THE KIOWA LANGUAGE (continued 2)

Pä´ya—see pä´gyă and Päsä´ngyä.

pe—sand.

Pe p'a—"sand river;" Smoky-hill river, Kansas.

Pe p'a edal—"great sand river;" Red river (of Texas and Indian Territory), so called both above and below the North fork.

Pe toñ—"sand spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, in Texas or New Mexico.

p'e´`gyä—they fell; p'e´`gya, it is falling (as rain, snow, or shower of meteors); t'o´dal p'e´daldä´to, it is snowing.

peñ—turkey; plural peñ´ko; peñ sän, quail, i. e., "little turkey."

Peñ p'a—"turkey creek." (1) A small southwestern branch of Elk creek (of North fork), in H county, Oklahoma; (2) a southern tributary of North fork of Red river, in Greer county, Oklahoma, beyond Mount Walsh.

penä—sugar, candy; it is the same in the Comanche language, from which the Kiowa may have adopted it.

Penä p'a—"sugar creek;" sugar creek on Wichita reservation; sometimes also called Do`gu´at p'a, "Wichita creek."

Pe´nätĕ´ka (Comanche)—see Ä´-gyai`ko.

pep—bush, tree; see also ä; gyäpe´`boñ, it is bushy or thickety.

Peyi—"Sand-child," from pe and i; a young Kiowa man who committed suicide in 1886—87.

piă—fire. Cf. piä.

piä—eating; food, pi´äñgya; I eat, gyä`pa´to. Cf. piă, gyäpa´ta, and gyäpä´to.

Piä-ki´adă—Christmas; literally, "eating day."

Pi´alai´bo—see Pi´ărai´bo.

Pi´alai´bo-de p'a—see O´nhon´oñ p'a.

Pi´änä´vonĭt (Comanche)—"Big-looking-glass;" a Comanche chief and delegate to Washington in 1892.

Pi´arai´bo (Comanche)—"Big-whiteman," from, piäp, big, and taivo, a white man; the Comanche name of interpreter E. L. Clarke, corrupted by the Kiowa to Pi´alai´bo.

pi'ăta´ñga—see guñse´to.

pi´ăya—summit, top.

Pi´ăya-do´-tse´dalte—see K`o´p-tai´-do´-tse´-dalte.

pi´cikŭt (Pawnee)—winter.

pi´ho´—peninsula, bend in a river or coast.

Pi´ho´—"peninsula;" a bend in the Washita a short distance below Walnut creek and the Wichita line. A favorite place for the Sun dance. See Summers 1839 and 1885.

Pĭ´semâ´i—see T'a`ka´-i-p'o´dal.

po—trap; spider web. Cf. p'o.

p'o—beaver. Cf. po.

P'o p'a—"beaver river;" (1) North Canadian river and its upper branch, Beaver creek, in Oklahoma; (2) Otter creek, branch of North fork, on the reservation; (3) Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

P'o p'a sän—"little beaver creek," Little Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

Po´băro—see Te´guăgo.

p'odal (plural, p'o´tă´)—worm, reptile, insect, snake; used for both creeping and flying insects, including flies, and occasionally for snakes, but not for turtles. For many insects they have no specific name.

P'o´dal-â´dalte—see Zoñ´tam.

P'o´dalä´ñte—"Coming-snake," from p'odal, ää, and te; a Kiowa warrior killed in Greer county, Oklahoma, in 1891. Abbreviated P'olä´ñte.

P'o´dalk`i´ägo or P'o´dalgyä´ko—see Gyai`ko.

p'o´dal(-tă)—spoiled, useless, deformed, split, as Ma´-p'o´dal, "split-nose."

po´dodal—a variety of bird.

Po´dodal(-te´)—a Kiowa warrior in 1879—80.

Poho´me—The Kiowa name of John Smith, a noted trader about 1860—1867, and Government interpreter for the Cheyenne, who called him Po´omûts, "Gray-blanket," or "Saddle-blanket," whence his Kiowa name.

poho´n-ä—walnut tree; poho´n-e, a walnut. A woman with her nose cut off, the former punishment for adultery, is called poho´nmä, plural poho´nma´imo, from the fancied resemblance of the mutilated nose to a split walnut. A man so disfigured would be called k`i´ñähyum.

Poho´n-ä p'a—"walnut creek;" Scout's creek, a tributary of North fork, near Fort Elliott, in the Texas panhandle.

P'oläñ´te—see P'o´dalä´ñte.

poläñ´yi—rabbit; plural, polä´ñyup; evidently connected with poli´ăkya, q. v., a pet name is tsä´nyi, plural, tsä´ñyui.

Polä´ñyi-kato´n—"Rabbit-shoulder;" a Kiowa calendar keeper, now dead.

Polä´ñyup—"Rabbits;" the lowest order of the Kiowa military organization; sometimes called Tsä´nyui, another word for "rabbits."

poli´ăkya—hare lip, split lip; Zo´n-poli´ăkya, a vacant place from which a tooth has been lost. Cf. polä´ñyi.

Poli´ăkya—"Harelip;" alias Ka´giätse´, "Thick-blanket," from kata and etse´ (?); the chief of the Kiowa at the time of the first alliance with the Comanche.

Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be (Comanche)—see Pu´iwito´yäbi.

Po´omûts (Cheyenne)—see Poho´me.

Po'-Sĭ´l—See Tso´`kadahä´gya.

po´to´ or po´tă´—a prong or branch; ä´po´to´, a forked pole, especially of the medicine lodge; a table fork is called gi´ă-tsoñ´i, "meat awl."

Pu´iwito´yäbi (Comanche)—"Iron-mountain;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be."

Quay-ham-kay—"Quay-ham-kay, The Stone Shell;" the name of a Kiowa warrior painted by Catlin in 1834, as given by the artist. It can not be identified. Cf. k`o´dali´ätoñ.

sa'bă—stingy.

Sa´bă—see Do´ho´n.

sabiñ´a—quiver; sometimes called ä´gobi´ĭmkâ´-i, "feather case." The quiver is made of panther skin, or of Mexican leather, never of deer or antelope skin.

sa´dal—(1) masticated food in the stomach, whence also intestine, belly (see also äti); (2) having, furnished with, in composition. Cf. Guñsa´dalte.

sä´dalgu´ăt—sweat-house, from sä´daltep.

sa´dalka´ñi—the manifold or stomach-rind of a buffalo or cow, from sadal and kañi.

Sa´dalkañi k`op—"manifold mountain;" the Black hills, South Dakota.

sa´dălso´mte—weasel; literally, "belly rubber, or dragger," from sadal and somta.

Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo—see Semät.

sä´daltep—sweat (noun).

Sad-dy-yo—see Sä´riyo.

sâ´he—blue, green; sâ´he-ko´ñkya, dark blue.

sai or saigya—winter, year; plural, säta (see page 366).

Saitkopeta, Paul—see Se´tk`o´pte.

Säki´bo(-go)—Sauks, from their proper name, Oñsa´ki or Saki.

Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal Do´ha´—"Cheyenne red bluff;" the Red hills on the North Canadian above Fort Reno, Oklahoma. Cf. Gu´ădal Do´ha´.

sa`kon—buffalo chips; sa´gya, dung.

Sa´`kon-yä´daldä or Sä-yä´daldä—"buffalo-chip hill;" a hill or mountain near Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos river in Texas (see Ahiñă p'a).

Sa´`kon-yä´daldä p'a—"buffalo chip-hill river;" Duck creek, a branch of Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos river, Texas; also called Ahiñ´a p'a, "cedar creek."

sä-kop—midwinter, from sai and kopa´-iñgya.

Sä´kop p'a—see Ä`gâ´nti.

Sä´k`ota—Cheyenne; singular, Sä´k`odal, etymology doubtful. Also called T'a´-sep, "pierced-ear," or Ä-gu´at, "painted feathers," from the fact that for their arrows they always used wild-turkey feathers, which are transversely striped. Their Comanche name, Pä´ganä´vo, denotes "striped arrows," and the tribal sign, made by drawing the right index finger across the left, seems to convey the same idea.

Sä´k`ota-ä´oto´n-de p'a—"creek where the Cheyenne were massacred;" a northern tributary of North fork of Red river, the second below Sweetwater creek, in F county, Oklahoma; so called from a massacre there in 1837, q. v.

sä`lä´ti—hot, from gyäsä´dal, it is hot.

sän—little; an archaic form, in composition, is t'an, q. v.

sä´ne´—snake; säne´hiñ, rattlesnake, literally, "principal snake."

Sä´ne´ p'a—"snake creek;" Deep creek, entering Cache creek, south of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

sä´ngya—an overhanging bluff or escarpment. Cf. Päsängyä.

Sänko—see Gyaí´`ko.

sa´omhäpä—blood came up from him, i. e., he had a hemorrhage; om, a drop of blood; oñkya, blood.

Sa-pa-ga—see Se´tpä´go.

sa´pän—ashes.

sa´podal—a mythic cannibal monster; hence also, from its human expression, an owl, properly mahi´ñ.

Sa´podal-â´daltoñ p'a—"owl-head creek," a western branch of Ä´dan p'a, q. v.; so called from the figures of two owls cut upon a tree where the trail crosses.

Sä´riyo (Comanche)—"Dog-fat;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as "Saddy-yo," the Comanche r sometimes approximating d.

säta—plural of sai, sai´gya, q. v.

Sa-ta-more—see Se´t-emâ´i.

Satana—see Set-t'a´iñte.

Satank—see Set-ä´ngya.

Sa-tan-ta—see Set-t'a´iñte.

Satekopeta, Paul—see Set-k`o´pte.

Sa-tim-gear—see Se't-ĭmki´a.

sa´top—pipe.

Sa´wăno—Shawano, Shawnee.

See-ti-toh—see Set-t'ai´ñte.

se´hän—horned toad.

sek`a´n—dogwood (Cornus asperifolia), used by the southern plains tribes for arrows, but not for bows.

Sek`a´n p'a—"dogwood creek;" a small southern tributary of South Canadian river in the panhandle of Texas, a short distance below Adobe Walls; perhaps Chicken creek.

Se´mät—Kiowa Apache; literally, "Thieves" (singular, dual, and plural alike). Cf. Ä´semtse. They have been so called for the last twelve years on account of having stolen and killed the cattle and hogs of the Kiowa. Formerly called Tagu´i, the generic Kiowa name for the tribes of Apache stock; also Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo, "weasel people" (see Kiowa Apache synonymy).

Semät p'a—"Apache creek;" an upper branch of Cache creek, joining with E´gu´a p'a (Chandler creek), on the reservation; so called because the Kiowa Apache reside chiefly upon it.

Se´mätmä—"Apache-woman;" a Kiowa woman in the Osage massacre of 1833. Her proper name was probably Tagu´imä, as the Apache were then called Tagu´i.

sen—nostril.

señ—prickly.

Señ p'a—"cactus river;" Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The name refers to the tall upright cactus (Cereus giganteus), not to the prickly pear (Opuntia). The Kiowa say there are salt beds on its lower course.

señ-ä—willow.

Señ´-ä p'a—(1) "willow creek;" a northern tributary of the Washita, about four miles below Sugar creek, Wichita reservation. (2) Sabinas river, a tributary of Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. (3) A northern tributary of Beaver creek, a short distance above the junction of the Palo Duro, Oklahoma.

señ´-älo´—the prickly pear (Opuntia tortispina?), literally "prickly plum," from señ and älo´. Eaten raw by the Indians.

Se´ñ-älo´k`op—"prickly-pear mountain," a low rocky hill near Stumbling-bear's camp on the road to Fort Sill; so called from the abundance of prickly pears upon it.

