Part 2 — INDEX

Heavy-faced type is used to indicate names of classes, orders, genera, etc.; heavy-faced numerals to indicate the place where the fullest description is given

toc

A

Abdomen, 243, 246.

Abductor muscles, 302.

Aboral, 202. Surface, 201.

Abyssal, 23.

Acalephs, 134.

Acanthalithodes, 240, 271. A. hispidus, 240, 271.

Acephala, 409.

Acetabularia, 51, 57. A. crenulata, 51, 57.

Acmæa, 9, 309, 312. A. mitra, 324, 357. A. patina, 324, 357. A. testudinalis, 41, 42, 324, 343, 348, 356. A. testudinalis, var. alveus, 324, 357.

Acmæidæ, 324, 356.

Acontia, 145.

Acorn-shell, 254.

Actiniaria, 141, 142, 143, 144.

Actinozoa, 112, 115, 141, 142.

Adamsia palliata, 144, 267.

Adductor muscles, 302, 413, 417.

Æolididæ, 324.

Æolis, 41, 42, 309, 324, 354. Æ. papillosa, 324, 354.

Æquoreidæ, 116, 128.

Ætea, 188, 194. Æ. anguinea, 188, 194.

Agarum, 36, 42, 63, 68, 69.

Aglaophemia, 127. A. struthioides, 116, 127.

Ahnfeldtia, 76, 82. A. plicata, 76, 82.

Alaria, 63, 69. A. esculenta, 41, 42, 63, 69.

Albunæa, 240, 269. A. gibbesii, 240, 269.

Alcyonacea, 141, 151.

Alcyonaria, 141, 142, 150, 152.

Alcyonidium, 189, 192, 197. A. hirsutum, 189, 197. A. hispidum, 189, 198. A. parasiticum, 189, 198. A. ramosum, 189, 197.

Alcyonium, 141, 151. A. palmatum, 141, 150, 161.

Aleutian province, 311.

Algæ, 25, 48, 62, 76. Botanical facts about, 25.

Alternation of generation, 120, 121.

Amarœcium, 473, 477. A. pellucidum, 473, 477.

Ambulacra, 201, 202, 205, 214, 218.

Ambulacral groove, 205. Ossicles, 205. Zones, 201, 202, 205, 218, 229.

American division, 24.

Amphictenidæ, 162, 183.

Amphineura, 300, 316, 317, 320, 321, 323.

Amphipoda, 242, 289.

Amphissa, 312. A. corrugata, 326, 389.

Amphitrite, 161, 182. A. ornata, 161, 182.

Amphiura, 213, 215. A. squamata, 213, 215.

Ampullæ, 201, 205, 206, 218.

Anadyomene, 51, 57. A. flabellata, 51, 57.

Anatomy, 20. Of higher Crustacea, 246.

Anemone Cave, 40.

Angel's-wings, 461.

Animal-flowers, 142.

Animal life in its lowest forms, 21.

Annelida, 305.

Annulata, 159, 161, 164, 170.

Anomia, 405, 424. A. aculeata, 405, 425. A. lampe, 405, 425. A. simplex, 405, 424.

Anomiidæ, 405, 424.

Anomura, 240, 264.

Antennæ, 243, 246, 258.

Antennules, 243, 246, 258.

Antheneidæ, 204, 209.

Anthomedusæ, 116.

Aperture, 302.

Apex, 343.

Aphrodite, 161, 174. A. aculeata, 161, 174.

Aphroditidæ, 161, 172, 173.

Aplacophora, 300, 321, 323.

Aplysella violacea, 105.

Aplysia Wilcoxii, 352.

Aplysiidæ, 324.

Apoda, 228, 233.

Appendicularia, 472.

Arabella, 161, 179. A. opalina, 161, 179.

Arbacia, 217, 222. A. punctulata, 217, 222.

Arbaciadæ, 217, 222.

Arca, 310, 405, 425. A. noæ, 405, 426. A. pexata, 405, 425. A. ponderosa, 405, 426.

Arcachon, 434.

Architeuthis, 465.

Arcidæ, 405, 425.

Arctic province, 309.

Arctica, 406, 441. A. islandica, 406, 441.

Arenicola, 162, 172, 184. A. marina, 162, 184.

Arenicolidæ, 162, 184.

Argonauta, 464, 467, 468. A. argo, 464, 469.

Aristocratic genera, 313, 377, 398, 401.

Aristotle's lantern, 203.

Arthrocladia, 62, 67. A. villosa, 62, 67.

Arthropoda, 238, 244.

Arthrostraca, 242, 289.

Articulata, 188.

Ascidia, 473, 476. A. amphora, 473, 477. A. callosa, 473, 477. A. compositæ, 473. A. simplices, 473.

Ascidiacea, 473.

Ascidians, 8, 474. Compound, 474, 477. Simple, 474, 475.

Ascophyllum, 63, 73. A. nodosum, 43, 63, 73.

Asperococcus, 62, 66. A. echinatus, 62, 66.

Astacoidæ, 240, 261.

Astarte, 309, 406, 440. A. castanea, 406, 441. A. undata, 406, 441.

Astartidæ, 406, 440.

Asterias, 204, 212. A. Forbesii, 204, 207, 212. A. gigantea, 204, 207, 212. A. ochracea, 204, 212. A. vulgaris, 43, 204, 207, 212.

Asteriidæ, 204, 212.

Asterina, 204, 210. A. folium, 204, 210. A. miniata, 204, 211.

Asterinidæ, 204, 210.

Asteroidea, 200, 204, 205.

Astræa, 141, 146, 147, 148.

Astrangia, 141, 150. A. danaë, 13, 141, 150.

Astropecten, 204, 209. A. articularis, 204, 209.

Astropectinidæ, 204, 208.

Astrophyton, 213, 215. A. Agassizii, 213, 215.

Astyris gausapata, 326, 389.

Asymmetrical, 328.

Aurelia, 133, 137. A. flavidula, 133, 137.

Auricula, 231.

Auriculata, 201.

Avicula, 405, 431. A. atlantica, 405, 431.

Avicularia, 190, 193.

Aviculidæ, 405, 430.

B

Balanus, 239, 250, 254. B. balanoides, 239, 255. B. crenatus, 256. B. eburneus, 239, 255. B. geniculatus, 239, 256. B. ovularis, 255. B. rugosus, 239, 256. B. tintinnabulum, 239, 256.

Bangia, 78, 96. B. fusco-purpurea, 43, 78, 96.

Bangiaceæ, 78, 96.

Barnacles, 8, 43, 245, 250.

Bathymetrical division, 23.

Bdelloura, 160, 167. B. Candida, 160, 167. B. rustica, 160, 167.

Beach-flea, 245, 289.

Beak, 417.

Bela, 309.

Benthos, 23.

Beroïda, 154, 157.

Bilateral symmetry, 20, 302, 320, 321.

Binomial nomenclature, 28.

Bipinnaria, 201.

Biramous, 243, 257.

Bittium, 326, 374. B. nigrum, 326.

Bivalves, 306, 307, 314, 315, 409. Mud-boring, 452. Rock-boring, 452, 460.

Blastostyles, 120.

Blue crab, 275.

Blue-green seaweeds, 47, 48, 49.

Body-whorl, 304, 343.

Bolina, 154, 156. B. alata, 154, 156. B. septentrionalis, 154, 156. B. vitrea, 154, 156.

Boltenia, 473, 476. B. clavata, 473, 476.

Bopyridæ, 292.

Boreal, 23.

Boring amphipod, 290.

Boring-sponges, 105.

Bostrychia, 77, 89. B. rivularis, 77, 89.

Botanical facts about algæ, 25.

Botryllus, 473, 477. B. gouldii, 473, 477.

Bougainvillea, 124. B. superciliaris, 116, 124.

Box-crab, 287.

Brachyura, 241, 258, 272.

Brain-corals, 146.

Branchiæ, 302, 319, 329, 336, 413. Dermal, 208.

Branchiolaria, 201.

Brissopsis, 217, 227. B. lyrifera, 217, 227.

"Brit," 249.

Brittle-stars, 43, 200, 214.

Brown bodies, 190, 193.

Bryopsis, 51, 59. B. plumosa, 51, 59.

Bryozoa, 191.

Buccal mass, 302, 317.

Buccinidæ, 327, 391.

Buccinum, 12, 309, 313, 327, 330, 392. B. undatum, 42, 44, 314, 327, 331, 392.

Bucidium parasiticum, 144.

Bugula, 188, 192, 193, 195. B. flabellata, 188, 196. B. Murrayana, 188, 196. B. turrita, 43, 188, 195.

Bulla, 324, 351. B. nebulosa, 324, 351. B. occidentalis, 324, 351. B. solitaria, 324.

Bullidæ, 324.

Butterfly-shells, 323.

Byssus, 415, 426, 432.

C

Caberea, 188, 195. C. Ellisii, 188, 195.

Cake-urchins, 218, 224.

Calappa, 241, 287. C. flamma, 241, 287.

Calappidæ, 241, 287.

Calcarea, 100, 104, 106.

Calcareous hydroids, 129. Seaweeds, 31, 147.

Californian province, 312.

Callinectes, 241, 275. C. hastatus, 12, 275. C. sapidus, 241, 274, 275.

Calliostoma, 312, 325, 361. C. annulatum, 325, 361. C. canaliculatum, 325, 361. C. costatum, 325, 361. C. jujubinum, 325, 361. C. occidentale, 325, 361.

