← Table of contents
The secrets of a great cathedral

INDEX

Reading edition

Aachen, Palace-chapel of, 22, 23, 53

“Abbeys of Expiation,” 39

Agatha, 73

Agilulf, King of the Lombards, 14, 18

Aix-la-Chapelle, 27

Aix-la-Chapelle, Palace-chapel of, 22, 23, 69

Alaric, 7

Albertus Magnus, 83

Albigensian Wars, 30

Alboin the Lombard, 6, 12, 14, 15, 53

Alcuin (the Minister of Charlemagne), 143

Alfred, King, 22

Amalasuntha, 10

Amiens, Cathedral of, 33, 53, 61

Anacletus, 97, 97 note 25, 98, 100, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 118, 119, 120, 122

Angles, 26

Anglo-Saxons, 38, 39

Angoulême, 27

Anselm, S., 51

Antoniano, Cardinal, 117

Apollinaris, Sidonius, Bishop of Clermont, 25

Apostles, Church of the (Cologne), 24

Appian Way, 99, 122

Aquinas, 83

Aquitaine, 26, 29, 30, 33 note 11, 36, 69

Arcadius, 7

Arliano, Church of (near Lucca), 19

Armellini, 118

Ataulphus, 7

Athalaric, 10

Augustine, 21, 88, 133

Augustus, Emperor, 10 note 5, 68 note 20

Aungre (Chipping Ongar), Chapel near, 22

Autharis, King of the Lombards, 14, 16, 18

Auvergne, 25, 69

Auxerre, 27

Auxerre, Crypt of Cathedral of, 102

“Ave Maria,” the, 82

Bangor, 89

Barberini, Cardinal. See Urban VIII

Barcelona, 7

Barnes, Mgr., 112 note 28, 113, 117

Baronius, 140

Basil, Emperor, 48

Bayeux, 44

Beauvais Cathedral, 61, 62

Bec-Herlouin, 44

Becket, S. Thomas à, 103

Bede, 21, 51

Belisarius, 6, 10

Bellarmine, Cardinal, 117

Benedict, S., 51

Benedictines, the, 19 note 7, 138

Benedictines of Cluny, 34, 103, 129

Bernay, Church at, 36

Bernini, 118, 119, 120

Besançon, Crypt of, 102

Beverley, 92

Big Ben (Houses of Parliament, London), 53

Biscop, Benedict, 21

Bonanni, 117

Bonaventura, 83

Bond, Mr., 56

Bonn, Minster Church of, 24

Bordeaux, 27, 102

Bourges, Cathedral of, 33, 61

Brescia, 19

Brixworth Church, 21

Builder, The, quoted, 60 note 19

Burgundy, 31, 32, 90

Byzantine Empire, Artists, etc., 12, 13, 20, 47

Caen, 37, 44

Caius, Presbyter, 98, 109

Cambridge, 21

Canterbury, Canterbury Cathedral, and Crypt, 21, 40, 91, 102, 103, 129, 137

Carlisle, 89

Carolingian princes, 23

Cassiodorus, 135

Catacombs, the, 84 note 23, 101

Catechumens, 127

Caumont, M. de, 3

Cecilia, 73

Cerisy le Fôret, Church at, 36

Charlemagne, 19, 22, 23, 26, 41, 53, 69, 115

Chartres, and Cathedral, and Crypt of, 27, 33, 61, 102, 136 note 29

Cherubim, 81

Chester, 89

Chichester, and Cloisters of, 89, 137

Chipping Ongar, 22

Christ Church, Oxford, 40, 89

Christianity in Britain, 86, 87, 88, 90

Chrysostom, S. John, 77

Cistercians, 31, 32, 83

Citeaux, 31, 32

Classis, 9, 10 note 5

Clement, 133

Clement VIII, 117

Clermont Ferrand, Church of, 25

Cluny, and Abbey and Monks of, 29, 31, 31 note 10, 32, 34, 34 note 12, 37, 42, 44, 91, 103, 129

Coblenz, 24

Cologne, 24, 27

Cologne Cathedral, 23, 53

Columba, 90

Comacine Builders and Guild, the, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 34, 41, 42, 45, 47, 50, 53, 54

