A TRANSLATION OF THE PHRASES AND TERMS OF ART IN THE FRENCH MARINE.

ERRATA.

In the Article

Aller en course, read, in search of an enemy.

AMURÉ, r. larboard or starboard-tacks.

Barres de panneaux, &c. r. under the covers of the hatchways.

Cheville œillets, &c. r. Cheville à œillets, &c.

Clef des etains, for cheek, r. chock.

Corde de retenue (art. 2d.) r. also the pendant, &c.

Coup de partance, r. as a signal, &c.

For DEPLOER, r. DEPLOIER.

Faire honneur, for a quelqu’ r. à quelqu’, &c.

Faire le petit, r. Faire la petit, &c.

FERS, r. de boute-dehors.

Filet, &c. for merlin, a marling, r. merlin, marline, &c.

For La lune à Mangé, r. la lune a Mangé, &c.

Marche-pied, for draw their boats, r. drawboats, &c.

OLOFÉE, for spring, r. springing, &c.

PACFI, after Pafi, r. a course, as le grand &c.

Piece de charpente, for pieces, r. piece.

Pompe, for Vénitienne, r. Vénetienne.

Longue RIME, for along stroke, r. a long stroke.

After SOU-BARBE, r. the bob-stay; also a bracket, &c.

SOULIE, for on shore, r. or shore.

TIERS point, for Lateen, r. Latine.

Tremue, for comeings, r. coamings.

A

TRANSLATION

OF

French Sea Terms and Phrases.

A.

ABATÉE, or Abbatée, fallen off to a certain point; expressed of a ship when she lies by, with some of her sails aback.

ABATTRE, to bear away, to drive, to edge farther to leeward.

Abattre un vaisseau, to heave down or careen a ship.

Le vaisseau s’ABAT, the ship drives or falls to leeward. This phrase is more peculiar to the motion of a ship when her anchor is loosened from the ground.

ABORDAGE, the shock or concussion produced by two vessels striking each other in battle or otherwise; also the assault of boarding.

Aller à l’ABORDAGE, sauter à l’ABORDAGE, to board or enter an enemy’s ship in an hostile manner.

ABORDER, to fall or drive aboard a ship, by accident, or neglect of the steersman; spoken of two vessels when one or both are under sail, or otherwise in motion.

Aborder un vaisseau de bout au corps, to lay a ship aboard by running the bowsprit over her waist.

ABOUGRI, or Rabougri, cross-grained, or knotty; a term applied by shipwrights to timber which is, by this quality, rendered unfit for ship-building.

ABOUT, the butt or end of any plank: also the place where the ends of two planks are joined on the ship’s side, &c.

ABRI, a place of anchorage under shelter of the weather-shore. Hence

ABRIÉ, becalmed, sheltered from the wind.

ACASTILLAGE, or rather Encastillage, a general name for the quarter-deck, poop, and fore-castle. Hence accastillé answers to deep-waisted.

ACCLAMPER, to fortify a piece of wood by attaching another piece thereto; as the fishes which are fixed on the masts.

ACCON, a small flat-bottomed boat, for fishing of cockles.

ACCORD, the order to pull together on a rope or tackle; also to row together, or pull uniformly with the oars.

ACCORDS, or Accores, props or shoars fixed under a ship’s wales, to keep her upright, before she is launched, or when she is brought into dock, or laid aground.

Accord droit, an upright shoar or prop.

ACCORER, to prop or sustain any weighty body, as a ship on the ground.

ACCOSTE, come aboard, or come along-side; the order given to a small vessel or boat, to approach a ship.

ACCOSTER, or Accoter, to pull or thrust any thing near or close to some other, as the two blocks of a tackle, &c.

Accoster les huniers ou les perroquets, to haul home the top-sail sheets, or top-gallant sheets.

ACCOTAR, the gunnel-plank of a ship. See Plat-bord.

ACCOURSIE, a passage formed in a ship’s hold, by a separation of her stores, cargo, or provisions, when she is laden, to go fore and aft, as occasion requires.

ACCROCHER, the act of boarding and grappling an enemy’s ship.

ACCUL, the depth of a bay, or small road,

ACCULEMENT, the concavity and figure of those timbers which are placed upon the keel, towards the extremities of a ship.

ACROTERE, a cape, head-land, or promontory.

ACTE de delai, an act by which a debtor loses all his effects by shipwreck.

ADIEU-VA, an expression of command, used by the master or pilot, to bid the ship’s crew prepare for tacking, or veering, when the course is to be changed.

ADDONER, to scant, or veer forward; expressed of the wind when it becomes unfavourable.

AFFALE, the order to lower or let down any thing.

Affalé, to be embayed, or forced, by the violence of the wind, or current, near to a lee shore.

AFFALER, to lower any thing by a tackle, as a yard, sail, cask, &c.

AFFINE, it clears away, or becomes fair: understood of the weather, after having been cloudy or over-cast for some time.

AFFOLÉE, erroneous or defective; spoken of a magnetical needle which has lost its virtue.

AFFOURCHER, to moor, or let go a second anchor, so that a ship may ride between the two, which will bear an equal strain.

AFFRANCHIR, to free the ship, or clear her hold of water by the pumps.

AFFRÉTEMENT, the freight of a merchant-ship. Hence

AFFRETER, to freight.

AFFUT de mer, the carriage of a cannon used at sea.

AGITER, to swell, or run high; expressed of a turbulent sea.

AGRÉER, to rig a ship, or equip her with yards, sails, rigging, &c.

AGREILS, or Agrès. There is no sea-term in English which answers to this expression, in its full extent; unless we adopt the obsolete word Tackling, which is now entirely disused by our mariners. The French term comprehends the rigging, yards, sails, blocks, cables, and anchors; and is probably better translated, machinery or furniture.

AIDE major, an officer whose duty resembles that of our adjutant of marines.

Aide de canonnier. See Canonnier.

AIGU, sharp or narrow towards the two ends, afore and abaft.

AIGUADE, a watering-place for shipping; also the provision or quantity of fresh water necessary for a sea-voyage.

AIGUILLE, part of a ship’s cut-water. See Eperon. This term appears to be obsolete, as it is not once mentioned by M. Du Hamel, who is very minute in describing the several pieces of the cut-water.

Aiguille also implies a top-mast, or such like piece of timber employed to support a lower-mast, in the act of careening.

Aiguille de fanal, an iron crank or brace, used to sustain the poop-lanthern.

Aiguille aimantée, the magnetical needle.

AIGUILLES de tré or de trevier, sail-needles, bolt-rope-needles.

AIGUILLETES. See Porques.

AILURES. See Illoires.

AIMANT, the magnet or loadstone.

AIR de vent, the point of the compass in which the wind fits.

AISEMENT, a place of convenience in the gallery or head of a ship.

AISSADE, that part of the poop where the ship’s breadth begins to diminish as it approaches the stern.

A LA BOULINE, close hauled. See Aller à la bouline.

ALARGUER, to sheer off; to sail aloof from the shore or some contiguous object.

A L’AUTRE, an exclamation pronounced by the sailors of the watch, at the striking of the watch-bell, every half hour to signify to the pilot that they keep a good look-out. See Look-out afore.

ALIDADE, the index of a nocturnal or sea-quadrant. See Octant.

ALIZÉ, the reigning wind of a particular season or region.

ALLEGE, a lighter or pram.

ALLÉGER un vaisseau, to lighten a ship by taking out part of her lading.

Alléger le cable, to buoy up the cable by attaching barrels, or pieces of timber, to it lengthwise, to float it up from a rocky or foul ground: also to veer away the cable.

ALLER à la bouline, to sail close by the wind, or close hauled.

Aller à grasse bouline, to sail with the wind upon the beam, or large.

Aller à la derive, to try under bare poles, or to try a hull. See Dérive.

Aller au plus près du vent, to sail as near the wind as possible.

Aller de bout au vent, to go head to wind, to sail right in the wind’s eye.

Aller en course, to cruise against, or in search of, an enemy.

Aller entre deux écoutes, to sail right afore the wind, or with both sheets aft.

Aller vent largue, to sail large, or with a large wind.

Aller terre à terre, to coast, or sail along shore.

ALLONGE, a futtock, or top-timber. See Couple and Varangue.

ALMADIE, a small African canoe, formed of the bark of a tree.

ALONGER un vaisseau, to lay a ship along-side of another.

Alonger le cable, to haul up a range of the cable upon deck.

Alonger la vergue de civadiere, to get the sprit-sail yard fore and aft under the bowsprit.

Alonger la terre, to sail along shore.

AMARQUE, the beacon, or buoy, of a shoal, flat, or sand-bank.

AMARRAGE, the ground-tackling, or furniture for mooring a ship.

Ligne d’Amarrage, a seising or lashing.

AMARRE, the order to fasten or belay a rope.

Amarre de bout, the head-fast, the head-cable, or hawser with its anchor.

AMARRER, to make fast, seise, or belay.

AMATELOTER, to mess together, to associate as comrades or mess-mates.

AME d’un gross cordage, the middle strand of a four stranded rope.

AMENER, to lower or strike. Hence Amene, lower away, or strike.

Amener une terre, to make the land, &c.

AMIRAL, Admiral. Hence

AMIRAUTÉ, the admiralty.

AMOLETTES or Amelotes, the bar-holes of the capstern or windlass.

AMORCER, to prime a cannon or other fire-arm.

AMPOULETTE, the watch-glass, kept in the binacle.

AMURÉ à babord, or à stribord, to have the larboard tacks aboard.

AMURER, to haul aboard the main or fore-tack.

Amurer la grand voile, to bring aboard the main tack. Hence

Amurer tout bas implies to get the tacks close aboard, or down as close as possible.

AMURES. See Dogue d’Amure.

Amures d’une voile, the tacks of boom-sails and stay-sails.

ANCETTES, the bow-line cringles in the bolt-rope of a sail.

ANCRE, an anchor. Hence Ancrage, the duty of anchorage. See Mouillage.

Ancre à demeure, a large anchor sunk in a road or harbour, to warp ships in and out, or ride them a short time.

Ancre à la veille, an anchor which is ready to be sunk from the ship.

Ancre de flot, & Ancre de jussant, the flood-anchor and ebb-anchor.

Ancre de terre, the shore-anchor, or that which lies towards the shore.

Ancre du large, the sea-anchor, or that which lies towards the offing.

L’Ancre a quitté, l’Ancre est dérangée, the anchor is a-trip, or a-weigh.

L’Ancre est au bossoir, the anchor is at the cat-head.

A l’Ancre, see Vaisseau à l’ancre. Bosser l’Ancre, see Bosser. Caponner l’Ancre, see Capon.

Faire venir l’Ancre à pic, or à pique, virer à pic, to heave a-peek upon the anchor.

Gouverner sur l’Ancre, to sheer the ship to her anchor, when heaving a-head.

Lever l’Ancre, to heave up the anchor, to weigh.

Chasser sur les Ancres, to drag the anchors, to drive at anchor.

Filer sur les Ancres. See Filer.

Leve l’Ancre avec la chaloupe, go and weigh the anchor with the long-boat.

Leve l’Ancre d’affourché, the order to veer away one cable, and heave upon the other.

ANCRER, or Jetter l’ancre, Mouiller l’ancre, or simply Mouiller, Donner fond, Mettre, or Avoir le vaisseau sur le fer, Toucher, Laisser tomber l’ancre. All these terms are synonimous, and signify to bring up, to anchor, to come to anchor, or to let go the anchor.

ANGE, chain-shot.

ANGUILLERES, Anguilles, or Anguillées, Lumieres, Vitonnieres, synonimous terms, which signify the limber-holes.

ANNEAU pour attacher les vaisseaux, a mooring-ring on a wharf, buoy, &c.

Anneau de corde, a slipping-noose, a running bowline-knot.

ANNEAUX d’écoutilles, or boucles, ring-bolts of the deck, &c.

