅞ 2½ 2

40mo. 48mo. 64mo.

Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 6⅞ 6¼ 9⅛ 3⅞ 6⅞ 3⅞

Grand Eagle, or } 5 5¼ 6⅝ 3¼ 5 3¼

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 4¾ 5⅛ 6⅜ 3¼ 4¾ 3¼

Columbier. D. 4¼ 4⅝ 5¾ 2⅞ 4¼ 2⅞

Atlas. D. 4¼ 5¼ 5⅝ 3¼ 4¼ 3¼

Atlas, Small. D. 3⅞ 5 5⅛ 3⅛ 3⅞ 3⅛

Imperial. D. 3¾ 4⅜ 5 2¾ 3¾ 2¾

Imperial. W. 3¾ 4⅜ 5 2¾ 3¾ 2¾

Double Crown. P. 3¾ 4 5 2½ 3¾ 2½

Elephant. D. 3½ 4½ 4⅝ 2⅞ 3½ 2⅞

Super Royal. D. 3⅜ 3¾ 4¼ 2⅜ 3⅜ 2⅜

Super Royal. W. 3⅜ 3¾ 4¼ 2⅜ 3⅜ 2⅜

Royal, Long. D. 3⅜ 3½ 4½ 2¼ 3⅜ 2¼

Royal. P. 3¼ 4 4¼ 2½ 3¼ 2½

Double Pott. P. 3⅛ 3⅜ 4¼ 2⅛ 3⅛ 2⅛

Royal. P. 3 3⅞ 4 2⅜ 3 2⅜

Royal, Inferior. P. 3 3⅞ 4 2⅜ 3 2⅜

Royal. D. 3 3¾ 4 2⅜ 3 2⅜

Royal. W. 3 3¾ 4 2⅜ 3 2⅜

Medium. P. 2⅞ 3½ 3¾ 2¼ 2⅞ 2¼

Medium. W. 2¾ 3½ 3¾ 2⅛ 2¾ 2⅛

Demy. P. 2¾ 3½ 3⅝ 2⅛ 2¾ 2⅛

Demy. D. 2¾ 3⅜ 3⅝ 2⅛ 2¾ 2⅛

Demy. P. 2⅝ 3¾ 3½ 2⅜ 2⅝ 2⅜

Extra Large Post. W. 2⅝ 3¼ 3½ 2 2⅝ 2

Copy, or Bastard. W. 2½ 3⅛ 3⅜ 2 2½ 2

Demy, Short. D. 2½ 2¾ 3⅜ 1¾ 2½ 1¾

Demy. W. 2½ 3 3¼ 1⅞ 2½ 1⅞

Crown. D. 2½ 3 3¼ 1⅞ 2½ 1⅞

Single Crown. P. 2½ 3 3¼ 1⅞ 2½ 1⅞

Thick and Thin Post. W. 2⅜ 3 3¼ 1⅞ 2⅜ 1⅞

Littriss Foolscap. 2⅛ 2⅝ 2⅞ 1⅝ 2⅛ 1⅝

Foolscap. W. 2 2⅝ 2¾ 1⅝ 2 1⅝

Foolscap. D. 2 2⅝ 2¾ 1⅝ 2 1⅝

Small Post. W. 2 2⅝ 2¾ 1⅝ 2 1⅝

Pott. W. 1⅞ 2½ 2½ 1½ 1⅞ 1½

72mo. 96mo. 128mo.

Long. Br. Long. Br. Long. Br.

