ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY

FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS

BY

JOHN R. CLARK HALL, M.A., Ph.D.

SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED

New York: The Macmillan Company 1916

Cambridge: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

The first edition of this dictionary having been exhausted, it has been extensively revised, and certain new features and alterations have been introduced into it.

1. The principle of arranging all words according to their actual spelling has been to a considerable extent abandoned. It was admittedly an unscientific one, and opened the door to a good many errors and inconsistencies. The head form in this edition may be either a normalised form or one which actually occurs.

2. Words beginning with ge- have been distributed among the letters of the alphabet which follow that prefix, and the sign + has been employed instead of ge- in order to make the break in alphabetical continuity as little apparent to the eye as possible. The sign ± has been used where a word occurs both with and without the prefix.

3. References to Cook’s translation of Sievers’ Anglo-Saxon Grammar, and to the Grammatical Introduction to Sweet’s Reader have been taken out, as Wright’s or Wyatt’s Old English Grammar will have taken their place with most English students.

4. A new feature which, it is hoped, will prove widely useful, is the introduction of references to all, or nearly all, the headings in the New English Dictionary under which quotations from Anglo-Saxon texts are to be found. A vast mass of valuable information as to the etymology, meaning and occurrence of Old English words is contained in that Dictionary, but is to a very large extent overlooked because it is to be found under the head of words which are now obsolete, so that unless one happens to know what was the last form which they had in Middle English, one does not know how to get at it. This information will be made readily available by the references in the present work, which will form a practically complete index to the Anglo-Saxon material in the larger dictionary and will at the same time put the student on the track of interesting Middle English examples of the use of Old English words. Besides directing the reader (by means of quotation marks) to the heading in the New English Dictionary where the relevant matter may be found, an indication has been given of the texts from which quotations are made therein, when these do not exceed four or five1.

5. There have been many valuable contributions to Anglo-Saxon lexicography (by Napier, Swaen, Schlütter, Förster, Wülfing and others) since the first edition of this Dictionary appeared, and these have been made use of, but (as before) unglossaried matter has not been systematically searched for words not hitherto recorded in Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries2.

6. The number of references to passages has been very largely increased. All words occurring only in poetical texts have been marked. If they occur more than once they bear the sign †, if only once, a reference to the passage is generally given. If not they are marked ‡. As regards prose texts, the rule has been only to give references to particular passages in the case of rare words,—more especially ἅπαξ λεγόμενα. The references to AO, CP and Æ which were given in the earlier edition have been retained, as a useful indication that the word occurs in Early West Saxon or Late West Saxon prose, as the case may be.

7. By various devices it has been found possible, while much increasing the amount of matter in the book, to add very slightly to the number of pages, and at the same time to reduce the number of columns on a page from three to two. Most of these devices are more or less mechanical, but one method of saving space may be mentioned. Certain compound words, descriptive of places, which, as far as I know, occur only in charters and which may often be more correctly regarded as proper nouns, have not been separately inserted. Their meaning can however always be ascertained by referring to their components, and where the abbreviation Mdf is inserted the reader will understand that examples of words so compounded, or of the components, or of both, will be found in Birch’s Cartularium Saxonicum, or in Earle’s Land Charters, and that references to those examples are given in Middendorff’s Altenglisches Flurnamenbuch.

8. In the List of Abbreviations, etc. at the commencement of the book, editions of texts which are furnished with a glossary have been specially indicated.

J. R. C. H.

January, 1916.

LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS WITH THEIR EXPLANATION

Note 1. Where references are in italic type, quotations from the texts indicated will be found in the New English Dictionary, under the head of the English word which is distinguished in the article by quotation marks (see Preface). In references to special passages volumes have been marked off from pages by an inverted full stop, and lines or verses have been shown, where they follow other numerals, by small superior figures. Occasionally where lines have not been given, the mark ´ has been inserted to show that the quotation is in the lower half of a page.

Note 2. In the following list the number (1) after an edition of a text indicates that the edition is supplied with a complete referenced glossary or word-index, (2) that it has a complete glossary, but without references and (3) that it has a partial glossary or word-index.

Note 3. Some of the abbreviations given below are used in combination. Examples: MtLR = the Lindisfarne and Rushworth MSS of St Matthew; BJPs = the Bosworth and the Junius Psalters; asf. = accusative singular feminine. EK = Early Kentish.

Sources and Grammatical Terms: A B C DE FG HIJ KL M NO PQR STU VWZ

‘ ’ Quotation marks are used to enclose the English words which should be looked up in the NED in order to find etymological information as to, and examples of the use of, the Anglo-Saxon words to which the articles in this Dictionary relate, see Note 1 above. If they enclose Latin words, they indicate the lemmata of Anglo-Saxon words in glosses or glossaries etc., or the Latin equivalent of such words in the Latin texts from which they are translated. The Latin is especially so given when the Ags. word seems to be merely a blindly mechanical and literal equivalent.

* is prefixed or affixed to hypothetical forms. Normalised forms of Ags. words which actually exist are not usually so marked.

´ See Note 1 above.

+ = ge-.

± indicates that the Ags. word to which it is prefixed is found both with and without the prefix ge-.

† = occurs in poetical texts only.

‡ = occurs in a poetical text, and once only.

== This sign is used to indicate that the words which it follows, and its compounds, are to be found in the Dictionary under the heading given after it, thus meht == miht is equivalent to meht = miht and meht- = miht-.

The printed book used the symbol . Since this is not readily available, a doubled equals sign == has been substituted.

a. = accusative.

A = Anglian, or, if followed by numerals, Anglia, Zeitschrift für Englische Philologie, Halle, 1877 etc. AB = Anglia Beiblatt.

Æ = Ælfric. (References followed by numerals in parentheses refer to certain Homilies attributed to Ælfric in HL.) If followed by a book of the Bible the reference is to that book in Ælfric de vetere et novo Testamento (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 1).

ÆGr = Ælfric’s Grammatik und Glossar, ed. J. Zupitza, Berlin, 1880.

ÆH = Ælfric’s Homilies, ed. by B. Thorpe, London, 1844-6. (Quoted by vol., page and line.)

ÆL = Ælfric’s Metrical Lives of Saints, ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS), 1881-1900 (3).

ÆP = Ælfric’s Hirtenbriefe (Ælfric’s Pastoral Letters), ed. B. Fehr, Hamburg, 1914 (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 9).

AF = Anglistische Forschungen, ed. J. Hoops, Heidelberg.

Alm = the poem on Alms, in Gr.

An = the poem of Andreas, in Gr; or ed. G. P. Krapp, Boston, U.S.A., 1905 (1).

Andr = the prose legend of St Andrew, in J. W. Bright’s Anglo-Saxon Reader, London, 1892 (1).

ANS = Herrig’s Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen, Brunswick, 1846-1914.

AnT = Analecta Anglo-saxonica by B. Thorpe, London, 1846 (2).

anv. = anomalous verb.

AO = Alfred’s translation of Orosius, ed. H. Sweet (EETS), 1883. (v. also Wfg.)

Ap = the poem of the Fate of the Apostles, in Gr; or included with Andreas in Krapp’s edition (v. An).

APs = the Arundel Psalter, ed. G. Oess (AF vol. 30), Heidelberg, 1910.

ApT = Anglo-Saxon version of Apollonius of Tyre, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1834.

AS = King Alfred’s version of Augustine’s Soliloquies, ed. H. L. Hargrove (Yale Studies in Old English), Boston, U.S.A., 1912 (1). See also Shr.

Az = the poem of Azarias, in Gr.

B = the poem of Beowulf, in Gr; also ed. A. J. Wyatt and R. W. Chambers, Cambridge, 1914 (1); or ed. W. J. Sedgefield, Manchester, 1912 (1); or ed. Harrison and Sharp, Boston, U.S.A., 1888 (1).

Bas = The Admonition of St Basil, ed. H. W. Norman, London, 1840.

BB = Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik, ed. M. Trautmann.

BC = Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. W. de Gray Birch, London, 1883 etc., 3 vols.

Bd = Bede.

BDS = Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, ed. E. Sievers, Leipzig, 1874-1914.

BH = the Anglo-Saxon version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, 2 vols., ed. T. Miller (EETS), 1891-6. (Reference is usually made to the pages in vol. 1 as regards the various readings recorded in vol. 2—not to the pages in the latter vol.)

Bk = Texte und Untersuchungen zur AE Literatur, etc., by R. Brotanek, Halle, 1913.

Bl = The Blickling Homilies, ed. R. Morris (EETS), 1874-80 (1).

BlPs = Blickling Glosses to the Psalms, at the end of Bl.

Bo = King Alfred’s translation of Boethius, with the Metres of Boethius, ed. W. J. Sedgefield, Oxford, 1899 (1).

BPs = die AE Glossen im Bosworth-Psalter, ed. U. Lindelöf (Mémoires de la Soc. néo-philologique à Helsingfors, tom. 5), 1909 (3).

BR = An Anglo-Saxon Reader, ed. J. W. Bright, New York, 1913 or London, 1910 (1).

Br = the poem of Brunanburh, in Gr or †Chr.

BT = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller, Oxford, 1882-98. BTSup. = the Supplement to the above, Part I (A-EORÐ), 1908.

CC = The Crawford Charters, ed. by A. S. Napier and W. H. Stevenson (Anecdota Oxoniensia), Oxford, 1895.

CD = the Codex Diplomaticus, ed. Kemble.

This citation occurs a few times in error for the author’s normal form, KC.

Chr = Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, ed. J. Earle and C. Plummer, Oxford, 1892 (1). The poetical passages are marked †Chr.

CM = the tract ‘de Consuetudine Monachorum,’ in Anglia, vol. 13, pp. 365-454.

Cos = Altwestsächsische Grammatik, by P. J. Cosijn, Haag, 1888.

cp. = compare.

CP = King Alfred’s trans. of Gregory’s Pastoral Care, ed. H. Sweet (EETS), London, 1871.

Cp = the Corpus Glossary, in OET, or in WW (cols. 1-54) or (if the numbers are followed by a letter), in A Latin-Anglo-Saxon Glossary, ed. by J. H. Hessels, Cambridge, 1890 (1).

CPs = Der Cambridge-Psalter, ed. K. Wildhagen, Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 7, Hamburg, 1910. (CHy = Cambridge Hymns in the same vol.) (3)

Cr = the poem of Crist, in Gr.

Cra = the poem of Men’s Crafts, in Gr.

Creat = the poem of the Creation, in Gr.

Ct = Charters, wills and other like documents, as contained in BC, CC, EC, KC and TC.

d. = dative. dp. = dat. pl. ds. = dat. singular; etc.

Da = the poem of Daniel, in Gr; or ed. T. W. Hunt (Exodus and Daniel), Boston, 1885.

DD = the poem ‘Be Dōmes Dæge’ (‘de die judiciæ’), ed. J. R. Lumby (EETS), London, 1876 (1); or in Gr (vol. 2, pp. 250-272).

Deor = the poem of Deor’s Complaint, in Gr and Kl.

DHy = the Durham Hymnarium, ed. J. Stevenson (Surtees Society, vol. 23), London, 1851. (Gl, by H. W. Chapman, Yale Studies, No. 24, Boston, 1905.)

Dom = the poem ‘Be Dōmes Dæge’ from the Exeter Book, in Gr (Vol. 3, pp. 171-4).

DR = the Durham Ritual, ed. T. Stevenson (Surtees Society), London, 1840. Lines of Anglo-Saxon only counted. [Gl by Uno Lindelöf, Bonn, 1901 (BB vol. 9).]

Du. = Dutch.

E = Early.

EC = Land Charters and other Saxonic Documents, ed. John Earle, Oxford, 1888 (3).

EETS = Early English Text Society’s Publications.

EK = Early Kentish.

El = the poem of Elene, in Gr; or ed. Kent, Boston, 1889.

Ep = the Epinal Gloss., in OET.

EPs = Eadwine’s Canterbury Psalter, ed. F. Harsley, EETS, London, 1889. (EHy = Hymns in the same vol.)

Erf = the Erfurt Gloss., in OET.

ES = Englische Studien, Heilbronn and Leipzig, 1876-1914.

EWS = Early West Saxon.

Ex = the poem of Exodus, in Gr or in Hunt’s edition (v. Da). If followed by two kinds of numerals = Exodus in Ælfric de vetere et novo Testamento in the Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, Vol. 1, Cassel, 1872.

exc. = except.

f. = feminine. fp. = fem. plural.

FAp = the poem ‘Fata Apostolorum,’ in Gr.

FBO = Das Benediktiner Offizium, ed. E. Feiler (AF vol. 4), Heidelberg, 1901.