Anneaux d’étai, the hanks of a stay-sail. See Daillots.

Anneaux de sabords, ring-bolts of the gun-ports.

ANORDIE, a northerly storm peculiar to the gulph of Mexico, and the adjacent coasts, at certain seasons of the year, called by the English Creoles, a North.

ANSE, a bight or small bay.

ANSPECT, a handspike or lever.

ANTENNE, a lateen sail-yard. See Vergue.

ANTOIT, a crooked instrument of iron, used to bind the side-planks round the timbers in ship-building. English artificers perform this operation by wraining-bolts and staffs.

A PIC, a-peek, perpendicularly above the anchor, with a tight cable.

APIQUER une vergue, to top a sail-yard, or peek it up.

APLESTER, or Aplestrer, to unfurl and set the sails, ready for putting to sea.

APOSTIS, the row-locks of a galley.

APOTRES, the hawse-pieces of a ship.

APPARAUX, or Aparaux, the whole furniture of a ship, as the sails, yards, blocks, anchors, cables, helm, and artillery. This term is therefore more comprehensive than Agrès, and less so than Equippement, which, besides the above, includes the seamen, soldiers, and their provision.

APPARCELADO, a flat, equal and uniform bottom of the sea.

APPAREIL de carene, the careening-purchases; also the necessary implements and materials employed in careening.

Appareil de pompe, the pump-gear, as the boxes, brake, spear, &c.

APPAREILER, to make ready for sailing, to get under sail.

APPARTEMENT, a birth, cabin, or store room, in a ship.

APPOINTÉ, a mariner whose passage is paid by the state, and who is not obliged to work in the ship that carries him.

APPROCHER du vent. See Aller à la bouline.

AQUE, or Acque, a sort of flat bottomed lighter employed on the Rhine.

ARAIGNÉES, the crow-feet of the tops.

ARAMBER, to close in with a ship and grapple her.

ARBALETE, a cross-staff or fore-staff.

ARBALETRIERE, a platform, or gangway, on which the soldiers stand to fire their musquetry in a row-galley.

ARBORER un mât, to step or set up a mast, to get the mast an end.

Arborer un pavillon, to hoist and display a flag or ensign.

ARBRE, a mast, in the dialect of Provence. See Mat.

ARC, or ligne courbe de l’éperon, the curve of the prow or cutwater.

ARCANNE, a sort of red chalk used by shipwrights in France, to mark the timber in hewing or forming it.

ARCASSE, the stern of a ship; also the shell of a block.

ARCBOUTANT, a spar or small mast; more particularly, a boom to extend the bottom of a studding-sail, square-sail, or driver.

Arcboutant d’échafaud, the prop or shoar of a scaffold used in ship-building.

ARCEAUX, a name formerly given to the rails of the head. See Lisse de poulaine.

ARCENAL de marine, a royal dock-yard, with its warren or gun-wharf.

ARCHE, a thin covering of lath or shingle, and sometimes of rope, which cases the ship’s pump like a sheath, to preserve and keep it tight.

ARCHIPOMPE, the pump-well.

ARCHITECTURE navale, the art of ship-building.

ARDENT, a corposant, or meteor, often seen at sea in a storm. See Feu St. Elme.

Ardent, the quality of griping in the steerage, or carrying a weatherly helm.

ARER, or Chasser, to chase. See Chasser.

ARGANEAU, or Organeau, a ring-bolt of the deck or sides of a ship.

Arganeau d’ancre, the anchor-ring.

ARGOUSIN, a petty officer in the gallies, whose duty it is to fix on, or take off the shackles of the slaves, and to prevent them from escaping. It answers nearly to the corporal of a ship of war. See Prevôt.

ARISER les vergues, to strike the lower yards down upon the gunnel.

ARMADILLE, a small squadron of Spanish frigates of War, usually employed to guard the coast of New Spain, and prevent illicit trade.

ARMATEUR, a privateer or cruiser. See Corsaire.

Vaisseau ARMÉ en guerre, a merchant-vessel fitted for war, and furnished with a letter of marque to cruise against the enemy.

ARMÉE navale, a naval armament, a fleet of ships of war.

ARMEMENT, the equipment or fitting out of a ship of war, or merchantman, for a cruise, or voyage.

Etat d’Armement, a list of the officers intended to serve in a squadron of men of war.

ARMER les avirons, to ship the oars ready for rowing.

Armer un vaisseau, to arm a ship for war, or equip her for a voyage.

ARMURIER, the armourer of a vessel of war.

ARONDELLES de mer, a general name for small vessels, as brigs, settees, tartans, &c.

ARQUÉ, broken-backed or hogged, drooping at the stem and stern.

ARRET de vaisseaux & fermetures de port, an embargo laid on shipping,

ARRIERE, abaft; the hind part of a ship.

Faire vent Arriere, to bring the wind aft, or astern.

Arriere-garde d’une armée navale, the rear-division of a fleet of vessels of war.

ARRIMAGE, the stowage or disposition of the cargo in the hold.

ARRIMER, to stow the hold, to trim the ship by her stowage. Whence

ARRIMEUR, a stower.

ARRISER, or Amener. See Amener.

ARRIVAGE, an arrival of merchandise in a port or haven.

ARRIVE, the order to put the helm a-weather, bear away, or edge farther to leeward.

Arrive tout, hard a-weather. The order to put the helm close to windward.

N’Arrive pas, don’t fall off; loft.

ARRIVÉE, the movement of veering or bearing away.

ARRIVER, to bear away before the wind. Hence

Arriver sur un vaisseau, to bear down on a ship.

Arriver beaucoup, to veer apace.

ARTILLÉ, or Artillié, mounted with cannon: as, vaisseau ARTILLIÉ de trents pieces, a ship mounting thirty guns.

ARTIMON, the mizen-mast, also the mizen itself.

ASPECT, the looming or perspective view of the land from the sea.

ASSECHER, etre à sec, to appear dry, as a rock or shore when the tide of ebb has retreated from it.

ASSEMBLER, to unite the several pieces of a ship, as by rabbiting, scarfing, scoring, tenanting, &c.

ASSUJETTIR, to fix a piece of timber firmly in its place, in shipbuilding.

ASSURANCE, a contract or policy of insurance.

Pavillon d’Assurance, a flag or signal of peace.

ASSURER, to insure a vessel against the dangers of the sea, &c.

ASTROLABE, a nocturnal.

A TRAIT & à rame, to go with sails and oars.

ATTEINDRE, to join a ship at sea, either by accident or pursuit.

ATTELIER de Construction, a shed or store-house to contain shipwrights tools; a loft or work-house near the dock; a wharf, or place for building sea-vessels.

ATTÉRAGE, a land-fall. Whence

ATTERIR, to make the land.

ATTERRISSEMENT, a mound or bank of earth thrown up near the margin of a river, by violent freshes or storms.

ATTOLONS, a cluster of keys or small islands, a chain of rocks.

ATTRAPE, the pendant or guy of the relieving tackle used in careening a ship. See Corde de retenue.

AVAL. See Avau l’eau.

AVANT, forward, afore, ahead.

Etre de l’Avant, se mettre de l’Avant, to be in the van of, or ahead in, a fleet.

Le vaisseau est trop sur l’Avant, the vessel is too much by the head.

AVANTAGE, the head, with its cutwater or prow. See Eperon.

Avantage du vent, to be to windward of some other ship.

Avant-garde, the van of a fleet of vessels of war.

AVARIE, the damage or loss which a ship may have sustained, by accidents or bad weather, in her voyage; also the duty paid for anchoring in a port.

AVASTE, avast.

AVAU l’eau, to sail with the tide, to tide it up or down a river.

AUBALÉTRIERES, a sort of stanchions or pillars erected on the sides of a row-galley, to support the rails of the gang-way, and form the bed-place of a soldier.

AUBIER, the sap of timber.

AUBINET, or Saint Aubinet, no man’s land.

AUGE à goudron, a tar-bucket.

AVIRON, an oar. See Rame.

AVITAILLEMENT, or Avictuaillement, the sea-victualling or provision of a ship.

AVITAILLEUR, or Avictuailleur, an agent-victualler, or contractor for supplying a ship with sea-provisions.

AU LOF, luff. The order from the pilot to steer nearer the wind. See Olofée.

AUMONIER, the sea-chaplain.

AVOCAT Fiscal. See Fiscal.

AVOIER, to rise, to freshen; expressed of the wind when it has changed.

AVOIR gagné, to have fore-reached, or gained upon; spoken of a vessel, relatively to some other in sight.

Avoir le pied marin, to have good sea-shoes aboard, to walk firm in a ship like a sailor.

Avoir pratique, to have pratic, or free intercourse with the natives, after having performed quarantine.

Avoir vent arriere, to have the wind aft.

Avoir vent de bout, to have the wind right an end, or a head. See Aller de bout, &c.

AU plus pres de vent, close upon a wind. See Aller au plus pres, &c.

AUSSIERE, or Hausiere, a hawser or small cable.

AUTAN, a gust or squall of wind from the south.

AUTARELLES, the thoules or rowlock-pins of a galley.

AVUSTE, or Ajuste, a bend, or knot, by which the ends of two ropes are fastened together.

AVUSTER, to bend or tie two ends of ropes together.

B.

BABORD. See Bas-bord.

BAC, a large flat-bottomed ferry-boat, for horses, carriages, &c.

Bac a naviger, a punt, or small boat, used by the shipwrights to carry tar, pitch, &c.

BACALAS, cleats of various kinds.

BACALIAU, a name given to dried salt cod-fish.

BACASSAS, a sort of lighter, somewhat resembling an American periagua.

BACHE, or Bachot, a yawl or wherry.

BACLAGE, a tier of boats, moored along-side of each other.

BACLER les ports, to fortify harbours by fixing chains or booms athwart their entrances; also to bar in the gun ports of a ship.

BAGUE, a small grommet, or wreath of an eye-let hole in a sail.

BAIE. See Baye.

BAILLE, an half-tub used to contain shot, grenades, matches, &c. also to hold water for cooling the guns in time of action, or to freshen the salt provisions.

BAJOU, or Bajon, a sort of tiller.

BAISSER, to fall down with the tide, to drive or be carried along, according to the course of the stream.

Baisser le pavillon. See Amener.

Baisser les voiles, to lower the sails.

BALAI du ciel, the sweeper of the sky; a name given by sailors to the north-west winds of America, which always bring clear weather.

BALANCIER de lampe, the rings by which the lamp is slung in the binacle.

BALANCIERS de compas, or de boussole, the gimbals of a sea-compass, by which it is hung in equilibrio.

BALANCINES, or Valancines, lifts of the yards.

Balancine de chaloupe, the topping-lift of a boat.

BALANT, the bight or slack part of a rope, also the part which is unemployed.

BALAST. See Lest.

BALAYEUR d’un navire, the swabber or sweeper of a ship, usually called captain-swabber.

BALCONS, the galleries framed in the stern or quarter of a great ship.

BALISE, a sea-mark, the beacon or buoy of a shoal or dangerous channel.

BALOIRES, a name sometimes given to water-lines, and to horizontal ribbands. See Ligne d’eau.

BALON, a sort of galley or barge of Siam.

BANC, a sand-bank; also the bench, thwart, or beam of a boat.

Banc à s’asseoir, the seats or benches placed in the stern-sheets of a boat or small vessel.

Banc à coucher, a sort of folding bed-stead, or settee-bed.

Bancs de rameurs, the thwarts or seats of the rowers in a galley or row-boat.

BANCHE, a ridge or reef of rocks, under the surface of the water.

BANDE, the side of a ship; also a coast, or the side of a river. Hence

Bande du nord, the northern shore, &c.

Avoir son vaisseau à la Bande, to have his ship laid on the careen.

Bande de sabords, a tier of gun-ports on one side of a ship.

BANDER une voile, to line a sail at the edges in order to strengthen it.

