Part 4 — INDEX.
Reading edition
Abdominal vein in Anure Amphibian, 158 in Reptilia, 167 in Iguana, 160 in Urodele Amphibian, 157 viscera of Macacus rhesus, 77
Abnormal positions of appendix, 277
Abomasum, 49
Accipenser sturio, biliary ducts in, 145 pyloric appendices in, 120 ileo-colic junction of, 212
Ailuroidea, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Alimentary canal of Ammocœtes, 42 of Amphioxus, 42 of Belone, 40 of Chelydra, 58 of Cyclostomata, 40, 42 derivation of epithelium, 30 of muscular and connective tissue, 30 differentiation from body-cavity, 21, 29 divisions of, 38 early developmental stages, 21, 29 mammalian embryonal stages, 40 of Esox, 40 of Echelus conger, 54 of Necturus, 40 of Petromyzon, 200 of Proteus, 40 primitive type, 40, 42 of Pseudemys elegans, 55 of Rana, 55 separation from yolk-sac, 22 tract of Necturus maculatus, 52 of Tamandua, 56
Allantois in Amniota, 36 arteries of, 63, 146 derivation from alimentary canal, 35 function of, 36 relation to placenta, 36 to primitive intestine, 24 to urinary bladder, 24
Alligator mississippiensis, ileo-colic junction of, 201 stomach of, 51
Ammocœtes, alimentary canal of, 42 pancreas in, 117
Ammodytes, pyloric appendix in, 120
Amnion, definition of, 36
Amniota, development of liver in, 143
Amphibia, development of pancreas, 115 folds of intestine in, 196 ileo-colic junction of, 201
Amphibians, biliary ducts in, 145 intestinal canal of, 191
Amphioxus, alimentary canal of, 42 hepatic diverticulum of, 43 intestinal canal of, 191
Anthropoid apes, ileo-cæcal folds of, 274
Anthropoidea, ileo-colic junction of, 213
Anthropomorpha, ileo-colic junction of, 216
Anguilla anguilla, stomach of, 47
Anure Amphibian, abdominal vein of, 158 cardiac vein in, 158 musculo-cutaneous vein in, 158 pelvic vein in, 158 post-cava in, 158 pre-cava in, 158 venous system in, 158
Aorta, early condition of intestinal branches, 32
Aortal arterial system, development of, 63
Aplacentalia, definition of, 36
Appendix, abnormal positions of, 277 absence of, 249 influence of dorsal vascular fold on shape of, 271 origin of, and shape of cæcum, 245 position and peritoneal relations of, 250 variations of peritoneal relations, 258
Arctoidea, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Arctopithecus marmoratus, ileo-colic junction of, 208
Arctopithecini, ileo-colic junction of, 214
Arrest of development before intestinal rotation, 60
Arteries, of allantois, 64, 146
Artery, caudal, 64 ileo-colica, 66 colica dextra, 66 media, 66 coronary, 181 external iliac, 64 gastro-epiploica sinistra, 108 hepatic, 65, 179 ileo-colic, 262 inferior mesenteric, 67 internal iliac, 64 pancreatico-duodenalis inferior, 66 omphalo-mesenteric, 64, 146 sacralis media, 64 splenic, 65, 108 superior mesenteric, 64, 65 umbilical, 64 vitelline, 64, 146
Artiodactyla, ileo-colic junction of, 209
Arvicola pennsylvanicus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 211
Asymmetrical type of ileo-colic junction, 223
Ateles, ileo-cæcal folds of, 261 ater, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Atresia ani, 24, 28
Axial mesoderm, connection with splanchnic and somatic mesoderm, 22
Bassaris astuta, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Batrachians, stomach of, 44, 46
Belone, alimentary canal of, 40
Biliary ducts in Accipenser, 145 in Amphibians, 145 arrangement of, 145 in birds, 145 in Buceros, 145 in calf, 145 in dog, 145 in Galeopithecus, 145 in Lophius, 145 in Lutra, 145 in Monotremes, 145 in Phoca, 145 in Reptilia, 145 in sheep, 145 in Tarsius, 145 in Trigla, 145 in Xiphias, 145
Birds, folds of intestine in, 196 glandular stomach of, 50 biliary ducts in, 145 ileo-colic junction of, 203 muscular stomach of, 50 venous system of, 161
Blastoderm, 20 layers of, 21 primitive, 20
Blastodermic vesicle, 20
Blastomeres, 20
Blastula, 20
Blastosphere, 20
Body-cavity, development of, 21 primitive condition of, 29
Body-wall, 22
Boselaphus tragocamelus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 210
Bos indicus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 210 spiral colon of, 233
Bradypus marmoratus, ileo-colic junction of, 208 stomach of, 51
Brunner’s glands, 194
Buceros, biliary ducts in, 145
Bursa epiploica in lower forms, 187
Cæca of the anthropoidea, compared with the human, 247
Cæcal gastric appendices of Dicotyles, 48
Cæcum and appendix, changes in position during development, 239 development of, 237 morphology of, 237 variations of, 244 descent of, 76, 243 of embryo, shape of, 245 first appearance in human embryo of, 53 function of, 219 non-descent in adult, 75 persistent subhepatic position in adult, 75 in the Rodentia, 229 shape of, and origin of appendix, 245 types of, 245 in the Ungulata, 229
Calf, biliary ducts in, 145
Camel, gastric water-cells, 49
Canal, medullary, 21, 28 neuro-enteric, 23