Fin = the poem of Finnsburg, in Gr, and most editions of Beowulf.

FM = The Furnivall Miscellany, Oxford, 1901.

FT = the poem ‘A Father’s Teachings,’ in Gr.

g. = genitive. gs. = gen. singular. gp. = gen. pl.; etc.

G = the Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat, Cambridge, 1871-87. See also LG, NG, RG, WG. (Gl to WG by M. A. Harris, Yale Studies, vol. 6, Boston, 1899.)

GD = Die Dialoge Gregors den Grossen, ed. Hans Hecht (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 5), Cassel, 1900-1907.

Gen = the poem of Genesis, in Gr. If followed by two kinds of numerals = Genesis in Ælfric de vetere et novo testamento (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 1, Cassel, 1872).

Ger. = German.

GK = Grein’s Sprachschatz der Ags. Dichter, revised by Köhler and Holthausen, Heidelberg, 1912. (A complete referenced glossary to Gr.)

Gl = Glossary. Used also as a comprehensive sign for all or any of the extant Anglo-Saxon glosses or glossaries: Cp, Ep, Erf, GPH, HGl, KGl, Ln, OEG, WW etc.

Gn = The Gnomic Verses in Gr. GnE = those in the Exeter Book and GnC those in the Cotton MS. Separate edition also by B. C. Williams, New York, 1914 (1).

GPH = Prudentius Glosses, contributed by A. Holder to Germania, Vierteljahrsschrift für deutsche Altertumskunde, vol. 11 (ns).

Gr = Bibliothek der Angelsächs. Poesie, ed. C. W. M. Grein and revised by R. P. Wülker, Cassel, 1883-98.

Gu = the poem of St Guthlac, in Gr.

Guth = the (prose) Life of St Guthlac, ed. C. W. Goodwin, London, 1848 (pp. 8-98), or ed. P. Gonser (AF vol. 27), Heidelberg, 1909 (pp. 100-176).

Hell = the poem of Hell, in Gr.

Hept = The Heptateuchus, etc., Anglo-Saxonice, ed. Edw. Thwaites, Oxford, 1698.

Hex = The Hexameron of St Basil, ed. H. W. Norman, London, 1849.

HGl = Glosses in (Haupt’s) Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum, vol. 9 (1853).

HL = Homilien und Heiligendleben, ed. B. Assmann, Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 3, Cassel, 1889. v. also Æ and Shr, (3).

Hu = the poem ‘The Husband’s Message,’ in Gr.

Hy = the collection of ‘Hymns’ at the end of most of the Ags. versions of the Psalms. v. the various Psalters (Ps). [The numbering of verses etc. usually follows that in Wildhagen’s Cambridge Psalter (CPs).]

i. = instrumental (case).

IM = ‘Indicia Monasterialia,’ ed. F. Kluge, in Techmer’s Internationale Zeitschrift für allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, vol. 2, Leipzig, 1885.

intr. = intransitive.

JAW = Eigentümlichkeiten des Anglischen Wortschatzes, by R. Jordan (AF vol. 17), Heidelberg, 1906

JGPh = Journal of (English and) Germanic Philology, Urbana, Ill.

Jn = the Gospel of St John. v. G and NG (JnL = Lindisfarne MS; JnR = Rushworth MS, v. LG, RG).

JPs = der Junius-Psalter, ed. E. Brenner (AF vol. 23), Heidelberg, 1909 (JHy = the Hymns in the same vol.).

Jud = the poem of Judith, in Gr, or ed. A. S. Cook, Boston, 1889 (1).

Jul = the poem of Juliana, in Gr.

K = Kentish.

KC = Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici, ed. J. M. Kemble, 6 vols., London, 1839-48.

KGl = Kentish Glosses to the Proverbs of Solomon (= WW 55-88, or, if quoted by number, in Kl).

Kl = Angelsächsisches Lesebuch, by F. Kluge, 3rd edition, Halle, 1902 (2).

KlED = F. Kluge’s Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 7th edition, 1910, or J. F. Davis’ translation, London, 1891.

L. = Latin.

Lcd = Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of the Anglo-Saxons, ed. O. Cockayne, London, 3 vols., Rolls Series, 1864-66 (vol. 2, and pp. 1-80 of vol. 3 are referred to by the folio of the MS, so that the references may also be available for G. Leonhardi’s edition of that part of the Lcd, in the Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 6) (3).

Leas = the poem ‘Be manna lease,’ in Gr.

Leo = Leo’s Angelsächsiches Glossar. Halle, 1877.

Listing added by transcriber; used only in first edition.

LG = the Lindisfarne Gospels, in Skeat’s ed. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels (v. G). (Glossary by A. S. Cook, Halle, 1894.) LRG = Lindisfarne and Rushworth Gospels. v. RG.

Lieb. = F. Liebermann (v. LL).

Lk = the Gospel of St Luke. v. G and NG (LkL = Lindisfarne MS; LkR = Rushworth MS; v. LG, RG).

LL = the Anglo-Saxon Laws, as contained in Liebermann, Schmid or Thorpe. If followed by numerals not in parentheses, or only partially in parentheses, the reference is to ‘Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen,’ by F. Liebermann, 2 vols., Halle, 1903-12 (1); if by numerals entirely in parentheses, to vol. 2 of ‘Ancient Laws and Institutes,’ by B. Thorpe, 2 vols., London, 1840 (3).

Ln = the Leiden Glossary, ed. J. H. Hessels, Cambridge, 1906 (1).

Lor = the Lorica Hymn, in Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler, by G. Leonhardi (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 6), Hamburg, 1905.

LPs = Der Lambeth-Psalter, ed. U. Lindelöf, Acta Soc. Sc. Fennicae, vol. 35, Helsingfors, 1909 (1). (LHy = the Hymns in the same vol.)

LWS = Late West Saxon.

LV = Leofric’s Vision, ed. A. S. Napier, in the Transactions of the Philological Society for 1907-10, pp. 180-188.

M = Mercian.

m. = masculine. ms., mp., etc. = masc. sing., masc. plur., etc.

Ma = the poem of the Battle of Maldon, in Gr, also in Br, Kl or Sweet’s Anglo-Saxon Reader, Oxford.

Mdf = Altenglisches Flurnamenbuch, by H. Middendorff, Halle, 1902. [See Preface.]

Men = the Menologium, at the end of Chr.

Met = the Metres of Boethius; v. Bo.

MF = Festschrift für L. Morsbach (Studien zur Eng. Philologie, vol. 50), Halle, 1913.

MFH = Homilies in MF, ed. Max Förster.

MH = An Old English Martyrology, ed. G. Herzfeld (EETS), London, 1900. See also Shr.

MHG. = Middle High German.

Listing added by transcriber.

Mk = the Gospel of St Mark; v. G and NG. (MkL = Lindisfarne MS; MkR = Rushworth MS of St Mark; v. LG, RG.)

MLA = Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Baltimore.

MLN = Modern Language Notes, Baltimore, 1886-1914.

Mod = the poem ‘Bi Manna Mōd,’ in Gr.

MP = Modern Philology, Chicago, 1903-1914.

Mt = the Gospel of St Matthew; v. G and NG. (MtL = Lindisfarne MS; MtR = Rushworth MS of St Matthew; v. LG, RG.)

n. = nominative, or neuter, or note. (np., nap., etc. = nom. plural, nom. and acc. plur., etc.)

N = Northumbrian.

Nar = Narratiunculae, ed. O. Cockayne, London, 1861.

NC = Contributions to Old English Lexicography by A. Napier, in the Philological Society’s Transactions for 1903-1906, London (mostly late texts).

NED = the New English Dictionary, ed. Sir J. A. H. Murray and others, Oxford, 1888-1915. (See Preface, and Note 1.)

neg. = negative.

NG = the Northumbrian Gospels, contained in Skeat’s edition (v. G, LG, RG).

Nic = the Gospel of Nicodemus, in Hept; or in MLA 13·456-541. (The references to passages are always to the latter edition.)

NR = The Legend of the Cross (Rood-tree), ed. A. S. Napier, EETS, London, 1894.

obl. = oblique.

occl. = occasional, occasionally.

OEG = Old English Glosses, ed. A. Napier (Anecdota Oxoniensia), Oxford, 1900 (1).

OET = The Oldest English Texts, ed. H. Sweet, EETS, 1885 (1).

OF. = Old French.

Rare, but always “OFr.” in text.

OHG. = Old High German.

ON. = Old Norse.

OS. = Old Saxon.

p. = page, or plural.

Pa = the poem of the Panther, in Gr.

Part = the poem of the Partridge, in Gr.

Ph = the poem of the Phoenix, in Gr or BR.

pl. = plural.

PPs = the Paris Psalter, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1835. The prose portion (Psalms 1-50) also ed. Bright and Ramsay, Belles Lettres Series, Boston, 1907, and the remainder (verse portion) in Gr.

Ps = any one or more of the Anglo-Saxon Psalters. [NB. In the numbering of the Psalms, the Authorised Version is usually one ahead of the MSS.] v. A, B, C, E, J, L, R, S and VPs; also Hy.

The occasional form Pss was retained. It may be either an error for Ps or short for “several Psalters”. In the one OED reference, two Psalters are quoted.

PST = Philological Society’s Transactions (v. also LV and NC).

QF = Mone, Quellen u. Forschungen zur Geschichte der teutschen Lit. u. Sprache, Aachen und Leipzig, 1830.

RB = der Benedictinregel, ed. A. Schröer, Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 2, Cassel, 1885-8 (3).

RBL = the Anglo-Saxon and Latin Rule of St Benet (Interlinear Glosses), ed. H. Logeman, EETS, London, 1888.

Rd = The Riddles of the Exeter Book, in Gr, or ed. F. Tupper Junr., Boston, 1910 (1).

RG = the Rushworth Gospels, in Skeat’s ed. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels (v. G). Mt (all), Mk 1-2¹⁵ and Jn 18^1-3 are in a Mercian dialect, and are usually known as R¹; the rest (R²) is in a Northumbrian dialect (v. also LG). Glossary to R¹ by Ernst Schulte, Bonn, 1904; to R² by U. Lindelöf, Helsingfors, 1897.

Rim = the Riming Poem, in Gr.

Listing added by transcriber. The Riming Poem is included in Grein along with many other texts from its original source, the Exeter MS.

Rood = the poem ‘Dream of the Rood,’ in Gr.

RPs = der Regius-Psalter, ed. F. Roeder (Studien in Eng. Philologie, vol. 18), Halle, 1904. (RHy = the Hymns in the same vol.)

RSL = Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, London.

Ruin = the poem of the Ruin, in Gr.

Run = the Rune-poem, in Gr.

s. = strong; also = singular. sv. = strong verb. swv. = strong-weak verb.

Sat = the poem ‘Christ and Satan,’ in Gr.

sb. = substantive.

Sc = Defensor’s Liber Scintillarum, ed. E. Rhodes, EETS, London, 1889 (3).

Seaf = the poem of the Seafarer, in Gr.

sg. = singular.

Shr = the Shrine by O. Cockayne, London, 1864-70 [pp. 29-33 and 46-156 = MH; pp. 35-44 = HL pp. 199-207; pp. 163-204 = AS].

SHy = Surtees Hymnarium = DHy.

SkED = An Etymological English Dictionary by W. W. Skeat, Oxford, 1910.

Sol = the poem Solomon and Saturn, in Gr (if in italics, the reference is sometimes to the prose version, ed. J. M. Kemble).

Soul = the poem of the Soul, in Gr.

SPs = Psalterium Davidis Latino-Saxonicum, ed. J. Spelman, London, 1640. (Stowe MS, but includes marginal readings from APs, CPs and EPs.)

Swt. = The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon by H. Sweet, Oxford, 1897.

TC = Diplomatarium Ævi Saxonici, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1865 (3).

tr. = transitive.

usu. = usual, usually.

v. = vide, or very.

v.l. = varia lectio.

VPs = the Vespasian Psalter, as contained in OET (1). [VHy = Hymns at the end of the Psalter.] Glossary also by Conrad Grimm (AF, vol. 18), Heidelberg, 1906.

V²Ps = Psalter-Glosses in Cotton Vitellius E 18 (noted by Wildhagen in CPs).

w. = with.

W = (I) Wulfstan’s Homilies, ed. A. Napier, Berlin, 1883. Glossary by L. H. Dodd, New York, 1908. (II) West Saxon.

Wa = the poem of the Wanderer, in Gr.

Wald = the poem of Waldhere, in Gr.

Wfg = die Syntax in den Werken Alfreds, by J. E. Wülfing, Bonn, 1894-1901 (copious material, and indexes to words in AO, BH, Bo, CP, AS, PPs, etc.).

