TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Reading edition
BOOK I. QUADRUPEDS, OR FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. POPULAR AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE ANIMALS DESCRIBED.
⁂ Where no synonyme is given, the Linnæan name is the only one in use; and when the synonymes are seldom used, they are marked thus *. When no Linnæan name is given, the animal was not described by Linnæus.
Section I.—CARNIVOROUS, OR FLESH-EATING ANIMALS.
English Name Linnæan Name Synonymes Page
Lion Felis Leo *Leo vulgaris.—Leach 1
Lioness Ibid.7
Tiger Felis Tigris 9
Leopard Felis Leopardus 12
Panther Felis Pardus 13
Ounce Felis Uncia.—Schreb. 14
Ocelot Felis Pardalis 14
Hunting Leopard, or Cheetah Felis jubata Cynailurus jubatus.—Wag. 15
Jaguar Felis Onca 16
Puma Felis concolor Felis Puma.—Trail *Leo Americanus.—Her. *Puma concolor.—Jard.18
Common LynxFelis Lynx *Lyncus vulgaris.—Gray 19
Canadian Lynx Felis Canadensis.—Geoff. *Lyncus Canadensis.—Gray 19
Caracal Felis Caracal.—Schreb. 20
Domestic Cat Felis domestica 20
Wild Cat Felis Catus 22
DogsCanis familiaris and var. 23
Shepherd’s Dog 23
Bloodhound 25
Foxhound 27
Pointer 28
Mastiff 29
Bulldog 30
Terrier 31
Spaniel 32
Water Spaniel 33
Newfoundland Dog 34
Greyhound 36
Fox Canis Vulpes Vulpes vulgaris.—Briss. 37
Arctic Fox Canis lagopus Vulpes lagopus 39
Wolf Canis Lupus *Lupus vulgaris 40
Jackal Canis aureus 42
Striped Hyæna Canis Hyæna Hyæna striata.—Zimm. 43
Spotted Hyæna Hyæna Crocuta 44
Black Bear Ursus Americanus 45
Grisly Bear Ursus ferox 46
Brown Bear Ursus Arctos 46
Malayan Sun Bear Ursus Malayanus 48
Polar Bear Ursus maritimus.—Gmel. 50
Racoon Ursus Lotor Procyon Lotor.—Cuv. 51
Badger Ursus Meles Meles Taxus.—Blum. 53
Coati-Mondi Viverra Nasua Nasua narica.—F. Cuv. 53
Civet Viverra Civetta.—Schreb. 54
Genet Viverra Genetta Genetta vulgaris.—Cuv. 55
Oriental Civet Viverra Zibetha 56
Ichneumon, or Egyptian Mangouste Viverra Ichneumon Herpestes Ichneumon56
Weasel Mustela vulgaris 58
Ferret Mustela furo *Viverra furo.—Shaw 60
Polecat Mustela putorius Putorius vulgaris.—Cuv. 61
Ermine Mustela erminea 62
Skunk Mustela or Mephitis Americana 63
Sable Mustela or Martes Zibellina 64
Marten Mustela Martes Martes foina.—Gray 65
Otter Mustela Lutra Lutra vulgaris.—Erxl. 66
Sea Otter Mustela Lutris Enhydra Lutris.—Gray 68
Seal Phoca vitulina *Phoca variegata.—Niel. Calocephalus vitulinus.—Cuv. 69
Walrus Trichechus Rosmarus 72
Section II.—INSECT-EATING ANIMALS.
Hedgehog Erinaceus Europæus 74
Mole Talpa Europæa Talpa vulgaris.—Briss. 76
Shrew Sorex araneus 78
Water Shrew Sorex fodiens 79
Section III.—CHEIROPTEROUS ANIMALS.
Bat Vespertilio noctula 80
Pipistrelle Vespertilio Pipistrellus 81
Long-eared Bat Vespertilio auritus Plecotus auritus.—Gray 81
Vampyre Bat Vespertilio spectrum Phyllostoma spectrum.—Geoff. 82
Kalong Bat Pteropus edulis.—Péron. 83
Section IV.—MARSUPIALIA, OR POUCH-BEARING ANIMALS.
