A TRANSLATION OF THE PHRASES AND TERMS OF ART IN THE FRENCH MARINE. (continued 2)

DÉBARQUER, to unload or discharge a ship, to disembark, to return to the shore.

DÉBAUCHE, an irregular tide.

DÉBILLER, to take off or dismiss the horses that track vessels up and down a canal.

DÉBITTER le cable, to unbit the cable.

DE BORD à bord, upright on the water.

DÉBORDE, put off, sheer off! the order given by some officer of a ship, to a boat lying near her, to remove farther off.

DÉBORDER, to sheer off from some other ship, particularly an enemy who attempts to board: also to over-haul the tack and sheets, in order to haul a sail up in the brails.

DÉBOSSER le cable, to take the stoppers off from the cable.

DÉBOUCLÉ, a term opposed to Bouclé, which see.

DÉBOUQUEMENT, the arrival into open sea, after having been amongst islands, or in narrow channels.

DE BOUT à la lame, head to the sea.

De bout à terre, head to the shore, standing in shore. See Donner de bout à terre.

De bout au corps. See Abordage.

De bout au vent. See Aller de bout au vent.

DÉBOUTONNER la bonnette. See Délacer.

DÉBRIS, the effects which remain in a shipwrecked vessel. By the ordonnances of the marine, all persons who shall have found, or drawn such effects from the bottom of the sea, are to place them in safety, and in twenty-four hours afterwards, at farthest, to make proclamation thereof, under pain of being punished as felons: and by the same ordonnance, it is permitted to the proprietors of the said effects to demand them in a year and a day after such publication, upon paying the salvage-money. It is to be wished that this laudable decree were established in England.

DÉCHARGE, the act of unlading or discharging a merchant-ship.

Décharge le petit hunier, fill the fore-top-sail!

DÉCHARGEMENT. See Décharge.

Se DÉCHARGER, to lose water; expressed of the ship’s pump.

Décharger les voiles, to fill the sails. See Servir.

DÉCHEOIR. See Abattre.

DÉCHET. See Dérive.

DÉCHIRAGE, the act of breaking up an old ship, or of ripping off her planks.

DÉCHIRER, to rip up an old vessel.

DÉCHOUER, to get a ship afloat, or off from the ground, into deep water.

DÉCLINAISON, the variation of the compass, or of the magnetical needle.

Déclinaison d’un astre, the declination of a fixed star, &c.

DÉCOLEMENT, the forming of a tenon on a piece of timber.

DÉCOMBRES, the chips and useless pieces of timber which are left on a shipwright’s wharf, after a vessel is built and launched.

DÉCOUDRE, to rip off planks from any part of a ship’s side, in order to examine her timbers, &c.

DÉCOUVERTE, a look-out at the mast-head.

DÉCOUVRIR les terres, to make, or discover, the land.

DEDANS, when expressed of the sails, imports furled or stowed: as,

Mettre les voiles Dedans, to take in the sails.

DÉFEND, keep off, keep at a distance; the order given by the pilot, or officer of the watch, to the helmsman, to steer farther from some adjacent object, which may damage the ship.

DÉFENDRE la côte, to defend the sea-coast, and prevent an enemy from landing thereon.

DÉFENSES, the skeeds of a ship’s side; also booms to send off another ship which is near.

Défenses de bouts de cable. See Cordes de défense.

Défenses pour chaloupes, loose skeeds hung over a ship’s sides occasionally, to preserve the boats from being damaged when they are hoisted into, or out of, the ship.

DÉFERLER, to loose or heave out the sails. See Déployer.

DÉFIE du vent, you are all in the wind, keep her full! an information or caution to the helmsman, that the ship is too near the wind; implying that he should keep her farther off, or more to leeward, to fill the sails.

Défie l’ancre du bord, bear off the anchor! the order to keep the fluke or bill of the anchor off from the side, to prevent it from tearing the planks at the time of hoisting the fluke up, to be secured by the shank-painter.

DÉFIER, to bear off, as a ship from a wharf, or one vessel from another, to prevent either from being bruised or damaged by rubbing, striking, &c.

DÉFUNER, to unrig a ship, to strip a mast, &c.

DÉGAGER un vaisseau, to rescue a ship from the possession, attack, or pursuit, of an enemy.

DÉGARNIR le cabestan, to unrig the capstern, by taking off the viol and unshipping the bars.

Dégarnir un vaisseau, to unrig or dismantle a ship. See Degréer.

DÉGAUCHIR, to bevel or form a piece of timber, so as to fit aptly the place for which it is designed.

DÉGORGEOIR, the bit or priming-iron of a cannon.

DÉGRADER un vaisseau, to lay-by a ship; also to quit or abandon a ship at sea, after having taken out the rigging, stores, &c. when she is become so old and crazy as to be equally useless and dangerous.

DÉGRAPPINER, to warp a ship off from the ice by the means of grapplings, when she had approached too near it.

DEGRÉ, the division of a degree upon a quadrant, nocturnal, &c.

Degré de latitude, a degree of latitude.

Degré de longitude, a degree of longitude.

DÉGRÉER, to unrig a ship; also to loose the rigging in a storm. See Desagréer.

DEHORS, the offing, the outside, or road, of a harbour.

DÉJOUER, to fly out, to flutter, or turn in the wind, expressed of flags, pendants, &c.

DÉLACER la bonnette, to unlace or take off the bonnet from the foot of a sail.

DÉLAISSEMENT, an instrument, or act, by which the loss of a ship is announced by the master or merchant to an insurer, summoning him to pay the stipulated insurance.

DÉLESTAGE, the discharging of ballast from a ship.

DÉLESTEUR, an officer appointed to receive the ballast of ships; also a ballast-lighter,

DELOT, or rather Cosse. See Cosse.

DÉMAILLER. See Délacer.

DEMANDE, the scantlings or proportions required in each piece of timber which enters into the construction of a ship of war; also the capacity of every piece, without regard to such demand.

DÉMARAGE, or Démarrage, breaking adrift from the moorings, parting the cables.

DÉMARRE, the order to cast off, let go a cable, hawser, or other rope.

DÉMARRER, to unmoor, to weigh anchor, to put to sea.

DÉMATÉ, dismasted by a storm or battle; also without the masts, when they have been hoisted out.

DÉMATER, to take out the masts of a ship.

DEMEURER, to remain, or be left, in some road, bay, or harbour.

DEMI-BARRES, the bars of an English capstern.

Demi-clef, a half-hitch on a rope, &c.

Demi-pique, a half-pike, sometimes used to oppose the boarders in a sea-fight.

Demi-pont, the half-deck. See Corps de garde.

DEMOISELLES. See Lisse de porte-haubans.

DEMONTER le gouvernail, to unhang the rudder.

DÉPARTEMENT, a marine arsenal, or dock-yard and gun-wharf; also the extent of the district and jurisdiction of an intendant of the marine.

DÉPASSER, to be ahead of one’s reckoning; to sail past or beyond the place intended, as by mistake.

Dépasser la tournevire, to shift the viol, or change it to the other side of the cap-stern.

Dépasser un vaisseau, to fore-reach, gain ground upon, or pass another ship, when sailing in company with her.

DÉPECER un batiment. See Déchirer.

DÉPENCE, the steward-room in a ship of war.

DÉPENCIER, or Dépensier d’un vaisseau, the ship’s steward. See Maitre-valet.

DÉPENDANT. Aller en Dépendant, to sail in company; to follow.

Tomber en Dépendant, to bear up; to shorten sail in order to veering.

DÉPLOER le pavillon, to let fly or display the ensign.

Déploier une voile, to heave out, or set a sail.

DÉPREDÉ, goods plundered or robbed from a wreck, contrary to law.

DÉRADER, to drive with the anchors ahead; to be driven from the anchors and forced out to sea, by the violence of a storm.

DÉRALINGUER, to blow from the bolt-rope, in a storm; spoken of a sail.

DERAPER, to loosen from the ground; understood of the anchor when it is almost aweigh.

DÉRIVATION, the yawing, or deviation from the line of the course.

DÉRIVE, the angle of lee-way, or drift.

Dérive is also the stray-line, or allowance made for stray-line, occasioned by a ship’s falling to leeward, when sounding, in deep water.

Dérive is likewise used for a lee-board. See Semelle.

Dérive qui vaut la route, a drift favourable to the course.

Belle Dérive, a good offing, or sea-room.

DÉRIVER, to drive, to be driven to leeward by a tempest or foul wind.

DÉROBER le vent d’un vaisseau, to becalm a ship; also to becalm some of the sails with others.

DÉSAFOURCHER, to unmoor.

DÉSAGRÉER, to have the rigging, or a part of it, blown away or lost by a storm, &c.

DEÉSANCRER, to weigh anchor, and depart from a port or road.

DÉSARBORER, to strike the top-mast and haul down the colours.

DÉSARMEMENT. See Déchargement, and Débarquement.

DÉSARRIMER, to alter or shift the stowage of the hold, in order to change the ship’s trim.

DESCENDRE, to maroon. See Deserter.

Descendre une riviere, to fall down a river with the tide.

DESCENTE, a descent or landing upon an enemy’s country.

DÉSEMBARQUER. See Débarquement.

Vaisseau DÉSEMPARÉ, a ship disabled, as in a tempest or battle.

DÉSEMPARER un vaisseau, to disable a ship in battle, by dismasting her and destroying her sails, &c.

DESERTER quelqu’un, to maroon a sailor, or leave him ashore in a foreign country contrary to his inclination.

DESSUS du vent. See Avantage du vent.

Vingt hommes la-Dessus, clap on here twenty hands! the order from an officer for twenty men to be employed on some particular duty.

DESTINATION, the place whither a ship is bound.

DÉTACHER, to select some ships from a squadron, for a particular service.

Se Détacher, to quit or abandon the fleet.

DE TALINGUER, to unbend the cable, or take it off from the anchor.

DÉTREMPEUR de viandes salées & de poisson, the cook’s shifter.

DÉTROIT, a streight or narrow channel between two lands; also an isthmus between two seas.

DÉVENTER les voiles, to shiver the sails, or brace them to shiver in the wind.

DEVERGUER, to unbend the sails from their yards.

DEVERS, the moulding of any piece of timber, amongst shipwrights. Whence Marquer le bois suivant son Devers, to mould the timber according to its compass or inclination.

DÉVIRER le cable, to surge the cable about the capstern or windlas, in order to prevent it from riding, with one part over another.

DEVIS, a scheme containing the general dimensions of a ship, from which the shipwright is to form a draught for constructing her.

DEXTRIBORD, or rather Stribord, the starbord side of a ship. See Stribord.

DIABLOTIN, the mizen top-mast stay-sail.

DIGON, or Diguon, the stock or staff of a vane or pendant; also a piece of the ship’s cut water.

DIGUE, a wall, mound, or pier, of earth or stone, and sometimes of timber, built on the margin of a river, to confine it within its banks so that it may not overflow the adjacent country.

DILIGENCE, a swift-sailing wherry, or passage-boat.

DISPUTER le vent, to strive for the weather-gage, or endeavour to get to windward of some ship, or fleet in sight.

DISTANCE de ports, &c. the line of distance, in navigation, between any two given places, whose latitude and longitude are known.

Distance de sabords, the distance, or interval, between two gun-ports in a ship’s side.

DIVISION d’une armée navale, one division of a fleet of ships of war.

DIXIEME, an additional cask allowed by an agent-victualler to every ten casks of sea provisions, to answer for waste or leakage.

DOGRE, or Dogre-bot, a Dutch dogger.

DOGUES d’amure, the holes in the chess-trees. See Taquet.

DONNER à la côte, sur un banc, ou sur un écueil, to run aground, strike, or be stranded on any coast, shoal, or rock.

Donner de bout à terre, to run right in for the land.

Donner dedans, to enter a port, road, &c.

Donner le bas de soie. See Bas de soie.

Donner les culées, to strike repeatedly on a shelf or rock.

