TABLES.

ALLOYS.

ALLOYS. Tin. Copper. Zinc. Antimony. Lead. Bismuth.

Brass, engine bearings 13 112 ¼

Tough Brass, engine work 15 100 15

Tough, for heavy bearings 25 160 5

Yellow Brass, for turning 2 1

Flanges to stand brazing 32 1 1

Bell Metal 5 16

Babbitt’s Metal 10 1 1

Brass Locomotive Bearings 7 64 1

Brass, for straps and glands 16 130 1

Muntz’s Sheathing 6 4

Metal, to expand in cooling 2 9 1

Pewter 100 17

Spelter 1 1

Statuary Bronze 2 90 5 2

Type Metal, from 1 3

Type Metal, to 1 7

SOLDERS.

For Lead 1 1½

For Tin 1 2

For Pewter 2 1

For Brazing (hardest) 3 1

For Brazing (hard) 1 1

For Brazing (soft) 1 4 3

For Brazing (soft)or 2 1

CIRCUMFERENCE AND AREAS OF CIRCLES.

Diameter. Circumfrence. Area.

¹/₃₂ .0981 .00076

¹/₁₆ .1963 .00306

⅛ .3926 .01227

³/₁₆ .5890 .02761

¼ .7854 .04908

⁵/₁₆ .9817 .07669

⅜ 1.178 .1104

⁷/₁₆ 1.374 .1503

½ 1.570 .1963

⁹/₁₆ 1.767 .2485

⅝ 1.963 .3067

¹¹/₁₆ 2.159 .3712

¾ 2.356 .4417

¹³/₁₆ 2.552 .5184

⅞ 2.748 .6013

¹⁵/₁₆ 2.945 .6902

1 3.141 .7854

3.534 .9940

¼ 3.927 1.227

4.319 1.484

½ 4.712 1.767

5.105 2.073

¾ 5.497 2.405

5.890 2.761

2 6.283 3.141

6.675 3.546

¼ 7.068 3.976

7.461 4.430

½ 7.854 4.908

8.246 5.411

¾ 8.639 5.939

9.032 7.491

3 9.424 7.068

¼ 10.21 8.295

½ 10.99 9.621

¾ 11.78 11.044

4 12.56 12.566

¼ 13.35 14.186

½ 14.13 14.904

¾ 14.92 17.720

5 15.90 19.635

¼ 17.49 21.647

½ 17.27 23.758

¾ 18.06 25.967

6 18.84 28.274

¼ 19.63 30.679

½ 20.42 33.183

¾ 21.20 35.784

7 21.99 38.484

¼ 22.77 41.282

½ 23.56 44.178

¾ 24.34 47.173

8 25.13 50.265

¼ 25.91 53.456

½ 26.70 56.745

¾ 27.48 60.132

9 28.27 63.617

¼ 29.05 67.200

½ 29.84 70.882

¾ 30.63 74.662

10 31.41 78.539

¼ 32.20 82.516

½ 32.98 86.590

¾ 33.77 90.762

11 34.55 95.033

¼ 35.34 99.402

½ 36.12 103.86

¾ 36.91 108.43

12 37.69 113.09

¼ 38.48 117.85

½ 39.27 122.71

¾ 40.05 127.67

13 40.84 132.73

¼ 41.62 137.88

½ 42.41 143.13

¾ 43.19 148.48

14 43.98 153.93

¼ 44.76 159.48

½ 45.55 165.13

¾ 46.33 170.87

15 47.12 176.78

¼ 47.90 182.65

½ 48.69 188.69

¾ 49.48 194.82

16 50.26 201.06

¼ 51.05 207.39

½ 51.83 213.82

¾ 52.62 220.35

17 53.40 226.98

¼ 54.19 233.70

½ 54.97 240.52

¾ 55.76 247.45

18 56.54 254.46

¼ 57.33 261.58

½ 58.11 268.80

¾ 58.90 276.11

19 59.69 283.52

¼ 60.47 291.03

½ 61.26 298.64

¾ 62.04 306.35

20 62.83 314.16

½ 64.40 330.06

21 65.97 346.36

½ 67.54 363.05

22 69.11 380.13

½ 70.68 397.60

23 72.25 415.47

½ 73.82 433.73

24 75.39 452.39

½ 76.96 471.43

25 78.54 490.87

½ 80.10 510.70

26 81.68 530.93

½ 83.25 551.54

27 84.82 572.55

½ 86.39 593.95

28 87.96 615.75

½ 89.53 637.94

29 91.10 660.52

