CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA INDIANS BY JAMES MOONEY

Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-96, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 129—444

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 141

Age of aboriginal American records 141

Aboriginal American calendars 141

The Walam Olum of the Delawares 142

The Dakota calendars 142

Other tribal records 142

The Kiowa calendars 143

The Annual calendars of Dohásän, Poläñ´yi-katón, Set-t'an, and Anko 143

The Anko monthly calendar 145

Comparative importance of events recorded 145

Method of fixing dates 146

Scope of the memoir 147

Acknowledgments 147

Sketch of the Kiowa tribe 148

Tribal synonymy 148

Tribal sign 150

Linguistic affinity 150

Tribal names 152

Genesis and migration 152

Early alliance with the Crows 155

The associated Kiowa Apache 156

The historical period 156

Possession of the Black Hills 156

The extinct K'úato 157

Intercourse with the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa 158

Recollections of other northern tribes 160

Acquirement of horses 160

Intercourse and war with the Comanche 161

Peace with the Comanche 162

Confederation of the two tribes 164

Neutral attitude of New Mexicans 165

Relations_with_other_southern_tribes 165

First_official_American_notices_1805_1807 165

Explanation of "Aliatan" and "Tetau" 167

Unsuccessful overtures of the_Dakota 167

Smallpox epidemic of 1816 168

The Kiowa in 1820 168

The Osage massacre and the dragoon expedition, 1833—34 168

The treaty of 1837 169

Catlin's observations in 1834 171

Traders among the Kiowa 171

First visit to Fort Gibson 172

Smallpox epidemic of 1839—40—Peace with the Cheyenne and Arapaho 172

Texan Santa Fé expedition 172

Cholera epidemic of 1849 173

Fort Atkinson treaty in 1853 173

Depredations in Mexico—Mexican captives 173

Defeat of allied tribes by Sauk and Fox, 1854 174

Hostile drift of the Kiowa 175

Defiant speech of Dohásän 175

Smallpox epidemic of 1861—62 176

Indian war on the plains, 1864 176

Vaccination among the plains tribes—Set-t'aiñte 177

The little Arkansas treaty in 1865 178

Death of Dohásän 180

Kiowa raids continued 181

The treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867, and its results 181