Double Atlas. D. 5¼ 4½ 5¼ 3⅜ 3⅞ 3⅜

Grand Eagle, or } 4⅜ 3¼ 4⅜ 2½ 3¼ 2½

Double Elephant. D. }

Double Demy. P. 4¼ 3⅛ 4¼ 2⅜ 3¼ 2⅜

Columbier. D. 3⅞ 2⅞ 3⅞ 2⅛ 2⅞ 2⅛

Atlas. D. 4⅜ 2¾ 4⅜ 2⅛ 3¼ 2⅛

Atlas, Small. D. 4⅛ 2½ 4⅛ 1⅞ 3⅛ 1⅞

Imperial. D. 3⅝ 2½ 3⅝ 1⅞ 2¾ 1⅞

Imperial. W. 3⅝ 2½ 3⅝ 1⅞ 2¾ 1⅞

Double Crown. P. 3¼ 2½ 3¼ 1⅞ 2½ 1⅞

Elephant. D. 3¾ 2¼ 3¾ 1¾ 2⅞ 1¾

Super Royal. D. 3⅛ 2¼ 3⅛ 1⅝ 2⅜ 1⅝

Super Royal. W. 3⅛ 2¼ 3⅛ 1⅝ 2⅜ 1⅝

Royal, Long. D. 3 2¼ 3 1⅝ 2¼ 1⅝

Royal. P. 3¼ 2⅛ 3¼ 1⅝ 2½ 1⅝

Double Pott. P. 2¾ 2⅛ 2¾ 1½ 2⅛ 1½

Royal. P. 3¼ 2 3¼ 1½ 2⅜ 1½

Royal, Inferior. P. 3¼ 2 3¼ 1½ 2⅜ 1½

Royal. D. 3⅛ 2 3⅛ 1½ 2⅜ 1½

Royal. W. 3⅛ 2 3⅛ 1½ 2⅜ 1½

Medium. P. 3 1⅞ 3 1⅜ 2¼ 1⅜

Medium. W. 2⅞ 1⅞ 2⅞ 1⅜ 2⅛ 1⅜

Demy. P. 2⅞ 1¾ 2⅞ 1⅜ 2⅛ 1⅜

Demy. D. 2¾ 1¾ 2¾ 1⅜ 2⅛ 1⅜

Demy. P. 3⅛ 1¾ 3⅛ 1¼ 2⅜ 1¼

Extra Large Post. W. 2¾ 1¾ 2¾ 1¼ 2 1¼

Copy, or Bastard. W. 2⅝ 1⅝ 2⅝ 1¼ 2 1¼

Demy, Short. D. 2¼ 1⅝ 2¼ 1¼ 1¾ 1¼

Demy. W. 2½ 1⅝ 2½ 1¼ 1⅞ 1¼

Crown. D. 2½ 1⅝ 2½ 1¼ 1⅞ 1¼

Single Crown. P. 2½ 1⅝ 2½ 1¼ 1⅞ 1¼

Thick and Thin Post. W. 2½ 1⅝ 2½ 1⅛ 1⅞ 1⅛

Littriss Foolscap. 2¼ 1⅜ 2¼ 1 1⅝ 1

Foolscap. W. 2¼ 1⅜ 2¼ 1 1⅝ 1

Foolscap. D. 2⅛ 1⅜ 2⅛ 1 1⅝ 1

Small Post. W. 2¼ 1⅜ 2¼ 1 1⅝ 1

Pott. W. 2 1¼ 2 ⅞ 1½ ⅞

See Forgery. India Paper. Plate Paper.

10 Geo. 2. c. 27. s. 4. Drawbacks.—“And whereas the Drawbacks allowed upon the Exportation of foreign Paper tend to the great Discouragement of the Manufacture of Paper within the Kingdom of Great Britain; Be it therefore enacted, by the Authority aforesaid, That from and after the twenty-fourth Day of June One thousand seven hundred and thirty-seven, there shall not be allowed or made on the Re-exportation of any foreign Paper any Drawback or Repayment of any of the Customs or Duties charged and paid on the Importation thereof into this Kingdom, by any Act or Acts of Parliament; any Law, Custom, or Usage to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.”

2 & 3 Vict. c. 23. “An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws for collecting and securing the Duties of Excise on Paper made in the United Kingdom.

“Whereas the Laws for collecting and securing the Duties of Excise on Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, have become numerous and complicated, and it is expedient to consolidate and amend the same; Be it therefore enacted, by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the same, That there shall be raised, levied, and collected, allowed, granted, and paid, the Duties, Allowances, and Drawbacks of Excise following; (that is to say,)

Duties.—“On every Pound Weight Avoirdupois of all Paper, Glazed Paper, Sheathing Paper, Button Paper, or by whatsoever Name any Paper may be known, and on all Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board made in the United Kingdom, a Duty of One Penny Halfpenny:

Allowances.—“For all such Glazed or other Press Papers, made and charged with Duty in the United Kingdom, for Clothiers and Hotpressers, as shall be actually and bonâ fide used, employed, and consumed in the pressing Woollen Cloths and Stuffs in the United Kingdom, an Allowance of One Penny Halfpenny the Pound Avoirdupois:

“For all Paper made and charged with Duty in the United Kingdom which shall be used in the printing of any Books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental, or Northern Languages within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or within the Universities of Scotland, or the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth, Dublin, by Permission of the Vice Chancellors, Rectors, or Principals or Provost of the said Universities respectively, or which shall be used in the printing of Bibles, Testaments, Psalm Books, Books of Common Prayer of the Church of England, the Book commonly called or known in Scotland by the Name of ‘The Confession of Faith,’ or the Larger or Shorter Catechism of the Church of Scotland, within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and Trinity College, Dublin, by Permission of the Vice Chancellors or Provost of the same, or by the Queen’s Printers in England, Scotland, and Ireland respectively, an Allowance of One Penny Halfpenny the Pound Avoirdupois:

“For every Pound Weight Avoirdupois of all Paper, Sheathing Paper, Button Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board made and charged with Duty in the United Kingdom, and which shall be duly exported as Merchandize, a Drawback of One Penny Halfpenny:

“For every Pound Weight Avoirdupois of printed Books in perfect and complete Sets, or, if periodical Publications, in perfect Parts or Numbers, and of blank, plain, or ruled Account Books, whether bound or unbound, made of or printed or ruled on Paper made and charged with Duty in the United Kingdom, and which shall be exported as Merchandize, a Drawback of One Penny Halfpenny:

“For every Dozen Square Yards of Paper made and charged with Duty, and printed, painted, or stained, in the United Kingdom, and exported as Merchandize, a Drawback of Two-pence.”

Stamps.—s. 8. “And be it enacted, That the Commissioners of Excise shall and they are hereby required to provide or cause to be provided proper Stamps, with such Marks and Devices thereon as they shall see fit for marking or stamping all Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, to denote the Duty being charged thereon, when made and tied up in the Manner herein-after directed, and shall cause such Stamps to be delivered to the Officers of Excise for that Purpose; and it shall be lawful for the said Commissioners of Excise to cause the said Stamps, or the Marks and Devices thereon, to be altered or varied as they shall from Time to Time see fit.

Labels.—s. 9. “And be it enacted, That the Commissioners of Excise shall and they are hereby required to provide, and from Time to Time to cause to be issued to every Supervisor of Excise in whose District any Paper Mill shall be situated, or in which any Maker of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall carry on his Manufacture, a sufficient Number of Labels, of such Form and Construction and with such Devices thereon as the said Commissioners shall deem fit and proper, to be used in the tying up of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, as herein-after by this Act directed; and every such Paper Maker shall, on his Request in Writing given to the proper Officer of Excise, specifying therein the Number of Labels which such Maker may require, be within Four Days after the Receipt of such Request supplied by such Officer with the Number of Labels required, each Label being signed by the Supervisor of the District for the Time being, and marked by such Supervisor with the Number or Letter or Number and Letter by which the Mill of such Paper Maker is then distinguished in the Books of the Excise; and every such Paper Maker, or his chief Workman or Servant, shall, at the Time of the Delivery of such Labels, give on the Back of the Request Note requiring the same a Receipt in Writing, signed by him, for the said Number of Labels delivered to him by the Officer of Excise; and all such Labels shall at all Times, when demanded by any Supervisor of Excise, or other Officer of Excise of equal or superior Rank, be delivered to the Supervisor or other such Officer demanding the same; and every Paper Maker who shall, by himself or his chief Workman or Servant, refuse to give such Receipt as aforesaid for the Labels delivered to him, or who shall destroy, cancel, or obliterate any such Label, or shall sell or dispose of or use any such Label for any other Purpose than in tying up Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board as herein-after directed, or shall suffer the same to be done, or who shall refuse to produce or deliver to any Supervisor or other such Officer as aforesaid demanding the same any such Label or Labels, or shall not satisfactorily account for any Label which shall be at any Time missing, shall forfeit for every Label so delivered to him, and for which a Receipt shall not be given, or which shall be cancelled, obliterated, or destroyed, sold or disposed of, or improperly used or not produced or accounted for, Ten Pounds.

