ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page

Frontispiece. —

Tobacco Stalks. 22

Tobacco Leaves. 24

Bud and Flowers. 25

Capsules. (Fruit Bud.) 27

Suckers. 28

Primitive Pipe. 33

Native Smoking. 35

Old Engraving. 40

The Contrast. 44

John Rolfe. 48

Virginia Tobacco Field, 1620. 51

Buying Wives. 57

Growing Tobacco in the Streets. 64

Natives Growing Tobacco. 66

Destroying Suckers. 69

Carrying Tobacco to Market. 73

Enriching Plant-Bed. 75

Shipping Tobacco. 78

Old Engraving of Tobacco. 86

Sir Walter Raleigh. 89

English Gallants. 90

Smoking in the 17th Century. 94

Exhaling through the Nose. 97

Old London Ale-house. 101

Punishment for Snuff Taking. 104

Silver Spittoons. 106

The Negro Image. 108

Tobacco and Theology. 112

Weighing Smoke. 117

Indian Pipe. 126

Sculptured Pipe. 128

Pipe of Peace. 130

A Model Cigar. 132

South Americans smoking. 135

A War Pipe. 139

Peace Pipe. 140

A Tchuktchi Pipe. 143

Turk Smoking. 145

Old English Pipes. 148

French Pipes. 149

Pipe Colorer. 152

German Porcelain Pipes. 153

A Persian Water Pipe. 156

Searching for Amber. 160

Fancy Pipes. 162

Clay and Reed Pipes. 164

Fairy Pipes. 166

Female Smoking in Algiers. 168

African Pipe. 170

Egyptian Pipes. 172

Japanese Pipes. 173

Engraved Boxes. 177

Tobacco Jars. 179

Tobacco Stoppers. 181

Lord and Lackey. 185

The Strange Youth. 190

Smokers Reading Epigrams. 193

The Explosion. 195

Theory against Experience. 199

A Faithful Attendant. 203

Newton and his Pipe. 207

Tennyson, Smoking. 209

Modern Smokers. 212

The Artist. 215

The Yankee Smoker. 216

A Tobacco Grater. 220

Demi-journées. 222

James Gillespie. 224

Fops Taking Snuff. (From an old print.) 226

Horn Snuff-boxes. 227

Scotch Snuff-mills. 232

Sweeping from the Pulpit. 235

Snuff-mill a Century ago. 240

Perfuming Snuff. 242

Fuegian Snuff-Takers. 244

Snuff-Dipping. 247

Snuffers. 248

Fancy Snuff-boxes. 251

Curing a Headache. 255

Highlanders. 257

Cigars. 260

Cigar-holders. 262

Life in Mexico. 266

Cuban Cigar Shop. 268

Tobacco Leaf. 271

Wenches Smoking. 274

A Moonlight Reverie in Havana. 275

By the Sea. 277

An American Smoker. 279

"Light, Sir?" 282

Bringing a Light. 285

Making Cigars. 288

Havanas. 301

Yara Cigars. 303

Manilla Cigar and Cheroot. 304

Swiss Cigars. 306

Paraguay Cigars. 306

Connecticut Tobacco Field. 312

Home of the Connecticut Planter. 315

Negro Quarters. 317

The Planter's Home. 318

"Burning the Patch." 322

Stringing the Primings. 323

Worming. 325

Ohio Tobacco Field. 329

Tobacco Warehouse. 331

Kentucky Tobacco Plantation. 332

The Kentucky Planter. 334

Florida Tobacco Plantation. 336

Louisiana Tobacco Plantation. 338

Mexican Tobacco Plantation. 342

St. Domingo Tobacco Field, 1535. 345

A Cuban vega. 346

Killing Bugs by Night. 348

Going to Market. 349

German Tobacco Field. 351

Dutch Planters. 355

Success to Von Tromp. 358

Tobacco Field in Algiers. 360

Tobacco Field in Africa. 361

Tobacco Field in Syria. 363

Tobacco Field in India. 365

Turkish Tobacco going to Market. 370

Japan Tobacco Field. 371

Transplanting. 372

Chinese Tobacco Field. 373

Tobacco Field in Persia. 374

Growing Tobacco on the Philippine Islands. 377

Tobacco Plow. 378

Spanish Planters. 380

Mexican Dwarf Tobacco. 384

Connecticut Seed Leaf. 385

Havana Tobacco. 387

Virginia Tobacco. 388

Ohio White Tobacco. 389

Latakia Tobacco (Syria). 393

Orinoco Tobacco (Venezuela). 397

Shiraz Tobacco (Persia). 398

Spanish Tobacco. 400

Japan Tobacco. 402

Old Connecticut Tobacco Shed. 406

Modern Connecticut Tobacco Shed. 407

Stripping Room. 408

Modern Virginia Shed. 409

Virginia Shed, 150 years ago. 410

Ohio Tobacco Shed. 412

Persian Tobacco Shed. 414

Making the Plant Bed in Connecticut. 418

Covering Plant Bed. 424

A Tobacco Ridger. 430

Drawing the Dirt Around the Foot. 432

Transplanting. 433

Transplanting. 434

American Transplanter. 437

The Worms. 438

Worming Tobacco. 439

Topping. 442

Suckering. 445

Cutting the Plants. 446

Putting on Lath. 447

Carrying to the Shed. 448

Stripping. 456

Hands. 457

Stemming. 460

Packing. 461

Prizing in Olden Times. 464

Tobacco Press. 467

Firing. 470

Spanish Seed Tobacco. 473

Page

CHAPTER I.