Renewed hostilities 186

Battle of the Washita—Removal to the reservation 187

Further insolence of the Kiowa—Raids into Texas 188

Intertribal peace council, 1872 190

Joint delegation to Washington, 1872 190

Thomas C. Battey, first teacher among the Kiowa, 1872 193

Report of Captain Alvord 193

Release of Set-t'aiñte and Big-tree, 1873 195

Haworth's administration, 1873—78 197

First school established by Battey 198

The outbreak of 1874—75 199

Causes of the dissension 199

The Comanche medicine-man 201

Apache and Arapaho friendliness 202

Further defiance 202

Battle of Adobe Walls 203

Friendlies collected at Fort Sill 203

Fight at Anadarko, the Wichita agency 204

Set-t'aiñte 206

Progress of the campaign 210

Surrender of the Cheyenne 212

Prisoners sent to Florida 213

The Germaine family 213

Surrender of the Comanche 214

Proposition to deport hostile tribes 214

Kicking-bird 216

Changed conditions 218

Epidemics of measles and fever in 1877—First houses built 218

Agency removed to Anadarko—The last of the buffalo 218

Threatened outbreak instigated by Dátekâñ 219

Epidemic of 1882—Beginning of church work 219

Leasing of grass lands 219

Pá-iñgya, the medicine man and prophet 220

Indian court established 220

Intertribal council of 1888 221

Death of Sun-boy—The last sun dance 221

Ghost dance inaugurated—Äpiatañ's journey in 1890 221

Enlistment of Indians as soldiers 223

Measles epidemic of 1892—Grass lands leased 223

Commission for allotment of lands—Protest against decision 224

Present condition—Agents in charge of confederate tribes 225

Summary of principal events 226

Sociology of the Kiowa 227

Absence of the clan system 227

Local divisions 227

Subtribes 227

The camp circle 228

Military organization—Yä`´pähe warriors 229

Heraldic system 230

Name system 231

Marriage 231

Tribal government 233

Character 233

Population 235

Religion of the Kiowa 237

Scope of their belief 237

The sun 237

Objects of religious veneration 238

Tribal medicines of other Indians 242

The sun dance 242

The Nadíisha-dena or Kiowa Apache 245

Tribal synonymy 245

Tribal sign 246

Origin and history 246

First official American notice 251

Treaties 251

Delegation to Washington, 1872—Friendly disposition 251

Progress toward civilization—Death of Pacer, 1875 252

Recent history and present condition 252

Population 253

The annual calendars, 1833—1892 254

1832—33. Money captured from American traders 254

1833. Massacre by the Osage and capture of the taíme—Pedestrian war parties—Beheading 257

1833—34. Meteoric display 260

1834. Dragoon expedition—First official intercourse—Trade established 261

1834—35. Bull-tail killed by Mexicans 269

1835. Cat-tail rush sun dance—Capture of Bóiñ-edal and Cynthia Parker 270

1835—36. Big-face or Wolf-hair killed in Mexico 270

1836. Wolf creek sun dance—Kiñep visit Crows—Battle with Cheyenne 271

1836—37. K`iñähíate killed in Mexico 271

1837. Cheyenne massacred on upper Red river 271

1837—38. Head-dragging winter 272

1838. Kiowa and allies defeat Cheyenne and Arapaho 273

1838—39. Battle with the Arapaho 273

1839. Peninsula sun dance 274

1839—40. Smallpox ravages the plains tribes 274

1840. Red-bluff sun dance—Peace with Cheyenne and Arapaho 275

1840—41. Hide-quiver war expedition—Expeditions against Mexico 276

1841. Pawnee massacred on the South Canadian 276

1841—42. Encounter with Texan Santa Fé expedition—´dalhabä´k`ia killed 277

1842. Repeated sun dance 279

1842—43. Crow-neck died 280

1843. Nest-building sun dance—Encounter with Texans 280

1843—44. Woman stabbed—Raid into Mexico—Trading post on South Canadian 280

1844. Dakota sun dance—Dakota visit Kiowa 281

1844—45. Great expedition against Mexico—Ä´tahá-ik`i killed 282

1845. Stone necklace sun dance 283

1845—46. Bent establishes trading post on South Canadian.—Allison's post on the Arkansas 283

1846. Págunhéñte initiated—The Ka´itséñk`ia 283

1846—47. Mustache-shooting winter—Fight with the Pawnee 285

1847. Fight with the Santa Fé traders; Red-sleeve killed 286

1847—48. Camp on upper South Canadian 287

1848. Kâ´itséñko initiated 287

1848—49. Antelope drive on the Arkansas; the ceremonies 287

1849. Cholera on the plains—Treaty negotiations postponed 289

1849—50. Fight with the Pawnee—The scalp dance 290

1850. Chinaberry sun dance on Beaver creek 292

1850—51. Tañgíapa killed in Mexico 292

1851. Dusty sun dance—Treachery of the Pawnee 293

1851—52. Woman elopes and is frozen—"Stealing" a woman 294

1852. Allied tribes defeated by Pawnee—Iron-shirt killed 294

1852—53. Race horse stolen by Pawnee boy 295

1853. Showery sun dance—Taíme sacrilege 295

1853—54. Raid into Mexico, Päñgyägíate killed 296

1854. Medicine-lodge creek sun dance—Confederated tribes defeated by Sauk and Fox 297

1854—55. Gyaí`koaóñte killed by the Älähó 299

1855. Sitting summer; horses worn out 300

1855—56. Big-head kills an Älähó—Raid into Mexico 300

1856. Prickly-pear sun dance 301

1856—57. Tipis seized by the Cheyenne 301

1857. Forked-stick-sprouting sun dance—Expeditions against El Paso and the Sauk—Story of the ä´poto 301

1857—58. Horses stolen by the Pawnee 305

1858. Timber-circle sun dance 305

1858—59. Gúi-k`áte killed by Mexicans—Expedition against the Ute 306

1859. Cedar-bluff sun dance 306

1859—60. Gíaká-ite abandoned to die 307

1860. Attacked by troops with Indian allies—Increasing hostility 308

1860—61. Crazy bluff winter—Revenge upon Caddo—Raid into Texas—The zótă´ or driveway 309