Kangaroo Macropus giganteus.—Shaw and Cuv. *Halmaturus.—Illig. and *Kangurus.—Desm. 84
Opossum Didelphis Virginiana 86
Phalanger Phalangista vulpina.—Desm. 87
Section V.—RODENTIA, OR GNAWING ANIMALS.
Beaver Castor Fiber 88
Musk Rat Fiber zibethicus.—Des. Ondatra zibethica.—Lacep. 90
Hare Lepus timidus 91
Rabbit (Wild) Lepus cuniculus 93
Rabbit (Domestic) 94
Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris 95
Dormouse Mus avellanarius Myoxus muscardinus.—Schreb. 96
Marmot, or Alpine Rat Mus marmotta Arctomys Marmotta.—Gmel. 97
Guinea-pig Mus porcellus Cavia cobaya.—Pall. Cavia aperea.—Erxl. Hydrochœrus aperea.—F. Cuv. 98
Mouse Mus musculus 99
Rat Mus decumanus 100
Water Rat Mus amphibius Mus aquaticus.—Briss. *Lemmus aquaticus.—F. Cuv.—Arvicola amphibia.—Desm. and Jenyns. Arvicola aquatica.—Flem. 102
Lemming Mus Lemmus Myodes Lemmus.—Pall. 103
Jerboa Dipus Jerboa.—Gmel. Mus sagitta.—Pall.104
Chinchilla Chinchilla lanigera 105
Porcupine Hystrix cristata 106
Couendou Hystrix prehensilis Synetheres prehensilis.—Cuv. 106
Section VI.—EDENTATA, OR TOOTHLESS ANIMALS.
Sloth Bradypus tridactylus 107
Armadillo Dasypus sexcinctus 109
Ant-eater Myrmecophaga jubata 110
Duck-billed Platypus Ornithorhynchus paradoxus.—Blum. Platypus anatinus.—Shaw. 111
Section VII.—PACHYDERMATA, OR THICK-SKINNED ANIMALS.
Elephant Elephas Indicus 113
Hippopotamus, or River Horse Hippopotamus amphibius 116
Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis 117
Hog (Domestic) Sus scrofa 118
Wild Boar Sus scrofa Sus aper.—Briss. 120
Babiroussa Sus Babyrussa Babirussa Alfurus.—Less. 122
Peccary Dicotyles labiatus.—Cuv. 122
Tapir Tapirus Americanus.—Schreb. 123
Horse Equus caballus 124
Ass Equus Asinus Asinus vulgaris.—Gray 127
Mule 130
Kiang Equus Hemionus.—Pall. 131
Zebra Equus Zebra 132
Section VIII.—RUMINATING ANIMALS.
Bull Bos Taurus, var. domesticus 134
Cow 136
Wild Bull Bos Taurus, var. Scoticus 137
Buffalo Bos Bubalus Bubalus Caffer 139
Bison Bos Bonasus Bison Bonasus 141
Brahmin Bull, or Zebu Bos Taurus, var. Indicus 143
Sheep Ovis Aries *Capra ovis.—Blum. 144
Ram 146
Wallachian Ram 146
Argali, or Wild Sheep of Asia Ovis Ammon 147
Goat Capra Hircus 147
Ibex, or Boquetin Capra Ibex 148
Antelope Capra Cervicapra Antilope Cervicapra.—Pall. 149
Gazelle Capra Dorcas Antilope Dorcas—Pall. 150
Chamois Capra rupicapra Antilope rupicapra.—Pall. 151
Nyl Ghau Antilope picta.—Pall. 152
Gnu Antilope Gnu.—Gmel. 154
Stag Cervus Elaphus 155
Wapiti Cervus Canadensis.—Gmel. *Cervus strongyloceros.—Schres. 157
Roebuck Cervus capreolus 158
Fallow Deer Cervus Dama 159
Elk Cervus Alces 160
Reindeer Cervus Tarandus *Cervus Rangifer.—Ray. Rangifer Tarandus 161
Axis Cervus axis 163
Musk Deer Moschus Moschiferus 163
Giraffe Cervus Camelopardalis Camelopardalis Giraffa.—Gmel. 164
Camel Camelus Bactrianus 168
Dromedary Camelus Dromedarius 170
Llama Camelus glama Auchenia glama.—Illig. 172
Section IX.—QUADRUMANA, OR FOUR-HANDED ANIMALS.
