Part 2 — CHAPTER XXXIV SCULPTURE

The Main Article

The Britannica article Sculpture (Vol. 24, p. 488; equivalent to 90 pages of this Guide) is a complete treatise on the technique and history of this branch of art by J. H. Middleton, late professor of Fine Art, Cambridge, M. H. Spielmann, former editor of the Magazine of Art, P. G. Konody, art critic of the Observer and Daily Mail, and, for French sculpture, Léonce Bénédite, keeper of the Luxembourg Museum and author of Histoire des Beaux Arts. It is illustrated with 10 full page plates as follows: I and II. Medieval, etc., with examples of the work of Jacopo della Quercia, Donatello (2), Andrea Pisano, Michelangelo, Verrocchio and Leopardo, Luca della Robbia, Benvenuto Cellini, Peter Vischer, Bernini, Goujon, Canova, Houdon, Coysevox; III. IV. V. Modern British—Alfred Stevens, Sir George Frampton, Lord Leighton, Harry Bates, H. H. Armstead, G. F. Watts (2), A. Gilbert, F. W. Pomeroy, E. Onslow Ford, W. Hamo Thornycroft (2), Alfred Drury, F. Derwent Wood, Bertram Mackennal, Albert Toft, Havard Thomas, W. Goscombe John, W. R. Colton (2), Sir Charles Lawes-Wittewronge, Sir J. Edgar Boehm, Thomas Brock; VI. American—J. Q. A. Ward, D. C. French and E. 199C. Potter, Augustus St. Gaudens, Frederick MacMonnies; VII. VIII. and IX. Modern French—Falguière, Barrias, Delaplanche, Idrac, Becquer, L. Gérôme, Marqueste, Longepied, Frémiet, Guillaume, Puech, Saint-Marceaux, Mercié, Rodin, Michel, Dalou, Aubé, Chapu, Bloche, Gardet, Bartholomé; and X. Other Foreign Countries—Sinding, Begas, Ximenes, Querol, Antokolski, Lambeaux, Meunier.

Other General Articles

This article opens with an account of technical methods of sculpture which should be supplemented by other articles, which deal also with history and criticism: Wood-Carving (Vols. 28, p. 791), by Franklyn Arden Crallan, author of Gothic Wood-carving, with four plates and with descriptions not merely of Gothic and Renaissance work in Europe, but of Coptic, Mahommedan, Persian, Indian and Burmese, Chinese and Japanese, and the carving done by savage races; Ivory (Vol. 15, especially pp. 95–98, with 5 illustrations), by A. Maskell, author of Ivories; Chryselephantine; Metal-Work (Vol. 18, p. 205), (with 9 text cuts and 2 full page plates), by Prof. J. H. Middleton, Cambridge, and John Starkie Gardner, author of Armour in England and Iron Work; Gem (Vol. 11, p. 560; with 2 full page plates containing 76 illustrations, mostly of antique gems, besides 10 cuts in the text) by Alexander Stuart Murray, author of History of Greek Sculpture, Terra Cotta Sarcophagi, etc., and Arthur Hamilton Smith, keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum; Cameo; Intaglio; Seals (Vol. 24, p. 539; with 9 illustrations), by Sir E. Maunde Thompson, late director British Museum; Numismatics (Vol. 19, p. 869; equivalent to 120 pages of this Guide; with 6 plates—20 Greek coins, 27 Greek and Roman coins, 23 Roman and Medieval coins, 22 Oriental coins, 8 modern coins and medals, and 4 Italian medals—and 11 cuts illustrating modern coins) by Reginald Stuart Poole, formerly keeper department coins and medals, British Museum, Herbert Appold Grueber, keeper of the same department in 1906–1912, and George Francis Hill, assistant keeper of this department; Medal (Vol. 18, especially pp. 1 and 2, with 2 plates, showing 32 medals), by M. H. Spielmann; Terra Cotta (Vol. 26, p. 652, with 2 plates, 12 illustrations), by William Burton, author of English Stoneware and Earthenware and H. Beauchamp Walters, assistant keeper Greek and Roman antiquities, British Museum; Plate (Vol. 21, p. 789; with 31 illustrations), by H. R. H. Hall, author of The Oldest Civilization of Greece, H. Stuart Jones, author of The Roman Empire, and E. Alfred Jones, author of Old English Gold Plate, etc.; Alto-relievo; Basso-Relievo; Relief and Repoussé, by M. H. Spielmann; Wax Figures; Effigies, Monumental, by the late Charles Boutell, author of A Manual of British Archaeology, and M. H. Spielmann.