BANDIERES, the flag or colours: this term is peculiar to the gallies.

BANDINS, a sort of stancheons or small pillars, ornamented with sculpture, and used to support the after-canopy or awning of a row-galley.

BANDOULIERE, a cartridge-box for musquetry, used by the marines or others who fight with small arms.

BANNEAU. See Bouée.

BANNIERE, a Levantine term for the colours. See Bandiere.

BANQUE, a banker, or vessel which fishes on the banks of Newfoundland, &c.

BANQUETTES, the stretchers of a galley or row-boat.

BAPTEME, the ceremony of ducking a sailor the first time he passes the line, or tropics, from which he may be redeemed by paying a certain forfeit. Hence

BAPTISER, to duck, &c.

Baptiser un vaisseau, to give a ship her name at the time of launching.

BARAT, or Baraterie, the forfeiture or fine paid by the master of a ship and his crew, for embezzling part of the cargo, or suffering it to be damaged by neglect of stowage, &c.

BARBE. See Sainte-Barbe.

BARBES d’un vaisseau, the entrance or fore-foot of a ship.

BARBEYER, to touch or shiver; expressed of a sail when shaking in the wind.

BARCES, a short cannon, resembling a falconet, formerly used at sea.

BARCO-LONGO, a Spanish coasting-boat.

BARDIS, water-boards or weather-boards.

Bardis also implies the partitions occasionally formed in the hold to separate different species of grain, when the ship is laden therewith, &c.

BARGE, an old word for skiff or yawl.

BARIL, Barillage, Barique, small casks of different sizes.

Baril de poudre, a powder cask, containing an hundred pounds of gun-powder.

Barillard, the steward, or officer who has charge of the wine and water on board of a vessel. This term is peculiar to the galleys.

BARIQUES a feu, or foudroyantes, thundering-barrels, or casks which contain the fire-pots in a fire ship.

BARQUE, a settee, or three-masted vessel with lateen sails.

Barque à eau, a watering-boat, or vessel employed for carrying water.

Barque d’avis, an advice-boat.

Barque de descente, a sort of lighter.

Barque de vivandier, a provision-boat, a bumboat.

Barque droite, the order to trim the boat upright, when she heels.

Barque en fagot, a boat in frame, an assemblage of all the pieces of a boat, ready formed and put on board a ship, in order to build her at the place where she may be required.

Barque longue, or double chaloupe, a sort of pinnace, or large long-boat.

BARQUEROLES, Barquette, or Barcanette, a sort of passage boats.

BARRE, the bar of a harbour; also a chain of rocks.

Barre à bord, hard over; the order to put the helm close to the ship’s side.

Barre d’arcasse, a transom. See Lisse de hourdi.

Barre de gouvernail, the tiller of the helm.

Barre de gouvernail toute à bord, the whole force of the helm when the tiller is hard a-starboard, or hard a-port.

Change la Barre, the order to the steersman to shift the helm.

Pousse la Barre à arriver, no nearer, put the helm a-weather.

Pousse la Barre à venir au vent, luff, or keep your luff.

Barre de pompe, the pump-spear.

Barre de pont, the deck-transom, parallel to the wing-transom.

BARRER, to secure; as, Barrer un port, to secure or defend a harbour, by fixing a boom across the mouth of it.

BARRES, the booms or chains fixed across a harbour, to secure it from the assaults of an enemy.

Barres de cabestan, the bars of the crab or capstern.

Barres de contre-arcasse, or sous-barres d’arcasse, the lower transoms.

Barres d’écoutille, the hatch-bars.

Barres de hune, barreaux, or tesseaux, the frames of the cross-trees and tressel-trees.

Barres de panneaux d’écoutille, the carlings, or ledges placed athwart under the hatchways.

Barres de porte, the gun-port bars, by which their covers are fastened in.

Barres de virevaut, the hand-spikes, or bars of the windlass.

BARRILLARD. See Barillard.

BARROTE, full to the beams; an epithet given to a vessel which is laden up to the beams of her deck. Whence

BARROTER, to lade a ship, &c.

BARROTS, the beams of the higher decks.

BARROTINS, ledges, or small spars, placed between the beams.

Barrotins de caillebotis, ledges of the gratings.

Barrotins d’écoutilles, the spurs of the beams, or the pieces which are joined to the beams to fortify the deck a-breast of the hatchways.

BAS de soie, iron-garters; a cant term applied to bilboes or fetters.

Bas du vaisseau, the lower parts of a ship.

Bas le pavillon, haul down the colours.

BASBORD, the larboard or left side of a ship.

Vaisseau de Basbord, a low-built vessel, whose deck extends not to her whole length.

Basbord tout, hard a-port; the order to put the helm close to the larboard side.

BASBORDES or Basborduis, the larboard-watch.

BASE des sabords, the plank between the lower edges of the gun-ports and the wale.

BAS-FOND, a shoal or shallow.

BASSE, or Bature, a ridge of rocks, sand-banks, &c. with breakers.

Basse eau, low-water, the last of the ebb.

BASSES voiles, the courses, or principal lower sails, of a ship.

BASSIN, a basin or bason; also a small harbour within a larger one.

BASTARD de racage, the parrel-rope.

BASTARDE, the largest sail of a galley, which is only carried in fair weather and light winds.

BASTARDES, or Batardelles, square-sterned row-gallies.

BASTINGUAGE, painted quarter-cloths, or waist-cloths; also the quarter-nettings, &c.

BASTUDE, a peculiar sort of fishing-net.

BATAILLE navale, a general or particular sea fight.

BATARDEAU, a sort of dam.

BATAYOLLES, the quarter-stanchions, or the stanchions which support the rails of the waist and quarter.

BATAYOLETTES, small stanchions, used to sustain the awnings.

BATEAU, a general name for several kinds of boats; as

Bateau délesteur, a ballast-boat, or lighter.

Bateau pêcheur, a fishing-boat, &c.

BATELÉE, the lading, or number of passengers, to be carried in a boat.

BATELIERS, the boat-men, the wherry-men.

BATIMENT, a vessel or small ship of any kind.

BATON astronomique, Jacob’s staff; an instrument formerly used for taking altitudes at sea.

Baton à meche, a lint-stock. See Boute-feu.

Baton de flamme, the stick which spreads the inner part of a pendant.

Baton de giroüette, the spindle upon which the vane turns, at the mast-head.

Baton de justice, a cobbing-board.

Baton de pavillon, or d’enseigne, the flag-staff, or ensign-staff.

Baton de vadel, or de guispon, the handle of a long tar-brush, or pitch-mop.

BATONNÉE d’eau, the quantity of water thrown out by the pump at each stroke of the brake or handle.

BATTANT de pavillon, the fluttering or waving of an ensign, as it flies in the wind.

BATTERIE, the whole range of cannon placed on both sides of any one deck in a vessel of war,

Batterie & demie, a deck and a half of cannon; spoken of a frigate which carries cannon on her upper-deck and quarter-deck only.

Mettez la Batterie de hors, run the guns out.

Mettez la Batterie dedans, run in the guns.

BATTRE aux champs, to found a march or chase at sea.

Battre à Diane, to beat a reveille on the drum, as at day-break.

Battre la marche, to give the signal for sailing.

BATTU, weather-beaten, shattered by a storm, or disabled in battle.

BATTURE. See Basse.

BAU, abeam of the lower-decks.

Bau de dale, the hindermost or aftmost beam.

Bau de lof, the foremost beam in a ship.

Bau-maître, or Maître-Bau, the midship-beam, or the beam which is placed at the extreme breadth.

BAUX-faux, or Faux-Baux, beams of the orlop.

BAUDET, a sawyer’s frame, horse, or tresle.

BAUQUIERES, the clamps, or inner planks, by which the beams of a ship rest upon her sides.

BAYE, a bay, or bight.

BAYES, or Baies, d’un vaisseaux, the holes in the deck through which the masts are let down, called also the partners.

BEAUPRÉ, the bowsprit. Whence

Petit Beaupré, the jib-boom, or sprit-sail top-mast.

Beaupré sur pouppe, close behind; spoken of one ship which is so near to the stern of another, in chase or otherwise, that the bowsprit of the former hangs over the stern of the latter.

BEC de corbin, a caulker’s sharp iron, or instrument, with which he cuts the old oakum out of a seam.

BÉLANDRE, a small vessel, carrying about eighty tons, and usually navigated by three or four men. This is nowise like the English bilander.

BELLE, the main-deck, or waist. See Embelle.

BERCEAUX. See Bigot.

BERCHE. See Barces.

BERGE, a bold shore; also an artificial mound, or rampire, on the banks of a river, to prevent it from overflowing.

BERNE, a waft of the ensign.

Mettre le pavillon en Berne, to hoist the ensign with a waft.

BESSON, the arching or convexity of the beams and decks. See Tonture.

BESTION, the head, or ornamental figure, on the prow of a ship.

BIDON, or Canette, a cann.

BIGOTS, the ribs of a parrel. See Racage.

BIGUES, certain props, or shoars, let into the ports of a ship, to bear her up when she rests upon the ground; also the masts of a sheer-hulk.

BILLE, the beckets of the tacks and sheets.

BILLER, to fasten a rope to a boom, in order to ride or tow a boat.

BILLOTS, dead-wood, or short pieces of timber laid upon the keel, between the crotches, afore and abaft. See Contre-quille.

BISCUIT, biscuit, sea-bread.

BISE, vent de nord-nord-est, the north-north-east wind.

BISTORD, spun-yarn.

Bistord de trois fils, three-yarn spun-yarn.

BITTES, the bits. Whence

BITTER le cable, to bit the cable.

BITTON, a post fixed on a wharf, or pier, whereon to fasten a cable.

BITTONS, or Taquets, the top sail-sheet bits.

BITTURE, a range of the cable drawn upon the deck, ready for bitting.

BLEU, a temporary or acting officer, who performs the duty of another while sick or absent.

BLIN, a machine used to drive the wedges under a ship’s bottom, when she is to be launched.

BLOCQUER, or Bloquer. See Plocquer.

BOIS, wood or timber.

BOITE du gouvernail, the rudder-case, or the box placed above the rudder-head, upon deck, through which the tiller passes.

BOMBARDE, a bomb-vessel, a ketch.

BOMBÉ, incurvated; an epithet given by shipwrights to crooked timber, fit for knees, crotches, or standards.

BOMERIE, bottomry.

BON-FRAIS, a fresh of wind, or fresh gale.

BONNACE, calm weather, with a smooth sea.

BONNE de nage, swift of rowing, a fine rower.

Bonne-voglie, a volunteer-rower in the gallies.

BONNEAU, a buoy. See Bouée and Orin.

BONNETTE, the bonnet of a sail.

Bonnette lardée. a bag or basket charged with cinders, ashes, and chopped oakum, to be used in the act of Fothering, which see.

Lasser la Bonnette, to fasten the bonnet of a sail to its principal part.

BONNETTES, en étui, a general name for all studding-sails.

BON-TOUR, a favourable swing or turn; expressed of a ship when she keeps her hawse clear by winding the right way.

BORD, board, or aboard.

Renverser, tourner, changer le Bord, to veer or tack.

Rendre le Bord, to anchor, to come to an anchor.

Bord à bord, along-side; spoken of two ships lying near to each other.

Bord allongé, or qui allonge, a-long board; understood of a vessel plying to windward.

Bord à terre, Bord au large, standing in, or off, shore.

Bord de la mer, the sea-coast or shore.

Bord sur bord, tack for tack, hank for hank.

Faire un Bord, to make a tack.

Bon Bord, a good board.

Courir même Bord que l’ennemi, to stand on the same tack with the enemy.

BORDAGE, the planks of a ship’s side. Hence

Franc Bordage, the outside planks.

BORDAGES de fond, the planks of the bottom or floor.

Bordages pour recouvrir les ponts, the planks of the decks.