Ourang Outan Simia satyrus 173
Chimpanzee Troglodytes niger.—Geoff. 174
Gorilla Troglodytes Gorilla 176
Barbary Ape Simia inuus Inuus sylvanus.—Cuv. 177
Baboon Cynocephalus porcarius.—Desm. and Cuv. 174
Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus.—Geoff. 180
Diana Monkey Simia Diana Cercopithecus Diana.—Geoff. 180
Capuchin Monkey Simia Capucina Cebus capucinus.—Des. 182
Spider Monkey Simia Paniscus Ateles Paniscus.—Geoff. 182
Ouistit or Marmozet Simia Jacchus Jacchus vulgaris.—Geoff. 183
Marikina Simia Rosalia Jacchus Rosalia 183
Lemur Lemur Macaco 184
Mongoos Lemur albifrons.—Geoff. 184
BOOK II. INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.
Section I.—Raptores.—DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.
Golden Eagle Falco chrysaëtos Aquila chrysaëtos 185
Sea Eagle Falco albicilla Haliæetus albicilla.—Sav. 188
Bald Eagle Falco leucocephalus Haliæetus leucocephalus.—Sav. 189
Osprey or Fishing Hawk Falco haliaëtus Pandion haliaëtus.—Cuv. 191
Black Eagle Falco melanaëtos 194
Vulture Vultur Papa Sarcorhampus Papa.—Dum. 195
Condor Vultur Gryphus Sarcorhampus Gryphus.—Dum. 196
Buzzard Falco Buteo Buteo vulgaris.—Bech. 197
Honey Buzzard Falco apivorus Pernis apivorus.—Cuv. 199
Goshawk Falco palumbarius Astur palumbarius.—Bech. 200
Sparrow-hawk Falco Nisus Accipiter Nisus.—Pall. Nisus communis—Cuv. 202
Kite Falco Milvus Milvus regalis.—Cuv. 203
Jer Falcon Falco Gyrfalco Falco islandicus 204
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 205
Merlin Falco æsalon Hypotriorchis æsalon.—Gray 208
Kestrel Falco Tinnunculus Tinnunculus alaudarius.—Gray 210
Secretary Bird Serpentarius reptilivorus.—Daud. 211
Hen Harrier Falco cyaneus Circus cyaneus—Boié 213
Section II.—NOCTURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.
Horned Owl Strix Bubo Bubo maximus.—Flem. 214
Harfang, or Snowy Owl Strix nyctea Surnia Nyctea—Selby 215
Barn Owl Strix flammea 216
Section III.—INSESSORES, OR PERCHING BIRDS.