s. 10. “And be it enacted, That every Paper Maker shall cause all Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board made by him to be made up into Reams or Half Reams or Parcels, and shall also cause every such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel to be enclosed in a Wrapper or Wrappers, on or to which Wrappers, or One of them if Two are made use of, One of the Labels herein-before directed to be provided and delivered to Paper Makers shall have been previously firmly and permanently fixed and united with Paste or Glue or other binding Cement, and pressed and dried thereon, and which Label, when such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel is tied up, shall be on the Top thereof, or on such other Part of the Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel as the Commissioners of Excise shall direct; and every such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel shall, as soon as made up and enclosed in the Wrapper or Wrappers, be immediately firmly and securely tied up with strong Thread or String; and when and so soon as any Ream or Half Ream or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, shall be tied up in manner aforesaid, the Maker thereof shall write or print, in large and legible Letters, with durable Ink, on the Label affixed on the Top thereof as aforesaid, the Description or Denomination and the Contents of such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel, whether Paper, Glazed-paper, Sheathing-paper, or Button-paper, or Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board; and every Paper Maker who shall neglect or refuse to enclose and tie up any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, in a Wrapper or Wrappers, to which, or to One of which Wrappers, One of such Labels shall have been affixed according to the Directions herein-before given, or immediately to write or print in manner aforesaid the Particulars required to be written or printed on the Label affixed on each Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel, shall forfeit Ten Pounds for every Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel not enclosed and tied up according to the Directions aforesaid, or not having written or printed in manner aforesaid on the Label affixed to the Wrapper the Particulars herein-before required to be written or printed thereon, and every such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel shall also be forfeited.

s. 11. “And be it enacted, That a Ream of Paper, other than Glazed-paper, Sheathing or Button Paper, shall consist of Twenty Quires, each Quire containing Twenty-four Sheets, or Forty Half Quires, each Half Quire being Twelve Sheets; and a Half Ream of Paper shall consist of Ten Quires, or Twenty Half Quires, save and except the Ream or Half Ream of Paper for printing, which may consist of any Number of Sheets not exceeding Five hundred and sixteen Sheets the Ream, or Two hundred and fifty-eight Sheets the Half Ream, and save and except the outside Quires of any Ream of Paper, which may consist of any Number of Sheets not less than Twenty nor more than Twenty-four; and a Parcel of Glazed-paper, Sheathing-paper, Button-paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall consist of even Dozens of Sheets of one and the same Denomination or Description, and of equal Dimensions, and not less than Twenty-four nor more than Seventy-two such Sheets in each Parcel; and all Paper, Glazed-paper, Sheathing-paper, Button-paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board which shall be made up or tied up in any other Quantities than as aforesaid shall be forfeited.

s. 12. “Provided always, and be it enacted, That if from the Size of the Sheets, or from any other Cause, it shall be necessary for any Paper Maker to make and tie up any Paper, other than Glazed-paper, Sheathing-paper, or Button-paper, in any less Quantities than a Ream or Half Ream, it shall be lawful for such Paper Maker to make and tie up such Paper in Parcels containing a less Number of Sheets than a Ream or Half Ream, provided that he write and specify on the Label attached to the Wrapper of such Parcel the true Number of Sheets of Paper contained therein: Provided always, that no Paper shall be made up into any such Parcel or into any Half Ream weighing less than Twenty Pounds.

s. 13. “And be it enacted, That it shall be lawful for any Paper Maker, before tying up any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board into Reams, Half Reams, or Parcels, to cut the Edges thereof, and also for any Paper Maker to make his Paper into Quires without folding the same, such Quires, when made up into Reams or Half Reams, being separated by a Slip of coloured Paper.

s. 14. “And be it enacted, That every Paper Maker shall, at the Time when any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board is tied up as herein-before directed, or at or before the Time when the same is or shall be produced to be weighed and charged with Duty by the Officer of Excise, write on the Label on every such Ream, Half Ream, and Parcel respectively the Weight thereof in large and legible Letters, and in Words at Length, joining to the Words expressing the Weight the Letters “lbs.,” or the Word “Pounds,” on pain of forfeiting for every Omission or Neglect the Sum of Ten Pounds, and the Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board.”