WG = West Saxon Gospels (v. G).

Whale = the poem of the Whale, in Gr.

Wid = the poem of Widsith, in Gr, or ed. R. F. Chambers, Cambridge, 1912.

Wif = the poem of ‘the Wife’s Complaint,’ in Gr.

WS = West Saxon.

Wt = An Old English Grammar by J. and E. M. Wright, 2nd edition, Oxford, 1914.

WW = Old English Vocabularies, ed. by T. Wright and R. P. Wülker, London, 1884. Cols. 1-54 = Cp; 55-88 = KGl; pp. 89-103 = Colloq. Monast. in NED.

Wy = the poem ‘Be manna wyrdum’ in Gr.

ZDA = Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum, Leipzig and Berlin, 1853-1914.

ZDPh = Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie, Halle, 1869-1914.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

This section is included for completeness. All changes have been made in the text. Corrections are marked with mouse-hover popups, while additions are shown as outlined words or paragraphs.

ābrytan...SPs should be ābrȳtan...EPs.

ācweorran: for SPs read ELPs.

æfest: for Ei read El.

æfgerefa: for LkL 12⁴² read LkL 12⁵⁸.

æfterlēan: add Gen 76.

ælmesfeoh: add LL.

ærendung: add RB.

æscwiga: for ‡ read †.

āfaran: add Da 6.

āgniend: possession should be possessor.

āgniendlīc should be āgniendlic.

āgryndan: add Men 111.

āhwylfan: add to roll to MP 1·592.

antemnere, antifonere (ÆP 154⁶) = antefnere.

āsanian: add LV 57.

āsprēadan: for CSPs read EPs.

āstīgnes: for SPs read EPs.

ātilian should be ātillan.

ātlēag: add EC 448⁹.

ātorgeblǣd n. swelling caused by poison, Lcd 162b.

āðecgan: add oppress? (Tupper) Rd 1^2,7.

āðynnian: for VHy read DHy 8¹⁰.

āwarnian: read (APs) = āswārnian.

+bearded having a beard, GD 279¹⁴.

besārgung: strike out sorrowing, VHy.

besceawere: for VHy read DHy 24¹⁵.

besencan: add plunge into (fire), GD 317.

bīegan: add +bȳged bowed down, infirm, Nic 471²⁹.

blīðe: add (+b. occurs at Guth 161⁹).

crūc: add LV 74.

cwēme- = cwēm-

+dal n. part, GD 311¹¹.

dalmatice: omit ? and add GD 329³⁴.

+drēog II.: add gentle (horse), GD 78¹².

ēðian should be ±ēðian.

+fadung: add rule, dominion.

fǣmne(n)dlic (GD) = fǣmnhādlic

fǣrærning f. quick marching, GD 14²⁴.

fæsting f. read commendation, trust, guardianship, GD 239¹⁵; LL 58[17].

fæstnung: add exhortation, MkL p2⁵: monument, MtL p5⁴; Mk 5⁵.

fantbletsung f. consecration of water for baptism, ÆP 188¹².

feohtling: add MP 1·610.

ferhtlic: add PPs 95¹⁰.

feriend: add Sol 80.

flogettan: substitute to fly, flutter, Sc; GD 100¹⁹.

folclic: add worldly, secular, GD 209¹³.

fordēmednes: add GD 345³.

forecweden aforesaid, GD 12; 344.

forehūs: add LV 33.

forewītung should be forewitung.

forlætednes (GD 227¹⁶) = forlætennes

forrǣda? m. traitor, plotter, MP 1·592.

forsegenlic (GD 233²¹) = forsewenlic

forðfromung: for CSVPs read CVPs.

forðman: add NC 289.

forððēon to profit (‘proficere’), GD 200.

fullfremed: add -līce after adv.

fullhāl thoroughly well, GD 248¹.

fyrdgestealla, fyrdgetrum: add †.

+gang: add passage (lapse) of time, GD 179¹⁰.

geadrung f. text, MtL p8¹⁷.

geancyme: delete second line of article.

gearowyrdig: add Mod 51.

gēodæd: add †.

geondflōwende ebbing and flowing, OEG 2363.

geondlācan: add Ph 70.

geondsendan: omit †.

gest-: for gǣst- read gæst-

giestran: add Rd 41⁴⁴.

glæsfæt: add GD 10¹⁶.

glōmung: for VHy read DHy; GD.

godwebben: add GD 176¹.

hæftnīednes: add GD 346²².

±hæftnīedan should be +hæftnīedan.

hālettan should be ±hālettan.

heals-iendlic, -igendlic: for SPs 89¹³ read APs 89¹³: imploring, GD 17²³.

hellegæst: strike out †.

hellegeat: add MP 1·610.

hellestōw f. infernal region, hell, GD 332¹⁰.

hīwcuðlic: add familiar, GD 32.

hnep (GD 186²⁷) = hnæpp

horsðegn: add muleteer, GD 191²³.

hrēðnes: add ÆP 136²³.

hūselbox receptacle of the host, ÆP 178⁶.

hwīlsticce: add GD 254²⁴.

+hyldelic secure, safe, GD 348¹⁰.

+īeðan: add compassionate, GD 216(ȳ).

Additional references to the NED:—bebod ‘bibod’; belūcan ‘belouke’; cempa ‘kemp’; cennan ‘ken’; clipung ‘cleping’; cnæpp ‘knap’; dihtere ‘dighter’; draca ‘drake’; dysgian ‘dizzy’; fǣcne ‘faken’; forhogian ‘forhow’; forwiernan ‘forwarn’; gafol ‘gavel’; glēaw ‘glew’; heonon ‘hen’; hlēo ‘lee’; hliehhan ‘laugh’; hrēof ‘reof’; hryre ‘rure’; huru ‘hure’; ierre ‘irre’; lūtan ‘lout’

A

a prep. [= on] on, at, in, to, for.

ā I. (āwa, ō) adv. always, ever, at all, continuously, for ever, Æ, AO, CP. ā on ēcnisse; ā butan ende world without end: at any time: in any degree. [ON. ei, ey]

II. f. = ǣ

ā- (unemphatic verbal prefix); I. orig. = forth, away, but as a rule only intensitive in meaning.

II. = on-

III. ym(b)-

IV. = ā (I.) in pronouns and participles, and gives a sense of indefiniteness.

V. = ǣ-

āǣlan = onǣlan

āǣðan = āīeðan

āb = ōweb

ābacan⁶ to bake, ÆH 2·268⁹.

ābǣdan to compel, restrain, ward off: exact, take toll: force out, extract.

ābæligan = ǣbylgan

ābǣran to disclose, bring to light, DD 41.

ābære (W 274²⁴) = ǣbære

ābærnan = onbærnan

abal (Gen 500) = afol

ābannan⁷ to summon, convoke, command: announce, proclaim. ā. ūt call out, assemble, Chr. [‘abanne’]

ābarian to lay bare, disclose.

abbad, abbod, abbot == abbud

abbud (a, o) m. ‘abbot,’ BH, Chr; Æ. [L. abbatem]

abbuddōm m. abbatial jurisdiction, BH.

abbudesse f. abbess, Chr.

abbudhād m. abbatial rank, dignity, LL.

abbudlēast f. lack of an abbot, BC 1·155´.

abbudrīce (o) n. abbey, abbacy, office or jurisdiction of an abbot (used even of a convent of nuns).

ābēatan⁷ to beat, strike, break to pieces, make to fall, Cr. [‘abeat’]

ābēcēdē f. ABC, alphabet.

ābedecian (eðe-) to get by begging or asking, Bo 71¹².

abedisse = abbudesse

ābēgan = ābȳgan

ābelgan³ to make angry, irritate, offend, Sol; Æ, AO, CP: hurt, distress: be angry with. [‘abelgen’]

ābēodan² to order, proclaim, bid, command, direct: summon, call out: announce, relate, declare, present, offer, AO; Æ. hǣl ā. to wish one good luck, greet, bid farewell to. [‘abede’]

ābeofian = ābifian

ābēogan = ābūgan

ābeornan³ to take fire, PPs 105¹⁶.

ābēowan (WW 217⁴⁶) = ābȳwan

āberan⁴ to bear, carry: endure, suffer, Mt, Bo; Æ, CP: bear (a child), Æ: take away, remove: reveal: (refl.) restrain oneself: do without, NC 268.

ā-berd, -bered crafty, cunning.

āberendlic bearable.

ābernan (N) = ābeornan

āberstan³ to burst out, break out, Æ, CP: break away, escape. ūt ā. break out.

ābeðecian = ābedecian

ābicgan = ābycgan

ābīdan¹ to ‘abide,’ wait, remain, delay, remain behind, AO: survive: wait for, await, Æ: expect, Mt 11³.

ābiddan⁵ to ask for, request, require, demand, pray, pray to, pray for, Æ: get by asking, obtain, Æ, AO, CP: call out (an army).

ābifian (eo) to tremble, quake, shake.

ābilgð, ābilhð = ǣbylgð

ābiran = āberan

ābiring = ābyrging

ābisg-, ābiseg- = ābysg-

ābītan¹ to bite in pieces, tear to pieces, devour, gnaw, Æ, AO: taste, partake of, consume.

ābit(e)rian to turn bitter, CP 341²⁴: embitter.

ābitt = ābit

ābītt = ābīt

The first edition gives “ābit” as a form of ābiddan, “ābīt” as a form of ābīdan or ābītan.

āblācian to become pale, grow faint: become tarnished, CP 135².

āblǣcan to bleach, whiten, BJPs 50⁹.

āblǣcnes f. pallor, gloom, Lcd 1·294.

āblǣcung f. pallor, HGl 518.

āblǣst inspired, furious.

āblāwan¹ to blow, blow away, breathe upon, Æ: puff up, swell, Lcd 93b. [‘ablow’]

āblāw-nes, -ung f. inflation, Lcd.

āblegned ulcerated, Lcd.

āblendan to blind, put out the eyes of, Æ, CP: dazzle, deceive, delude, Æ. [‘ablend’]

āblēred bare, uncovered, bald. [blēre]

āblīcan¹ to shine, glitter.

āblicgan = āblycgan

āblignes = ǣbylgnes

āblindan to make blind, Bl 151⁴.

āblindian = āblendan

āblinnan³ to cease, leave off, desist, Æ, AO, CP.

āblinnednes f. cessation, interruption, A 5·465.

āblinnendlīce indefatigably, HGl 429³².

āblinnendnes = āblinnednes

āblisian (Æ) = āblysian

āblissian to make glad, please, GD 335n.

āblongen = ābolgen, pp. of ābelgan.

āblycgan (i) to grow pale, Æ: make afraid.

āblynnan = āblinnan

āblysian to blush.

āblysung f. blushing, shame, RB 133¹¹.

ābodian to announce, proclaim, LkR 12³.

ābolgennes f. irritation, WW 230¹⁹.

āborgian to be surety for, LL: (w. æt) borrow.

āborian = ābarian

ābracian to engrave, emboss.

ābrǣdan I. to spread out, dilate: stretch out, Æ.

II. bake, Lcd 44a.

ābraslian to crash, crackle, GD 236¹².

ābrēac pret. 3 sg. of ābrūcan.

ābrēat pret. 3 sg. of ābrēotan.

ābrecan⁴ to break, break to pieces, break down, conquer, capture, violate, destroy, Æ, AO, CP: break away from.

ābrēdan³ to move quickly, draw, unsheath, wench, pull out, Mt: withdraw, take away, draw back, free from, Æ, AO. ūp ābroden drawn up, raised up: start up, awake. [‘abraid’]

ābredwian to lay low, kill, B 2619.

ābrēgan to alarm, terrify.

ābregdan = ābrēdan

ābrēotan² to destroy, kill.

ābrēotnes f. extermination, OET 182.

ābrēoðan² (intr.) to fail, decay, deteriorate, perish, be destroyed, Ma; Æ. ābroðen (pp.) degenerate, reprobate, ÆGr. (tr. and wk.) destroy. [v. ‘brethe’]

ābrerd- = onbryrd-

ābroðennes f. baseness, cowardice, W.

ābrūcan³ to eat, A 11·1¹⁷.

ābryrd- = onbryrd-

ābrȳtan to destroy, EPs 36⁹.

ābūfan (= on-) adv. above, Chr 1090e.

ābūgan² (= on-) to bow, incline, bend, submit, do reverence, B, ChrL; Æ: swerve, turn (to or from), deviate, CP: withdraw, retire: be bent or turned, turn one’s self. [‘abow’]

ābunden unimpeded.

ābūrod not inhabited, TC 162²⁸.

