Chapter I
Reading edition
THE PRE-HASKALAH PERIOD
?-1648
(pp. 17-52)
Notes in this chapter
Note 1 · Footnote 1: (return) Mention might, indeed, be made of Dr. Zunz's pioneer work in his Aelteste Nachrichten über Juden und jüdische Gelehrte Note 2 · Footnote 2: (return) LTI, p. 33, n. 2; LBJ, ii. 94, n. 2.Note 3 · Footnote 3: (return) See JE, s.v. Azov, and Kertch. See also Fishberg, The Jews: A Study of Race and Environment, New York, 1911, pp. 150, 1Note 4 · Footnote 4: (return) See Judah Halevi's Kuzari, Introduction.Note 5 · Footnote 5: (return) Minor, Rukovodstvo, Moscow, 1881, iv; Ha-Pardes, St. Petersburg, 1902, p. 155.Note 6 · Footnote 6: (return) HUH, pp. 31-32, 69-76.Note 7 · Footnote 7: (return) Yevrey Minister, Voskhod, 1885, v. 105 f.Note 8 · Footnote 8: (return) JE, i. 112, 119, 223; viii. 652.Note 9 · Footnote 9: (return) The synagogue in Brest-Litovsk, which Saul Wahl built in memory of his wife Deborah, was demolished in 1836. WMG, p. 84Note 10 · Footnote 10: (return) HUH, pp. 77-134.Note 11 · Footnote 11: (return) JE, x. 569.Note 12 · Footnote 13: (return) E.g. Barakha, the hero (1601), Ilyash Karaimovich, the starosta (1637), and Motve Borokhovich, the colonel (1647). SeeNote 13 · Footnote 14: (return) See Czacki, Rosprava o Zhydakh, Vilna, 1807, p. 93; Buchholtz, Geschichte der Juden in Riga, Riga, 1899, p. 3; Mann, SNote 14 · Footnote 15: (return) The Subbotniki, Dukhobortzi, and the other dissenting, but non-Jewish, sects are not referred to here, though they mayNote 15 · Footnote 16: (return) Voskhod, 1881, i. 73-75; JE, vii. 487-488; ix. 570; Bramson, K Istorii Pervonachalnaho Obrazovaniya Russkikh Yevreyev,Note 16 · Footnote 17: (return) Sternberg, Die Proselyten im xvi. und xvii. Jahrhundert, AZJ, 1863, pp. 67-68 (ibid, in L'univers Israelite, 1863, pp.Note 17 · Footnote 18: (return) HUH, pp. 3, 21 f.; Minor, op. cit., p. 4; Yevreyskiya Nadpisi, St. Petersburg, 1884, p. 217; Sefer ha-Yashar, no. 522;Note 18 · Footnote 19: (return) Catalogue de Rossi, in. 200; Ha-Maggid, 1860, pp. 299-302; HUH, pp. 33, 40.Note 19 · Footnote 20: (return) Autobiography, p. 39.Note 20 · Footnote 21: (return) LBJ, ii. 95, n.; Ha-'Ibri, New York, viii., no. 33; Lehem ha-Panim, Hil. Nedarim, no. 228.Note 21 · Footnote 22: (return) Nishmat Hayyim, Lemberg, 1858, p. 83a; Azulaï, Shem ha-Gedolim, s.v. Horowitz; FKN, p. 74, and Ha-Maggid, in. 159. Cf.Note 22 · Footnote 23: (return) See Zikronot, ed. Cohan, pp. 62-66, 90, 313, 336, 380, passim; Schechter, Studies in Judaism, Philadelphia, 1908, ii. Note 23 · Footnote 24: (return) Margoliuth, Hibbure Likkutim, Venice, 1715, Introduction.Note 24 · Footnote 25: (return) Horowitz, Frankfurter Rabbinen, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1883, pp. 30-35; FKN, pp. 73-91; Emden, op. cit, p. 125; and biNote 25 · Footnote 26: (return) LTI, ii. 81, n.; Hannover, Yeven Mezulah, Warsaw, 1872, p. 7b.Note 26 · Footnote 27: (return) Zunz, Literaturgeschichte, pp. 433-435, 442; Buber, Anshe Shem, Cracow, 1895, pp. 307-309; Benjacob, Ozar ha-Sefarim, Note 27 · Footnote 28: (return) Steinschneider, Jewish Literature, pp. 235, 240; Benjacob, op. cit, p. 396.Note 28 · Footnote 29: (return) JE, xii. 265-266: "Enfin les incrédules les plus déterminés n'out presque rien allégué qui ne soit dans le Rampart de Note 29 · Footnote 30: (return) Nusbaum, Historya Zhidóv, i. p. 180; Edelman, op. cit, attributes the coming of Saul Wahl to this cause.Note 30 · Footnote 31: (return) The Elim (Amsterdam, 1629), if not, as the Karaites maintain, actually the work of Zerah Troki, was surely the result Note 31 · Footnote 32: (return) JE, iv. 504; vii. 264; xii. 266; Ha-Eshkol, iii. and iv. (R.M. Jarre); LTI, ii. 80; Benjacob, op. cit, no. 1428.Note 32 · Footnote 33: (return) Zunz, Ritus, Berlin, 1859, p. 73, and Gottesdienstliche Vorträge, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1892, p. 452, n.a.; Wessely, Note 33 · Footnote 34: (return) Voskhod, 1893, i. 79; New Era Illustrated Magazine, v.; FNI, p. 28 f.; JE, i. 113; ii. 22, 622; xii. 265.Note 34 · Footnote 35: (return) JE, vii. 454.Note 35 · Footnote 36: (return) JE, i. 372; iv. 140; Ha-Yekeb, 1894, p. 68.Note 36 · Footnote 37: (return) Bersohn, Tobiasz Cohn, Warsaw, 1872.Note 37 · Footnote 38: (return) Cf. FKN, pp. 38-42 (Vilna constitution); Hannover, op. cit., p. 23a; Ha-Modia' la-Hadashim, II. i. II, and JE, s.v. CoNote 38 · Footnote 40: (return) Cf. Güdemann, Geschichte des Erziehungswesens, iii. 94, n., and see Dembitzer, Kelilat Yofi, Introduction, and Meassef