Se´ñ-älo´ p'a—"prickly-pear creek;" a creek near Bent's fort in Colorado, perhaps Caddo or Rate creek (see Summer 1856).

se´ñi—cactus, especially the peyote (Lophophora), eaten with religious ceremonial; literally, "prickly fruit," from señ and i; in composition, señ.

se´npa´ga—mustache; cf. se´npo.

se´npo—mustache, beard; plural se´npa´ga, from sen, nostril, and paga, down, fur, fuzz; pa´`da, a single hair of fur or fuzz, pubis, beard, etc; a´da´, a single hair of head, eyelash, of horse, cow, etc. Cf. Be´dalpa´go.

se´np'odal-e´ (or se´np'ole´)—a water bulb, apparently the water lily, growing in Swan lake and other ponds on the Wichita reservation; eaten by the Indians.

Se´np'odal-e´ p'a—"water-lilycreek" (?). Pond creek, a northern tributary of the Washita, on the Wichita reservation.

Se´np'odal-e´ setso´—"water-lily pond" (?). Swan lake, on the Wichita reservation.

Se´npo-gu´ădal—"Red-beard;" J. M. Haworth, Kiowa agent, 1873—1878; Battey writes it Simpoquodle.

Se´npo-ze´dălbe—"Terrible-beard." (1) William Madison or Matthewson, a former trader among the Kiowa. About the year 1865 he had a trading house at the Santa Fé crossing of Cow creek in Kansas, from which he moved when the Kiowa were put upon the reservation in 1869, and established a house on the west side of Cache creek, 2¹/₂ miles below Fort Sill, on the reservation, where he remained until about 1876. His place on Cache creek was about on the site formerly occupied by Tome´te, q. v. It is said he was sometimes known as Ma´ñtaka´k`ia, q. v. (2) Timothy Peet, trading clerk at Anadarko; the name was transferred to him from Madison.

Sen-son-da-cat—"Sen-son-da-cat", the White Bird; a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears on the treaty. It can not be identified; "White-bird" would be T'ene´-t'ai´ñte.

sep—(1) rain; sepdo, it is raining. (2) The root of the verb "to pierce" or "to sew."

Se´pyä´daldä—"rainy mountain," from sep and yä´daldä; Rainy mountain, on the reservation, about 30 miles west of Anadarko.

Se´pyä´daldä p'a—"rainy-mountain creek;" the western branch, of Rainy-mountain creek, a southern tributary of Washita river near Rainy mountain. The eastern branch is called Tsodo´m p'a, q. v., and the main stream below the junction is called Tsen p'a.

Se´se—arrowhead; when made of stone, it is sometimes distinguished as k`a´-ikon sese.

Se´se p'a—"arrowhead river;" Arkansas river, the most prominent river in Kiowa narrative. According to Clark it is known as Flint (i. e., flint arrowhead) river among the plains tribes generally.

Se´se p'a hoan—"Arkansas river road;" the Santa Fé trail.

set—bear; an archaic word used now only in composition, especially in proper names. The ordinary word is onhä´te.

se´tä—the small intestine of the buffalo or cow.

Setä—"Cow-intestines;" a school boy frozen to death in the winter of 1890—91, probably the "Sailor" of Scott's report on the subject.

Se t-ä´gyai´—"Bear-on-tree," from set and ä; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee in 1851.

Se´t-ä´ngya—"Sitting-bear." (1) A noted Kiowa war chief, commonly known as Satank, killed at Fort Sill in 1871. (2) A son of the above, killed in Texas about a year before.

Se´t-daya´-ite—"Many-bears," from set, da, a-i, and te. (1) A Kiowa warrior, known to the whites as Heap-of-Bears, killed by the Ute in 1868. (2) A keeper of the taíme, 1876—1883.

Se´t-emâ´-i—"Bear-lying-down" (habitually); cf. k`a (2). A Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as Sa-ta-more.

Set-ĭmki´a—"Pushing-bear," from set and deki´a; a noted Kiowa war chief, still living, one of the signers of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as "Sa-tim-gear, or Stumbling Bear." His name is commonly abbreviated to Ĭmki´a, while to the whites he is known as Stumbling-bear, a mistranslation of his proper name, which indicates a bear that overthrows or pushes over everything in his way.

Se´t-k`o´dalte—see Ä´taha´-ik`i.

Se´t-k`o´pte (Paul)—"Mountain-bear;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875; as a boy he was called "Buffalo-horns." At the close of his imprisonment he was adopted into a white family under the name of Paul Saitkopeta Carruthers. He returned to his tribe in 1882 and is still living.

Se´t-mä´nte—"Bear-above" (Sky-bear). The Kiowa name of a Kiowa Apache signer of the treaty of 1837, in which it appears as "Cet-ma-ni-ta, the Walking Bear." A Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875. Cf. Mamä´nte.

Se´t-pä´go—"Lone-bear;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, in which the name appears as "Sit-par-ga, or Sa-pa-ga, One Bear."

Set-pa´te—"He-bear;" a Kiowa warrior about 1854 (see Winter 1854—55).

setse´yu—hog; literally, "domestic bear," from set and tseyu.

Setse´yu p'a—"hog creek;" Hog creek, a southern tributary of the Washita, about eight miles above Anadarko, on the reservation. So called on account of the former presence there of wild hogs which had escaped from the Caddo north of the river.

setso´—lake, pond.

Setso´—"lake;" Swan lake, Wichita reservation. Being the only lake in the region, it is simply called "the lake."

Setso´ edal—"big lake;" a large lake in Coahuila or Chihuahua, Mexico, described as having an island upon which was a Mexican fort.

Se´t ta´dal—"Lean-bear." (1) A Kiowa (?) warrior in 1864—65. (2) A Kiowa Apache chief and signer of the treaty of 1867, being then the head chief of the tribe. His proper Apache name was Gu´ăñteka´na, of which Se´t-ta´dal is the Kiowa rendering. It appears on the treaty as "Kon-zhon-ta-co, Poor Bear." He was the father of White-man, present head chief of the Apache.

Se´t-t'a´iñte—"White-bear;" a noted Kiowa chief and signer of the treaty of 1867, who committed suicide in prison in 1878. He was commonly known as Satanta; other forms are Satana and See-ti-toh. In boyhood he was called Gu´atoñ-biăn, "Big-ribs," and since the death, in 1894, of his son, who inherited the father's name, this last name only is used in referring to him.

Set-t'ai´ñte-T'a`ka´-imai´mo-e´`paga´ni-de p'a—"river where Set-t'ai´ñte brought the white women;" Satanta creek, alias North or Kiowa creek, a northern tributary of Cimarron river in Comanche county, Kansas; so called because Set-t'ai´ñte brought there some white women and children captured in Texas about thirty years ago. Doha´sän died at its junction with the Cimarron.

Se´t-t'an—"Little-bear;" a Kiowa warrior and author of the principal calendar here published.

Shĭ´shinu´wut-tsĭ´täni´u (Cheyenne)—the Comanche (see Kiowa synonymy).

Si´ăchĭ´nika (Comanche)—"Standing-head-feather;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Cear-chi-neka."

Simpoquodle—see Se´npo-gu´ădal.

Sindi—a mythic trickster and wonder-worker of the Kiowa.

Si´ndiyu´i—see Koñtä´lyui.

Sit-par-ga—see Se´tpä´go.

so´le—see Yä´`pahe´.

So´le p'a—"soldier creek;" Cache creek, near Fort Sill, on the reservation. Sometimes called Tso´`kada´hä So´le p'a, "Medicine-bluff Soldier creek."

somta—rubbing; gyäso´nmo, I whet; deso´nmo, I rub myself; dega´mo, I anoint.

son—grass.

So´ndo´ta—Shoshoni; literally, "grass houses," from son and do´, said to refer to a former custom of weaving tipis or wikiups of rushes; also called So´soni. Tribal sign: Index finger thrust forward with a serpentine movement, followed by sign for "man;" commonly interpreted "Snake people," but perhaps originally designed to indicate the manner of weaving the rushes. Cf. Gyai´`ko.

So´npata—see A´se´gya.

Son-t'aiñ p'a—"white grass creek;" a branch of White river of Brazos river, Texas.

So´soni—see So´ndo´ta.

Soto—Auguste Chouteau, the first trader regularly established in the Kiowa country, about 1835.

t'a—(1) Ear; singular, t'a; dual, t'ati; plural, t'agă. (2) Antelope; plural, t'a´sedăl. T'äp, the generic word for deer, antelope, etc, is sometimes used specifically for antelope. Cf. kyai´`guan and tañ´gia.

tä—eye; dual, täti; plural, tägă.

t'ä̆—first light (?) Cf. ki´ătä.

ta´-ä—the elm (Ulmus americana); literally, "saddle wood," from ta´gyä and ä, because used by the Indians to make saddle trees; also called ga´dal-ä, "buffalo wood," because the buffalo liked to stand under its shade.

Tä´binä´năkă, (Comanche)—"Hears- (or understands-) the-sun;" a noted Comanche chief, who died in 1892. By the Kiowa he was called Pai´-ta´ya, an exact rendering of his Comanche name.

T'a´-bo´dal—"Spoiled-ear;" the Kiowa call by this name an earless Navaho killed by them in the winter of 1867—68. Bodal seems to refer to "cut off," distinct from p'odalta. Cf. ka´bodal.

ta´dal—lean (adjective).

tä´dăldă—hole.

Ta´dalk`i´a—"Lean-man;" agent P. B. Hunt, 1878—1885.

tä´dalkop—smallpox; literally, "hole sickness," from tä´dăldă and kop.

Tä´dalkop p'a—"smallpox creek;" Mule creek, a tributary of Medicine-lodge creek, Oklahoma; so called because the Kiowa held there the first sun dance after the smallpox epidemic of 1861—62.

Tâ´guga´la (Jemez pueblo)—see Tagu´i.

Tagu´i—Apache, etc; the generic Kiowa name for all tribes of Athapascan or Apache stock. In consequence of the death of a person of that name, it was superseded for a time by K`a-pä´top, "Knife-whetters," but the original name is now restored. The etymology is uncertain, but the word is evidently connected with Tâ´guga´la and Ta´gukere´sh, and perhaps with Tashĭn, Ga´ta`ka and Tha´`ka-hinĕ´na. Cf. T'a`ka´-i. The Kiowa include under this generic term the Ä´-tagu´i (Lipan), K`op-tagu´i (Jicarilla), Ĕ´sikwita (Mescalero), Do´-ko´nsenä´go (Chiricahua), Ze´bä-gi´ăni (——), and Se´mät (Kiowa Apache). Tribal sign: Right index finger rubbed briskly up and down along left index finger, as though whetting a knife. For other specific and generic names applied to the Apache, see Kiowa Apache synonymy.

Ta´gukere´sh (Pecos pueblo)—see Tagu´i.

T'a´gu´ñ-yä´daldä.—"antelope antlers hill," from t'a, guñ, and yä´daldä; Antelope hills, on south side of South Canadian river, near the western Oklahoma line, in E county.

T'a´guño´tal p'a—"moon when the antelope antlers drop off," from t'a, guñ, otal, and p'a; a Kiowa moon or month, including portions of August and September.

T'a´guñ´otal P'a Sän—"Little T'a´guño´tal P'a;" a Kiowa moon or month, including portions of July and August.

ta´gya—saddle; in composition ta, as ta´-ä, "saddle wood," Ta´ k`o´p, "Saddle mountain."

Tägyä´ko—Northern Arapaho (Wyoming), "Wild-sage people," "Sagebrush people," from tä´gyĭ and ko or k`iägo. Cf. Ä´hyäto and Bo´tk`i´ägo.

tä´gyĭ—wild sage, sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana).

taha´—erect, high, curved.

Ta´ha (Apache)—an Apache chief and delegate to Washington in 1870, still living.

ta´ho—refers to "leading confederates." Cf. Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho.