Callista, 311, 410. C. gigantea, 450. C. maculata, 450.

Callithamnion, 15, 78, 79, 90. C. americanum, 78, 90. C. Baileyi, 78, 91. C. byssoideum, 78, 91. C. floccosum, 78, 91. C. Pylaisæi, 78, 91. C. seirospermum, 78, 91.

Callophyllis, 76, 82. C. laciniata, 76, 82. C. variegata, 76, 82.

Calothrix, 48, 49.

Cameo-cutting, 381.

Campanularians, 116, 121, 125.

Canal, 302. Anterior, 344. Posterior, 344. System of sponge, 103.

Cancellaria, 310, 327, 402. C. reticulata, 327, 402.

Cancellariidæ, 327, 402.

Cancellus, 266.

Cancer, 241, 277. C. antennarius, 241, 280. C. borealis, 241, 277. C. irroratus, 241, 277. C. magister, 241, 278. C. productus, 241, 278.

Cancroidæ, 241, 277.

Caprella, 8, 242, 291. C. geometrica, 242, 291.

Capulidæ, 325, 369.

Carapace, 243, 246.

Carcinides, 241, 274. C. mænas, 241, 274.

Carcinus mænas, 41, 274.

Cardiidæ, 407, 453.

Cardita, 406, 440. C. borealis, 406, 440. C. floridana, 406, 440.

Carditidæ, 406, 439.

Cardium, 310, 311, 407, 410, 413, 453. C. corbis, 407, 454. C. elatum, 407, 454. C. islandicum, 407, 454. C. isocardia, 407, 454. C. lævigatum, 407, 454. C. magnum, 407, 453. C. mortoni, 407, 454. C. pinnulatum, 407, 454. C. quadrigenarium, 407, 454. C. serratum, 407, 454. C. substriatum, 407, 454.

Caribbean province, 310.

Carinated, 302.

Cartilage, 417.

Cartilaginous, 27.

Cassididæ, 326, 380.

Cassiopeia, 133, 140. C. frondosa, 133, 140.

Cassis, 310, 326, 380. C. cameo, 326, 380. C. inflata, 326, 381. C. Madagascarensis, 381. C. testiculus, 326, 381. C. tuberosa, 326, 380.

Caudina, 228, 233. C. arenata, 228, 233.

Caulerpa, 51, 56, 59. C. Mexicana, 51, 60. C. paspaloides, Plate VIII. C. plumaris, Plate VIII. C. plumosa, 51. C. prolifera, 51, 60. C. Wurdemanii, 51.

Caulerpaceæ, 51, 59.

Cellepora, 188, 197. C. pumicosa, 188, 197. C. ramulosa, 188, 197. C. scabra, 188, 197.

Cellularia, 188, 195. C. ternata, 188, 195.

Cellularina, 188.

Cenobita, 240, 268. C. diogenes, 240, 268.

Cenobitidæ, 240, 268.

Cephalic, 243, 246.

Cephalopoda, 301, 315, 320, 321, 464.

Cephalothorax, 243, 246, 272.

Ceramieæ, 78, 90.

Ceramium, 27, 43, 78, 92. C. diaphanum, 78, 93. C. fastigiatum, 78, 93. C. rubrum, 78, 92. C. rubrum, var. proliferum, 78, 93. C. rubrum, var. secundatum, 78, 93. C. strictum, 78, 93. C. tenuissimum, 78, 93. C. tenuissimum, var. patentissimum, 78, 93.

Cerata, 353.

Cerebratulus, 160, 170. C. angulatus, 160, 170.

Cerianthus, 144.

Cerithidea, 326, 375. C. sacrata, 326, 375. C. scalariformis, 326, 375.

Cerithiidæ, 326, 373.

Cerithium, 326, 374. C. floridanum, 326, 374. C. minimum, 326, 374. C. muscarum, 326, 374.

Cerostoma, 326, 385, 387. C. foliatum, 326, 385. C. nuttallii, 326, 385.

Cestida, 154, 157.

Cestoda, 160.

Cestum, 154, 157. C. veneris, 154, 157.

Cetochilus, 239, 249.

Chætæ, 173.

Chætangieæ, 76, 80.

Chætobranchus, 161, 182. C. sanguineus, 161, 182.

Chætomorpha, 51, 53. C. ærea, 51, 53. C. linum, 51, 54. C. melagonium, 51, 53. C. picquotiana, 54. C. tortuosa, 53.

Chætopoda, 161, 171.

Chalinopsilla, 100, 107. C. arbuscula, 100, 107. C. oculata, 100, 107.

Chamædoris, 51, 56. C. annulata, 51, 56.

Champia, 77, 85. C. parvula, 77, 85.

Charybdæa, 133, 137. C. marsupialis, 133, 137.

Cheilostomata, 188, 194.

Chelæ, 243, 258.

Cheliped, 243, 258.

Chelura, 242, 290. C. terebrans, 13, 242, 290.

Chicoreus rufus, 382.

Chione, 406, 451. C. fluctifraga, 406, 451. C. simillima, 406, 451. C. succincta, 406, 451.

Chiridotea, 242, 294. C. cæca, 242, 294. C. entomon, 242, 294.

Chiton, 9, 309, 322. C. albus, 323. C. apiculatus, 323. C. ruber, 41, 323. C. spinosus, 322.

Chitonidæ, 312, 322.

Chlorophyceæ, 28, 47, 51.

Chlorostoma, 312, 325, 362. C. brunneum, 325, 362. C. funebrale, 325, 362.

Choanocytes, 102.

Choanoflagellata, 102.

Chondria, 77, 90. C. dasyphylla, 77, 90. C. striolata, 77, 90. C. tenuissima, 77, 90.

Chondrospongiæ, 100.

Chondrus, 76, 80. C. crispus, 38, 76, 80.

Chorda, 63, 68, 69. C. filum, 63, 69.

Chordaria, 62, 67. C. flagelliformis, 43, 44, 62, 67.

Chordariaceæ, 62, 67.

Chordata, 19, 472, 474.

Chorus, 312, 326, 388. C. belcheri, 326, 388.

Chromatophores, 467.

Chrysodomus, 12, 309, 313, 327, 392. C. decemcostatus, 327, 392.

Chylocladia, 77, 85. C. articulata, 77, 85.

Cidaridæ, 217, 222.

Cidaris, 217, 222. C. tribuloides, 217, 222.

Ciliary flames, 164.

Cinereous, 302.

Cirolana, 242, 292. C. concharum, 242, 292.

Cirratulidæ, 161, 181.

Cirratulus, 161, 181. C. grandis, 161, 181.

Cirri, 172, 302.

Cirripedia, 239, 250.

Cirripeds, 251.

Cistenides, 162, 183. C. Gouldii, 162, 183.

Cladocera, 238.

Cladophora, 26, 51, 54. C. arcta, 51, 54. C. gracilis, 51, 54. C. rupestris, 51, 54.

Cladostephus, 62, 65. C. verticillatus, 62, 65.

Clam, 321, 448. Giant, 447. Hard-shell, 448, 451, 456. Little Neck, 410, 448. Soft-shell, 456. Worms, 176.

Classification, 19. Of gasteropods, 348. Of mollusks, 320.

Clava, 122. C. leptostyla, 116, 122.

Clibanarius, 240, 267. C. vittatus, 240, 267.

Cliona, 100, 106. C. sulphurea, 100, 105, 106.

Cloaca, 229.

Clymenella, 162, 183. C. torquata, 162, 183.

Clypeaster, 217, 224. C. ravenellii, 217, 224.

Clypeastroidea, 217, 224.

Clytia, 126. C. bicophora, 116, 126. C. poterium, 116, 126.

Cockles, 453.

Codiaceæ, 51, 59.

Codium, 51, 59. C. tomentosum, 51, 59.

Cœlenterata, 111, 112, 113.

Cœlopleurus, 217, 222. C. floridanus, 217, 222.

Cœnosarc, 118.

Coffee-shells, 379.

Collecting, 6. And preserving seaweeds, 15. At Bar Harbor, 40.

Columbella, 326, 388. C. avara, 326, 389. C. corrugata, 326, 389. C. gausapata, 326, 389. C. lunata, 326, 389. C. mercatoria, 326, 388. C. similis, 326, 389.

Columbellidæ, 326, 388.

Columella, 302, 344.

Comatula, 234, 235.

Comb-jellies, 112, 115, 155.

Communal life, 121.

Conceptacles, 72.

Conchs, 377.

Conch-shell, 376.

Concrescent, 302.

Confervaceæ, 26, 51, 53.

Conidæ, 327, 401.

Connostomæ, 133.

Conus, 313, 327, 401. C. floridanus, 327, 402. C. gloria-maris, 401. C. pealei, 327, 402.

Copepoda, 239, 249.

Corallina, 29, 78, 96. C. officinalis, 41, 43, 78, 96. C. rubrum, 142, 146, 147.

Coralline Crags, 192. Zone, 30, 31.

Corallineæ, 78, 95.

Corallite, 146.

Corallum, 146.

Corals, 112.

Cordate, 302.

Cormophytes, 25.

Cornacuspongiæ, 100.

Coronula diadema, 255.

Corymorpha pendula, 116.

Coryne, 116, 123. C. mirabilis, 116, 123.

Cosmocephala, 160, 170. C. ochracea, 160, 170.

Costæ, 302.

Cowry-shell, 377.

Crabe enragé, 274.