THE TOBACCO PLANT.

Botanical Description — Ancient Plant-Bed — Description of the Leaves — Color of Leaves — Blossoms — The Capsules and Seed — Selection for Seed — Suckers — Nicotine Qualities — Medicinal Properties — Improvement in Plants. 17

CHAPTER II.

TOBACCO. ITS DISCOVERY.

Early Use — Origin of its Name — Early Snuff-Taking — Tobacco in Mexico — Comparative Qualities of Tobacco — Origin of the Plant — Early Mammoth Cigars — Sacredness of the Pipe — Early Cultivation — Proportions of the Tobacco Trade — Variety of Kinds — Tobacco and Commerce — Original Culture. 32

CHAPTER III.

TOBACCO IN AMERICA.

First General Planter — State of the Colony — Conditions of Raising Tobacco — Tobacco Fields, 1620 — Increase of Tobacco-Growing — Restriction of Tobacco-Growing — Tobacco used as Money — King James opposes Tobacco-Growing — Buying Wives with Tobacco — Foreign Tobacco Prohibited — King Charles on Tobacco — King Charles as a Tobacco Merchant — Tobacco Taxed — Planting in Maryland — Negro Labor — Competition — Growing Suckers — Virginia Lands — Picture of Early Planters — Large Plantations — Getting to Market — Virginia Plant-Bed — Maryland Plant-Bed — Tobacco Growing in New York and Louisiana — New England Tobacco — Commercial Value of Tobacco — Tobacco a Blessing. 47

CHAPTER IV.

TOBACCO IN EUROPE.

Introduction — The Original Importer — Wonderful Cures — How the Herb grew in Reputation — Difference of Opinion — A Smoker's Rhapsody — Old Smokers — The Queen Herb — Drinking Tobacco — Tobacco on the Stage — Shakespeare on Tobacco — Smoking Taught — Ben Jonson on the Weed — Curative Qualities — Modes of Use — Held up to Ridicule — Tirades against Tobacco — Tobacco Selling — Royal Haters of Tobacco — Old Customs — A Racy Poem — A Smoking Divine. 80

CHAPTER V.

TOBACCO IN EUROPE. — Continued.

Popular use of Tobacco — Tobacco Glorified — Weight of Smoke — Anecdotes — Triumph of Tobacco — A Government Monopoly — Tobacco a Blessing. 111

CHAPTER VI.

TOBACCO PIPES, SMOKING AND SMOKERS.

Indian Pipes — Material for Pipes — Legend of the Red Pipe — Chippewa Pipes — Making the Peace Pipes — South American Pipes — Cigarettes — Tobacco on the Amazon River — Brazilian Tobacco — Patagonians as Smokers — Form and Material — Pipe of the Bobeen Indians — The War Pipe — Pipe Sculpture — Smoking in Alaska — Smoking in Russia — Smoking in Peru — Smoking in Turkey — Moderate Smoking — Female Smoking — Early Manufacture of Pipes — French Pipes. 124

CHAPTER VII.

PIPES AND SMOKERS. — Continued.

Meerschaum Pipes — Coloring Meerschaums — The City of Smokers — Hudson as a smoker — Persian Water Pipes — Turkish Pipes — Amber Mouth Pieces — Obtaining Amber — Its Value — Variety of Pipes — History of Pipes — Ancient Habit of Smoking — Buried Pipes — Jasmine Pipes — Smoking in Algiers — Smoking in Africa — Defence of Smoking — Tea and Tobacco — Chinese Pipes — Smoking in Japan — Tobacco Boxes — Tobacco Jars — Musings over a Pipe — Sad Fate of a Chewer — Triumph of the Anti's — The Smoker's Calendar — Doctor Parr as a Smoker — Smoking on the Battle-Field — Literary Smokers — Doctor Clarke on Tobacco — Noted Smokers — Pleasant Pipe — A Tobacco World — Cruelty of Smokers — Men like Pipes — Universal Use. 150

CHAPTER VIII.

SNUFF, SNUFF-BOXES AND SNUFF-TAKERS.