Comacine Islands, 15

Como, 15, 16

Constantine, 100, 109, 110, 111, 117, 120, 127

Constantinople, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 20, 20 note 8, 25, 50, 57, 68, 68 note 20, 70, 72, 78, 106, 123

Constantius (Augustus), 7, 8

Creighton, Bishop, 110 note 27

Crusades, 50, 56, 79, 80, 81, 84

Ctesiphon, Palace of, 56

Cyprian, 133

Dalmatia, 41

Danes, 26

De Lasterie, 56

De Rossi, 139, 140

Diaconus, Paulus, 18, 18 note 7, 19 note 7

Dijon, Abbey of S. Benignus at, 34, 36, 42, 102

Diocletian, 4, 5, 53

Dol, Church of, 89

Dominicans, 82

Domitilla Cemetery, 139, 140

Drei, Benedetto, 118

Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury, 22

Durandus, Bishop of Mende (Mimatensis), 50, 51, 135, 136, 136 note 29

Durham Cathedral, 40, 44, 70, 89, 137

Eadburg, Queen, 138

Edward the Confessor, 22, 88

Egypt, 56

Eleutherius, 122

Eleutherus, S., 102

Ely Cathedral, 40, 43, 70, 89

Emporium by the Tiber, 4

England, 20, 21, 22, 33 note 11, 38, 42, 54, 58, 61

Engles, 86, 92

Enlart, 56

Ethelred II (the Unready), 22

Ethelwolf, 116, 129

Eudes de Montreuil, 62

Eulalia, 73

Evarestus, 122

Evelyn, 5 note 3, 55

Exarchate, the, 12

Exeter, 89

Fécamp, 36, 44

Flavian family, 139, 141

France, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33 note 11, 59, 61, 62, 69, 90, 91, 131, 142, 143

Franciscans, 83

Franks, the, 141, 142, 143

Freeman, Professor, 4, 5, 5 note 4, 20, 139

Frisians, 26

Froucester, Abbot, 138

Fulda, 23

Garimbert, 135

Garonne, River, 27

Gascony, 29

Gaul, 20, 20 note 8, 24, 26, 27, 28, 33, 69, 72, 89, 91, 101, 102

Germany, 20, 22, 23, 24, 41

Gernrode, 23

Gerville, M. de, 3

Giacomo della Porta, 117

Glanber, Raoul, 29

Gloucester Abbey, 40, 43, 44, 71, 88, 138, 139

Gloucester Cathedral, 52, 60, 61, 62, 67, 70, 74, 81, 85, 86, 90, 91, 102 (Crypt), 104 (Crypt), 104, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 137, 143