ābūtan, -būten, -būton. I. prep. acc. on, about, around, on the outside, round about, CP, ChrL, Æ.

II. adv. about, nearly, ChrC. [= onbūtan; ‘about’]

ābycgan to buy, pay for, requite: redeem: perform, execute.

ābyffan to mutter, WW 447²⁴.

ābȳgan (ē) to bend, deflect: subdue, bring low: convert.

ābȳgendlic v. un-ā.

ābylg-, ābylig- = ǣbylg-

ā-byrgan, -byrian to taste, eat.

ābyrging (-iri-) f. taste.

ābysgian to busy, occupy, employ: engage in, undertake: take up, fill, GD.

ābysgung f. occupation: trouble.

ābȳwan (ēo) to rub off, polish, cleanse, purify.

ac I. conj. but: but also, moreover, nevertheless, however: because, for (?): and (?), An 569. ac gif unless, except, Bl 151. [Goth. ak]

II. interrog. particle, why, wherefore, whether: in direct questions = L. nonne, numquid.

āc f. gds. and np. ǣc ‘oak,’ Æ, Ct, Lcd; Mdf: (‡) ship of oak: (w. nap. ācas) name of the rune for a. [OHG. eih]

ācǣgan = ācīgan

ācǣglod ‘serratus,’ Nar 20²⁶.

ācænn- = ācenn-

ācærran = ācirran

ācalan⁶ to become frost-bitten, Lcd 2b.

acan⁶ to ‘ache,’ suffer pain, Æ.

acas, acase f. (NG) = æcs

ācbēam m. oak-tree.

accent m. accent. [L.]

accutian ?= ācunnian

āccynn n. a kind of oak, WW 430⁶.

ācdrenc m. oak drink, drink made from acorns?, WW.

ace = ece

ācealdian to become cold, Æ, CP. [‘acold’]

ācēapian to buy off, buy out.

ācēlan to cool off, still, quiet, Met. [‘akele’]

ācelma = ǣcelma

ācen = ǣcen

ācennan to bring forth, produce, renew, Bo, WG; Æ: attribute to. [‘akenne(d)’]

ācennedlic ‘genuinus,’ native, OEG.

ācennednes (WG; Æ), -cennes (CP, NG; AO) f. birth. [‘akenn(ed)nes’]

ācennend m. parent, DR 197¹¹.

ācennicge f. mother, DR.

ācenning f. birth, Bk 16.

ācēocian (tr.) to choke: (intr.) burn out.

ācēocung f. ‘ruminatio,’ WW 179².

āceorfan³ to cut off, hew down, AO, CP. onweg ā. to cut away. of ā. to cut off, AO.

ācēosan² to choose, AO, CP.

acer = æcer

ācerr- = ācirr-

ācīgan to call, summon.

ācirran (e, y) (tr.) to turn, turn away or aside: (intr.) turn oneself, go, return.

ācirrednes v. onweg-ā.

ācl = ācol

āclǣc == āglǣc

āclǣnsian to cleanse, purify, Æ.

āclēaf n. oak leaf, Lcd.

āclēofan² to cleave, EC 351¹⁰.

ācleopian to call out, WW 378⁵.

+āclian † to frighten, excite. [ācol]

āclungen contracted, WW 239³⁷. [clingan]

ācmelu n. acorn meal, Lcd.

ācmistel f. mistletoe, Lcd.

ācn- = ēacn-

ācnāwan¹ to know, recognise, understand.

ācnyssan to drive out, expel, SPs 35¹³.

ācofrian to recover, Lcd. [‘acover’]

ācol † affrighted, dismayed.

ācōlian to grow cold, CP.

ācolitus m. acolyte, LL [L.].

ācolmōd † fearful minded, timid.

+ācolmōdian to cast down, sadden, WW 209¹⁶. [ācol]

ācordian to make terms, reconcile, Chr 1120.

ācorenlic eligible, worthy of choice, CP 409³⁶.

ācostnian to try, test, prove, CM, WW.

ācræftan to think out, devise, AO 46²⁹.

ācrammian to cram, WW 236¹⁰.

ācrēopian to creep, crawl, Æ.

ācrimman³ (y) to cram, stuff, WW.

ācrind f. oak bark, Lcd.

ācrummen pp. of ācrimman.

acs = æx

ācs- = āsc-

acse = asce

āctān m. oak-twig, Lcd.

āctrēo n. oak-tree, Wif 28³⁶.

ācucian (Æ) = ācwician

ācul = ācol

ācuma (Æ) = ācumba

ācuman⁴ to come, come forth (from), Æ: bear, bring: endure, withstand, Æ: get to or from, reach, Gen. [‘acome’]

ācum-ba m., -be fn. ‘oakum,’ hards, tow, Lcd, OEG, WW: ashes of oakum: parings, clippings. [cemban]

ācumendlic tolerable, Æ: possible.

ācumendlīcnes f. possibility.

ācunnan (NG) = oncunnan

ācunnian to try, test, prove: experience, CP.

ācunnung f. experience, trial, GD.

ācusan to accuse, MtL 12¹⁰ [L.].

ācwacian to tremble.

ācwæncan = ācwencan

ācweccan (tr.) to move, swing, shake, vibrate, Ma; Æ: (intr.) quiver, Æ. [‘aquetch’]

ācwelan⁴ to die, perish, Æ, AO, CP.

ācwellan to kill, destroy, JnL; Æ, AO, CP. [‘aquell’]

ācwellednes (eæ²) f. slaughter, EPs 43²².

ācwencan to quench, extinguish, Mt; AO. [‘aquench’]

ācweorna m. squirrel, Gl. [‘aquerne’]

ācweorran³ to guzzle, gorge, ELPs 77⁷¹.

ācwern = ācweorna

ācwerren = ācworren pp. of ācweorran.

ācweðan⁵ to say, speak out, declare, utter, express, answer, Gen: reject, banish, Gen 304. [‘acweath’]

ācwician (tr.) to quicken, vivify, Ps: (intr.) revive, BH. [‘aquick’]

ācwīnan¹ to dwindle away, disappear, go out (of fire), BH, LPs.

ācwincan³ to vanish, be extinguished or eclipsed.

ā-cwucian, -cwycian = ācwician

ācwudu m. an oak wood, KC 6·218¹⁹.

ācwylan = ācwelan

ācwylman to kill, slay.

ācwylmian to be tormented, W 220⁵.

ācwyncan = ācwencan

ācynned = ācenned pp. of ācennan.

ācyrr- = ācirr-

ācȳðan to show, proclaim, reveal, announce, confirm, prove.

ād mn. heap, funeral pile, pyre: fire, flame. [OHG. eit]

ādǣlan to divide, separate.

ādēadian to fail, decay, mortify, become torpid or callous, Æ.

ādēafian to became deaf, WW 179²⁵.

ādēafung f. deafening, making deaf, Lcd. [v. ‘adeave’]

ādel I. = ādl.

II. = ādela

ādela m. mud, dirt, filth, filthy place, Æ. [‘addle’]

ādelfan³ to delve, dig, excavate, Æ, AO, CP.

ādeliht filthy, WW.

ādelsēað m. sewer, sink, Æ.

ādēman to judge, try, deprive of or exclude from by a legal decision: try, afflict.

ādeorcian to become dull, obscure, tarnished, CP: grow dark, W.

āderian to hurt, GD 219¹⁹.

adesa m., adese f. ‘adze,’ hatchet, BH, W.

ādexe = āðexe

ād-faru f. ds. -fære way or path to the funeral pile, B 3010.

ādfini n. limit? ash-heap of a beacon? EC 354⁵.

ādfȳr n. sacrificial fire, Ex 398.

+ādgian = +ēadgian

ādihtan to compose, write.

ādihtian to regulate, arrange, order, CP.

ā-dīlegian, -dīl(i)gian (ȳ) to destroy, blot out, annihilate, devastate, CP.

ādimmian to become dim or dull, to darken, obscure, CP.

ādl fn., ādle f. disease, infirmity, sickness, AO, CP.

ādlēg m. flame of the funeral pile, Ph 222.

±ādlian to be diseased or ill, languish, Æ: cause disease, DR.

ādlig sick, diseased, Æ.

ādliga m. sick person

ādliht = ādeliht

ādloma m. one crippled by fire, Gu 884. [lama?]

ādlsēoc sick of a contagious disease, ES 39·322.

ādl-ðracu ‡ f. gs. -ðræce force of disease.

ādlung f. illness, ÆH 1·122³¹.

ādlwērig weary from illness, Gu 981.

ādōn (for conj. v. dōn) to take away, send away: cast out, expel, destroy: (w. preps. to, on, from, etc.) put, place, take, remove, set free, AO, CP.

adosa = adesa

ādrǣdan = ondrǣdan

ādrǣfan to drive away, shut out, expel, AO, CP. [‘adreve’]

ādrǣnct = ādrenced pp. of ādrencan.

ādragan⁶ to draw (sword), HL 15³⁵⁶.

ādrēfan = ādrǣfan

adreminte f. feverfew.

ādrencan to submerge, immerse, drown, AO. [‘adrench’]

ādrēogan² to act, perform, do, practise, Æ: bear, suffer, endure, An; CP: pass time, live, Æ. [‘adree’]

ādrēogendlic bearable.

ādrēohan = ādrēogan

ādrēopan² to drip, drop, An.

ādrēosan² to fall to pieces, decline, vanish, fail.

ādrīfan¹ to drive, drive away, drive out, pursue, follow up, LL; Æ, AO, CP: stake out (a ford): chase (metal), Æ. [‘adrive’]

ādrīgan = ādrȳgan

ādrincan³ be drowned, extinguished, BH; AO. [‘adrink’]

ādrūgian, ādrūwian (Mt, Æ) to dry up. [‘adroughe’]

ādrȳgan (ī) to become dry, dry up, wither, CP: dry, wipe dry.

ādrysnan to extinguish, repress, NG.

adsa = adesa

adulsēað = adelsēað

ādumbian to become dumb, keep silence, Mk; Æ. [v. ‘dumb’ vb.]

a-dūn, -dūna, -dūne adv. down, downward, Æ. [= ofdūne]

adūne(ā)stīgan to descend, CPs.

adūnfeallan to fall down, EPs 144¹⁴.

adūnweard adv. downwards, ChrL. [‘a-downward’]

ādūstrigan = andūstrian

ādwǣscan (ē) to put out, quench, extinguish, blot out, destroy, AO: suppress, Æ, CP.

ā-dwelian to wander, stray.

ādwellan, pret. 3 sg. -dwealde to seduce, lead astray: hinder, Æ.

ādwēscan = ādwǣscan

ādwīnan¹ to dwindle or waste away.

ādȳdan to destroy, mortify, kill, Æ. [‘adeaden’]

ādȳfan to overpower with sound.

ādylf = ādealf pret. of ādelfan.

ādȳlgian, ādȳlegian = ādīlegian

ādymman = ādimmian

ādysgian to make foolish, W 185¹².

ǣ- accented verbal prefix, = (1) without; (2) ā-.

ǣ I. f. also ǣw f. (and m. or n.? in NG) law (divine or human), custom, covenant, AO, CP; WG, NG. butan ǣ outlaw: (esp. in pl.) rite, ceremony: faith, religion. unrihte ǣ false religion. Crīstes ǣ gospel: scriptures, revelation: marriage, Æ: (lawful) wife. For some comps. v. ǣw-. [‘æ’]

II. = ēa I.

III. interj. oh! alas!

ǣa I. = ēa I.

II. gp. of ǣ.

æal- = eal-

ǣalā interj. = ēalā

ǣar- = ēar-

āeargian to become remiss, AO 212²⁰.

ǣbǣre (ē LL) manifest, notorious, public, open, evident, clear. [‘eber’]

āebbian to ebb away, recede, Chr.

æbbung (= ebb-) f. ‘ebbing.’ sǣ æ. gulf, bay, WW 154

ǣbebod n. injunction of the law, command, PPs 118¹⁰².

ǣbēc fp. books of the law, WW 439¹⁵.

ǣbēre = ǣbǣre

ǣbesn = ǣfesn

ǣbilg-, -bili(g)- = ǣbylg-

ǣblǣc- = āblǣc-

ǣblǣce lustreless, pale, pallid.

ǣbod m. business, Æ: statute.

ǣboda m. messenger, preacher, Gu 909.

ǣbræce = ǣwbræce

ǣbreca = ǣwbreca

ǣbrecð f. sacrilege, LPs.

ǣbrucol sacrilegious, GPH 402.

æbs f? fir-tree, Æ. [L. abies]

ǣbylg n. = ǣbylgð

ǣbylga m. anger, LPs 77⁴⁹.