1861. Horse sacrificed at sun dance—Sacrilege against taíme—The lost war party 310

1861—62. Smallpox—Effect of gold discovery in Colorado 311

1862. Sun dance after the smallpox 311

1862—63. Expedition against Texas—The echo in the tree tops—The Gua-dagya or travel song 312

1863. Sun dance on No-arm's river 313

1863—64. Death of Big-head and Kills-with-a-gun—Anko calendar begins 313

1864. Ragweed sun dance—Kiowa stampede horses from Fort Larned; general war upon the plains 313

1864—65. Muddy travel winter—Kiowa repel Kit Carson 314

1865. Peninsula sun dance 317

1865—66. Death of Dohásän and Tä´nkóñkya—Smith's trading party 318

1866. German-silver sun dance—Whitacre the trader—Trade in silver with Mexicans 318

1866—67. Attack on Texas emigrants; Ä´pämâdalte killed—Andres Martinez captured 319

1867. Horses stolen by the Navaho—Kâitséñko initiated 319

1867—68. Medicine Lodge treaty—Expedition against the Navaho 320

1868. Sun dance on Medicine-lodge creek—Disastrous expedition against the Ute—The taíme captured 322

1868—69. Tän-gúădal killed; his medicine lance—Burial expedition 325

1869. War-bonnet sun dance—Expedition against the Ute 326

1869—70. Bugle stampede—The Cheyenne on the warpath 326

1870. Plant-growing sun dance 327

1870—71. Set-äñ´gya brings home his son's bones—Drunken fight—Negroes killed in Texas—Death of Ansó`te 328

1871. Koñpä´te killed—Arrest of Set-t'aiñte and other chiefs—Tragic death of Setäñgya—The Kâitséñko death song—Set-äñgya and Set-t'aiñte 328