Canis familiaris, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Capra ægagrus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 209
Cardiac vein in Anure Amphibian, 158
Cardinal veins, anterior, 147 posterior, 147
Carnivora, gastric diverticula of, 48 ileo-colic junction of, 212 stomach of, 46, 47
Carnivorous birds, stomach of, 50
Casuarius, duodenum, biliary and pancreatic ducts of, 115 intestinal villi of, 195
Castor fiber, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 211 stomach of, 46
Cat, development of pancreas, 115 dorsal mesogastrium, spleen and pancreas, 126 lesser peritoneal sac, 128 spleen, pancreas and great omentum, 127
Caudal artery, 64 vein in Selachian, 154 in Urodele Amphibian, 156
Caudate lobe, 170
Cebidæ, ileo-colic junction of, 214
Cebus leucophæus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 216 monachus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 216
Cell-body, 19
Cellulæ coli, 199
Ceratodus, spiral intestinal valve in, 119
Cercoleptes caudivolvulus, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Cercopithecus campbellii, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 pogonias, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 sabæus, ileo-cæcal folds of, 264 ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Cervicapra, intestinal folds of, 196
Cervus sika, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 210 spiral colon of, 233
Cetacea, ileo-colic junction of, 209
Cetaceans, stomach of, 49
Changes in position during development of cæcum and appendix, 239
Cheek pouches, 48 of Macacus nemestrinus, 48
Cheiroptera, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Chelonians, liver of, 144 stomach of, 45, 46
Chelydra, alimentary canal of, 58 pancreas of, 117 serpentaria, ileo-colic junction of, 201
Chick, development of liver in, 143 development of pancreas in, 115
Chlamydophorus, ileo-colic junction of, 207
Cholœpus didactylus, ileo-colic junction of, 207
Chrysothrix sciureus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Cleft, uro-genital, 27
Cloaca, development of, 24 division of, in higher vertebrates, 27 in human embryos, 26 in Platypus anatinus, 26 structure of, in lower vertebrates, 25 in Iguana tuberculata, 25
Cloacal membrane, 24 anal segment, 28 uro-genital segment, 28
Cœliac axis, 65
Cœlom, composition and derivation of walls, 29 development of, 21 primitive condition of, 29
Colic bend of the Manidæ, 234 loop in Phascolarctos, 234
Colico-phrenic ligament, 109
Colon, ascending, adhesions of, 81 position of, in fœtus, 84 and cæcum of Lagomys pusillus, 232 descending, adhesion of, 81 relation of, to left kidney, 83 position as influenced by fœtal liver, 77 spiral coil of, 233 structural modifications of, 230
Coluber natrix, stomach of, 44
Common bile duct, 145
Comparative anatomy of hepatic venous circulation, 154 of liver, 144
Comparison of human and anthropoid cæca, 247
Connective tissue and muscular fibers, derivation of, 30
Coprodæum, 25
Coronary artery, 181 ligaments of liver, 173
Corvus, cæca of, 203
Costo-colic ligament, 109
Crocodiles, stomach of, 46, 51
Crop, 48
Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis, ileo-colic junction of, 201
Cyclostomata, divisions of alimentary canal of, 40, 42 intestinal canal of, 191 spiral intestinal valve of, 119
Cyclothurus didactylus, ileo-colic junction and cæca of, 207
Cyclura teres, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 202
Cynocephalus anubis, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 babuin, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 porcarius, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 sphinx, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Cynoidea, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Cynomorpha, ileo-colic junction of, 213
Cyprini, stomach of, 44
Cystic duct, 146 development of, 142
Cysto-enteric duct, 145
Dasyprocta agouti, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 211 spiral colon of, 234
Dasypus sexcinctus, ileo-colic junction and cæca of, 207
Dasyurus viverinus, ileo-colic junction of, 206
Descent of cæcum, 243
Derivatives of entodermal intestinal tube, 34
Deuteroplasm, 19
Development of cæcum and appendix, 237 of cystic duct, 142 of gall-bladder, 142 of liver, 141 in amniota, 143 in chick, 143 in Elasmobranchs, 143 in Teleosts, 143 of portal circulation, 147 of spiral colon, 233 of transverse colon, 244 of vascular system of liver, 145
Dicotyles, cæcal gastric appendices of, 48 torquatus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 209
Didelphis, ileo-cæcal folds of, 263 virginiana, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 205
Digitiform gland of Selachians, 201
Dipnœans, intestinal canal of, 191 spiral intestinal valve in, 119