-tai´de—chief, in composition, as T'ene´-tai´de, "Bird-chief;" it comes from a root signifying above, top, on top of; gyätai´de, he is above, i. e., he is chief.

tai´me—the great Sun-dance medicine of the Kiowa (see page 240). The etymology is doubtful, but the same word signifies also "mosquito" and "silent." Ĭmtai´me, you are silent; tai´me`gŭ´, talkative, sociable.

tai´me-bi´ĭmkâ´i—"tai´me box;" the peculiarly shaped and decorated rawhide box in which the tai´me image is preserved.

Tai´mete´—"Taime-man;" a priest and keeper of the tai´me from 1883 until his death in 1894.

t'aiñ—white.

T'aiñ do´ha´—"White bluff." (1) A bluff on upper South Canadian river, near the New Mexico line. (2) (Same?); a bluff at or beyond the head of Pa p'a (2), about southeastern Colorado (see Winter 1840—41).

T'aiñ p'a—"White river." (1) An extreme upper northern tributary of South Canadian river, one day's journey below the salt beds (at the New Mexico line), and about halfway to Gu´adal do´ha´; perhaps Major Long's creek, Texas panhandle (see Winter 1847—48). (2) Brazos river, Texas, main stream; also White river, alias Catfish creek, near its head.

T'ai´ñte—"White;" special agent E. E. White, 1887—88.

T'aiñ-yädaldä—"white hill;" a hill or hills near the head of White river of the Brazos, Texas. Tä´ka Ho´norĭt (Comanche)—see Ä´sese p'a.

Tä´-ka´gyä p'a—"eye-triumph creek;" a small branch of Apache creek, on the reservation, near where now is Muchacho's house (see Winter 1879—80).

taka´-i—(1) buckskin; (2) a saddle blanket, of buffalo hide. Cf. T'a`ka´-i.

Ta`ka´-i—see Be´dalpa´go. Cf. taka´-i.

Taka´-i-p'o´dal—"Spoiled-saddle-blanket;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Fish-e-more, or Stinking saddle;" commonly abbreviated to Taka´-ite. The name "Fish-e-more," as given in the treaty, is pronounced Pĭ´semâ´i by the Kiowa, who say that it is a foreign word, old, and with no meaning in Kiowa.

T'a`ka´-i-tai´de—"White-man-chief;" the Kiowa name of Tsa´yadi´tlti or White-man, present head chief of the Apache.

Taka´-ite—see Taka´-i-p'o´dal.

Ta-ka-ta-couche—"Ta-ka-ta-couche, the Black Bird," a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears in the treaty. The correct form may be T'ene´-koñ´kya, q. v.

t'a´-ko´ñ—"black-ear;" a variety of horse, light in color, but with black ears, prized by the Kiowa as the best for racing. Sometimes particularly specified as t'a´-ko´ñ tseñ, "black-eared horse" (see Summers 1861 and 1867).

T´a´-ko´ñ—"Black-ear;" a noted race horse stolen by the Navaho in 1867 (see the preceding).

Ta´-k`op´—"saddle mountain," from, ta´gyä and k`op; Saddle mountain, near the head of Walnut creek, on the reservation.

tä`lä´—folded, bent double, shortened (applied only to feathers).

tä´lyi´—boy; plural, tälyu´p, or in some proper names tälyu´i.

Tälyi´-da´-i—see ´dalbea´hya.

Ta´mĭsi—Thomas C. Battey, first teacher among the Kiowa, in 1873; now living in Mosk, Ohio.

t'an—small, little; an archaic word used now only in proper names. The common word is sän, q. v.

tän—(1) an edible turnip-like root; (2) a kind of headdress of upright feathers, a crest of feathers; ätä´ndo, he has a headdress of upright feathers.

Ta-ne-congais—see T'ene´-ko´ñkya.

tañ´gia—deer, a ceremonial word, used only by old people; tañgi´apa´, a buck deer; tañgi´atsä´, a doe. The common word is kya´`guan, literally "jumper," or t'äp, q. v.

Tañgi´apa´—"Buck-deer;" a Kiowa warrior killed by the Mexicans in 1850—51.

Tä´n-gu´ădal—"Red-feather-head-dress," (or red tän root?); a noted Kiowa warrior killed in Texas in 1868—69. Cf. Tä´n-ko´ñkya.

t'añi—smooth; t'añ´edă´, it is smooth.

Tä´n-ko´ñkya—"Black-feathered-headdress;" a noted Kiowa war chief who died in 1865—66. Cf. Tä´n-gu´ădal.

t'ä´ñpe-ä´—the skunkberry bush (Rhus trilobata); plural t'äñpe´ko; t'ä´ñpe-i´, skunkberry. The seeds or berries are eaten raw, or beaten up with sugar, and considered a dainty, although very bitter.

T'ä´ñpeä´ p'a—"skunkberry creek;" a southern tributary of the South Canadian, about opposite Lathrop, in the panhandle of Texas. White-deer creek (?).

T'äñpe´ko—"Skunkberry people," alias Tse´ñ-´â´dalka´-i, "Crazy Horses;" the "War-club" band of Clark. One of the six Kiowa military orders (see page 229).

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä—"smooth hill," from t'añi and yädaldä; a hill or mountain near Fort Clark, southern Texas.

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä p'a—"smooth-hill river;" Las Moras creek (?) of the Rio Grande; described as at Fort Clark (see the preceding).

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä- yä´`pähe´gya—"smooth hill soldier place;" Fort Clark, southern Texas (see the preceding).

t'äp—deer, antelope, etc, especially antelope. Cf. also t'a, kyai´`guan, tañgi´a, ko`ga´-i.

Tă´săwi (Comanche)—A Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "To-sa-in, To-she-wi, or Silver Brooch."

T'a´-sep—see Sä´k`ota.

Ta´shĭn (Comanche)—see Tagu´i and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

Ta´-täthe´ñte—see Pa´-ta´dal.

t'a´-tse´ñ—wild horse; literally, "antelope horse."

Tä´yăkwo´ip (Comanche)—"Sore-backed horse;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Tir-ha-yah-guahip, or Horse's Back."

t'a´-zo´tă´—an antelope corral or driveway (see page 309). Cf. zo´tă´.

T'a´-zo´tă´ p'a—"antelope corral creek;" Bear creek, between Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, near the western line of Kansas.

-te, -ti—a personal suffix, usually masculine, in proper names.

T'e´bodal(-te)—"One-who-carries-a-pack-of-meat-from-the-buffalo's-lower-leg;" the full form would be T'e´bodal-pä´te (cf. Tso`k`o´dalte), from t'epga, odal, and te; the oldest man of the Kiowa tribe, now about eighty years of age.

te´dal—white clay; used by the Indians for paint; another form is te´li.

Te´dal toñ—"white-clay spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, so called from the white clay found there. There are two wells on the Staked plain, known as Tierra Blanca or Ojo Blanco, one in Texas, the other in New Mexico.

Te´guă(-go)—Pueblo; the name is a derivative from Tegua or Tewa and includes all the Pueblo Indians; the Comanche form is Tewa. They were formerly also called Be´dalpahe´ñko, "Beardless people" (cf. Be´dalpa´go) and are sometimes designated as Po´băro, a Comanche corruption of "Pueblo." Sign: Hair grasped behind with the right hand, to indicate the Pueblo style of bunching it.

Tehä´neko, Tehä´no—Texans, singular Tehä´nek`i, from the Spanish Tejano. The Kiowa and associated tribes always regarded the Texans as a distinct people from the T'o-t'a`ka´-i, or Americans, of Kansas and the north.

Teh-toot-sah—see Doha´sän.

te´li—see te´dal.

tem—bone; plural toñ.

ten—heart.

Te´n-ät'a´nte—"Little-heart," from ten, t'an, and te; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee in 1851.

te´ñbe—see ä´dalto´yi.

Te´ñbe k`op, or Te´ñbei´a k`op—"Wild-sheep mountain," i. e., "Te´ñbeyu´i mountain," because the Te´ñbeyu´i, q. v., used to dance there at a spring near the river; a mountain on the east side of North fork, just below Elk creek, on the reservation; sometimes incorrectly called Gabo´dăli k`op, "Sheep (or goat) mountain."

Te´ñbeyu´i—see Ä´dalto´yui.

t'ene´—bird; on account of a death a few years ago the word gu´ăto is now used instead.

T'ene´-ango´pte—"Kicking-bird," usually abbreviated to Ango´pte, from t'ene´, gyä´ango´p, and te: (1) A Kiowa warrior about 1843. (2) A noted chief who died in 1875; upon the treaty of 1867 his name appears as Ton-a-en-ko, "Kicking Eagle."

T'ene´-badai´—"Bird-appearing;" a Kiowa warrior noted for his good looks, killed by the Caddo in 1860.

T'ene´-ko´ñkya—"Black-bird;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, where the name appears as "Ta-ne-congais, the Sea Gull."

T'ene´pi´abi—"Hummingbird;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875, still living. The ordinary word for hummingbird is mansa-t'ene´, "thumbbird."

T'ene´-tai´de—"Bird-chief," from t'ene´ and -taide; a Kiowa warrior, still living; also called Pa´to´, a word of unknown meaning.

T'ene´-ze´pte—"Bird-bow" (?) from t'ene´, zepko, and te; a Kiowa warrior shot by Sun-boy in 1872. The name might possibly mean "Bird-teat."

Te´n-pi´äk`ia—"Heart-eater," from ten, piä, and k`ia; a noted Kiowa warrior and medicine-man, rival of Anso´`te and father of Se´t-t'a´n, and accidentally killed in 1853. He took his name from the fact that his "medicine" was to eat a small piece of an enemy's heart every time he killed one. The same thing was done by several other Kiowa warriors under certain circumstances, the only approach to cannibalism in the tribe. A man now living is called Te´npi´äte, "Heart-eater," from ten, piä, and te.

tep—the root of a verb signifying "to come out," "to migrate." Cf. toñtep, Te´pdă´, Tepgañ p'a.

Te´pdă´—Kiowa; see Kiowa synonymy.

t'epga—meat from the calf of the leg of the buffalo, etc; in composition, t'ep.

Te´pgañ P'a—"Goose-migrating moon," from gañ, tep, and p'a; a Kiowa moon or month, including parts of November and December; also called Bonpä P'a, "Sweat-house moon."

Tepk`i´ägo—Kiowa; see Kiowa synonymy.

Tep-pe-navon—see Tĭ´pinävo´n.

Tha`ka´-hinĕ´na (Arapaho), or Tha`ka´-itä´n—the Kiowa-Apache; see Kiowa Apache synonymy.

Til-la-ka—see Tĭ´l-`lakai´.

Tĭ´l-`lakai´ (Apache)—"White-horn;" an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which his name appears as " Til-la-ka, White Horn."

Tĭ´p ho´novĭt (Comanche)—see Tso p'a (2).

Ti´pinävo´n (Comanche)—a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which the name appears as "Tep-pe-navon, Painted Lips."

Tir-ha-yah-guahip—see Tä´yăkwoip.

t'o—cold, in composition, from gyät'o´.

to´de—taken back, or returned, after receiving (as result of a quarrel or remorse).

to´gya—after, past; gi´ña-to´gya, after midnight.

t'o´gyä—coat, shirt.

Tohaint—see Dohe´ñte.

Tohasan—see Doha´sän.

To-ho-sa—see Doha´sän.

to´i—a curve.

t'o´idă´—uncommon, accidental, abnormal; as a pinto horse, a six-fingered hand, etc.

t'o´igu´ăt—pinto, variegated in color, especially a horse, from t'o´idă´ and guătgya.

T'o´-k`i´ñähyup—"Cold Men," i. e., men of the cold or northern country, from gyät'o´ and k`i´ñähi; one of two former local divisions of the Kiowa, including those who ranged chiefly on Arkansas river and the Kansas frontier. Cf. Gwa´hale´go and T'o´-t'a`ka´-i.