1871—72 (1872—73). Peace with the Pawnee; removal to Indian Territory 333

1872. Bíako shot by whites in Kansas 335

1872—73. Visit of the Pueblos—Dohásän's tipi burned—Kiowa heraldic system 336

1873. Sun dance on Sweetwater creek—Guibadái's wife stolen 336

1873—74. Set-t'aiñte released—Lone-wolf's son killed 337

1874. Sun dance on North fork—Set-t´aiñte gives his medicine lance to Ä´`to-t'aiñ 338

1874—75. Fight at Anadarko—Gi-edal killed—Prisoners sent to Florida 339

1875. Sun dance at Love-making spring—Escorted by troops 339

1875—76. Sheep and goats issued to Indians—Stock losses by outbreak 339

1876. Sun dance on North fork—Sun-boy's horses stolen—Dóhéñ´te dies 340

1876—77. A`gábaí killed by her husband—Enlistment of scouts 340

1877. Sun dance on Salt fork of Red river—Ravages of measles 341

1877—78. Buffalo hunt—Fever epidemic—Houses built for chiefs 342

1878. Repeated sun dance—Buffalo hunt under soldier escort 343

1878—79. Hunting party attacked by Texans; Ä´`to-t'aiñ killed 343

1879. Horse-eating sun dance—Last of the buffalo—Boy shot 344

1879—80. "Eye-triumph winter"—Expedition against the Navaho—The talking owl 345

1880. No sun dance—Päbóte dies—Dead names tabooed 346

1880—81. Zoñtam's (?) house built—Last visit by the Pueblos 346

1881. Hot or hemorrhage sun dance—Instances of malformation 347

1881—82. The dó-á contest—The dó-á game—Dátekâñ's medicine tipi 347

1882. No sun dance because no buffalo—Stumbling-bear's daughter dies—Dátekâñ, the prophet 349

1882—83. Bót-édalte dies—Talk of grass leases 350

1883. Nez Percés visit Kiowa—The Nez Percé war—Taimete succeeds to the taíme 351

1883—84. House built by Gákiñăte—Children taken to Chilocco—Visited by Sioux 352

1884. No sun dance—Kiowa haul freight 352

1884—85. House building—Woman stolen 353

1885. Little Peninsula sun dance—First grass money 353

1885—86. T'ébodal's camp burned 354

1886. No sun dance—Anko a policeman—Grass payment 354

1886—87. Suicide of Peyi 354

1887. Buffalo bought for sun dance—Grass payment—Name changes 355

1887—88. Cattle received for grass leases 355

1888. Permission for sun dance refused—Excitement caused by the prophet Pá-iñgya 356

1888—89. Sun-boy dies—Anko splits rails 357

1889. No sun dance—Grass payment 358

1889—90. Grass payment—The Íâm dance 358

1890. Last attempt at sun dance; stopped by troops 358

1890—91. Ghost dance inaugurated; Ä´piatañ's mission—Schoolboys frozen 359

1891. P´ódaläñte killed—The Cheyenne visit the Kiowa 361

1891—92. P´ódaläñte killed—Enlistment of Indian soldiers 362

1892. Terrible ravages of measles—Large grass payment—Delegation to Washington—Appropriation for house building 362

Kiowa chronology 365

Terms employed 365

The seasons 366

Kiowa moons or months 367

Moons or months of other tribes 369

The Anko monthly calendar: August, 1889-July, 1892 373

T´águñótal P´a Sän (August, 1889); no event 373

T´águñótal P´a; no event 373

Gákiñăt´o P´a; woman whipped 373

Ä`gâ´nti; no event 373

Tépgañ P´a; wagon stalled 373

Gañhíña P´a (January? 1890); annuity issue 374

Ka`gúăt P´a Sän; mares foal 374

Ka`guăt P´a; split rails 374

Aideñ P´a; horses lost 374

Pai Ä`gâ´nti; visit Cheyenne 374

Pai Tépgañ P´a; visit Cheyenne again—first ghost dance 374

Pai Gañhíña P´a (July, 1890); sun dance stopped—grass payments 375

T´águñótal P´a Sän; no event 375

T´águñótal P´a; Äpiatañ goes to the messiah 375

Gákiñăt´o P´a; Sitting-bull comes 375

Ä`gâ´nti; no event 375

Tépgañ P´a; boys frozen 376

Gañhíña P´a (January? 1891); annuity issue 376

Ka`gúăt P´a Sän (February, 1891); Ä´piatañ returns 376

Ka`gúăt P´a; wire issue 376

Aídeñ P´a; no event 376

Pai Ägâ´nti (June, 1891); Caddo and Wichita agreement 376

Pai Tépgañ P´a (July, 1891); Fourth of July races 376

Pai Gañhíña P´a; Setk`opte's wife stolen 377

T´águñótal P´a Sän; the Pueblo dance 377

T´águñótal P´a; P´odalä´ñte killed 377

Gákiñat´o P´a; made medicine—cut wood 377

A`gâ´nti (November, 1892); lunar eclipse 377

Tépgañ P´a; no event 378

Gañhíña P´a (January? 1892); annuity issue 378

Ka`gúăt P´a Sän; wire issue 378

Ka`gúăt P´a: move camp—late frost 378

Aídeñ P´a (April, 1892); emigrant to Cheyenne country 378

Pai Ä`gâ´nti: Íatäkía dies—grass payment 378

Pai Tépgañ P´a; measles epidemic—grass payment 379

Pai Gañhíña P´a (July, 1892); Fourth of July races 379

T´águñótal P´a Sän (August, 1892); visit of Cheyenne and Arapaho 379

Military and trading posts, missions, etc 381

The Kiowa language 389

Characteristics 389

Kiowa-English glossary 391

English-Kiowa glossary 430

Authorities cited 440

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Plate LVII. Range of the Kiowa and neighboring tribes (map) 141