BORDAYER, to advance to windward by boards, or by tacking.

BORDE au vent, & Borde sous le vent, haul aft the sheets.

BORDÉE, a board or tack; also a watch of part of the crew.

Faire la grande Bordée, to set a watch of half the ship’s crew, when in any dangerous road, usually called the sea-watch.

Faire la petite Bordée, to set the quarter-watch.

Bordée de canon, all the guns on one side of a ship, usually called a broadside.

Envoyer une Bordée, donner la Bordée, to fire the broadside into an enemy.

BORDER, to plank a ship, or lay on her outside planks; also to stand towards, examine, or observe the motions of an enemy at sea.

Border & brasser au vent, to trim the sails by the wind.

Border à quein, to plank a ship with clench-work, or plank over plank.

Border en louvelle, to lay on the planks level, or with their surfaces even.

Border l’artimon, to haul the mizen-sheet flat aft, or close aft.

Border les avirons, to ship the oars ready for rowing.

Border les écoutes arrieres, to haul aft both sheets of a sail, for going afore the wind.

Border les écoutes tout plat, to tally the sheets flat aft.

Border un vaisseau, to board or enter a ship, either in a hostile or friendly manner.

Border une voile, to trim a sail by the tacks and sheets.

BORDIER, lap-sided; expressed of a ship stronger on one side than the other.

BORÉAL, vent Boreal, the northern wind.

BORNAGER, a method of shoving a great boat off from the shore, in a river, by fixing one end of the setting-pole against her side, whilst the other bears upon the ground.

BOSPHORE, a streight, or narrow channel; as the Thracian Bosphorus.

BOSSAGE, a name given by shipwrights to crooked timber, fit for knees, &c.

BOSSE, a powder-flask, used by privateers, in naval engagements.

Serre-Bosse, the shank-painter.

BOSSEMAN, second contre maître, the boatswain’s mate.

BOSSER l’ancre, to cat the anchor; also to stow the anchor. See Caponner.

Bosser le cable, to stopper the cable. From

BOSSES à aiguilettes, or à rubans, stoppers of the cable.

Bosses, stoppers of the shrouds or stays.

Bosses de chaloupe, or de canot, the boat’s painter or mooring-rope.

Bosse du bossoir, or de lout, the anchor-stoppers at the cat-head.

BOSSOIRS, the cat heads of a ship.

BOT, a boat, of several kinds. Whence

Paque-Bot, pacquet-boat, the packet, or packet-boat.

BOUCHE, the mouth of a river. Bouchaut is also sometimes used in this sense.

Bouche de canon, the bore or calibre of a piece of ordnance.

BOUCHIN, the extreme breadth of a ship, from outside to outside.

BOUCHON d’etoupe, de foin, ou de paille, the wad of a cannon, formed of oakum, hay, &c.

BOUCHOTS, a penn, or place enclosed by hurdles, for fishing on the sea-coast.

BOUCLE, shackles or bilboes.

Mettre un matelot sous Boucle, to confine a sailor, or put him in irons.

Un port Bouclé, a harbour which is land-locked.

BOUDINURE de l’arganeau, the puddening of the anchor. See Embodinure.

BOUÉE, a buoy.

Bouée de bout de mât, a wooden buoy, formed of an end of a mast.

Bouée de barril, a cann-buoy, or nun-buoy.

BOUGE, incurvated; spoken of a piece of timber; also of the rounding or convexity of the decks and beams. See Tonture.

BOUILLAR, a squall, a cloud charged with wind and rain.

BOUILLONEMENT, the rippling of a river, as it is discharged into the ocean.

BOULETS, balls or bullets of a cannon. Whence

Boulets rouge, red-hot bullets. Boulets à chaîne, chain-shot. Boulets à branches, or à deux têtes, bar or double-headed shot.

BOULIER, a sort of fishing-net.

BOULINE, the bowline. Bouline de la grand voile, the main bowline.

Bouline de revers, the lee bowline.

Faire courir la Bouline, to run the gauntlope.

BOULINER. See Aller à la bouline.

BOULINGUE, the royal-sail.

BOULINIER, a ship that sails close-hauled. Hence bon Boulinier signifies a ship that plies well to windward.

BOULON, an iron bolt. See Cheville.

Boulons d’afut, the bolts of the gun-carriages.

BOUQUE, an entrance or channel between islands or in narrow seas.

BOUQUETS, the fore-thwarts or fore-sheets of a boat.

BOURCER un voile, to carry a sail clewed up, or hauled up in the brails. See Carguer.

BOURCET, a name given to the fore-sail and fore-mast of small vessels in the English Channel.

BOURGEOIS, the proprietor or owner of a ship.

Bourgeois is also the person who bargains with a shipwright to build a ship, called the contractor or ship’s husband.

BOURGUIGNON, an island of ice.

BOURRASQUE, a violent squall of wind.

BOURRE, the wadding of a charge in artillery.

BOURRELET, or Bourlet, the puddenings of the yards.

Bourrelet de canon, the muzzle-ring of a piece of cannon.

BOURSE, or Bource, the exchange, or place of resort for merchants, mariners, &c. in a commercial sea-port.

BOUSSOLE, Compas de route, or Cadran de mer, the sea compass.

Boussole affolée, an erroneous or defective compass. See Affolée.

Boussole de cadran, an horizontal dial, with a magnetical needle.

BOUT de beaupré, a boom used for a bowsprit in small vessels.

Bout de corde, a rope’s end, a short piece of rope.

Bouts de cable, pieces of junk, or old cable.

Bouts de corde, a cat of nine tails, scourge, or rope’s end for punishment.

Bout de vergue, the yard-arm, but more particularly that part of it which reaches beyond the upper corners of its respective sail, to extend the reef.

BOUTE-DEHORS, the studding-sail booms: this name is also given to a small mast erected in the tops, to hoist up and fix the caps on the mast-heads.

Boute-dehors is likewise a boom to push off some ship which is near, or which approaches for any hostile purpose, as to board, &c.

Boute de lof, or Boute-lof, the bumkin, or boom of the fore tack.

Boute-feu, a lint-stock; also the name of an officer who is appointed to fire the cannon.

Boute-lof. See Boute de lof.

Boute le cable au cabestan & vire l’ancre, bring the cable to the capstern, or bring-to the cable, and heave to the anchor.

BOUTEILLES, the quarter-badges of a ship. See Balcon.

Bouteilles de callebasse, bundles of buoyant rushes, used in the exercise of learning to swim.

BOUTER, to bear off, to push, to join, &c.

Bouter à l’eau, to launch into the water, to put to sea.

Bouter au large, to stand out into the offing.

Bouter de lof, to haul the wind, to trim sharp.

BOUTES, large casks, which hold fresh water for the use of a sea-voyage.

BOUTEUX, or Bout de quevre, a sort of fishing rod.

BOUTONNER la bonette, to lash on the bonnets. See Bonnette.

BOUVET, a sort of plane used by shipwrights to form a small groove.

BOYE, See Bouée or Balise.

BOYER, a kind of Dutch sloop.

BRAGUE, the breeching of a cannon used at sea.

BRAI, pitch. Hence braier un vaisseau, to pay the seams of a ship with hot melted pitch, after they are caulked with oakum. It is sometimes mixed with other compositions, to nourish the timber, and is then called Brai gras.

BRANCHE de ciprès, beaconage; a small duty paid by shipping in France, for keeping the beacons in repair.

Branche superieure d’une courbe, the upper part of a knee.

Branche d’embas, the lower arm of a knee or standard.

BRANLE, a hammock.

Tendre les Branles, to sling the hammocks.

Branle bas, or fort Branle, the order to lash and take down all the hammocks between decks, in order to prepare for engagement, or otherwise to clear the ship.

BRAS, the brace of a yard.

Tenir un Bras, to haul in and fasten the brace.

Bon Bras, braced to a large wind, braced in.

Bras de revers, the lee brace.

Bras, or Branches d’ancre, the anchor-arms.

BRASSE, a fathom, or measure of six feet.

BRASSEIAGE, the quarters of a yard.

Brasser à faire porter, or à faire servir to fill the sails after they have been braced a back.

Brasser au vent, to brace the sails in, to haul in the weather braces.

Brasser les voiles sur le mât, to brace the sails a-back, or lay the sails to the mast. This is also called Brasser à contre. See Coeffer.

Brasser sous le vent, to brace to leeward, to brace up.

BRAYES, the tarred canvas coats of the mast.

BREDINDIN, a small stay-tackle, or burton, affixed to the main-stay.

BREF, a sort of warrant or commission from the state, allowing a ship to purchase provisions, conducting her safe on the coast, and exempting her from other duties.

BREGIN, a sort of fishing-net, with very small meshes, used in the Mediterranean.

BREQUIN, or Ville-Brequin, a shipwright’s wimble to bore wood.

BRESSIN, the jears or haliards of a yard or sail; also a tackle-hook. See Palan.

BREVET, Connoissement, Police de chargement, a bill of lading.

Brevet d’officier, the commission or warrant of an officer.

BREUILLER. See Carguer.

BREUILS. See Cargues, Martinets, and Garcettes.

BRIDER l´ancre, to bridle the anchor^[59].

BRIEUX, a term used in Brittany to express the salutation of striking the flag, or topsails, to an admiral, &c. Also a duty paid for entering a harbour.

BRIGANTIN, a small light vessel, navigated by oars and sails; but differing extremely from the vessel known in England by the name of brig or brigantine.

BRIMBALE, the brake or handle of a ship’s pump.

BRION, the fore-foot, placed at the extremity of the keel forward.

BRIS, a duty formerly paid to the lord of the coast, by those who suffered shipwreck thereon. This unjust exaction is now totally abolished. See Debris.

BRISANT, or Brisans, a shelf or ridge of rocks nearly level with the surface of the water, and distinguished by the breakers, or waves that burst over it; also the breakers themselves.

BRISE, a fresh gale or breeze; the trade-winds, or sea-breezes between the tropics.

Brise carabinée, a violent wind or squall.

BRISER, to split, or dash forcibly against a rock or shelf; expressed of a ship when she is stranded.

BRISES, the land-winds which blow during the night in the West Indies, &c.

BROCHETER, to give the scantlings of the several members or pieces of a ship’s frame.

BROU, the bark of the cocoa, of which the Indians form the cordage used in their shipping,

BRUINE, small drizzling rain.

BRULOT, a fire ship.

BRUME, a mist or fog at sea.

Tems Embrumé, or couvert de brouillard, thick misty weather.

BUCENTAURE, a sort of galley used by the state of Venice, when the doge performs the annual ceremony of espousing the sea.

BUCHE, a herring-buss, or small fly-boat used in the herring-fishery.

BULLETIN, a certificate given to sea-officers and sailors, when they are registered in a port, to testify their qualities, age, privileges, and time of service.

BURINS. See Tappes.

BUTIN, the pillage or plunder of a prize taken from an enemy.

C.

CABANE, a flat-bottomed passage-boat, with a deck, navigated on the river Loire.

CABANES, the cabins or apartments wherein the officers and sailors sleep or mess aboard a ship. See Teugue.

CABESTAN, the capstern or crab of a ship.

Virer au Cabestan, to heave the capstern round with bars.

CABILLOT, a toggel; also a wooden pin for belaying ropes.

CABLE, the cable; also a measure of 120 fathoms, called by the English seamen a cable’s length.

Cable à pic, the situation of the cable when the ship is close a-peek on her anchor.

Cable de touei, a stream-cable, or large hauser.

Cable tourné, or qui à un tour, or demi-tour, a foul hause, a cross or elbow in the hause.

Bitter le Cable, to bit the cable, or clap it on the bits. See Bitter.

Couper, or tailler le Cable, to cut the cable in the hause.

Donner le Cable à un vaisseau, to give a cable’s end to another ship; to take a ship in tow at sea.

Filer du Cable, to slack out or veer away the cable. See Filer.

