TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Reading edition
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.
Introductory Page xi
Bibliography of North American philology, by J. C. Pilling xv
Linguistic and other anthropologic researches, by J. O. Dorsey xvii
Linguistic researches, by S. R. Riggs xviii
Linguistic and general researches among the Klamath Indians, by A. S. Gatschet xix
Studies among the Iroquois, by Mrs. E. A. Smith xxii
Work by Prof. Otis T. Mason xxii
The study of gesture speech, by Brevet Lieut. Col. Garrick Mallery xxiii
Studies on Central American picture writing, by Prof. E. S. Holden xxv
The study of mortuary customs, by Dr. H. C. Yarrow xxvi
Investigations relating to cessions of lands by Indian tribes to the United States, by C. C. Royce xxvii
Explorations by Mr. James Stevenson xxx
Researches among the Wintuns, by Prof. J. W. Powell xxxii
The preparation of manuals for use in American research xxxii
Linguistic classification of the North American tribes xxxiii
ACCOMPANYING PAPERS.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE, BY J. W. POWELL.
Process by combination Page 3
Process by vocalic mutation 5
Process by intonation 6
Process by placement 6
Differentiation of the parts of speech 8
SKETCH OF THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS, BY J. W. POWELL.
The genesis of philosophy 19
Two grand stages of philosophy 21
Mythologic philosophy has four stages 29
Outgrowth from mythologic philosophy 33
The course of evolution in mythologic philosophy 38
Mythic tales 43
The Cĭn-aú-äv Brothers discuss matters of importance to the Utes 44
Origin of the echo 45
The So´-kûs Wai´-ûn-ats 47
Ta-vwots has a fight with the sun 52
WYANDOT GOVERNMENT, BY J. W. POWELL.
The family Page 59
The gens 59
The phratry 60
Government 61
Civil government 61
Methods of choosing councillors 61
Functions of civil government 63
Marriage regulations 63
Name regulations 64
Regulations of personal adornment 64
Regulations of order in encampment 64
Property rights 65
Rights of persons 65
Community rights 65
Rights of religion 65
Crimes 66
Theft 66
Maiming 66
Murder 66
Treason 67
Witchcraft 67
Outlawry 67
Military government 68
Fellowhood 68
ON LIMITATIONS TO THE USE OF SOME ANTHROPOLOGIC DATA, BY J. W. POWELL.
Archæology 73
Picture writing 75
History, customs, and ethnic characteristics 76
Origin of man 77
Language 78
Mythology 81
Sociology 83
Psychology 83
A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE MORTUARY CUSTOMS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS, BY H. C. YARROW.
List of illustrations 89
Introductory 91
Classification of burial 92
Inhumation 93
Pit burial 93
Grave burial 101
Stone graves or cists 113
Burial in mounds 115
Burial beneath or in cabins, wigwams, or houses 122
Cave burial 126
Embalmment or mummification 130
Urn burial 137
Surface burial 138
Cairn burial 142
Cremation 143
Partial cremation 150
Aerial sepulture 152
Lodge burial 152
Box burial 155
Tree and scaffold burial 158
Partial scaffold burial and ossuaries 168
Superterrene and aerial burial in canoes 171
Aquatic burial 180
Living sepulchers 182
Mourning, sacrifice, feasts, etc. 183
Mourning 183
Sacrifice 187
Feasts 190
Superstition regarding burial feasts 191
Food 192
Dances 192
Songs 194
Games 195
Posts 197
Fires 198
Superstitions 199
STUDIES IN CENTRAL AMERICAN PICTURE WRITING, BY E. S. HOLDEN.