History of Sculpture

Early sculpture is separately treated. For “Classical” sculpture see the articles Greek Art by Percy Gardner and Roman Art by H. Stuart Jones, both elaborately illustrated and devoting particular attention to statuary, plate; etc. See also the illustrations in the articles mentioned in the last paragraph,—especially Gem, Numismatics, Terra Cotta; and those in the article Architecture and subsidiary articles mentioned in the chapter of this Guide For the Architect. And on Greek art see the article Pergamum and the sketches of the great sculptors of Greece:

Agasias

Agesander

Agoracritus

Alcamenes

Antenor

Apollonius of Tralles200 Archermus

Bathycles

Boethus

Bryaxis

Bupalus and Athenis

Butades

Calamis

Callimachus

Canachus

Cephisodotus

Chares

Cresilas

Critius and Nesiotes

Damophon

Demetrius

Dipoenus and Scyllis

Endoeus

Eutychides

Leochares

Lysippus

Lysistratus

Myron

Onatas

Paeonius

Pasiteles

Pheidias

Polyclitus

Praxias and Androsthenes

Praxiteles

Rhoecus

Scopas

Silanion

Strongylion

Thrasymedes

Timotheus

See also the article Byzantine Art; and for sculpture elsewhere the sections Art in the articles Egypt, China, Japan.

Medieval

For medieval sculpture, almost entirely an adjunct to architecture and particularly ecclesiastical architecture, see, besides the treatment in the historical part of the article Sculpture (pp. 490–496), the articles Architecture and Effigies, Monumental, comparing with the latter the article Brasses, Monumental (with 13 illustrations).

Renaissance

The close of the medieval period and the beginning of the more individualistic Renaissance are marked by the occurrence of the names of great individual artists, whose biographies are the best summary of the sculpture of the period.

See on Italy: the articles Niccola Pisano (Vol. 20, p. 648); Vittore Pisano (Vol. 20, p. 649); Andrea Pisano (Vol. 20, p. 647) and the article immediately following on his son, Giovanni Pisano; each of these four with an illustration; Vittore Pisano or Pisanello; Agostino and Agnolo da Siena (Vol. 1, p. 381); Orcagna, “the last great master of the Gothic period,” by J. H. Middleton; Della Quercia, who “heralds ... the boldest and most original achievements of two generations hence,” by E. T. Strange, assistant keeper, South Kensington; Ghiberti, “the first of the great sculptors of the Renaissance”; Donatello, by P. G Konody; Michelozzo; Della Robbia family (with 3 illustrations), by J. H. Middleton and William Burton, author of English Stoneware and Earthenware; Leonardo, by Sir Sidney Colvin; Verrocchio, by J. H. Middleton; Leopardo; Pollaiuolo; Michelangelo, by Sir Sidney Colvin; Bandinelli; Ammanati; and in the 16th century period of decline Giovanni da Bologna, Lombardo family, Cellini, by W. M. Rossetti and E. Alfred Jones, author of Old English Gold Plate, etc.

On the Renaissance in France: Jean Goujon, Sarrazin.

—In Germany: Veit Stoss, Adam Krafft, the Vischers.

—In England: the Italian Torrigiano.

—In Spain: Alonzo Cano, Montañes, Pedro de Mena, Zarcillo.

17th and 18th Century

Some of the names just mentioned are those of 17th century artists. But the rococo character of the period is best seen in Italy: see the articles Bernini, Algardi, and, for France, Girardon 201and Puget. With the 18th century came a classical revival for which the great names are Canova and Thorwaldsen: see the articles on these sculptors, that on Canova being by W. M. Rossetti. See also the articles on Thorwaldsen’s followers, Sergel, Byström and Fogelberg. The more important articles on French sculpture in this period are Pigalle and Houdon, the latter known to Americans by his portraits of our Revolutionary worthies. For English sculpture in the 17th and 18th centuries see: Nicholas Stone, Roubiliac, by M. H. Spielmann, Scheemakers, Nollekens, John Bacon, and, possibly most important, John Flaxman, by Sir Sidney Colvin. For Germany: Andreas Schlüter.

19th Century and Modern Schools

On the 19th century in Germany see the articles: Schadow, Rauch, Rietschel, Dannecker, Schwanthaler, and marking a sharp reaction, Reinhold Begas, and the younger men, known also as painters, Franz Stuck and Max Klinger.

On modern British sculpture see the articles: John Gibson, E. H. Baily, Thomas Banks, Sir Richard Westmacott, and Alfred Stevens; and, for the last thirty years, Jules Dalou, Lord Leighton, better known as a painter, E. Onslow Ford and Alfred Gilbert, the most influential and important factors in the awakening, and Thomas Woolner, Marochetti, Sir Edwin Landseer, Sir J. E. Boehm, J. H. Foley, H. H. Armstead, Thomas Brock, W. Hamo Thornycroft, John M. Swan, Harry Bates, G. F. Watts. Scores of others are criticized and their work summarized on pp. 501–508 in the article Sculpture.

France

The 19th century in France opened with a pseudo-Roman school, and among the names of this period are Pradier, Rude, P. J. David, Etex, and Carpeaux and Barye, by Henri Frantz, who mark a transition. For the more modern period see Guillaume, Dubois, Falguière, Mercié, Frémiet, Gustave Crauck, Dalou, Rodin.

Other European Countries

In addition to the discussion of modern Belgian sculptors in the section on Belgium of the article Sculpture there are separate articles on Paul de Vigne, Van der Stappen, Jef Lambeaux, Julien Dillens, and Constantin Meunier. For Italian sculpture in the 19th century see Bartolini, and the summary in the article Sculpture (Vol. 24, p. 513). Separate articles on Spanish sculptors are Jose Alvarez and Manuel Alvarez.