Diverticulum cæcum vitelli in birds, 35 in Urinator imber, 35 lumme, 35 vateri, 114
Dog, biliary ducts in, 145
Dorsal mesentery, early condition and derivation, 32 in lower vertebrates, 32 smooth muscular fiber of, 33 mesogastrium, area of adhesion to parietal peritoneum, 106 developmental changes in direction and extent, 103 definition of, 100, 101 gastro-splenic segment, 108 redundant omental growth, 105 spleen and pancreas in cat, 126 vertebro-splenic segment, 108 vascular ileo-cæcal fold, 262 fold, influence on shape of appendix, 271
Double cæcal pouches of birds, 203
Ducts of Cuvier, 147 in Selachian, 155 in Urodele amphibian, 156 omphalo-mesenteric, 22 of Santorini, 111 vitello-intestinal, 22 of Wirsung, 111 development of, 112
Ductus venosus, 149 changes after birth in, 152
Duodenal antrum, 194 fold of cat, 92 of Hapale vulgaris, 93 inferior, 95 of Nasua rufa, 92 superior, 95 fossæ, 92 superior, 94 vascular relations, 95, 96 loop, 54
Duodeno-colic neck, 57
Duodeno-jejunal fossa in the cat, 93
Duodenum, adhesion of, 67 development of, 53 peritoneal relations of infra-colic segment, 81 of supra-colic segment, 81 suspensory muscle of, 33 with biliary and pancreatic ducts, of Casuarius, 115
Echidna hystrix, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 204
Echelus conger, alimentary canal of, 54 ileo-colic junction of, 200 intestinal mucosa of, 197 endgut of, 199 pyloric appendix of, 120
Ectoderm, 21
Edentata, ileo-colic junction of, 206 types of ileo-colic junction and cæcum in, 218
Egg, development of, 20 structure of, 19
Elasmobranchs, development of liver in, 143
Elephas indicus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 210
Embryonal intestinal hernia, 52
Embryonic shield, 20
Embryo, separation of, 20
Endgut of Echelus, 199 extent and contained segments, 38 function of, 198 in lower vertebrates, 199
Enteric canal, primitive condition of, 29
Entoderm, 21 derivatives of, 28
Entodermal intestinal tube, derivatives of, 34
Epiblast, 21
Epiploic bursa, 107 early stages of, 104
Epithelium of alimentary canal, derivation of, 30
Erethizon dorsatus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 211
Esox, alimentary canal of, 40
Eunectes marinus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 203
External iliac artery, 63 perineal folds, 28
Fœtus at term, venous system of, 162
Falciform ligament, as part of ventral mesogastrium, 165
Felis, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212 leo, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Fish, development of pancreas, 115 folds of intestine, 196 ileo-colic junction of, 200
Fissipedia, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Fissure, transverse anal, 27
Folds, ileo-cæcal, 260
Follicles, solitary, 196
Foramen of Winslow, 174 boundaries in adult human subject, 184 caudal boundary, 178 in lower mammals, 183 relation to duodenal adhesion, 184 in Tamandua bivittata, 183
Foregut, comparative anatomy of, 42 divisions of, 191 extent and contained segments, 38
Formative yolk, 19
Fossa duodeno-jejunalis, 96 ileo-cæcal, 260 intersigmoidea, 97 of Treitz, 92, 96
Function of cæcum, 219 of pyloric appendices, 221 of pyloric cæca, 221 of spiral fold of intestinal mucous membrane, 220
Furrow, primitive intestinal, 22
Gadus callarias, ileo-colic junction of, 201 pyloric appendices in, 120
Galeopithecus, biliary ducts in, 145 ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 213
Gall-bladder, development of, 142 occurrence of, 144
Gastric diverticula of Carnivora, 48 of Herbivora, 48 of Omnivora, 48
Gastro-hepatic omentum, as part of ventral mesogastrium, 165
Gastro-splenic omentum, 109
Genito-urinary sinus, 27 tract, male, in Platypus anatinus, 26
Germinal area, 20 membrane, 20 spot, 19 vesicle, 19
Glands of Lieberkühn, 194
Glandular stomach of birds, 50
Gobius, stomach of, 45
Gorilla savagei, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 216
Graafian follicle, 19
Greater curvature, first appearance of, 41
Groove, medullary, 21 primitive intestinal, 22
Halicore, ileo-colic junction of, 208
Halmaturus derbyanus, ileo-cæcal folds of, 263 ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 205 stomach of, 47
Hapale jacchus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 vulgaris, duodenal fold, 93
Heloderma suspectum, ileo-colic junction of, 211
Hepatic antrum of lesser sac, 170 artery, 65 development of, 179 in relation to foramen of Winslow, 180 relation to duodenal adhesion, 182 relation to primitive dorsal mesentery, 182 cylinders, 143 ducts, 145 flexure, formation of, 76 recess of lesser sac, 177 ridge, 142 veins, 148 venous circulation, comparative anatomy of, 154 direction of current, 152 summary of development, 153
Hepatic-portal system in Selachian, 155 in Urodele Amphibian, 157 vein in Iguana, 160
Hepato-cystic duct, 145
Hepato-enteric duct, 145