Donner le fond. See Mouiller.

Donner la cale. See Cale.

Donner la chasse. See Chasser.

Donner le côté. See Preter le côté.

Donner le feu à un vaisseau, to bream a ship.

Donner le suif, to pay a ship’s bottom after she is breamed.

Donner vent devant, to throw a ship up in the wind, or in stays; to bring the wind ahead, by putting the helm a-lee.

Donner un grand hunier, to spare a main top-sail to some other ship in company; implying, that such ship sails slower by as much, as the force of a main-top-sail assists her velocity.

DONNEUR à la grosse, the insurer of a ship and her cargo.

DORER un vaisseau, to pay a ship’s bottom. See Espalmer.

DORMANTE, l’eau Dormante, standing water, or water where no tide runs.

DORMANT, the standing part of a tackle, brace, or other running rope.

Bateau fait à Dos d’ane, a sharp-bottomed boat.

DOU est la navire? whence came the ship? where belongs the ship to?

DOUBLAGE, the sheathing applied to the bottom of a ship, to preserve her.

DOUBLE d’une manœuvre, the bight of a rope. See Balant.

DOUBLER, to double, or double upon, in a sea-fight.

Doubler le sillage, to make a crooked wake; to run over more space of water than is necessary, by bad steerage.

Doubler un cap, parer un cap, to double, or pass beyond a cape, and leave it behind.

Doubler un vaisseau, to sheathe a ship’s bottom.

DOUCIN, a name given by seamen to brackish water.

DRAGAN, the ornamented part of the stern of a row-galley.

DRAGON, a whirlpool, or vortex of water.

Dragon de vent, a sudden gust or violent squall of wind.

DRAGUE, a drag, or instrument to clean the bottoms of rivers and canals; also to catch oysters.

Drague de canon. See Brague.

DRAGUER, to clean the bottom of a river or canal with a drag.

Draguer l’ancre, to drag, or sweep the bottom, for an anchor which is lost.

DREGE, a sort of net for catching soles and turbot.

DRESSE la chaloupe, trim the boat! See Barque droite.

DRESSER les vergues, to brace the yards to the wind when the sails are furled at sea.

Dresser une piece de bois, to trim or prepare any piece of timber for its use.

DRISSE, or Issas, the haliards of any sail or yard.

Drisse de pavillon, the ensign haliards.

Allonge la Drisse, the order to man the haliards, or stretch them along to be manned.

DROGUERIE, the herring-fishery, or the catching and preparation of herrings, on the Northern Banks.

DROIT d’ancrage. See Ancrage.

Droit de congé. See Congé.

Droit de varech, ou varet. See Choses de la mer, and Débris.

Aller en DROITURE, or faire sa route en Droiture, to make a strait course, to make a voyage without touching at any intermediate port.

DROSSE, or Drousse, the tiller-rope, formed of white hemp, and wound about the barrel of a ship’s wheel.

Drosse de canon, a gun-tackle.

Drosse de racage, a parrel-rope, or truss-rope.

DUNES, downs or heights on the sea-coast.

DUNETTE, the poop of a ship of war.

Dunette sur Dunette, the poop-royal. See Teugue.

E.

EAU changée, discoloured water, or water whose colour is changed by approaching the shore, or otherwise.

Eau du vaisseau. See Sillage.

Eau haute, high-water. See Haute-marée.

Eau maigre, or Maigre-eau, shoal-water. This phrase is peculiar to the common sailors.

Eau plate & courtoise, very smooth water; the state of the water in a dead calm.

Eau premiere & Eau seconde, the first and second floods after a neap-tide.

EAUX fermées, water enclosed with ice.

Eaux ouvertes, an open channel, after the ice has melted or separated.

EBAROUI, abounding with shakes or rents; expressed of a ship whose planks are split, and her seams opened, by the sun or wind, for want of being wetted, or sluiced over with water, in the evenings and mornings.

EBE, or Jussant, the ebb-tide.

Il y à Ebe, the tide ebbs, or falls.

EBRANLEMENT, the cracking or straining of a ship, as she labours in a high sea.

ECALE, the touching, or anchoring, at any port, in the course of a voyage.

ECARLINGUE. See Carlingue.

ECART double, a scarf of two ends of timber laid over each other.

Ecart simple ou quarré, butt and butt; the joining of the butt-ends of two planks.

ECHAFAUD, a flake, or light stage, used in Newfoundland to dry cod-fish; also a stage hung over a ship’s side, to caulk or repair any breach.

ECHANDOLE. See Escandole.

ECHANTILLONS, the scantlings or dimensions of the different pieces of timber used in ship-building.

ECHARPE, the shell of a block or pulley. See Arcasse and Mouffle.

ECHARS, a wind that veers and hauls; a light and variable wind.

ECHELLE, a scale of equal parts; also a sea-port town, in the dialect of Provence.

Echelle de pouppe, the stern or quarter-ladder, formed of ropes.

ECHELLES, the gangway and ladder, which serve to ascend or descend the ship’s side; likewise the several ladders between decks.

Echelles de latitude croissante. See Carte réduite.

ECHILON, a water-spout. See Siphon.

ECHOME, a thoule-pin. See Autarelles and Tholet.

ECHOUEMENT, the state of being stranded or wrecked on a coast.

ECHOUER sur la rivage, to run ashore, or aground; also to be stranded.

ECLAIRCIE, a clear spot in a cloudy sky. See Clairon.

ECLAT de bois, a splinter, or chip, torn from any piece of timber, by the force of a cannon-ball or by the stroke of an ax.

ECLUSE, a sluice, or dam.

ECOLE, the school, or academy, in a dock-yard, where navigation, arithmetic, and fortification are taught.

ECOPE, a boat’s scoop, or skeet, to throw out the water in her bottom.

ECORE, the edge or extremity of a sand-bank. See Côte.

ECORES, are also the shores or props which sustain a ship in dock, or on the stocks, when they are repairing or building her. See Accores.

ECOTARD. See Porte-haubans.

ECOUETS, the tacks of the main-sail and fore-sail.

ECOUPE, or Ecoupée, a swab. See Fauber.

ECOUTES, the sheets of a sail.

Ecoute de bonette en étui, the tack or guy of a studding-sail boom.

Avoir les Ecoutes largues, to sail with a flowing sheet.

Larguer ou filer l’Ecoute, to ease off the sheet.

Border les Ecoutes, to haul aft the sheets.

Border plat les Ecoutes, to haul the sheets flat aft, or close aft.

ECOUTILLE qui s’emboîte, a hatchway with a scuttle which covers its border,

ECOUTILLES, the hatchways and scuttles in a ship’s deck.

Ecoutilles à huit pans, Ecoutilles du mât, the holes and partners of the mast.

ECOUTILLON, a scuttle, or small hatchway; also its cover.

ECOUVILLON, the spunge of a cannon.

ECOUVILLONNER, to spunge the inside of a cannon; to clean or cool it with a wet spunge.

ECRITURES, the papers of a ship, comprehending journals, registers, passports, &c.

ECRIVAIN, the clerk of a ship of war; also the supercargo of a merchant-ship.

Ecrivain emploié aux constructions, the clerk of the cheque of a dock-yard.

Ecrivain de la corderie, the clerk of the rope-yard.

ECUBIERS, the hawse-holes; also the hawse-pieces, through which those holes are cut.

ECUEIL, a dangerous rock or shoal.

ECUELLE de cabestan, the iron socket or sawcer of the capstern.

ECUME, the froth or foam of a breaking sea.

ECUMER la mer, to scour or infest the sea, as a pirate.

ECUSSON, Ecu des armes, a compartment or scutcheon upon the stern, fore-castle, or belfry, upon which the arms of the ship’s owner, or of the province or city from which her name is derived, are painted or carved. These are more peculiar to the French and Dutch than English vessels.

EFFACER, to bring the broadside to bear upon some adjacent object, by clapping a spring upon the cable.

EFFLOTER, to part company, or separate at sea, as from a fleet or other ship.

EGOUTTOIR, a grating, or drain, wherein to lay cordage after it is tarred.

EGUILLES de tré. See Aiguilles.

EGUILLETTES, or rather Aiguillettes, the futtock-riders.

Eguillettes, knittles, or small robands; also the loops or buttons of a bonnet.

Eguillettes de mâts. See Entennes.

Eguillettes de pontons, the cleats, or timber-heads on the gunnel of a pontoon, whereto the relieving-tackles are hooked in the act of careening a ship.

ELANCEMENT, or Quete, the rake of a ship: the former of these terms is always applied to the stem, and the latter to the stern-post. See Quete.

ELARGIR, to give chase; also to fly from a pursuing enemy.

S’ELEVER, to stand out to sea; also to claw off from a lee-shore.

S’Elever en latitude. See Hauteur.

ELINGUER, to sling a cask, bale, or box.

ELINGUES, slings of any kind.

Elingues à pattes, can-hooks.

ELINGUET, the pawl of a capstern or windlas.

ELME, a meteor, called by English seamen a corposant. See Feu Saint-Elme.

EMBANQUÉ, to be upon a fishing-bank, as those of Newfoundland.

EMBARDER, to sheer on one side or the other; to yaw, or steer obliquely. See Elancer.

EMBARGO, an imbargo.

EMBARQUEMENT, an embarkation.

EMBARQUER, to ship, to put goods, stores, &c. on shipboard.

S’Embarquer, to embark, or enter a ship.

EMBELLE, the gangway, or that part of the gunnel which is in the waist of a ship from the gangway to the chess-tree, or fore-castle.

EMBODINURE, or Emboudinure, the puddening of an anchor.

EMBOSSER, to anchor, or moor a ship.

EMBOSSURE, a knot formed on the end of a rope, to which a laniard is fastened; also a bend, by which one rope is fastened to another.

EMBOSSURES, a general name for moorings, stoppers, lashings, and laniards.

EMBOUCHURE, the mouth of a river; also the entrance or opening of a bay or gulph.

EMBOUFFETÉ, clinch-work.

EMBOUQUER, to enter into a streight or passage, through several islands.

EMBRAQUER, to haul, or rowse any rope into a ship; to haul aboard a rope.

EMBROUILLER les voiles, to brail up, clue up, or take in the sails.

EMBRUMÉ, foggy weather.

EMMARINÉ, hardened to the sea; as

Matelot Emmariné, a case-hardened or weather-beaten tar; a veteran sailor.

EMMARINER un vaisseau, to mann a ship, or furnish her with seamen.

EMMIELLER un étai, to worm a stay.

EMMORTOISER, to fill up a mortise with its tenon.

EMPANNER. See Mettre en panne.

EMPATER, to make a scarf; to scarf two pieces of timber together.

EMPATURE, the scarf of two ends of plank or timber.

EMPECHÉ, un manœuvre Empeché, foul, or entangled; an epithet applied to a rope, or tackle, in that situation.

EMPENNELLE, a small anchor sunk ahead of a larger one, to which it is fastened by a small hawser, or tow-line, to prevent the large anchor from loosening, or coming home to the ship.

EMPENNELLER, to carry out the empennelle.

EMPESER la voile, la mouiller, to wet the sails, in order to hold the wind better.

EMPIRANCE, the diminution of a ship’s cargo, by waste, decay, or damage, when it is found deficient at the time of delivery.

EMPORTER, to carry away a mast; as, le grand mât fut emporté, the main-mast was carried away, or, overboard.

EMPOULETTE. See Horloge.

ENCABANEMENT, the tumbling-home of a ship’s side, or narrowing of her breadth from the lower-deck-beam upwards to the gunnel.

ENCAPÉ, embayed, or entered between two capes.

ENCASTILLAGE, the elevation of the fore-castle and quarter-deck, together with all the height of a ship above the gunnel of her waist.

ENCASTILLÉ, deep-waisted, or frigate-built; as opposed to galley-built.

ENCLAVER, to let into a rabbit; as the garboard-streak is let into the keel.