Crabs, 244, 247, 272. Blue, 275. Box-, 287. Fiddler-, 241, 282. Ghost-, 282. Green, 274. Hermit-, 264. Kelp-, 286. Lady-, 276. Mud-, 281. Oyster-, 287. Purple shore-, 281. Red, 278. Rock-, 277, 280. Sand-, 11, 241, 276, 282. Sheep-, 285. Shore-, 281. Spider-, 241, 284. Stone-, 280. Swimming, 241, 274. Toad-, 285. Walking, 241. Yellow shore-, 281.

Crangon, 240, 260. C. franciscorum, 240, 261. C. vulgaris, 240, 260.

Crawfish, 240, 259, 261.

Creeping Polyzoa, 193.

Crenulated, 302.

Crepidula, 325, 369. C. aculeata, 325, 369. C. adunca, 370. C. fornicata, 325, 369. C. navicelloides, 370. C. plana, 325, 369. C. rugosa, 370.

Cribrella, 204, 207, 211. C. sanguinolenta, 204, 211.

Crimson Bluffs, 33.

Crinoidea, 200, 234.

Crinoids, 202, 235. Fossil, 235.

Crisia, 188, 194. C. eburnea, 188, 194.

Crossaster, 204, 211. C. papposus, 204, 211.

Crucibulum, 325, 370. C. spinosum, 325, 370. C. striatum, 325, 370.

Crustacea, 238, 244, 248, 257, 262.

Cryptochiton, 323. C. stelleri, 323.

Cryptogams, 25.

Cryptolithodes, 240, 271. C. sitchensis, 240, 271.

Cryptonemiaceæ, 78, 94.

Cryptozonia, 204, 211.

Crystalline stylet, 302, 341.

Ctenidia, 302.

Ctenodiscus, 204, 208. C. corniculatus, 204, 208.

Ctenophora, 112, 115, 154, 155.

Ctenostomata, 189, 197.

Cubomedusæ, 133, 137.

Cucumaria crocea, 231. C. lævigata, 231.

Cumacea, 242, 288.

Cutleria, 63, 71. C. multifida, 63, 71.

Cutleriaceæ, 63, 71.

Cuttlefishes, 44, 315, 467.

Cuvieria squamata, 232.

Cuvierian organs, 231.

Cyanea, 133, 136, 138. C. arctica, 44, 133, 138, 144. C. fulva, 133, 139. C. versicolor, 133, 139.

Cyanophyceæ, 28, 48, 49.

Cyclomyaria, 472.

Cyclops, 239, 249, 250.

Cyclostomata, 188, 193.

Cydippida, 154, 156.

Cymopolia, 51, 57. C. barbata, 51, 57.

Cynthia, 473, 476. C. carnea, 473, 476. C. partita, 473, 476. C. pyriformis, 473, 476.

Cypræa, 326, 334, 377. C. aurantia, 377. C. exanthema, 326, 378. C. moneta, 378. C. spadacea, 326, 379. C. spurca, 326, 378.

Cypræidæ, 326, 377.

Cypridina, 238. C. islandica, 441.

Cyprinidæ, 406, 441.

Cypris, 238.

Cyrena, 311.

Cystoclonium, 77, 83. C. cirrhosa, 77, 83. C. purpurascens, 77, 83.

Cystoseira, 63, 73. C. expansa, 63, 73.

Cytherea, 406, 450. C. gigantea, 406, 450. C. maculata, 406, 450.

D

Dactylopores, 129.

Dactylozoöids, 129.

Daphnia, 238.

Dasya, 77, 79, 89. D. elegans, 77, 89. D. plumosa, 77, 89.

Dasycladaceæ, 51, 57.

Dasycladus, 51, 57. D. occidentalis, 51, 57.

Decapoda, 240, 257, 301, 468.

Decussated, 303.

Delesseria, 77, 79, 86. D. alata, 77, 86. D. Leprieurii, 77, 86. D. sinuosa, 77, 86.

Delesserieæ, 77, 85.

Dendronotidæ, 324.

Dendronotus, 41, 42, 324, 353. D. arborescens, 324, 353.

Dentalidæ, 327, 402.

Dentalium, 268, 327, 328, 404. D. dentale, 327, 403. D. hexagonum, 327, 403. D. pretiosum, 327, 403.

Dermal branchiæ, 208.

Desmacidonidæ, 100.

Desmarestia, 15, 62, 66. D. aculeata, 43, 62, 66. D. ligulata, 62, 67. D. viridis, 62, 66.

Desmarestiaceæ, 62, 66.

Desmids, 33.

Desmosticha, 217, 221.

Devil's pocket-books, 12.

Dextral, 303, 345.

Diadema, 217, 222. D. setosum, 217, 222.

Diadematidæ, 217, 222.

Diastopora, 188, 194. D. patina, 188, 194.

Diastylis, 242, 288. D. quadrispinosus, 242, 288.

Diatocardia, 300, 324, 356.

Diatomaceæ, 38.

Diatomaceous ooze, 21.

Diatoms, 21, 32. Green, 435.

Dibranchiata, 301, 464, 468.

Dictyosiphon, 62, 67. D. fœniculaceus, 62, 67.

Dictyosiphonaceæ, 62, 67.

Dictyota, 63, 70. D. dichotoma, 63, 70. D. fasciola, 63, 70.

Dictyotaceæ, 63, 70.

Diopatra, 10, 161, 178. D. cuprea, 161, 178.

Diploria, 141, 148. D. cerebriformis, 141, 148.

Discomedusæ, 133, 137.

Distribution of algæ, 30. Of animal life in the sea, 23.

Doliidæ, 326, 379.

Doliolum, 472.

Dolium, 310, 326, 379. D. galea, 326, 379. D. perdix, 326, 379.

Donacidæ, 406, 445.

Donax, 10, 406, 445. D. californicus, 406, 445. D. variabilis, 406, 445.

Dorididæ, 324.

Doris, 309, 324, 354. D. bilamellata, 324, 354.

Dorocidaris, 217, 222. D. Blakei, 217, 222. D. papillota, 217, 222.

Dorsal surface, 201, 202.

Dosinia, 406, 450. D. discus, 406, 450. D. elegans, 406, 450.

Drill, 383.

Dromia, 105.

Dromidæ, 240, 264.

Dulse, 38.

Dumontieæ, 78, 94.

E

Ears, 247, 435. Of corn, 12.

Echidnocerus, 240, 270. E. cibarius, 240, 270. E. foriminatus, 240, 271.

Echinanthidæ, 217, 224.

Echinanthus, 217, 225. E. rosaceus, 217, 225.

Echinarachnius, 217, 225. E. excentricus, 217, 225. E. parma, 44, 217, 225.

Echinaster, 204, 211. E. sentus, 204, 211.

Echinasteridæ, 204, 211.

Echinidæ, 217, 223.

Echinodermata, 200, 202, 305.

Echinoidea, 200, 203, 217, 218, 221.

Echinometra, 217, 223. E. subangularis, 217, 223.

Echinometridæ, 217, 223.

Echinus, 217, 224. E. gracilis, 217, 224.

Ectocarpaceæ, 28, 62, 64.

Ectocarpus, 28, 29, 62, 64. E. Hooperi, 29. E. littoralis, 62, 64. E. siliculosus, 62, 65. E. tomentosus, 62, 65. E. viridis, 62, 65.

Ectoderm, 101, 118.

Ectoprocta, 188, 193.

Edwardsia, 144.

Eel-grass, 12.

Egg-capsules, 314.

Egg-cases, 11, 12, 367.

Eggs, 248, 314, 343, 414.

Elachista, 62, 67.

Elachistaceæ, 67.

Elytra, 173.

Embryology, 20.

Encœliaceæ, 62, 65.

Encope, 217, 226. E. michelini, 217, 226.

Endoderm, 101, 118.

Endopodite, 243, 246.

Ensis, 310, 407, 458. E. americanus, 458. E. directus, 407, 458.

Entalis, 327. E. striolata, 327, 403.

Enteromorpha, 26, 30, 51, 55. E. clathrata, 51, 55. E. compressa, 51, 55. E. intestinalis, 51, 55. E. lanceolata, 51, 56.

Entomostraca, 238, 249.

Entoprocta, 189, 198.

Ephyrula, 136.

Epialtus, 241, 286. E. productus, 241, 286.

Epidermis, 303, 345, 347.

Epimera, 243.

Epipodite, 243.

Epistoma, 243.

Epizoanthus americanus, 267.

Equilateral, 418.

Equivalve, 418.

Erect Polyzoa, 193.

Errantia, 161, 173, 180.

Escharella, 188, 197. E. variabilis, 188, 197.

Escharina, 188.

Escutcheon, 418.

Esperiopsis, 100. E. quatsinoensis, 100.

Eucheuma, 77, 84. E. isiforme, 77, 84.

Eucope, 125. E. diaphana, 116, 125.

Eucratea, 188, 195.

E. chelata, 188, 195.

Eudendrium ramosum, 116, Plate XLI.

Eugorgia aurantica, Plate XLVI.

Eulamellibranchiata, 301, 406, 420, 438.

Eunicea lugubris, Plate XLVII.

Eunicidæ, 161, 178.

Eupagurus kroyeri, 267. E. prideaux, 267. E. pubescens, 267.

Eupanopeus, 241. E. herbstii, 241, 281.

Euphausia, 239, 247.

Euphyllopoda, 238.

Eupleura, 326, 384. E. caudata, 326, 384.

Euryalida, 213, 215.

Eurypanopeus, 241. E. depressus, 241, 281.