Goths, 10, 55

“Great Peter” (Bell in Gloucester Cathedral), 52

Great Tom (Oxford), 53

Greece, 50, 84, 133

Greek architecture, 55

Greek or Eastern Church, 106

Gregory of Tours, 25

Gregory the Great, 79

Guéranger of Solesmes, Dom, 136 note 29

Guercino, 142

Guienne, 29

Guimond, Chaplain of Henry I, 40

Guizot, 26

Gundulph, 40

Hadrian I, Pope, 114, 115, 129

Hanley, Abbot, 90

Henry II of England, 38

Henry III of England, 88

Heraclius, Emperor, 78

Heralds’ College, the, 55

Herbert of Losinga, Prior of Fécamp, 40

Hereford Cathedral, 43, 89

Hexham, Basilica of S. Andrew, 21

Hexham, Crypt of, 102

Holy Apostles, Church of the (Constantinople), 68, 70

Holy Cross, Church of (Ravenna), 8

Honorius, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, 25, 53, 142

Hood, Thomas, 55 note 17

Hook, Theodore, 55 note 17

Hutton, Edward, 73, 74

Hyginus, 122

Ile de France, 32, 59

Ireland, 86

Irenæus, 133

Italy, 6, 7, 9, 15, 17, 41, 48, 72, 86, 90

Jackson, Sir Thomas, 28, 29 note 9, 31, 33 note 11

Jarrow, 21

Jerome, 133

Jerusalem, and the Temple of, 45, 50, 79, 105, 106, 108

Jesus Christ, 108 note 26

John, Abbot of Séez, 40

John, King of England, 38

Jouarre, Crypt of, 102

Julia, Basilica (Roman Forum), 68 note 20

Julius II, Pope, 110 note 27

Jumiéges, Abbey of, 43

Jumiéges, Church at, 36

Justinian, 3, 6, 10, 13, 14, 16, 20, 25, 53, 57, 68, 68 note 20, 70, 72, 73, 78

Jutes, 26, 86, 92

Kaiser Bell in Cathedral of Cologne, 53

Kioto Monastery, Japan, 53

Kyneburg, 138

Lanciani, 101, 117

Lanfranc, 36, 37, 40, 54

Languedoc, 30

Laon, Cathedral of, 33, 89

Leland (Secretary to King Henry VIII), 138

Leo IV, Pope, 116

Lightfoot, Bishop of Durham, 139, 140, 140 note 30

Lincoln, 43, 89, 91

Lindisfarne, Priory Church of, 89

Linus, Bishop, 97, 108, 121, 122

“Lion of the tribe of Judah,” 47

Liutbrand, King, 14

Loire, River, 27

Lombard, Peter, 83

Lombards, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 141

Lombardy, 20, 53

London, 22, 106

Lorsch, Sepulchral Chapel at, 23

Louis of Wissobrun, 135

Louis II, Emperor, 115

Louis XI of France, 142

Lucca, 5 note 4, 19

Lyons, 25

Macedonia, 20 note 8

Macon, 31

Maderno, 117

Magi, or Wise Men, 84 note 23, 85

Mahommed, 79

Maieul, 34

Mainz, Cathedral of, 24

Malvern Abbey, 43

Maria (daughter of Stilicho), 142

Martel, Charles, 26

Martin, Abbot of Bec, 40

Marucchi, 117

Mary, the Virgin, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 123, 143

Matilda (queen of William I), 37

Meaux, Cathedral of, 33

Mediterranean Sea, 26

Metz, 27

Micklethwaite, J. T., 137, 138

Milan, 6, 41, 42, 48

Milman, Dean, 80 note 21

Moissac, Abbey of (Tarn-et-Garonne), 131

Monkwearmouth, 21

Monreale, Cloisters of (Sicily), 131

Mont S. Michel, 44

Mont S. Michel, Church at, 36

Montalembert, 134

Monte Cassino, 19, 115

Montmajeure, Abbey of, 131

Moscow, 52, 53, 106

Muratori, 18

Narses, 6, 10

Nero, 107, 121

New Monthly Magazine (Colburn), quoted, 55 note 17

Newquay, 93

Nicodemus, 108 note 26

Nola, 51

Norman Conquest of England, 38, 39

Normandy, 28, 33 note 11, 36, 43, 50, 54

Normans, the, 88

Northmen, 27, 32, 87, 89, 94

Norwich Castle, 137

Norwich Cathedral, 40, 43, 70, 131, 137

Notre Dame of Paris, 61

Notre Dame, Paris, Bell in, 53

Noyon, Cathedral of, 33

Odin, 92

Odoaces, 9

Old Sarum, 89

Old S. Peter’s Church (Rome), 103, 110, 142

Origen, 133

Orleans, 27, 52, 102

Osric, King, 138, 139

Osric, Church of (Gloucester), 143

Ostian Way, 109

Otto the Great, 23

Oxford, Crypt of, 102

Palgrave, 26

Palmieri, 118

Pantheon, the, 119

Paris, 32, 128

Paris, Cathedral of, 33

Paris, Matthew, 39, 39 note 14

Parvis Notre Dame of Paris, 128

Paul I, Pope, 114, 141, 142, 143

Paul V, Pope, 117

Paul, Monk of S. Etienne, Caen, 40

Pavia, 18

Pelagia, 73

Pelagius II, 114

Pepin, King of France, 114, 141

Périgueux, 30

Perigord, 30

Perpetuus, Bishop, 45

Perranporth, 93

Perranzabuloe, Church of, 92, 93

Peterborough, Abbey of, 40

Peterborough Cathedral, 70

Petronius, 139

Philip Augustus, King, 32

Piedmont, 34 note 12

Pisa, 5 note 4

Pius I, 122

Pius IX, Pope, 83 note 22

Placidia, Galla, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 16, 25, 53

Pliny the Younger, 15

Poitiers, 27

Poitou Limousin, 29

Procopius, 9

Provence, 26, 30, 33 note 11, 69

Prudentius, 122

Puritans, the, 132

Pusey, Dr., 83 note 22

Quedlinburg, Church at, 23

Quicherat, 25, 26, 27, 28

Ravenna, 5, 5 note 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10 note 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 41, 48, 50, 53, 69, 70, 72, 74, 136 note 29