±ǣbylgan, -byli(g)an to make angry, offend, Æ.

ǣbylgnes f. anger, offence, Æ.

ǣbylgð, -bylgðu f. anger, AO.

ǣbylig- = ǣbylg-

ǣ-bylð, -bylygð = ǣbylgð

ǣc I. f. = āc.

II. (N) = ēac

ǣcambe f. = ācumbe

ǣcan = īecan

æccyrn = æcern

æce = ece

ǣce = ēce

æced = eced

æcedwīn n. wine mingled with myrrh, MkL 15²³.

ǣcēlan = ācēlan

ǣcelma m. chilblain, OEG, WW.

ǣcelmehte (ecil-) having chilblains, OEG 1523.

ǣcen I. a wood of oaks.

II. oaken, WW 270¹⁴.

III. = ēacen pp. of ēacan.

æcer nap. æcras m. field, sown land, cultivated land, Mt; Æ, AO, CP; Mdf: a certain quantity of land, ‘acre,’ Æ; v. LL 2·267: crop.

æcerceorl m. countryman, farmer, NC 268.

æceren = æcern

æcerhege m. hedge of a field, KC 3·33².

æcermǣlum by acres, KC 6·98⁵.

æcermann m. farmer, WW. [‘acreman’]

æcern n. nut, mast of tree, Æ (i²): ‘acorn,’ WW.

æcernspranca m. ‘ilex,’ oak sapling? ÆGr 69¹⁵.

æcersǣd n. seed enough for an acre? Chr 1124.

æcerteoðung f. tithe of the produce of the soil, W 310²⁴.

æcertȳning f. fencing, EC 377⁹.

æcerweorc n. field-work, GPH 391.

æces = æx

æcest, æceð pres. 2 and 3 sg. of acan.

ǣcilma = ǣcelma

æcirn = æcern

ǣclǣca = āglǣca

ǣclēaw = ǣglēaw

ǣcnōsle degenerate, not noble, WW.

+ǣcnōsliende degenerating, WW 218¹².

ǣcræft † m. knowledge of law or ordinances, religion.

ǣcræftig learned in the law; as sb. = lawyer, scribe, Pharisee.

æcras v. æcer.

æcren = æcern

æcs f. ‘axe,’ pickaxe, hatchet, CP; Mt (æx).

æcst, æcð pres. 2 and 3 sg. of acan.

ǣcumba = ācumba

æcur = æcer

æcyrf m. (wood-)choppings, BH 224¹⁵.

æd (NG) = æt

æd- = ed-

ædderseax (WW) = ǣdreseax

æddre, ǣdr = ǣdre

ǣdre I. f. artery, vein, pulse, nerve, sinew, B; AO: pl. veins, kidneys: runlet of water, fountain, spring, stream. [‘eddre’]

II. adv. at once, directly, instantly, quickly: (†) fully, entirely. [OS. ādro]

ǣdreseax (der) n. lancet, WW 410¹⁰.

ǣdreweg m. artery, vein.

ǣdrīfan = ādrīfan

ædwist = edwist

æfæst = æfest

ǣfæst = ǣwfæst

æfdæll -dell (NG) = ofdæle

æfdȳne m. declivity, Gl.

ǣfelle without skin, peeled, WW 190³¹.

æfen = efen

ǣfen (ē) nm. ‘even,’ evening, eventide, B, MkL, Gu (ēfn). tō ǣfenes till evening: eve, RB.

ǣfencollatio the ‘collatio’ read before compline, NC 268.

ǣfendrēam m. even-song, RB.

ǣfengebed n. evening service, WW 129³⁴.

ǣfengereord n. evening meal, supper (often used in pl. of one meal).

ǣfengereordian to sup, give supper to, CM 1030.

ǣfengereordung f. supper, NC 269.

ǣfengeweorc n. evening work, Lcd 70b.

ǣfen-giefl, -gifl n. evening repast, supper, AO, CP.

ǣfen-glōm, -glōma m., -glōmung (omm-, eom-) f. gloaming, twilight.

ǣfengrom fierce at eve, B 2074.

æfenian = æfnian

ǣfenlāc n. evening sacrifice, evening prayer, PPs 140³.

ǣfenlǣcan to grow towards evening, Lk 24²⁹.

ǣfenlēoht n. evening light, B 403.

ǣfenleoð † n. evening song.

ǣfenlic of the evening; adv. -līce.

ǣfenlof n. lauds (service), CM 1035.

ǣfenmete m. supper.

ǣfenoffrung f. evening sacrifice, NC 269.

ǣfenrǣding f. reading (during the evening meal at a monastery), ‘collatio,’ CM.

ǣfenrepsung f. nightfall, Æ.

ǣfen-rest, -ræst † f. evening rest.

ǣfensang m. ‘evensong,’ Æ, RB.

ǣfensceop m. evening singer, bard, Rd 9⁵. [scop]

ǣfenscīma m. evening splendour, Gen 2448.

ǣfensprǣc f. evening talk, B 759.

ǣfensteorra m. the evening star, Hesperus, Bo; Æ. [‘evenstar’]

ǣfen-tīd f., -tima m. eventide, Æ.

ǣfenðēnung f. evening service: evening repast, supper.

ǣfenðēowdōm m. evening service or office, WW 129³⁴.

ǣfenung = ǣfnung

ǣfer = ǣfre

æferðe f. name of a plant, Lcd.

æfes- = efes-

æfesa ? m., æfese (m.) f. = æfesn

æfesn, æfesen f. relish, dainty, special pasturage, pannage; the charge for special pasturage, LL.

æfesne ?= æpsen?

æfest mf. envy, hatred, malice, spite, CP; El, Ps: zeal, rivalry. [‘evest’]

ǣfest == ǣwfæst

æfestful full of envy.

±æfestian -igian to be or become envious.

æfestig envious: zealous.

æfestlīce = ofostlīce

æfgælð f. superstition, OEG.

æfgerefa (-groefa) ‘exactor,’ LkL 12⁵⁸.

æfgrynde n. abyss, PPs 35⁶.

æfhynde = ofhende

æfian (-an?) to be in a miserable condition, Cr 1357 (or æfnan? Gollancz).

æfisc (EC 291) = efesc

æflāst m. a wandering from the way? Ex 473.

±æfnan (e) to carry out, do, perform, fulfil: cause: endure, suffer: (+) hold, sustain. [ON. efna]

æfne = efne

±ǣfnian to grow towards evening, Æ.

ǣfnung f. ‘evening,’ sunset, Æ.

ǣfre adv. ‘ever,’ at any time, Sat, Mt: always, constantly, perpetually, Cr, RB; Æ, CP: henceforth: ne ǣ.; ǣ. ne (= nǣfre) never; ǣ. tō aldre for ever. ǣ. ǣlc, W, Chr. ǣ. ǣnig any at all, KC.

æfreda m. what is taken or separated from, OEG (Napier). [æf; *hreda (hreddan)]: tow, oakum (BT).

ǣfremmende pious, religious, Jul 648.

æfse I. = efes.

II. = æbs

æfsecgan to confute, ES 42¹⁶³.

æfst == æfest

æfsweorc n. pasturage, WW 410¹² (= *æfesweorc).

æft = eft

æftan adv. from behind, behind, in the rear, Ma. [‘aft’]

æftanweard adj. behind, in the rear, following, Rd 63⁵.

æftemest adj. last, hindmost, Æ, AO.

æfter I. prep. (w. d., i. and—chiefly N.—a.) (local and temporal) after, along, behind, through, throughout, during: (causal) following, in consequence of, according to, for the purpose of: (object) after, about, in pursuit of, for.

II. adv. after, then, afterwards, thereafter: thereupon, later, back (= in return). æ. ðon, ðæm, ðisum; æ. ðæm (ðon, ðan) ðe; afterwards, thereafter.

æftera = æfterra

æfterǣ f. the book Deuteronomy, Æ.

æfterboren adj. ‘afterborn,’ posthumous, ÆGr.

æftercweðan⁵ to speak after, repeat. æftercweðendra lof praise from posterity: to renounce, abjure, Chr 1094.

æftercyning m. later king, BH 140²⁴ B.

æfterealu n. small beer, WW 129⁴.

æfterfilian = æfterfylgan

æfterfiligend = æfterfylgend

æfterfolgere m. follower, AO 142²³.

æfter-folgian, -fylgan (AO) to follow after, succeed, pursue.

æfterfylgednes f. sequel, ÆL 23b³⁶⁵.

æfterfylgend m. follower, successor, AO, -līce in succession.

æfterfylgendnes f. succession, SHy 11.

æfterfylgung (eft-) f. pursuit.

æfterfylig- = æfterfylg-

æfter-genga, -gengea m. follower, successor: descendant, Æ.

æftergengel m. successor, KC.

æftergengnes f. succession, Æ: posterity: inferiority.

æftergyld n. further payment, LL.

æfterhǣðe f? autumn drought, AO 102⁷.

æfterhyrigan to imitate, BH.

æfterlēan n. reward, recompense, restitution, retribution, Gen 76.

æfterlic second, WW 505¹⁹.

æfterra (comp.) second, following, next, latter, lower, CP.

æfter-rāp (Æ) -ræpe m. crupper.

æfterrīdan¹ to ride after.

æfterrōwan⁷ to row after, ES 41³²⁵.

æfterryne m. ‘occursus,’ CPs 18⁷.

æftersang m. (after-song), matins, CM 449.

æftersingallic (= -sanglic) of matins, CM 476.

æftersingend m. succentor, WW 129²³.

æftersona soon, afterwards, again, NG.

æfterspræc f. after-claim, LL 398⁷.

æftersprecan⁵ to claim, LL 226[9,4].

æfterspyrian to track out, search, inquire into, examine, CP.

æfterweard adj. after, following, further, behind, in the rear, later, Æ.

æfterweardnes f. posterity, WW 464¹⁸.

æfterwriten written afterwards, Lcd 69b.

æfterwyrcan to cause, effect.

æfter-yld, -yldo f. †advanced age, old age: after age, later time, BH. [ield(o)]

æfteweard = æfterweard

æftewearde adv. behind.

æftra = æfterra

æftresta superl. last.

æftum adv. after, MtR 24²¹.

æftyr = æfter

æfðanc, æfðanca (o, u) m. insult, offence: grudge, displeasure, anger.

æf-weard (CP) -ward absent.

æfweardnes f. absence, Bo, GD.

æfwela f. decrease of wealth, Lcd 3·170¹³.

æfwendla (WW 223¹) = æfwyrdla

æf-werdelsa, -wyrdelsa m. injury, damage, loss.

æfwyrdla, m. injury, damage, loss: fine for injury or loss.

æfwyrð(u) ? f. degradation, disgrace, RB.

ǣfyllende fulfilling the law, pious, Cr 704.

ǣfyn = ǣfen

ǣfyrmða fp. sweepings, rubbish. [feormian]

ǣg n. (nap. ǣgru) ‘egg,’ Lcd, Lk, OET, Met.

ǣg = īeg

ǣgan = āgan

æge = ege

ǣgen = āgen

ǣgera (K) dp. of ǣg.

ǣgerfelma f. egg-skin, Lcd 20b.

ǣgergelu n. yolk of egg, Gl. [ǣg, geolu]

ǣgflota m. seafarer, sailor, An 258. [īeg]

ǣggemang n. egg-mixture, WW.

ǣg-hwā mf., -hwæt, n. pron. each one, every one, everything, who or whatever. ǣghwǣt neut. anything. [ǣg = āgi]

ǣghwǣr everywhere, in every direction, Mk; Æ: in every case, in every respect: anywhere. [‘aywhere’]

ǣghwæs (gs. of ǣghwā) altogether, in every way, entirely, wholly, throughout, in general.

ǣghwæt v. ǣghwā.

ǣghwæðer (ǣgðer, āðer). I. pron. each or every one (of two or more), ‘either,’ both, AO, Mt (gð).

II. conj. ǣghwæðer (ge)...ge; ǣgðer...and both...and; as well...as.

ǣg-hwanan, -hwanon(e), -hwannon, -hwanum, from all parts, everywhere, on every side, in every way.

ǣg-hwār, -hwēr = ǣghwǣr

ǣghwelc = ǣghwilc

ǣghweðer = ǣghwæðer

ǣghwider on every side, in all directions: in any direction, anywhere.

ǣghwilc adj. each, every, whosoever, whatsoever, all, every one, Bo, Met. ǣ. ānra each. ǣ. ōðer each other, Ma. ǣghwilces in every way. [v. ‘each’]

ǣg-hwonan, -hwonon (CP), -hwonene = ǣghwanan

ǣghwyder = ǣghwider

ǣghwylc = ǣghwilc

ǣgift f. (m? n?) restitution, repayment.