Euspongia, 100, 107. E. officinalis, 100, 107. E. officinalis, var. adriatica, 100, 108. E. officinalis, var. dura, 100, 108. E. officinalis, var. mollissima, 100, 108. E. officinalis, var. rotunda, 100, 108.

Eusponginæ, 100.

Euthora, 77, 83. E. cristata, 77, 83.

Exopodite, 243, 246.

Exoskeleton, 201, 203, 205.

Ex-umbrella, 120.

Eyes, 247, 322, 333, 415, 416.

F

Family, 20.

Fasciolaria, 311, 327, 331, 397. F. distans, 327, 397. F. gigantea, 327, 397. F. tulipa, 327, 397.

Fasciolariidæ, 327.

Feather-stars, 200, 234.

Fenja, 144.

Fiddler-crabs, 12, 241, 282.

Filamentous plants, 26.

Filibranchiata, 301, 405, 420, 423.

Finger-pores, 129.

Fissurella, 324, 357. F. alternata, 324, 357. F. aspersa, 324. F. barbadensis, 324, 357.

Fissurellidæ, 324, 357.

Flagellate Infusoria, 102.

Flatworms, 164.

Florideæ, 28, 31, 76.

Flustra, 188, 196. F. foliacea, 192. F. membranacea, 188, 196.

Flustrina, 188.

Foot, 303, 317, 320, 321, 328, 415. Gasteropod, 334.

Foraminifera, 21, 22.

Fossette, 303, 418.

Fovia, 160, 167. F. Warrenii, 160, 167.

Free-swimming colonies, 130.

Frond, 26.

Fucaceæ, 27, 63, 71.

Fucus, 15, 17, 30, 63, 64, 72. F. ceranoides, 63, 73. F. furcatus, 63, 73. F. serratus, 63, 73. F. vesiculosus, 38, 63, 72.

Fulgur, 10, 11, 310, 314, 327, 330, 394. F. canaliculata, 12, 327, 395. F. carica, 12, 327, 395. F. perversa, 327, 396. F. pyrum, 327, 396.

Functional siphon, 331.

Fuscous, 303.

Fusiform, 303.

G

Gammarus, 9, 43, 242, 290. G. annulatus, 290. G. locusta, 242, 290. G. mucronatus, 290.

Gasteropoda, 300, 320, 324, 328, 335.

Gastric mill, 243, 247.

Gastropores, 129.

Gelasimus minax, 282. G. pugilator, 282. G. pugnax, 282.

Gelatinous, 27.

Gelidieæ, 76, 80.

Gelidium, 76, 80. G. corneum, 76, 80. G. Coulteri, Plate XVII.

Generic name, 28.

Genus, 20.

Geographical distribution, 308.

Gephyrea, 171, 185.

Geryonopsidæ, 116, 128.

Ghost-crab, 282.

Giant crab of Japan, 244.

Gigartina, 28, 76, 81. G. mamillosa, 76, 81. G. microphylla, 76, 81. G. radula, 76, 81. G. spinosa, 76, 81.

Gigartinaceæ, 28, 76, 80.

Gills, 247, 329, 336, 413.

Girdle, 322.

Glass-rope sponge, 102.

Globigerina, 21.

Globigerina ooze, 21.

Gloiosiphonia, 78, 94. G. capillaris, 78, 94.

Gloiosiphonieæ, 78, 94.

Glove sponge, 104.

Glycera, 161, 180. G. americana, 161, 180. G. dibranchiata, 161, 180.

Glyceridæ, 161, 179.

Glycimeridæ, 407, 459.

Glycimeris, 407, 459. G. generosa, 407, 459.

Glyphis, 324, 358. G. aspersa, 324, 358.

Gonads, 135, 341.

Gonangium, 118.

Gonophore, 118.

Goose-barnacle, 252.

Gorgonacea, 141, 152.

Gorgonia anceps, Plate XLVI. G. flabellum, Plate XLVII.

Gracilaria, 77, 84. G. lichenoides, 39. G. multipartita, 77, 84. G. spinosa, 39.

Grantia, 100, 106. G. ciliata, 100, 105, 106.

Grapsidæ, 241, 281.

Grass sponge, 104.

Grateloupia, 78, 94. G. Cutleria, 78, 94.

Grateloupieæ, 78, 94.

Green glands, 246.

Griffithsia, 15, 29, 78, 91. G. Bornetiana, 78, 91. G. corallina, 29.

Grinnellia, 29, 77, 86. G. Americana, 29, 77, 86.

Gymnogongrus, 76, 82. G. Norvegicus, 76, 82.

Gymnolæmata, 188, 193.

H

Halcyonoida, 141, 150.

Halcyonoids, 142.

Halichondria, 100, 107. H. panicea, 100, 107.

Halidrys, 63, 73. H. osmunda, 63, 73.

Halimeda, 51, 58. H. opuntia, 51, 59. H. tridens, 51, 59. H. tuna, 51, 58.

Haliotidæ, 324, 358.

Haliotis, 9, 312, 324, 358. H. cracherodii, 324, 359. H. rufescens, 324, 359. H. splendens, 324, 359.

Haliseris, 63, 71. H. polypodioides, 63, 71.

Halosaccion, 78, 95. H. ramentaceum, 78, 95.

Halymenia, 78, 94. H. ligulata, 78, 94.

Haminea solitaria, 324, 351.

Harmothoë, 161, 174. H. imbricata, 161, 174.

Heart, 416.

Heart and vascular system, 341.

Heart-urchins, 218, 226.

Heliaster, 204, 205, 212. H. multiradiata, 204, 212.

Heliasteridæ, 204, 212.

Helipora, 147.

Helmet-shells, 380.

Helminthocladieæ, 76, 79.

Hemigrapsus, 241, 281. H. nudus, 241, 281. H. oregonensis, 241, 281.

Hemimyaria, 472.

Herbarium, 17.

Hermit-crabs, 12, 258, 259, 264, 362.

Heterocœla, 100.

Heterograpsus nudus, 281. H. oregonensis, 281.

Heterorrhaphidæ, 100.

Hildenbrandtia, 78, 95. H. rosea, 40, 78, 95.

Himanthalia, 63, 71. H. lorea, 63, 71.

Hippa, 10, 240, 268. H. analoga, 240, 269. H. talpoida, 10, 11, 240, 268.

Hippasteria, 204, 209. H. phrygiana, 204, 209.

Hippidæ, 240, 268.

Hippoconcha, 240, 264. H. arcuata, 240, 264.

Hippospongia, 100, 108. H. canaliculata, 100, 108. H. canaliculata, var. flabellum 100, 109. H. canaliculata, var. gossypina, 100, 108. H. equina, 100, 108. H. equina, var. agaricina, 108. H. equina, var. cerebriformis, 100, 108. H. equina, var. dura, 108. H. equina, var. elastica, 100, 108. H. equina, var. meandriformis, 100, 108.

Hircinia, 100, 109. H. campana, 100, 109.

Histology, 20.

Holdfasts, 26.

Holocampa, 141, 145. H. producta, 141, 145.

Holothuria edulis, 232.

Holothurians, 202, 203.

Holothuroidea, 200, 228, 229.

Homarus, 240, 261. H. americanus, 240, 262. H. capensis, 261. H. vulgaris, 261.

Homorrhaphidæ, 100.

How to arrange a herbarium, 17.

Hyas, 241, 284, 285. H. araneus, 241, 285. H. coarctatus, 241, 285. H. lyratus, 241, 285.

Hybocodon, 124. H. prolifer, 116, 124.

Hydractinia, 116, 122. H. polyclina, 116, 122, 266.

Hydrallmania falcata, 127.

Hydranth, 118, 119.

Hydrocorallina, 117, 129.

Hydroids, 22, 114, 119.

Hydrorhiza, 118.

Hydrosoma, 118.

Hydrotheca, 118.

Hydrozoa, 112, 114, 116, 119, 120.

Hypnea, 77, 84. H. musciformis, 77, 84.

I

Ideal mollusk, 317.

Idotea, 242, 293. I. irrorata, 293. I. marina, 242, 293. I. metallica, 242, 294. I. ochotensis, 242, 294. I. wosnesenskii, 242, 294.

Idyia, 154, 157. I. cyanthina, 154, 158. I. roseola, 154, 157.

Inarticulata, 188.

Infusoria, 21, 101.

Interambulacral areas, 201, 202, 218.

Introvert, 186.

Iridæa, 76, 82.

Isopoda, 242, 291.

Isopods, 12.

J

Janthina, 325, 364. J. fragilis, 325, 365.

Janthinidæ, 325, 364.

Jellyfishes, 7, 44, 112, 115, 119, 134.

Jonah crab, 277.

K

Kelp, 38.

Kingdom, 19.

Kitchen-middens, 432.

L

Labial palps, 416.

Labiosa canaliculata, 447.

Lacuna, 309, 326, 373. L. vincta, 12, 44, 326, 373.

Lady-crab, 276.

Lambrus, 241, 286. L. pourtalesii, 241, 286.

Lamellibranchiata, 409.

Lamelliform, 303.

Laminaria, 43, 63, 70. L. digitata, 44, 63, 70. L. longicruris, 63, 70. L. saccharina, 63, 70.

Laminariaceæ, 31, 35, 38, 63, 64, 68.

Laminarian zone, 30,31.

Larva, 201.

Larvacea, 472.

Laurencia, 77, 89. L. pinnatifida, 77, 89.

Laver, 38.