Herbivora, gastric diverticula of, 48 stomach of, 46, 47
Herbivorous birds, stomach of, 50
Herons, cæcum of, 204 stomach of, 50
Hippopotamus, ileo-colic junction of, 209
Human cæca compared with those of the Anthropoidea, 247
Herpestes griseus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212 ichneumon, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Hyæna striata, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Hylobates hoolock, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 216
Hypoblast, 21
Hyracoidea, ileo-colic junction of, 210
Hyrax capensis, ileo-colon, ileo-cæcum and colic cæca of, 210 large intestine and cæca of, 234
Iguana, abdominal vein of, 160 cæcal pouch and valves of, 202 hepatic-portal vein of, 160 post-cava of, 159 renal-portal system of, 159 sciatic vein of, 160 segmental veins of, 161 tuberculata, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 201 cloaca in, 25 ventral mesogastrium of, 166
Ileo-cæcal folds, aberrant types of, 276 of the anthropoid apes, 274 of Ateles, 261 of Cercopithecus sabæus, 264 of Didelphis, 263 and fossæ, 260 of Halmaturus derbyanus, 263 of Mycetes fuscus, 264 smooth muscular fibers of, 33 fossa, anterior, 267 posterior, 271 fossæ, aberrant types of, 276
Ileo-colic artery, 262 junction of Accipenser sturio, 201 of Alligator mississippiensis, 201 of Amphibia, 201 of the Arctoidea, 212 of the Ailuroidea, 212 of Arvicola pennsylvanicus, 211 of the Anthropoidea, 213 of the Anthropomorpha, 216 of the Artiodactyla, 209 of the Arctopithecini, 214 of Arctopithecus marmoratus, 208 of Ateles ater, 214 of Bassaris astuta, 212 in birds, 203 of Boselaphus tragocamelus, 210 of Bos indicus, 210 in the Carnivora, 212 of Canis familiaris, 212 of Capra ægagrus, 209 in cases of arrested intestinal rotation, 241 of Castor fiber, 211 of the Cebidæ, 214 of Cebus, 215 leucophæus, 216 monachus, 216 of Cercoleptes caudivolvulus, 212 of Cercopithecus campbellii, 214 pogonias, 214 sabæus, 214 of Cervus sika, 210 of the Cetacea, 209 of Chlamydophorus, 207 of Cheiroptera, 212 of Chelydra serpentaria, 201 of Cholœpus didactylus, 207 of Chrysothrix sciureus, 214 of Corvus, 203 of Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis, 201 of Cyclothurus didactylus, 207 of Cyclura teres, 202 of Cynocephalus, 213 anubis, 214 babuin, 214 porcarius, 214 sphinx, 214 of the Cynoidea, 212 of the Cynomorpha, 213 of Dasyprocta agouti, 211 of Dasypus sexcinctus, 207 of Dasyurus viverinus, 206 of Dicotyles torquatus, 209 of Didelphis virginiana, 205 of Echelus conger, 200 of Echidna hystrix, 204 of the Edentata, 206 effect of rotation on position of, 59 of Elephas indicus, 210 of Erethizon dorsatus, 211 of Eunectes marinus, 203 of Felis, 212 leo, 212 in fish, 200 of the Fissipedia, 212 of Gadus callarias, 201 of Galeopithecus, 213 of Gorilla savagei, 216 of Halicore, 208 of Halmaturus derbyanus, 205 of Hapale jacchus, 214 of Heloderma suspectum, 204 of the herons, 204 of Herpestes ichneumon, 212 of Hippopotamus, 209 of Hyæna striata, 212 of Hylobates hoolock, 216 of Hyracoidea, 210 of Hyrax capensis, 210 of Iguana tuberculata, 202 of the Insectivora, 213 of Lagothrix humboldtii, 215 of Lamellirostra, 203 of Lemur macaco, 213 mongoz, 213 of the Lemuroidea, 213 of Lepus cuniculus, 211 of Macacus, 214 cynomolgus, 214 ochreatus, 214 pileatus, 214 rhesus, 214 of mammalia, 204 of Manatus americanus, 208 of Manis longicauda, 208 of Marsupialia, 204 of Monotremata, 204 of Midas geoffrei, 214 ursulus, 214 of Monodon, 209 of Mustela, 212 of Mycetes cabaya, 214 fuscus, 215 of Myoxus, 211, 212 of Myrmecophaga jubata, 207 of Nasua rufa, 212 of Necturus maculatus, 201 non-vascular serous folds, 262 of Nycticebus tardigradus, 213 of Nyctipithecus commersonii, 214 of Ornithorhynchus anatinus, 204 of Orycteropus, 208 of Oryx leucoryx, 210 of Otolicnus crassicaudatus, 273 of Paradoxurus typus, 212 of Perameles nasuta, 206 of the Perissodactyla, 210 of Phascolarctos cinereus, 205 of Phascolomys wombat, 206 of Phocæna, 209 of Phoca vitulina, 212 of Physeter, 209 of the Pinnipedia, 212 of the piscivorous divers, 203 of Pithecia satanas, 215 of Pleuronectes maculatus, 201 of the Primates, 213 of the Proboscidea, 210 of Proteles lalandii, 212 of Pseudemys elegans, 201 of Pteropus medius, 212 of Rana catesbiana, 201 of the Ratitæ, 203 of Reptilia, 201 of the Rodentia, 211 serial review in Vertebrata, 200 of the Sirenia, 208 of Simia satyrus, 216 of Strix, 203 of Struthio africanus, 204 of Sus scrofa, 209 asymmetrical type, 223 symmetrical type, 221 of Tamandua bivittata, 208 of Tapirus americanus, 210 of Tarsius spectrum, 213 of Tatusia novemcincta, 207 of Taxidea americana, 212 of Tolypeutes, 207 of Trichosurus vulpinus, 205 of Troglodytes niger, 217 types of, and cæcum, 217 in Edentata, 218 in Marsupialia, 218 of Ursus, 212 of the Ungulata, 209 of Vulpes fulvus, 212 vascular mesenteric folds of, 262 of Xenurus, 207 of Zalophus gillespiei, 212