ENCOGNURE, the elbow or angle of a knee or standard.

ENCOMBREMENT, cumbersome or unwieldy goods, that embarrass the stowage of a merchant-ship.

ENCOQUER, to fix or slide on, as an iron ring, block-strop, or the eye of a brace-pendant is fixed upon a yard-arm.

ENCOQUURE, the situation of an eye of a pendant, or studding-sail boom-iron, fixed on a yard arm.

ENCORNAIL, the sheave-hole in a top-mast-head, through which the top-sail-tye is reeved, to hoist or lower the top-sail along the mast.

ENCOUTURÉ, clinch-work. See also Embouffeté.

ENDENTÉ, dove-tailed, indented.

ENDORMI, out of the sailing-trim; spoken of a ship which has lost her usual velocity, or trim. See Erre.

ENFILER les cables en virant, to heave in the cables by the capstern.

ENFLECHURES, the rattlings of the shrouds.

ENFLEMENT, a swell, a rough or swelling sea, produced by a storm, &c.

ENGAGÉ, an indented servant, who engages to serve a limited time, to defray the expence of his voyage to a distant country.

ENGAGEMENT, the contract, or articles of agreement between the seamen and the commander of a merchant-ship.

ENGINS, frigates of war; a general name for those ships of war which are too small for the line of battle.

ENGRAISSEMENT, joindre du bois par Engraissement, to drive forcibly into a mortise; to fit a piece of wood so exactly, that no vacancy shall be left on any side.

ENGRENER la pompe, to pump the water out of a ship’s bottom.

ENJALER une ancre, to stock, or fix the stock upon, an anchor.

ENLACURE, the bolting of a tenon into its mortise, by boring a hole and driving a bolt through both, to unite them more securely.

ENMANCHÉ, entered or arrived, into the channel.

ENSEIGNE de vaisseau, an officer under the lieutenant, who executes his duty in his absence; also the ensign of a ship.

ENTAILLE, the rabbit or mortise by which one piece of timber is let into another.

ENTENNES, the props, or out-riggers, fixed on the side of a sheer-hulk, to support the sheers.

ENTER, to join two pieces of wood, as by scarfing, rabbiting, or placing them butt-and-butt.

ENTERRER les futailes, to stow the water-casks of a ship in the ballast.

ENTRÉE d’une riviere. See Embouchure.

ENTREMISES, small wedges, or chocks, placed between the whelps of a capstern, to keep them firm in their places.

ENTREPOT, a commercial harbour, where a magazine or storehouse is established, for the reception and exportation of goods; also a factory, or society of merchants, in a trading sea-port.

ENTREPRENEUR, a contractor for building and furnishing a ship, completely fitted according to stated dimensions.

ENTRER dans le port, to sail into the harbour.

ENTRE SABORDS, the planks which form the intervals between the ports of a ship’s side.

ENTRE-TOISE, the transoms of a gun-carriage, used at sea.

ENVERGUER, to bend a sail to its yard: this phrase is also frequently used for bending a stay-sail to its stay.

ENVERGURE, the dimensions of the sails with regard to their extent upon the yards: hence une grande Envergure, implies very square sails.

ENVOIE, the order to the helmsman to put the helm a-lee, in order to bring the ship head to wind.

EPARS du pavillon, the flag-staff, or ensign-staff.

EPAVES. See Choses de la mer.

EPAULES d’un vaisseau, the bows of a ship.

EPAULEMENT d’un tenon, the shoulder of a tenon, which enters a mortise.

EPAURES, or Epavres, the ledges upon which the fore sheets and stern-sheets of a boat are framed.

EPÉES, handspikes. Se Barres de virevaut.

EPERON, or Poulaine, the cut-water, or knee of the head, which is composed of several pieces, as la gorgere, le digon, les jottereaux, la courbe capucine, & les herpes. See Gorgere, &c.

EPINEUX, rocky above water; full of rocks and breakers.

EPISSER, to splice a rope.

EPISSOIR, or Cornet d’épisse, a marline-spike, or splicing fid of hard wood.

EPISSURE, a splice of any kind.

Epissure courte, a short splice.

Epissure longue, a long splice.

EPITE, a small pin or wedge, driven into the end of a tree-nail, to fill it.

EPITIÉ, a shot-garland, on the ship’s side between the guns.

EPONTILLE, a stanchion. See Batayolles.

EPONTILLES d’entre pont, the stanchions between decks.

EQUIPAGE, the crew of a ship of war, comprehending the officers, sailors, ordinary mariners, and boys; but exclusive of the captain, lieutenant, and ensign.

Equipage d’attelier, a general name for the machinery and furniture of a dock-yard, or shipwright’s wharf, as cranes, gins, screws, &c.

Equipage de pompe, the pump-gear, or furniture of the pumps.

EQUIPE, the number or set of boats belonging to one waterman or wherryman.

EQUIPEMENT, the fitting out of a ship, or furnishing her with men, provisions, stores, &c.

EQUIPER, to man, arm, and provide a ship with whatever is necessary to prosecute war, or commerce; exclusive, however, of the cargo itself.

ERISSON, a grappling, or anchor with four claws, used in low-built vessels, particularly galleys.

ERRE, the sailing trim of a ship, or the state by which she is best qualified for the purpose of sailing.

ERSE de poulie. See Estrope.

ERSES, or Étropes d’afût, the strops or eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage, to which the relieving-tackles are hooked.

ESCADRE, a squadron of ships of war.

ESCALE. See Ecale.

ESCANDOLA, the cabin of the argousin of a row-galley.

ESCARBITE, a caulker’s oil-box, or the case which contains thrums steeped in oil, to clean his irons when he is at work.

ESCARPÉ, steep-to; expressed of a shore which may be approached without danger.

ESCARPINE, a fire-arm, resembling a cohorn, used at sea.

ESCHILON. See Echilon.

ESCOPE, or rather Ecope, a skeet to wet the sails, or the ship’s side. See Ecope.

ESCOT, the aftmost lower corner of a lateen sail.

ESPALE, the aftmost bank or thwart of a row-galley.

ESPALIER, the person who rows with the handle of the oar, or who is at the inner extremity, and rises at every stroke to guide it.

ESPALMER, to pay the bottom of a vessel with soap, &c. after having breamed her.

ESPOIR, a small piece of artillery, formed of brass, mounted on the deck of a ship, more particularly the caraques of Portugal.

ESPONTON, a sort of half-pike, employed to defend a ship from the assault of boarding.

ESPOULETTE, a tin canteen, or case, to carry fine powder to the cannon, in the time of battle.

ESQUAINS, the quick-work, or the planks laid upon that part of a ship’s side which is above the spirketting of the quarter-deck and fore-castle.

ESQUIF, a skiff, yawl, or small boat belonging to a ship.

ESSES, the forelocks which are driven through the axletrees of the gun-carriages, to confine the wheels in their proper places.

ESSIEU, or rather Aissieu, d’affut de bord, the axis of a gun-carriage, by which it rests upon the wheels.

ESSUIEUX. See Ecouvillon.

ESTAINS, the fashion-pieces of the stern.

ESTANCE à taquets, a Sampson’s-post. See also Piédroit.

ESTANCES. See Epontilles d’entre-pont.

ESTERRE, a small haven or creek.

ESTIME, the dead-reckoning.

Erreur dans l’Estime, the errors of a dead-reckoning.

ESTIVE, the trim or disposition of the cargo, by which the ship swims upright, inclining to neither side.

ESTOUPIN, Etoupin, or Valet, the vent of a cannon, formed of oakum.

ESTRAN, a name sometimes given to a flat and sandy sea-coast.

ESTRAPADE marine, a naval punishment. See Cale.

ESTRAPONTIN, an Indian hammock. See Hamac.

ESTRIBORD, or Stribord. See Stribord.

ESTROPER, to reeve a rope through any block.

ESTROPES, a general name for block-strops.

Estropes d’affut. See Erses.

Estropes de marche-pieds, the stirrups of the horses.

ETABLI sur ses amarres, settled, moored, or stationed in a port.

ÉTAI, the stay of a mast.

Étai du grand mât, or grand etai, the main-stay.

Étai du grand mât de hune, the main-top-mast-stay.

Étai du grand perroquet, the main-top-gallant-stay.

Étai du mât d’artimon, the mizen-stay.

Étai du mât de hune d’avant, the fore-top-mast-stay.

Étai du misaine, or du mât de misaine, the fore-stay.

Étai de perroquet d’artimon, or de foule, the mizen-top-mast-stay,

Étai de voile d’étai, a stay-sail-stay.

Faux-Étai, a preventer-sail.

ETALER, to anchor during the interval of a contrary tide, in a foul wind, with intent to pursue the course the next favourable tide.

ETALINGUE, the part of a cable which is bent to the anchor.

ETALINGUER, to bend the cable to its anchor.

ETAMBOT, the stern-post of a ship.

ETAMBRAIES, the holes or scuttles in a ship’s decks, through which the masts are let down; also the partners of the mast.

ETAMINE, buntine; a cloth of which a ship’s colours are made.

ETANCHER, to stop a leak; also to pump the water out of a ship.

ETANÇONS, a sort of stanchions.

ETAPE, a mart, or place of public sale for merchandise; also a commercial port.

ETARCURE, the drop or depth of a sail.

ETAT d’armement, a list, or register, containing the number of ships, and of officers, destined for a naval armament; as also the quality and proportion of cordage, sails, and furniture of a ship, &c.

Capitaine du grand Etat, a captain of a ship of the line of battle.

Capitaine du petit Etat, a master and commander.

ETENDARD, the royal standard, carried by the principal galley of France.

ETÉSIES, or vents Etésiens, trade-winds, or monsoons.

ÉTOUPE, oakum, or oakham.

Étoupe blanche, white oakum, or that which is formed of untarred ropes.

Étoupe goudronnée, black oakum, or oakum made of tarred ropes.

ETRAQUE, the limited breadth of a streak, or plank, used in ship-building.

Etraque de gabord, the garboard-streak, or the breadth of the streak next to the keel.

ETRAVE, the stem of a ship.

ETRE à flot, the state of being buoyed up by the water.

Etre à la gamelle, to mess with the common sailors.

Etre au dessus du vent. See Avantage du vent.

Etre banqué, or débanqué, to be upon, or off, the grand bank of Newfoundland.

Etre dans les eaux d’un vaisseau, to be in the wake of a ship.

Etre de bout au vent. See Aller de bout au vent.

Etre flanc à flanc. See Prolonger.

Etre pratique de la mer, to be accustomed or inured to the sea.

ETRIER, the lower link of the chains of a shroud, which is bolted to the wales.

ETRIERS, strops formed of a piece of rope. See Estropes.

ETUVE, a stove in a dock-yard, fitted with furnaces and cauldrons, for tarring cordage, &c.

EVENT, the vent of a cannon, or difference between the diameter of the bore and the diameter of the shot.

EVENTER les voiles, to fill the sails.

EVITÉE, the channel of a river, or the breadth of a channel.

Evitée, a birth, or sufficient space to let a ship swing round at the length of her mooring.

Evitée is also the birth or space between two ships at anchor, or between one ship and some neighbouring object; likewise the sweep or swing of a ship round her anchor, at the length of her cable.

EVITER à marée, to stem the tide or current.

Eviter au vent, to carry the head to windward, to stem the wind.

EVOLUTIONS, the movements of a fleet in forming the line of battle, or the orders of retreat, or sailing.

EXERCICE, the naval exercise, or the preparatory practice of unmooring, setting sail, stowing the anchors, &c.

Exercice du canon, the exercise of the great guns.

EXPEDITION maritime, a cruise or long voyage at sea.

F.

FABRIQUE, the particular built or structure of a ship, either with regard to her figure, or the place where she was fabricated.

FABRIQUER, to build or construct a ship.

FAÇONS, the narrowing of a ship’s floor afore and abaft.

FAGOT. See Barque.

FAIRE abattre. See Abattre.