Leathesia, 62, 68. L. difformis, 41, 68. L. tuberiformis, 68.

Leda, 309, 405, 422. L. tenuisulcata, 405, 422.

Lepas, 239, 250, 252. L. anatifera, 239, 253. L. pectinata, 239, 253. L. striata, 239, 253.

Leptodora, 238.

Leptogorgia Agassizii, Plate XLVII. L. rigida, Plate XLVII.

Leptoliniæ, 116, 121.

Leptomedusæ, 116.

Leptoplana, 160, 166. L. folium, 160, 166.

Lessonia, 36, 63.

Leucosolenia, 100, 106. L. botryoides, 100, 106.

Liagora, 76.

Libinia, 241, 284. L. dubia, 241, 284. L. emarginata, 241, 284.

Ligament, 417.

Limnoria, 242, 292. L. lignorum, 13, 242, 290, 292.

Limpets, 9.

Limulus, 242, 294. L. moluccanus, 295. L. polyphemus, 242, 294.

Linerges, 133, 139. L. mercurius, 133, 139.

Lines of growth, 344, 347.

Lineus marinus, 167. L. sanguineus, 168.

Lingual ribbon, 303, 340.

Lip, inner, 344. Outer, 344.

Lithocysts, 135.

Lithodes, 240, 270. L. maia, 240, 270.

Lithodidæ, 240, 270.

Littoral, 23. Species, 308. Zone, 30.

Littorina, 9, 309, 311, 325, 338, 370. L. angulifera, 325, 372. L. irrorata, 325, 372. L. litorea, 8, 41, 42, 325, 371. L. palliata, 42, 325, 372. L. planaxis, 325, 373. L. rudis, 41, 42, 325, 371. L. scutulata, 325, 373.

Littorinella minuta, 12.

Littorinidæ, 325, 338, 370.

Livona, 325, 362. L. pica, 268, 325, 362.

Lizzia, 120.

Lobata, 154, 156.

Lobsters, 240, 247, 250, 258, 259, 261.

Loligo, 464, 467, 469. L. brevis, 464, 469. L. Pealei, 464, 469.

Lomentaria, 77, 85. L. Baileyana, 77, 85.

Lophophore, 190, 193.

Lophothuria, 228. L. fabricii, 228, 232.

Loripes, 406, 443. L. edentula, 406, 443.

Lottia, 324, 357. L. gigantea, 324, 357.

Lovenia, 217, 227. L. cordiformis, 217, 227.

Loxorhynchus, 241, 285. L. crispatus, 241, 285.

Lucapina, 324, 358. L. crenulata, 324, 358.

Lucernaria, 133, 136. L. auricula, 133, 136.

Lucina, 311, 406, 442. L. californica, 406, 443. L. dentata, 406, 443. L. floridana, 406, 442. L. nuttallii, 406, 443. L. pennsylvanica, 406, 442. L. tigrina, 406, 442.

Lucinidæ, 406, 442.

Luidia, 204, 209. L. alternata, 204, 209. L. clathrata, 204, 209. L. senegalensis, 204, 209.

Lumbriconereis, 161, 179. L. tenuis, 161, 179.

Lunatia, 12, 309, 314, 325, 367. L. heros, 10, 12, 44, 325, 367. L. lewisii, 325, 368. L. triseriata, 325, 367.

Lunules, 224, 303, 418.

Lyngbya, 48. L. æstuarii, 50. L. ferruginea, 50. L. majuscula, 50.

M

Macoma, 406, 444. M. baltica, 406, 445. M. nasuta, 406, 444. M. proxima, 406, 445. M. secta, 406, 444. M. tenta, 406, 445.

Macrocystis, 35, 63. M. pyrifera, 36, 70.

Macrura, 240, 258, 259, 272.

Mactra, 310, 406, 410, 446. M. lateralis, 406, 447. M. ovalis, 406, 447. M. similis, 406, 447. M. solidissima, 406, 446.

Mactridæ, 406, 446.

Madreporic plate, 201, 203, 206, 218.

Maiidæ, 241, 284.

Malacostraca, 239, 257.

Mandibles, 246, 258.

Mantle, 303, 316, 319, 328, 331, 410.

Mantle cavity, 303, 319, 336.

Mantle fusion, 412.

Margarita, 309, 325, 360. M. cinerea, 325, 360. M. helicina, 12, 44, 325, 360. M. undulata, 325, 360.

Margin, 417. Anterior, 417. Dorsal, 417. Posterior, 417. Ventral, 417.

Marginella, 311, 327, 399. M. apicina, 327, 399.

Marginellidæ, 327, 399.

Marine invertebrates, 97.

Maxillæ, 243, 246, 258.

Maxillipeds, 243, 246, 258.

Meckelia, 160, 169. M. ingens, 160, 169. M. rosea, 160, 169.

Mediaster, 204, 209. M. æqualis, 204, 209.

Megalops, 248, 273.

Meleagrina margaritifera, 313, 430, 431.

Melita nitida, 290.

Mellita, 217, 225. M. testudinata, 217, 225.

Melobesia, 78, 96.

Melongena, 311, 327, 396. M. corona, 327, 396.

Membranaceous, 27.

Membranipora, 188, 192, 196. M. lineata, 188, 196. M. pilosa, 43, 188, 196. M. tenuis, 188, 197.

Menippe, 241, 280. M. mercenaria, 241, 280.

Meristomes, 242, 294.

Mesoderm, 101, 118.

Mesoglœa, 62, 68. M. divaricata, 62, 68. M. virescens, 62, 68.

Metalia, 217, 227. M. pectoralis, 217, 227.

Metameres, 243.

Metapodium, 376.

Metazoa, 101.

Metridium marginatum, 42.

Microciona, 100, 107. M. prolifera, 100, 107.

Microcladia, 78, 93. M. borealis, 78, 93. M. Coulteri, 78, 93.

Millepora, 129. M. alcicornis, 117, 129.

Mitra, 313.

Mnemiopsis, 154, 157. M. Leidyii, 154, 157.

Modiola, 309, 405, 426. M. modiolus, 405, 428. M. nigra, 429. M. plicatula, 405, 429. M. recta, 405, 429. M. tulipa, 405, 429.

Mœra levis, 290.

Moina, 238.

Moira, 217, 226. M. atropos, 217, 226.

Molgula, 473, 475. M. arenata, 473, 476. M. manhattensis, 473, 475. M. pellucida, 473, 476.

Mollia, 188, 197. M. hyalina, 188, 197.

Mollusca, 300, 305, 328.

Monoceras, 312, 326, 387. M. engonatum, 326, 388. M. lapilloides, 326, 388.

Monomyarian, 303, 430.

Monostroma, 26, 51, 55.

Monotocardia, 300, 325, 364.

Morphology, 20.

Moss-animals, 191.

Mother-of-pearl, 431.

Moulting, 248, 259, 263.

Mounting seaweeds, 16.

Mouth, 329, 333.

Mud-crabs, 12.

Muddy shores, 12.

Multivalve, 307.

Murex, 326, 331, 382. M. fulvescens, 383. M. pomum, 326, 383. M. rufus, 326, 382. M. tenuispina, 343, 347.

Muricea specifera, Plate XLVI.

Muricidæ, 326, 381.

Muricinæ, 326, 381, 385.

Muscles, 248.

Musical sands, 2.

Mussel, great horse-, 428.

Mussels, 43, 321, 426.

Mya, 309, 407, 456. M. arenaria, 3, 42, 44, 311, 407, 456.

Mycedium fragile, Plate XLV.

Myidæ, 407, 456.

Myrionema, 62, 68.

Mysis, 239, 257. M. sternolepsis, 239, 257.

Mytilidæ, 406, 426.

Mytilus, 41, 309, 406, 426. M. californicus, 405, 428. M. edulis, 42, 43, 287, 405, 427, 428. M. hamatus, 405, 428.

N

Naming of plants, 28.

Nanomia, 130. N. cara, 117, 130.

Narcomedusæ, 117.

Nassa, 3, 10, 12, 327, 335, 390. N. fossata, 327, 391. N. mendica, 327, 391. N. obsoleta, 10, 12, 327, 390. N. perpinguis, 327, 391. N. tegula, 327, 391. N. trivittata, 10, 11, 327, 390. N. vibex, 327, 391.

Nassidæ, 327, 390.

Natica, 311, 325, 334, 367. N. canrena, 325, 368. N. clausa, 325, 368. N. heros, 367.

Naticidæ, 325, 366.

Nauplius, 248, 251.

Nautilus, 328, 467.

Navicula ostrearia, 435.

Nekton, 23.

Nemalion, 76, 79. N. multifidum, 76, 79.

Nemalionaceæ, 76, 79.

Nemathelminthes, 159, 161, 170.

Nematoda, 161, 170.

Nematophore, 118.

Nemerteans, 167.

Nemertes, 160, 169. N. socialis, 160, 169. N. viridis, 160, 169.

Nemertinea, 160, 167.

Neopanopeus, 241. N. texana, 241, 281.

Nephridia, 319.

Nephridium, 303.

Nephthydidæ, 161, 177.

Nephthys, 161, 178. N. ingens, 161, 178. N. picta, 161, 178.

Nereidæ, 161, 176.

Nereis, 161, 176. N. limbata, 161, 177. N. pelagica, 161, 177. N. virens, 161, 177.

Nereocystis, 63, 70. N. Lütkeana, 35.

Nerine, 161, 181. N. agilis, 161, 181. N. coniocephala, 161, 181.