Iliac vein in Urodele Amphibian, 157
Inferior mesenteric artery, 67
Infra-colic compartment, secondary parietal peritoneum of, 85, 86
Insectivora, ileo-colic junction of, 213
Intermediate duodenal fold, 96 non-vascular ileo-cæcal fold, 262
Internal iliac artery, 63 perineal folds, 27
Intestinal blood vessels, effect of intestinal rotation on, 59 canal of Amphioxus, 191 of Amphibians, 191 of Cyclostomata, 191 diverticula, 193 of Dipnœans, 191 of Teleosts, 191 folds of mucosa, 193 non-differentiated, of lower vertebrates, 191 folds in Amphibia, 196 in birds, 195 in fish, 196 furrow, primitive, 22 glandular apparatus in lower vertebrates, 195 groove, primitive, 22 juice, function of, 194 mucous membrane of Cervicapra, 196 of Echelus conger, 197 Lophius, 197 lymphoid tissue, 196 of Phocæna, 196 of Thalassochelys, 197 rotation, 58 arrest of development, 60 demonstration in cat, 67 spiral fold, function of, 193 vascular supply, 63 in cases of non-rotation, 67 villi of Carnivora, 195 of Casuarius, 195 of Ophidia, 195 of Ursus maritimus, 195
Intestine in early human embryo, 52 general consideration of, 51 large, and cæca of Hyrax, 234 functions of, 198 length of, 199 of monkeys, 199 of rodents, 199 width of, 199 small, 192 absorbing apparatus, 195 divisions of, 194 length of, 192 secretory apparatus, 194 structure of, 194 villi, 195
Isthmus, duodeno-colic, 57
Jejuno-ileum, development of, 54
Labrus, stomach of, 44
Lagomys pusillus, colon and cæcum of, 232
Lagothrix humboldtii, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 215
Lamellirostra, ileo-colic junction and cæca of, 203
Lateral vein in Selachian, 155
Lemur macaco, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 213 mongoz, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 213
Lemuroidea, ileo-colic junction of, 213
Lepus cuniculus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 211 saccus lymphaticus of, 211
Lesser curvature, first appearance of, 41
Ligament, colico-lienale, 109 of ductus venosus, 152 gastro-lienale, 110 lieno-renale, 109 phrenico-lienale, 109
Ligamenta coli, 199
Liver in Chelonians, 144 comparative anatomy of, 144 derivation of, 34 development of, 141 function of, 195 lobation of, 144 in Ophidia, 144 peritoneal lines of reflection in embryo, 167 in fœtus at term, 171 peritoneal relations of, 167 of Petromyzon, 141 unilobar type, 144
Lophius, biliary ducts in, 145 piscatorius, mucosa of midgut, 197 pyloric appendices in, 120 stomach of, 46
Lungs, derivation of, 34
Lutra, biliary ducts in, 145 stomach of, 48
Lymphoid tissue of intestinal mucosa, 196
Macacus cynomolgus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 descending mesocolon of, 140 lesser omentum of, 176 mesosigmoidea in, 140 nemestrinus, cheek-pouches of, 48 ochreatus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 peritoneum of infra-colic compartment, 136 pileatus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 relations of spleen and great omentum, 139 rhesus, abdominal viscera, 77 ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Mammalia, ileo-colic junction of, 204 pancreatic ducts in, 117
Manatus americanus, ileo-colic junction and bifid cæcum of, 208 stomach of, 48
Manis longicauda, ileo-colic junction of, 208
Manidæ, colic bend of, 234
Marsupalia, ileo-colic junction of, 204 types of ileo-colic junction and cæcum in, 218
Meckel’s diverticulum, 35 serous folds connected with, 262, 263
Medullary canal, 21 groove, 21 plates, 21
Membrane, cloacal, 24
Mesenchyma, 30
Mesenteric peritoneum, definition of, 32
Mesentery, absorption of, 33 definition of, 101 jejuno-ileal, line of attachment, 86 of umbilical loop, development of, 56 relation to adult mesocolon and mesentery, 72
Mesoblast, 21
Mesocola in cat, 86
Mesocolic fossa, 97
Mesocolon, ascending, adhesion of, 82 in monkeys, 83 relation of, to right kidney, 83 definition of, 101 descending, adhesion of, 82 in fœtus, 83 line of attachment of, 83 in lower mammals, 83 in Macacus, 140 in monkeys, 83 transverse, root of, 85
Mesoderm, 21 derivatives of, 28
Mesoduodenum, adhesion of, 67 definition of, 101
Mesorectum, definition of, 101
Mesosigmoidea, definition of, 101 in Macacus, 140
Mesothelium, 21
Metanephros, 24
Midas geoffrei, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 ursulus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Midgut, 192 extent of, 38
Monodon, ileo-colic junction of, 209
Monotremata, ileo-colic junction of, 204
Monotreme, structure of penis, 26
Monotremes, biliary ducts in, 145
Morphology, general, of vertebrate intestine, 190 of human cæcum and appendix, 237
Morula, 20
Moschus, stomach of, 49
Muscular stomach of birds, 50
Musculo-cutaneous vein in Anure Amphibian, 158