s. 17. “And whereas it is expedient to make Provision for Paper being tied up and charged with Duty, and sent out in single Sheets on the Rollers on which the same may be rolled or received from the Machine, without cutting or making the same up into Reams; be it enacted, That every Paper Maker who shall intend so to send out any Paper shall, before using any Roller or Rollers, mark the true Weight of every such Roller in legible Letters or Numbers on the End thereof, and shall continue the same so marked, and shall upon each Occasion of using the same produce every such Roller so marked to the Officer of Excise surveying his Mill, who shall ascertain that such Weight is correctly marked, and shall sign his Name or Initials under such Mark; and every such Paper Maker shall cause all such Paper, as soon as received from the Machine, to be tied up, as herein-before directed, in a Wrapper or Wrappers, on or to which, or One of them, a Label has been firmly and permanently fixed and united, but in such Manner that the End of the Roller having the Weight thereof marked thereon shall be open and visible to the Officer of Excise, and shall write upon such Label all the Particulars herein-before required to be written by the Paper Maker on the Label; and it shall be lawful for the Officer of Excise weighing and charging with Duty any such Paper, and he is hereby empowered and required, to deduct and allow from the Weight thereof the even Pounds (Fractions of a Pound being disregarded) marked on the End of the Roller on which each Parcel of such Paper shall be rolled, and the Remainder shall be taken as the Weight of the Paper on which the Duty shall be charged: Provided always, that no such Deduction or Allowance shall be made in the Case of any Paper which shall be produced to the Officer of Excise in any Parcel not having the End of the Roller open and visible to the Officer of Excise, or rolled on any Roller which shall not have the true Weight legibly and clearly marked on the End thereof as herein-before directed.”

s. 24. “And be enacted, That every Paper Maker who, after any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been so made and tied up, and the Particulars herein-before required written or printed on the Label on the Wrapper thereof, shall, either before or after such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been weighed and charged with Duty by the Officer of Excise, make any false Entry on the Label affixed on the Cover or Wrapper of any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or deface, obliterate, extract, or fraudulently alter any of the Particulars written or printed by such Paper Maker, or by the Officer of Excise, or shall take off, remove, or detach, or cause or permit or suffer to be taken off or removed or detached, any such Label from the Cover or Wrapper of any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, made and tied up under the Directions of this Act, or who shall use any Label, or any Wrapper to which any Label is affixed, to cover or tie up any other Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board than that contained in such Wrapper, with such Label when first tied up, or who shall, after any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been weighed and charged with Duty, open any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel, and remove any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board out of the Wrapper or Wrappers in which the same shall have been so weighed and charged, or who shall add any other Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board thereto, or shall in any respect make any Alteration in any such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel, shall for every such Label, Wrapper, Ream, Half Ream, and Parcel respectively in respect of which any such Offence shall be committed forfeit Twenty Pounds, and every such Label and Wrapper, Ream, Half Ream, and Parcel, with the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board contained therein, shall also be forfeited.”

s. 26. “And be it enacted, That every Paper Maker who shall sell, send out, deliver, or remove any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board without the same being tied up in a Wrapper or Wrappers on which, or on the uppermost of which, One of such Labels as is by this Act required shall have been permanently affixed, or not having written or printed on the Label affixed to the Wrapper all the Particulars by this Act required to be written and printed on such Label, shall, in respect of every such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel so sold, sent out, delivered, or removed, forfeit Twenty Pounds, and every such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel which shall be found in the Possession of any Person not having such Label, with the Particulars aforesaid thereon, shall also be forfeited.

s. 27. “And be it enacted, That if any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall at any Time, on being weighed by any Officer of Excise, either at the Mill where manufactured or elsewhere, be found to weigh under or over the Weight marked, written, or printed on such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel by the Maker thereof as herein-before required, in the Proportion of Five per Centum if the Weight marked on such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel exceed Twenty Pounds, or Ten per Centum if such Weight be Twenty Pounds or less, the same shall be forfeited.”

s. 37. “And be it enacted, That no Stationer or Printer or Paper Stainer, or Maker of Paste-board not a Maker of Paper, shall receive into his Custody or Possession, nor shall any other Person remove or receive from any Mill, any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board which shall not be an entire Ream or Half Ream or Parcel, enclosed in a Wrapper or Wrappers having a Label thereon, with such Particulars as are herein-before required written thereon, together with the Impressions of the Officer’s Stamp denoting the Charge of Duty, on pain of forfeiting One hundred Pounds; and all Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board so received, and all Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board which shall be found in the Custody or Possession of any Stationer or Printer or Paper Stainer, or Maker of Paste-board not a Maker of Paper, (not being broken Reams, or Parcels for immediate Sale, Use, or Consumption,) without being enclosed in a Wrapper so labelled, and with such Impressions of the Duty Stamp thereon as aforesaid, shall be forfeited, and the Stationer or Printer or Paper Stainer or Maker of Paste-board in whose Possession the same shall be found shall forfeit Fifty Pounds: Provided always, that nothing herein contained shall extend to subject any Stationer to the said first-mentioned Penalty for or by reason of his obtaining or receiving from any other Stationer any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board in less Quantity than a Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel for immediate Use.

s. 38. “And be it enacted, That every Person shall, on opening any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board received into their Possession, immediately write in large Letters in Ink upon the Label attached to the Wrapper the Word “Opened,” or shall across such Label with Ink or otherwise permanently cancel, obliterate, and deface the same, so as to prevent the said Label from being again made use of by any Paper Maker; and every Person who shall not, on opening any such Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel as aforesaid, immediately so write on or cross or otherwise cancel, obliterate, or deface such Label, or in whose Possession any such Label, whether attached or not to any Wrapper which shall have been opened, shall be found not so written upon, crossed, or otherwise cancelled, shall forfeit for each such Label Ten Pounds, and every such Label, with any Wrapper to which the same may be attached, shall also be forfeited.

s. 39. “And be it enacted, That every Person who shall restore, return, send, or deliver, or cause or procure, permit or suffer, to be restored, returned, sent, or delivered, to any Paper Maker, or to any Mill, Warehouse, Room, or Place, belonging to any Paper Maker, or to any other Place for the Use of any Paper Maker, any Wrapper or Label which has been before used as a Wrapper or Label in tying up any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or which shall be marked and stamped with the Marks, Stamps, or Impressions directed by this Act to be marked and stamped on the Labels attached to and the Wrappers enclosing any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, and every Paper Maker who shall receive, or shall cause, procure, permit, or suffer to be returned, sent, or delivered to him, or to be kept or deposited at any Mill, Warehouse, Room, or Place belonging to him, or at any other Place for his Use, or who shall have in his Custody or Possession, any Wrapper or Label which has been before used as a Wrapper or Label to any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or in or with which any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board has been removed, carried, or sent out by any Paper Maker, shall forfeit Two hundred Pounds; and every Workman and Servant of any Paper Maker in whose Custody or Possession any such Wrapper or Label shall be found shall also forfeit Fifty Pounds, over and above any Penalty to which the Paper Maker may thereby become subject.