American Sculpture

In the United States there was little sculpture of native origin, and virtually none of the slightest merit, before the 19th century. The following list of articles in rough chronological order will supplement the outline in the article Sculpture (Vol. 24, p. 516): Horatio Greenough, Hiram Powers, Thomas Crawford, Henry Kirke Brown, William Rimmer, E. D. Palmer, Thomas Ball, L. W. Volk, Harriet G. Hosmer, J. Q. A. Ward, Launt Thompson, Larkin G. Mead, G. E. Bissell, Olin L. Warner, W. R. O’Donovan, Jonathan S. Hartley, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, D. C. French, J. J. Boyle, C. H. Niehaus, Lorado Taft, W. O. Partridge, Cyrus E. Dallin, A. P. Proctor, Charles Grafly, F. W. MacMonnies, George Gray Barnard, P. W. Bartlett, Hermon A. MacNeil, Karl Bitter, Borglum.

Summary

This chapter, and the one before, outline courses on these arts in the Britannica, but there are many articles on these topics to which no reference has been made in these pages. It may, therefore, be interesting 202to the student of these forms of art to have before him a list, fairly complete, of articles in the Britannica dealing with painting and sculpture. The following is such a list in alphabetical arrangement. The student should remember that the absence from the list—or from any similar list in the Guide—of a topic on which he wishes information does not mean that there is no information on the subject in the Britannica, but merely that there may be no separate article on the subject. In such cases let him turn to the general index (Vol. 29).

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES DEALING WITH THE FINE ARTS

Abati, N.

Abbey, E. A.

Abildgaard, N. A.

Achenbach, Andreas

Acroliths

Adam, L. S.

Adams, Herbert

Aertszen, Pieter

Aetion

Agasias

Agatharchus

Ageladas

Agesander

Agoracritus

Agostino and Agnolo da Siena

Agricola, C. L.

Aikman, William

Albani, Francesco

Albertinelli Mariotto

Alcamenes

Aldegrever, Heinrich

Alexander, Francis

Alexander, John White

Alfani, Domenico

Algardi, Alessandro

Allan, David

Allan, Sir William

Allori, Alessandro

Allston, Washington

Alma-Tadema, Sir L.

Altdorfer, Albrecht

Alto-Relievo

Alvarez, Don José

Alvarez, Don Manuel

Amalteo, Pomponio

Amman, Jost

Ammanati, Bartolomeo

Amsler, Samuel

Andrea del Sarto

Andreani, Andrea

Andrieu, Bertrand

Angelico, Fra

Anguier, François and Michel

Angussola, Sophonisba

Anichini, Luigi

Anna, Baldasarre

Ansdell, Richard

Antenor

Antiphilus

Antonello da Messina

Apelles

Apollodorus

Apollonius of Tralles

Appiani, Andrea

Aquarelle

Aquatint

Archermus

Aristides of Thebes

Armstead, H. H.

Asper, Hans

Asselyn, Hans

Audran (family)

Bacon, John

Backhuysen, Ludolf

Badalocchio, Sisto

Baer, William Jacob

Bagnacavallo, B.

Baily, E. H.

Baldinucci, Filippo

Baldovinetti, Alessio

Ball, Thomas

Bandinelli, B.

Banks, Thomas

Barbieri, G. F.

Barbizon

Barnard, G. G.

Barocci, Federigo

Barry, James

Bartels, Hans von

Bartlett, P. W.

Bartolini, Lorenzo

Bartolommeo di Pagholo, Fra

Bartolozzi, Francesco

Barye, A. L.

Bassano, Jacopo da Ponte

Basso-Relievo

Bastien-Lepage, Jules

Bates, Harry

Bathycles

Batoni, P. G.

Baudry, P. J. A.

Beard, William H.

Beardsley, Aubrey V.

Beaux, Cecilia

Beccafumi, Domenico di Pace

Becerra, Gaspar

Beck, David

Beckwith, J. C.

Beechey, Sir William

Begas, Karl

Begas, Reinhold

Bellini (family)

Bellows, Albert F.

Benlliure y Gil, José

Benson, F. W.

Berchem, Nicolaas

Bernini, G. L.

Besnard, P. A.

Beverley, W. R.

Bewick, Thomas

Bierstadt, Albert

Bissell, G. E.

Bitter, K. T. F.

Blackburn, Jonathan

Blake, William

Blakelock, R. A.

Blanche, J. E.

Blashfield, E. H.

Bloemaert, Abraham

Bloemen, J. F. van

Blum, R. F.

Böcklin, Arnold

Boehm, Sir J. E.

Boethus

Bologna, Giovanni

Bone, Henry

Bonfigli, Benedetto

Bonheur, Rosa

Bonnat, L. J. F.

Bordone, Paris

Borglum, S. H.

Borgognone, Ambrogio

Bosch, Jerom

Bossi, Giuseppe

Botticelli, Sandro

Bouchardon, Edme

Boudin, François

Boudin, Eugène

Boughton, G. H.

Bouguereau, A. W.

Boulanger (family)

Boulogne

Boursse, Esaias

Boyle, John J.

Bracquemond, Felix

Bradford, William

Braekeleer, H. J. A. de

Brangwyn, Frank

Brascassat, J. R.