Nerita, 325, 363. N. peleronta, 325, 363. N. tessellata, 325, 363. N. versicolor, 325.

Neritidæ, 325, 363.

Neritina, 311, 325, 363. N. reclivata, 325, 364. N. viridis, 325, 364.

Nervous system, 247, 320.

Neverita, 309, 325, 368. N. duplicata, 11, 325, 367. N. recluziana, 325, 368.

Nicothoë, 239, 250.

Nidorella, 204, 210. N. armata, 204, 210.

Nitophyllum, 77, 85. N. laceratum, 77, 85. N. punctatum, 77, 86. N. Ruprechteanum, 77, 86.

Noah's-ark shell, 426.

Node, 303.

Nodules, 344.

Non-Calcarea, 100, 104, 106.

Norrisia, 312.

Nostocaceæ, 48.

Nucula, 309, 405, 422. N. proxima, 405, 422.

Nuculidæ, 405, 421.

Nudibranch, 328, 349, 353.

Nudibranchiata, 300, 324, 352.

Nullipores, 31, 147.

Nummulites, 22.

O

Obelia, 125. O. commissuralis, 116, 125.

Oceania, 125. O. languida, 116, 125.

Ocinebra, 326, 384. O. circumtexta, 385. O. interfossa, 326, 385. O. lurida, 326, 384. O. poulsoni, 326, 384.

Octopi, 315.

Octopoda, 301, 464, 468.

Octopus, 464, 468.

Oculina, 141, 148.

Ocypoda, 11, 241, 282. O. arenaria, 241, 274, 282.

Ocypodidæ, 241, 282.

Odontophore, 303.

Oliva, 10, 311, 313, 327, 334, 400. O. literata, 327, 400.

Olivella, 10, 312, 327, 400. O. biplicata, 327, 400. O. boetica, 327, 401. O. mutica, 327, 400.

Olividæ, 327, 400.

Ommastrephes, 464, 468, 469. O. illecebrosus, 464, 469.

Opercula, 193.

Operculum, 254, 303, 331, 355.

Ophiocoma, 213, 216. O. æthiops, 213, 216. O. Alexandri, 213, 216. O. riisei, 213, 216.

Ophiopholis, 213, 215. O. aculeata, 43, 213, 215.

Ophiothrix, 213, 216. O. angulata, 213, 216.

Ophiurida, 213, 215.

Ophiuroidea, 200, 213, 214.

Opisthobranchiata, 300, 324, 349, 350.

Oral, 202. Surface, 201.

Orbits, 243.

Orchestia, 11, 43, 242, 289. O. agilis, 242, 289.

Organ-pipe coral, 151.

Organs of feeling, 249.

Orifice, 190, 412.

Oscillaria, 48, 49.

Osphradium, 303, 339.

Ossicles, 201, 203, 218.

Ostracoda, 238.

Ostrea, 405, 410, 435. O. edulis, 435. O. frons, 405, 435. O. lurida, 405, 435. O. virginica, 310, 405, 435.

Ostreidæ, 405, 432.

Otocysts, 165, 303.

Otter Cliffs, 43.

Ovalipes, 241, 276. O. ocellatus, 241, 276.

Ovicell, 190, 193.

Oyster-crab, 287.

Oyster-culture, 432.

Oysters, 321, 432. Pearl-, 430, 431, 432.

P

Pacific faunal divisions 311.

Pacygrapsus, 241, 282. P. crassipes, 241, 282.

Padina, 63, 71. P. pavonia, 63, 71.

Paguridæ, 240, 264.

Pagurus, 240, 267. P. bernhardus, 240, 267. P. longicarpus, 240, 267. P. pollicaris, 240, 267.

Palæmonetes, 240, 260. P. vulgaris, 240, 260.

Palæmon vulgaris, 260.

Pallial line, 303, 418. Sinus, 303, 419.

Palps, 176, 416.

Palpus, 258.

Panamic province, 312.

Pandora, 407, 463. P. trilineata, 407, 463.

Pandoridæ, 407, 463.

Panopeus, 12, 281.

Pantopoda, 242, 296.

Panulirus, 240. 263. P. americanus, 263. P. argus, 240, 263. P. interruptus, 240, 263.

Papillaceous, 303.

Paraphyses, 72.

Parapodia, 171.

Parenchyma, 26.

Parypha, 123. P. crocea, 116, 123.

Peachia, 144.

Pearls, 430, 431.

Pecten, 309, 405, 435. P. æquisulcatus, 405, 438. P. dislocatus, 405, 437. P. hastatus, 405, 438. P. irradians, 405, 437. P. islandicus, 405, 436. P. jacobius, 436. P. magellanicus, 287, 405, 436. P. tenuiscostatus, 436.

Pectinidæ, 405, 435.

Pedal opening, 412.

Pedata, 228, 231.

Pedicellariæ, 201, 205, 219.

Pedicellina, 189, 198. P. americana, 189, 198.

Pelagia, 133, 139. P. cyanella, 133, 139.

Pelagic, 23. Flora, 38.

Pelecypoda, 301, 320, 321, 405, 409, 420. Classification of, 419.

Peltogaster, 239, 256.

Pen, 467.

Penæus, 240, 260. P. brasiliensis, 240, 260. P. setiferus, 240, 260.

Penicillus, 51, 58. P. capitatus, 51, 58. P. dumentosus, 51, 58. P. Phœnix, 51, 58.

Pennaria, 124. P. gibbosa, 116, 124. P. tiarella, 116, 124.

Pennatula, 141. P. aculeata, Plate XLVII. P. borealis, Plate XLVII.

Pennatulacea, 141, 153.

Pentaceros, 204, 210. P. occidentalis, 204, 210. P. reticularis, 204, 210.

Pentacerotidæ, 204, 210.

Pentacrinus, 234, 235.

Pentacta, 228, 232. P. frondosa, 43, 228, 232.

Pentagonasteridæ, 204, 209.

Pericardium, 341, 416.

Pericolpa, 133, 136. P. quadrigata, 133, 136.

Peridinieæ, 38.

Periostracum, 303, 425.

Perisaltic, 172.

Perisarc, 118, 119.

Peristome, 190, 194, 218, 303.

Peristomium, 176.

Periwinkles, 371.

Perna, 405, 432. P. ephippium, 405, 432.

Peromedusæ, 133, 136.

Petricola, 407, 452. P. carditoides, 407, 452. P. pholadiformis, 407, 452.

Petricolidæ, 407, 452.

Petrocelis, 78, 95. P. cruenta, 40, 78, 95.

Petrolisthes, 240, 270. P. armatus, 240, 270. P. sexspinosus, 240, 270.

Peyssonnelia, 78, 95. P. Dubyi, 78, 95.

Phæophyceæ, 28, 61, 62.

Phanerogams, 25.

Phanerozonia, 204, 208.

Phascolosoma, 162, 186. P. Gouldii, 162, 186.

Pholadidæ, 407, 460.

Pholas, 407, 460. P. californica, 407, 461. P. costata, 407, 461. P. truncata, 407, 461.

Phoxichilidium, 242, 297. P. maxillare, 242, 297.

Phyla, 19.

Phyllitis, 62, 66. P. fascia, 62, 66.

Phyllodoce, 161, 175. P. gracilis, 161, 175.

Phyllodocidæ, 161, 175.

Phyllolithodes, 240, 271. P. papillosus, 240, 271.

Phyllonotus pomum, 382.

Phyllophora, 76, 81. P. Brodiæi, 76, 82. P. membranifolia, 76, 82.

Phyllopoda, 238.

Phyllospora, 63, 73. P. Menziesii, 63, 73.

Phylum, 19.

Phyncopodia helianthoides, 207.

Physalia, 131. P. arethusa, 117, 131.

Pikea, 78, 94. P. californica, 78, 94.

Pill-bugs, 291.

Pinna, 405, 431. P. muricata, 405, 431. P. seminuda, 405, 431.

Pinnotheres, 241, 287. P. maculatum, 287. P. ostreum, 241, 287.

Pinnotheriidæ, 241, 287.

Pitho, 241, 286. P. aculeata, 241, 286.

Placunanomia, 405, 425. P. macrochisma, 405, 425.

Planaria, 160, 167. P. grisea, 160, 167.

Planarians, 166.

Planarian worms, 12.

Plankton, 21, 23.

Planocera, 160, 166. P. nebulosa, 160, 166.

Planula, 120, 135.

Platyhelminthes, 159, 160, 164.

Platyonichus ocellatus, 276.

Pleurobrachia, 154, 156. P. rhododactyla, 154, 156.

Pleurococcus, 26. P. vulgaris, 25.

Plocamium, 77, 85. P. coccineum, 77, 85.

Plumularia, 127. P. falcata, 116, 127.

Plumularians, 116, 127.

Pluteus, 201, 220.

Polian vessels, 201.

Polina, 160, 170. P. glutinosa, 160, 170.

Polychæta, 161, 172.

Polycirrus, 161, 182. P. eximius, 161, 182.

Polycladida, 160, 165.

Polyides, 78, 95. P. rotundus, 78, 95.

Polymastia, 100, 106. P. robusta, 100, 106.

Polynices, 12, 310, 314, 325, 335, 367. P. duplicata, 11, 325, 344, 367. P. heros, 8, 10, 44, 325, 343, 367. P. lewisii, 325, 368. P. recluziana, 325, 368. P. triseriata, 325, 367.