ǣgilde adv. receiving no ‘wergild’ as compensation, LL.

ǣgilt = ǣgylt

ǣglǣc == āglǣc

ǣglēaw learned in the law.

ǣglēca = āglǣca

ǣglīm m. white of egg. [līm]

ǣgmang (WW 4⁸⁹) = ǣggemang

ǣgmore f. root of the eye, socket? Lcd 3·98⁵. [ēage]

ægnan sb. pl. awns, sweepings, chaff, Gl. [v. egenu]

ǣgnes = āgnes, v. āgen.

ǣgnian = āgnian

ǣgru v. ǣg.

ægsa = egsa

ǣgscill (y) f. eggshell, Lcd.

ǣgðer = ǣghwæðer

ǣgweard f. watch on the shore, B 241. [īeg]

ǣgwern = ǣghwǣr

ǣgwyrt f. dandelion, Lcd 158b.

ǣgylde = ǣgilde

ǣgylt m. sin, offence. [ǣw, gylt]

ǣgype without skill or cunning (BT), PPs 106¹⁰.

æhher (MkR 4²⁸) = ēar

ǣhīw n. pallor, OEG 4897.

ǣhīwe pallid: deformed.

ǣhīwnes f. pallor, Lcd 1·294³.

ǣhlȳp m. breach of the peace, assault, LL. [cp. æthlȳp]

æht == eaht

ǣht I. f. (rare in sg.) possessions, goods, lands, wealth, cattle, Mk; AO: ownership, control. [āgan: ‘aught’ sb.]

II. = ōht

āēhtan to persecute, LkL 21¹².

ǣhtboren born in bondage, RB 11²⁰.

ǣhte = āhte pret. sg. of āgan.

ǣhteland n. territory, BH 358¹⁴.

æhtemann m. tiller of the soil, serf, farmer, Æ.

ǣhteswān m. swineherd who was a chattel on an estate, LL 449⁷.

ǣhtgesteald n. possession, Jul 115.

ǣhtgestrēon n. possessions, Ph 506.

ǣtgeweald † mn. power, control.

æhtian = eahtian

+æhtle f. esteem, B 369.

æhtowe (LkR 2²¹) = eahta

ǣhtspēd f. wealth, riches, LPs 103²⁴.

ǣhtspēdig rich.

ǣhtwela † m. wealth, riches.

ǣhtwelig wealthy, rich, Jul 18.

ǣhwænne = āhwænne

ǣhwǣr, -hwār = āhwǣr

Printed on one line: ǣhwænne, ǣhwǣr, -hwār = āhwænne, āhwær

ǣhwyrfan = āhwierfan

æhx = æcs

æig = æg

æl- prefix = I. eal(l)-

II. el(e)-

æl m. piercer, ‘awl,’ Æ.

ǣl m. ‘eel,’ WW; Mdf.

ǣlā = ēalā

ǣlǣdend m. legislator, SPs 9²¹.

ǣlǣrende m. teacher of the law, instructor in religion, El 506.

ǣlǣte I. n. desert place.

II. desert, empty, W 47²¹.

III. f. divorced woman.

ǣlǣten I. = ālǣten pp. of ālǣtan.

II. = ǣlǣte II.

ǣlagol lawgiving, GPH 397³⁶³.

ǣlan to kindle, light, set on fire, burn, Æ, CP.

ǣlārēow (-lārua) m. teacher of the law, Pharisee, NG.

ælað = ealað

ælbeorht = eallbeorht

ælbitu (Gl) = ilfetu

ǣlc [ēlc, ylc (VPs); v. ‘each’] I. (pron. subst.) any, all, every, each (one), Æ, AO, CP. ǣlc...ōðrum the one...the other.

II. (adj. pron.) each, Lcd: any, CP.

ǣlceald † altogether cold, very cold.

ælcor = elcor

ælcra = elcra

ælcræftig † almighty, all-powerful.

ǣlcuht (AO) ælcwuht n. everything.

æld = æled

æld- = ield-

ældewuta (NG) = ealdwita

ǣlecung = ōleccung

ǣled † m. gs. ǣldes fire, firebrand. ǣ. weccan to kindle a fire, Whale 21. [ON. eldr]

ǣledfȳr n. flame of fire, Ph 366?

ǣledlēoma m. fire-brand, B 3125.

ælegrǣdig greedy, ÆL 18²¹³. [eall-]

ælegrēne (RPs 127³) = eallgrēne

ælelendisc = elelendisc

ælemidde f. exact middle, Æ.

ǣlenge I. lengthy, tedious, vexatious, CP. [‘elenge’]

II. weariness.

ǣlengnes f. tediousness, Sc, WW.

ælepe ? ‘origanum,’ wild marjoram, WW 299¹⁹. [ælene? BT]

ǣlepūte f. ‘eel-pout,’ burbot, WW.

æleð pres. 3 sg. of alan.

ǣleð, ǣlð = ǣled

ælewealdend = eallwealdend

ælf mf. (pl. ielfe, ylfe) ‘elf,’ sprite, fairy, goblin, incubus, B, Lcd.

ælfādl f. nightmare, Lcd 123b.

ælfæle = ealfelo

æl-faru, -fær f. whole army, host, Ex 66.

ælfcynn n. elfin race, Lcd 123a.

ælfer = ælfaru

ǣl-fisc, -fix m. eel, TC 242¹¹.

ælfitu = ylfetu

æl-fremed, -fremd, (el-) strange, foreign, Æ: (+) estranged, LPs 57⁴: (w. fram) free, separated from, Æ.

ælfremeda (el-) m. stranger, foreigner.

ælfremedung f. ‘alienatio,’ RHy 5¹⁴.

ælf-scīene (ī²ȳ²) † bright as an elf or fairy, beautiful, radiant.

ælfsiden f. elvish influence, nightmare, Lcd 120b.

ælfsogoða m. hiccough (thought to have been caused by elves), Lcd 124b.

ælfðēodlīce = elðēodiglīce

ælfðone f. nightshade, Lcd 123b.

ælfylce (= el-) † n. I. strange land.

II. foreign band, enemy.

ǣlhyd f. eel receptacle? eel-skin? (BT) LL 455¹⁷.

ǣlic (of the law), legal, lawful, Æ. adv. -līce.

ælifn f. sustenance, Gl? (v. ES 42·166)

ǣling f. burning, Æ: ardour.

ǣling- = ǣleng-

æll- = æl-, eal(l)-, el(l)-

ælmes = ælmesse

ælmesæcer m. ground of which the yield was given as alms, first-fruits, A 11·3⁶⁹.

ælmesbæð n. gratuitous bath, W 171².

ælmesdæd f. almsdeed, Æ.

ælmesdōnde giving alms, NC 269.

ælmesfeoh n. alms: Peter’s pence, Romescot, LL [‘almsfee’]

ælmesfull charitable.

ælmesgedāl n. distribution of alms.

ælmesgeorn charitable, Æ.

ælmesgifa (y³) m. giver of alms, W 72⁴.

ælmesgifu f. alms, charity, W 159²⁰.

ælmeshlāf m. dole of bread, TC 474²³.

ælmeslāc giving of alms, NC 269.

ælmeslēoht n. a light in church provided at the expense of a pious layman.

ælmeslic charitable: depending on alms, poor, -līce, adv. charitably, OET. (Ct.)

ælmeslond m. land granted in frankalmoigne. [almes-]

ælmesmann m. ‘almsman,’ bedesman, beggar, Lcd; Æ.

ælmespening m. alms-penny.

ælmesriht n. right of receiving alms.

ælmesse f. ‘alms,’ almsgiving, Da, Mt; Æ, CP. [L. eleēmosyna]

ælmessylen (e³) f. almsgiving.

ælmesweorc n. almsdeed, Bl 25¹⁷.

ælmidde = ælemidde

ælmiehtig = ælmihtig

ælmihtig (ea², e²) adj. ‘almighty,’ B, Ps, TC; AO, CP: m. the Almighty.

ælmihtignes f. omnipotence, AS 59¹³.

ælmyrca m. one entirely black, Ethiopian, An 432.

ælmysse = ælmesse

ǣlnet n. eel net, BH.

ǣlpig = ānlīpig

ælren adj. of an alder tree, KC 7·316. [‘aldern’]

ælreord = elreord

ælsyndrig separately, LkR 2³.

æltǣwe (ēo, ō) complete, entire, perfect, healthy, sound, true, Æ, AO, CP: noted, Æ. [Goth. tēwa]. -līce adv.

ælðēod (ælðied-) == elðēod

æl-walda, -wealda = ealwealda

ælwiht † m. strange creature, monster [= *elwiht]; (in pl.) = eallwihta

æmbern = embren

ǣmelle insipid, WW 429³⁰.

ǣmelnes f. slackness, sloth, Æ: weariness, disgust, WW.

ǣmen, ǣmenne (AO) uninhabited, desolate, desert.

ǣmenne solitude, AS 4¹¹ (v. Wfg 3).

ǣmerge f. embers, ashes, dust, Lcd; Æ. [‘ember’]

ǣmet- = ǣmett-

ǣmetbed n. ant-hill, Lcd 121b.

ǣmethwīl f. leisure, Æ.

ǣmethyll m. ant-hill, CP 191²⁵.

ǣmetian = ǣmtian

ǣmetta m. leisure, rest, CP. [mōt]

ǣmette f. ‘emmet,’ ant, Lcd, WW; Æ.

ǣmettig (CP), -m(e)tig (Æ) ‘empty,’ vacant, Bl, Æ: unoccupied, without employment, Æ: unmarried, CP.

ǣmettigian = ǣmtian

ǣminde n. forgetfulness, Lcd 1·384´.

ǣmōd dismayed, disheartened, Æ, AO.

ǣmt- = ǣmett-

±ǣmtian to ‘empty,’ Æ: to be at leisure, have time for, Æ, CP.

ǣmtignes f. emptiness, GD 35¹⁷.

ǣmūða m. ‘cæcum intestinum,’ WW 160¹¹.

ǣmynde = ǣminde

ǣmyrce excellent, WW 393³⁸.

ǣmyrie = ǣmerge

ǣmytte = ǣmette

ǣn == ān

+æn- = +en-

ænbrece = unbrece

ænd- = end-

ǣne (āne) once, at some time, Æ, B: at any time: at once. [‘ene’]

æned = ened

ǣnes adv. once.

ǣnetre = ānwintre

ǣnett, ǣnetnes = ānet

ǣnga = ānga

ǣngancundes in a unique way? (BT), Lcd 162b.

ænge = enge

ængel = engel

Ænglisc = Englisc

ænid = ened

ǣnig adj. pron. and sb. ‘any,’ any one, Mk, Jn. ǣnige ðinga somehow, anyhow. [ān]

ǣnigge = ānēage

ǣnigmon any one, some one, NG.

ǣniht = āwuht

ǣninga = ānunga

ænlǣnan = onlǣnan

ǣnlefan = endlufon

ǣnlēp- = ānlēp-

ǣnlic one, ‘only,’ singular, solitary, Ps; Lk: unique, glorious, noble, splendid, excellent, Bo; Æ, AO. adv. -līce.

ǣnlīpig (Æ) = ānlīpig

ǣnne (AO, CP) v. ān.

ǣnote useless, LL 254[3,34].

ǣnrǣdnis = ānrǣdnes

ǣnyge = ānēage

ǣnytte = ǣnette

æpl == æppel

æpled = æppled

æppel m. (nap. æpplas, rarely ap(p)la, æppla) any kind of fruit, fruit in general: ‘apple,’ CP, Gen: apple of the eye, ball, anything round, Bo, CP, Sol.

æppelbǣre † fruit-bearing: apple-bearing.

æppelbearu m. orchard, PPs 78².

æppelberende apple-bearing, DR 98¹⁶.

æppelcynn n. kind of apple, Lcd 67a.

æppelcyrnel n. apple pip, WW 440²³.

æppelfæt n. apple-vessel, ZDA 31·15⁴⁰¹.

æppelfealu apple-yellow, bay, B 2165.

æppelhūs n. fruit storehouse, WW.

æppelscealu f. apple-core, WW 371¹.

æppelscrēad n. (only in pl.) apple-parings, WW 118¹.

æppeltrēow n. ‘apple-tree,’ WW.

æppeltūn m. apple or fruit garden, orchard, Æ, CP.

æppelðorn m. crab-apple tree, BC 3·93´.

æppelwīn n. cider, WW 430⁹.