Laisser trainer un Cable sur le sillage du vaisseau, to drag a cable in the ship’s wake in order to prevent her sailing swiftly, when she is chased by a vessel of inferior force, which is decoyed by this stratagem within reach of her cannon.

Lover un Cable, to coil a cable.

CABLEAU, the painter, or mooring-rope of a boat.

CABLER, to make large ropes or cables.

CABOTAGE, the art of a coasting-pilot; as the knowledge of the shore, the tides, ports, rivers, capes, soundings, &c. on any particular coast.

CABOTER, to coast, or sail along the shore between cape and cape.

CABOTIERE, a large flat-bottomed lighter, with a long rudder.

CABRE, sheers, a machine resembling the sheers of a ship, used to heave up pieces of timber on the wharf of a river.

CABRIONS, certain wedges fixed under the train of a gun-carriage, to secure the cannon when the sea is very high.

CADENE, a chain by which a galley-slave is confined to his oar.

CADENES de hauban, the chains of the shrouds, the chain-plates.

CADRE, a bed frame, resembling the frame of a cott, wherein the sea-officers sleep: these are usually bottomed with small cords by the French, and slung by the corners without a cott.

CAGE. See Hune.

CAGOUILLE, a sort of volute or ornament on the extremity of the prow of polacres, xebecs, tartans, &c.

CAIC, the yawl or skiff of a galley; also a small Polish vessel, navigated in the Black Sea.

CAIES, a ridge of rocks, or sand-banks; called in the West indies, keys.

CAILLEBOTIS, the gratings of the hatches.

CAJOLER, to ply to windward with the tide, to work by short tacks.

CAISSE de poulie. See Arcasse and Mouffle.

CAJUTES, the cabins which are ranged along the inside of a ship, to sleep in.

CALANGE, or Cale, a small harbour behind a hill, or rising ground, on the sea-coast.

CALCETS, the cheeks or hounds of the mast, which support the brazen blocks in a galley.

CALE, the hold of a ship; also a sloping or shelving on the sea-coast; likewise the lead of a fishing-line used to sink the bait.

Donner la Cale, to duck or plunge an offender from the yard-arm into the sea, by way of punishment.

Donner la grand Cale, to keel-haul; a punishment peculiar to the Dutch.

CALE-BAS, a down-haul, or down-haul tackle.

CALE-HAUBAN, a breast back-stay for the top-mast or top-gallant-mast.

CALER, to sink down in the water; also to founder at sea.

Caler les voiles. See Amener.

Caler also signifies to quoin or wedge up any thing.

CALE-TOUT, let go amain, or at once.

CALFAS, or rather Calfat, caulking.

CALFAT, or Calfateur, a caulker.

Calfat also signifies a caulking-iron. Calfat double, a making-iron.

CALFATER, to caulk a ship or boat.

CALFATIN, a caulker’s boy, who spins or twists his oakum.

CALIBRE, the bore of a cannon or other fire-arm, or the diameter of a cannon-ball.

Calibre de vaisseau, the model of a ship.

CALIORNE, a winding-tackle; a tackle formed by a rope passing through two three-fold blocks.

CALME, calm, a cessation of wind.

Calme tout plat, a dead calm, or a flat calm. Whence

CALMER, to become calm.

CAMBRER, to bend the planks or boards of a ship to their proper curve, by stoves, &c.

CAMPAGNE sur mer, a voyage, a cruise at sea for a season, or limited space of time.

CANAL, a canal, streight, or channel.

Canal de l’étrave, the concavity in the top of the stem, wherein the bowsprit rests.

Canal, or Creux autour d’un poulie, the hole in a block between the shell and the sheave, through which the rope passes.

CANDELETTE, or Bosse de bossoir, the cat tackle and hook. See Capion.

CANEFAS, or Canevas, canvas or sail-cloth. See Toile.

CANON, a cannon or piece of ordnance.

Canon à la serre, a gun housed athwart, with the top of its muzzle bearing against the upper edge of the port.

Canon alongé contre le bord, a gun housed lengthways, close to the ship’s side, abreast of its own port.

Canon aux sabords, a gun levelled to the point-blank range.

Canon de coursier, the bow-chase of a row-galley.

Canon demare, a cannon drawn in to be charged.

Canon détape, a cannon with its tompion taken out.

Canon moindre, a cannon whose calibre is not proportioned to the thickness of the metal.

Canon renforcé, a cannon whose breech is reinforced, i. e. thicker than the calibre, which is the usual dimension.

CANONNER, to cannonade, to fire a broadside.

CANONNIER de vaisseau, the gunner of a ship.

Second maître Canonnier, the gunner’s mate.

CANONNIERS, the quarter-gunners or artillery-men of a ship.

CANOT, a ship’s boat, cutter, or yawl.

Canot de bois, a canoe.

Canot jaloux, a crank boat.

CANOTS, Indian canoes of various kinds.

CANTANETTES, the light-ports in the stern of a galley.

CANTIBAI, a name given by shipwrights to timber which is full of cracks, &c.

CANTIMORON. See Catimoron.

CAP, the head or prow of a ship.

Porter le Cap sur l’ennemi, to bear towards the enemy.

Ou as-tu le Cap? how is the head? how does the ship wind?

Cap, a cape, head-land, or promontory.

Doubler le Cap, to double, or sail round, a cape.

Cap de more. See Chouquet.

Cap de mouton, the dead-eye of a shroud or stay.

Cap de mouton à croc, an iron-bound dead-eye, with a hook.

Cap de mouton de martinet, the dead-eye of a crow-foot. See Trelingage.

CAPACITÉ d’un vaisseau, the burthen of a ship.

CAPE, or Grand Pacfi, the mainsail.

Etre à la Cape, to lie-by under the main-sail, or some other of the courses.

CAPÉER, Capier, or Capeyer, aller à la cape, mettre le vaisseau à la cape, to lie under the mainsail when all the other sails are furled.

CAPELER les haubans, to fix the shrouds on the mast-head.

CAPION, the stern-post of a galley. See Rode.

Capion de proue, the stem of a galley.

Capion à capion, from stem to stern.

CAPITAINE d’un vaisseau de guerre, the captain of a ship of war.

Capitaine d’armes, a captain of marines.

Capitaine de frégate legére, de brulot, de galiote, a master and commander.

Capitaine du hautbord, the captain of a ship of the line.

Capitaine de ports, the commandant of a detachment of marines, appointed to guard a dock-yard, and the shipping in the harbour.

Capitaine des matelots, an officer resembling our captain of the fore-castle.

Capitaine en second, the second captain, or first lieutenant, of a ship of war.

Capitaine garde-côte, a captain of the militia appointed to guard the coasts.

CAPITANE, or Capitainesse, a name formerly given to the principal galley of France.

CAPLANIER, a cod-fisher, a vessel appointed to fish and cure cod; also the men employed in this service.

CAPON, the cat-tackle.

CAPONNE, the order to cat the anchor.

CAPONNER l’ancre, to cat or draw up the anchor to the cat-head.

CAPOSER, to bring a ship to, with her helm a-lee.

Faire CAPOT, to cant, over-set, or turn topsy-turvy.

CAPRE, a vessel of war, or armed ship.

CAQUE de poudre, a powder-cask; also a herring-barrel, whence

CAQUEURS, sailors appointed to cure and barrel the herring.

CARACORE, an Indian vessel, peculiar to the island of Borneo.

CARAMOUSSAL, or Caramoussail, a merchant-ship of Turky, constructed with a very high stern.

CARAQUE, a name given by the Portuguese to ships employed in the Brazil and the East Indian trade.

CARAVELLE, a small square-sterned Portuguese vessel, navigated with lateen sails; and esteemed very expeditious, and therefore used in business that requires dispatch.

CARCASSE, the carcase or ribs of a ship before the planks are laid on, or after they are ripped off.

CARENAGE, a careening wharf.

CARENE, the outside of a ship’s bottom. This word is sometimes used for the keel.

Carene entier, to heave down a ship keel-out.

Demie Carene, a parliament-heel, or boot-topping.

CARENER, donner la carene à un vaisseau, to careen or heave down a ship with careening tackles to a wharf or pontoon.

CARGADOR, the person who procures a freight or voyage for a merchant-ship.

CARGAISON, the cargo, or articles of a ship’s lading.

CARGUE à veu, a slab-line.

CARGUER, to clue up a sail, or haul it up in the brails.

Carguer l’artimon, to brail up the mizen.

Carguer le point de la voile qui est sous le vent, to haul up the lee-clue-garnet, or goose-wing of a sail.

CARGUES, a general name for the brails of a sail, comprehending the clue-lines, bunt-lines, leech-lines, &c.

Cargues d’artimon, the brails of the mizen.

Mettre les basses voiles sur les Cargues, to haul up the courses, or haul the courses up in the brails.

Mettre les huniers sur les Cargues, to clue up the top-sails.

Cargues bouline, the leech-lines.

Cargues de fond, the bunt-lines.

Cargues de hune. See Retraite de hune.

Cargues dessous le vent, the lee-brails, &c.

Cargues du vent, the brails to windward, or weather-brails.

Cargues point, the clue-garnets, or clue-lines.

CARGUEUR, the top-block of a top-gallant-mast.

CARLINGUE, contre-quille, the kelson.

Carlingue de cabestan, the step of the capstern.

Carlingue de pied de mât, the step of the mast, with its block.

CARNAU, the lateen fore-sail of a settee or polacre.

CARREAU. See Lisse de platbord.

CARTAHU, girt-line, or gurt-line.

CARTE marine, a chart or map of the sea, representing its banks, rocks, shoals, bays, havens, &c.

Carte plate, or au point commun, the plain chart.

CARTON, a book containing a collection of charts in folio.

CARTOUCHE, a cartridge to contain a charge of powder for a cannon or other fire-arm.

CATARACTES, water-falls.

CATIMARON, a catamaran, or Indian raft.

CATURS, armed vessels of Bantam.

CAYES, keys, or chains of rocks, nearly even with the surface of the sea.

CEDRE, bois de Cedre, cedar-wood, which is excellent for ship-building.

CEINTES, a name formerly given to the wales. See Perceintes and Lisses.

CENTRE de pesanteur, the center of gravity.

CERCLE d’étambraie, or de cabestan, an iron hoop that lines the hole of the deck, within which the capstern turns upon its spindle.

CERCLES de boute-hors, the studding-sail boom-irons.

Cercles de hune, the top-rails, which formerly surrounded the tops, when circular.

Cercles de pompe, the iron hoops fixed on the top of the pump, to strengthen it.

CHABLEAU, a tow-line, a large warp.

CHABLEUR, a water-officer, who has the care of the wherries.

CHAINES de chaudiere, the chains of the copper, or kettle, which boils victuals in the cobose, for the ship’s crew.

Chaînes de port, the boom or chain of a harbour. See Barre.

Chaînes de vergues, the top-chains.

CHALAND, or Bac, a sort of lighter used on the Loire.

CHALINGUE, a light high-built Indian vessel, formed without nails.

CHANDELIER de fanal, the iron brace, or crank, with its stool, which supports the poop-lanthorn.

Chandelier de pierrier, the iron crutch of a swivel gun; also the wooden stock, hooped with iron, in whose socket it rests, and is turned.

CHANDELIERS de chaloupe, the crutches of a boat, which sustain the main-boom, or the mast and sail, when they are lowered, for the conveniency of rowing.

Chandeliers d’écbelle, the stancheons which support the entering ropes at the gangway.

Chandeliers de lisses, the iron crutches, or double stanchions, of the quarters, &c. fixed in a vessel of war, to extend the double nettings. See Filaret.

Chandeliers, de petite batiments, the crutches on the stern or quarter of a boom-sail vessel. See Chandeliers de chaloupe.

CHANGER, in a naval sense, generally implies to tack, shift, or relieve.

Changer de bord, to tack or veer. See Virer de bord.