Polynoë, 161, 174. P. squamata, 161, 174. P. sublevis, 161, 174.

Polyphemus, 238.

Polypide, 190, 192.

Polyplacophora, 300, 321.

Polyps, 111, 114, 119.

Polysiphonia, 77, 87. P. Baileyi, 77, 88. P. dendroidea, 77, 87. P. fastigiata, 43, 77, 87. P. fibrillosa, 77, 88. P. Harveyi, 77, 88. P. nigrescens, 77, 87. P. Olneyi, 77, 88. P. parasitica, 77, 87. P. urceolata, 77, 88. P. urceolata, var. formosa, 77, 88. P. variegata, 77, 88. P. violacea, 44, 77, 88. P. Woodii, 77, 89.

Polyzoa, 8, 188, 191.

Polyzoans, 8, 12, 22.

Pontonema, 161, 170. P. marinum, 161, 170.

Porcelanous, 304, 345.

Porcellana, 240, 269. P. sayana, 240, 269.

Porcellanasteridæ, 204, 208.

Porcellanidæ, 240, 269.

Porcupine Island, 42.

Porifera, 100, 101.

Porites, 147. P. astræaoides, Plate XLV. P. furcata, Plate XLV.

Porocidaris, 217, 222. P. sharreri, 217, 222.

Porphyra, 43, 78, 96. P. laciniata, 78, 96. P. vulgaris, 38, 78, 96.

Porpita, 132.

Portunidæ, 241, 274.

Prawns, 258, 259.

Preserving invertebrates, 14.

Prionitis, 78, 94. P. Andersonii, 78, 94. P. lanceolata, 78, 94.

Proboscis, 333.

Procerodes, 160, 167. P. frequens, 160, 167.

Propodium, 335.

Prosobranchiata, 300, 324, 349, 355.

Prostomium, 176, 243.

Protista, 22.

Protobranchiata, 301, 405, 420, 421.

Protococcaceæ, 38.

Protococcus nivalis, 25, 33.

Protophyta, 21.

Protozoa, 21, 101.

Pseudolamellibranchiata, 301, 405, 420, 429.

Psilaster, 204, 209. P. floræ, 204, 209.

Psolus ephippiger, 231. P. fabricii, 232.

Pterogorgia acerosa, Plate XLVI.

Pteronotus, 326, 384. P. festivus, 326, 384.

Ptilota, 78, 92. P. densa, 78, 92. P. elegans, 78, 92. P. hypnoides, 78, 92. P. serrata, 78, 92.

Pugettia, 241, 285. P. gracilis, 241, 285.

Pulmonata, 300, 331, 338, 349.

Punctaria, 62, 65. P. latifolia, 62, 65. P. plantaginea, 62, 66. P. tenuissima, 62, 66.

Purpura, 8, 9, 309, 312, 326, 386, 387. P. crispata, 326, 387. P. hæmastoma, 326, 387. P. lapillus, 41, 42, 314, 326, 386. P. lima, 326, 387. P. patula, 326, 386. P. saxicola, 326, 387.

Purpurinæ, 326, 385.

Pycnogonida, 242, 296.

Pycnogonidæ, 9.

Pylopagurus, 268.

Pyloric cæca, 208.

Pyrocystis noctiluca, 33.

Pyrosoma, 472.

Pyrosomata, 472.

Pyrula, 10, 326, 379. P. papyratia, 326, 379.

R

Radiata, 113.

Radiates, 20.

Radula, 304, 317, 340.

Ræta, 406, 447. R. canaliculata, 406, 447.

Ralfsia, 62, 65.

Ralfsiaceæ, 62, 65.

Rataria, 132.

Receptacles, 72.

Red crab, 278.

Red seaweeds, 76, 79.

Red snow, 33.

Reef-builders, 147.

Reef-corals, 142, 146.

Regularia, 217.

Reticulated, 304.

Rhabdocœlida, 160, 167.

Rhabdonia. 77, 83. R. Coulteri, 77, 84. R. tenera, 77, 83.

Rhithropanopeus, 241. R. harrisii, 241, 281.

Rhizocephala, 239, 256.

Rhizophyllideæ, 78, 95.

Rhizostomæ, 133, 139.

Rhodactinia, 141, 145. R. davidsii, 141, 145.

Rhodomela, 77, 89. R. floccosa, 77, 90. R. larix, 77, 90. R. Rochei, 77, 89. R. subfusca, 77, 89.

Rhodomeleæ, 77, 86.

Rhodophyceæ, 28, 76, 79.

Rhodophyllideæ, 77, 83.

Rhodophyllis, 77, 83. R. veprecula, 77, 83.

Rhodospermeæ, 79.

Rhodymenia, 77, 85. R. palmata, 38, 42, 43, 77, 85.

Rhodymeniaceæ, 77, 84.

Rhodymenieæ, 77, 85.

Ring-canal, 201, 203.

Rock-crab, 277, 280.

Rockweeds, 8.

Rocky shores, 7.

Rodicks Weir, 44.

Root-mouth jellyfishes, 139.

Rostrum, 243.

Roundworms, 170.

S

Sabella, 162, 184. S. microphthalma, 162, 184.

Sabellidæ, 162, 184.

Sacculina, 239, 256.

Sagartia, 141, 145. S. leucolena, 141, 145.

Salpa, 472, 474, 475.

Sand-crab, 282.

Sand-dollar, 11, 44, 225.

Sandpiper, 5.

Sandy shores, 10.

Sapphirina, 239, 250.

Sargasso Sea, 33.

Sargassum, 26, 63, 64, 73. S. bacciferum, 34, 35, 63, 74. S. Montagnei, 63, 74. S. vulgare, 63, 74.

Sarsia, 116, 123. S. mirabilis, 123.

Saxicava, 41.

Saxidomus, 406, 452. S. nuttallii, 406, 452.

Scala, 325, 365. S. angulata, 325, 366. S. groenlandica, 325, 366. S. lineata, 325, 366. S. multistriata, 325, 366.

Scalidæ, 325, 365.

Scallops, 12.

Scaphopoda, 320, 321, 327, 402.

Schizaster, 217, 227. S. fragilis, 217, 227.

Schizopoda, 239, 257.

Scinaia, 76, 80. S. furcellata, 76, 80.

Scrobicularia, 413.

Sculpture, 304.

Scurria, 312.

Scuta, 254.

Scutellidæ, 217, 225.

Scyllarus, 258, 263.

Scyphozoa, 112, 115, 133, 134.

Sea-acorns, 254.

Sea-anemones, 112, 142.

Sea-blubbers, 134.

Sea-colanders, 42, 69.

Sea-cucumbers, 43, 200, 202, 229.

Sea-eggs, 221.

Sea-fans, 114, 115, 142, 147, 152.

Sea-feathers, 152.

Sea-hares, 351.

Sea-lilies, 200, 234.

Sea-mats, 192.

Sea-otters' cabbage, 35.

Sea-peach, 476.

Sea-pens, 142, 153.

Sea-slugs, 349.

Sea-spiders, 9, 296.

Sea-squirts, 474.

Sea-urchins, 43, 114, 200, 203, 218, 220.

Sea-whips, 142, 152.

Sedentaria, 161, 180.

Segment, 243.

Segmented worms, 170.

Semostomæ, 133, 137.

Sense-organs, 135.

Sepia, 464, 467, 468.

Septibranchiata, 420.

Serpula, 162, 185. S. dianthus, 162, 185.

Serpulidæ, 162, 184.

Sertularia, 126. S. argentea, 43, 116, 127. S. cupressina, 116, 127. S. pumila, 43, 116, 126.

Sertularians, 8, 116, 120, 121, 126.

Sessile, 121, 126.

Sheep-crab, 285.

Sheepswool sponge, 104, 108.

Shell— Butterfly-, 323. Coffee-, 379. Conch-, 377. Cowry-, 377. Gasteropod, 342. Growth of gasteropod, 346. Mounds, 432. Noah's-ark, 426. Peach-, 454. Pelecypod, 416, 417. Razor-, 457. Setting-sun, 444.

Shipworm, 462.

Shrimps, 240, 245, 258, 259.

Sigaretus, 311, 325, 334, 369. S. perspectivus, 325, 369.

Signs on the beach, 1.

Singing Beach, 2.

Sinistral, 304, 345.

Sinuate, 304.

Sipho, 309, 313, 327, 393. S. islandicus, 393. S. pygmæus, 327, 394. S. Stimpsoni, 327, 393.

Siphon, 304, 330, 334, 411. Anal, 412. Branchial, 412. Excurrent, 412. Functional, 411. Incurrent, 412.

Siphonalia, 327, 394. S. kellettii, 327, 394.

Siphoneæ, 51, 56.

Siphonoglyphs, 143.

Siphonophora, 117, 120, 121, 130.

Siphonozoöids, 150.

Siphuncle, 468.

Sipunculoidea, 162, 185.

Sipunculus, 162, 185. S. nudus, 162, 185.

Skates, 12, 44.

Solaster, 204, 205, 211. S. decemradiata, 204, 211. S. endeca, 204, 211.

Solasteridæ, 204, 211.

Solen, 407, 458. S. ensis, 3, 458. S. rosaceus, 407, 458. S. sicarius, 407, 458. S. viridis, 407, 458.

Solenidæ, 407, 457.

Solenogastres, 321.

Solenomya, 405, 423. S. borealis, 405, 423. S. velum 405, 423.

Solenomyidæ, 405, 423.

Somite, 243.

Sow-bugs, 291.