Faire abordage. See Abordage.

Faire aiguade, or Faire de l’eau, to water a ship, or procure the provision of water necessary for a voyage, &c.

Faire bon bord, or bonne bordée, to make a good board or tack, when turning to windward.

Faire canal, to sail through a streight or narrow channel. This phrase is more peculiar to the gallies than other vessels.

Faire capot, to overset, or overturn, at sea.

Faire chapelle. See Chapelle.

Faire chaudiere, to cook and prepare the seamens victuals.

Faire courir, or recourir la bouline, or toute autre manœuvre, to let run, or over-haul the bowline, or any other rope.

Faire dégrat, to quit a station, on the banks of Newfoundland, where there are few fish, in order to search for a better fishing place.

Faire des feux, to hang out lanthorns, as signals of distress, in different places of a ship, in the night.

Faire du bois, du biscuit, du vin, de la farine, &c. to furnish a ship with the provision of wood, bread, wine, flour, &c.

Faire eau, to leak, to make water.

Faire escale, to touch at any intermediate port in the course of a voyage.

Faire feu des deux bords, to cannonade, or fire on an enemy, from both sides of a ship.

Faire filer un cable, to pay out a larger scope of cable.

Faire force de voiles, to make sail, to croud sail.

Faire force de voiles & rames, to croud sail and exert all the force of the oars.

Faire gouverner, to cunn the ship, or observe that the helmsman steers the ship right.

Faire honneur à une roche ou a quelqu’autre danger, to give birth to a rock or other dangerous object in a ship’s course.

Faire la course. See Aller en course.

Faire la grande bordée, to set the half-watch, or the watch of half the ship’s crew, as at sea.

Faire le petit bordée. See Bordée.

Faire le nord, le sud, &c. to stand to the northward, southward, &c.

Faire pavillon, to carry a broad pendant, as the commodore or commander in chief of a squadron, &c.

Faire pavillon, or banniere d’une nation, to hoist or shew the colours.

Faire pavillon blanc, to display a flag of truce.

Faire petites voiles, to be under small sails, to carry little sail.

Faire plus de voiles, to make sail, to make more sail.

Faire quarantaine, to perform quarantine.

Faire route, to stand onward on the course.

Faire sa route en droiture. See Aller en droiture.

Faire servir, to fill the sails; to make sail, after having lain by for some time.

Faire servir les voiles, to brace about and fill.

Faire son quart. See Quart.

Faire téte, to carry the head to a current or wind.

Faire une descente, to invade, or make a descent upon, an enemy’s country.

Faire voiles or voile, to depart and set sail; to be under sail.

FAIS COURIR, keep her full! the order to the helmsman to steer the ship so as not to shake in the wind when close hauled.

FAIT, fixed, or set-in; an epithet applied to the wind, when it is supposed to be settled for a time.

FAIX, or Faix de pont. See Iloires.

FALAISE, a steep and bold shore.

FALAISER, to break or burst over the rocks, &c. understood of the waves upon a sea coast.

FANAL, a light-house on the sea-coast. See Phare.

Fanal is also the poop or quarter-lanthorn of a ship.

Fanal de hune, the top-lanthorn.

Fanal de soute, the light-room of a ship’s magazine.

FANAUX de combat, the lanthorns used between the guns, in time of battle.

Fanaux pour signaux, signal-lanthorns.

FANON, the balance of the mizen.

FARAILLON, a small sand-bank.

FARAIS, a sort of nets for fishing of coral.

FARDAGE, the dinnage laid in a ship’s hold, when she is to be laden with a cargo of corn, fast, &c.

FARE. See Phare.

FARGUES, or Fardes, the sides of a ship’s waist, from the main-deck upwards to the gunnel.

FASIER, to shiver the sails. See Barbeyer.

FAUBER, a swab. Whence

FAUBERTER, to swab a ship’s decks, &c.

FAUSSE écoute. See Écoutes de bonnettes en étui.

Fausse étrave, or rather Contre étrave, the stemson.

Fausse galerie, a quarter-badge.

Fausse quille, a piece of timber placed on the top of the keel, in the interval between the dead-wood afore and abaft: also the false keel.

FAUSSES lances, wooden guns, fixed on a ship’s side to deceive an enemy in time of war.

FAUX coté, the side of a ship which heels most when she is lap-sided, or is not trimmed upright by her cargo.

Faux étai, a preventer-main-stay.

Faux étais, a general name for the stay-sail-stays.

Faux étambot, the back of the stern-post.

Faux feux, signals made by false fires.

Faux pont, the orlop-deck, or platform.

Faux racage, a preventer-parrel, used to confine the yard to the mast, in case the parrel should be shot away in battle. This machine is never used in English shipping.

Faux ringot. See Safran.

Faux sabords, false ports, painted in a ship’s side, to deceive an enemy. See Fausses lances.

FAYFENA, a sort of Japonese galley, which usually rows with about thirty oars.

FELOUQUE, an Italian felucca.

FEMELLES, the googings used to hang the rudder on the stern-post.

FÉMELOTS, the googings of a boat’s rudder, &c.

FER, a name given to an anchor in a row-galley.

Fer de chandelier de pierrier, the socket in which the swivel of a pedrero rests and traverses.

Fer de girouette, the spindle which supports the vane at the mast-head.

FERLER, to furl, hand, or stow the sails.

FERMETURE. See the subsequent article.

FERMURES, the planks of a ship’s side in the intervals between the wales.

FERRURE, the iron-work of a ship, as chains, bolts, spikes, nails, &c.

Ferrure de chaloupe, the iron-work employed to fit the mast, boom, and rudder of a long-boat.

Ferrure de gouvernail, the pintles and googings of a ship’s rudder.

Ferrure de sabords, the hinges of the gun-ports.

FERS d’arcboutans, or boute de hors, the goose-neck of a studding-sail-boom; also the fork of a fire-boom.

Fers pour les criminels, bilboes, or fetters, to confine criminals.

FESSES, a name usually given to the buttocks, or prominent quarters, of a Dutch flight or cat.

FEU grégeois, an artificial fire, or inflammable composition, used sometimes to burn an enemy’s ship in battle.

Feu saint Elme, a corposant, sometimes called Castor and Pollux.

FEUX d’artifice, artificial fires used at sea.

FICHURE, a fish-gig, or staff with several grains or prongs, used to strike fish at sea. See Foesne.

FIGALE, an Indian vessel with one mast, usually rowed with oars.

FIGULES, or Figures. See Enflechures.

FIL de carret, a rope-yarn.

Fil de voile, de tré, ou de trévier, twine for sail-making.

FILADIERE, a small flat-bottomed boat used on the Garonne.

FILANDRES, sea-weeds which adhere to a ship’s bottom that has been long at sea.

FILARETS, rails used to extend the nettings on a ship’s quarter, waist, or fore-castle.

FILE bouline, check the bowline! the order to ease-off, or let go the bowline, when the ship veers before the wind.

Ne File plus, amarre, keep fast the cable! stopper the cable! veer no more!

FILER, to slacken, or lower gradually.

Filer du cable, to veer out, or veer away the cable.

Filer de l’écoute, to ease-off a sheet.

Filer le cable bout par bout, to veer away the cable to the end, to veer out the cable end for end.

Filer les manœuvres. See Larguer.

Filer sur ses ancres, to pay out more cable to the anchors.

Filer toute l’écoute, to let fly a sheet, as in a squall of wind which endangers the ship.

FILET, a sort of moulding on a ship’s side.

Filet de merlin, a marling; a small line so called. See Merlin.

FILEUX, or Taquet. See Taquet.

FIN de voiles, swift of sailing.

FISCAL, or Avocat-Fiscal, an officer whose duty is similar to that of the judge-advocate of a court-martial at sea.

FISOLERES, small boats used by the Venetians, one of which is often carried by the waterman who manages it, upon his shoulders.

FISOLLE, or Ficelle, whipping-twine; also a fox, formed of a single rope-yarn.

FLAMBEAU de mer, a title given to a book of sea-charts, coasts, soundings, &c.

FLAMME, a broad-pendant, displayed as a mark of distinction, ornament, or signal.

FLAMMEROLES. See Feu saint Elme.

FLANC de vaisseau, the side of a ship.

Etre Flanc à Flanc, to lie alongside of, to be broadside-and-broadside.

FLASQUES, the cheeks or sides of a gun-carriage.

FLECHE de l’eperon. See Herpes and Lisses de poulaine.

FLETTE, a sort of punt, or flat-bottomed boat, used for the passage of a river, or carrying goods, &c.

A FLEUR d’eau, level with the surface of the water.

FLEURS, those parts of a ship which lie at the floor-heads, or the upper-ends of the floor-timbers.

FLIBOT, a small Dutch vessel, which usually carries about one hundred tons, and has a main-mast and fore-mast, without any top-mast.

FLIBUSTIERS, or Corsaires, freebooters or bucaneers.

Florer un vaisseau, or lui donner les Fleurs, to pay a ship’s bottom; to give her a clean bottom by careening, &c.

FLOT, Flots, the surge or waves of the sea.

Abandonner un vaisseau à la merci des Flots, to let a ship drive at the mercy of the waves and winds.

FLOT, the flood-tide.

Demi-Flot, half-flood.

Il y à Flot, the tide flows, it is flowing water.

Etre à Flot, to float, to be afloat upon the water.

Ligne de FLOTTAISON, a line described on the bottom of a ship, by the surface of the water in which she floats.

FLOTTE, a fleet of ships.

FLOTTER, to swim or float upon the surface of the water.

FLOTTILLE, a small squadron of Spanish ships, usually stationed in America.

FLUTE, a flight or fly-boat, called also Pinque, but differing in shape from the English ship so called.

FLUX & REFLUX, the tides of flood and ebb.

FOC, a jib.

Le grand Foc, the standing jib.

FOESNE, a forked instrument with several prongs and a long handle to strike fish; it is usually termed grains, or fish-gig, by the English mariners. See Fichure.

FOIT de mât, the height of a mast, expressed of a very high or taunt mast.

FONCET, a long flat-bottomed barge, for carrying goods in a river, &c.

FOND, the ground or bottom of the sea.

Fond d’affut, the sole or bottom of a gun-carriage.

Fond de bonne tenüe, good holding ground, or good anchoring-ground.

Fond de cale, the hold of a ship.

Fond de cours ou cure, a bottom of fine sand.

Fond de la hune, the platform or flooring of the top.

Fond de mauvaise tenüe, bad anchoring ground.

Fond de roche, rocky ground.

Fond de son, a bottom where the sand appears like bran.

Fond de voile, the bunt of a sail.

Point de Fond, out of soundings.

Fond d’aiguilles, a bottom or ground abounding with pointed shells.

Fond-haut, ou haut-Fond, a shoal or high ground, or sand bank.

Fond d’un basse voile, the foot of a lower sail.

Prendre Fond, toucher, relacher, to anchor or touch at a place in passing.

Aller à Fond, to sink, to go to the bottom.

Plat-Fond d’un vaisseau, the floor or bottom of a ship.

FOQUE de beaupré, the jib, or flying-jib. See Foc.

FORBAN, a pirate. See Pirate.

FORCE de voiles, fair Force de voiles, to make sail, to croud sail.

FORCER de rames, faire Force de rames, to row strongly, so as to redouble the efforts of the oars.

Forcer des voiles, to croud sail, to carry a press of sail.

FOURCHETTE, a pair of sheers, or machine to mast or dismast a ship.

FORME, a wet dock.

Forme en talud, a slip, or declivity on the banks of a river, where ships are built.

FORMES de vaisseaux. See Baloires.

FORT de virer, a term amongst the French common sailors, which answers to, avast-heaving.

FORTUNE de mer, the accidents or disasters of the sea, occasioned by pirates, shallows, &c.

Fortune de vent, a tempest or violent storm, in the dialect of Provence.

Voile de Fortune, the square or lug-sail of a galley or tartane, in the Mediterranean. See Treou.