Tome´te—the Kiowa name of an early trader who located a trading post about 1837 a short distance south of Fort Sill, on the spot afterward occupied by William Madison (Se´npo-ze´dalbe, q. v.). The Kiowa form is a derivative from his proper name (Thomas?).

ton—tail.

toñ—water; also leg in composition, from to´ñti.

Ton-a-en-ko—see T'ene´-ango´pte.

To´n-ak`a´—"Water-turtle," literally "notched tail;" a noted Kiowa medicine-man in 1884—85. Cf. k`a´nkiñ.

To´ñ-bi´ăndä´ta—"boiling water;" Colorado Springs, Colorado.

To´ñ-dahä´—"medicine, i. e., mysterious, water;" a natural rock well, large and deep, near the head of Scout creek, in the Texas panhandle. It is so called probably from a tradition of some water spirit or monster dwelling there. Cf. To´ñ-dahyä´.

To´ñ-dahyä´—"medicine water, mysterious water;" a lake somewhere in the mountains of the far north, near which the Kiowa Apache locate one of their most noted wonder stories. The name seems to be an archaic form for To´ñ-dahä´, q. v.

toñgu´ayo—sitting with legs crossed and extended; I sit so, ätoñgu´ayo-ä´ngya, from toñti, gu´ayo, legs crossed and extended, and ä´ngya.

Toñhe´ñ p'a—"waterless, i. e., dry, creek;" Sand creek, Colorado, a northern tributary of Arkansas river, and the scene of the Chivington massacre.

Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, or Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´a'-i-do´mbe—waterless Mexican (country); the people and region of Chihuahua and upper Coahuila, Mexico.

Toñhyo´pdă´—the "Pipe-bearer," or officer who marched at the head of the young warriors on an expedition; he did not necessarily carry a pipe. Etymology doubtful.

To´ñko´ñ—"black water;" a pond on the edge of the Staked plain, about three days' journey westward from Double mountain, in Texas; perhaps Agua Negra, just inside the Texas line, about 34°.

To´ñko´ñ p'a—"black-water creek;" a southern tributary of the Washita, about five miles below the Custer battlefield (Doä´dal-ko´ñkya-eho´taldee), in F county, Oklahoma.

Toñko´ñko—"Black legs," from toñti, ko´ñkya, and ko; singular, Toñko´ñ-gyäk`i´a. (1) The Blackfoot Indians. (2) One of the six Kiowa military orders, the Raven, Raven Soldiers, or Black Leggings of Clark (see page 229).

To´ñpeto—"Afraid-of-water," from toñ and gyä`pe´to; the Kiowa rendering of the name of the Comanche chief Päre´iyä, who made the final peace between the two tribes.

toñp'o´dal—lame, from to´ñti and p'o´daltă; I am lame, äto´ñp'o´daltă.

Toñp'o´dal-kyä`to´—"Lame-old-man;" a Kiowa war chief in 1832.

To´ñsâhe´ p'a—"blue (or green) water river;" Colorado river of Texas. It is called "blue water" or "blue river" by the Comanche also.

To´ñteb-e´dal p'a—"big-spring creek;" probably Giraud creek of Red fork of Colorado river, Texas; described as southward from Double mountain, near the emigrant road. There is a town named Big Spring on Giraud creek.

to´ñtep—a spring, from toñ and tep; commonly abbreviated to toñ in geographic names.

To´ñtep p'a—"spring creek;" Fontaine qui Bouille creek, Colorado,

to´ñti—leg; in composition, toñ.

Toñtsĭ´mgyä p'a—"crooked-water creek," from toñ and tsĭ´mgyä; Crooked creek, in the Cherokee strip, Oklahoma.

to´ñzo´—current (of a stream); toñzo´lya, the water is flowing.

To´ñzo`go´dal p'a—"strong current (i. e., swift water) river," from to´ñzo´, got, plural go´dal, and p'a; apparently a head branch of Pease river, Texas, and described as midway between Red river and the Staked plain, where they are one day's journey apart. Also called Päbo p'a, "American-horse river," from a fight there in which the Kiowa took from the Texans a number of American horses, the largest they had ever seen (see Winter 1841—42).

Tooc-a-nie Kiowa—(for Tawa´koni, a subtribe of the Wichita.) During the outbreak of 1874—75 "a band of Tooc-a-nie Kiowa (part Wichita and part Kiowa) who had been for several years with the Wichita and Waco, went to the Kiowa of the Kiowa agency" (Agent T. S. Free, page 289, Indian Report, 1875).

to´pde—before (in time).

To-sa-in or to-she-wi—see Tă´săwi.

T'o´-t'a`ka´-i, T'o´-t'a`ka´-i-dombe—Americans and the United States, as distinguished from Mexicans and Texans and their country; literally, "cold white-man country," i. e., "northern white-man country," and hence "cold, i. e., northern, white men," from gyät'o´, t'a`ka´-i, and dombe. Cf. T'o-k`i´ñähyup and Tehä´neko.

-tsä—a feminine suffix, as kyai´`guan, deer, kyai´`guantsä´, doe. Cf. -mä under mä´nyi´.

tsä´—comrade, partner.

tsä´dal—goose; also gañ.

Tsä´dal-t'a´iñ—"White-goose," i. e., Swan; a hostile Kiowa chief in 1874.

Tsâli—"Charley," the Kiowa name of the trader Charles W. Whitacre (or Whittaker). He is mentioned as present at the treaty of 1867, and later had a trading house on the north bank of the Washita, opposite Anadarko, just above the present Wichita school. He accidentally shot himself in 1882.

Tsâli Esän—"Little Charley" (plural form); Charles Rath, of the trading firm of Rath, Wright & Reynolds, formerly at Fort Sill.

tsän—he came, they came; sometimes used for return; cf. ää´.

tsä´nkia—a (horse) race.

Tsä´nkia-ki´adă—see Tso´lai´.

tsä´ñyi—see polä´ñyi.

Tsä´ñyui—see Polä´ñyup.

Tsä´pi´ä p'a—"prairie-dog-eating river," from tsäto, piä, and p'a; a large western tributary of Rainy-mountain creek, on the reservation. So called because about twenty-five years ago, while the Kiowa were camped there, a rain drowned out a large number of prairie dogs and the Indians killed and ate them.

tsä´to—prairie-dog; in composition, sometimes tsä; singular and plural alike.

Tsä´to-yä´daldä—"Prairie-dog mountain;" a prominent mountain or bluff 20 miles west of Vernon, Texas, between Pease river and Red river.

Tsä´to-yä´daldä pe p'a—"prairie-dog mountain sand river;" Pease river, an upper branch of Red river, in Texas (see the preceding). Tsa´yadi´tlti (Apache)—see T'a`ka´-i-tai´de. tse´—short; I am short, äko´ntse´; he is short, o´ite kontse´. Cf. etse´, thick.

tse´dal(-te)—situated, situated upon.

tsen—mud, clay. Cf. tseñ.

Tsen p'a—"mud creek." (1) The lower part of Sugar creek, alias East fork of Rainy-mountain creek, on the reservation. Cf. Tsodo´m p'a and Se´pyä´daldä p'a. Another authority says it is lower Rainy-mountain creek, below the junction of the two main forks. (2) Little Wichita river (at Henrietta), Texas.

tseñ—horse, plural tseñko; old names are tai´de and gu´ăpedal. A wild horse is called t'a´-tse´ñ, "antelope horse" (see also päbo). Cf. tsen.

Tse´ñ-â´dalka´-i—see T'äñpe´ko.

tseñhi—dog, plural tse´ñhyup; in consequence of a death, the word tse´guan, properly "travois," was substituted about five years ago.

tsenka´n—a burn; I burn it, ätse´na´nmo.

tseñko—horses, plural of tseñ, q. v.

Tse´ñ-ko´ñkya—"Black-horse," a noted Kiowa warrior killed by the Sauk in 1854.

Tse´ñ-t'ai´ñte—"White-horse;" a noted Kiowa raider, who died in 1892.

Tseñtän p'a—see Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a.

Tseñtä´nmo—"Horse-headdress people" (?) from tseñ and tän; singular, Tse´ñtänk`i´a. One of the six Kiowa military orders, the Feather Head band of Clark (see page 229, ante).

-tse´yu—a suffix denoting a pet or domesticated animal, or the young of an animal; also tseyi, plural tse´yu´i; t'ene´-tse´yu, chicken; setse´yu (set-tseyu), hog; Gu´ădal-tseyu, "Red Pet," or "Little Red."

tsĭ´mgyä—crooked.

tso—rock, stone.

Tso p'a—"rock river." (1) The Purgatoire or Las Animas river, a south tributary of the Arkansas, in Colorado. (2) San Saba river, Texas; called also Tĭp ho´novĭt, "rock river," by the Comanche.

Tso´ai´—"tree rock," i.e., monument, from tso and ä. (1) The Mato-tipi or Bear-lodge of the Dakota, also known as the Devil's Tower, near Sun-dance, Wyoming; the Kiowa have a myth concerning it. (2) A monument-like rock, somewhere on the Salt fork of Arkansas river.

tso´dal—wing, and figuratively, arm (applied only to the upper arm).

Tso´dalhe´ñte—"No-arm," from tso´dal, heñ, and te; William Allison, who built and kept a trading post on the Arkansas, just below the junction of Upper Walnut creek, for fifteen years or more, about 1850 to 1865. Fort Zarah was a short distance above, on the north bank of Walnut creek. He was so called from having had his left arm shot off in a quarrel. Sometimes also called Mânhe´ñk`ia, conveying the same meaning, from mândă, heñ, and k`ia.

Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a—"No-arm's river;" Upper Walnut creek, a northern tributary of Arkansas river in Kansas (see Tsodalhe´ñte),

Tsodalhe´ñ-de P'a´gya-Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e—"place where (de´e) soldiers (yä´`pähe´) stay (k`u´dal) at (-gya) No-arm's river" (Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a); Fort Zarah, Kansas, formerly on the left (north) bank of Upper Walnut creek, 2 miles above its junction with the Arkansas. Just below it was Allison's trading post.

tso´dal-tem—"wing bone," from tso´dal and tem; a whistle made from the wing bone of an eagle, and used in the Sun dance and the peyote ceremony.

Tso-do´i-gyätä´dă´-de´e—"rock house (i. e., cave) in which they were surrounded," from tso, do´, gyätä´dă, and de´e; the Hueco Tanks, in western Texas, just south of the New Mexico line (see Summer 1857).

tsodo´m—a stone mortar, from tso and dom.

Tsodo´m p'a—"stone-mortar creek;" Sugar creek, the eastern fork of Rainy-mountain creek. Cf. Tsen p'a and Se´pyä´daldä p'a.

Tso´-gyäze´mä—"moving stones;" a lake or water hole on the Staked plain, in Texas, so called because, according to the Indians, the stones there shift about. They do not add toñ or setso´. Perhaps Laguna Sabinas.

tso´`ka—rock bluff precipice, from tso. Cf. Tso´`kaka´n, Tso´`kada´hä´, also do´ha´.

Tso´`kada´hä´ (or Tso´`kada´hä´go)—"medicine bluff," from tso´`ka and da´hä; Medicine bluff, a noted precipice on the south side of Medicine-bluff creek, about 3 miles west of Fort Sill, on the reservation. It is figured in Marcy's report.

Tso´`kada´hä p'a—"medicine-bluff creek;" Medicine-bluff creek, or Bluff creek, joining Cache creek near Fort Sill.

Tso´`kada´hä´gya (-Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e—Fort Sill, on the reservation. The full name signifies "where the soldiers stay at Medicine bluff," but as the place is so well known it is commonly abbreviated to Tso´`kada´hä´gya, "At Medicine bluff."