Butcher-Bird, or Shrike Lanius excubitor 217
Water Ouzel, or Dipper Turdus Cinclus.—Lath. Merula aquatica.—Briss. Cinclus aquaticus.—Bech. 219
Blackbird Turdus Merula 220
Missel Thrush Turdus viscivorus 221
Redwing Turdus iliacus 222
Fieldfare Turdus pilaris 223
Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus 224
Mocking Bird Turdus polyglottus 225
Redbreast Motacilla rubecula. Sylvia rubecula.—Lath. Erythacus rubecula 226
Nightingale Motacilla luscinia Sylvia luscinia.—Lath. Curruca luscinia—Bech. Philomela luscinia 228
Blackcap Motacilla atricapilla Sylvia.—Lath. and Curruca atricapilla—Bech. 231
Wren Motacilla Troglodytes Sylvia.—Lath. Troglodytes Europæus.—Cuv. Troglodytes vulgaris.—Flem. 232
Willow Wren Motacilla trochilus Silvia trochilus.—Lath. Regulus trochilus.—Cuv. 233
Golden-crested Wren Motacilla Regulus Regulus cristatus.—Will. 235
Grey Water Wagtail Motacilla boarula 236
Red Wagtails 237
Swallow Hirundo rustica 238
Martin Hirundo urbica 241
Swift Hirundo apus Cypselus apus 243
Goatsucker Caprimulgus Europæus 244
Skylark Alauda arvensis 245
Woodlark Alauda arborea 247
Titmouse Parus cœruleus 248
Long-tailed Tit Parus caudatus 248
Yellow Hammer Emberiza citrinella 249
Wheatear Motacilla Œnanthe Silvia Œnanthe.—Lath. Saxicola Œnanthe.—Bech. 250
Whinchat Motacilla Rubetra Saxicola rubetra.—Bech. 250
Sparrow Fringilla domestica *Pyrgita domestica.—Cuv. Passer domesticus.—Ray. 252
Linnet Fringilla cannabina Fringilla Linota.—Gmel. Linaria Linota.—Cuv. 253
Canary Bird Fringilla Canaria Carduelis Canaria 254
Chaffinch Fringilla cœlebs 256
Bullfinch Loxia pyrrhula Pyrrhula vulgaris.—Tem. 258
Goldfinch Fringilla carduelis Carduelis communis.—Cuv.; Carduelis elegans.—Steph. 259
Crossbill Loxia curvirostra 261
Starling Sturnus vulgaris 262
Satin Bower Bird Ptilonorhynchus Holosericeus.—Kuhl Kitta.—Lesson. Graucalus.—Cuv. 263
Raven Corvus corax 265
Crow Corvus corone 268
Rook Corvus frugilegus 269
Jackdaw Corvus monedula 271
Magpie Corvus pica Pica caudata 272
Chough Corvus graculus Pyrrhocorax graculus.—Tem. 274
Jay Corvus glandarius Garrulus glandarius.—Briss. and Cuv. 275
Roller Coracias garrula 276
Kingfisher Alcedo ispida 277
Bird of Paradise Paradisea apoda 279
Nuthatch Sitta Europæa 281
Creeper Certhia familiaris 281
Wall Creeper Tichodroma muraria 283
Lyre Bird Menura superba 284
Humming-Bird Trochilus colubris 287
Hoopoe Upupa epops 288
Section IV.—SCANSORES, OR CLIMBERS.
Cuckoo Cuculus canorus 290
Woodpecker Picus viridis 294
Wryneck Yunx torquilla 296
Toucan Ramphastos tucanus 297
Grey Parrot Psittacus erythacus 298
Green Parrot Psittacus Amazonicus 300
Blue and Yellow Macaw Psittacus aracanga Macrocereus aracanga.—Viell. 300
Ring Paroquet Psittacus Alexandri Palæornis Alexandri.—Vig. 301
Warbling Grass Paroquet Melopsittacus undulatus 302
Cockatoo Psittacus galeritus Plyctolophus galeritus 302
Section V.—GALLINACEOUS BIRDS.
Peacock Pavo cristatus 304
Turkey Meleagris Gallo-Pavo 306
Guinea Fowl Numida Meleagris 308
Mound Bird Megapodius tumulus 310
Pheasant Phasianus Colchicus 313
Red-legged Partridge Tetrao Rufus Perdix rufus 315
Partridge Tetrao Perdix Perdix cinerea.—Lath. 316
Quail Tetrao Coturnix Coturnix major.—Briss. Coturnix vulgaris.—Flem. Coturnix Europæus.—Wils. Perdix Coturnix.—Lath. Coturnix dactylisonans.—Gould 318
American Quail Ortyx Virginianus 319
Grouse, or Moor Fowl Lagopus Scoticus.—Lath. *Bonasa Scotica.—Briss. 320
Ptarmigan Tetrao Lagopus Lagopus vulgaris.—Wils. Tetrao rupestris.—Gmel. 321
Black Cock Tetrao Tetrix *Uriogallis minor.—Ray. 322
Capercailzie Tetrao Urogallus 323
Cock Phasianus Gallus Gallus domesticus.—Wils. Gallus Sonnerati 324
Bankiva, Jago, Spanish, and Bantam Cocks, 326
Dodo Didus ineptus 328
Ringdove Columba palumbus 330
Stockdove Columba Œnas 331
Rock Dove Columba livia 332
Turtledove Columba turtur 335
Section VI.—GRALLATORES, OR WADERS.