æppled † shaped like an apple, round, embossed, El. [‘appled’]

æppul- = apul-

æps == æsp, æbs

æpsen shameless, OEG 7³⁰¹.

æpsenes f. disgrace.

ǣr I. adv. comp. ǣror; sup. ǣrost, ǣr(e)st ‘ere,’ before that, soon, formerly, beforehand, previously, already, lately, till; (comp.) sooner, earlier; (sup.) just now, first of all, OET, Jn, El: early, prematurely, Gu, Mk. on ǣr; ǣr ðissum previously, formerly, beforehand, CP. tō ǣr too soon. ǣr oððe æfter sooner or later. hwonne ǣr how soon? when? hwēne ǣr just before. on ealne ǣrne mergen very early in the morning. ne ǣr ne siððan neither sooner nor later. ǣr and sið at all times.

II. conj. ‘ere,’ before that, until, Æ, AO, CP. ǣr ðam(ðe) before, B.

III. prep. (w. d.) before.

IV. adj. only in comp. and sup. (ǣrra, ǣrest) q.v.

V. f. = ār f.

VI. n. = ār n.

ǣr- = I. early, former.

II. intensitive prefix.

ǣra I. m. scraper, strigil, Gl.

II. = ǣrra

ǣrǣt m. excessive (or too early?) eating.

ærbe- = yrfe-, ierfe-

ǣrbeðoht premeditated.

ǣrboren earlier born, first-born (or ? two words), Gen 973.

ærc = earc

ærce == arce

ǣrcwide m. prophecy? Mod 4.

ǣrdǣd f. former deed.

ǣrdæg m. (nap. ǣrdagas) early day, early morn, dawn: in pl. former days, past times, AO.

ǣrdēað m. premature death, Ex 539.

ærdian = eardian

ærdon = ærndon? from ærnan (Grein), Ma 191.

ærdung = eardung

ǣre I. = ȳre

II. in comp. = -oared.

ǣrēafe (= ǣ²) detected, TC 230¹⁶.

ǣreldo ‘anteritus,’ WW 347¹².

ǣren made of brass, brazen, Æ, AO, CP: tinkling? [ār; cp. Ger. ehern]

ǣrendbōc f. message, letter.

ǣrenddraca (AO, CP) = ǣrendraca

ǣrende n. ‘errand,’ message, BH, Gu; AO: mission, An, Chr: answer, news, tidings, Æ.

ǣrendfæst commissioned with an errand, ÆL 26²²¹.

ǣrendgāst m. angel, Gen 2296.

ǣrendgewrit n. written message, letter, Æ, CP.

±ǣrendian to go on an errand, carry a message, send word to, CP: intercede, BH; Æ: (+)speed, succeed, W 238⁹. [‘ernde’]

ǣrendraca m. messenger, apostle, ambassador, angel, Æ, AO: representative, substitute, proxy, BH 276¹⁹.

ǣrendscip n. skiff, small boat.

ǣrendsecg m. messenger, Gen 658.

ǣrendsprǣc f. message, Rd 61¹⁵.

ǣrendung f. errand: errand-going, RB. [‘ernding’]

ǣrend-wraca (AO) -wreca, (CP) = ǣrendraca

ǣrendwrit = ǣrendgewrit

ǣrenscip = ǣrendscip

ǣrer = ǣror

ǣrest I. adv. and superl. adj. first, at first, before all, Æ, CP. ðā, ðonne, siððan ǣ. as soon as. ǣ. ðinga first of all.

II. = ǣrist

ǣrfæder m. forefather, B 2622.

ǣrfæst == ārfæst

ærfe == ierfe, yrfe

ǣrgedōn done before, CP.

ǣrgefremed before committed.

ǣrgelēred previously instructed, MtL 14⁸.

ǣrgenemned, -gesæd = ǣrnemned

ǣrgestrēon † n. ancient treasure.

ǣrgeweorc † n. ancient work, work of olden times.

ǣrgewinn n. former strife or trouble, old warfare, Cross 19.

ǣrgewyrht † n. former work, deed of old.

ǣrglæd very bright, Ex 293.

ǣrgōd † good from old times?, very good.

ǣrhwīlum † erewhile, formerly.

ærian = erian

ærig (OET) = earh

ǣriht † n. code of law or faith.

ǣring f. day-break, early morning (A).

ǣrisc = ēarisc

ǣrist I. (ē) mfn. rising, VPs: resurrection, awakening, Jn; CP. [‘arist’]

II. = ǣrest

ǣrlēof? very dear, OEG 56²⁹⁶.

ǣrlēst = ārlēast

ǣrlic(ā) adj.; -līce adv. ‘early,’ Jn.

ǣrlyft f. early morning air, WW 415¹³.

ærm = earm

ǣrmorgen (a¹, a², e²) m. early morning, dawn, day-break.

ǣrmorgenlic of early morning, DR.

ærn n. dwelling, habitation, house, building, closet.

ǣrn = ǣren

ærnan to ‘run,’ ride, gallop, BH: (+) to ride, run to, reach, gain by running or riding, AO: = +iernan

ærndian = ærendian

ǣrne-mergen, -merigen (Æ) = ǣrmorgen

ǣrnemergenlic matutinal, CM 277.

ǣrnemned aforementioned.

ærneweg m. road for riding on, race-course. [iernan]

ærnian = earnian

ærning f. ‘running,’ riding, racing, Bo, GD: flow of blood, MtL 9²⁰. (iorn-)

ærnð = ernð

ærnðegen (?) m. house-officer, Gl.

ærnung = earnung

ǣron = ǣrran

ǣror I. adv. earlier, before, beforehand, formerly, Æ, AO: rather.

II. prep. (w. d.) before.

ǣrost = ǣrest

ǣrra m. ǣrre fn. adj. earlier, former, Bo, El; CP. on ǣrran dæg the day before yesterday. [‘ere,’ ‘erer’]

ǣrror = ǣror

ærs = ears

ǣrsceaft ‡ f. old work, ancient building.

ærschen, ærshen = erschen

ǣrst = ǣrest

ǣrstæf = ārstæf

ǣr-ðam, -ðon, -ðamðe v. ǣr.

ærð- = yrð-

ǣrwacol early awake, Æ.

+ærwe depraved, wicked, EPs 100⁴.

ǣrwela m. ancient wealth, B 2747.

ǣrworuld f. ancient world, Cr 937.

ǣrynd = ǣrend

ǣryr = ǣror

ǣryst I. = ǣrist

II. = ǣrest

ǣs n. food, meat, carrion: bait. [OHG. ās]

æsc I. m. nap. ascas ‘ash’-tree, Gl, KC; Mdf: name of the rune for æ: (†) spear, lance: ship, Æ.

II. = æcs

ǣscære unshorn, untrimmed. [scieran]

ǣscan to demand (legally), LL 177´.

ǣscapo (WW 273³⁶) = ǣsceapa

æscberend † m., -bora † m. spear-bearer, soldier.

æscberende spear-bearing, Gen 2041.

æsce = asce

ǣsce f. asking, inquiry, search, LL: claim (to insurance money for theft of cattle), LL 175². [‘ask’ sb.]

ǣsceap (ē¹) n. remnant, patch.

æsceda fpl. refuse? WW 148³³.

æscegeswāp n. cinders, ashes, TC 318³³.

æscen I. fm. vessel of ash-wood, bucket, pail, bottle, cup.

II. adj. made of ash-wood, ashen, Lcd.

æscfealu ashy-hued, WW 204²³.

æscgræg ashy gray, WW 204²⁴.

æschere m. naval force, Ma 69.

æscholt † n. spear of ash-wood, spear-shaft, lance (v. also Mdf).

ǣscian = ācsian

æscmann m. ship-man, sailor, pirate. [æsc]

æscplega m. play of spears, battle, Jud 217.

æscrind f. bark of the ash-tree, Lcd.

æscrōf † brave in battle.

æscstede m. place of battle, Mod 17; Mdf.

æscstederōd f. cross marking a battlefield? Ct (BT).

æsctīr m. glory in war, Gen 2069.

æscðracu f. battle, Gen 2153.

æsc-ðrote, -ðrotu f. a plant, ferula? vervain?

ǣsmæl smallness of the eye, Lcd.

ǣsmogu np. slough (of snake) Lcd 88a. [ā-smūgan]

æscwert = æscwyrt

æscwiga † m. (spear-) warrior.

æscwlanc † brave.

æscwyrt f. verbena, vervain.

ǣscyldian ‘delinquere,’ PPs.

ǣsellend (y²) m. lawgiver.

æsil = hæsel

æslitend m. law-breaker, LPs.

æsne- = esne-

æsp = æspe I.

æspe I. f. aspen-tree, white poplar, Gl; Mdf. [‘asp¹’]

II. = æbs

æspen adj. aspen.

ǣspreng, ǣspring(e) = ǣspryng

æsprind (ps) f. aspen, bark, Lcd. [‘asp’]

ǣspringnes = āsprungenes

ǣspryng nf. spring, fountain, CP. [ēa]: departure, Creat 77.

ǣst I. = ǣrest

II. = ēst

ǣstǣnan = āstǣnan

ǣstan = ēastan

æstel m. book-marker, CP 9. [L. hastula]

æsul = esol

ǣswǣpe sbpl. sweepings, rubbish.

ǣswic m. offence, stumbling-block, infamy, seduction, deceit.

ǣswica, ǣswicend m. offender, deceiver, hypocrite, traitor.

ǣswice m. violation of God’s laws (or? adultery), W 164³.

±ǣswician to offend, deceive, Æ: apostatize, WW 342¹²: desert, Æ.

ǣswicnes f. stumbling-block, LPs 105³⁶.

ǣswicung f. offence, stumbling-block, Æ: deceit, Æ: sedition.

ǣswind idle, slothful, WW 422¹³. [swīð]

ǣsyllend = ǣsellend

æt I. prep. (w. d. and, more rarely, a.) (local) ‘at,’ near, by, in, on, upon, with, before, next to, as far as, up to, into, toward: (temporal) at, at the time of, near, in, on, to, until: (causal) at, to, through: (source) from: (instrumental) by. æt fēawum wordum in few words, BH: in respect to, as to.

II. adv. at, to, near. æt nehstan, æt siðestan finally. æt- in composition = at, to, from.

ǣt I. mfn. eatables, food, meat, flesh, Gu; Æ, AO. ǣt and wǣt food and drink, Æ: the act of feeding, eating, PPs; MkL (ē). [‘eat’ sb.]

II. pret. 3 sg. of etan.

ǣt- = āte-

-ǣta v. self-ǣta.

ætǣwian = ætīewan

āetan⁵ to eat, devour, AS 17¹⁶; 37⁵.

ætbēon anv. to be present.

ætberan⁴ to carry to, bring, produce, show, Da: carry off, B. [‘atbear’]

ætberstan³ to break out, or away, escape from, Æ. [‘atburst’]

ætbrēdan = ætbregdan

ætbrēdendlic ablative, ÆGr 23⁷.

æt-bregdan, -brēdan³ to take away, carry off, deprive of, snatch away, draw off, withdraw, Mt; Æ: release, rescue, enlarge: prevent, ÆL 31¹²⁶. [‘atbraid’]

ætclifian to adhere, BJPs 101⁶.

ætclīðan to adhere, OET 181.

ætdēman to refuse, give judgment against, EC 202.

ætdōn anv. to take away, deprive.

ǣte = āte

ætēaca (eth-) m. ‘appendix,’ OEG 53¹⁸.

ætēacnes = ætȳcnes

ætealdod too old, Æ (2¹⁵⁹).

ætēaw- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætēcan = ætȳcan

ætegār = ætgār

æteglan to harm, PPs 88¹⁹.

ætēode pret. 3 sg. of *ætgān he came.

ǣteorian = āteorian

ætēow- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætercyn = atorcyn

ǣtere (ē¹) m. ‘eater,’ glutton, Prov; NG.

ǣtern I. (NG) viper.

II. = ǣtren

ætēw- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætfæstan (= oð-) to inflict on, afflict with: fasten to, drive into, impart to, CP 115¹⁹: commit, entrust: marry to.

ætfæstnian to fasten? entrust? AS 21¹⁹.

ætfaran⁶ to escape, Shr 14²³.

ætfeallan⁷ to fall, fall out: fall away, fail, be reduced, LL; Æ: happen. [‘atfall’]

ætfele m. adhesion, PPs 72²³.

ætfeng m. attaching, distraint v. LL 2·279.

ætfeohtan² † to grope about.

ætfēolan³ to stick to: adhere, apply oneself to, continue in, CP.

ætfeorrian to take from, Sc 160⁷.