Changer l’artimon, to shift over the mizen to the other side.

Changer le quart, to change or relieve the watch.

Changer les voiles, to shift the sails, to brace about, to jibe.

Changer les voiles d’avant, & les mettre sur le mât, to brace the head-sails to the wind, to lay the head-sails to the mast.

CHANTIER, the stocks upon which a ship is laid down to be built.

Chantier, or Attelier, also signifies a shipwright’s yard or wharf.

CHANVRE, hemp employed to make the sails and cordage of a ship.

CHAPE, the inner box of a sea-compass.

CHAPEAU de maître, a gratuity or due, required by the master of a ship for each ton of goods which his vessel carries.

CHAPELLE, the chapelling of a ship, or suffering her to be taken aback, so that she cannot recover her course till she has gone quite round. This seldom happens, unless when the vessel is close-hauled in light winds, and is usually occasioned by the negligence of the steersman.

Faire, or prendre Chapelle, to build a chapel at sea, or chapel a ship.

CHARGE, the cargo, burthen, or lading of a ship. This is also called chargement.

Etre Chargé â la côte, to be upon, or near a lee-shore.

CHARGEOIR, or lanterne à charger, a gunner’s ladle.

CHARGER, to load a ship, or take in her cargo.

Charger en grenier, to load a ship in bulk.

Charger la pompe, to fetch the pump.

CHARGEUR-MARCHAND, or Marchand-chargeur, the merchant who loads a ship, or freights her to convey a cargo to some distant place.

CHARNIER, a scuttled cask, to contain water for the ship’s crew to drink on the deck.

CHAROI. See Charroi.

CHARPENTIER de navire, a shipwright; also the carpenter of a ship.

CHARTE-PARTIE, a charter-party, or compact made between the owner of a ship and the merchant, or contractor, who hires her for a limited time; also a convention made by a company of merchants who trade together.

CHASSE, a chase at sea, or flight of one vessel from another who pursues her.

Prendre Chasse, to stand away from, to fly from.

Donner Chasse, or Chasser, to give chase, to pursue.

Soutenir Chasse, to make a running fight, to fight in retreat.

Chasse de proue, the head-chase, or bow-chase. See Piece de chasse.

CHASSER sur son ancre, to drag the anchor, to bring the anchor home.

CHAT, a cat; a ship so called.

CHATEAU, a general name for the fore-castle and quarter-deck of a deep-waisted vessel.

Chateau d’arriere, or de pouppe, the quarter-deck and poop.

Chateau d’avant, or de proue, the forecastle.

CHATTE, a small two-masted vessel, formed like a cat or Norwegian pink.

CHAUDERON de pompe, a plate of lead or copper, perforated with holes, to cover the bottom of a pump.

CHAUDIERE, the great copper, or kettle, in which the provisions for the sailors are boiled.

Chaudiere à brai, or à goudron, a pitch-kettle.

CHAUFFAGE, breaming-fuel, furze, or faggots, to burn the dirt from off a ship’s bottom at the time of breaming.

CHAUFFER, to bream a ship, or burn the filth from off her bottom.

Chauffer les soutes, to dry or season the bread-room, in order the better to preserve the biscuit during a sea-voyage.

Chauffer un bordage, to bend a plank, or make it pliant by heating it.

CHAVIRER, or Trevirer, to over-set, capsize, or turn any thing topsy turvy.

CHAUSSE, a present of money, or wine, given by the merchant to the master of a trading vessel, partly for himself, and partly to be distributed amongst the ship’s crew on a proper occasion.

CHEBEC, or Chabek, a xebeck.

CHEF, the stem or head of a boat.

Chef is also a junk, or end of a cable, used as an headfast to a ship, when she is ready to be launched, and which is to retain her after she floats, till her anchor is carried out, or let fall from the bow.

Chef d’eau, high-water. See Haute marée.

Chef d’escadre, a commodore.

CHEMIN, a range of skeeds laid by seamen, to roll full casks upon, either on shore or aboard.

Chemin du halage, a path on the side of a river, or canal, for horses to track boats and vessels along the stream.

CHEMISE à feu, or Soufrée, a tarpawling, or a piece of old canvas, dipped in a composition of oil, petrol, camphire, and other combustible materials, and nailed to the planks of an enemy’s ship, when it is intended to set her on fire.

CHENALER, to find out a channel by the help of buoys, or of sounding, where the water is shallow.

CHENETS, a sort of iron claws used to bend the planks of a ship by fire.

CHERSONESE, a peninsula.

CHEVALET, a roller for passing the cables from one place to another.

CHEVAUCHER, to ride, or be fayed upon; a term in ship-building.

CHEVET de traversin de bittes, the lining or doubling of the bitts, which is employed to prevent the cable from galling them when the ships ride with a great strain.

CHEVILLE, an iron bolt, of which there are several sorts used in the construction of a ship: as,

Cheville à boucle, a ring-bolt.

Cheville à boucles & à goupilles, a ring which is fastened with a forelock.

Cheville à croc, a hook-bolt for the gun ports.

Cheville à goupilles, a forelock-bolt, or bolt fitted to receive a forelock.

Cheville à grille & à boucles. See Goujon.

Cheville æilettes d’affut, the eye-bolts of the gun-carriages.

Cheville à tête de diamant, or à tête ronde, a round-headed bolt.

Cheville à tête perdue, a bolt whose head is sunk into the timber wherein it is driven.

Cheville d’offut, a gun-carriage bolt.

Cheville de fer à charger le canon, langrage-shot.

Cheville de pompe, the short pump-bolt, or bolt to connect the brake with the spear.

Cheville de potence de pompe, a long pump-bolt, or bolt which fastens the brake to the cheeks or ears of the pump.

CHEVILLER, to bolt a ship, or drive the bolts which fasten one part to another.

CHEVILLOTS, belaying-pins, fixed in the rails fore and aft.

CHEVRE, a gin, or triangle with pullies.

CHICAMBAUT, or Chicabaut, a bumkin. See Boute-lof.

CHICANER le vent, to ply or beat to windward. See Louvier.

CHIORME, or rather Chiourme, the troop or crew of slaves belonging to one row-galley, together with the volunteers who row at the oars.

CHIRURGIEN major, the surgeon of a ship.

CHOPINE, or Chopinette de pompe, the lower pump-box.

CHOQUER la tournevire, to surge the capstern; to lift up the rope passing round the body of the capstern, that it may not ride while the capstern turns.

CHOSES de la mer, or du flot, wreck, or whatever is found floating at sea, or within certain limits of the sea-coast.

CHOUQUET, a cap of the mast-head.

CHUTE de voiles, the depth of the sails.

CIEL embrumé, a cloudy, heavy, or dark sky.

Ciel fin, fine weather, a clear sky.

CINGLAGE, or Singlage, the run of a ship for twenty-four hours, or the course and distance she has made between noon and noon.

Cinglage also imports the pay or wages of mariners.

CINGLER, or Singler, to sail with a favourable wind on a particular course.

CINQUENELLE, or Cincenelle, a general name for the tackling of the great guns, by which they are fastened to the ship’s sides, &c.

CINTRAGE, or Ceintrage, a name given to any kind of lashing, or frapping, which surrounds the object it is intended to secure.

CINTRER, or Ceintrer un vaisseau quand il largue, to frap a ship.

CIVADIERE, the sprit-sail.

CLAIRON, a clear spot in a cloudy sky.

CLAMP, a sheave, or small wheel, placed in a mortise, as in the foot of a top mast, to pass a rope through.

CLAN, a mortise or hole cut in a plank, mast, &c. lengthwise, to admit a sheave.

Clan, or Clamp de beaupré. See Coussin.

Clan, a sort of breast-hook in a large lighter.

CLAPET de pompe, the clapper of a pump-box.

CLAPETS, leathern flaps nailed on the outside of the scuppers, instead of scupperhoses.

CLASSE, a division of pilots, gunners, seamen, &c. engaged to serve in any naval armament for a limited time, after which they are relieved by another division sent from the shore.

CLAVETTE, or Goupille, a forelock.

CLEF. See Chef.

Clef de beaupré, or Barrot de coltis, the collar-beam, which is raised a little above the second deck, to fortify the bowsprit.

Clef de pierrier, the forelock of a pedrero or swivel-gun.

Clef de pompe, a sort of wooden pump-bolt, to confine the brake within the cheeks or ears of the pump. See Cheville de potence.

Clef des étains, or contre-port, a triangular cheek of timber, formerly used to connect the fashion-pieces with the stern-post.

Clef de ton du mât, or Clef de mât de hune, the iron or wooden fid of a top-mast.

CLEFS des guindas, the cheeks of the windlas.

CLERC du guet, the clerk who assembles and musters the militia appointed to guard the sea-coast.

CLERCS de la secretaire, or du gresse de l’amirauté, the messengers of the admiralty.

CLINCAR, a sort of flat-bottomed clinker-built pram, or lighter, of Sweden and Denmark.

CLOCHE de plongeurs, a diving-bell.

CLOISSON, a range of stanchions to support the bulk-heads, or partitions, which separate one cabin from another.

CLOPOTEUSE, turbulent or agitated; an epithet given to the sea when it runs high.

CLOU, an iron spike, or nail, of any size.

CLOUS à river, a rivet, or riveting-nail to be clenched at both ends.

Clous des sabords, doubling-nails, to line the gun ports.

CO-BOURGEOIS, a co-partner in, or part-owner of, a ship.

COCHES d’assut de bord, the notches or steps of a sea-carriage.

COEFFÉ, aback. Un vaisseau Coeffé, a ship laid aback.

COEFFER, to back a sail, to lay aback, or to the mast.

COFFRE à feu, a powder-chest, fixed on the deck or side of a ship, to-be discharged upon a boarding enemy.

Coffre à gargousses, a cartridge-chest, which contains the filled cartridges in a ship’s magazine.

Coffre de bord, a sea-chest, a sailor’s chest.

COINS d’arrimage, the quoins or coins used in the stowage of a ship’s hold, &c.

Coins de chantier, the wedges driven between the blocks and the keel, when a ship is building.

Coins de mât, the wedges of a mast, by which it is confined in the partners, or in the cap.

COITES, the ways, or cradles, upon which a ship gradually descends, when she is launched into the water.

Coites de guindas, the cheeks or bits of the windlas. See Clef de guindas.

COLLET d’étai, the eye of a stay placed over a mast-head.

COLLIER d’étai, the collar or lower part of a stay.

Collier du ton, or du chouquet, the iron clamp of a French cap. As the caps of English vessels are formed wholly of wood, this clamp is not in use amongst our shipping.

COLLIERS de défense, the puddening of a boat’s stem.

COLOMBIERS, two shoars employed to launch a ship into the water.

COLONNE, a line of ships, a line of battle.

COLTIS, the breast or front of a ship’s fore-castle, comprehended between the two cat-heads athwart, and descending from the top of the fore-castle to the platform of the head.

COMBAT naval, a general or particular sea-fight.

COMBUGER les sutailles, to fill the water-casks of a ship with fresh water.

COMITE, an under-officer of a galley, who commands the slaves.

COMMANDANT, a commodore. See Chef d’escadre.

COMMANDE, holloa! the answer given by the sailors to the master, boatswain, or other officer, when he calls to them by the name of the place where they are; as, “Fore-castle, there! main-top, there! main-top, hoay!” &c.

COMMANDEMENT, the order or command to do any thing relative to the working of a ship.

COMMANDER à la route, to order or direct the course of a ship.

COMMANDES, knittles or seizings.

COMMANDEUR, the master or commander of a ship.

COMMIS, the supercargo of a merchant-vessel.

Commis des bureaux des douanes, the surveyors of the customs who visit shipping.

Commis du munitionnaire, or Commis à la distribution des vivres, a clerk or steward to the commissary or purser of a ship of war.

Commis général des convois & congés, an overseer or inspector of the customs with regard to shipping.