List of illustrations 206
Introductory 207
Materials for the present investigation 210
System of nomenclature 211
In what order are the hieroglyphs read? 221
The card catalogue of hieroglyphs 223
Comparison of plates I and IV (Copan) 224
Are the hieroglyphs of Copan and Palenque identical? 227
Huitzilopochtli, Mexican god of war, etc. 229
Tlaloc, or his Maya representative 237
Cukulcan or Quetzalcoatl 239
Comparison of the signs of the Maya months 243
CESSIONS OF LAND BY INDIAN TRIBES TO THE UNITED STATES, BY C. C. ROYCE.
Character of the Indian title 249
Indian boundaries 253
Original and secondary cessions 256
SIGN LANGUAGE AMONG NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS, BY COL. GARRICK MALLERY.
List of Illustrations 265
Introductory 269
Divisions of gesture speech 270
The origin of sign language 273
Gestures of the lower animals 275
Gestures of young children 276
Gestures in mental disorder 276
Uninstructed deaf-mutes 277
Gestures of the blind 278
Loss of speech by isolation 278
Low tribes of man 279
Gestures as an occasional resource 279
Gestures of fluent talkers 279
Involuntary response to gestures 280
Natural pantomime 280
Some theories upon primitive language 282
Conclusions 284
History of gesture language 285
Modern use of gesture speech 293
Use by other peoples than North American Indians 294
Use by modern actors and orators 308
Our Indian conditions favorable to sign language 311
Theories entertained respecting Indian signs 313
Not correlated with meagerness of language 314
Its origin from one tribe or region 316
Is the Indian system special and peculiar? 319
To what extent prevalent as a system 323
Are signs conventional or instinctive? 340
Classes of diversities in signs 341
Results sought in the study of sign language 346
Practical application 346
Relations to philology 349
Sign language with reference to grammar 359
Gestures aiding archæologic research 368
Notable points for further researches 387
Invention of new signs 387
Danger of symbolic interpretation 388
Signs used by women and children 391
Positive signs rendered negative 391
Details of positions of fingers 392
Motions relative to parts of the body 393
Suggestions for collecting signs 394
Mode in which researches have been made 395
List of authorities and collaborators 401
Algonkian 403
Dakotan 404
Iroquoian 405
Kaiowan 406
Kutinean 406
Panian 406
Piman 406
Sahaptian 406
Shoshonian 406
Tinnean 407
Wichitan 407
Zuñian 407
Foreign correspondence 407
Extracts from dictionary 409
Tribal signs 458
Proper names 476
Phrases 479
Dialogues 486
Tendoy-Huerito Dialogue. 486
Omaha Colloquy. 490
Brulé Dakota Colloquy. 491
Dialogue between Alaskan Indians. 492
Ojibwa Dialogue. 499
Narratives 500
Nátci’s Narrative. 500
Patricio’s Narrative. 505
Na-wa-gi-jig’s Story. 508
Discourses 521
Address of Kin Chē-Ĕss. 521
Tso-di-a´-ko’s Report. 524
Lean Wolf’s Complaint. 526
Signals 529
Signals executed by bodily action 529
Signals in which objects are used in connection with personal action 532
Signals made when the person of the signalist is not visible 536
Smoke Signals Generally 536
Smoke Signals of the Apaches 538
Foreign Smoke Signals 539
Fire Arrows 540
Dust Signals 541
Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho Signals 542
Scheme of illustration 544
Outlines for arm positions in sign language 545
Order of arrangement 546
Types of hand positions in sign language 547
Examples 550
CATALOGUE OF LINGUISTIC MANUSCRIPTS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY, BY J. C. PILLING.
Introductory 555
List of manuscripts 562
ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD OF RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES. FROM THE MANUSCRIPTS OF MESSRS. J. O. DORSEY, A. S. GATSCHET, AND S. B. RIGGS.
How the rabbit caught the sun in a trap, by J. O. Dorsey 581
Details of a conjurer’s practice, by A. S. Gatschet 583
The relapse, by A. S. Gatschet 585
Sweat-Lodges, by A. S. Gatschet 586
A dog’s revenge, by S. R. Riggs 587
INDEX.
Index to First Annual Report 591