s. 40. “Provided always, and be it enacted, That nothing herein-before contained shall extend or be deemed or construed to extend to render liable to the said Penalty of Two hundred Pounds any Person for or by reason of such Person returning or sending back to any Paper Maker any Wrapper, with the Label thereon, which shall have been opened, containing therein the same identical Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board received by such Person, and by him returned on account of the same being disliked or refused, nor to render liable to the said Penalty any Paper Maker for receiving back the said Label and Wrapper containing such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board.

s. 41. “And be it enacted, That every Stationer or other Person who shall have bought, received, or agreed for any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board respectively which may be forfeited or liable to Seizure under this or any other Act relating to the Revenue of Excise, and who shall discover to and inform any Officer of Excise thereof, so as to cause the Seizure of the same, shall, on the Condemnation of the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board so seized by the Officer, be paid, by Order of the Commissioners of Excise, the Value of all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board which shall be so seized and condemned, and for which such Stationer or other Person shall have actually paid or be liable to pay and shall pay, and such Payment shall be deemed a Part of the Expences attending the Seizure.

s. 42. “And be it enacted, That every Paper Maker and other Person who shall counterfeit, forge, or imitate, or cause or procure to be counterfeited, forged, or imitated, any Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, or any Figure, Letter, or Part of any Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, directed to be provided and used in pursuance of this Act, or which shall have been provided in pursuance of any other Act in force for securing the Duties on Paper at the passing of this Act; or shall have in his Custody or Possession any such counterfeit, forged, or false Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, or any counterfeit, forged, or false Figure, Letter, or Part of any such Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, knowing the same to be counterfeit, forged, or false; or who shall, upon any Wrapper used or to be used for tying up any Quantity of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or upon any such Label as aforesaid, counterfeit, forge, or imitate, or cause or procure to be counterfeited, forged, or imitated, the Mark or Impression of any such Stamp, Die, or Device, or of any Figure, Letter, Character, or Part of such Stamp, Die, or Device, or shall knowingly have the same in his Custody or Possession; or who shall have in his Custody or Possession, or utter, vend, or sell, any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board with a counterfeited, forged, false, or imitated Mark or Impression of any such Stamp, Die, or Device, or any Figure, Letter, Character, or Part thereof, on the Wrapper of such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or on the Label affixed thereto or thereon, or with any false, counterfeit, or forged Label aforesaid, or any false, counterfeit, or forged Figure, Letter, Character, or Part of such Label as aforesaid, or with any false, counterfeited, or forged Printing or Writing on any such Label, knowing the same or any Part thereof to be counterfeited or forged; or who shall upon any Quantity of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board put or place any Wrapper or Part of any Wrapper, or any Label or Part of any Label, having thereon or therein any false, counterfeit, or forged Writing, Printing, Letter, Figure, Character, Mark, or Impression, knowing the same to be false, counterfeited, and forged; or who shall, upon any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board not taken account of and charged with Duty by the proper Officer of Excise put or place any of the Stamps or Impressions directed by or provided or used in pursuance of this Act or any such other Acts as aforesaid; shall for every such false, counterfeit, or forged Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, or Figure, Letter, Character, or Part of such Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, forfeit and lose the Sum of One thousand Pounds, and for every such Wrapper, Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel respectively the Sum of Five hundred Pounds; and every such false, counterfeited, and forged Stamp, Die, Device, and Label, Figure, Letter, Character, and Part of such Stamp, Die, Device, or Label, and every such false, counterfeit, and forged Impression, and every such Wrapper, Ream, Half Ream, and Parcel respectively, shall be forfeited.

s. 43. “And be it enacted, That every Paper Maker, Stationer, or other Person who shall alter the distinguishing Letter or Number of any Mill on the Label attached to the Wrapper of any Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, save and except in the Case of Paper sent from one Mill to another, or returned to any Mill, under the Provisions herein-before contained, or who shall alter the Weight inserted on any such Label, shall forfeit Twenty Pounds, together with the Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel to which such Label shall be attached.

s. 44. “And be it enacted, That the Allowance of the Duty on Paper used in the printing of Books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental, or Northern Languages within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Universities of Scotland, and the University of Trinity College, Dublin, shall be made and allowed in manner following; (that is to say,) the chief Manager of the Press in the said Universities respectively shall, Forty-eight Hours before any such Paper shall be begun to be printed, give to the proper Officer of Excise a Notice in Writing of the Intention to print such Paper, specifying the Number of Reams of Paper and the Title of the Book intended to be printed, and of how many Copies the Edition is to consist; and upon the Attendance of the Officer of Excise all such Paper shall be produced to him enclosed in the original Wrappers in which the same was charged with Duty, with the respective Labels thereon, and the several Matters herein-before prescribed to be marked, written, or printed and stamped on such Labels and Wrappers remaining thereon; and such chief Manager of the Press shall provide sufficient Scales and Weights, and shall permit and assist such Officer to use the same, and to ascertain the Weight of such Paper; and within One Month after the whole of such Edition shall have been printed off such chief Manager shall give to the proper Officer of Excise Forty-eight Hours Notice in Writing, specifying a Day and Hour when such Edition will be ready to be produced to him, and thereupon such Officer shall attend and examine and weigh the whole of such Edition unbound and in Sheets, and thereupon give to such chief Manager a Certificate of his having so done, specifying the Name of the Book, the Size thereof, the Number of Copies of which the Edition consists, and the Weight of the Paper on which it is printed; but if such Weight shall exceed the Weight of the Paper taken account of by the Officer previous to the Printing, such last-mentioned Weight shall be inserted in the Certificate, and the Allowance shall be made for no more.