Bredael, J. F. van

Breton, Jules A. A. L.

Breughel, Pieter

Bridgman, F. A.

Brierly, Sir O. W.

Bril, Paul

Briosco, Andrea

Brock, Thomas

Bronzino, Il

Brough, Robert

Brouwer, Adrian

Brown, Ford Madox

Brown, Henry Kirke

Brown, John George

Browne, Hablôt Knight

Brush, G. de Forest

Bry, T. (Dirk) de

Bryaxis

Bunbury, H. W.

Bupalus and Athenis

Burckhardt, Jakob

Burgkmair, Hans

Burne-Jones, Sir E. B.

Burton, Sir F. W.

Busch, Wilhelm

Butadeo

Byström, Johan Niklas

Cabanel, Alexandre

Calamis

Calcar (Kalcker), de

Caldecott, Randolph

Callcott, Sir A. W.

Callimachus

Callot, Jacques

Calvart, Denis

Calvert (3 artists)

Cambiasi, Luca

Camphausen, Wilhelm

Camphuysen, D. R.

Campi, Guilio

Camuccini, Vincenzo

Canachus

Canale, A. (Canaletto)

Canini, G. A.

Cano, Alonzo

Canova, Antonio

Cantarini, Simone

Caracci, Lodovico, Agostino and Annibale

Caran d’Ache

Caravaggio, M. A. da

Caravaggio, P. C. da

Carducci, Bartolommeo

Caricature

Carolus-Duran

Carpaccio, Vittorio

203Carpeaux, J. B.

Carpi, Girolamo da

Carpi, Ugo da

Carstens, A. J.

Cartoon

Carving

Cassana, Niccolo

Castagno, Andrea del

Castello, Bernardo

Castello, G. B.

Castello, Valerio

Castiglione, G. B.

Cattermole, George

Cavallini, Pietro

Cavedone, Jacopo

Cazin, J. C.

Cephisodotus

Cesari, Giuseppe

Cespedes, Pablo de

Chalmers, G. P.

Chambers, George

Champaigne, Philippe de

Chantrey, Sir F. L.

Chardin, J. S.

Chares

Charlet, N. T.

Chase, W. M.

Chassériau, Theodore

Chiaroscuro

Chodowiecki, D. N.

Chryselephantine

Church, F. E.

Cibber, C. G.

Cicognara, Count Leopoldo

Cignani, Carlo

Cigoli, L. C. da

Cimabue, Giovanni

Cimon of Cleonae

Cipriani, G. B.

Civerchio, Vincenzo

Clarke, T. S.

Claude of Lorraine

Clausen, George

Clays, Paul Jean

Clouet, François

Clouet, Jean

Clovio, G. G.

Cockx, Hieronymus

Coello, A. S.

Cole, Thomas

Cole, Timothy

Cole, Vicat

Colin, Alexandre

Collaert, Hans

Collins, William

Colman, Samuel

Colman, Sidney

Conca, Sebastiano

Conder, Charles

Constable, John

Constant, Benjamin

Conway, Sir W. Martin

Cooper, Abraham

Cooper, Alexander

Cooper, Samuel

Cooper, Thomas Sidney

Copley, John Singleton

Coques (Cocx), Gonzales

Corenzio, Belisario

Cormon, Fernand

Cornelius, P. von

Corot, J. B. C.

Correggio

Cort, Cornelius

Costa, Giovanni

Costa, Lorenzo

Cosway, Richard

Cotman, J. S.

Cottet, Charles

Courbet, Gustave

Courtois, Jacques and Guillaume

Cousin, Jean

Cousins, Samuel

Coustou (family)

Couture, Thomas

Cox, David

Cox, Kenyon

Coxcie, Michael

Coypel

Coysevox, C. A.

Cranach, Lucas

Crane, Walter

Crauck, Gustave

Crawford, Thomas

Crayer, Gaspard de

Crayon

Credi, Lorenzo di

Cresilas

Crespi, Daniele

Crespi, Giovanni B.

Crespi, Giuseppe M.

Creswick, Thomas

Critius and Nesiotes

Crivelli, Carlo

Crome, John

Cropsey, J. F.

Crowe, Sir J. A.

Cruikshank, George

Cuyp

Dahl, Hans

Dahl, J. C.

Dahl, Michael

Dallin, Cyrus E.

Dalou, Jules

Damophon

Danby, Francis

Daniell, Thomas

Dannat, William T.

Dannecker, J. H. von

Daubigny, C. F.

Daumier, Honoré

David, Gerard

David, J. L.

David, Pierre Jean

Davis, C. H.

Davis, H. W. B.

De Camp, Joseph

Decamps, A. G.

Degas, H. G. E.

De Haas, M. F. H.

De Keyser, Thomas

Delacroix, F. V. E.

Delaroche, H. (Paul)

Delaunay, Elie

Della Bella, Stefano

Della Colle, Raffaellino

Della Quercia, Jacopo

Della Robbia

De Loutherbourg, P. J.

Demetrius

Desiderio da Settignano

Detaille, J. B. E.

Dewing, T. W.

De Wint, Peter

Diamante, Fra

Diaz, N. V.

Dielmann, Frederick

Diepenbeck, A. van

Dies, C. A.