Tso´`kada´hä´ So´le p'a—see So´le p'a.

Tso´`kaka´n—"end of the bluff," from tso´`ka, and aka´n; a point on the south side of the North fork of Red river above the junction of Elm fork, at K`o´b-aka´n mountain, q. v., in Greer county, Oklahoma.

Tso´k`o´dalte—"Stone-necklace," from tso, k`o´dalpä, and te; a Kiowa girl who died in 1845. The full form would be Tso´k`o´dalpã´te. Cf. Äk`o´dalte, T'ebo´dalte.

Tso´lai´—Fourth of July; the Kiowa think this is the name of the day instead of the month. On account of the Indian races encouraged by the traders and officers on this occasion, it is also known as Tsä´nkia-ki´adă, "race day."

Tso´ñboho´n—"Down-feather-cap," from tsoñkya and boho´n; an early head chief of the Kiowa.

tso´ñda—light-haired. Cf. boiñ.

tso´ñkya—down feathers; in composition, tsoñ.

Tso´ñ-t'a`ka´-i—light-haired, or blond Mexicans, from tsoñda and T'a`ka´-i; the Mexicans about Laredo, on the lower Rio Grande.

tso´paiñ—adobe; literally, "dust rock," or "earth rock," from tso and paiñ.

Tso´paiñ Do´—"adobe house;" Bent's fort, on Arkansas river, in Colorado. Originally built of adobe, by William Bent, the noted trader for the Cheyenne, on the north bank of the Arkansas, 15 miles above the junction of the Purgatoire, and about halfway between the present La Junta and Las Animas. It was abandoned by him about 1849. In 1860 Fort Wise, afterward called Fort Lyon, was established near the same site, and was called by the same name among the Kiowa until the removal of Fort Lyon farther up the river in 1867. (See list of posts, etc, page 382.)

tsoq! (Comanche)—that! A Comanche word commonly used by Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache in the do´a´ game.

Tso´sa´ p'a—"—— rock river;" Yellowstone and upper Missouri river; etymology doubtful; tso is rock or stone, and sa, is said to be connected with sa´top, pipe, but may possibly be from some obsolete word for yellow, whence "Yellowstone." According to Clark, the Indians call this stream "Elk river," from its head to Powder river, or only to Rosebud river, while below that they call it and the Missouri the "Muddy, or Big Muddy river."

Tso´-t'ai´ñ p'a—"white-rock river;" a creek, perhaps Wanderer creek, described as a southern tributary of North fork, above Doan's, in Greer county, Oklahoma.

Tso´t'ai´ñto´ñda´ti—"spring where there is rock above," from tso, taide, toñtep, and dati; Cedar spring, on Fort Sill road, about 4 miles southward from Anadarko.

Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i or Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i-dombe—"rock white-man (country);" the Mexicans and their country about Silver City, southwestern New Mexico. The Kiowa generally kept on friendly terms with them and traded with them for silver ornaments. The name may have included also the Chihuahua mountain region. Cf. K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i, Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, Ä´-t'a`ka´-i, T'o-t'a`ka´-i.

Tunk-aht-oh-ye—"Tunk-aht-oh-ye, the Thunderer;" the name of a Kiowa boy, brother of Gunpã´ñdamä, as given by Catlin, who painted his picture in 1834. not be identified.

ŭsarĕ´răhu (Pawnee)—a Pawnee moon or month (see page 371).

Wa´băna´ki—Delaware, from one of their own names, Wa´bana´qki; there is a band of about 100 on the Wichita reservation.

Wasa´si—see K`apä´to.

Wa-toh-konk—see Gu´ato-ko´ñkya.

Wi´tapähä´tu (Sioux and Cheyenne)—the Kiowa (see Kiowa synonymy).

wo´ha´—cow; a jargon word used between Indians and whites and supposed by the Indians to be the English name, from the fact of having heard it used so frequently in the form of "whoa haw!" by the early emigrants and Santa Fé traders in driving their ox teams. The proper Kiowa word is tsenbo.

Woha´te—"Cow;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875.

Wo´ifdo´ĭsh (Cheyenne)—see A´`päta´te.

Wun-pan-to-mee—see Gunpä´ñdamä.

yä´daldä—hill; there is no fixed distinction between this word and k`op, mountain, but the latter is generally understood to mean a higher and more rocky elevation. Cf. k`op, ba´dlo´, do´ha´, tso´`ka.

Yä´daldä p'a—see Guadal-k`udal-dee p'a.

yai´po—rope, sash.

yai´po-gu´ădal—"red sash;" the name of three of the ten sashes of the Kâ´itse´ñko, made of red cloth (see page 285).

yai´po-ko´ñkya—"black sash;" the principal of the ten sashes of the Kâ´itseñko, made of black elk skin (see page 285).

Yä´`pähe´—warrior, soldier (no plural form); the military organization of the Kiowa (see page 229). Within the last twenty years, since their intimate acquaintance with the whites, the old term has been generally superseded by so´le, plural sole´go, from "soldier."

yi´a—two.

Yi´a k`op—"two mountains;" Double mountain, between the two forks of Brazos river, Stonewall county, Texas.

Yi´a k`op p'a—apparently the name of Double-mountain fork of Brazos river.

Yi´a P´a-da´ti—"at the two creeks," i. e., "at the forks;" the forks of Washita river, where Gageby creek joins the main stream, on the western line of Oklahoma. When necessary, it is further described as near the head of the Washita.

yi´ătä´te—see do´ti.

Yi´ătä´tehe´ñko—see Dohe´ñko.

Ze´bä-do´-k`i´a—see Ä´`to-t'ai´ñ.

Ze´bä-gi´ăni—"Long-arrows;" an unidentified band of the Apache proper (see Tagu´i.)

ze´bat—arrow, plural zebä. The medicine lances carried by Set-t'a´iñte and Tän-gu´ădal were also called ze´bat.

ze´dălbe—terrible, powerful, wonderful, dangerous; gyäze´dălbe, it is wonderful.

zep—milk, teat.

zepko—bow (for shooting).

Ze´pko-ee´tte—"Big-bow," from zepko, ee´t, and te; (1) a Kiowa war chief about 1843. (2) his grandson and successor of the present day, the "Zipkoh Eta" of Battey.

Zipkoh eta—see Ze´pko-ee´tte.

zo´dal—vomiting; vomit (noun), zo´dal; I vomit, dehi´ăto.

Zo´daltoñ p'a—"vomiting spring (or water) creek;" the upper part of Walnut creek, a southern tributary of the Washita, on the reservation; so called on account of a (medicinal?) spring, near its head, which induces vomiting. Sometimes known to the whites as Stinking creek.

zoñ—tooth, plural zoñko.

Zo´ñk`i´a—"Tooth-man;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875; also known as Ki´ñasâ´hek`i´a, "Green-shield-man," from kiñ or kyuñi, sâ´he, and k`ia.

Zo´ñtam—a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875, afterward educated in the East and ordained as an Episcopal minister in 1881 under the name of Paul Zotom; now with his tribe. The name refers to biting, from zoñ, tooth. He is sometimes called P'o´dal-â´dalte, "Snake-head."

zo´tă´—a corral or driveway for catching antelope (see page 309). Kazo´tătso´`ta, I am going to make a corral; figuratively, I am going to entrap some one.

Zotom, Paul—see Zo´ñtam.

ENGLISH-KIOWA GLOSSARY3

Abell, W. H., special agent—see Pa´-ehe´mgo´`te.

abnormal—see t'o´idă´.

above, he is—see gyätai´de.

acorn—do`go´t-e.

Adams, Agent Charles E.—Ä´dăm.

Adkins, John—Kabo´dalk`i´a.

adobe—tso´paiñ.

Adobe Walls, Texas—Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho.

Adoption dance—Iâm guan.

afraid, I am—gyä pe´to.

after—kigi´a, kyäka´n, to´gya.

afternoon—dehi´ñ, dekiäsa.

agency—Ezănya.

Agua Negra (?), Texas—Toñ´ko´ñ.

alike—pä´tsoga.

Allison, William—Tsodalhe´ñte.

alone—see solitary.

Americans—T'o-t'a`ka´-i.

amulet—ä´`de.

and—go.

antelope—t'a, täp.

Antelope hills, Oklahoma—T'a´gu´ñ-yä´daldä.

antelope surround—ät'a´kagu´a.

antler—see horn.

Apache—Semät, Tagu´i.

Apache creek, on reservation—Se´mät p'a.

Apache John—Goñk`o´ñ.

appear—badai´.

apple—see plum.

approach—see come.

Arapaho—A´hyäto, Botk`i´ägo, Tägyä´ko.

Arikara—K`a´t'a.

Arkansas river—Se´se p'a.

arm—mândă´, tso´dal.

arrow—ze´bat.

arrowhead—se´se.

ashes—sapän.

at (locative)—gyă, suffix,

attack (verb)—gihä´pa (see ĭmdo´häpa).

autumn—pao´ngya.

baby—i´ăpa´gya.

back (of body)—gi´ăpa´-iñgya, gomtä.

Bad-back—Cho´nshita´.

bald—dä´nto´.

bank (of earth)—see wall.

bark (of tree)—do`ka´ñi. Cf. shell.

Battery creek, Texas—Ka´to´de´ä p'a.

Battey, Thomas C—Ta´mĭsi.

battle—gi´ägyä.

bear (animal)—onhä´te, set.

Bear creek (?), Colorado—Pa p'a.

Bear creek, Kansas—T'a´-zo´tă´ p'a.

Bear Lodge, Wyoming—Tso´-ai´.

beard—senpo.

beaver—-p'o.

Beaver creek, Oklahoma—P'o p'a.

Beaver creek on reservation—P'o p'a.

before (in time)—to´pde.

behead—ĭmk`o´daltä.

belly—bot.

Bent's Fort, Colorado—Tso´paiñ Do´.

berry—see fruit.

beyond—äñga´dal.

big—see large.

Big-bow—Ze´pko-ee´tte.

Big Clear creek (?), Texas—K`a´-ikon p'a.

Big-face—Do´-e´dalte.

Big-horse—Kâ´itseñ´ko.

Big-looking-glass—Pi´änä´vonĭt.

Big-tree—Ä´do-ee´tte.

Big Wichita river, Texas—Gu´ădal p'a.

bird—gu´ăto, t'ene´.

bite (verb)—gyäk`a´ta, gyäzo´ñte.

bitter—see sour.

black—ko´ñkya.

Black—Koñtä´lyui.

Black-bird—Ta-ka-ta-couche.

Black-eagle—Gu´ato-ko´ñkya.

Black hills, South Dakota—Sa´dalkañi k`op.

Black-kettle—Do´ädal-ko´ñkya.

Black-leggings—Toñko´ñko.

blanket—kata.

blond—see bright.

blood—om, oñ´kya.

blue—sâ´he.

Blue hills (?), Kansas—Ko´ñ-yä´daldä.

bluff—do´ha´, sängya, tso´`ka.

Bluff creek, on reservation—see Medicine-bluff creek.

Boggy creek, on Wichita reservation, Oklahoma—Aikoñ p'a; Gi´atä p'ada´ti.

boiling, it boils—bi´ăndä´ta.

bone—see tem.

bow (for shooting)—zepko.

box—bi´ĭmkâ´-i.

boy—tä´lyi´.

branch (noun)—po´to´, po´tă´.

brand (noun)—see picture.

brass—see copper.

Brave-man—Nah-tan.

Brazos river, Texas—T'aiñ p'a.

breastplate—see necklace.

bright—bo´iñ.

bring—gyä`ga´n, gyä`pa´bă.

Brulé Dakota—Paki´-gu´ădalkantă´.

Buck creek, Oklahoma—Ä´`dek`i´a-de p'a.

buckskin—taka´-i.

bud (noun)—ka`gu´at.

buffalo—gadal, pa.

buffalo chips—sa`kon.