FOSSE, a creek or small haven on the sea-coast, where ships may come to anchor.

Fosse is also a place out of soundings on the edge of a bank.

Fosse au lion, the boatswain’s store room, in the fore part of a ship.

Fosse aux cables, the cable stage, or cable tier, in the orlop, &c.

Fosse aux mâts, a place where the masts are kept afloat in salt water, in a dock-yard.

FOUETTER, to strike or slap back against the mast; expressed of the sails of a ship, when they are first taken aback.

FOUGON, the cobose, grate, or fire-place of a ship, in the language of Provence.

FOUGUE, mât de Fougue, ou à foule, the mizen-mast.

Vergue de Fougue, ou foule, the cross jack-yard.

Fougue, or perroquet de Fougue, the mizen-top-sail.

FOULOIR, an instrument which serves as a rammer and spunge of a cannon.

FOUR, a sort of breast-hook or knee, used to strengthen the bows of a boat.

FOURCATS, the crotches, placed in the after and fore hold, as floor-timbers.

FOURCHE de potence de pompe, the ears of a pump.

FOURCHES de carene, breaming-hooks, or forks used to hold the flaming furze or faggots to a ship’s bottom when graving.

FOURRER, to serve the cables, as with rounding, keckling, plat, &c.

FOURRURE, a general name for service of leather, plat, canvas, or ropes.

FOYER, a light-house, a light or fire on the sea coast, to direct shipping in the night. See Phare.

FRAICHEUR, a fresh wind or steddy breeze.

FRAICHIR, to freshen, or blow stronger; expressed of an increasing gale.

FRAIS, a light or small breeze.

FRANC d’eau, pumped out, or free of water.

Rendre le navire Franc d’eau, to pump the water out from a ship’s bottom; to free her by the pump.

FRANC-funin, a white hauser or large untarred rope, used for several purposes.

FRANCHE-bouline, upon a bowline, upon a wind, close hauled.

FRANCHIR la lame, to head the sea, to sail against the setting of the sea.

Franchir l’eau. See Rendre le navire Franc, &c.

Franchir une roche, to pass over or forge off from a rock, after having struck, touched, or rested upon it.

FRAPPER, to fix on, or set up the standing-rigging: also to make fast, when expressed of large ropes; as amarrer, to belay, is used in the same sense for smaller ones.

FRÉGATE, a frigate of war.^[60]

Frégate d’avis, a sloop of war, packet-boat, or tender.

Frégate légere, a light or small frigate, carrying from 30 to 20 guns.

Fregaté, frigate built, or formed with a deep waist.

FREGATON, a sort of Venetian ketch,

FREINS. See Refreins.

FRELER, to furl, or hand the sail. See Ferler.

FREQUENTER un port, to trade often to one harbour.

FRET, the freight or hire of a ship; called also fretement.

FRETER, to freight or hire a ship.

FRETEUR, the proprietor or owner of a ship, to whom the freight for the merchandize is paid.

FRIBSUTIER. See Flibustiers.

FRISER les sabords, to line the gun-ports with bays or kersey, to prevent the water from entering at sea.

FRISONS, cans or jugs.

FRONTEAU, the breast-work, a moulding ornamented with sculpture, and sometimes a sort of balustrade, reaching athwart the ship from one side to the other, and serving to terminate the quarter-deck and poop at the fore-end, and the fore-castle both afore and abaft.

FRONTON. See Miroir.

FUNER un mât, to fix the standing-rigging on the mast-head.

FUNIN, cordage of a certain size, which is particularly used for the running-ropes, and sometimes for the standing-rigging. See Franc-funin.

FURIN, the offing, the high sea, deep water; as, Mettre un vaisseau en Furin, to carry or conduct a ship out to sea, or over the bar, &c. of a harbour into deep water.

FUSEAUX, or Taquets de cabestan. See Taquets.

FUSÉE dans un brulot, the pipe or channel of the train in a fire-ship.

Fusée d’aviron, a mouse on the middle of an oar, to confine it in the strop or grommet.

Fusée de vindas, ou de cabestan volant, the main-piece or body of the windlass, into which the handspecks are put.

FUSÉES de tournevire, the mouses of the viol.

FUSTE, a low and capacious vessel navigated with sails and oars.

FUT de girouette, the vane-stock.

FUTAILLE, the water and provision-casks of a ship.

G.

GABARE, Gabarre, a sort of flat-bottomed lighter or barge, used in the river Loire, to lade and unlade shipping.

GABARIER, a lighter-man, or the person who conducts the gabare.

GABARI, a sort of model to represent the outline and thickness of the frames of a ship’s timbers. See Couple.

Premier Gabari, or rather maître Gabari, the midship-frame.

GABARIS de l’arriere, the after-frames.

Gabaris de l’avant, the fore-timbers or frames.

GABIE, the top, in the dialect of Provence.

GABIER, the captain of the main, or fore-top.

GABORD, the garboard-streak, or plank next to the keel in a ship’s bottom.

GABURONS. See Jumelles.

GACHER, to row, or advance a boat with oars.

GAFFE, a boat-hook. See Croc.

GAFFER, to hook and draw any thing near with a boat-hook.

GAGNER le vent, or Gagner au vent, &c. to gain the wind of, to get to windward of. See Avantage du vent.

Gagner sur un vaisseau, to fore-reach or gain upon; to gain ground of some ship in company.

Gagner un port, un havre, un degré de latitude, to secure a harbour, or arrive at a rendezvous without interruption.

GAILLARD, or Chateau, the elevation of the quarter-deck and fore-castle.

GAILLARDELETTE, or Galan, the flag of the fore-mast.

GAILLARDET, a sort of broad pendant displayed at the fore-mast-head.

GAINE de flamme, the canvas edging fixed on the head of a pendant, to contain the stock.

GALAUBANS, the back-stays of the top-masts and top-gallant-masts.

GALÉACE, or Galéace, a galléasse, or great galley of Venice.

GALERE, a row-galley.

Galere patrone, the second of the galleys of France, Tuscany, and Malta.

GALERIE, the gallery or balcony of a ship’s stern, or quarter.

GALERIES du fond de cale, certain passages formed close to the cieling in the hold of a ship of war, for the discovery of leaks. See Accoursie.

Fausse Galeries, the badges of the quarters in a small ship.

GALERNE, a north-west wind.

GALET, a sea-coast abounding with flints.

GALETTE, round and flat sea-biscuit.

GALION, a galleon, or Spanish ship of war of the Indian fleet.

GALIOTE, a half galley; also a Dutch fishing vessel.

Galiote à bombes, a bomb-ketch.

Galiote servant de yacht d’avis, a packet, or advice-boat.

GALOCHE, a snatch-block; also a hole made in the coamings of a hatchway, for the cable to rest when the hatches are laid.

Galoche likewise implies the stock or frame into which the feet of the sheet-kevels are fixed by the ship’s side.

GAMBES de hune, the futtock-shrouds.

GAMELLE, a bowl or platter to hold the sailors victuals; also a mess or company of them who eat together.

Etre à la Gamelle. See Etre, &c.

GANTERIAS. See Barres de hune.

GARANT, a tackle-fall, or the part upon which they pull in hoisting, &c.

GARBIN, the south-west wind, in the dialect of Provence.

GARCETTES, a general name for all sorts of platted cordage; as,

Maîtresse-Garcette, the bunt-gasket, or middle-gasket of a yard.

Garcettes de bonnettes, the keys or buttons of the bonnets.

Garcettes de fourrures de cables, plat for serving the cables.

Garcettes de ris, the reef-points of a sail.

Garcettes de tournevire, the nippers of the cable, by which it is attached to the viol.

Garcettes de voiles, the gaskets which serve to furl the sails.

GARCONS de bord, the ordinary seamen in a ship of war or merchantman.

GARDES, or Quart, the watch.

GARDE au mât, a person who looks out at the mast-head.

Garde-corps, the side, or quarter-nettings of a ship.

Garde-côte, a ship of war which cruises on the coast of a nation, to protect it from the insults of the enemy or pirates.

Garde des côtes, a military guard, employed to defend the coasts in time of war.

Garde-feux, powder-chests, or cartridge-chests.

Garde de la marine, a midshipman, or naval cadet.

Garde-magasin, an officer similar to the store-keeper of a dock-yard.

GARDE-ménagerie, a ship’s poulterer, a person who takes care of the beasts, fowls, &c. in a ship.

GARDER un vaisseau, to dog, pursue, or watch the motion of an enemy’s ship, so as to prevent her from escaping: also to guard and protect a ship.

GARDIEN de la fosse à lion, the boatswain’s yeoman.

GARDIENNERIE, or Chambre des canoniers, the gun-room. See Sainte-Barbe.

GARDIENS, matelots-Gardiens, the ordinary men of a dock-yard, under the command of the master attendant.

GARES, certain small docks or retreats, formed on the side of a narrow canal, to contain boats, that others may pass the more easily.

GARGOUSSE, or Gargouche, the cartridge of a cannon or other fire-arm.

GARGOUSSIERES, a cartridge-box, or cartouch-box, for small arms.

GARITTES, the top-brims, or top-rims.

GARNIR, or rather Gréer. See Gréer.

Garnir le cabestan, to rig the capstern, by fixing the viols, bars, pins, and swifter, to be ready for heaving.

GARNITURE, the standing, and running-rigging of a ship, together with the services of the yards.

GATTE, the manger of a ship.

GAVITEAU, a buoy, in the dialect of Provence. See Bouée.

GENOU de la rame, the loom of an oar.

GENOUX de fond, the lower futtocks of the timbers.

Genoux de porques, the lower futtock-riders.

GENS de l’équipage. See Equipage.

Gens de mer, a general name for mariners.

Gens du munitionnaire, the steward’s crew or assistants.

GERSEAU, a block-strop. See Estrope.

GIBELOT, the standard which fastens the cut-water to the stem; called also, and more properly, Courbe capucine.

GINDANT. See Guindant.

GIROUETTES, vanes of the mast-head.

Girouettes quarées, very broad vanes.

GISSEMENT, the bearings of coasts or latitudes, with respect to each other, or to some distant object.

GIST. See the preceding article.

GLAÇONS, or bancs de glace, flakes, or islands of ice.

GOLFE, a gulf of the sea, as of Mexico, of Lyons, &c.

GONDS, the gudgeons by which the rudder is hung to the stern-post. See Ferrure de gouvernail.

GONDOLE, a gondola of Venice.

GONDOLIERS, the master and crew of a gondola.

GONNE, a sea-cask somewhat larger than a barrel.

GORET, Gorret, a hog, or large brush to scrub the ship’s bottom under water.

GORETER, to hog a vessel, to apply the hog.

GORGERE, ou Taillemer, the foremost and lowest part of the cut-water, or knee of the head.

GOUDRON, or Goudran, tar.

GOUDRONNER, to tar a ship, or pay her sides with tar.

GOUFFRE, a gulf, race, or whirlpool; as the race of Portland, &c.

GOUJURE, the notch or channel cut round the outside of a block or dead-eye, to receive the strop or rope which is fixed therein.

Goujure de chouquet, the hole on a cap, through which the haliards of a sail is sometimes reeved.

GOULET, the strait entrance of a harbour.

GOUPILLE, the forelock of a bolt. See Clavette.

GOURDIN, a cobbing-board, used to punish the slaves in the gallies.

GOURMETTE, a ship-boy, servant, or apprentice, in the dialect of Provence; also a watchman appointed by the merchants to take care of the goods in a lighter till they are shipped or landed.

GOURNABLES, tree-nails.

GOURNABLER un vaisseau, to drive the tree-nails into a ship’s sides.

GOUTIERE, or Tire-point, the water ways of the decks.

GOUVERNAIL, the helm or rudder of a ship.

GOUVERNE ou tu as le cap, ou à tel air de vent, thus boy, thus! or, steddy as you go! the order to steer the ship exactly as she stems, or carries her head.