Repton, Crypt of, 102

Rhine, River, 101, 102

Rhone, River, 27

Richard I of England, 38

Richard II (le Bon), Duke of Normandy, 36, 42, 50, 54

Ripon, S. Peter’s, and Crypt of, 21, 102

Rivoira, 19, 20 note 8, 23, 28, 48, 68, 69 note 20

Robert, King of France, 52

Roberto, Lord of Volpiano, 34

Rochester Cathedral and Crypt of, 40, 90, 102

Rodelinda, Queen, 18

Roman Architecture, 55

Roman Architects and Builders, Guild of, 16

Romans, 50

Rome, 4, 6, 15, 18, 24, 47, 69 note 20, 86, 90, 97-101, 105-109, 115, 133

Romulus Augustulus, 9

“Rosary” (form of prayer), 82

Rotharis, King of the Lombards, 14, 15, 16, 53

Rouen, 27, 44

Rouen, Cathedral of, 33, 131

Rutebeuf, 132

Sabinianus, Pope, 51

S. Achilles, 140

S. Agata, Church of (Ravenna), 8

S. Agnan, Church of (Orleans), 52

S. Agnes, Church of (Rome), 47, 101

S. Agnese, Church of (Rome), 69 note 20

S. Albans, Abbey at, 40, 43

S. Ambrogio, Church of (Milan), 42

S. Andrew, Basilica of (Hexham), 21

S. Andrew’s Church, Cambridge, 21

S. Apollinare, 9

S. Apollinare in Classe, Church of (Ravenna), 10, 10 note 5, 48

S. Apollinare Nuovo, Church of (Ravenna), 9, 48, 73, 74

S. Avitus, Crypt of (Orleans), 102

S. Basil, 79

S. Benigno de Fruttuaria, Monastery of (Piedmont), 34 note 12

S. Benignus, Abbey of (Dijon), 34, 36, 42

S. Benignus, Crypt of Church of (Dijon), 102

S. Bernard of Clairvaux, 79, 84

S. Callistus, Cemetery of, 122

S. Castor, Church of (Coblenz), 24

S. Clement, 73

S. Clementi, Church of (Rome), 47

S. Cyprian, 73

S. Cyriacus, Church of (Gernrode), 23

S. Cyril, 78

S. Denys, Church of (near Paris), 102, 103

S. Dominic, 82

S. Edmund, 22

S. Etienne, Church at, 37

S. Eutropius, Crypt of (Saintes), 102

S. Francesco, Church of (Ravenna), 8

S. Francis, 82

S. Front, Church of (Périgueux), 30

S. Gereon, Church of (Cologne), 24

S. Giorgio, Church of (Valpolicella), 19

S. Giovanni Evangelista, Church of (Ravenna), 8, 48

S. Giulia, Island of, 34 note 12

S. Gregory I, Pope (the Great), 79

S. Gregory III, Pope, 114

S. Gregory of Tours, 112, 113

S. Gwithian, Church of, 91, 92, 93

S. John, 84, 85

S. John Lateran, Cloisters of, 131

S. Laurence, 73

S. Leo III, 114

S. Lorenzo, Church of (Rome), 69 note 20, 101

S. Louis, 62, 63, 132

S. Maria im Capitol, Church of (Cologne), 24

S. Mark’s, Church of (Venice), 30, 70

S. Martin, Church of (Cologne), 24

S. Martin (S. Apollinare Nuovo), Church of (Ravenna), 9

S. Martin, Church of (Tours), 25, 45

S. Mary Magdalene, 102

S. Medard of Soissons, Crypt of, 102

S. Michael, Church of (Fulda), 23

S. Michel, Mont, Abbey (Normandy), 131

S. Nazianzus, 78

S. Nereus, 140

S. Ouen (Rouen), Church at, 36

S. Parnel, Church of (Whepstead), 143

S. Paul, 73, 99, 107, 109, 121

S. Paul’s Church, Jarrow, 21

S. Paul, Church of (Rome), 101, 131

S. Peran in Sabulo, 92, 93

S. Peter, 99, 105-113, 115, 121, 122, 123, 139-141, 143

S. Peter’s Abbey (Gloucester), 91

S. Peter, Abbey Church of (Westminster Abbey), 22

S. Peter’s Church, Monkwearmouth, 21

S. Peter’s Church, Ripon, 21

S. Peter’s Church (Rome), 97, 97 note 25, 99, 109, 110, 110 note 27, 117, 118, 119, 141, 142, 143