½ 92.67 683.49

30 94.24 706.86

½ 95.81 730.61

31 97.38 754.76

½ 98.96 779.31

32 100.5 804.24

½ 102.1 829.57

33 103.6 855.30

½ 105.2 881.41

34 106.8 907.92

½ 108.3 934.82

35 109.9 962.11

½ 111.5 989.80

36 113.0 1017.8

½ 114.6 1046.3

37 116.2 1075.2

½ 117.8 1104.4

38 119.3 1134.1

½ 120.9 1164.1

39 122.5 1194.5

½ 124.0 1225.4

40 125.6 1256.6

½ 127.2 1288.2

41 128.8 1320.2

½ 130.3 1352.5

42 131.9 1385.4

½ 133.5 1418.6

43 135.0 1452.2

½ 136.7 1486.1

44 138.2 1520.5

½ 139.8 1555.2

45 141.3 1590.4

½ 142.9 1625.9

46 144.5 1661.9

½ 146.0 1698.2

47 147.6 1734.9

½ 149.2 1772.0

48 150.7 1809.5

½ 152.3 1847.4

49 153.9 1885.7

½ 155.5 1924.4

50 157.0 1963.5

½ 158.6 2002.9

51 160.2 2042.8

½ 161.7 2083.0

52 163.3 2123.7

½ 164.9 2164.7

53 166.5 2206.1

½ 168.0 2248.0

54 169.6 2290.2

½ 171.2 2332.8

55 172.7 2375.8

½ 174.3 2419.2

56 175.9 2463.0

½ 177.5 2507.1

57 179.0 2551.7

½ 180.6 2566.7

58 182.2 2642.0

½ 183.7 2687.8

59 185.3 2733.9

½ 186.9 2780.5

60 188.4 2827.4

½ 190.0 2874.7

EFFECTIVE PRESSURE OF STEAM ON PISTON.

With different rates of expansion, boiler pressure being assumed as 100 lbs. per square inch.

Steam cut off at ¾ of stroke = 90 lbs. effective pressure.

“““ ⅔ ““ = 80 “ ““

“““ ½ ““ = 69 “ ““

“““ ⅓ ““ = 50 “ ““

“““ ¼ ““ = 40 “ ““

MEASURE OF LENGTH.

12 inches 1 foot.

3 feet 1 yard.

2 yards 1 fathom.

16½ feet 1 rod.

4 rods 1 chain.

10 chains 1 furlong.

8 furlongs 1 mile.

3 miles 1 league.

MEASURE OF VOLUME.

A cubic foot has 1728 cubic inches.

An ale gallon has 282 “ “

A standard or wine gallon has 231 “ “

A dry gallon has 268.8 “ “

A bushel has 2150.4 “ “

A cord of wood has 128 “ feet.

A perch of stone has 24.75 “ “

A ton of round timber has 40 “ “

A ton of hewn timber has 50 “ “

A box 19⅜ × 19⅜ ins., 19⅜ ins. deep, contains 1 barrel.

A “ 12¹⁵/₁₆ × 12¹⁵/₁₆ ins., 12¹⁵/₁₆ ins. deep, “ 1 bushel.

A “ 8⅛ × 8⅛ ins., 8⅛ ins. deep, “ 1 peck.

A “ 6⁷/₁₆ × 6⁷/₁₆ ins., 6⁷/₁₆ ins. deep, “ ½ “

A “ 4¹/₁₆ × 4¹/₁₆ ins., 4¹/₁₆ ins. deep, “ 1 quart.

An acre contains 4840 sq. yds.

209 feet long by 209 feet broad is 1 acre.

LIQUID MEASURE.

A barrel holds 31½ gallons.

A hogshead holds 63 “

A tierce“ “ 42 “

A puncheon “ 84 “

A tun “ 252 “

BARREL MEASURE IN WEIGHT.

A barrel of flour is 196 pounds.

A barrel of pork is 200 “

A barrel of rice is 600 “

A firkin of butter is 56 “

A tub of butter is 84 “

WEIGHT OF CAST IRON BALLS.

Lbs.

2 inch diameter 1.09

2½ “ “ 2.13

3 “ “ 3.68

3½ “ “ 5.84

4 “ “ 8.73

4½ “ “ 12.42

5 “ “ 17.04

5½ “ “ 22.68

6 “ “ 29.48

6½ “ “ 37.44

7 “ “ 46.76

7½ “ “ 57.52

8 “ “ 69.81