GOUVERNEMENT, the navigation or steerage of a ship.

GOUVERNER, to steer a ship or boat.

Gouverner au nord, to steer northward.

Gouverneur, ou Timonnier, the helmsman, the steersman.

GRAIN de vent, a sudden squall of wind or rain, or of both.

Grain pesant, a heavy or violent squall.

GRAND mât, the main-mast of a ship or boat.

GRAPPIN, a grappling or grapnel.

Grappin à main, ou Grappin d’abordage, a fire-grappling, or grappling of the yard-arm.

GRAPPINER, to warp a vessel towards a flake of ice, by grapplings and ropes.

GRAS de mer, discoloured water at the mouth of a river, &c.

GRASSE-bouline. See Bouline.

GRATTER un vaisseau, to scrape a ship; whence,

GRATOIR, a scraper.

GRAVE, a platform of flints, &c. whereon to dry fish in Newfoundland.

GRÉEMENT, a general name for the rigging, comprehending also the masts, yards, and the sails when they are bent.

GRÉER, to rig a ship, or fit her with rigging, blocks, yards, sails, &c.

GRELIN, a hauser, or stream-cable.

GRENADE à main, a grenade of iron or glass.

GRENIER, the floor-cieling of a ship, or a cieling which reaches only from the kelson to the floor-heads.

Charger en Grenier. See Charger, &c.

GREVE, a flat, low, and sandy shore.

GRIBANE, a small vessel navigated on the coast of Normandy, and carrying a main-mast and fore-mast, without any tops.

GRIGNON, sea-bread called rusks, common in Holland and Denmark.

GRIP, a small vessel resembling a schooner or shallop.

GROS d’un vaisseau, the breadth, or extreme breadth of a ship.

Gros temps, a hard gale of wind, blowing weather, foul or squally weather.

GROSSE avanture, bottomry.

GRUE, a crane with a wheel, used on wharfs and keys.

GUÉRLANDES. See Guirlande.

GUET de la mer. See Garde des côtes.

GUI, the main-boom of a sloop; also the fore-boom of a schooner.

GUINDAGE, the act of hoisting with tackles in general, but more particularly with regard to the lading or unlading a ship; also the money paid to those who are employed in such exercises.

Guindages likewise imply the tackles, and other machines used in lading, &c.

GUINDANT d’un pavillon, the hoist or height of an ensign or flag.

GUINDAS, the windlass. See Virevaut.

GUINDER, to sway up a top-mast.

GUINDERESSE, a top-rope, used to sway up, or lower the top-mast.

GUIRLANDES, the breast-hooks in a ship’s bow.

GUISPON, a brush used to pay the ship’s bottom with soap, tar, &c.

GUITERNE, a prop or shoar to support the sheers which are employed to mast a ship, or take out her masts.

GUITRAN, a sort of bitumen, or pitch, used to pay a ship’s bottom.

GUMES, or Gumeres, a general name given in Provence to all large ropes; as hausers, cables, &c.

H.

HABIT de bord, sea-cloaths, as jackets, trowsers, &c.

HABITACLE, the binacle.

HACHE coignée, an ax or hatchet, used by ship-wrights, &c.

Hache d’armes, a pole-axe or battle-axe, used for boarding an enemy’s ship.

HACHER, to hew or chop with an axe.

HALAGE, the tracking or towing a ship from one place to another.

HALE à-bord, the boat rope, or guess-rope of a boat’s moorings.

Hale-bas, a down-haul, or down-haul tackle.

Hale-bouline, a fresh-water sailor.

HALER, to haul or pull upon any rope.

Haler le vent, to haul the wind, or come nearer to its direction.

Haler à la cordelle, to warp a ship from one place to another.

HALEUR, a person who tracks a boat by a rope reaching ashore and fastened round his waist.

HAMAC, a hammoc.

HANCHE, the quarter of a ship.

HANGARD, a shed or store house in a dock-yard, wherein the masts and pieces of timber are covered from the weather, and ranged in order.

HANSIERE. See Aussiere.

HARPIN, a boat-hook. See Croc.

HARPON, a harpoon, used for striking whales.

HARPONNEUR, an harponeer, who strikes the whale.

HARPONS, are also sharp cutting-hooks, lashed to the yard-arms to destroy the enemies rigging, in the act of boarding.

HAUBAN de voile d’etai, the guy of a lower-studding-sail-boom, or of the main-boom of a brig, sloop, or schooner.

HAUBANER, to fasten the stay of a gin, triangle, or such sort of machine, to a stake or peg.

HAUBANS, the shrouds of the masts.

Haubans de beaupré, the standing-lifts of the sprit-sail-yard.

Haubans de chaloupe, the gripes or lashings of the boats, by which they are fastened to the decks at sea.

HAVRE, an haven, or harbour.

Havre-brut, an harbour formed by nature.

Havre de toutes marées, a port accessible at any time of the tide.

HAUSSER un vaisseau, to raise a distant ship by approaching her gradually in chace.

HAUSSIERE. See Aussiere.

HAUT & bas, the order to the men at the pump to take long strokes, which will not so readily fatigue them as the short ones, which are quicker.

Haut-pendu, a small cloud charged with a heavy squall.

HAUTE-mer, the offing.

Vaisseau en Haute-mer, a ship in the offing.

Haute-marée, le vif de l’eau, pleine-marée, high-water, a spring-tide, a spring-flood.

Haute-somme, contingent-money, expended on account of any extraordinary charges.

HAUTES-voiles, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.

HAUTEUR, ou Latitude, the distance of any place in degrees, from the equinoctal. See Latitude.

Hauteur de l’étambot, the height of the stern-post.

Hauteur de l’étrave, the height of the stem.

Hauteur entre deux ponts, the height between decks.

HAUTS d’un vaisseau, the heights or eminences of a ship.

Mettre les mâts de hune Hauts, to sway up the top-masts, to get the top-masts an end.

HAUTURIER, or pilote-Hauturier, a pilot who directs the ship’s course by celestial observations.

HAYE, Haie, a ridge of rocks, a chain of rocks under water, or near the surface of the water.

HEAUME, the tiller, or bar of the helm in small vessels.

HELER un vaisseau, to hail or accost a ship at a distance.

HERPE de plat-bord, the harping on each side of the bow.

HERPES de poulaine, rails of the head, stretching from beneath the cat-head towards the cut-water. See Lisses de Poulaine.

Herpes marines, a general name for whatever is thrown upon the sea-coasts of value, as coral, amber, &c.

HERSE de poulie. See Estrope.

HERSES d’affut. See Erses.

HERSILIERES, certain knees placed horizontally on the quarters or bows of a ship, close to the gunnel.

HEU, a large hoy, or sailing lighter.

HEUSE, the spear of a pump, together with its box.

HILOIRES. See Illoires.

HISSE, HISSE, hoist away! hoist heartily!

HISSER, Isser, to hoist or pull up any thing by a tackle.

Hisser en douceur, to hoist handsomely, or gradually.

HIVERNER, to winter, or lie up in a port during the winter season.

HOIRIN. See Orin.

HOLA, hoa the ship a hoy! an acclamation to hail or accost a ship at a distance.

HOLA-HO, a cry which answers to yoe-hoe.

HOMME, a name frequently given as a token of distinction to an able or expert seaman.

HONNEUR, fair honneur, to give a good birth to, to keep aloof, or at a distance from; as a rock, or shoal, or some other ship,

HOPITAL, an hospital-ship, that attends on a fleet to receive the sick.

HORIZON, the horizon.

Horizon fin, a clear horizon.

Horizon gras, ou embrumé, a cloudy horizon.

HORLOGE, an half-hour glass for regulating the watch.

HOUACHE, or Sillage, the wake or track of a ship in the sea, made by her passage through it.

HOUCRE. See Hourque.

HOULES, ou lames de mer, the waves of a swelling or breaking sea.

HOULEUX, a rolling and turbulent sea.

HOUPÉE, the rise or swell of a wave.

Prendre la Houpée, to watch the swell, as in mounting from a boat into a ship, when the boat rises.

HOURAGAN. See Ouragan.

HOURSE, or Ource, the vangs of a mizen-gaff or yard.

HOURDI. See Lisse de Hourdi.

HOURQUE, a Dutch howker, a particular sort of hoy.

HOUVARI, a strong land-wind in the West-Indies, accompanied with rain, thunder, and lightning.

HUCHE, a ship with a high poop, stern, or round-house, on the quarter-deck, as a Dutch flight.

HUNE, the top.

HUNES de perroquet, the top-mast cross-trees.

HUNIER, a top-sail.

Le grand Hunier, the main-top-sail.

Le petit Hunier, the fore-top-sail.

Avoir les HUNIERS à mi-mât, to have the top-sails half-mast up.

Avoir les Huniers dehors, to have the top-sails set.

Mettre le vent sur les Huniers, to brace the top-sails to the wind, or to lay them a-back on the mast.

Amener les Huniers sur le ton, to lower the top sails down upon the cap.

HUTTER, to lower the lower yards down a port-last, and peek them up so as to hold less wind, when a ship rides at anchor in a storm.

HYDROGRAPHE, an hydrographer, employed by the state to teach navigation in the sea-ports.

J.

JAC, or Jacht. See Yacht.

JACQ. See Pavillon.

JALOUX, a name given in Provence to the quality of rolling violently at sea; or of being crank.

JAMBES de hune. See Gambes de hune.

JARDEN, a name sometimes given to the gallery or balcony of a ship.

JARLOT, the rabbit, or channel, cut in the stem afore, and in the stern-post abaft, &c. and into the keel, to receive the ends or edges of the planks which cover the timbers.

JAS, or Jouails d’ancre, the anchor-stock, or the two pieces of which it is composed.

JATTE, the manger. See Gatte.

JAVEAU, a bank, or small island, formed in a river by a mass of gravel or mud.

JAUGE, the tonnage or burthen of a vessel.

JAUGER, to measure, or take the dimensions of a ship, in order to discover her tonnage, or the space contained in her hold, &c.

JAUMIÉRE, the hole in a ship’s counter or stern, which contains the rudder-head, and in which it is turned by the tiller; the lower part of it is usually covered with a piece of tarred canvas nailed to the rudder, to prevent the entrance of water.

JET de voiles, a complete suit of sails for all the masts, yards, stays, &c.

Jet also implies any part of the cargo, &c. thrown over-board in a storm.

Faire le Jet, to throw over-board the cargo, or any part of it, in a dangerous storm, in order to lighten the vessel, so as to prevent shipwreck or foundering; on which occasion the master usually draws up a protest against the weather, &c. on his arrival in port.

JETTÉE, a pier, or mole-head, formed by a heap of stones sunk at, or near, the entrance of a harbour. Also a great wharf or key.

JETTER à la mer, to throw any thing over-board.

Jetter dehors le fond du hunier, to foot the top-sail out of the top.

Jetter du bled, ou autres grains à la bande, to trim the corn, salt, or such like materials, to the other side of the ship, on any particular occasion.

Jetter l’ancre, to let go the anchor, to drop anchor.

Jetter la sonde, ou le plomb, to sound, or heave the lead.

Jetter un navire sur un banc, ou sur un rocher, ou à la côte, to run a ship ashore, upon a bank, rock, or coast, to avoid an enemy.

JEU du governail, the play of the helm or rudder.

ILLOIRES, two ranges of planks running fore and aft in a French ship, for the whole length of the deck on each side of the hatches, in the same place where the carlings are in an English ship of war.

INCOMMODÉ, disabled by the loss of masts, sails, or rigging. See Désemparé.

INGÉNIEUR de la marine, an officer who conducts the fortifications of a sea-port, either for attack or defence; also a person employed to survey coasts, draw sea-charts, and teach the theory of navigation.

INONDER, to overflow a country by an inundation of the sea.

INSPECTEUR des constructions, an officer whose duty is nearly similar to that of our surveyors of the navy.