Buffalo creek, Oklahoma—Pa p'a.

Buffalo-horns—Se´t-k`o´pte.

bugle—do´mba´.

bull, buffalo—pa.

burn (noun)—tsenka´n.

bush—pep.

bushy; it is—gyäpe´boñ.

buy—see trade.

Caboon, Thomas—Mâ´ngomhe´ñte.

cache (noun)—kao´dal.

Cache creek, on reservation—So´le p'a.

cactus—se´ñi.

Caddo—Ma´se´p, Ädo´mko.

Caddo creek (?), Colorado—Se´ñ-älo´ p'a.

candy—see sugar.

cannonball—hâ´ñtso.

canyon—dan.

cap—boho´n, gañto´n, (of cartridge) k`a´-iko´n.

capture—ä´ha´gyä.

Carankawa or Carrizo—Dohe´ñko.

Carruthers, Paul Saitkopeta—Se´tk`o´pte.

carry—o´dal.

cat—bä´otseyu (see bäo).

Cat—Guñsa´dalte.

Cataract canyon—see Coconino canyon.

Catfish creek, Texas—T'aiñ p'a.

cat-tail rush (Equisetum)—donpä.

cedar—ahi´ñ.

Cedar spring, on reservation—Tso´taito´ñda´ti.

Chandler creek, on reservation—E´gu´a p'a.

Cherokee—Ädo´mko.

Cheyenne—Sä´k`otă´.

Chickasaw—Ä´domko.

chicken—t'ene´tse´yu (see -tse´yu).

Chicken creek (?), Texas—Sek`a´n p'a.

chief—-taide, in composition.

Chihuahua, Mexico—Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.

child—i in composition, i´ăpa´gya.

chimney—see tipi flap.

chinaberry (palo duro)—ä´`go´tä.

Chiricahua Apache—Do´-kon´senä´go.

Choctaw—Ä´domko.

cholera—mayi´agyă´.

Chonteau, Auguste—Soto.

Christmas—Piä-ki´adă.

Cimarron river, Oklahoma—Ä´pätda´ p'a.

circle—byu´ñi.

Clark, Fort, Texas—Tä´ñ-yä´daldä-yä´`pähe´gya.

Clarke, E. L.—Pi´ärai´bo.

clay, white—tedal, teli.

Clay creek, Colorado—Guădal-k`udal-dee p'a.

Clear creek, Oklahoma—see Buck creek.

clear of timber, to—ää´oto´n (see ä´oto´n).

clearing, a cleared place—ää´oto´n.

Coahuila, Mexico—Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.

coat—t'o´gyä.

Coconino canyon, Arizona—Do´ñiga-p`a´da´-de´e.

cold (adj.)—gyät'o´, äka´hem.

Colorado river (?) Arizona—P'a E´dal.

Colorado river, Texas—To´ñsâhe´ p'a.

Colorado Springs, Colorado—To´ñ-bi´ăndäta.

Comanche—Gyai´`ko (see also Ä´gyai`ko and Gwa´hale´go).

come, I—ää. Cf. tsän.

compressed—ka´-igihä´.

comrade—tsä´.

Concho river, Chihuahua, Mexico—O´ñ-guă p'a.

conspicuous—ahi´ñ.

copper (and brass)—hâ´ñ-gu´ak`o; see metal, hâ´ñgya.

Corbeau—Gaa´-boho´n.

corral—see driveway.

cottonwood—ä´hiñ.

country—do´mbe.

coup (French)—gi´ägyä.

courting—k`ioñ.

cow—tse´nbo, woha.

cowbird (?)—ä`to.

coyote—see wolf.

cramp (noun)—mayi´agyă´.

crazy—see foolish.

creek—ase´, p'a.

Creek (tribe)—Masko´ki, Ädo´mko.

crooked (adj.)—tsĭ´mgyä.

Crooked creek, Oklahoma—Toñ-tsĭ'mgyä p'a.

crow (bird)—ma´ñsă´, gaa´.

Crow (tribe)—Gaa´k`i´ägo.

Crow, The—Gaa´-boho´n.

crown of head—dänpa´-iñgya.

cry, I—äa´lyi.

cuirass—hâ´ñ-t'o´gyä, k`a´-t'o´gyä.

current (of stream)—to´ñzo´.

curve (noun)—to´i.

curved—taha´.

cut, I—gyäk`a´go, gyätä´`dă; cf. knife, k`a.

Cut-off—K`a´t`a (a Kiowa division).

dance—gu´ăn.

dangerous—see terrible.

Dangerous-eagle—Gu´ato-ze´dălbe.

dawn (noun)—gyäpa´-iñgya, ki´ăt'ä´; cf. morning.

day—ki´adă.

Day, Agent George D.—Ĭ´masä´nmot.

dead—hem; cf. die.

Deep creek, on reservation—Säne p'a.

deer—kyai´`guan, ta´ñgia, t'äp.

Deer creek, Oklahoma—Gyai´-yä´daldä p'a.

deformed—see spoiled.

Delaware (tribe)—Wa´băna´ki.

Delaware creek, on reservation—K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i p'a.

Devil river, Texas—Hi´ădăl gyu´ñhä´te p'a.

Devil's Tower, Wyoming—Tso´-ai´.

die (verb)—hem, hi´ñată´.

diminutive suffixes—-e, -i, -tse´yu.

dissatisfied, I am—atä´ñta.

dog—tse´ñhi.

Dog Soldier—Ya´`pähe´, Kâ´itse´ñko.

dogwood (Cornus asperifolia)—sek`a´n.

Double mountain, Texas—Yi´a k`op.

Double-mountain fork of Brazos river, Texas—Yia k`op p'a (?).

Double-vision—A Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875 (Report, 1875); not known by Indians under this name.

down (noun)—(of feathers) tso´ñkya; of fruit, as a peach; fine fur, fuzz, pa.

downy—pagi. Cf. down, pa.

drag, I—deku´eba´ (see etku´egan).

dragonfly—ka´-ikonho´dal.

driftwood—äzo´t (?).

driveway (for catching antelope)—zo´tă´, t'a-zo´tă´.

Duck creek, Texas—Sa´`kon-yä´daldä p'a.

dung—sa´gya.

dust—paiñ.

dusty—gyäpaiñ´yum, paiñ´yoñhä´.

dwell—k`udal.

eagle (golden)—gu´atohi´ñ.

Eagle-heart—a Kiowa raider in 1871; Gu´atote´nte (?).

ear—t'a.

earth—dom.

east—pai´-ba´te de`pe´bä (see pai´-ba´da).

eat—gyä`pa´to; cf. eating and food.

eating—-piä.

eight—yä´`se.

elbow—mâ´nte´m; cf. arm.

Elliott, Fort, Texas—Iyu´gu´a P'a Sole´go.

elk—ko`ga´-i.

Elk—Ko`ga´-i, Ko`gu´i.

Elk creek, on reservation—Donä´i p'a, Ko`ga´-i p'a.

Elk creek, east fork, on reservation—Ä`ga´-i p'a.

[Elk creek,] middle fork, on reservation—Ä´gi´ăni p'a.

elm (Ulmus)—ta´ä´.

Elm fork, Oklahoma—Atäntai´ p'a.

El Paso Mexicans—Pä´sûñko.

emigrants—hop; cf. immigrants, tsähop, and travel, ho.

Emigrant road (Texas to California)—Ho´an-t'a`ka´-i.

end (nonn)—aka´ngya, pätsä´t.

endure, you—o´ba-ikă´.

enemy—gyai´k`i; cf. hate, nyägyai´to.

entrails—äti, setä, bot.

erect (adj.)—taha´.

escarpment—see bluff.

Essequeta—Ĕ´sikwi´ta.

evening—da´mkoñ´ga, deko´mdo´legya.

exterminate—see massacre.

eye—dä.

face—dobä.

fall from sky (verb)—p'e´`gyä.

far below (deep)—doñ´iga.

Fast-bear—a Kiowa raider in 1871.

fat—don´.

feather—ägo (see ä).

Feather-head—Tseñtä´nmo.

female suffixes—-mä, -tsä.

fight—gi´ägyä.

finger—index finger, mâ´ngo´m; see also arm, mândă´.

fire—piă.

five—o´nto.

flap of tipi—kompa´ka.

flat—kope´dal, ka´-igihä´.

Flathead (tribe)—´daltoñ-ka´-igihä´go.

flint—k`a´-iko´n.

Flying-squirrel—Cha-hon-de-ton.

folded (said of feathers)—tä`lä´.

foliage—ai´deñ.

Fontaine qui Bouille creek, Colorado—Toñtep p'a.

food—pi´äñgya; cf. eat; food in stomach, sa´dal.

foolish—â´dalka-i.

foot—anso´.

fork (of a stream)—-pähä´dal; fork for eating, gi´a-tso´ñi; see also branch, po´to´.

Fort Larned, Kansas—Mânka-gûădal-de P'a-gya Yä´`pähe gi´ădal-de´e´.

four—yi´ä`gyä´.

Fourth of July—Tso´lai´.

freeze—do´`gyäbo´n.

freighters—kotä´dalhop.

Frizzle-head—´dalpepte.

fruit— -e, -i (suffix).

fur—pa.

furnished with, having— -sadal, -do, -dă (suffix).

game (playing)—a.

Gap-in-the-woods—Howi´a.

George Washington—a Caddo chief in 1871.

German silver—hâñ-kope´dal; see also metal, hâ´ñgya.

Girand creek (?), Texas—To´ñtep-e´dal p'a.

girl—mä´ta´n.

gold—â´dalhâñ-gu´ădal; see also metal, hâ´ñgya.

goose—gañ, tsädal.

gorget—see necklace.

Grand river, South. Dakota—K`adal p'a.

grass—son.

Gray-eagle—an Apache delegate to Washington in 1872.

great—e´dal.

green—sâ´he.

grins, he—ĭmto´nomo.

Grosventres—Botk`i´ägo (Algonquian); Henoñ´ko (Siouan).

ground (noun)—see earth.

grow—see sprout.

gun—häñze´pko.

gunpowder—hâ´ñpaiñ.

gypsum—de´no`te´li.

Gypsum creek, Oklahoma—De´no`te´li p'a.

hail—âdal.

Hall, Agent J. Lee—K`o´dal-gu´ădal.

Hancock, General W. S.—Pa´sotkyä`to´.

hard—got, k`an.

hare-lip—poli´ăkya.

hat—boho´n.

hate, I—nyägyai´to.

have, I—gyädo´.

hawk—ä`ga´-i, songu´ăto, tongu´ădal.

Haworth, Agent J. M.—Se´npo-gu´ădal.

head—â´daltem.

Heap-of-bears—Se´tdaya´-ite.

heart—ten.

hemorrhage, he had a—sa´omhä´pä.

Herantsa—Heno´ñko.

Hidatsa—Heno´ñko.

hide (noun)—ka´-i.

high—see long, erect.

hill—yä´daldä, k`op, ba´dlo´.

hog—setse´yu.

Hog creek, on reservation—Setse´yu p'a.

hole—tä´dăldă.

horn—guñ.

horned toad—se´hän.

Horne Frog (sic)—Con-a-hen-ka.

horse—tseñ, päbo, gobe.

Horse (society)—Kâ´itse´ñko.

Horse's Back—Tä´yăkwo´ip.

hot—gyäsä´dal, sä`lä´ti.

house—do´.

Hueco Tanks, Texas—Tso-do´i-gyätä´dă'-de´e.

hunt, I—gyädo´nmo; see edo´nmo.

Hunt, Agent P. B.—Ta´dalk`i´a.

ice—de´ñgyä.

idol—see amulet.

immigrants—tsä´hop; see also travel, ho.