Ostrich Struthio Camelus 337
Rhea Struthio Rhea Rhea Americana 340
Cassowary Struthio Casuarius Casuarius galeatus.—Viel. 341
Emeu Dromaius ater.—Viel. Dromaius Novæ Hollandiæ 343
Apteryx Apteryx Australis.—Shaw 344
Bustard Otis tarda 345
Crane Ardea Grus Grus cinerea.—Bech. 347
Balearic Crane Ardea pavonina Anthropoides pavonina.—Viel. Balearica pavonina.—Vig. 349
Stork Ardea Ciconia Ciconia alba.—Cuv. 350
Adjutant Leptoptilus argala 352
Heron Ardea cinerea 354
Bittern Ardea stellaris Botaurus stellaris.—Steph. 356
Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 358
Ibis Ibis religiosa.—Sav. 359
Curlew Scolopax arquata Numenius arquatus.—Lath. 360
Redshank Scolopax calidris Totanus calidris.—Bech. 361
Godwit Scolopax ægocephala Limosa melanura.—Tem. Limosa ægocephala 362
Ruff and Reeve Tringa pugnax Machetes pugnax 363
Snipe Scolopax Gallinago 365
Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 366
Knot Tringa Canutus Tringa cinerea.—Gmel. 367
Grey Plover Tringa squatarola and T. helvetica Squatarola helvetica.—Cuv. Squatarola cinerea 368
Golden Plover Charadrius pluvialis 369
Dottrel Charadrius Morinellus 370
Lapwing or Peewit Tringa vanellus Vanellus cristatus.—Mey. 371
Water Hen Fulica chloropus Gallinula chloropus 373
Corncrake, or Land Rail Rallus crex Crex pratensis.—Bech. Ortygometra crex 374
Coot Fulica atra 376
Section VII.—PALMIPEDES, OR WEB-FOOTED BIRDS.
Pelican Pelicanus onocrotalus 377
Cormorant Pelicanus Carbo Carbo Cormoranus.—Mey. Phalacrocorax Carbo.—Cuv. 379
Crested Cormorant Pelicanus graculus Phalacrocorax graculus.—Cuv. 380
Solan Goose, or Gannet Pelicanus Bassanus Pelicanus maculatus.—Gmel. Anser bassanus.—Ray. Sula alba.—Mey. Sula bassana.—Bris. 381
Tame Swan Anas olor Cygnus olor.—Ray. 383
Wild Swan Anas Cygnus Cygnus ferus.—Ray. 384
Goose Anas anser Anser palustris.—Flem. Anser ferus.—Wils. Anser sylvestris.—Briss. 386
Duck Anas Boschas Anas fera.—Briss. 388
Eider Duck Anas mollissima Somateria mollissima.—Leach. 389
Widgeon Anas Penelope Mareca fistularis.-Steph. Anatra Mangiana.—Stor. 390
Teal Anas Crecca Querquedula Crecca.—Steph. 391
Common Gull Laruscanus 392
Stormy Petrel Procellaria pelagica Thalassidroma pelagica.—Vigors 393
Fulmar Procellaria glacialis 395
Albatross Diomedea exulans 396
Great Northern Diver Colymbus glacialis 397
Puffin Alca arctica Fratercula arctica.—Leach. 398
Great Auk Alca impennis 399
Penguin 400
BOOK III. INHABITANTS OF THE WATER.
Section I.—CETACEA, OR SEA MAMMALIA.