INTENDANT de marine, an officer who, by his duty and authority, resembles our resident-commissioner of a dock-yard. See Commissaire generál de la marine, who is his deputy, and where his office is fully explained.

Intendant des armées navales, an officer appointed to regulate the justice, police, and finances of a naval armament.

Intendant général de la marine, a commissioner-general of all the royal dock-yards and ports of the kingdom.

INTERLOPRES, smugglers, or contraband traders.

INTÉRRESSÉS. See Chargeurs.

INVESTIR, to touch or stop at any port in a voyage, also to be driven into a road or harbour.

JOL, a Danish yawl.

JONCTION de deux flotes, ou de deux armées navales, the conjunction of two fleets of ships of war, or merchantmen.

JONQUE, a Chinese junk.

JOTTES, the fore-part of a ship’s bow, contained between the cat-head and the stem.

JOTTEREAUX, the cheeks of the head, or knees which are fastened to the cutwater, and to the bows, on each side of a ship’s stem.

Jottereaux de mât, the cheeks of the mast.

JOUER le gouvernail, to play the helm, or traverse it from side to side in light winds.

Jouer, to fetch way; as,

Le mât Joue, the mast fetches way.

JOUES de virevaut, the cheeks of the windlass.

JOUETS, certain clamps, or plates of iron, used to prevent the bolt-heads from cutting the timber into which they are driven; as,

Jouets de pompe, the iron clamps nailed on the cheeks or ears of the pump, through which the bolts are thrust.

Jouets de sep de drisse, plates of iron nailed on the sep de drisse, to preserve it from the iron pins of the jear-block.

JOUR, a light-port; also the interval left between two pieces of timber, to prevent them from chafing each other.

JOURS. See Sejours.

ISLES d’avau le vent, the Leeward Islands of the West Indies.

Isles du vent, the Windward Islands of the West Indies.

ISSAS. See Drisse.

ISSER. See Hisser.

ISSONS, thick white ropes, used as jears to the lower yards.

ISSOP, or Isop, hoist away! sway away! the order to hoist up any thing.

ITAQUE, the tye of any yard, to whose lower-end the haliards are fastened; but more particularly a top-sail tye.

Itaque de palan, the runner of a tackle.

JUMELLER un mât, to fish a mast, or fasten fishes upon it.

JUMELLES, the fishes of the lower mast.

JUSSANT, the ebb-tide.

L.

LABOURER, to raise, or harrow the surface of the ground with the ship’s keel, in passing over a shallow.

L’ancre Laboure, the anchor comes home, shifts, or loosens from its hold.

LAC, a great lake of fresh water.

LAGAN. See Choses de la mer.

LAGON, a sort of bay.

LAGUE d’un vaisseau, the path, tract, or way of a ship, either before or behind her. See Sillage.

LAISSES & relais, a sort of bank thrown up by the waves of the sea, upon any coast.

LAMANAGE, coasting-pilotage, or the act of piloting a vessel into or out of any harbour or river.

LAMANEUR, a harbour or river-pilot.

LAMES de la mer, the waves or billows of the sea.

La Lame vient de l’avant, the sea comes a-head.

La Lame vient de l’arriere, the sea comes a-stern, the sea follows the ship.

La Lame prend par le travers, the sea strikes the ship upon the broad-side; expressed of a ship when she lies in the trough of the sea.

Courir au devant de la Lame, to scud before the sea.

LAMPES d’habitacle, the lamps of the binacle.

LAMPION, a small lamp, used to enter the ship’s magazine.

LANCER, to sheer or yaw to the starboard or larboard side of the course, by the negligence or incapacity of the steersman.

Lancer un vaisseau à l’eau, to launch a ship from the stocks into the water.

Lancer une manœuvre, to belay a rope to a cleat, or timber-head.

LANGUE de voile, the goaring of a sail, or that part which is next to the leech.

LANTERNE à gargousses, a cartridge-case, to carry the cartridges, from the ship’s magazine to the artillery, in the time of battle.

Lanterne à mitrailles, a case, box, or canister, filled with case-shot, or langrage, wherewith to charge a cannon.

LANTIONE, a sort of row-galley, navigated on the coast of China.

LARDER la bonêtte. See Bonette lardée.

Au LARGE! sheer off! the order given by the centinel on a ship’s gangway to any adjacent boat, to keep aloof.

Courir au Large! se mettre au Large, to stand off to sea; to bear out from the coast towards the offing.

LARGUE, the offing, sea-room, out at sea.

Vent Largue, a large, or quartering wind.

LARGUER, to relax, or loosen, expressed of a ship that strains violently in a high sea, so as to open in several places.

Larguer une amarre, to cast off, or let go a belayed rope.

LASSER, or Lacer une voile, to reef a course with a reef-line.

LATINE, voile Latine, a lateen sail.

LATITUDE, latitude.

LATTES à baux, the ledges placed between the beams.

Lattes de caillebotis, the battens or laths of the gratings.

Lattes de galere, a sort of broad thin beams, used to support the decks of a gallery.

LAZARET, a lazaretto, or building to receive persons while performing quarentine, &c.

LÉ, the fair way of a channel, harbour, or river.

LEBESCHE, the south-west wind, in the dialect of Provence.

LEGE, light, without a cargo of any kind; understood also of a ship which is not sufficiently ballasted.

LEST, a general name for any sort of ballast.

Lest bon, or bon Lest, good ballast, or ballast which lies firmly in the hold, without disordering the pumps; as shingle, gravel, &c.

Lest de plongeurs, a weight used by the divers in the coral-fishery: it is fastened securely to their waists, to balance them in the water, and keep them steady, so as to traverse the waves easily, without being tossed about.

Lest gros, or gros Lest, heavy ballast, composed of large stones, or pigs of iron.

Lest lavé, washed shingle ballast.

Lest mauvais, bad ballast, as sand, salt, &c.

Le Lest roule, the ballast shifts.

Voiles à Lest, port-sails, or pieces of canvas depending, from the port-hole of the ship into which the ballast is thrown, to the side of the ballast-lighter, to prevent the ballast from falling into the water.

LESTAGE, the ballasting of a ship, or furnishing her with ballast.

LESTER, to ballast a vessel, or furnish her with ballast.

LESTEUR, a ballast-lighter.

LETTRES de reprisailles, letters of mart.

Lettre de mer, a passport.

LEVÉE, a swelling sea.

Il y a de la Levée, the sea rises, there is a broken or boiling sea.

LEVE-rame, unship the oars! the order to the rowers to lay in their oars.

LEVER l’amure, to tack, or shift the tack, to put about.

Lever l’ancre, to weigh the anchor.

Lever l’ancre avec la chaloupe, to weigh the anchor by the buoy-rope in the long-boat. See Ancre.

Lever l’ancre d’affourche avec le navire. See Lever l’ancre, &c.

Lever la fourrure du cable, to take the plat, or other service, off from the cable.

Lever le lof de grand voile, to haul up the weather clew-garnet of the main-sail.

Lever les terres, to survey the coasts, in order to draw a chart thereof.

Lever un objet avec la boussole, to set a distant object by the compass to discover its bearing.

LEVIER, a lever formed of a handspike or crow.

Levier à croc, a clawed-handspike.

LIAISON, the connecting or fastening together the several members or pieces of timber of which a ship is composed.

LIBOURET, a line or snare for fishing of mackarel.

LIEN de fer, an iron hoop used on several occasions in ship-building.

Lien du governail, the iron hoop which encircles the head of the rudder above the mortise of the tiller, to strengthen it in that place.

LIEU, a league, or measure of three miles, common in navigation.

LIEURES, the lower futtocks of a boat. See Genoux.

LIEUTENANT-amiral. See Vice-Amiral.

Lieutenant-général des armées navales, a rear admiral in the French navy.

Lieutenant de vaisseau, the lieutenant of a ship of war.

LIGNE, a line of battle.

Marcher en Ligne, to sail in a line.

Ligne d’eau, a water-line.

Ligne d’eau du vaisseau chargé, the load-water line.

Vaisseau percé d’un coup de canon, à la Ligne de l’eau, or à fleur-d’eau, a ship which has received a shot between wind and water.

Ligne de fond, a sounding-line, or lead-line.

Ligne du fort, the extreme breadth of a ship.

LIGNES, small cords or lines, used on several occasions at sea.

Lignes d’amarrage, seisings, or lashings; also the cable-bends.

LINGUET, the pawl of a capstern.

LIOUBE, the scarf by which a jury-mast is attached to the stump of a mast that has been carried away.

LISSE, or Carreau, a name sometimes, but improperly, given to the wales in general: it is only applied with propriety to the upper ones, known by the name of rails, and to the wing-transom. See Ceintes.

Lisse de hourdi, the wing-transom.

Lisse de la rabbatue, the sheer-rail, or drift-rail.

Lisse du plat-bord, the waist-rail.

Lisse de pont. See Barre du pont.

Lisses de porte-aubans, the channel-rails.

LIT, the bed or channel in which a river runs.

Lit de marée, a tide-way, a part in the seas where a current flows, or where there is a flux and reflux of the tide.

Lit du vent, the source or direction of the wind.

LIURE, the gammoning of the bowsprit.

LIVRE à livre, a phrase which implies a participation of gain or loss of every owner of a ship’s cargo, in proportion to his share.

LOCH, or Lok, a log and line.

LOF, the weather-side of a ship, or that which is to windward of the masts.

Aller à Lof, to sail close to the wind.

Bouter le Lof, to trim all sharp, to spring the luff.

Etre au Lof, to be upon a wind, or close-hauled.

Tenir le Lof, to keep the wind, or weather-gage of, to keep to windward of.

Lof au lof, luff boy, luff! the order to steer the ship close to the wind.

Lof tout, put the helm a-lee!

Lof pour lof, hard a-weather! the order to the helmsman to veer, or wear, and bring the wind on the other side of the ship.

Lof is also the weather-clue of a sail; hence,

Léve le Lof de la grand voile, or léve le grand Lof! haul up the weather-clue of the main-sail!

LOGE, the birth or cabin of an inferior officer.

LOIER, the wages or pay of a seaman.

LONGIS, the tressel-trees of the tops, &c.

LONGUEUR de la quille, portant sur terre, the length of the keel upon a right line.

Longueur de l’étrave à l’étambord, the length of a ship at the height of the stem, or the distance between the top of the stem and the top of the stern-post.

Longueur du cable, a measure of 120 fathoms, usually called a cable’s length at sea.

LOQUETS d’écoutilles, the hoops or clasps of the scuttles.

LOVER, or Rouer, to coil away a cable. See Rouer.

LOUVOYER, to ply to windward.

Louvoyer sur onze pointes, to lie up, within eleven points of the other tack, or to fall five points and a half from the wind.

En LOUVOIANT le vaisseau panche sur le côté, to heel greatly, or incline to one side, as the ship sails upon a wind.

LOXODROMIE, an oblique course in navigation, or a course which crosses the meridians at equal and oblique angles.

LOXODROMIQUES, tables of difference of latitude and departure.

LUMIERE du canon, the touch-hole of a cannon.

Lumiere de pompe, the hole in the side of a pump, through which the water is discharged upon the deck, or into the pump-dale.

LUNETTE d’approche, ou de long vue, a telescope, or perspective-glass.

LUZIN, a small line called housing, or house-line.

M.

MACHEMOURE, bread dust, formed of rusk, or broken biscuit.

MACHINE à mater, the sheers of a sheer-hulk, or other machine for masting a ship.

MACLES, nettings of the quarters or sides of a ship.

MAESTRALISER, a name given to the west-variation of the magnetical needle, in the Mediterranean.

MAGASIN général, a store-house, or magazine, to contain naval stores in a dock-yard.

MAGASIN particulier, a store-house which contains the rigging and cordage used for the king’s ships, magazines, &c.

MAGASINS, the store-ships which attend on a fleet of men of war.

MAHONNE, a sort of Turkish galeasse.