LVIII. Gui-pägo or Lone-wolf, principal chief, 1866—1874 189

LIX. Tseñ-t'aiñte or White-horse 190

LX. Gui-k`áte or Sleeping-wolf (Wolf-lying-down) and wife 192

LXI. Quanah Parker, principal chief of the Comanche 202

LXII. Inside of Set-t'aiñte's shield 208

LXIII. Outside of Set-t'aiñte's shield 210

LXIV. Set-ĭmkía or Stumbling-bear (Pushing-bear) 219

LXV. Paí-tälyí or Sun-boy 221

LXLXVI. Andres Martinez ("Än´dali") 236

LXVII. The Porcupine in the tree, and flight of the Sun-woman 238

LXVIII. Peyote plant and button 241

LXIX. The taíme 242

LXX. Arapaho sun-dance lodge, 1893 244

LXXI. Pacer (Peso), former head-chief of the Kiowa Apache 245

LXXII. Daha, a Kiowa Apache subchief 246

LXXIII. Kiowa migration route 249

LXXIV. Goñk`oñ or Apache John, a Kiowa Apache subchief 251

LXXV. The Sét-t'an annual calendar 254

LXXVI. Bóhon-kóñkya, "Quay-ham-kay," Gunpäñdâmä, and "Kotsatoah" (after Catlin) 268

LXXVII. Sand mosaic of the Hopi Antelope priests 296

LXXVIII. Lawrie Tatum, with group of rescued captives 331

LXXIX. The Do-gíägyä-guat or tipi of battle pictures 337

LXXX. The Anko calendar 373

LXXXI. Anko 374

Figure 43. Zépko-eétte or Big-bow 151

44. Dohásän or Little-bluff, principal chief, 1833—1866 175

45. Set-t'aiñte (Satanta) or White-bear 178

46. Set-ängya (Satank) or Sitting-bear 189

47. Tseñ-t'aiñte or White-horse 191

48. Ä´do-eétte or Big-tree 192

49. "Ka-ati-wertz-ama-na—A brave man, not afraid of any Indian" 195

50. T'ené-angópte or Kicking-bird 196

51. Gui-pägo or Lone-wolf, present head-chief of the Kiowa 200

52. Ä´piatañ or Wooden-lance 222

53. H. L. Scott, Captain, Seventh, cavalry, U. S. A. 224

54. A group of Kiowa 225

55. The Kiowa camp circle 229

56. Mäñyí-tén or Woman-heart, a typical Kiowa 232

57. Gaápiatáñ (alias Haitsĭki) or Feathered-lance, a typical Kiowa 234

58. Gray-eagle, a Kiowa Apache subchief 247

59. Tsáyădítl-ti or White-man, present head-chief of the Kiowa Apache 249

60. Dävéko, "The-same-one," a Kiowa Apache subchief and medicine-man 250

61. Sét-t'án or Little-bear 254

62. Winter 1832—33—Money captured 255

63. Summer 1833—They cut off their heads 258

64. Winter 1833—34—The stars fell 261

65. The star shower of 1833 (from the Dakota calendars) 261

66. Summer 1834—Return of Gunpä´ñdamä´ 261

67. Meeting of the dragoons and the Comanche (after Catlin) 264

68. Kĭ´tskûkătû´k, the Wichita village on North fork in 1834 267

69. Winter 1834—35—Bull-tail killed 269

70. Summer 1835—Cat-tail rush sun dance 269

71. Winter 1835—36—Big-face killed 270

72. Summer 1836—Wolf-river sun dance 271

73. Winter 1836—37—Ki´ñähíate killed 271

74. Summer 1837—Cheyenne massacred 271

75. Battle pictures (from the Dakota calendars) 272

76. Winter 1837—38—Head dragged 273

77. Summer 1838—Attacked by Cheyenne 273

78. Winter 1838—39—Battle with Arapaho 274

79. Summer 1839—Peninsula sun dance 274

80. Winter 1839—40—Smallpox 274

81. Smallpox (from the Dakota calendars) 275

82. Summer 1840—Red-bluff sun dance 275

83. Winter 1840—41—Hide-quiver war expedition 276

84. Summer 1841—Pawnee fight 276

85. Winter 1841—42—´dalhabä´k`ía killed 277

86. Summer 1842—Repeated sun dance 279

87. Winter 1842—43—Crow-neck died 280

88. Summer 1843—Nest-building sun dance 280

89. Winter 1843—44—Woman stabbed 281

90. Summer 1844—Dakota sun dance 281