COMMISSAIRE de la marine imports in general a civil officer, or commissioner of the marine, of which there are several: as,

Commissaire général à la suite des armées navales, an officer who receives the orders and instructions of the intendant of a fleet of men of war, and performs his duty when he is absent. See Intendant des armées navales.

Commissaire général de la marine, the principal officer under the intendant de marine, in his department. It is his duty, 1. To execute the orders of the admiral, or commissioners of the admiralty, with regard to the number of ships which are ordered to be taken into the service of the state; to provide for their being equipped, manned, and victualled, for the expedition to which they are destined; to press the masters and mates who refuse to serve, and to break, or disband and return, those who will not do their duty. 2. To measure the ships which attend a fleet; to give them orders, either to sail with the fleet, or to join it according to the regulations which have been made; to keep account of those who have been discharged from duty, and send them back in due time to the appointed place. 3. To attend the affairs of the dock-yards and harbours, and controul the clerks, artificers, and ordinary-men; to administer the oath of allegiance to them; to review the shipping, and take an inventory of the prizes. 4. To take care that the oldest and best seasoned timber is first used; and that the bolts, nails, and other iron-works, have their due proportions, and conform to their dimensions. 5. To examine, once every fortnight, the muster-roll of the artificers, signed by the clerks. 6. To observe that the master-shipwrights do in nowise depart from the draught which has been established by the council of construction, of which he is always possessed of a copy. 7. To inspect whatever concerns the port, and to take care that the ordonnances relative thereto are faithfully executed; and to see that the ships are properly situated, and each one moored in the birth assigned.

It is also the office of the commissaire général to keep a list of the sea-officers and sailors, able and ordinary; and to minute the ships in which they have served, and upon what footing they have been paid. With respect to the youths, officers servants, and other boys, their names, privileges, and time of service, are enrolled in a particular list; and each of them is furnished with a certificate, representing these articles.

The commissaire général is not, however, always charged with these several employments himself. There are under his department, in different places, or according to the times, other commissaries, who share such services with him: as, Commissaire ordinaires de la marine; Commissaires ayant inspection sur les vivres d’un port, an agent victualler; Commissaire préposé pour l’enrôlement des matelots, clerk of the cheque; Commissaire pour les constructions des vaisseaux; and Commissaire des ports, master-attendant.

Commissaire général de la marine ambulant, an officer whose duty resembles that of the former, but who has no particular residence, being intended to visit any one port or harbour occasionally.

Commissaire de l’artillerie de la marine, an officer who, under the orders of the intendant, has the charge of the foundery, the proof of cannon and mortars, and of all other arms, gunpowder, ammunition, instruments, and implements of war. He has also the command of the gunners, matrosses, and bombardiers, maintained in a royal port, who are divided into squads, commanded by lieutenants de marine, or lieutenants of bomb-ketches. There are two of these Commissaires généraux, one for the western ports of France, and the other for Provence, or the eastern ports.

Commissaire ordinaire de la marine, an officer whose duty it is to superintend the ordinary, the several clerks in a dock-yard, the store-keepers accounts in a port, and the out-fits and return of stores of a fleet.

Commissaire ordînaire de l’artillerie de la marine, an officer who performs the duty of the Commissaire général de l’artillerie de la marine, when he is absent. He keeps the keys of the naval magazine and artillery store rooms jointly with the garde-magazin. He has also a key of the arsenal, wherein the fire-arms are disposed according to their length and calibre; and he keeps a register of all the artillery within the warren where he resides. This register contains principally the matter and fabric of such artillery.

COMMISSION, an order given by the king to an admiral, vice-admiral, or other superior officer, to cruise against, and seize, the enemy’s ships, &c.

COMPAGNE, the cabin of the steward of a row-galley.

COMPAGNIE de navires, or Conserve, a convoy or fleet of vessels.

COMPAGNONS, a general name for sailors, mariners, or whoever forms a part of a ship’s crew.

COMPAS azimutal, an azimuth-compass.

Compas, de carte, or Compas marin, a pair of compasses, or dividers, used to prick a chart, or discover courses and distances thereon.

Compas de route, or de mer, a common sea-compass.

Compas de variation, an amplitude-compass.

Compas mort, a compass whose needle has lost its magnetical virtue.

Compas renversé, a swinging compass whose face is downwards; it is usually hung over-head in the great cabin, to shew the ship’s course to the captain.

COMPASSER. See Pointer la carte.

COMPOST, a tide-duty, or revenue; arising from shipping.

CONFLUENT, the place where two rivers are united.

CONGÉ, a pass, or permission, granted to the master of a merchant-ship, by the office of admiralty, when he is ready to sail.

CONNOISSANCE, the skill and intelligence of a pilot; also a prospect of the land and sea-coasts.

CONNOISSEMENT, a ship´s bill of lading, or the manifest of her cargo.

CONSEIL de construction, a council held in any of the king’s ports, consisting of the intendant (or commissioner), le commissaire général, and the principal officers, for the construction or repairing of ships of war. These last are usually styled the builders, and sometimes les charpentiers-constructeurs, the shipwrights.

Conseil de guerre, a council of war.

Conseil de l’amirauté a jurisdiction exercised under the name and authority of the lord-admiral, who has certain claims called the dues of the admiralty. The officers of the admiralty have their patents from the king, but they are nominated by the lord-admiral. The admiralty of France consists of a lieutenant-general, who is president, a lieutenant particulier, three counsellors, an advocate, and a royal proctor; of a register in chief, and two serjeants or bailiffs.

Conseil de marine, a secret council held by the king and his ministers, to which he usually summons the princes and the chief officers of his fleet, to deliberate with them about the affairs of naval war.

CONSERVE, a fleet or convoy of ships, associated for their mutual defence and safety. See Compagnie.

CONSOLE, a bracket, or part where two pieces of timber are united by a bracket.

CONSOMMATION, the consumption of a ship during a sea-voyage, comprehending whatever has been expended, as cordage, canvas, ammunition, &c.

CONSTRUCTION des vaisseaux, the art of ship-building, or the practical part of naval architecture.

CONSUL, a consul established in foreign parts, for the protection of the commerce of his country.

CONTINENT, a continent, or vast tract of land.

CONTRAT à la grosse. See Bomerie.

CONTRE-AMIRAL, the rear-admiral of France.

Contre-bande, prohibited goods.

Contre-bittes, the standards which support the cable-bits.

Contre-brasser, to brace about the yards.

Contre-capion de pouppe, the upper part of the salse=post of a row-galley, which is a crooked piece of timber placed on the fore-side of the stern-post to support it. See Contre-rode de pouppe.

Contre-capion de proue, the upper part of the stemson of a galley. See Contre-rode de proue.

Contre-carene, the kelson of a galley. See Carlingue.

Contre-étambot, the knee of the stern-post, by which it is attached to the keel.

Contre-étambot, or Faux-étambot, is also the false stern-post.

Contre-étrave, the apron; a piece of timber which supports the scarf of the stem.

Contre-maitre, the boatswain of a ship.

Contre-marche, the general tacking of a division of ships, arranged on the same line, so as to preserve the line in its former disposition on the other tack.

Contre-marée, a spring-tide.

Contre-quille, the dead-wood placed on the keel fore and aft. See Fausse-quille.

Contre-rode de pouppe, the lower part of the false-post, or counter-stern-post of a row-galley. See Contre-capion de pouppe.

Contre-rode de proue, the lower part of the stemson of a galley. See Contre-capion de proue.

Contre-sabords. See Mantelets.

Contre-salut, the return of a salute at Sea.

CONTROLEUR de la marine, an officer of the marine, who attends and controuls all the purchases and sales held in a royal dock-yard, assists at the general musters, reviews the artificers, and keeps a register of their names.

CONVERSO, the waist, or main-deck, of a ship.

CONVOI, the convoy or escort of ships of war, used to guard a fleet of merchantmen.

CONVOYER, to convoy or accompany a fleet of merchant-men as their escort.

COQ, the cook of a ship.

COQUE, a kink, or round twist, in a new rope.

COQUERON, the cook-room, fore-castle, or cuddy, of a lighter or hoy.

COQUET, a cock-boat, a sort of small boat which passes between Normandy and Paris.

COQUETER, to navigate or manage a boat by paddling, or rowing in the boat’s stern with a paddle.

CORADOUX. See Couradoux.

CORALINE, a light small long-boat, or lanch, employed in the Levant, to fish coral.

CORBEAU, a sort of sheer-hook or fire-grappling.

CORBEILLON, or Corbillon, a small kid, or tub, to contain the biscuit or sea-bread daily distributed to the several messes.

CORDAGE, cordage, a general name for all the ropes employed to rig or work a ship: the cables, or ground-tackling, are sometimes comprehended in this term. See Cable, Manoeuvres.

Cordage blanc, white, or untarred cordage.

Cordage étuvé, cordage which has passed through a stove, to discharge its moisture or watery humour.

Cordage goudronné, tarred cordage.

Cordage raque, or raqué, cordage which has been well rubbed, in order to take off the hulks, straw, or roughness of the hemp from the surface.

Cordage refait, twice-laid cordage.

CORDAGES de rechange, spare-ropes, spare-cordage.

CORDE, a rope of any kind.

Corde de retenue, a guy, used to steady a heavy bale, cask, &c. when hoisted into a ship.

Corde de retenue is also pendant of a relieving tackle, employed to prevent a ship from over-setting, or falling down more than is necessary in the careen; and to right her, or pull her upright, when the careen is finished. See Attrape.

Corde de retenue likewise implies a stern-fast, or large rope used to ease a ship gradually off the stocks, or to prevent her from launching too quick. This is meant of vessels launched head foremost, a method never practised in England.

CORDES de défense, fenders of junk or old cable.

CORDELLE, a warp or tow-line.

CORDERIE, a ropery or rope-walk, the rope-yard of a dock.

CORDIER, a rope-maker, or roper.

CORDON, a strand of rope-yarns. See Toron.

CORNE de vergue, the crutch or cheeks at the inner end of a gaff, or boom which embraces and slides along the mast of a small vessel, as the sail is hoisted or lowered.

CORNET de mât, a step and partners peculiar to the masts of some small vessels, being open at the after-part, so that the mast may occasionally be lowered over the stern. See Carlingue.

CORNETTE, a broad pendant, displayed at the mast-head of a commodore.

CORPS de bataille, the center division of a fleet of ships of war.

Corps de garde d’un vaisseau, the half-deck; that part of a ship which is under the quarter-deck and before the bulk-head of the steerage.

Corps de pompe, the chamber of a pump.

Corps d’un vaisseau, the hull of a ship, without her rigging.

CORRECTIONS, the methods of correcting the errors of a dead reckoning, by observations and allowances, as prescribed by the rules of navigation.

CORSAIRE, a privateer, also a pirate.

CORVETTE, a sloop of war.

COSSE, a thimble; also a bull’s eye, or traveller. See Margouillet.

COTE, the sea-coast, the shore.

Côte en écore, a bluff or bold shore.

Côte qui court nord-sud ou est-ouest, a coast which lies north and south, or east and west.

Côte saine, a safe coast, where there is neither rocks or sand-banks, that may render the access dangerous to shipping.

Donner à la Côte, ranger la Côte. See Donner and Ranger.

Côté du vaisseau, the side of a ship.

Presenter le Côté, mettre le Côté, du vaisseau en travers, to bring the broad-side to bear upon. See Effacer.

Mettre un vaisseau sur le Côté, to lay a ship on the careen. See Abattre.

Faux-Côté, lap-sided.

Côté du vent, the weather-side, to windward.

Côté sous le vent, to leeward, the lee-side.

COTES, or Membres, d’un vaisseau, the timbers, or ribs of a ship, from the keel, upwards.

COTIER, a coaster, or coasting vessel.

COTONNINE, a species of thick sail-cloth, used in galleys and vessels of the Levant: it is formed by a mixture of hemp and cotton, the woof being of the former, and the warp of the latter.