s. 45. “And be it enacted, That the Chief Manager of the Press in the said Universities respectively shall make and subscribe at the Foot or on the Back of such Certificate as aforesaid, before the Vice Chancellor, Principal, or Rector or Provost of the University respectively, a Declaration in Writing setting forth that the whole of the Edition of the Book so printed was and is printed for the University for which the same expresses to be printed, and that no Bookseller or other Person had or hath any Share or Interest therein, or in the Allowance payable in respect of the Paper on which the same was or is printed.

s. 46. “And be it enacted, That the Allowance of the Duty on Paper used in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and in the University of Trinity College, Dublin, or used by the Queen’s Printers in England, Scotland, or Ireland respectively, in the printing of Bibles, Testaments, Psalm Books, Books of Common Prayer of the Church of England, the Book commonly known in Scotland by the Name of ‘The Confession of Faith,’ or the Larger or Shorter Catechism of the Church of Scotland, shall be made and allowed in manner following; (that is to say,) the chief Manager of the Press of such Universities respectively, or such Queen’s Printers respectively, shall, Forty-eight Hours before any such Paper is begun to be prepared for printing, give to the proper Officer of Excise a Notice in Writing of the Intention to print such Paper, specifying in such Notice the Number of Reams of Paper so intended to be printed, and whether the same is to be printed for Bibles, Testaments, Psalm Books, Common Prayer Books, Books of Confession of Faith, or the Larger or Shorter Catechism, of what Size the intended Impression or Edition of such Book is to be, and of how many Copies the same is to consist; and all the Paper intended to be used shall, on the Attendance of the Officer of Excise, be produced to him enclosed in the original Wrappers in which the same was charged with Duty, with the respective Labels thereon, and the several Matters herein-before prescribed to be marked, written, or printed and stamped on such Labels and Wrappers remaining thereon; and such chief Managers and Queen’s Printers respectively shall provide good and sufficient Scales and Weights, and shall permit and assist the Officer of Excise to use the same, and to ascertain and take an Account of the true Quantity and Weight of such Paper; and such chief Managers of the Press and such Queen’s Printers respectively shall, within One Month after the whole of such Impression or Edition shall have been printed off and finished, give to the proper Officer of Excise Forty-eight Hours Notice thereof in Writing, specifying a Day and Hour when such Impression or Edition will be ready to be produced to him, and thereupon such Officer of Excise shall attend, and inspect, examine, and weigh the whole of such Edition unbound and in Sheets, and shall thereupon give and deliver to such chief Manager of the Press or Queen’s Printer, as the Case may be, a Certificate in Writing of his having so done, specifying therein the Name of the Book, together with the Size thereof, and the Number of Copies of which such Impression or Edition consists, and the Weight of the Paper on which the same is printed; but if such Weight shall exceed the Weight of the Paper actually produced to and taken account of by the Officer of Excise previous to the printing thereof as aforesaid, then and in such Case such last mentioned Weight shall be inserted in such Certificate, and the Allowance shall be made for no greater Weight than the Weight specified in such Certificate.

s. 47. “And be it enacted, That the chief Manager of the Press in the said Universities respectively shall make and subscribe, at the Foot or on the Back of such Certificate, before the Vice Chancellor or Provost of the University, a Declaration in Writing setting forth that no Drawback or Allowance has been before granted or paid on such Paper, and that the whole of the Edition of such Book so printed is printed for the University for which the same expresses to be printed, and that no Bookseller or other Person had or hath any Share or Interest therein, or in the Allowance payable in respect of the Paper on which the same is printed; and the Queen’s Printers in England, Scotland, and Ireland respectively, or the acting Patentee in such Office, shall make and subscribe, at the Foot or on the Back of such Certificate, before the Commissioners of Excise, or such Person as the Commissioners of Excise shall direct and appoint to receive the same, a Declaration in Writing setting forth that no Drawback or Allowance has been before claimed or paid for or in respect of the Paper mentioned in such Certificate, or any Part thereof, and that the whole of such Impression or Edition of such Bible, Testament, Psalm Book, Book of Common Prayer, Confession of Faith, or Larger or Shorter Catechism, has been printed by him or them at his or their usual and ordinary Printing House, on his or their own Account, under and by virtue of the exclusive Patent or Privilege belonging to him or them as such Queen’s Printer, and for his or their sole and entire Benefit, Profit, Emolument, and Advantage.

s. 48. “And be it enacted, That on the said Certificates respectively, with such Declaration as aforesaid made and subscribed thereon, being produced to the Commissioners of Excise, the said Commissioners shall and they are hereby required, on being satisfied of the Correctness thereof, to cause Payment of the Amount of the Allowance appearing by such Certificate to be due to be made to the chief Manager of the Press of the said Universities respectively, or to such Person as the Vice Chancellor, Principal, or Rector or Provost of the said Universities respectively shall appoint to receive the same, or to such Queen’s Printer by whom or on whose Behalf such Certificate shall be produced, as the Case may be.

s. 49. “And be it enacted, That no such Allowance shall be granted or paid on any Book in the Latin, Greek, or Oriental or Northern Languages, unless such Book shall be wholly printed in the Latin, Greek, Oriental or Northern Languages, as the Case may be: Provided always, that it shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, if they shall see fit, to direct such Allowance to be made and granted on any Book partly in the Latin, Greek, or Oriental or Northern Languages, and partly in the English or any other Language.