Dietrich, C. W. E.

Dillens, Julien

Dipoenus and Scyllis

Dobson, William

Dolci, Carlo

Domenichino, Zampieri

Donatello

Doré, L. A. Gustave

Douw, Gerhard

Downman, John

Doyen, G. F.

Doyle, Richard

Drawing

Drouais, J. G.

Dubois, Paul

Du Maurier, G. L. P. B.

Dumont (family)

Dumont, François

Duncan, Thomas

Dupré, Jules

Durand, Asher Brown

Dürer, Albrecht

Duveneck, Frank

Dyce, William

Eakins, Thomas

Earle, Ralph

Earlom, Richard

East, Alfred

Eastlake, Sir C. L.

Eaton, Wyatt

Eckersberg, Kristoffer

Edelinck, Gerard

Eeckhout, G. van den

Effigies, Monumental

Egg, A. L.

Encaustic Painting

Endoeus

Engleheart, George

Engraving

Enneking, J. J.

Etching

Etex, Antoine

Etty, William

Euphranor

Euphronius

Eupompus

Eutychides

Everdingen, Allart van

Eyck, Van

Faed, Thomas

Faithorne, William

Falcone, Aniello

Falconet, E. M.

Falguière, J. A. J.

Fantin-Latour, I. H. T.

Farinato, Paolo

Feltre, Morto da

Fernow, K. L.

Ferrari, Gaudenzio

Ferri, Ciro

Feuerbach, Anselm

Fielding, A. V. Copley

Fildes, Sir Luke

Finden, William

Fiorenzo di Lorenzo

Fiorillo, J. D.

Fisher, Alvan

Flandrin, J. Hippolyte

Flaxman, John

Flinck, Govert

Floris, Frans

Fontana, Lavinia

Fontana, Prospero

Fogelberg, B. E.

Foley, J. H.

Foppa, Vincenzo

Forain, J. L.

Ford, E. Onslow

Forster, François

Fortuny, M. J. M. B.

Foster, M. Birket

Foucquet, Jean

Fragonard, J. H.

Français, F. L.

Franceschi, Piero de’

Franceschini, Baldassare

Francia

Franciabigio

Franck

Francken (family)

Frèmiet, Emmanuel

French, Daniel C.

Frère, P. E.

Fresco

Fresnoy, C. A. du

Frith, W. P.

Fromentin, Eugène

Frost, W. E.

Fruytiers, Philip

Führich, Joseph von

Fuller, George

Furniss, Harry

Furse, C. W.

Fuseli, Henry

Fyt, Johannes

Gaddi (family)

Gainsborough, Thomas

Gallait, Louis

Gauermann, Friedrich

Gaul, G. W.

Gavarni

Gay, Walter

Geddes, Andrew

Geikie, Walter

Genelli, G. B.

Genga, Girolamo

Gentile da Fabriano

204Gentileschi, Artemisia and Orazio de’

Gérard, Baron F.

Gérard, J. I. I.

Géricault, J. L. A. T.

Gérôme, Jean Léon

Gervex, Henri

Ghiberti, Lorenzo

Ghirlandajo, Domenico

Ghirlandajo, Ridolfo

Gibson, C. Dana

Gibson, John

Gibson, W. H.

Gifford, R. S.

Gifford, S. R.

Gilbert, Alfred

Gilbert, Sir John

Gillot, Claude

Gillray, James

Giordano, Luca

Giorgione

Giottino

Giotto

Girardon, François

Girodet de Roussy, A. L.

Girtin, Thomas

Giulio Romano

Giunta Pisano

Giusto da Guanto

Gleyre, M. C. G.

Goes, Hugo van der

Goldschmidt, Hermann

Goltzius, Hendrik

Gordon, Sir J. W.

Gouache

Goujon, Jean

Gould, Sir F. C.

Goya y Lucientes, F.

Goyen, J. J. Van

Gozzoli, Benozzo

Grafly, Charles

Granet, F. M.

Grant, Sir Francis

Gray, Henry Peters

Greco, El

Green, Valentine

Greenaway, Kate

Greenough, Horatio

Gregory, Edward John

Greuze, J. B.

Grimaldi, G. F.

Grisaille

Gros, Antoine Jean

Grün, Hans Baldung

Grünewald, Mathias

Guardi, Francesco

Guariento (Guerriero)

Guérin, J. B. P.

Guérin, P. N.

Guido of Siena

Guido Reni

Guillaume, J. B. C. E.

Guthrie, Sir James

Haag, Carl

Haden, Sir F. Seymour

Hals, Frans

Hamerton, P. G.

Hamon, Jean Louis

Harding, Chester

Harding, J. D.

Harpignies, Henri

Harrison, T. A.

Hart, William

Hartley, Jonathan S.

Harvey, Sir George

Hassam, Childe

Haydon, B. R.

Hayter, Sir George

Head, Sir E. W.

Healy, G. P. A.

Heda, Willem Claasz

Heem, Jan Davidsz van

Heemskerk, M. J.

Heim, F. J.

Helst, B. van der

Hemy, C. Napier

Hennequin, P. A.

Henner, J. J.

Henry, E. L.