MAILLE, the keys or buttons by which a bonnet is fastened to its sail.

MAILLES, the intervals, or spaces, left between a ship’s timbers.

MAILLET de calfas, a calking mallet.

MAILLETAGE, the sheathing of a ship’s bottom with scupper-nails.

MAIN avant, the order to pull on a rope hand over hand.

MAJOR, an officer who has the charge of mounting, regulating, and relieving the marine guard, in a ship, &c.

MAITRE-canonnier, the master-gunner of a ship.

Second Maître-canonnier, the gunner’s mate.

Maître de chaloupe, the coxswain, or patroon of the long-boat.

Maître de l’équipage, or Maître entretenu dans le port, an officer whose duty resembles that of our master-attendant in a dock-yard; inasmuch as he has charge of whatever relates to the equipping, mooring, or securing of ships; as well with regard to rigging, arming, and fitting them for sea, as to the careening and floating them out of the docks.

Maître de grave, a person appointed to take care of the salt cod, when drying upon the stakes at Newfoundland.

Maître de hache. See Charpentier.

Maître-mateur, the master mast-maker.

Maître des ponts & des pertuis, a master wherry-man, or waterman, whose office it is to conduct the craft of a harbour through bridges, or in any dangerous place.

Maître de ports, an harbour-master, or officer, appointed to take care of a port, and its booms, and places of anchorage; to arrange the shipping conveniently therein, and regulate their moorings with regard to each other: he has also the command of the ordinary-men employed about the rigging, careening, &c.

Maître de ports, is also an officer resembling our tide-surveyors of the customs in an out-port.

Maître de quai, a principal wharf-master, or officer, appointed to regulate the affairs of wharfs and keys, and the shipping moored along-side thereof; to see that the fires are extinguished at night, and that no fires be made in any ship or boat during the night; to appoint the proper places for ballasting and unballasting vessels; as also for careening, caulking, and repairing them, and tarring their rigging; to place the light-houses, beacons, and buoys, where necessary; to examine once a month, and after every storm, the usual channels of passage for shipping, to see whether the ground has not shifted.

Maître de vaisseau, or Capitaine, the master, or commander of a merchant-ship.

Maître de vaisseau de guerre, the master of a ship of war.

Maître-valet, the ship’s steward.

MAL de mer, sea-sickness.

MALEBESTE, malebéte, or petarasse. See Petarasse.

MALINE, a spring-tide.

MAL-sain, foul ground, bad anchor-ground.

MANCHE, a great channel; as, la Manche Britannique, the English channel; la Manche de Bristol, the channel of Bristol, &c.

Manche à eau, ou Manche pour l’eau, a canvass or leathern hoase, to convey water from the deck, into the casks which are stowed in the hold.

Manche de pompe, the pump-hoase.

MANEAGE, a name given to those employments, or labours, for which the crew of a ship can demand no additional pay of the merchant; such are the lading a ship with planks, timber, or green, or dried fish.

MANEGE du navire, the general trim of a ship, with regard to the situation of the masts, of the center of gravity, of the sails; and to the efforts of the wind and sea.

La lune à Mangé, la lune Mangera, the moon has eat them up, or will eat them up; understood of the clouds: a cant phrase, usual amongst common sailors, to express the dissipation of the clouds on the rising of the moon.

Etre Mangé par la mer, to be in the hollow or trough of a high sea, which often breaks aboard.

MANGER du sable, to flog the glass, or cheat the glass; expressed of the steersman, who turns the watch-glasses before they have run out, to shorten the period of his watch.

Tems MANIABLE, moderate weather, and wind favourable for sea.

MANIVELLE. See Manuelle.

MANNE, a sort of hand-basket, used on several occasions in a ship.

MANŒUVRE, the working of a ship, or the direction of her movements, by the power of the helm, and the disposition of the sails to the wind.

Manoeuvre basse, the work or employment which may be performed upon deck, by the effort of the ropes upon the sails and yards.

Manoeuvre fine, a dextrous management of the ship in working her.

Manoeuvre grosse, heavy and laborious work in a ship; as the embarkation of the artillery and cables, and stowing of the anchors.

Manoeuvre hardie, a difficult or dangerous undertaking in a ship.

Manoeuvre haute, the employment of the sailors in the tops, at the mast-heads, and upon the yards.

Manoeuvre tortue, a lubberly or aukward manner of working a ship.

MANOEUVRER, to work a ship, or direct the movements of a fleet.

MANŒUVRES, a general name given to the rigging, sails, blocks, and cordage of a ship: but more particularly to the standing and running ropes.

Manoeuvres à queue de rat, ropes which taper to the end; as the main and fore-tacks.

Manoeuvres en bande, slack ropes which are unemployed.

Manoeuvres-majors, a name usually given to the largest ropes in a ship; as the ground-tackling, and the principal stays.

Manoeuvres passees à contre, ropes leading forward; as those of the mizen-mast.

Manoeuvres passées a tour, ropes leading aft.

MANŒUVRIER, an able or expert sea-officer; or one who is perfectly skilled in working a ship by every method of sailing.

MANQUER, to fly loose; understood of a rope which is broke, or loosened from the place where it was made fast, so as to be blown out to leeward, &c.

MANTEAUX, two folding-doors in a bulk-head.

MANTELETS, the covers of the ports in a ship’s side; called also ports in English, although improperly.

MANTURES, the rolling waves of the sea. See Houles, Lames, and Coup de Mer.

MANUELLE, the whipstaff of a helm; an instrument which is now entirely disused.

MAQUILLEUR, a decked boat, used for the fishery of mackarel.

MARABOUT, a sail hoisted in the gallies in stormy weather.

MARAIS salans, salt pits on the sea coast, or reservoirs to contain sea-water, for the purpose of making salt.

MARANDER, a phrase of the common sailors in the channel, which implies to steer easily.

MARCHE-PIED, the horse of any yard.

Marche-pied is also a space about three fathoms broad, left on the banks of a river, whereon to draw their boats ashore, &c.

MARCHER. See Ordre de Marche.

Marcher dans les eaux d’un autre vaisseau, to sail in the wake or track of another ship; to follow another ship.

Marcher en colonne, to sail in a line, or column.

MARÉAGE, the hire or pay of a sailor for any particular voyage.

MARÉES, the tides. See Flux & reflux.

Mortes Marées, neap-tides, or dead-neap.

Marées qui portent au vent, a wind-tide, or tide which runs to windward.

Marées & contre-marées, tide and half-tide.

La MARÉE est haut, it is high-water.

Marée qui soutiennent, a tide which counteracts the wind, with regard to a ship’s course, enabling her to turn to windward better.

MARGOUILLET, a bull’s eye, or wooden traveller.

MARGUERITES, a name given to jiggers, or such sort of purchases, used to pull a rope with greater effort.

Faire-Marguerite, to clap a messenger on the cable when the anchor cannot be purchased by the voyal.

MARIN, a sea-faring man of any denomination.

MARINE, implies in general the knowledge of maritime affairs: also the persons employed in the sea-service, &c.

Gens de Marine, seamen, fishermen, &c.

Officiers de Marine, sea-officers.

MARINIER, a name generally given to sailors; but more particularly to lightermen.

MARITIME, marine: of, or belonging to, the sea.

Batteaux MARNOIS, a yacht, hoy, or smack, employed on the rivers of Marne and Seine.

MARQUES, the sea-marks observed by the pilots upon any coast; as mountains, spires, windmills, &c.

MARSILIANE, a square-sterned ship, navigated on the gulf of Venice, and along the coasts of Dalmatia. They are of several sizes; the largest carrying about 700 tons.

MARTEAU à dents, a claw-hammer used by ship-wrights.

MARTICLES, or lignes de trélingage, a crow-foot, or complicated span.

Marticles is also a name given by some to the furling-lines of small sails.

MARTINET, is properly the runner or tye which is fastened to the dead-eye of a crow-foot, used as a topping-lift for the mizen-yard.

Martinet is also a general name for the haliards, or tail of a crow-foot.

MASCARET, a violent eddy of the tide.

MASLES, the pintles, by which the rudder is hung upon the stern-post. See Ferrure de gouvernail.

MASSE, a large iron maul, used by ship-wrights to drive the tree-nails and bolts into the ship’s side: also a very long tiller used in some lighters.

MASULIT, a sort of Indian boat, whose sides are composed of the bark of trees, and which are calked with moss.

MAT, a mast. The principal masts of a ship are,

Le grand Mat, the main-mast,

Mat de misaine, the fore-mast,

Mat d’artimon, the mizen-mast.

Mat d’un brin, a mast formed of one piece only; such are the bow-sprit and top-masts of all ships, and all the masts of a small vessel.

Mat forcé, a mast which, is sprung.

Mat jumellé, reclampé or renforcé, a mast which is fished in a weak place, or opposite to a spring.

MATS de rechange, spare top-masts, or masts in reserve.

Aller à Mats & à cordes, Mettre à Mats & à cordes, se mettre à sec, to try, or scud under bare poles.

Mats venus à bas, masts which are carried away.

Mats de hune hauts, to have the top-mast an end, or swayed up.

MATAFIONS, knittles, or small robands.

MATÉ en caravelle, fitted with pole top-masts.

Maté en chandelier, masted upright. Expressed of a ship whose masts are stayed so as neither to hang forward or aft.

Maté en frégate, the bent or inclination of the masts, when they rake forward, or stoop towards the head.

Maté en fourche, or à corne, masted for a boom and gaff; as a schooner or sloop.

Maté en galere, to be masted as a galley, with only two masts without any top-mast.

Maté en semaque, masted for a sprit which crosses the sail diagonally.

MATELOT, a sailor, or mariner; a man before the mast.

MATELOTAGE, the hire, wages, or pay of seamen.

Il est un bon Matelot, he is an able seaman.

Vaisseau Matelot, a good company-keeper, or a ship that sails well, and keeps her station in a fleet; also the ships, in a fleet of men of war, which are appointed seconds to the admirals or commanding officers.

MATELOTS-gardiens, the ordinary-men of a royal dock-yard, and its harbour or dock, including also the carpenters and calkers appointed to watch in the ships of war.

MATER, to fix or place the masts of a ship.

MATEREAU, a small mast, or end of a mast.

MATEUR, a mast-maker. See Maître-mateur.

MATURE, the art of masting ships; also a general name for the masts themselves.

La Mature, the mast-shed, or the place where the masts are made.

MAY, a sort of trough bored full of holes, wherein to drain cordage, when it is newly tarred.

MAUGERES, or Mauges, the scupper-holes.

MECHE, the match by which a cannon is fired.

Meche de cabestan, the middle-piece, or body of the capstern.

Meche de mât, the main or middle-piece of a lower-mast, which is composed of several pieces, as usual in many ships of war.

Meche du gouvernail, the principal piece of a rudder.

Meche d’une corde, the middle strand of a four stranded rope.

MEMBRES de vaisseau, the frames of a ship, or the pieces of which the ribs are composed, as floor-timbers, top-timbers, and futtocks.

MER, the sea; whence,

Pleine-Mer, full sea.

Haute-Mer, high water. See Marée.

Mer sans fond, a part of the sea where there is no anchoring-ground.

La Mer à perdu, the sea is fallen, it is falling-water.

La Mer brise, the sea breaks, or foams, by striking a rock or shore.

La Mer brûle, the sea burns, as in a dark and tempestuous night.

La Mer est courte, the sea runs short, broken, or interrupted.

La Mer est longue, the sea runs long and steddy, or without breaking.

La Mer étale, the sea is smooth, as in a calm.

La Mer mugit, the sea roars, as being turbulent.

La Mer rapporte, the spring-tides have begun, or commenced.

La Mer roule, the sea rolls.

La Mer se creuse, the sea rises and runs cross.

La Mer va chercher le vent, the wind rises against the sea.

Il y à de la Mer, the sea runs high. When the violence of the waves are abated, they say, in a contrary sense, Il n’y à plus de Mer.