S. Peter at Rome, Crypt of, 105-123

S. Peter’s tomb, 100

S. Petronilla, Church of (Rome), 101

S. Petronilla and S. Petronilla’s Altar, 138-143

S. Pietro, Church of (Toscanella), 19

S. Prassede, Church of (Rome), 47

S. Quatuor Coronati, Church of (Rome), 69 note 20

S. Rusticus, 102

S. Salvatore, Church of (Brescia), 19

S. Salvatore, Church of (Spoleto), 69 note 20

S. Satiro, Church of (Milan), 42, 48

S. Sebastian, Basilica (Rome), 99

S. Sebastian, Church of (Rome), 101

S. Sernin, Church of (Toulouse), 30

S. Seurin, Church of (Bordeaux), 102

S. Sixtus, 73

S. Sophia, Basilica of (Constantinople), 6

S. Sophia, Church of (Constantinople), 13, 20 note 8, 25, 50, 68, 70, 72

S. Sophia, Church of (Salonica), 20 note 8

S. Teuteria, Church of (Verona), 19

S. Theodore (Spirito Sancto), Church of, 10

S. Trophimus of Arles, Abbey of, 131

S. Vitale, Church of (Ravenna), 10, 23, 50, 69, 70

SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Church of (Constantinople), 70

Saintes, 102

Salisbury Cathedral, 89, 91, 137

Salonica, 20 note 8, 68 note 20, 72

Saracens, 26, 56, 78, 115, 116, 117

Saxons, 26, 86, 92

Scarborough Castle, 137

Scheldt, River, 27

Scott, Leader, 45, 47

Séez, 44

Seine, River, 27

Seraphim, 81

Sergius I, Pope, 114

Sergius II, Pope, 115

Serlo, Monk of Mont S. Michel, Normandy, 40

Serlo and Aldred, Abbey of, 90

Sfondriato, Cardinal, 117

Sicily, 115, 131

Silchester, 87

Simeon, Monk of S. Ouen, Rouen, 40

Siricius, Bishop of Rome, 140, 141, 142, 143

Sixtus I, 122

Soissons Cathedral, 131

Soissons, Cathedral of, 33

Solomon, King, 45

Solomon’s Knot, 47

Southwell Abbey, 40

Southwell Cathedral, 70

Spalatro, 4, 5, 53

Spires, Church of, 102

Spires, Cathedral of, 24

Spirito Sancto, Church of, 10

Spoleto, 69 note 20

Steinbach, Church at, 23

Stephen, King of England, 38

Stephen II, Pope, 141, 142, 143

Stephen, Sir James, 26

Strasburg, Crypt of, 102

Suger, Abbot of S. Denys near Paris, 102

Syria, 50, 56

Szyrma, Mr. Lach, 92

Telesphorus, 122

Tertullian, 98, 133

Teutons, 106

Tewkesbury Abbey, 40, 43, 44

Theodolinda, Queen, 13, 14, 18

Theodora, Empress, 72

Theodoric the Ostrogoth, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 53, 73

Theodosius I, the Great, 6, 7

Theodosius II, 7

Thessalonica, 68

Thor, 92

Times, The, quoted, 60 note 18

Titus, 105

Torrigio, 118

Toscanella, 19

Toul, 27

Toul Cathedral, 131

Toulouse, 27, 30

Tournai, 27

Tournai, Cathedral of, 69

Tours, 26, 27, 45

Treves, 27

Trinité, Church of the (Caen), 37

Troyes, 27

Tsar Kolokol of Moscow Bell, 52, 53

Tulun, Mosque of, 56

Turks, 4

Ubaldi, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123

Urban VIII (Cardinal Barberini), 118

Valentinian II, 7, 8, 9

Valpolicella, 19

Vandals, 55

Vatican Hill, the, 100, 107, 109, 113, 118, 121

Venice, 30, 70

Verdun, 27

Verona, 19

Vézelay, 32, 33 note 11

Vézelay, Crypt of, 102

Via Cæsarea, the, 10 note 5

Victor, Bishop of Rome, 122

Villemain, 26

Viollet le Duc, 26, 28, 50, 136 note 29

Vitruvius, 5 note 3

Volpiano, William of, 34, 34 note 12, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 50, 54

