WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Reading edition
AVOIRDUPOIS OR COMMERCIAL WEIGHT.
16 drachms 1 ounce.
16 ounces 1 pound.
14 pounds 1 stone.
28 pounds 1 quarter.
4 quarters 1 cwt.
2240 pounds 1 long ton.
2000 pounds 1 ton.
SQUARE MEASURE.
144 square inches 1 square foot.
9 “ feet 1 “ yard.
30¼ “ yards 1 “ rod.
40 “ rods 1 “ rood.
4 “ roods 1 “ acre.
640 “ acres 1 “ mile.
TABLE OF DISTANCE.
A mile is 5280 feet or 1760 yards.
A knot is 6086 feet.
A league is 3 miles.
A fathom is 6 feet.
A metre is 3 feet 3⅜ inches.
A hand is 4 inches.
A palm is 3 “
A span 9 “
A hair is equal to ¹/₄₈ of an inch.
A line is equal to ¹/₁₂ of an inch.
SHRINKAGE OF CASTINGS.
Cast Iron, ⅛ inch per lineal foot.
Brass, ³/₁₆ inch per lineal foot.
Lead, ⅛ inch per lineal foot.
Tin, ¹/₁₂ inch per lineal foot.
Zinc, ⁵/₁₆ inch per lineal foot.
WEIGHT OF ROUND AND SQUARE ROLLED IRON PER LINEAL FOOT.
Inch. Round. Square.
¼ .165 .211
⅜ .373 .475
½ .663 .845
⅝ 1.043 1.320
¾ 1.493 1.901
⅞ 2.032 2.588
1 2.654 3.380
1⅛ 3.359 4.278
1¼ 4.147 5.280
1⅜ 5.019 6.390
1½ 5.972 7.604
1⅝ 7.010 8.926
1¾ 8.128 10.352
1⅞ 9.333 11.883
2 10.616 13.520
2⅛ 11.988 15.263
2¼ 13.440 17.112
2⅜ 14.975 19.066
2½ 16.588 21.120
2⅝ 18.293 23.292
2¾ 20.076 25.560
2⅞ 21.944 27.939
3 23.888 30.416
3¼ 28.040 35.704
3½ 32.512 41.408
3¾ 37.332 47.534
4 42.464 54.084
4¼ 47.952 61.055
4½ 53.760 68.448
4¾ 59.900 76.264
5 66.350 84.480
5¼ 73.172 93.168
5½ 80.304 102.24
5¾ 87.776 111.75
6 95.552 121.66
6¼ 103.70 132.04
6½ 112.16 142.81
6¾ 120.96 154.01
7 130.04 165.63
7¼ 139.54 177.67
7½ 149.32 190.13
7¾ 159.45 203.02
8 169.85 216.33
8¼ 180.69 230.06
8½ 191.80 244.22
8¾ 203.26 258.80
9 215.04 273.79
9¼ 227.15 289.22
9½ 239.60 305.056
9¾ 252.37 321.33
10 265.40 337.92
10¼ 278.92 355.30
10½ 292.68 372.70
10¾ 306.80 390.80
11 321.21 409.00
12 382.20 486.70
TABLE OF THE CAPACITY OF CISTERNS IN GALLONS
For Each 10 Inches of Depth.
Diam. in Feet. Gallons.
2 19.5
2½ 30.6
3 44.06
3½ 59.97
4 78.33
4½ 99.14
5 122.40
5½ 148.10
6 176.25
6½ 206.85
7 239.88
7½ 275.40
8 313.33
8½ 353.72
9 396.56
9½ 461.4
10 489.2
11 592.4
12 705.0
13 827.4
14 959.6
15 1101.6
20 1958.4
25 3059.9
The American Standard gallon contains 231 cubic inches, or 8⅓ pounds of pure water. A cubic foot contains 62.3 pounds of water, or 7.48 gallons. Pressure per square inch is equal to the depth or head in feet multiplied by .433. Each 27.72 inches of depth gives a pressure of one pound to the square inch.
MELTING POINT OF METALS, ETC.
Names. °Fahr.
Platina 4590
Antimony 842
Bismuth 487
Tin 475
Lead 620
Zinc 700
Cast Iron 2100
Gold 2192
Wrought Iron 2900
Steel 2500
Copper 2000
Glass 2377
Beeswax 151
Sulphur 239
Tallow 92
Silver 1832
WEIGHT OF METALS PER CUBIC FOOT.
Lbs.
Brass 525
Copper 550
Gold 1210
Iron, Cast 450
Iron, Wrought 485
Lead, cast 710
Silver 655
Steel 490
Tin, cast 456
Zinc 450
HORSE-POWER LINE SHAFTING.
Will transmit with Safety, Bearings say 8 to 10 ft. centres.
Diam. of Shaft in Inches. Horse Power in one Rev.
¹⁵/₁₆ .008
1³/₁₆ .0156
1⁷/₁₆ .027
1¹¹/₁₆ .043
1¹⁵/₁₆ .064
2³/₁₆ .091
2⁷/₁₆ .125
2¹¹/₁₆ .166
2¹⁵/₁₆ .216
3³/₁₆ .272
3⁷/₁₆ .343
3¹¹/₁₆ .424
3¹⁵/₁₆ .512
4⁷/₁₆ .728
4¹⁵/₁₆ 1.00
5⁷/₁₆ 1.328
5¹⁵/₁₆ 1.728
6⁷/₁₆ 2.195
6¹⁵/₁₆ 2.744
7⁷/₁₆ 3.368
7¹⁵/₁₆ 4.096
8⁷/₁₆ 4.912
8¹⁵/₁₆ 5.824
9⁷/₁₆ 6.848
For Jack Shafts, or main section of Line Shafts, allow only three-fourths of the horse-power given above, and also provide extra bearings wherever heavy strains occur, as in main belts or gears.