s. 50. “And be it enacted, That every House, Office, or Place heretofore approved of or which may hereafter be approved of by the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, in which the Queen’s Printers in England, Scotland, and Ireland respectively shall have printed or may hereafter print, by themselves or their own bonâ fide Agents, and not by others, and for their own sole and undivided Interest, the whole of any Impression or Edition of any Bible, Testament, Psalm Book, Book of Common Prayer, Confession of Faith, or Larger or Shorter Catechism, shall be deemed and taken to be an ordinary and usual Printing House of such Queen’s Printer within the Meaning of this Act for entitling such Queen’s Printer to the Allowances aforesaid.”

s. 52. “And be it enacted, That every Person intending to export any Paper, or any Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, as Merchandize, and to obtain the Drawback thereon, shall give Twelve Hours Notice of his Intention to the Officer of Excise who shall be appointed by the Commissioners of Excise for that Purpose, specifying in such Notice the Time and Place when and where and the Person on whose Account such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, is or are intended to be packed; and such Notice having been given, an Officer of Excise shall attend at the Time and Place specified, and all the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, intended to be exported, shall be produced to him, and in the Case of Paper (except Paper printed, painted, or stained, or out and gilded, as herein-after mentioned), Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, the same shall be produced in the original Wrappers in which the same was charged with Duty, with the Labels, having printed or written, marked and stamped thereon, the several Particulars required by this Act; and such Officer shall examine the same, and shall cancel, obliterate, or destroy every such Label, and the Impressions of the Duty Stamp on each Ream, Half Beam, or Parcel; and such Officer shall weigh and take an Account of all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, as shall be produced to him, or, in the Case of Paper printed, painted, or stained, shall measure and take an Account of the Number of Square Yards thereof; and all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, shall be packed in the Presence of the Officer of Excise, and the Packages containing the same shall be marked with the true Weight thereof in the Presence of such Officer, and shall be secured with such Fastenings, and sealed with such Seals or Marks, by such Officer, as the Commissioners of Excise shall direct; and every such Officer shall make out an Account of the Quantities and Kinds and Weight, or, in the Case of Paper printed, painted, or stained, of the Number of Square Yards, of all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, as shall be produced to him and be packed in his Presence, and shall make a Return thereof to the Export Officer of Excise, or Officer acting as Export Officer, at the Port of Exportation: Provided always, that if the Person giving such Packing Notice shall not begin and proceed to pack up all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, at the Time mentioned therein, such Notice shall be null and void, and a like fresh Notice shall be required before the packing up the same or any Part thereof.

s. 53. “And be it enacted, That if any Person shall put or place any heavy Substance, or other Matter than Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, except the Materials necessarily used in packing the same, in any Cask, Box, Chest, or Package containing Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, packing or packed for Exportation, or shall pack in any Cask, Box, Chest, or Package any other Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, or other Substance or Article, (except as aforesaid,) than the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, produced to the Officer as to be packed and exported, or shall, by any Art, Contrivance, or Device, prevent, hinder, or deceive any Officer of Excise from or in taking a true Account of the Kind or Weight (or, in the Case of Paper printed, painted, or stained, the Measure) of the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, packed or produced to be packed, such Person shall forfeit Two hundred Pounds, and every such Cask, Box, Chest, or Package, with the Contents thereof, shall be forfeited.

s. 54. “And be it enacted, That every Person who shall open any Cask, Box, Chest, or Package containing Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, which shall have been packed for Exportation, or shall wilfully destroy or deface any Seal or Mark of the Officer placed thereon, or damage any of the Fastenings thereof, and every Person who shall cut out, erase, obliterate, alter, or damage any Figure, Letter, or Mark cut, written, painted, branded, or made on any Cask, Box, Chest, or Package containing Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, for Exportation, expressing or denoting the Weight of such Cask, Box, Chest, or Package, or the Weight of the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, therein, or the Number thereof, shall forfeit One hundred Pounds, and every such Cask, Box, Chest, or Package, with the Contents thereof, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any Officer of Excise or Customs.

s. 55. “And be it enacted, That every Person intending to export any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, on Drawback, shall, by himself or his Agent, give to the Export Officer of Excise, or Officer acting as such, at the Port of Exportation, a Notice in Writing of his Intention to ship such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, Six Hours at least before such Shipment shall be made, in which Notice shall be specified the Number of Packages to be shipped, with the respective Marks and Numbers thereon, and the Quantity, Weight, and Kinds of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, in each Package, with the Amount of the Drawback claimed thereon, and the Value of the same for Home Consumption, and shall also specify the Quay or Place where the Packages are then lying, and from which the same are to be shipped, and the Time of Shipment, with the Name of the Ship and the Master thereof, and the Place or Port to which such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, is or are to be exported; and the Person so intending to export such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, shall also, by himself or his Agent, make a Declaration before the Export Officer of Excise, or Officer acting as such as aforesaid, that such Packages, and the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, contained therein, are the same described and set forth in the Account or Certificate of the Packing Officer, and that to the best of his Knowledge and Belief the full Duties of Excise have been charged and secured on such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or on the Paper on which such Books shall have been printed or ruled, and shall also give Bond, with One or more sufficient Surety or Sureties, to be approved of by the Officer appointed by the Commissioners of Excise to take such Bond, in Double the Value of the Drawback, conditioned that such Packages, with the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books therein, shall with all convenient Speed be shipped and exported, and shall not be unpacked in any Port or Harbour of the United Kingdom, nor unloaded, unshipped, or relanded, or put on board any other Ship or Vessel, in any Part of the United Kingdom, Shipwreck or other unavoidable Accident excepted; and such Notice having been given and such Declaration made as aforesaid, and such Security entered into, the Officer of Excise receiving the same shall write his Name upon the said Shipping Notice as a Certificate of the Requisites aforesaid having been complied with, and shall forward and transmit the said Notice, with his Name thereon, to the proper Officer of Customs at the Port whose Duty it may be to attend the shipping of such Goods.