Herkomer, Sir H. von

Herlen, Fritz

Herrera, Francisco

Hersent, Louis

Hess (family)

Heusch, Willem

Heyden, Jan van der

Hildebrandt, Eduard

Hildebrandt, Theodor

Hilliard, Lawrence

Hilliard, Nicholas

Hilton, William

Hiroshige

Hitchcock, George

Hobbema, Meyndert

Hoefnagel, Joris

Hogarth, William

Hokusai

Holbein, Hans (elder)

Holbein, Hans (younger)

Holl, Frank

Hollar, Wenzel

Holroyd, Sir Charles

Homer, Winslow

Hondecoeter, M. d’

Hone, Nathaniel

Honthorst, Gerard van

Hooch, Pieter de

Hoogstraten, S. D. van

Hook, James Clarke

Hoppner, John

Horsley, J. C.

Hoskins, John

Hosmer, Harriet G.

Hotho, Heinrich G.

Houbraken, Jacobus

Houdon, J. A.

Hovenden, Thomas

Huchtenburg (family)

Humphry, Ozias

Hunt, Alfred William

Hunt, William Henry

Hunt, William Holman

Hunt, William Morris

Huntington, Daniel

Hurlstone, F. Y.

Huysmans (family)

Huysum, Jan van

Illuminated MSS.

Illustration

Impressionism

Ingham, C. C.

Ingres, J. A. D.

Inman, Henry

Inness, George

Isabey, Jean Baptiste

Israëls, Josef

Ivory

Jackson, Mason

Jameson, George

Janssen, Cornelius

Janssens, V. H.

Janssens van Nuyssen, Abraham

Jarvis, J. W.

Joanes, Vicente

Johnson, Eastman

Jordaens, Jacob

Jouvenet, Jean

Kalckreuth, Leopold von

Kauffmann, Angelica

Kaulbach, Wilhelm von

Kay, John

Keene, C. S.

Keller, Albert

Kensett, J. F.

Khnopff, F. E. J. M.

Klinger, Max

Kneller, Sir Godfrey

Knight, D. R.

Knight, John Buxton

Koninck, Philip de

Korin, Ogata

Krafft, Adam

Kyosai, Sho-fu

Laer, Pieter van

La Farge, John

Lafosse, Charles de

Lagrenée, L. J. F.

Lahire, Laurent de

Lambeaux, Jef

Lancret, Nicolas

Landon, C. P.

Landseer, Sir E. H.

Lantara, S. M.

Lanzi, Luigi

Largillière, Nicolas

Lathrop, Francis

La Tour, Quentin de

Lavery, John

Lawrence, Sir Thomas

Lawson, Cecil Gordon

Leader, B. W.

Léandre, C. L.

Lear, Edward

LeBrun, Charles

Leech, John

Legros, Alphonse

Leighton, Baron Frederick

Lejeune, Baron L. F.

Lely, Sir Peter

Lemoyne, J. B.

Le Nain

Lenbach, Franz von

Leochares

Leonardo da Vinci

Leopardo, Alessandro

Leslie, C. R.

Le Sueur, Eustache

Leutze, Emanuel

Lewis, J. F.

Leys, Hendrik

Liebermann, Max

Limousin, Léonard

Line Engraving

Linnell, John

Linton, W. J.

Liotard, J. E.

Lippi

Lockwood, Wilton

Lombardo (family)

Longhi, Pietro

Lotto, Lorenzo

Low, Will Hicok

Lucas, J. Seymour

Leyden, Lucas van

Luini, Bernardino

Lysippus

Lysistratus

Mabuse, Jan

MacCulloch, Horatio

Macdonald, Lawrence

McEntee, Jervis

Maclise, Daniel

MacMonnies, F. W.

Macnee, Sir Daniel

MacNeil, Hermon A.

Madou, J. B.

Madrazo y Kunt, Don F. de

Maes, Nicolas

Makart, Hans

Mander, Carel van

Manet, Edouard

Manson, George

Mantegna, Andrea

Marcantonio

Maris, Jacob

Marochetti, Baron Carlo

Marr, Carl

Martin, Homer Dodge

Martin, John

Martini, Simone

Masaccio

Masolino da Panicale

Mason, G. H.

Matsys, Quintin

Mauve, Anton

May, Phil

Mead, Larkin G.

Meer, Jan van der

Meissonier, J. L. E.

Melanthius

Melchers, Gari

Melozzo da Forli

Melville, Arthur

Memling, Hans

Mena, Pedro de

205Mengs, Anthony Raphael

Menzel, A. F. E. von

Mercié, M. J. A.

Merian, Matthew

Méryon, Charles

Metcalf, W. L.

Metsu, Gabriel

Meulen, A. F. van der

Meunier, Constantin

Mezzotint

Michel, Claude

Michelangelo

Michelozzo di Bartolommeo

Micon

Mierevelt, M. J. van

Mieris (family)

Mignard, Pierre

Mignon, Abraham

Milanesi, Gaetano

Millais, Sir J. E.

Miller, William

Millet, Francis Davis

Millet (Milé), Jean François

Millet, Jean François

Miniature

Mino di Giovanni (da Fiesole)

Minor, Robert C.

Models, Artists’

Monet, Claude

Montañes, J. M.