Spatangoidæ, 217, 226.

Spatangoidea, 217, 226.

Species, 20.

Specific name, 28.

Sphacelaria, 62, 65. S. cirrhosa, 62, 65. S. radicans, 62, 65.

Sphacelariaceæ, 62, 65.

Sphæoplea annulina, 37.

Sphæridia, 219.

Sphærococceæ, 77, 84.

Sphæroma, 242, 293. S. destructor, 293. S. quadridentatum, 242, 293.

Spicules, 102.

Spider-crabs, 241, 284.

Spines, 201, 205, 221.

Spionidæ, 161, 181.

Spire, 304.

Spirorbis, 8, 12, 162, 185. S. borealis, 162, 185.

Spirula, 464, 467, 468.

Spirulina, 48, 49.

Sponges, 100, 101.

Spongia, 104. S. graminea, 109.

Spongidæ, 100.

Spongillidæ, 104.

Spongin, 102.

Spring-tides, 13, 15.

Spyridia, 78, 92. S. filamentosa, 78, 92.

Squamarieæ, 78, 95.

Squame, 243.

Squids, 464.

Squilla, 241, 288. S. empusa, 241, 288.

Starfishes, 43, 114, 200, 203, 204, 205, 434.

Station and habits of the Mollusca, 313.

Stauromedusæ, 133, 136.

Stelosponginæ, 100.

Sternogramme, 76, 82. S. interrupta, 76, 82.

Sternorhynchus, 241, 286. S. sagittarius, 241, 286.

Stomatopoda, 241, 288.

Stone-canal, 201, 203.

Stone-crab, 280.

Stony corals, 112, 115, 146.

Striæ, 344.

Strobila, 135, 138.

Strombidæ, 326, 375.

Strombus, 10, 311, 326, 376. S. alatus, 376. S. gigas, 326, 376, 431. S. pugilis, 326, 376.

Strongylocentrotus, 217, 223. S. drobachiensis, 41, 43, 217, 223. S. franciscanus, 217, 223. S. purpuratus, 217, 221, 223.

Structure of mollusks, 315.

Stylochopsis, 160, 166. S. littoralis, 160, 166.

Suberites, 100, 106. S. compacta, 100, 106.

Suberitidæ, 100.

Suborders, 29.

Subumbrella, 120.

Suckers, 201, 203.

Sun-jellies, 134, 138.

Suture, 304, 344.

Swimming-bell, 120.

Swimming crabs, 241.

Syconidæ, 100.

Syllidæ, 161, 173.

Symmetry, 328.

Synapta, 228, 229, 233. S. roseola, 228, 233. S. rotifera, 228, 233. S. tenuis, 228, 233. S. viviparia, 231.

T

Table: Classification of algæ— Blue-green, 48. Brown, 62. Grass-green, 51. Red, 76. Classification of— Actinozoa, 141. Arthropoda, 238. Asteroidea, 204. Cephalopoda, 464. Chordata, 472. Ctenophora, 154. Echinoidea, 217. Holothuroidea, 228. Hydrozoa, 116. Mollusca, 300. Molluscoida, 188. Ophiuroidea, 213. Pelecypoda, 409. Porifera, 100. Scyphozoa, 133.

Tagelus, 310, 407, 459. T. gibbus, 407, 459.

Talitrus longicornis, 289.

Talorchestia, 242, 289. T. longicornis, 242, 289. T. megalophthalma, 290.

Taonia, 63, 71. T. atomaria, 63, 71.

Tapes, 406, 451. T. laciniata, 406, 451. T. staminea, 406, 451.

Tealia crassiformis, 145.

Tectarius, 311, 326, 373. T. muricatus, 326. T. nodulosus, 326, 373.

Tectibranchiata, 300, 324, 350.

Tedania, 100, 107.

Teeth, 304, 417, 418. Cardinal, 418. Lateral, 418.

Tellina, 311, 406, 443. T. alternata, 406, 444. T. bodegensis, 406, 444. T. radiata, 406, 443, 444. T. tenera, 406, 444.

Tellinidæ, 406, 443.

Telson, 243, 247.

Tentaculocysts, 135.

Terebellidæ, 161, 182.

Teredinidæ, 407, 462.

Teredo, 407, 462. T. navalis, 13, 407, 462.

Terga, 254.

Terms used in describing Crustacea, 243. Echinoderms, 201. Hydroids, 118. Mollusks, 302. Polyzoa, 190.

Testaceous, 304.

Tetrabranchiata, 301, 464, 467.

Tetrastemma, 160, 169. T. arenicola, 160, 169.

Thalassiophyllum, 36, 63, 70.

Thaliacea, 472.

Thallophytes, 25.

Thallus, 26.

Thelepsus, 161, 182. T. cincinnatus, 161, 182.

Thorax, 243, 246.

Thracia, 309.

Thyone, 228, 231. T. briareus, 228, 231.

Tima, 128. T. formosa, 116, 128.

Tivela, 406, 410, 450. T. crassatelloides, 406, 450.

Toad-crab, 285.

Toxopneustes, 217, 224. T. variegatus, 217, 234.

Trachylinæ, 117, 120, 128.

Trachymedusæ, 117, 128.

Trachynema, 128. T. digitale, 117, 128.

Transatlantic province, 309.

Trematoda, 160.

Trichodesmium, 33.

Trichotropis, 309.

Tricladida, 160, 166.

Triclads, 166.

Tridacna gigas, 313, 419.

Triforis, 374.

Tritonidea, 327, 394. T. tincta, 327, 394.

Trivia, 326, 378. T. californica, 326, 379. T. pediculus, 326, 378. T. quadripunctata, 326, 379. T. solandri, 326, 379. T. spadacea, 379.

Trochidae, 325, 359.

Trochiscus, 325, 362. T. norrisi, 325, 362.

Trophon, 309, 326, 383. T. clathratus, 326, 383.

Tube-feet, 203.

Tubicola, 161, 172.

Tubicolous worms, 180.

Tubipora, 141, 147, 151.

Tubularia, 116. T. Couthouyi, 116, 123. T. indivisa, 116.

Tubularians, 116, 121, 122.

Tubulipora, 188, 194. T. flabellaris, 188, 194.

Tunicata, 472. 474.

Tunicates, 474.

Turbellaria, 160, 165.

Turbinate, 304.

Turbinellidæ, 327, 394.

Turbinidæ, 325, 362.

Turbo, 325, 363. T. castaneus, 325, 363. T. castaneus, var. crenulatus, 325, 363.

Tyrian purple, 386.

U

Uca, 241, 282. U. minax, 241, 282. U. pugilator, 241, 282. U. pugnax, 241, 282.

Udotea, 51, 58. U. conglutinata, 51, 58. U. flabellata, 51, 58.

Udoteaceæ, 51, 58.

Ulothrix, 51, 53.

Ulva, 26, 28, 29, 51, 55. U. lactuca, 51, 55. U. latissima, 51, 55. U. Linza, 56. U. rigida, 55.

Ulvaceæ, 28, 51, 52, 53, 54.

Umbilicus, 304, 344.

Umbo, 304, 417.

Uncini, 180.

Univalves, 306, 307, 314.

Urochorda, 472, 474.

Urosalpinx, 11, 326, 383, 434. U. cinerea, 314, 326, 383.

Uses of algæ, 37.

V

Valoniaceæ, 51, 56.

Valve, 409, 416.

Varices, 304, 344, 347.

Vegetative reproduction, 27.

Vellela, 131. V. limbosa, 117, 131.

Velum, 134.

Velutina, 309.

Velvet sponge, 104.

Veneridæ, 406, 447.

Venons sinuses, 247.

Ventral surface, 201.

Ventricose, 304.

Venus, 406, 410, 448. V. cancellata, 406, 449. V. mercenaria, 406, 448. V. mercenaria, var. mortoni, 406, 449.

Venus's flower-basket, 102. Girdle, 157.

Vermes, 163.

Vermetidæ, 326, 375.

Vermicularia, 326, 375. V. spirata, 326, 375.

Vertebrates, 19.

Vesicularia, 189, 198. V. custata, 189, 198. V. dichotoma, 189, 198.

Vibracula, 190, 193.

Visceral mass, 415.

Voluta, 313, 327, 398. V. junonia, 327, 398, 399.

Volutidæ, 327, 398.

Vulgar names, 29.

W

Walking crabs, 241.

Water-vascular system, 201, 202, 206, 231.

West Indian division, 24.

Wharves and bridges, 13.

Whelks, 44.

Whorl, 304, 343.

Whorls, nepionic, 344.

Worms, 159, 163. Bristle-, 171. Chætopod, 172. Clam-, 176. Flat-, 164. Nemertean, 167, 169. Polychæte, 172. Polyclad, 165. Round-, 170. Segmented, 170. Tubicolous, 180.

X

Xiphosura, 242, 294.

Xylotrya, 462.

Y

Yellow sponge, 104.

Yoldia, 309, 405, 422. Y. limatula, 405, 422. Y. sapotilla, 405, 423. Y. thraciæformis, 405, 432.

Z

Zirphæa, 407, 461. Z. crispata, 407, 461.

Zoantharia, 141, 142.

Zoarium, 190, 192.

Zoëa, 248, 263, 273.

Zoœcium, 190, 192.

Zonaria, 63, 70. Z. lobata, 63, 70.

Zoöids, 118, 119.

Zoöphytes, 113, 119.

Zostera marina, 12.

Zygodactyla, 128. Z. groenlandica, 116, 128.