ætferian to carry away, bear off.

ætfīlan = ætfēolan

ætflēon² to flee away, escape by flight, Æ. [‘atflee’]

ætflōwan⁷ to flow together, accumulate, SPs 61¹⁰.

ætfōn⁷ to seize upon, lay claim to, LL. [‘atfong’]

ætforan I. prep. w. d. before, in the presence of, in front of, close by, Jn; Æ. [‘atfore’].

II. adv. beforehand (time).

ætfyligan, -fylgan to adhere, cling to.

æt-gædere (AO), -gæddre (CP), -gædre, -gæderum adv. together, united, at the same time. [gadrian]

æt-gǣre n., -gār m. spear, dart, javelin, Gl.

ætgangan⁷ to go to, approach, Az 183. [‘atgo’]

ætgeddre, -gedre = ætgædere

ætgenumen removed, taken away, WW 529³⁹.

ǣtgiefa † (eo, i) m. food-giver, feeder.

ætgifan⁵ to render, give, B 2878.

ætglīdan¹ to slip away, disappear, OEG 7¹³².

ætgrǣpe seizing. æ. weorðan seize, B 1268.

æthabban to retain, Æ.

æthealdan⁷ to keep back, Sc 109¹⁸.

æthebban⁶ to take away, take out, hold back, Æ: exalt oneself, CP 113¹³.

æthindan prep. w. d. behind, after, Chr; Æ. [‘athinden’]

æthlēapan⁷ to run away, flee, escape, W 162⁵.

æthlȳp m. assault. [cp. ǣhlȳp]

æthrīnan¹ to touch, move, Mt; Æ. [‘atrine’]

æthrine m. touch.

æthwā each, every one.

æthwāre somewhat, HGl 421³⁷.

æt-hwega, -hwæga, -hweg(u) adv. somewhat, tolerably, a little: how.

æthweorfan³ to return, go back, B 2299.

æthwōn adv. almost, nearly.

æthȳd ‘eviscerata,’ (skinned? BT), WW 392´.

ætiernan³ to run away, Æ. [‘atrin’]

ætīewan (oð-; ē, ēa, ēo, ī, ȳ) pret. sg. -īe(w)de, (tr.) to show, reveal, display, disclose, manifest, Mt (ȳ), CP: (intr.) show oneself, become visible, appear, Mt (ȳ). [‘atew’]

ǣting f. eating, Sc 170⁴⁵ (ē): pasture? Mdf.

ǣtinge (y²) speechless, OEG 46⁴⁵.

ætis pres. 3 sg. of ætwesan, ætbēon.

ætīw- = ætīew-, ætȳw-

ætlǣdan (= oð-) to drive away, Æ. [‘atlead’]

ǣtlic adj. eatable, WW, LkL (ē).

ætlicgan⁵ to lie idle, ÆGr 2²². [‘atlie’]

ætlimpan³ to fall away from, escape, be lost, Æ.

ætlūtian to lurk, hide, Æ. [‘atlutien’]

ætnēhstan (ȳ) adv. at last.

ætnes f. edibility, WW 226¹¹.

ætniman⁴ to take away, deprive of, Ex 414.

ætol = etol

ǣton pret. pl. of etan.

ǣtor = ātor

ǣtorcynn = ātorcynn

ǣtran = ǣtrian

ætreccan w. d. and a. to declare forfeit, deprive of, Lcd.

ǣtren poisoned, poisonous, MtL (-ern). [‘attern’]

ǣtrenmōd of venomous spirit, malignant (or? two words), GnE 163.

ǣtrennes f. poisonous nature, Lcd 55a.

±ǣtrian to poison, AO: become poisonous. [‘atter’]

ætrig poisonous, Lcd; Æ. [‘attery’]

ætrihte (y) I. adj. right at, near, present, at hand.

II. adv. almost, nearly.

ætsacan⁶ to deny, Lk; Æ: renounce, Mk. [‘atsake’]

ætsamne (æ, e, o) adv. united, together, at once, AO.

ætscēotan² to escape, disappear, MF (Vesp. D xiv).

ætscūfan² to shove away.

ætsittan⁵ to sit by, remain, stay, Chr. [‘atsit’]

ætslāpan⁷ to sleep beside, Lcd 83a.

ætslīdan¹ to slip, glide, fall, Æ.

ætsomne (Æ) = ætsamne

ætspornan³ (u) to strike against, stumble, go wrong, CP: rebel (æt).

ætspornung f. offence, stumbling-block, misfortune, CM 230.

ætspringan³ to rush forth, spurt out, B 1121. [‘atspring’]

ætspringnes, -sprung(en)nes f. defection.

ætspurnan = ætspornan

ætspyrning = ætspornung

ætst = itst pres. 2 sg. of etan.

ætst- = oðst-

ætstæl m. aid, assistance (GK); = ætsteall (BT), Gu 150.

ætstæppan⁶ to step up to, B 745.

ætstandan⁶ to stand still, stand at, near, in or by, Æ: remain, stand up: check, resist, Æ: cease, Lk; Æ. [‘atstand’]

ætstandend m. bystander, attendant, Æ.

ætstandende standing by, GD 284²¹.

ætsteall m. assistance, meeting with hostile intent (GK): station, camp station (BT), Wald 1²¹.

ætstent v. ætstandan.

ætstente v. ætstyntan.

ætstillan to still, Lcd 25b.

ætstrengan to withhold wrongfully, LL 206´.

ætstyntan to blunt, dull, weaken.

ætswerian⁶ to deny on oath, LL.

ætswīgan to keep silence about (be) GD 217¹⁸.

ætswimman³ to escape by swimming, swim out, Chr 918.

āettan (āyttan) to eat up.

ǣtter, ǣttor = ātor

ǣttr- = ætr-

ætðringan³ to take away from, deprive of.

ætweaxan¹ to increase (Swt.).

ætwegan⁵ to bear away, carry off, B 1198.

ǣtwela abundance of food, feast, Soul 123.

ætwenian to wean from, LL 368´.

ætwesan anv. to be at hand.

ætwesende at hand, imminent, WW.

ætwindan³ to escape, Æ. [‘atwind’]

ætwist I. † f. presence.

II. = edwist

ætwītan⁶ to reproach (with), censure, taunt, Met, Ps; CP. [‘atwite’]

ætwrencan to seize by fraud.

ætȳcan to add to, increase, BH. [īecan]

ætȳcnes f. increase, BH.

ǣtȳnan = ontȳnan

ǣtynge = ǣtinge

ætys = ætis pres. 3 sg. of ætwesan.

æt-ȳwan, -ȳwian = ætīewan

ætȳwednes f. showing, appearance, manifestation, revelation, GD.

ætȳwigendlic demonstrative, ÆGr.

ætȳwnes f. showing, manifestation, revelation: apparition, Æ: Epiphany.

ætȳwung f. manifestation, Epiphany, CM 531.

ǣðan I. (±)to make oath, swear. [āð]

II. = īðan

æðel = æðele

ǣðel == ēðel

æðelboren of noble birth, distinguished, Æ: free-born, Æ: inborn, natural.

æðelborennes f. nobility of birth or nature, Æ: inborn nature, OEG 4518.

æðelcund of noble birth.

æðelcundnes f. nobleness, Bo 46¹³.

æðelcyning m. noble king (Christ), Æ.

æðelduguð f. noble retinue, Cr 1012.

æðele noble, aristocratic, excellent, famous, glorious, Ex, Gen; Æ, AO, CP: splendid, fine, costly, valuable: lusty, young: pleasant, sweet-smelling, Gen: (+)natural, congenial, suitable. [‘athel’]

æðel-ferðingwyrt, -fyrdingwyrt f. stitch-wort (plant), Lcd.

+æðelian † to make noble or renowned, Hy. [‘i-athele’]

æðelic = æðellic

āðelic = ēaðelic

æðeling m. man of royal blood, nobleman, chief, prince, AO, Chr (v. LL 2·274): †king, Christ, God, Cr: †man, hero, saint; in pl. men, people, Gen. [‘atheling’]

æðelinghād n. princely state, Lcd 3·438⁵.

æðellic noble, excellent. adv. -līce.

æðelnes f. nobility, excellence.

æðelo = æðelu

æðelstenc m. sweet smell, Ph 195.

æðeltungol † n. noble star.

æðelu fn. nobility, family, descent, origin, CP: nature: noble qualities, genius, talents, pre-eminence, Bo: produce, growth. [‘athel’]

ǣð- = ēð-

ǣðm (ē) m. air, breath, breathing, CP; Sat. (ē): vapour, B: blast, Æ. [‘ethem’]

ǣðmian to fume, exhale, emit a smell.

ǣðre = ǣdre

ǣðreclic terrible, RPs 95⁴.

ǣðret- = āðryt-

ǣðrot n. disgust, weariness. [āðrēotan]

ǣðryt I. troublesome, wearisome, disgusting.

II. n. weariness, disgust, tediousness, Æ.

ǣðryte = ǣðryt I.

ǣðrytnes f. tedium, v. OEG 4582.

ǣðryttan to weary, Æ.

æðða (Bd, Death-song) = oððe

ǣw I. = ǣ.

II. = ǣwe

ǣwǣde without clothes, WW 230³⁸.

ǣwan to despise, scorn, Ps.

ǣwbrǣce despising the law, Æ: adulterous, LL.

ǣwbreca (i, y) m. adulterer, LL (y). [‘eaubruche²’]

ǣwbryce m. adultery, Æ; LL. [‘eaubruche¹’]

ǣwda, æwdamann m. witness, compurgator, LL.

ǣwe I. fn. married woman, Æ: married people.

II. lawful: married: born of the same marriage.

ǣwelm = ǣwielm

ǣwenbrōðor m. brother by the same marriage, WW 413²⁹.

ǣwēne doubtful, uncertain.

ǣwerd adj.? religious, or sb.? regular priest, ANS 128·298. [cp. ǣweweard]

æwerdla = æfwyrdla

ǣweweard m. priest, Bl 161²⁷.

ǣwfæst upright, pious, devout, religious, Æ, CP: married, Æ.

ǣwfæsten n. legal or public fast.

ǣwfæstlic lawful: religious, CP (ǣf-). adv. -līce.

ǣwfæstnes f. religion, piety.

ǣwicnes f. eternity, RPs 102¹⁷ (v. p. 303).

ǣwielm (e, i, y), -wielme m. source, fount, spring, beginning, AO, CP. [= ēawylm]

ǣwintre = ānwintre

ǣwis- = ǣwisc-

ǣwisc I. nf. offence, shame, disgrace, dishonour, AO. [Goth. aiwisks]

II. disgraced, shameless, indecent.

ǣwiscberende disgraceful, shameful, WW 264⁴².

ǣwisce = ǣwisc I.

ǣwisc-ferinend (Gl), -firina (NG) m. shameless sinner, publican.

ǣwisclic disgraceful, infamous, OEG.

ǣwiscmōd ashamed, abashed, cowed.

ǣwiscnes f. shameless conduct: reverence.

ǣwita m. counsellor, El 455.

ǣwlic legal, lawful. adv. -līce.

±ǣwnian to marry, Æ.

ǣwnung f. wedlock, OEG.

ǣwul basket with a narrow neck for catching fish, WW 181¹¹. [?= cawl, BT]

ǣwumboren lawfully born, LL 76´.

ǣwung = ǣwnung

ǣwunge = ēawunge

ǣwyll m. stream, BC 1·542.

ǣ-wylm, -wylme = ǣwielm

æwyrdla = æfwyrdla

ǣwyrp m. throwing away: what is cast away: an abortion. [āweorpan]

ǣwysc- = æwisc-

æx == æcs, eax

æxe = asce

æxeȳr f. axe-head, Chr 1012e. [ȳr]

æxfaru f. ‘apparatus,’ naval expedition? (= æsc-? v. ES 37·184), Gl.

æxian = ascian

æxl = eaxl

æxs = æcs

āfǣdan = āfēdan

āfǣgan to depict, figure, BH. [fāg]

āfǣgrian (æ) to ornament, adorn, BH.

ā-fælan, -fællan = āfyllan II.

āfǣman to foam out, PPs 118¹³¹.

āfǣran to frighten, PPs, Mk, Chr; AO, CP. [‘afear,’ ‘afeared’]

āfæst = ǣwfæst

āfæstan I. to fast, LL, W.

II. to let out on hire, MkR 12¹.

āfæstla interj. certainly! assuredly! Æ.

āfæstnian (e) to fix upon, fasten, make firm, confirm, AO: enter, inscribe, Æ: build.

āfǣttian to fatten, anoint, APs 22⁶; LPs 140⁵.