Moore, Albert J.

Moore, Henry

Mora, José

Moran, Edward

Moran, Thomas

Moreau, Gustave

Morelli, Giovanni

Moretto, Il

Morghen, R. S.

Morland, George

Moro, Antonio

Moroni, Giambattista

Mosler, Henry

Mount, W. S.

Mowbray, H. S.

Müller, W. J.

Mulready, William

Munkacsy, Michael von

Murillo, B. E.

Murphy, John Francis

Murray, David

Muziano, Girolamo

Muzzioli, Giovanni

Myron

Nanteuil, Robert

Nasmyth, Alexander

Nast, Thomas

Nattier, J. M.

Navarrete, J. F.

Neal, D. D.

Neer, van der

Netscher, Gaspar

Neuville, Alphonse M. de

Newlyn

Niehaus, C. H.

Nicholson, William

Nicias

Nicomachus

Nollekens, Joseph

Northcote, James

Oberlander, A. A.

Ochtman, Leonard

O’Donovan, W. R.

Oliver, Isaac

Oliver, Peter

Onatas

Opie, John

Orcagna

Orchardson, Sir W. Q.

Orley, Bernard von

Ostade

Oudiné, E. A.

Overbeck, J. F.

Pacchia, Girolamo del, and Pacchiarotto, Jacopo

Pacheco, Francisco

Paeonius

Page, William

Painting

Pajou, Augustin

Palette

Palma, Jacopo

Palmer, E. D.

Palmer, Samuel

Palomino, de Castro y Velasco

Pamphilus

Panaenus

Panorama

Pareja, Juan de

Parmigiano

Parrhasius

Partridge, J. Bernard

Partridge, W. O.

Pasiteles

Pastel

Paton, Sir J. Noel

Paul Veronese

Pausias

Peale, C. W.

Peale, Rembrandt

Pearce, C. S.

Pennell, Joseph

Penni, Gianfrancesco

Perino del Vaga

Perkins, C. C.

Perugino, Pietro

Peruzzi, Baldassare

Petitot, Jean

Petitot, Jean Louis

Pettenkofen, A. von

Pettie, John

Pheidias

Phillip, John

Phillips, Thomas

Picknell, W. L.

Piero di Cosimo

Pigalle, J. B.

Piloty, Karl von

Pinturicchio

Pinwell, G. J.

Piranesi, G. B.

Pisano, Andrea

Pisano, Giovanni

Pisano, Niccola

Pisano, Vittore

Pissarro, Camille

Plimer, Andrew

Plimer, Nathaniel

Plumbago Drawings

Pollaiuolo (family)

Polyclitus

Polygnotus

Pontormo, Jacopo da

Poole, Paul Falconer

Pordenone, Il

Portaels, J. F.

Porter, B. C.

Portraiture

Poster

Potter, Paul

Poussin, Nicolas

Powers, Hiram

Poynter, Sir E. J.

Pradier, James

Pradilla, Francisco

Praxias and Androsthenes

Praxiteles

Predella

Preller, Friedrich

Prieur, Pierre

Prinsep, V. C.

Proctor, A. P.

Protogenes

Prout, Samuel

Prud’hon, Pierre

Puget, Pierre

Puvis de Chavannes

Pythagoras

Pyle, Howard

Raeburn, Sir Henry

Raffaellino del Garbo

Raffet, D. A. M.

Raimbach, Abraham

Ramsay, Allan

Ranger, H. W.

Raoux, Jean

Raphael Sanzio

Raven-Hill, Leonard

Rauch, C. D.

Redgrave, Richard

Regnault, Henri

Regnault, J. B.

Reid, Sir George

Reid, Robert

Reinhart, C. S.

Reinhart, J. C.

Relief

Rembrandt

Remington, Frederick

Renoir, F. A.

Repin, I. J.

Restout, Jean

Rethel, Alfred

Reynolds, Sir Joshua

Rhoecus

Ribera, Giuseppe

Ribot, Théodule

Ricard, L. G.

Ricciarelli, Daniele

Richards, W. T.

Richmond, Sir W. B.

Richter, A. L.

Rietschel, E. F. A.

Rigaud, Hyacinthe

Rimmer, William

Riviere, Briton

Robert, Hubert

Robert, L. L.

Robert-Fleury, J. N.

Roberts, David

Robinson, Theodore

Rodin, Auguste

Rogers, John

Roll, A. P.

Romney, George

Rops, Félicien

Rosa, Salvator

Rosenthal, T. E.

Rosselli, Cosimo

Rossellino, Antonio

Rossetti, D. G.

Roubiliac, L. F.

Rousseau, Jacques

Rousseau, P. E. T.

Rowlandson, Thomas

Rubens, Peter Paul

Rude, François

Runciman, Alexander

Russell, John

Ruysdael, Jacob van

Ryder, A. P.

Ryland, W. W.

Sacchi, Andrea

Saint-Gaudens, Augustus

Sambourne, E. Linley

Sandby, Paul

Sandrart, Joachim von

Sandys, Frederick

Sansovino, Andrea C. del Monte

Sansovino, Jacopo

Santerre, J. B.

Sargent, J. S.