Mustela, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Mycetes cobaya, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214 fuscus, ileo-cæcal folds of, 264 ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 215
Myoxus, alimentary canal of, 211, 212 stomach of, 46
Myrmecophaga jubata, ileo-colic junction of, 207
Myxinoids, pancreas in, 117
Nasua rufa, duodenal fold of, 92 ileo-colic junction of, 212 pancreatico-gastric folds of, 181
Necturus, alimentary canal of, 40 maculatus, alimentary tract of, 52 ileo-colic junction of, 201 stomach of, 43 venous system of, 158
Neuro-enteric canal, 23
Non-vascular ileo-cæcal folds, 262
Nucleolus, 19
Nucleus, 19
Nutritive yolk, 19
Nycticebus tardigradus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 213 spiral colon of, 234
Nyctipithecus commersonii, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 214
Œsophageal gutter of ruminants, 49
Œsophageo-gastric junction, 45
Omega loop, development of, 77
Omental bursa, 107 early stages of, 104
Omentum, great, 107 layers of, 107 peritoneal adhesions in adult, 131 relation of, to transverse colon, transverse colon and duodenum, 129 lesser, as part of ventral mesogastrium, 165 divisions of, 172 in Macacus, 176
Omnivora, gastric diverticula of, 48
Omphalo-mesenteric arteries, 64, 146 artery, persistence of rudiments of, 65 duct, 22 veins, 146
Ophidia, intestinal villi of, 195 liver in, 144 stomach of, 44, 46
Oral pouches, 48
Ornithorhynchus anatinus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 204
Orycteropus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 208
Oryx leucoryx, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 210 spiral colon of, 233
Otolicnus crassicaudatus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 213
Ovis aries, spiral colon of, 233
Ovum, structure of, 19
Owl, stomach of, 50
Pancreas, adhesion of, 67 adhesion of mesoduodenal segment, 123 in Ammocœtes, 117 in Chelydra, 117 comparative anatomy of, 116 concealed, of Teleosts, 117 derivation of, 34 development of, in Amphibia, 115 of, in cat, 115 of, in chick, 115 of, in fish, 115 of, in lower vertebrates, 115 of, in man, 111, 115 of, in sheep, 115 in fœtal pig, 123 function of, 195 in Myxinoids, 117 peritoneal relations, 122 vascular and visceral relations of adult, 125 in Protopterus, 117 relation to dorsal mesogastrium, 123 to mesoduodenum, 122 to omental bursa, 123 in Selachians, 116
Pancreatic ducts in Mammalia, 117 normal arrangement, 113 secondary, 111 variations, 114
Pancreatico-gastric folds in man, 187 in Nasua rufa, 181
Papilla Vateri, 114
Paradoxurus typus, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Paralichthys, pyloric appendices in, 120
Parietal mesoderm, 21 peritoneum, definition of, 32
Pelamys, pyloric appendices in, 120
Pelvic vein in Anure Amphibian, 158
Perameles nasuta, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 206
Perca, pyloric appendices in, 120
Perennibranchiates, stomach of, 44, 46
Perissodactyla, ileo-colic junction of, 210
Peritoneal cavity, lesser, summary and development of structure, 180 relations and position of appendix, 250 of appendix, variations of, 258 sac, lesser, of cat, 128
Peritoneum, arrangement in infra-colic compartment, 78 of cat, compared with human arrangement, 73 of infra-colic compartment in adult human subject, 88 lesser cavity of, in relation to liver, 174 of liver, in relation to lesser sac, 174 secondary lines of reflection, 73 of supra-colic compartment, general considerations, 99
Petromyzon, alimentary canal of, 200 liver of, 141 spiral intestinal valve of, 119
Peyer’s patches, 196
Phascolarctos cinereus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 205 colic loop in, 234
Phascolomys wombat, ileo-colic junction, cæcum and appendix of, 206
Pteropus medius, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Phoca, biliary ducts in, 145 vitulina, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212 stomach of, 45
Phocæna communis, ileo-colic junction of, 209 intestinal folds, 196
Phylogeny of types of ileo-colic junction and cæcum, 217
Physeter, ileo-colic junction of, 209
Physiology of vertebrate intestine, 190
Pickerel, pyloric valve of, 45 stomach of, 44
Pinnipedia, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Pipa, stomach of, 46
Piscivorous divers, cæca of, 203
Pithecia satanas, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 215
Placental circulation, 146
Placentalia, definition of, 36
Plates, medullary, 21, 28
Platypus anatinus, male genito-urinary tract and cloaca, 26
Pleuronectes maculatus, ileo-colic junction of, 201 pyloric appendices in, 120
Pleuro-peritoneal cavity, 28
Plicæ coli, 199
Polypterus, pyloric appendix in, 120
Portal circulation, development of, 147 vein, development of, 148
Position and peritoneal relations of appendix, 250