Wace, 39

Walkelin, Monk of S. Etienne, Caen, 40

West, Dr., 60 note 19

Westminster Abbey, 22, 61, 88, 141

Whepstead, 143

Wilfred, Bishop, 21, 102

William I of England, 22, 37, 39, 42, 43

William II of England, 38

William of S. Carileph, 40, 44

Winchester, 129

Winchester Cathedral, 40, 43, 70, 89

Winchester, Crypt of, 102

Wing, Crypt of, 102

Worcester (Church of), Crypt of, 90, 102

Worms, Cathedral of, 24

Wulphere, King of the Mercians, 138

Wyclif, 132

York, 129

York Cathedral, 61, 89, 91

York Minster, Crypt of, 102

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Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · A word or two explanatory of the term “entablature” will be useful for those who are not familiar with architectural terminology. The term bNote 2 · Freeman remarks here that in the buildings of Ravenna (fifth, sixth and seventh centuries) and in other Romanesque piles, a solid member is Note 3 · Classis—Classe—was the port, perhaps the chief harbour of the Roman fleet, and was built by the Emperor Augustus. It was in the great days oNote 5 · Writing of the importance of certain of the works of this far-back age of Lombardic art, Paulus Diaconus dwells on the “Basilica of the MothNote 6 · We are not dealing here with Byzantine architecture. Constantinople and the Eastern empire, while maintaining generally the round-arch styleNote 7 · In this little summary of French Romanesque churches of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the careful classification of Sir Thomas JacksonNote 8 · For the rise and development of Norman-Romanesque, its passing into England and its connection with the great Burgundian Monastery of Cluny,Note 9 · In these great Gothic cathedrals traces of the old Romanesque style remain, but the round-arch and other Romanesque features were evidently Note 1 · William of Volpiano was born circa A.D. 961, on the Island of Santa Giulia in the Lago di Orta—part of the Lago Maggiore. He was the son of Note 3 · Orderic’s words which he puts into the mouth of the dying conqueror are remarkable— “Sic multa millia pulcherrimæ gentis, proh dolor! funestNote 1 · How hardly this popular misconception of “Gothic” died away amongst us, is curiously exemplified in a statement which appeared in the once wNote 2 · They will be found, with many like words, in a most interesting and suggestive series of papers on “French Cathedrals,” which appeared in thNote 3 · Compare a remarkable lecture of Dr. West, before the “Architectural Association,” reported in the Builder of Feb. 17, 1906.Note 1 · Rivoira will not allow that the women’s galleries of the Eastern Church, so notable a feature in the churches of Constantinople and SalonicaNote 1 · Dean Milman of S. Paul’s, Latin Christianity. Book VII, chap. vi; Book XIV, chap. ii.Note 2 · This startling doctrine, it will be remembered, was defined and clothed with authority by a Papal Bull in A.D. 1854 by Pope Pius IX. The worNote 3 · The Virgin and Child are in the Catacombs delineated in a certain number of instances, but generally with the accompanying figures of the MaNote 1 · A detailed description of the “Memoria” of Anacletus and the tomb or crypt of S. Peter, the “mother” of all the crypts since constructed, wiNote 2 · There was no difficulty raised in the early days of Christianity in getting possession of the bodies of martyrs. The custom of the Roman GovNote 3 · It was of this ancient church of Constantine that Bishop Creighton in his eloquent History of the Papacy, thus writes of its demolition undeNote 4 · These details have been worked out by Mgr. Barnes in his elaborate and exhaustive work on the Tomb of S. Peter, who gives in his scholarly aNote 1 · Durandus, Bishop of Mende (Mimatensis) in Languedoc—born A.D. 1230 and died A.D. 1296—was a most distinguished Canonist. He filled various eNote 1 · The etymological difficulty suggested by Lightfoot can hardly be pressed, considering the very free and rough way in which the Latin tongue
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