Sarrazin, Jacques

Sartain, John

Satterlee, Walter

Sayer, James

Schadow

Schadow, J. G. and R.

Schalcken, Godfried

Scharf, Sir George

Scheemakers, Peter

Scheffer, Ary

Schetky, J. C.

Schiavonetti, Luigi

Schirmer, Friedrich W.

Schirmer, Johann W.

Schlüter, Andreas

Schnorr von Karolsfeld

Schongauer, Martin

Schreyer, Adolf

Schwanthaler, L. M.

Schwartze, Teresa

206Schwind, Moritz von

Scopas

Scott, David

Scott, William Bell

Sculpture

Sebastiano del Piombo

Seddon, Thomas

Segantini, Giovanni

Sequeira, D. A. de

Sergel, Johan Tobias

Severn, Joseph

Shannon, C. H.

Shannon, J. J.

Sharp, William

Shee, Sir M. A.

Sherwin, J. K.

Short, F. J.

Sigalon, Xavier

Signorelli, Luca

Silanion

Simon, Abraham

Simon, Thomas

Simmons, E. E.

Simson, William

Sisley, Alfred

Slodtz, René Michel

Smart, John

Smedley, W. T.

Smillie, J. D.

Smirke, Robert

Smith, Colvin

Smith, John Raphael

Smybert, John

Snyders, Franz

Sodoma, Il

Solario, Antonio

Sorolla y Bastida, J.

Spagna, Lo

Spinello, Aretino

Stanfield, W. C.

Stannard, Joseph

Stark, James

Steen, Jan Havicksz

Steer, P. Wilson

Stevens, Alfred

Stevens, Alfred

Stewart, Julius L.

Stillman, W. J.

Stone, Frank

Stone, Marcus

Stone, Nicholas

Stoss, Veit

Stothard, C. A.

Stothard, Thomas

Strang, William

Strange, Sir Robert

Strongylion

Stuart, Gilbert

Stuck, Franz

Subleyras, Pierre

Sully, Thomas

Swan, J. M.

Taft, Lorado

Tait, A. F.

Tanner, H. O.

Tarbell, Edmund C.

Tempera

Teniers (family)

Tenniel, Sir John

Ter Borch, Gerard

Terra Cotta

Thayer, Abbott H.

Theon of Samos

Thoma, Hans

Thompson, Launt

Thomson, John

Thornhill, Sir James

Thornycroft, W. Hamo

Thorwaldsen, Bertel

Thrasymedes

Tiepolo, G. B.

Tiffany, L. C.

Timanthes

Timomachus

Timotheus

Tintoretto

Tisio, Benvenuto

Tissot, J. J. J.

Titian

Torrigiano, Pietre

Triptych

Troy, J. F. de

Troyon, Constant

Trumbull, John

Tryon, D. W.

Turner, Charles

Turner, J. M. W.

Uhde, F. K. H. Von

Utamaro

Vanderlyn, John

Van der Stappen, C.

Van der Weyden, R.

Vandevelde, Adrian

Vandevelde, William

Van Dyck, Sir Anthony

Vanloo, C. A.

Vanloo, J. B.

Varley, Cornelius

Varley, John

Vasari, Giorgio

Vedder, Elihu

Veit, Philipp

Velazquez, D. R. de Silva y

Verboeckhoven, E. J.

Vereshchagin, V. V.

Verlat, M. M. C.

Vernet (family)

Verrocchio, Andrea del

Vertue, George

Vien, J. M.

Vierge, Daniel

Vigée-Lebrun, M. A. E.

Vigne, Paul de

Vincent, George

Vinton, F. P.

Vischer (family)

Vischer, F. T.

Vivarini (family)

Volk, L. W.

Vonnoh, R. W.

Vouet, Simon

Vrancx, Sebastian

Vriendt, J. J. de and A. F. L. de

Waagen, G. F.

Waldo, S. L.

Walker, Frederick

Walker, H. O.

Walker, Horatio

Walker, Robert

Wappers, E. C. G.

Ward, James

Ward, E. M.

Ward, J. Q. A.

Ward, William

Warner, Olin Levi

Waterhouse, J. W.

Waterlow, Sir E. A.

Watteau, Antoine

Watts, G. F.

Wauters, Emile

Wax Figures

Webster, Thomas

Weeks, E. L.

Weenix, J. B.

Weir, R. W.

Werner, A. A. von

West, Benjamin

Westall, Richard

Westmacott, Sir R.

Wheatley, Francis

Whistler, J. A. McN.

White, Robert

Wiles, I. R.

Wilkie, Sir David

Willems, F. J. M.

Willette, L. A.

Willmore, J. T.

Wilson, Richard

Wohlgemuth, Michael

Wolf, Joseph

Woodbury, C. H.

Wood Carving

Wood Engraving

Woollett, William

Woolner, Thomas

Wouwerman, Philip

Wright, Joseph

Wyant, A. H.

Wylie, Robert

Yosai

Zarcillo y Alcaraz, F.

Zeuxis

Ziem, F. F. G. P.

Zoffany, Johann

Zuccarelli, Francesco

Zuccaro, Taddeo

Zuccaro, Federigo

Zuloaga, Ignacio

Zurbaran, Francisco

207