Indians—Gi´agu´ădalta´ga.

initiate (into Kâ´itse´ñko)—ä´opañ, o´pän.

insect—p'odal.

intestine—see entrails.

iron or steel—hâ´ñgya.

Iron-shirt—(1) A´`päta´te; (2) Ba-zhe-ech.

Iron-shoe—Hâñdo´ti.

island—a`da´.

issue of rations (period)—ko´ñaka´n.

Jicarilla—K`op-tagu´i.

Kansas, Kansans—T'o´t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.

Kansas (tribe), Kaw—Ga´ñsa.

Karankawa or Carrizo—Dohe´ñko.

kettle—doä´to.

Kichai (tribe)—see Do`gu´at.

Kichai hills, on reservation—O´nhonoñ-yä´-daldä.

kick, I—gyä´ango´p.

Kicking-bird—T'ene´-ango´pte.

kill—eho´tal.

Kiowa—Gâ´igwŭ. The popular form occurs in a number of geographic designations in the west, among which are the following: Colorado—Kiowa, Elbert county; Kiowa creek, a tributary of South Platte river. Indian Territory—Kiowa, Choctaw Nation. Kansas—Kiowa, Barber county; Kiowa county; Kiowa creek, Comanche county, better known as Satanta's fork, a tributary of Cimarron river. Nebraska—Kiowa, Thayer county; Kiowa creek, Scott county, a Kiowa village site in 1815. New Mexico—Kiowa, Colfax county. Oklahoma—Kiowa creek, Kiowa Medicine-lodge creek, tributaries of North Canadian river. Texas—Kiowa creek.

Kiowa Apache (tribe)—Semät, Tagu´i.

Kiowa Medicine-lodge creek, Oklahoma—K`a´do´ p'a.

knife—k`a.

Kwahadi Comanche—Gwa´hale´go.

lake—setso´.

lame—toñp'o´dal.

lamentation—ä´`gyä; cf. cry, äa´lyi.

lance (noun)—guñse´to.

large—bi´an, edal.

Larned, Fort, Kansas—Aikoñ P'a Yä`pähe´gya.

Las Animas river, Colorado—Tso p'a.

Las Moras creek, Texas—T`añ-yä´daldä p'a.

last (of a series)—aka´ngya.

lead (metal)—hâñ-ze´bat (see also metal, hâñgya).

lean (adjective)—ta´dal.

leave behind wrapped up, I—gyäko´da.

leaves—see foliage.

Lebos creek, Oklahoma—Aikoñ Tsen p'a.

left-handed—ka´bodal.

leg—toñti.

leggin—kati.

lie down, I—äk`a´ (see k'a).

like, I—eoñ´ti.

Lipan (tribe)—Ä´-tagu´i.

lips—see mouth.

little—sän, t'an.

Little Beaver creek, on reservation—P'o P'a Sän.

Little-robe—(1) Ka´äsä´nte. (2) A Cheyenne chief in 1874.

Little Washita river, on reservation—O´nhono´ñ p'a.

Little Wichita river, Texas—Tsen p'a.

Lone-chief—a Pawnee chief in 1870 (see Winters 1871—72, 1872—73).

Lone-wolf—Gu´i-pä´go.

long—gi´ăni, gyu´ñi, gyu´ñhä´te.

Lyon, Fort, Colorado—Tso´paiñ Do´.

McIntosh, Fort, Texas—P'a-e´dal-t'a`ka´-igya.

Mackenzie, General R. S.—Mâ´ngomhe´ñte.

Madison, William (or Matthewson)—Se´npo-ze´dălbe.

maggot—iyu´gu´.

make, to—âm (root).

male (suffix)— -pa.

man—k`iñ´ähi, -k`ia, -k`i (suffix).

Mandan (tribe)—Do´ho´n.

manifold (noun)—sa´dalka´ñi.

Martinez, Andres—Än´dali.

massacre—ä´oto´n.

measles—a´`gat-ho´dal.

measure (noun)—on.

meat—gi.

medicine—da-i, dahä´.

Medicine bluff, on reservation—Tso´`kadahä´.

Medicine-bluff creek, on reservation—Tso´`kada´hä p'a.

Medicine dance or Medicine lodge—see Sun dance.

Medicine-lodge creek, Kansas and Oklahoma—Ä´yä´daldä p'a.

mescal—see peyote.

Mescalero (tribe)—Ĕ´sikwita.

metal—hâ´ñgya.

Mexicans—Ä´-t'a`ka´-i, Do`ka´ñi-t'a`ka´-i, K'o´-p-t'a`ka´-i, P'a-edal-t'a`ka´-i, Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, Tso´-t'a`ka´-i, Tso´ñ-t'a`ka´-i.

middle—kopa´-iñgya.

midwinter—sä´-kop.

migrate—tep, ho.

mile—on.

Minitarí (tribe)—Heno´ñko.

Missouri (tribe)—Mäsu´ără.

Missouri river—Tso´sa´ p'a.

moccasin—doti.

money—â´dalhâ´ñgya.

month, or moon—-p'a.

morning—gi´ñăga, ki´ädä; cf. dawn, gyäpa´-iñgya.

mortar (of stone)—tsodo´m.

mountain—k`op, yä´daldä.

mourning, ceremonial—do´a´t.

mouth—bedal.

move about, I,—äto´yă; they (inanimate) ——, gyäze´mä.

Muchacho (personal name)—Mo´tsätse´.

mud—tsen.

Mule creek, Oklahoma—Tädalkop p'a.

musselshell (one variety)—k`o´dali´ätoñ.

mustache—se´npo.

Mustang creek (?), Texas—K`a´-ikon p'a.

Myers, Agent W. D.—Maiz.

mysterious—see medicine.

My-young-brother—Pa-con-ta.

name (noun)—kâ´ñgya.

Navaho (tribe)—Ä´bäho´ko, Kotse´nto.

neck—k`odal; see also throat, o´si.

necklace—k`o´dalpä.

negro—ko´ñkyäo´ñk`ia.

nest, to build a—äntsenku´ădal.

New Mexicans, or New Mexico—K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i(-do´mbe), Tso-t'a`ka´-i(-do´mbe).

Nez Percé (tribe)—´dalk`ato´igo.

Nichols, Agent Lieutenant Maury—Do´guatalta´r'de.

night—gi´ñăgya, gi´ñăto´gya, gi´ñ-kopa´-iñgya.

Night, the—He-pan-ni-gais.

nine—ga´`se.

noon—ki´äsa´.

North creek, Kansas—see Satanta creek, Kansas.

North Canadian river, Oklahoma—P'o p'a.

North fork of Red river, Oklahoma—K`op Pe p'a.

nose—mak`o´n.

nostril—sen.

notched—ak`a´.

now—i´ñhogo.

Nueces river, Texas—Donä´i p'a.

Nuevo Leon, Mexico—Ä´-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.

oak—do`go´t-ä.

Oak creek, reservation—Ka`do´liä p'a.

ocean—domo´ntoñ.

of (possessive)— -de (suffix).

offspring—see child.

old man—e´dalk`i´a, kyä´`to´.

Omaha (trihe)—O´moho´ñko.

Omaha dance—O´homoñ-gu´ăn.

one—pägo.

One-bear—Set-pä´go.

one-sided—see sloping.

One-who-is-surrendered, the—A-ei-kenda.

orange—see plum, älo´.

Osage (tribe)—K`apä´to, Ä´hyäto.

otter—apeñ.

Otter creek, on reservation—P'o p'a.

owl—mahi´ñ, sa´podal.

Pacer—an Apache chief, who died in 1875; the name is an American corruption and misconception of his Mexican name Peso, signifying "dollar" or "money," a Spanish rendering of his proper Apache name Dego. He was a brother of Goñkoñ, better known as Apache John.

pain (noun)—kop.

paint, painted—gyä`gu´atda, gu´ădaldă´.

Painted-lips—Tĭ´pinävo´n.

Palo duro—Ä´`go´tä.

Palo-duro creek, in panhandle, Texas—Ä´`go´tä p'a.

partner—tsä´.

Paseños—Pä´sûñko.

Paso—see Pacer.

pass (noun)—see canyon.

past (adverb)—see after.

Pawnee (tribe)—Gu´igyä´ko.

Pawnee fork, Kansas—A´ikoñ p'a.

peach—pa´gi-älo´ (see plum, älo´).

Pease river, Texas—Tsä´to-yä´daldä Pe p'a.

pecan—donä´i.

Pecos river, New Mexico—P'a-e´dal sän.

Pedro—Belo.

Pe´näteka Comanche—Ä´-gyai´`ko, Gya´i`ko.

peninsula—pi´ho´.

people— -k`i´ägo, -gyäko (suffix).

Peso—see Pacer.

pet (noun)— -tseyu (suffix).

peyote (Lophophora)—se´ñi.

picture—guăt(-gya).

Pike's peak (?), Colorado—Guadal k'op.

pimple—a´`gat.

pinto—see variegated.

pipe—sa´top.

plant—see e´`gu´.

Platte river (north and south), Nebraska—K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a, Don p'a.

Pleiades—Dä´-mäta´n(-ta).

plum—älo´.

pomme blanche (Psoralea)—äzo´n.

pond—setso´.

Pond creek, Wichita reservation—Se´np'odal-e´ p'a.

Ponka (tribe)—´daltoñ-âdalka´-igihä´go.

Poor-bear—Gu´ăñteka´na, Se´t-ta´dal.

Poor-buffalo—Pa´-ta´dal.

Post-oak creek, on reservation—see Oak creek.

pot—doä´to.

pouch—bi´ĭmkâ´-i.

powder—see gunpowder.

Powder river, Montana and Wyoming—Hâ´ñpaiñ p'a.

powerful—see terrible.

prairie—pägyä.

prairie-dog—tsäto.

Prairie-dog (personal name)—Ka-him-hi.

prickly—señ.

prickly-pear (Opuntia)—se´ñ-älo´.

principal (adjective)—see real.

prong—see branch.

Pueblo (tribes)—Te´guă(-go).

Purgatoire river, Colorado—Tso p'a.

Quahada—see Kwahadi Comanche.

quail (noun)—-peñ sän; cf. turkey, peñ.

Quanah Parker—Gu´a´na.

Quapaw (tribe)—Ä´läho´.

quiver (noun)—sabiñ´a.

rabbit—poläñ´yi.

race (noun, contest)—tsä´nkia.

ragweed (Ambrosia)—ä´sâhe´.

rain—sep.

Rainy mountain, on reservation—Se´p-yä´daldä´.

Rainy-mountain creek, on reservation—Se´pyä´daldä p'a, Tsen p'a, Tsodo´m p'a.

Rate creek (?), Colorado—Se´ñ-älo´ p'a.

Rath, Charles—Tsâ´li Esä´n.

rattlesnake—säne´hiñ.

Raven or Raven Soldiers—Toñkoñ´ko.

real— -hiñ (suffix).

red—gu´ădal.

Red mountain (?), Colorado—Guadal k`op.

Red river, of Texas and Indian Territory—Pe p'a edal.

Red-deer creek, Texas—Ko`ga´-i p'a.

Red-food—a chief of the Nokoni Comanche in 1874.

Red hills, Oklahoma—Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal-do´ha´.

Red-otter—A´peñ-gu´ădal.

Ree, Arikara (tribe)—K`a´t'a.

Ree river, South Dakota—see Grand river.

repeat a ceremony, to—ä´dăldä.

reptile—po'dal.

rib (bone)—gu´ătem (see gu´ătoñ).

rice—iyu´gu´-e.

rind—see shell.

Rio Grande—P'a edal.

river—-p'a.

road—ho´an.

robe, buffalo robe—ka.

Rochester, Mount, Texas—Da´-do´ha´.

rock (noun)—tso.