Post-anal gut, 23
Post-cardinal veins in Urodele Amphibian, 157
Post-cava in Anure Amphibian, 158 in Iguana, 159 in Urodele Amphibian, 157
Post-caval vein, 151
Pre-cava in Anure Amphibian, 158
Primates, ileo-colic junction of, 213 types of ileo-cæcal folds in, 265
Primitive aortæ, 63 common dorsal mesentery, 33 dorsal mesentery after rotation, 79 mesentery, effect of intestinal rotation on, 59 mesenteric segment, 72 mesocolic segment, 72 jugular veins, 147
Proboscidea, ileo-colic junction of, 210
Proctodæum, 24, 26 in human embryos, 27
Protoplasm, 19
Protopterus, pancreas in, 117
Proteus, alimentary canal of, 40 anguineus, stomach of, 43
Proteles lalandii, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Proventriculus, 50
Psalterium, 49
Pseudemys elegans, alimentary canal of, 55 ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 201
Pyloric appendices, 119 function of, 221 in Accipenser, 120 in Gadus, 120 in Lophius, 120 in Paralichthys, 120 in Pelamys, 120 in Perca, 120 in Pleuronectes, 120 in Rhombus, 120 in Scomber, 120 in Thynnus, 120 relation to pancreas, 121 significance of, 120 appendix in Ammodytes, 120 in Echelus, 120 in Polypterus, 120 cæca, 119 function of, 221 stomach, 50 valve, 44 in fishes, 45 of loon, 45
Rana, alimentary canal of, 55 catesbiana, ileo-colic junction of, 201 esculenta, venous system of, 158
Ratitæ, ileo-colic junction and cæca of, 203
Rectal gland of Selachians, 201
Rectangular ileo-colic junction, 225
Recto-coccygeal muscles, 33
Recto-uterine muscles, 33
Rectum, development of, 54 separation from genito-urinary sinus, 27
Renal-portal circulation in Urodele Amphibian, 156 system in Selachian, 154 in Iguana, 159
Reptilia, abdominal vein, 167 biliary ducts in, 145 ileo-colic junction of, 201
Retro-gastric peritoneal space, boundaries of, 175 space, rudimentary form of, 105
Retro-peritoneal hernia, 92
Reticulum, 49
Rhombus, pyloric appendices in, 120
Rodentia, cæcal pouch of, 229 compound stomach of, 49 ileo-colic junction of, 211 spiral colic valve of, 231
Rodents, saccus lymphaticus of, 196
Round ligament of liver, 152
Rumen, 49
Ruminantia, structure of stomach in, 49
Saccus lymphaticus of Lepus cuniculus, 211 of Rodents, 196
Salamandra maculosa, venous system of, 158
Salivary glands, derivation of, 34
Saurians, stomach of, 44, 46
Sciatic vein in Iguana, 160
Scincus ocellatus, stomach of, 45
Scomber, pyloric appendices in, 120
Segmental veins in Iguana, 160
Segmentation, 20
Segmentation-cavity, 20
Selachian, caudal vein in, 154 digitiform gland of, 201 duct of Cuvier, 155 hepatic portal system of, 155 lateral vein of, 155 pancreas in, 116 rectal gland of, 201 renal portal system of, 154 spiral intestinal valve in, 119 venous system, 154
Semnopithecus, stomach of, 47
Septum urogenitale, 27 transversum, 142
Serous folds in cases of Meckel’s diverticulum, 262, 263 membrane, derivation of, 31
Shape of cæcum and origin of appendix, 245 of embryonic cæcum, 245
Sheep, biliary ducts in, 145 development of pancreas, 115
Sigmoid flexure, development of, 54, 77
Simia satyrus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 216
Sinus venosus, 146
Sirenia, ileo-colic junction of, 208
Soft palate, 42
Somatic mesoderm, 21
Somatopleure, 22, 29
Spigelian lobe, boundaries of, 170 development of, 169 recess of lesser sac, 177
Spiral coil of colon, 233 colic valve of Rodentia, 231 colon of Bos indicus, 233 of Cervus sika, 233 of Dasyprocta agouti, 234 development of, 233 of Nycticebus tardigradus, 234 of Oryx leucoryx, 233 of Ovis aries, 233 fold of intestinal mucous membrane, function of, 220 intestinal valve in Ceratodus, 119 in Cyclostomata, 119 in Dipnœans, 119 in Petromyzon, 119 valve of gastric diverticulum in Sus, 48
Splanchnic mesoderm, 21
Splanchnopleure, 22, 29
Spleen, development and relation to dorsal mesogastrium, 108 and great omentum in Macacus, 139 pancreas and great omentum in cat, 127 peritoneal relations, 110 vascular connections, 108
Splenic artery, 65, 108 flexure, development of, 54, 76 vessels, peritoneal relations, 109
Stomach of Alligator, 51 assumption of special functions modifying form of, 48 of Anguilla anguilla, 47 of Batrachians, 44, 46 of Bradypus, 51 cæcal diverticula of, 47 of Carnivora, 46, 47 of carnivore birds, 50 of Castor, 46 cellular structures connected with, 47 of Cetaceans, 49 changes in position during development, 102 of Chelonians, 45, 46 of Coluber natrix, 44 comparative anatomy of, 42 of Crocodiles, 46, 51 of the Cyprini, 44 definition of, as segment of foregut, 43 embryonic borders and surfaces, 41 factors modifying form of, 43 first differentiation in human embryos, 40 further development in human embryos, 40 glandular, of birds, 46 of Gobius, 45 of Halmaturus, 47 of heron, 50 of Herbivora, 46, 47 of herbivorous birds, 50 influence of habitual amount of food on form of, 44 of size and shape of abdominal cavity on form of, 46 of volume and character of food on form of, 46 of Teleosts, 46, 47 of Labrus, 44 of Lophius, 46 of Lutra, 48 of Manatus americanus, 48 of Moschus, 49 masticating surfaces of, 48 of Myoxus, 46 of Necturus maculatus, 43 of Ophidia, 44, 46 of owl, 50 of Perennibranchiates, 44, 46 of Phoca vitulina, 45 of the pickerels, 44 of Pipa, 46 of Proteus anguineus, 43 relation to vagus nerve, 43 ruminant type of, 43 of Saurians, 44, 46 of Scincus ocellatus, 45 of Semnopithecus, 47 storage compartments of, 48 structural modifications of, increasing action of gastric juice, 46 of Tamandua, 51 transverse position of, 45 type-form of, 43