Common Whale Balæna mysticetus 401
Rorqual Balæna Boops Balænoptera Boops.—Lacep. 407
Spermaceti Whale Physeter macrocephalus 407
Dolphin Delphinus Delphis 409
White Whale Beluga leucas.—Gray. Beluga arctica.—Less. Delphinapterus Beluga.—Lacep. 410
Porpoise Delphinus Phocæna Phocæna vulgaris 412
Sea Unicorn Monodon monoceros 414
Manatee Manatus Australis.—Tiles. 415
Section II.—CARTILAGINOUS FISHES.
Sturgeon Acipenser sturio 416
Shark Squalus Carcharias Carcharias vulgaris.—Cuv. 417
Greenland Shark Salachus maximus 420
Dog-Fish 420
Hammer-headed Shark Zygoma malleus 421
Thornback Raia clavata 422
Skate, or Maid Raia batis 424
Torpedo Raia Torpedo Torpedo Narke.—Risso 425
Monk Fish, or Angel Fish Squalus squatina Squatina Angelus.—Dum. 426
Saw Fish Squalus Pristis Pristis antiquorum.—Lath. 427
Lamprey Petromyzon marinus 427
Hag-Fish Myxine glutinosa Gastrobranchus cæcus.—Bl. 428
Section III.—BONY FISHES.
Pilot Fish Gasterosteus ductor Naucrates ductor.—Cuv. 429
Remora or Sucking Fish Echeneis Remora 430
Sea Wolf Anarrhichas lupus 431
Horned Silure Silurus militaris Ageneiosis milit.—Lacep. 432
Father Lasher Cottus scorpius 433
Sword Fish Xiphias gladius 433
Flying Scorpion Scorpæna volitans.—Emel. Pteroïs volitans.—Cuv. 435
Lump-sucker Cyclopterus lumpus 436
Ocellated-sucker Lepadogaster cornubicus.—Cuv. 437
Angler Lophius piscatorius 438
Four-horned Trunk Fish Ostracion quadricornis 439
Globe Fish Tetraodon hispidus 440
Sun Fish Tetraodon Mola Orthagariscus Mola.—Schn. 441
Sea Horse Syngnathus Hippocampus Hippocampus brevirostris.—Cuv. 442
Flying Fish Exocætus volitans 443
Gurnard Trigla cuculus 444
John Dory Zeus faber 446
Blepharis Blepharis ciliaris.—Bl. 447
Opah, or King Fish Lampris guttatus.—Retz. 447
Cod Fish Gadus Morrhua Morrhua vulgaris.—Cuv. 448
Haddock Gadus Æglefinus Morrhua Æglefinus.—Cuv. 449
Whiting Gadus Merlangus Merlangus vulgaris.—Cuv. 451
Ling Gadus molva Lota molva.—Cuv. Asellus.—Will. Molva vulgaris.—Flem. 451
Mackerel Scomber Scomber Scomber Scombrus.—Cuv. Scomber vulgaris.—Flem. 453
Gar Fish Esox Belone Belone vulgaris.—Cuv. 454
Herring Clupea Harengus 455
Sprat Clupea Sprattus 456
Pilchard Clupea pilchardus 457
Whitebait Clupea alba.—Yarrell 458
Anchovy Clupea encrasicolus Engraulis encrasicolus.—Flem. Engraulis vulgaris.—Cuv. 458
Turbot Pleuronectes maximus Rhombus maximus.—Cuv. 459
Plaice Pleuronectes platessa Platessa vulgaris.—Flem. 460
Flounder Pleuronectes flesus Platessa flesus.—Flem. Pleuronectes fluviatilis.—Will. 461
Sole Pleuronectes solea Solea vulgaris.—Cuv. 461
Salmon Pink 462
Salmon Salmo salar 463
Salmon Trout Salmo trutta 465
Trout Salmo fario 466
Char Salmo salvelinus Salmo alpoinus.—Pen. 469
Grayling Salmo thymallus Thymallus vulgaris.—Cuv. 470
Smelt Salmo eperlanus Osmerus eperlanus.—Flem. Eperlanus Rondeletii.—Will. 471
Pike Esox lucius 472