Rocky mountains—No general name; different portions are called Gâ-i k`op, Iătä k`op, K`o´b-etă´, etc.

rope—yaipo.

rub—see somta.

rush, cat-tail (Equisetum)—donpä.

Sabinas river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico—Se´ñä p'a.

Sabinas Hidalgo (or lower Salado) river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico—Don-äi p'a.

sacred—see medicine.

sacrifice—päñgun (noun); gyäpä´amda´ (verb); see also pägun.

saddle—ta´gyä.

saddle blanket—taka´-i.

Saddle mountain, on reservation—Ta´-k`o´p.

Sailor (personal name)—Setä.

Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico—Señ p'a.

Saline river (?), Kansas—Ho´tgyäsĭ´m p'a.

salt—a´täntai´.

Salt fork of Arkansas river, Oklahoma—A´täntai´ p'a.

Salt fork of Red river, Oklahoma—Dä´-mäta´n-ä´ p'a.

sand—pe.

Sand creek, Colorado—Toñhe´ñ p'a.

San Francisco creek, Oklahoma—K`obä´ p'a.

San Pedro river, Texas—see Devil river.

San Saba river, Texas—Tso p'a.

Santa Fé trail—Sese p'a ho´an.

Santa Rosa mountains, Coahuila, Mexico—Do´`kañi k`op.

Sarsi (tribe)—Pa´k`iägo.

sash (ribbon)—yaipo.

Satanta creek, Kansas—Set-t'a´iñte T'a`ka´-imai´mo e´`paga´ni-de p'a.

Saturday—Daki´a-sän.

Scalp dance—´dalda `gu´ăn.

Scott, Capt. H. L., U. S. A.—Hâñtäk`i´a.

Scott, Mount, on reservation—K`ob-e´tă´.

Scout creek, Texas—Poho´n-ä p'a.

Sea-gull (personal name)—T'ene´-ko´ñkya.

sell—see trade.

Seminole (tribe)—Ä´domko.

serrated—see notched.

seven—pänse´.

sharpen—gyäpä´to.

Shawano, Shawnee (tribe)—Sa´wăno.

sheep—ga´bodăli.

sheep, wild—ä´dalto´yi.

Sheep (a society)—Ä´dalto´yui.

shell (of nut, etc)—kañi.

Sheridan, Mount, on reservation—K`o´b-o´täbo.

shield (noun)—kyu´ñi.

Shield—Ki´ñep.

shirt—t'o´gyä.

shoe—doti.

shoot—deta´`bo; see eta´`ga.

short—tse´, kontse´.

Shoshoni (tribe)—so´ndo´ta.

shoulder—kato´n.

shower—bi´ăsot.

sick, I am—äho´dalda.

sickness—hodal.

side (of house, etc)—see wall.

Sierra Madre, Mexico—K`o´b-e´tă´.

Signal mountain, on reservation—K`optai´-de-do´-tse´dalte.

Sill, Fort, on reservation—Tso´`kada´hä´gya.

silver—a´dalhâ´ñ-t'a´iñ; see metal, hâ´ñgya, and money, â´dalhâ´ñgya.

Silver-brooch—Tă´săwi.

Silver-knife—Hâ´ñt'aiñk`a´.

similar—pä´tsoga.

sit—ä´ngya.

Sitting-bull—Pa´-ä´ngya.

situated upon—tse´dalte.

six—mă´să´.

skin—kagya, ka´-i.

skull—see head.

skunkberry—t'a´ñpe-ä´.

Sleeping-wolf—Gu´i-k`a´te.

sleeve—mânka; cf. arm and finger.

sloping (adjective)—habä´.

smallpox—tä´dalkop.

Smith, John—Poho´me.

Smoky-hill river, Kansas—Pe p'a.

smooth—t´añi.

snake—sä´ne´, p'odal.

soldier—yä´`pähe´, so´le.

solitary—pägo.

Son-of-the-Sun—Pai´-tälyi´.

song—da´gya.

sour—a´tän.

South Canadian river, of Oklahoma and Texas—Gu´ădal p'a.

spear—see lance.

split (adjective)—see spoiled.

spoiled—-p'o´dal (-ta).

spring (season)—a´se´gya.

spring (of water)—to´ñtep.

sprout—ek`i´ädă, gyäk`i´ädă, gyäpa´ta.

spy (verb)—äko´ä.

Staked plain, of Texas and New Mexico—Päsä´ngyä.

star—dä.

stay (verb)—see dwell.

steal—see ä´semtse.

steel—hâ´ñgya.

stingy—sa´bă.

stink (verb)—gyäbo´nsi.

Stinking creek, on reservation—Zo´dăltoñ p'a.

Stinking-saddle—Taka´-i-p'o´dal.

stomach—bot.

stone—tso.

Stone-calf—a hostile Cheyenne chief in 1874—75.

stream (noun)—p'a, ase´.

strong—got; cf. hard.

Stumbling-bear—Se´t-ĭmki´a.

stupid—â´dalka´yu´m; (see also foolish).

sugar—penä.

Sugar creek, on reservation—Tsen p'a.

Sugar creek (east fork of Rainy-mountain creek), on reservation—Tsodo´m p'a. Cf. Se´pyä´daldä p'a.

Sugar creek, on Wichita reservation—Penä p'a.

Sulphur springs (?), Martin county, Texas—Bon toñ.

summer—pai´gya.

summit—pi´ăya; cf. top.

sun—pai.

Sun-boy, or Sun's-son—Pai´-tälyi´; ´dalbea´hya.

Sun dance—K'a´do´.

Sunday—Daki´ada.

sunrise—pa´i-ba´da.

surround, we—gyätä´dă.

swan—tsä´dal-t'a´iñ.

Swan—Tsä´dal-t'a´iñ.

Swan lake, on Wichita reservation—Setso´, Se´np'odal-e´ Setso´.

sweat (noun)—sä´daltep.

sweat-house—sä´dalgu´ăt, bo´npä.

Sweetwater creek, Texas—Iyu´gu´a p'a.

Swift-fox—a Kiowa Apache warrior order, according to Clark; unidentified, but not the Kâ´itse´ñko or Toñko´ñko (see page 230).

tail—ton.

take out—gyäku´atda.

tall—gi´ăni.

Tamaulipas, Mexico—Ä´-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.

tattoo—see picture.

Tatum, Agent Lawrie—Dänpa´-iñgyat'a-i.

Tawa´koni (tribe)—see Do`gu´at.

Tawa´koni Jim—principal chief of the confederated Wichita, Waco, and Tawakoni tribes, and judge of the Indian court in 1888; still living.

ten—ga´kiñ.

Ten-bears—Pä´riăse´amän.

terrible—ze´dălbe.

Texas, southeast—Ä´-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe. The name is applied also to Tamaulipas.

then, or there—o´hyo.

thigh—pa´ki.

this—i´ñhoti.

three—päo.

throat—osi; cf. k`odal, neck.

throat, I cut his—gyäo´k`atemä (see ĭmk`o´daltä).

thunder—pa´sot.

tie, I,—gyäpä´-imo; cf. initiate.

timber—ä.

tin—hâñ-t'aiñ (see also metal, hâ´ñgya).

tipi, house—do´.

tipi pole—guntä.

tomorrow—kyähi´ñaga.

Tonkawa (tribe)—K`i´ñähi-pi´ako.

tooth—zoñ.

top—(of mountain, etc) pi´ăya; (end) pätsä´t.

Top-of-the-mountain—Doha´sän.

tortoise—see turtle.

trachea—osi.

track (noun)—an.

trade, I,—dega´ñta.

trail—ho´an.

Traitor creek, Texas—see Sweetwater creek, Texas.

trap—po, hâñ-po.

trappers—hâ´ñpoko.

travel, I,—äho´ä (see ho).

Travel song—Gu´ada´gya.

travois—tse´guan (see dog, tse´ñhi).

tree—ädo, pep.

tree-tops—ä´pätsä´t.

tripe—abi´ñ (?).

triumph (noun)—ka´gyä (see also ĭmka´gyä´gya).

turkey—peñ.

turtle—k`a´nki´ñ, to´nak`a´.

twin—pä´da-i.

two—yi´a.

Two-butte creek, Colorado—Ä´zót P'a (?) Pa p'a (?).

udder—azä´.

uncommon—see abnormal.

United States—T'o´-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe.

useless—see spoiled.

Ute (tribe)—I´ătä´go.

Uvalde canyon (?), Texas—Dan-toñ.

Valdez—Pä´li.

valley—hi´ădal.

variegated—t'o´igu´ăt.

Viejo—Bi´ăko.

vizor—gañto´n, päbo.

vomit (noun)—zodal.

Waco (tribe)—see Do´`guat.

wailing (noun)—see lamentation.

wait! (imperative)—hi´tugŭ´!

Walking-bear—Setmä´nte.

wall—k'aga.

walnut—poho´n-ä´, poho´n-e´.

Walnut creek (upper) Kansas—Tsodalhe´ñ-de p'a.

Walsh, Mount, Oklahoma—K`o´b-aka´n.

Wanderer creek (?), Oklahoma—Tso´-t'ai´ñ p'a.

war-bonnet—ätaha´-i.

War-club (a society)—T'äñpe´ko.

war expedition—dam.

warrior—yä´`pähe´.

Washita river, Oklahoma—Ä´guntä p'a.

Washita river forks, Oklahoma—Yi´a-p'a-da´ti.

water—toñ.

water-lily (?)—se´np'odal-e´.

weasel—sa´dălso´mte.

web, of spider—po.

week—koñtä´kia.

West Cache creek, on reservation—Gwa´hale p'a.

wheel (noun)—kotä´dal.

whet, I,—gyäso´nmo (see somta).

whetstone—k`a-pä´ti.

Whirlwind—principal chief of the Cheyenne in 1874.

whistle (noun)—tso´dăltem.

Whitacre, Charles W. (or Whittaker)—Tsâli.

white—t'aiñ.

White river, Texas—T'aiñ p'a.

White, E. E., special agent—T'aiñte.

White-bear—Set-t'ai´ñte.

White-bird—Sen-son-da-cat.

White-deer creek (?), Texas—T'ä´ñpeä´ p'a.

White-horn—Tĭ´l-`lakai´.

White-horse—Tseñt'ai´ñte.

White-man—T'a`ka´-itai´de.

White-people—Be´dalpa´go.

White-shield—A Cheyenne chief in 1874.

White-wolf—A hostile Comanche chief in 1874.

Wichita (tribe)—Do`gu´at.

Wichita mountains, on reservation—Do`gu´at k`op.

willow—se´ñä.

wind (breeze)—go´mgyä.

windbreak—do´ä.

wing—tsodal.

winter—sai, sai´gya.

Wise, Fort, Colorado—Tso´paiñ Do´.

without (privative)— -heñ (in composition).

wolf—gu´i.

Wolf creek, Oklahoma—Gu´i p'a.

Wolf-hair—a debatable Kiowa warrior killed by Mexicans in 1835—36 (Scott); said by Se´t-t'a´n to be properly Do´-e´dalte, q. v.

Wolf's-name—Ĭ´sänä´năka.

Wolf's-sleeve—Babi´`pa´.

woman—mä´ñyi´.

Woman-heart—Mäñyi´-te´n.

wonderful—ze´dălbe; see also medicine, da´-i.

worm—p'odal, iyu´gu´.

worn out (adjective)—komse´.

wrinkled—aka´-i.

write, I—gyä`gu´ătda´.

writing—see picture.

year—see winter.

yellow—gu´ak`o.

Yellow-buffalo—Pa´-gu´ak`o.

Yellowstone river, Montana—Tso´sa´ p'a.

yes—ho, hâ (jargon, how!).

yesterday—ki´äde´dal.

young man—do´guătal.

Zarah, Fort, Kansas—Tsodalhe´ñ-de P'a´gya Yä´`pähe´-k`u´dal-de´e.