Its Introduction — Boxes and Graters — Mode of Preparation — Snuff-Boxes — A Celebrated Manufacturer — The Snuffing Period — The Monk and his Snuff-Box — A Pinch of Snuff — Pleasures of Smelling — Frederick the Great — Eminent Snuff-Takers — The Story in Verse — "Come to my Nose" — Snuff Manufacture — Preparation of Tobacco — Grinding the Leaves — Flavoring the Snuff — Profits Made — Love of Tobacco — Chewing and Dipping — Advantages of Dipping — The First Snuffers — Famous Snuff-Takers — Snuff as a Pacificator — A National Stimulant — Different Tastes — Rise and Progress of Snuff-Taking. 218

CHAPTER IX.

CIGARS.

New York Cigars — Havana Cigars — Quality of Havana Cigars — Relative Value and Size — Cigar-Makers — Cuban Cigars — Cigar Manufactories — Preparation of the Tobacco — Sorting the Leaves — Sales, etc. — Large Factories — Universal Smoking — Cigar Etiquette — Reveries — Summer-Day Thoughts — American Smokers — At Home — Sentiment — Ode to a Cigar — Cigar-Lighters — Smoking an Art — Science of Lighting — Age of Fusees — "Home-Made Cigars" — Female Cigar-Makers — A Spicy Article — How to Smoke — Smoking Christians — Lamb's Poem — Tobacco Compliment — Cigarette Smoking — Thomas Hood's Cigar — Lord Byron's Opinion — Kinds of Cigars — Selecting Cigars — Yara Cigars — Manilla Cigars — Swiss Cigars — Paraguay Cigars — Brazilian Cigars — American Cigars — Connecticut Seed Leaf and Havana Cigars — The Exile's Comfort. 259

CHAPTER X.

TOBACCO PLANTERS AND PLANTATIONS.

The Connecticut Planter — Intelligence of Tobacco Growers — Best Connecticut Seed Leaf — Love for the Plant — Virginia Planters — A Virginia Plantation — The Plant-Patch — Planting, Topping and Priming — Suckering — Crop-Gathering — Curing and Sorting — Tobacco Markets — Ohio Tobacco — Mode of Cure — Kentucky Tobacco-Growing — The Kentucky Planter — Florida Tobacco — Florida Plantation — Tobacco in Louisiana — California Tobacco Lands — Mexican Tobacco — Plants around Vera Cruz — Tobacco in St Domingo — Cuba Plantations — Mode of Working — Soil and Climate — Tobacco-Growing in Germany — Method of Culture — Extent of Culture — Tobacco-Raising in Prussia — Tobacco in Holland — Dutch Planters — A Plea for Tobacco — Tobacco Culture in Australia — Arabian Plantations — Tobacco in Africa — Syrian Tobacco — Latakia Tobacco — Growing Tobacco in India — Curing Tobacco in India — Turks Cultivating Tobacco — Japanese Tobacco — Persian Tobacco — Tobacco Culture, Philippine Islands — Climate of the Islands — Fragrant Manillas — Tropical Tobacco. 311

CHAPTER XI.

VARIETIES.

Kinds used for Cigars — Dwarf Tobacco — Havana Tobacco — Yara and Virginia Tobacco — James River Tobacco — Ohio Tobacco — South American Tobacco — Celebrated Brands of Tobacco — Russian Tobacco — Columbian Tobacco — Tobacco of Brazil — The Orinoco Tobacco — Persian Tobacco — French Tobacco — Spanish Tobacco — Japanese Tobacco — Manilla Tobacco. 382

CHAPTER XII.

TOBACCO HOUSES.

Tobacco Sheds — Stripping Houses — Virginia Tobacco Sheds — Ordinary Sheds — Superior Sheds — Ohio Sheds — Kentucky and Tennessee Sheds — Foreign Tobacco Sheds. 405

CHAPTER XIII.

TOBACCO CULTURE.

Hot Beds — Virginia Plant Patch — Tennessee Plant Bed — Cuban Plant Bed — Covering Plant Bed — Selection of Soil — The Soil Affecting Color — Preparing the Soil — Virginia Methods — Burning Brush — Implements — Transplanting Plants — Setting — Seasons in Mexico and Persia — The American Transplanter — Pests — Worming — Backward Plants — Topping — Suckers — Maturation — The Harvest — Cutting — Hanging — Cutting time in Cuba — Harvesting in Virginia — The Season in other Places — Curing — Curing by Smoke — Yellow Tobacco — Stripping — Assorting — Shading — Stemming — Packing — Casing — Old Style — Resistance to Dampness — Prizing — Marking — Baling — Certificates — Firing — White Rust — Seed Plants — Maturing of Seed — Second Growth. 415

CHAPTER XIV.

THE PRODUCTION, COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO.

Early History of Tobacco — Cultivation by Spaniards at St. Domingo — Annual Product of Cuba — Amount of Land under Cultivation in U.S. — Cultivation in the South — Annual Product of Europe, Asia and Africa — Government Monopoly — Source of Revenue — Manufacture of Cigarettes — Increase of Tobacco Culture. 478