COTONS, fishes of the mast. See Jumelle.

COTTIMO, a duty or exaction of so much per cent. which the consuls, by order of their courts, or by the consent of merchants, demand of the shipping of their nation, when they enter a port where such consuls are established.

COUBAIS, a barge or galley of Japan, greatly ornamented, and rowed with forty oars.

COUCHE, the pillow of a stay, or the piece of wood upon which it rests.

COUDRAN, a mixture of tar and some other ingredients, used to prevent ropes from rotting. See Goudron.

COUETS, the tacks of the main-sail and fore-sail. See Amurer.

Couets à queue de rat, tacks which taper to the point.

COUILLARD, an old term signifying the clue of a sail.

COULADOUX, shroud-tackles, which are used in the galleys, and some other vessels of the Mediterranean, in the place of dead-eyes and laniards.

COULANTES, or Courantes, the running rigging. See Manoeuvres courantes.

COULÉE, that part of a ship’s bottom which lies between the floor-heads and the keel, which is somewhat concave on the outside.

COULER à fond, to sink at sea. See also Sancer.

Couler bas d’eau, to sink deeper in the water; expressed of a ship when her leaks gain upon the pump, or when she receives more water than the pumps can discharge.

COULOIRS, certain gangways fixed on the sides of undecked vessels; also the grating-gangways on the sides of such vessels as have their decks arched very high in the middle, as xebecks, &c.

Couloirs likewise imports the passages that lead to the several cabins or store-rooms of a ship.

COUP d’assurance, a gun fired by a ship on her entrance into a port, when she displays her colours, as a sign of peace. See Assurance.

Coup de gouvernail, the whole force of the helm.

Coup de mer, the shock of a wave of the sea, striking a ship violently, and rushing over her deck.

Coup de partance, a farewel-gun, a gun fired as signal for sailing.

Coup de vent, a sudden squall or gust of wind.

COUPS de canon à l’eau, shot received under water, or between wind and water.

Coups de canon en bois, shot received in the upper works of a ship.

COUPER la lame, to cut the sea, to divide the waves.

Couper le cable, ou le mâts, to cut the cable, or cut away the masts.

Couper, l’ennemi, to thwart or cross the enemy’s course, in giving chase to him.

COUPLE de haubans, a pair of shrouds.

Couple du lof, or du balancement, the loof-frame or loof-timbers.

COUPLES, the timbers of a ship, or the frames. See Gabari.

COURADOUX, between decks, the space between any two decks of a ship; also the place where the soldiers sleep in a galley. See Entre-pont.

COURANT, a current or stream at sea.

COURBATONS, small knees used, in the upper part of a ship, for the same purposes as the courbes are, in the lower parts.

Couratons de l’éperon. See Herpes de poulains and Montans.

COURBE capucine, the standard which fastens the cut-water to the stem.

COURBES, a general name for the larger knees of a ship.

Courbes d’arcasse, the transom-knees, or sleepers.

Courbes de bittes, the knees of the cable-bits. See Contre-bittes.

Courbes d’écubier, the cheeks of the head. See Jottereaux.

Courbes d’équerre, or à fausse équerre, knees which are right-angular, and knees which are within, or without a square.

COURCIVE, or Courcite, a half-deck, formed in a vessel which is not wholly decked.

COUREAU, a small yawl of the Garonne.

COURÉE, Couroi, or Couret, a composition, or stuff, used to pay a ship’s bottom at the time of docking or breaming.

COURIR, imports in general, to sail, to run at sea, to stand onward.

Courir à l’autre bord, to stand upon the other tack.

Courir au large, to stand off. See Tirer à la mer.

Courir au plus près, to run close upon a wind.

Courir en latitude, to run down latitude.

Courir en longitude, to run down longitude.

Courir la bouline, to run the gauntlope.

Courir la mer, to infest or scour the sea; to cruise up and down therein.

Courir le bon bord, to make a lucky cruise; a cant phrase peculiar to cruisers or pirates, and alluding to the capture or plunder of merchant-ships.

Courir même bord, to stand upon the same tack as some other ship in sight.

Courir nord, sud, &c. to stand to the northward, southward, &c.

Courir sur la terre, to stand in shore, or on shore.

Courir sur un vaisseau, to chase or pursue a ship.

Courir sur son ancre, to run over, or foul of, the anchor.

Courir terre à terre. See Ranger la côte.

Courir une bordée, or bord sur bord. See Louvier.

COURONNEMENT, the after-part of a ship’s taffarel, which is usually ornamented with sculpture.

COURROI. See Courée.

COURS, or Course, a cruise at sea. Hence faire Cours, to go upon a cruise.

Cours du vaisseau, the course or run of a ship; also the wake, or track marked on the surface of the water behind her.

COURSIER, a bow-chase, or great brass cannon in the head of a row-galley.

Coursier, or Coursie, a fore-and-aft passage between the banks of a row-galley, where the comite, or boatswain walks, to see that the slaves manage their oars and row with application.

COURSSIERE, a spar-deck, or grating-deck, reaching from the quarter-deck to the fore-castle.

COURTAGE, a tax or duty levied on all merchandises which pass by sea from one port to another.

COURVETTE. See Corvette.

COUSSIN de beaupré, the pillow of the bowsprit.

Coussin de bittes, the fir lining or doubling of the bits. See Chevet.

Coussin de canon, the bed of a cannon which supports the breech.

COUSSINS, the mats of the top-rims, used to prevent the top-sails from being fretted by striking the edges of the tops.

Coussins d’amures, the mats nailed by the chess-tree, to prevent the clue of the main-sail from being galled when the tack is aboard.

COUSTIERES, the shrouds of a galley, which are usually formed of runners and tackles. See Couladoux.

COUT d’assurance. See Prime assurance.

COUTELAS. See Bonnettes en étui.

COUTURE, a seam between the planks of the deck or side of a ship.

Couture de ceuille de voiles, the seam of a sail.

Couture ouverte, an open seam, or one from which the oakum has been expelled by the straining of the ship, &c.

COUVERTE, the deck of a ship, in the dialect of Provence.

Couverte de l’iscosele de proue, the fore castle, or fore-deck, of a galley, together with the space beneath it, where the cannon are planted.

COUVERTURES de fanaux, a sort of tubs to cover the top and poop-lanthorns, to preserve them when they are not in use.

CRAIE, a small Swedish ship, without top-masts or top-sails.

CRAMPE, a cramp-iron, or hook of a block.

CRAQUER, to crack or strain; expressed of a ship that labours greatly in a turbulent sea.

CRAVAN, a barnicle, or small shell-fish, of a disagreeable taste, which fastens to a ship’s bottom in a long voyage.

CREUX, the depth of the hold from the lower-deck beams to the floor.

Creux d’une voile, the belly or cavity of a sail, which retains the wind.

CRIBLÉ, pierced with holes; expressed of a ship that has been much damaged by worms or cannon-shot.

Une voile CRIBLÉE, a sail much damaged by shot.

CRIQUE, a creek, or small natural harbour.

CROC, a boat-hook, or setting pole.

Croc de candelette, the cat-hook. See Capon.

Croc de pompe, the pump hook.

CROCS de palans, the tackle-hooks.

Crocs de palans de canons, the hooks of the gun-tackles.

Crocs de palanquins, jigger-tackle-hooks.

CROCHETS d’armes, certain crutches, or hooks, to support the small-arms in the cabins of a ship of war.

Crochets de retraite, the eye-bolts, in the train of a gun-carriage, wherein are hooked the relieving-tackles.

CROISÉE de l’ancre, the cross of the anchor, or the part where the shank terminates at the arms.

CROISER, to cruise in any particular station.

Croiser à la lame. See De bout à la lame.

CROISETTE, the pin or bolt used as a fid to any flag-staff.

CROISEUR, a cruiser, a vessel employed to guard a coast; also a pirate, or sea rover.

CROISEURS, or vaisseaux en croisiere, ships cruising in an appointed station or latitude.

CROISIERE, a rendezvous or latitude for cruisers.

CROITRE, to rise or flow; expressed of the tide.

CROIX sur les cables, a cross in the hawse.

CRONE, a wheel-crane, built on a wharf.

CROQUER, to hook or grapple any thing.

Croquer le croc de palan, to hook the cat to the anchor.

CROUCHANTS, the crochets, or floor-timbers fore and aft in a boat.

CROULER. See Rouler.

Crouler un batiment, to shake a ship by jumping on her decks, in order to launch her from the stocks.

CROUPIARDER. See Mouiller en croupiere.

CROUPIAT. See Embossure.

CROUPIERE, or Croupias, a stern-fast, a stern-cable or hawser.

CUEILLE, one of the cloths of a sail.

CUEILLETTE, a measure or weight of any merchandise, which is equal to a quintal, or 100 ℔.

CUILLER à brai, a pitch-ladle, to pay the seams of a deck.

Cuiller à canon, or Chargeoir, a gunner’s ladle.

Cuiller, de pompe, a pump-borer.

CUIRS verds, raw hides, used to cover the tops, lace on the yards, serve the cables, &c.

CUISINE, the galley or cook-room of a ship.

CUL de lampe, an ornament of sculpture resembling the bottom of a lamp, and placed in several parts of the stern or galleries, to terminate the carved-work.

Cul de pot, de porc, or de port, a double or single wall-knot, wrought on the end of a tack, stopper, or other rope.

Cul de sac, a name given by the inhabitants of America to a harbour formed by nature without the assistance of art.

Cul de vaisseau. See Arriere.

CULASSE, the breech of a cannon, also the stock of a musquet.

CULÉE, the shock which a ship feels when striking the ground, on a rock or sand-bank.

CULER, to go astern, to have stern-way.

CURATEUR de la marine, an officer who formerly assigned to the several Triérarques the duties of their respective departments. See Triérarque.

CURETTE, a pump-scraper, fastened to a staff, or pole, of ten or twelve feet long, to clean the inside of a pump.

CUSEFORNE, a small, long, and sharp rowing-boat of Japan, without decks, employed to fish whales.

D.

DAGUE de prevôt, the colt or cat used by the prevôt to punish criminals.

DAILLOTS, or Andaillots, the hanks or grommets of a stay.

DALE, the gutter or channel in which the train is laid in a fire-ship.

Dale de pompe, the pump-dale.

DALOTS, the scupper-holes of a ship. See Gouttiere.

DAME-JEANNE, a demijan, or large bottle, containing about four or five gallons, covered with basket-work, and much used in merchant-ships.

DAMELOPRE, a vessel navigated on the canals of Holland.

DAMOISELLES. See Lisses de porte-haubans.

DANGERS civils, the duty, fine, or exaction, formerly demanded by the lord of the manor from the merchant, or master, who suffered shipwreck on his coast. See Bris.

Dangers naturels, a general name for the dangers of a coast or bank, as rocks, or shelves of mud, sand, &c. which the officers of the adjacent ports are charged to distinguish by buoys or beacons.

DARD a feu, a fire-arrow, used to burn the sails of an enemy’s ship.

DARSE, or Darsine. See Bassin.

DÉBACLE, or Débaclage, the act of clearing or opening an harbour, by removing the lightened vessels to make room for such as are laden.

DÉBACLEUR, an officer whose duty it is to regulate the mooring of light and laden ships in a harbour, and to keep the passage, or fair-way, open and clear.

DÉBARCADOUR, a wharf, or storehouse, to receive goods discharged from a ship.

DÉBARDAGE, the act of unlading in general, but particularly fire-wood.

DÉBARDER, to unlade wood, &c. Whence

DÉBARDEUR, a lighter-man. See Gabarier and Porte-faix.

DÉBARQUEMENT, a return of the artillery, stores, rigging, &c. of a ship of war into the dock-yard; also the discharging of the officers and crew.

Débarquement likewise implies disembarking, or landing and discharging the cargo of a merchant-ship.