Perch Perca fluviatilis 474
Pope, or Ruffe Perca cernua Acerina cernua.—Cuv. 474
Basse Perca labrax Labrax lupus.—Cuv. 475
Carp Cyprinus carpio 477
Tench Cyprinus tinca Tinca vulgaris.—Cuv. 478
Gold Fish Cyprinus auratus 479
Gudgeon Cyprinus gobio Gobio fluviatilis.—Will. 480
Chub Cyprinus cephalus Leuciscus cephalus.—Flem. 481
Barbel Cyprinus barbus Barbus vulgaris.—Cuv. 482
Dace Cyprinus leuciscus Leuciscus vulgaris.—Cuv. 482
Roach Cyprinus rutilus Leuciscus rutilus.—Cuv. 483
Bleak Cyprinus alburnus Leuciscus alburnus.—Cuv. 483
Bream Cyprinus brama Abramis brama.—Cuv. 484
Minnow Cyprinus phoxinus Leuciscus phoxinus.—Cuv. 485
Loach Cobitis barbatula 486
Bullhead Cottus Gobio 486
Stickleback Gasterosteus aculiatus 487
Electrical Eel Gymnotus electricus 488
Eel Muræna Anguilla Anguilla vulgaris.—Thun. 490
Conger Eel Muræna conger Conger vulgaris.—Cuv. 492
BOOK IV. REPTILES.
Section I.—SERPENTS, OR OPHIDIAN REPTILES.
Viper, or Adder Coluber Borus Vipera Berus.—Daud. Pelias Berus.—Merr. 495
Horned Viper Coluber cerastes Vipera cerastes. Cerastes Hasselquistii 497
Rattle Snake Crotalus horridus 498
Haje Coluber Haje Naja Haje.—Groff. 499
Cobra di Capello Coluber Naja Naja tripudians.—Merr. 500
Snake Coluber natrix Natrix torquata.—Ray. 501
Boa Boa constrictor 502
Amphisbæna Amphisbæna fuliginosa 503
Section II.—BATRACHIAN REPTILES.
Frog Rana temporaria 505
Toad Rana Bufo Bufo vulgaris.—Laur. 507
Surinam Toad Rana Pipa Pipa Americana.—Laur. 509
Newt Lacerta aquatica Triton aquaticus 510
Great Newt Triton balustris 511
Section III.—SAURIAN REPTILES.
Lizard Lacerta vivipara Lacerta agilis.—Briss. Zootoca vivipara.—Wag. 512
Iguana Lacerta Iguana Iguana tuberculata.—Laur. 513
Flying Lizard Draco volans 514
Chameleon Lacerta Chamæleon Chamæleo vulgaris.—Cuv. 515
Crocodile Lacerta Crocodilus Crocodilus vulgaris.—Cuv. 517
Alligator, or Cayman Lacerta Alligator Alligator Lucius.—Cuv. 518
Section IV.-CHELONIAN REPTILES.
Tortoise Testudo Græca 520
Turtle Testudo midas Chelonia midas.—Briss. 521
Hawk’s Bill Turtle Testudo imbricata Chelonia imbricata.—Briss. 523
Leathery Turtle Testudo coriacea Sphargis coriacea 524
BOOK V. MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS.
Section I.—BIVALVES, OR THOSE HAVING TWO SHELLS.
Pearl Oyster Mytilus Margaritiferus Avicula margaritifera.—Lam. 525
Oyster Ostrea edulis 526
Cockle Cardium edule Cardium fimbria 527
Pholas Pholas dactylus 528
Mussel Mytilus edulis 530
Section II.—UNIVALVES.
Admiral Conus ammiralis 530
Tiger Cowry Cypræa Tigris 531
Whelk Buccinum undatum 531
Snipe Shell Murex haustellus 532
Periwinkle Littorina littorea 532
Limpet Patella vulgata 532
Snail Helix aspersa 533
Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 535
Poulpe Sepia octopodia Octopus vulgaris.—Lam. 537
Argonaut Argonauta argo 537
Nautilus Nautilus Pompilius 538
BOOK VI. ARTICULATED ANIMALS.