s. 56. “And be it enacted, That all the said Packages, with the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books therein, shall, at the Time specified in the Notice for shipping the same, be produced to the proper Officer of Customs, who shall inspect and examine the same, and, being satisfied that they are the Packages specified in the Shipping Notice, shall see them shipped in his Presence, and certify such Shipment on the Shipping Notice, and return the same to the Export Officer of Excise, or Officer acting as such, and such Export Officer, having received back the said Notice, with the Certificate of Shipment thereon, shall deliver to the Exporter or his Agent a Debenture, in such Form and with such Particulars thereon as the Commissioners of Excise shall direct, for Payment of the Amount of Drawback at the Expiration of Six Weeks from the Time of Shipment.

s. 57. “Provided always, and be it enacted, That no Debenture shall be made out for the Payment of Drawback on any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, exported to Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or the Isle of Man, until a Certificate shall be produced of the due landing thereof under the Hand of the Chief Officer of Customs of the said Islands respectively.

s. 58. “And be it enacted, That in every Case where any such Notice for shipping any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, on Drawback, shall be given, it shall be lawful for the Officer of Customs to whom the Package or Packages containing such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, shall be produced for Shipment, and for any other Officer of Customs or of Excise, to open all or any of the Packages mentioned in such Notice, and to unpack and examine the Contents thereof; and if the same shall be found correct such Officer shall, at his own Expence, to be allowed him by the Commissioners of Customs or of Excise, as the Case may be, cause the same to be carefully repacked, and the respective Packages again secured and sealed; but if on such Examination any Package, or the Contents thereof, shall be found to vary in any Particular from the Description contained in the Shipping Notice, so that a higher or greater Sum than of right due shall have been claimed, or in case such Discovery had not been made would have, on the Exportation of such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, been deemed payable as Drawback, or Her Majesty in any respect defrauded therein, such Packages, and the Contents thereof, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any Officer of Excise or Customs, and the Exporter thereof shall forfeit Treble the Value of the Drawback sought to be obtained, or Two hundred Pounds, at the Election of the Commissioners of Excise.

s. 59. “And be it enacted, That no Drawback shall be allowed for or in respect of the Paper of any Books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental, or Northern Languages printed within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or the Universities of Scotland, or Trinity College, Dublin, by Permission of the Vice Chancellors or Principals or Provost of the same respectively, nor for or in respect of any Bibles, Testaments, Psalm Books, or Books of Common Prayer, Confession of Faith, or Larger or Shorter Catechism, printed in the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or Trinity College, Dublin, or by the Queen’s Printers in England, Scotland, or Ireland respectively, nor for or in respect of any other printed Books exported by any Person not being a Printer or Bookseller or Stationer, or which have ever been before sold to any Person not using or exercising the Trade or Business of a Printer or Bookseller or Stationer.”

s. 62. “And be it enacted, That every Person who shall produce to any Officer of Excise or Customs to be packed or shipped for Exportation on Drawback any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, not entitled to Drawback under the Provisions of this Act, or who shall pack or ship for Exportation on Drawback any such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, or any Articles, Matters, or Goods, other than the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, produced to the Officer of Excise to be packed, or who shall fraudulently remove, deposit, or conceal any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, with Intent unduly to obtain any Drawback, or any higher Amount of Drawback than he would otherwise be entitled to, shall, over and above all other Penalties which he may thereby incur, forfeit Treble the Amount of the Drawback sought to be obtained, or Two hundred Pounds, at the Election of the Commissioners of Excise, and all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, or Books, or other Articles, Matters, or Goods, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any Officer of Excise or Customs.

s. 63. “And be it enacted, That if any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall, by Fire or by the sinking, casting away of, or by any inevitable Accident happening to any Vessel or Barge in which such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall be transporting or have been transported from any Part of the United Kingdom to any other Part thereof, or on board of which such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been put for that Purpose, be wholly lost or destroyed, or so far damaged as to be worthless and only fit to be wholly destroyed, and no longer capable of Use as Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board unless re-manufactured and re-charged with Duty, it shall be lawful for the Maker of such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, being at the Time of such Loss or Damage the Proprietor or Owner thereof, to make Proof of such Loss or Damage, and of the Cause thereof, on the Oath or Oaths of One or more credible Witness or Witnesses, and of the Duty on such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board having been duly charged on and paid by such Maker, and that he was at the Time of such Loss or Damage the Proprietor or Owner thereof, before the Justices of the Peace at the Quarter Sessions for the County, Shire, Division, City, Town, or Place where such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been made and charged with Duty, or at or next adjoining to the Place where such Accident shall have taken place, or shall have been first discovered or made known to such Maker, or before the Commissioners of Excise, or any Three of them, if such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been made or charged with Duty, or such Accident shall have happened or been first discovered or made known to such Maker, within the Limits of the Chief Office of Excise; and such Justices at Quarter Sessions and Commissioners of Excise respectively shall and they are hereby required to examine any Witness or Witnesses thereupon upon Oath (which Oath they are hereby authorized to administer), and upon satisfactory Proof being made before them respectively that such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board had been so wholly lost and destroyed, or so far damaged as aforesaid, by any of the Causes respectively aforesaid, and that the Duties thereon had been duly charged and paid, and that such Maker was the Proprietor or Owner thereof at the Time of such Loss or Damage, to grant a Certificate thereof, and of the Amount of such Duties, under their respective Hands; and upon the Production of such Certificate to the Collector of Excise or other Officer acting as Collector of Excise of the Collection in which such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have been charged with Duty, such Collector or other Officer shall and he is hereby authorised and required to pay or allow to such Maker, out of any Monies arising from the Duties of Excise in his Hands, so much Money as the Sum specified in such Certificate for such Duties as aforesaid shall amount to.”