Stomadæum, 24 in human embryos, 27
Strix, cæca of, 203
Structural modifications of colon, 230
Struthio africanus, ileo-colic junction and cæca of, 204
Sturgeon, pyloric valve of, 45
Subintestinal veins, 147
Submucosa, derivation of, 30
Superior mesenteric artery, 64, 65 relation to umbilical loop, 66
Suspensory ligament of liver, derived from ventral mesogastrium, 165
Sus scrofa, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 209 spiral valve of gastric diverticulum in, 48
Symmetrical type of ileo-colic junction, 221
Tænia coli-, 199
Tamandua, alimentary tract of, 56 bivittata, foramen of Winslow in, 183 ileo-colic junction and cæca of, 208 stomach of, 51
Tapirus americanus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 210
Tarsius, biliary ducts in, 145 spectrum, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 213
Taxidea americana, ileo-colic junction of, 212
Tatusia novemcincta, ileo-colic junction of, 207
Teleosts, anal and genito-urinary orifices in, 25 concealed pancreas of, 117 development of liver in, 143 gastric diverticula of, 47 intestinal canal of, 191 stomach of, 46, 47 without pyloric appendices, 120
Thalassochelys, intestinal folds of, 197
Thymus, derivation of, 34
Thynnus, pyloric appendices in, 120
Thyroid, derivation of, 34
Tolypeutes, ileo-colic junction of, 207
Transverse anal fissure, 27 colon, development of, 54, 244 differentiation of, 76 mesocolon, development of, 80
Trichosurus vulpinus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 205
Trigla, biliary ducts in, 145
Troglodytes niger, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 217
Types of ileo-cæcal folds in Primates, 265 ileo-colic junction and cæcum, phylogeny of, 217
Umbilical arteries, 63 hernia of embryo, 52 loop, derivation of adult intestinal segments from, 53 divisions of, 52 of embryonic intestine, 52 relation of vitello-intestinal duct to, 52 veins, 147 changes after birth in, 152 final arrangement, 151 further changes in, 149 intra-hepatic distribution, 152 vesicle, 22
Umbilicus, 21
Ungulata, cæcal pouch of, 229 ileo-colic junction of, 209
Urinary bladder, in human embryos, 27 relation to allantois, 24
Urinator imber, diverticulum cæcum vitelli, 35 lumme, diverticulum cæcum vitelli, 35 pyloric valve of, 45
Urodæum, 25
Urodele Amphibian, abdominal vein in, 157 caudal vein in, 156 ducts of Cuvier in, 156 hepatic-portal system of, 157 iliac vein in, 157 post-cardinal veins in, 157 post-cava in, 157 renal-portal system in, 156 venous system of, 156
Uro-genital cleft, 27
Ursus, ileo-colic junction of, 212 maritimus, intestinal villi, 195
Uvula, 42
Vagus, gastric distribution of, 43
Valves of Kerkring, 196, 197
Valvulæ conniventes, 196, 197
Variations of cæcum and appendix, 244 in the peritoneal relations of the appendix, 258
Vasa intestini tenuis, 66
Vascular mesenteric folds of ileo-colic junction, 262 system of liver, development of, 145
Vein, portal, development of, 148
Veins, anterior cardinal, 147 hepatic, 148 omphalo-mesenteric, 146 posterior cardinal, 147 primitive jugular, 147 subintestinal, 147 umbilical, 147 vitelline, 146 hepaticæ advehentes, 147 revehentes, 147
Venous system in Anure Amphibian, 158 of bird, 161 of human fœtus at term, 162 of Necturus maculatus, 158 of Rana esculenta, 158 in Selachian, 154 of Salamandra maculosa, 158 of Urodele Amphibian, 156
Ventral mesentery, early condition and derivation, 31 mesogastrium, 163 in Iguana, 166 and liver, 140 relation to duodenum, 164 relation to liver, 105 to umbilical vein, 165 vascular ileo-cæcal fold, 262
Vertebrate intestine, general morphology and physiology, 190
Visceral mesoderm, 21 peritoneum, definition of, 32
Vitelline arteries, 64, 146 membrane, 19 sac, 20 veins, 146 anastomosis of, 147
Vitello-intestinal duct, 22
Vitellus, 19
Vulpes fulvus, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Water-cells of camel’s stomach, 49
Wolffian duct, relation to primitive intestine, 24
Xenurus, ileo-colic junction of, 207
Xiphias, biliary ducts in, 145
Yolk, 19
Yolk-sac, 20
Zalophus gillespiei, ileo-colic junction and cæcum of, 212
Zona pellucida, 19