Section I.—ANNELIDA, OR RINGED ANIMALS.
Earthworms Lumbricus terrestris 539
Leech Hirudo medicinalis Sanguisuga officinalis 540
Section II.—CRUSTACEA.
Lobster Cancer gammarus Astacus marinus.—Leach 542
Crayfish Cancer astacus Astacus fluviatilis.—Des. Potamobius.—Leach 543
Crab Cancer Pagurus 543
Land Crab 544
Soldier Crab Pagurus Bempardus 545
Shrimp Cancer crangon Crangon vulgaris.—Fab. 546
Prawn Palæmon serratus.—Leach 546
Section III.—ARACHNIDA.
Garden Spider Aranea diadema Epeïra diadema.—Walck. 548
Tarantula Aranea Tarantula Lycosa tarantula.—Lat. 550
Cheese Mite Acarus siro 552
Section IV.—INSECTS. Order I.—Coleoptera, or Beetles.
Cockchafer Scarabæus Melolontha Melolontha vulgaris.—Fab. 554
Dor Beetle Scarabæus stercorarius Geotrupes stercorarius.—Lat. 555
Stag Beetle Lucanus Cervus 556
Elephant Beetle Scarabæus elephas Dynastes elephas 557
Musk Beetle, or Goat Chaffer Cerambyx moschatus Aromia moschata.—Serv. 558
Ground Beetle Carabus clathratus 558
Glowworm Lampyris noctiluca 559
Death Watch Ptinus pertinax Anobium pertinax.—Fab. 560
Spanish Fly Cantharis vesicatoria 561
Corn Weevil Curculio granarius Calandra granaria.—Clairv. 561
Lady Bird Coccinella septempunctata 562
Order II.—Orthoptera.
Earwig Forficula auricularia 563
Leaf Mantis Mantis gongylodes Empusa gongylodes—Ill. 564
Walking Leaf Mantis siccifolia Phyllium siccifolium.—Ill. 565
Grasshopper Locusta flavipes 566
Locust Gryllus migratorius Locusta migratoria 567
Mole Cricket Gryllus Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpa vulgaris.—Lat. 569
Cricket Gryllus domesticus Acheta domestica 570
Order III.—Hemiptera.
Lantern Fly Fulgora lanternaria 571
Cochineal Insect Coccus cacti 571
Green Fly Aphis rosæ 572
Order IV.—Neuroptera.
Ant-Lion Myrmeleon formicarium 574
Dragon Fly Libellula grandis Æshna grandis.—Fab. 576
Order V.—Hymenoptera.
Bee Apis mellifica 577
Wasp Vespa vulgaris 579
Ichneumon Pimpla persuasoria 581
Ant Formica rufa 582
Order VI.—Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies.
Emperor Moth, with its Chrysalis and Caterpillar Phalœna Pavonia minor Saturnia.—Schaank. 583
Tortoise-Shell Butterfly Papilio urticæ Vanessa urticæ.—Fab. 585
Cabbage Butterfly Papilio Brassicæ Pieris Brassicæ.—Lat. Pontia Brassicæ.—Fab. 586
Magpie Moth Phalæna grossulariata Abraxas grossulariata.—Leach 587
Winter Moth Phalæna brumata Hibernia brumata.—Lat. 588
Silkworm Bombyx mori 589
Clothes Moth Tinea pellionella 590
Order VII.—Diptera.
House Fly Musca domestica 592
Gnat Culex pipiens 592
Order VIII.—Suctoria.
Flea Pulex irritans 594
BOOK VII. RADIATA.
Star Fish Asterias rubens Uraster rubens 595
Sea-Urchin Echinus miliaris 596
Red Coral Isis nobilis Gorgonia nobilis 597
Stony Corals 600
Sponge 603
Polyps 604
Sea Anemones 607
Jelly Fish 609
Appendix.—Fabulous Animals 611