HALF-ROUND, OVAL AND HALF-OVAL IRON.
Weight per Lineal Foot.
Size Half Round. Size Oval. Weight per foot. Size Half Oval. Weight per foot.
⅜ ⅜ × ³/₁₆ .186 ⅜ × ³/₃₂ .093
⁷/₁₆ ⁷/₁₆ × ⁷/₃₂ .253 ⁷/₁₆ × ⁷/₆₄ .127
½ ½ × ¼ .331 ½ × ⅛ .166
⅝ ⅝ × ⁵/₁₆ .517 ⅝ × ⁵/₃₂ .259
¾ ¾ × ⅜ .744 ¾ × ³/₁₆ .372
⅞ ⅞ × ⁷/₁₆ 1.013 ⅞ × ⁷/₃₂ .507
1 1 × ½ 1.323 1 × ¼ .662
1⅛ 1⅛ × ⁹/₁₆ 1.624 1⅛ × ⁹/₃₂ .812
1¼ 1¼ × ⅝ 2.067 1¼ × ⁵/₁₆ 1.034
1½ 1½ × ¾ 2.976 1½ × ⅜ 1.488
1¾ 1¾ × ⅞ 4.050 1¾ × ⁷/₁₆ 2.026
2 2 × 1 5.290 2 × ½ 2.645
WEIGHT OF FLAT ROLLED IRON, PER FOOT.
Breadth. Thickness. Weight.
1 in. ⅛ .422
¼ .845
⅜ 1.267
½ 1.690
⅝ 2.112
¾ 2.534
⅞ 2.956
1¼ in. ⅛ .528
¼ 1.056
⅜ 1.584
½ 2.112
⅝ 2.640
¾ 3.168
⅞ 3.696
1 4.224
1 ⅛ 4.752
1½ in. ⅛ .633
¼ 1.266
⅜ 1.900
½ 2.535
⅝ 3.168
¾ 3.802
⅞ 4.435
1 5.069
1 ⅛ 5.703
1 ¼ 6.337
1 ⅜ 6.970
1¾ in. ⅛ .739
¼ 1.479
⅜ 2.218
½ 2.957
⅝ 3.696
¾ 4.435
⅞ 5.178
1 5.914
1 ⅛ 6.653
1 ¼ 7.393
1 ⅜ 8.132
1 ½ 8.871
1 ⅝ 9.610
2 in. ⅛ .845
¼ 1.689
⅜ 2.534
½ 3.379
⅝ 4.224
¾ 5.069
⅞ 5.914
1 6.758
1 ⅛ 7.604
1 ¼ 8.448
1 ⅜ 9.294
1 ½ 10.138
1 ⅝ 10.983
1 ¾ 11.828
1 ⅞ 12.673
2¼ in. ⅛ .950
¼ 1.900
⅜ 2.851
½ 3.802
⅝ 4.752
¾ 5.703
⅞ 6.653
1 7.604
1 ⅛ 8.554
1 ¼ 9.505
1 ⅜ 10.455
1 ½ 11.406
1 ⅝ 12.356
1 ¾ 13.307
1 ⅞ 14.257
2 15.208
2 ⅛ 16.158
2½ in. ⅛ 1.056
¼ 2.112
⅜ 3.168
½ 4.224
⅝ 5.280
¾ 6.336
⅞ 7.392
1 8.448
1 ⅛ 9.504
1 ¼ 10.560
1 ⅜ 11.616
1 ½ 12.672
1 ⅝ 13.728
1 ¾ 14.784
1 ⅞ 15.840
2 16.896
2 ⅛ 17.952
2 ¼ 19.008
2 ⅜ 20.064
2¾ in. ¼ 2.323
½ 4.647
¾ 6.970
1 9.294
1 ¼ 11.617
1 ½ 13.940
1 ¾ 16.264
2 18.587
2 ¼ 20.910
2 ½ 23.234
3 in. ¼ 2.535
½ 5.069
¾ 7.604
1 10.138
HORSE-POWER BELTING.
Will transmit with Safety.
Width of Belt in Inches. Horse-Power per 100 feet Velocity of Belt.
Single Belt. Double Belt.
1 .09 .18
2 .18 .36
3 .27 .55
4 .36 .73
5 .45 .91
6 .55 1.09
7 .64 1.27
8 .73 1.46
9 .82 1.64
10 .91 1.82
11 1.00 2.00
12 1.09 2.18
14 1.27 2.55
16 1.45 2.91
18 1.64 3.27
20 1.82 3.64
22 2.00 4.00
24 2.18 4.36
28 2.55 5.09
32 2.91 5.82
36 3.27 6.55
40 3.64 7.27
In the calculations for horse-power in the above table, the belt is assumed to run about horizontally, the semi-circumference of smaller pulley has been considered as the ordinary arc contact of belt. Any reduction of this contact will make approximate proportional reduction of horse-power.