91. Winter 1844—45—Ä´tahá-ik`í killed 282

92. Giving the war pipe (from the Dakota calendars) 282

93. Summer 1845—Stone-necklace sun dance 283

94. Winter 1845—46—Wrinkled-neck's trading post 283

95. Summer 1846—Hornless-bull initiated 284

96. Dog-soldier initiated (?) (from the Dakota calendars) 285

97. Winter 1846—47—Mustache shooting 286

98. Summer 1847—Red-sleeve killed 286

99. Winter 1847—48—Winter camp 287

100. Summer 1848—Initiation sun dance 287

101. Winter 1848—49—Antelope drive 287

102. Antelope drives (from the Dakota calendars) 288

103. Summer 1849—Cholera sun dance 289

104. Cholera (from the Dakota calendars) 290

105. Winter 1849—50—Dance over slain Pawnee 292

106. Summer 1850—Chinaberry sun dance 292

107. Winter 1850—51—Buck-deer killed 293

108. Summer 1851—Dusty sun dance; flag stolen 293

109. Winter 1851—52—Woman frozen 294

110. Summer 1852—Iron-shirt killed 294

111. Winter 1852—53—Gúădal-tséyu stolen 295

112. Summer 1853—Showery sun dance 295

113. Rain symbols (Chinese, Hopi, and Ojibwa) 296

114. Winter 1853—54—Pä´ñgyägíate killed 296

115. Summer 1854—Black-horse killed 297

116. Winter 1854—55—Gyai`koaóñte killed 299

117. Summer 1855—Sitting summer 300

118. Winter 1855—56—Big-head kills an Ä´lähó 300

119. Summer 1856—-Prickly-pear sun dance 301

120. Winter 1856—57—Tipis left 301

121. Summer 1857—Forked-stick-sprouting sun dance 302

122. Winter 1857—58—Horses stolen 305

123. Summer 1858—Timber-circle sun dance 306

124. Winter 1858—59—Gúi-k`ate killed 306

125. Summer 1859—Cedar-bluff sun dance 306

126. Winter 1859—60—Gíaká-ite died 307

127. Summer 1860—Bird-appearing killed 308

128. Winter 1860—61—Crazy-bluff winter 309

129. Summer 1861—Pinto left tied 310

130. Winter 1861—62—Smallpox 311

131. Summer 1862—Sun dance after smallpox 311

132. Winter 1862—63—Treetop winter 312

133. Summer 1863—No-arm's-river sun dance 313

134. Winter 1863—64—Big-head dies; Hâ´ñzephó`da dies 313

135. Summer 1864—Ragweed sun dance; soldier fight 314

136. Winter 1864—65—Ute fight 315

137. Summer 1865—Peninsula sun dance 317

138. Winter 1865—66—Tän-kóñkya died; Dohásän died 318

139. Summer 1866—German-silver sun dance 319

140. Winter 1866—67—Äpämâ´dalte killed 319

141. Summer 1867—Black-ear stolen; the Kâ´itséñko 320

142. Winter 1867—68—Medicine Lodge treaty; Navaho killed 320

143. Summer 1868—Ute fight 322

144. Winter 1868—69—Tängúadal killed 325

145. Summer 1869—War-bonnet sun dance 326

146. Winter 1869—70—Bugle scare 326

147. Summer 1870—Plant-growing sun dance; dusty sun dance 327

148. Winter 1870—71—Set-ängya's bones brought home; drunken fight; negroes killed 327

149. Summer 1871—Set-t'aiñte arrested; Kóñpäte killed 328

150. Set-taíñte in prison 330

151. Winter 1871—72 (1872—73)—Pawnee visit; camp on Long-tree creek 333

152. Summer 1872—Viejo shot 335

153. Winter 1872—73—Pueblo visit; battle tipi burned 336

154. Summer 1873—Pa-kóñkya's horses killed 337

155. Winter 1873—74—Set-t'aiñte returns; Lone-wolf's son killed 337

156. Summer 1874—The medicine lance; Bluff-end sun dance 338

157. Winter 1874—75—Gi-edal killed; Kiowa imprisoned 339

158. Summer 1875—Love-making spring sun dance 339

159. Winter 1875—76—Sheep and goats issued 339

160. Summer 1876—Horse-stealing sun dance 340

161. Winter 1876—77—A'gábaí killed; scouts enlisted 341

162. Summer 1877—Measles sun dance 341

163. Winter 1877—78—Camp at Signal mountain; hunt on Pecan creek 342

164. Summer 1878—Repeated sun dance 343

165. Winter 1878—79—Ä'to-t´áiñ killed 343

166. Summer 1879—Horse-eating sun dance; boy shot 344

167. Winter 1879—80—Eye-triumph winter 345

168. Summer 1880—No dance; Päbóte died 346

169. Winter 1880—81—House built; Pueblo visit 347

170. Summer 1881—Hemorrhage or hot sun dance 347

171. Winter 1831—82—Dó-á game; medicine tipi 348

172. Summer 1882—Buffalo medicine; Pä´tso`gáte died 349

173. Winter, 1882—83—Bot-édalte dies; grass leases; camp on Pecan creek 350

174. Summer 1883—Nez Percé sun dance 351

175. Winter 1883—84—House built; children taken; Sioux dances 352

176. Summer 1884—No sun dance; hauled freight 352

177. Winter 1884—85—Winter camp; Tón-ak`a's elopement 353

178. Summer 1885—Little Peninsula sun dance; grass payment 353

179. Winter 1885—86—Camp burned 354

180. Summer 1886—No sun dance; policemen; grass payment 354

181. Winter 1886—87—Peyi commits suicide 354

182. Summer 1887—No sun dance (?); grass payment 355

183. Winter 1887—88—Cattle payment 355

184. Summer 1888—Sun dance (?); Pá-iñgya's prophecy 356

185. Winter 1888—89—Winter camp; Sun-boy died; split rails 358

186. Summer 1889—No sun dance; grass payment 358

187. Winter 1889—90—Winter camp; grass payment; Íâm dance 358

188. Summer 1890—Unfinished sun dance 359

189. Winter 1890—91—Sitting-bull comes; Ä´piatañ; boys frozen 359

190. Summer 1891—P'ódalä´ñte killed; visit Cheyenne 361

191. Winter 1891—92—Soldiers enlisted; P'ódalä´ñte killed 362

192. Summer 1892—Measles; grass payment 362

193. T'águñótal P'a Sän 373

194. T'águñótal P'a 373

195. Gakíñat'o P'a—Woman-whipped 373

196. Ä`gâ´nti 373

197. Tépgañ P'a—Wagon stalled 373

198. Gañhíña P'a—Annuity issue 374

199. Ka`gúăt P'a Sän—Mares foal 374

200. Ka`gúăt P'a—Split rails 374

201. Aideñ P'a—Horses lost 374

202. Pai Ä`gâ´nti—Visit Cheyenne 374

203. Pai Tépgañ P'a—Ghost dance 374

204. Pai Gañhíña P'a—Sun dance stopped; grass payment 375

205. T'aguñótal P'a Sän 375

206. T'aguñótal P'a—Ä´piatañ 375

207. Gákiñăt´o P'a—Sitting-bull 375

208. Ä`gâ´nti 375

209. Tépgañ P'a—Schoolboys frozen 376

210. Gañhíña P'a—Annuity issue 376

211. Ka`gúăt P'a Sän—Ä´piatañ returns 376

212. Ka`gúăt P'a—Wire issue 376

213. Aideñ P'a 376

214. Pai Ä`gâ´nti—Treaty sale 376

215. Pai Tépgañ P'a—Races 377

216. Pai Gañhíña P'a—Woman stolen 377

217. T'aguñótal P'a Sän—Pueblo dance 377

218. T'aguñótal P'a—P'odalä´ñte killed 377

219. Gákíñat'o P'a—Made medicine; cut wood 377

220. Ä`gâ´nti—Lunar eclipse 378

221. Tépgañ P'a 378

222. Gañhíña P'a—Annuity issue 378

223. Ka`gúăt P'a Sän—Wire issue 378

224. Ka`gúăt P'a—Move camp 378

225. Áideñ P'a—Immigrants arrive 378

226. Pai Ä`gâ´nti—Íatäkía dies; grass payment 378

227. Pai Tépgañ P'a—Measles; grass payment 379

228. Pai Gañhíña P'a—Fourth of July races 379

229. T'águñótal P'a Sän—Cheyenne dance 379

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY—SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. LVII

THE KIOWA RANGE SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE PLAINS TRIBES IN 1832.

CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA INDIANS By James Mooney