The Three Voyages of William Barents to the Arctic Regions (1594, 1595, and 1596)

THE FYRST PART OF THE NAUIGATION INTO THE NORTH SEAS.

Reading edition

First, to shew our diligent and most toylesome labour and The first finding is hard, but the second attempt is easier. paynes taken, to find out the right course; which we could not bring to passe, as we well hoped, wished, and desired, and possible might haue found it, by crossing the seas, if we had taken the right course; if the ice and the shortnesse of time, and bad crosses had not hindered vs: and also to stoppe their mouthes, that report and say, that our proceeding therein was wholly vnprofitable and fruitelesse; which peraduenture in time to come, may turne vnto our great profite and commoditie. For he which proceedeth and continueth in a thing that seemeth to be impossible, is not to be discommended: but hee, that in regarde that the thing seemeth to be impossible, doth not proceed therein, but by his faint heartedness and sloath, wholly leaueth it off.

From thence they sailed 8 [32] miles east north-east, till the sunne was south-east [½ p. 7, A.M.], and casting out the lead, found ground at 140 fadom, being blacke slimie durt, at which time they tooke the high of the sun and found it to be 73 degrees and 6 minutes, and presently againe they cast out the lead, and had 130 fadome deepth, the ground being blacke slime. After that they sayled 6 [24] or 7 [28] miles further east north-east, till the sunne was north-west [½ p. 7, P.M.].

The 4 of July in the morning, they sailed 4 [16] miles east and by north, and casting out the lead found ground at 125 fadome, being slimie. That night the weather was mistie againe, and in the morning the wind was east; then they sailed 4 [16] miles south-east and by south, till the sunne was east [½ p. 4, A.M.], and then againe they cast out the lead, and found ground at 108 fadome, black durt; then they wound north-ward, and sailed 6 [24] miles, north north-east, and north-east and by north, vntill the sunne was south south-west [¾ p. 11, A.M.], and then they saw the land of Noua Zembla, lying south-east and by east 6 [24] or 7 [28] miles from them, where they had black durty ground at 105 fadome. Then they woond southward againe, and sailed 6 [24] miles, south and by west, till the sunne was west north-west [5, P.M.], there they had 68 fadome deepe, with durtie ground as before, the wind being south-east.

Then they wound north-ward againe and sailed 2 [8] miles, till the sunne was east south-east [½ p. 6, A.M.], and then againe found great store of ice, and after that sailed south-west and by south 3 [12] miles.

From thence they wound south-ward, and sailed south south-west 7 [28] or 8 [32] miles, and came againe by the land, that shewed to be 4 or 5 high hilles. Then they wound northward, and till euening sayled north 6 [24] miles, but there againe they found ice.

From thence they wound south-ward, and sailed south and by west 6 [24] miles, and then againe entred into ice.

The 15 of July, they wound south-ward againe, sayling south and by west 6 [24] miles, and in the morning were by the land of Noua Zembla againe, the sunne being about north-east [½ p. 1, A.M.].

From thence they wound north-ward againe, and sayled north and by east 7 [28] miles, and entred againe into the ice. Then they wound south-ward againe, the sunne being west [¾ p. 3, P.M.], and sailed south south-west, and south-west and by south 8 [32] or 9 [36] miles, vpon the 16 of July.

From thence they wound north-ward, and sailed north and by east 4 [16] miles; after that againe they wound west-ward, and sailed west and by south 4 [16] miles, and then they sailed north north-west 4 [16] miles, and then the wind blew north north-east, and it froze hard; this was upon the 17 of July.

From thence they wound north-ward and sailed north 8 [32] miles, with a west north-west wind and a mist, and till the 20 of July in the morning north-east and by north 3 [12] or 4 [16] miles; and when the sunne was east [½ p. 4, A.M.] they wound west, and till euening sailed south-west 5 [20] or 6 [24] miles, with mistie weather, and then south-west and by south 7 [28] miles, till the 21 of July in the morning.

Then they sailed 2 [8] miles north north-east and north and by east, and 2 [8] miles north-east, at 46 fadome deepe; after that they wound west-ward, and sailed west and by north 6 [24] miles; there it was 60 fadome deepe, muddy ground.

Then they wound eastward and sailed 3 [12] miles east and by north; then againe 9 [36] or 10 [40] miles east, and east and by south; and after that 5 [20] or 6 [24] miles east, and east and by south; and after that 5 [20] or 6 [24] miles more, east and by south, till euening, being the 24 of July; then againe 4 [16] miles south-east and by east, the wind being east north-east.

Then they woond north-ward, and till the 25 of July in the morning sailed north, and north and by west, 4 [16] miles; there they had 130 fadome deepe, muddie ground; then they sailed north-ward, where they had 100 fadome deepe, and there they saw the ice in the north-east; and then againe they sailed 2 [8] miles, north and by west.

Then they wounde againe from the land, north-east, about halfe a mile [2 miles], and were ouer against the sandes of 4 fadome deepe, betweene the rocke and the land, and there the sands were 10 fadome deepe, the ground being small black stones; then they sailed north-west a little while, till they had 43 fadome deepe, soft ground.

From thence they sailed north-east 4 [16] miles, upon the 27 of July, with an east south-east wind, and wound south-ward againe, where they found 70 fadome deepe, clay ground, and sayled south and south and by east 4 [16] miles, and came to a great creek; and a mile and a halfe [6 miles] from thence there lay a banke of sande of 18 fadome deepe, clay sandy ground, and betweene that sand or banke and the land it was 60 and 50 fadome deepe, the coast reaching east and west by the compasse.

Upon the 28 of July, they sailed 3 [12] miles north north-east, and after that wound south-ward, and sailed 6 [24] miles south south-east, and yet were then 3 [12] or 4 [16] miles from the land.

The first of August they turned their course to saile backe againe from the Islands of Orange, and sailed west and west by south 6 [24] miles to the Ice Point.

In the euening they wound north-ward againe, and sailed north and by east 2 [8] miles; then the winde came north, and therefore they wound west-ward againe, and sailed north north-west one mile [4 miles]; then the wind turned east, and with that they sailed from the 4 of August in the morning till noone west and by north 5 [20] or 6 [24] miles; after that they sailed till euening south-west 5 [20] miles and after that south-west 2 [8] miles more, and fell vpon a low flat land, which on the east-end had a white patche or peece of ground.

The 6 of August they sailed west south-west 2 [8] or 3 [12] miles; then south-west, and south-west and by south, 4 [16] or 5 [20] miles; then south-west and by west 3 [12] miles, and then south-west and by west 3 [12] miles; and after that west south-west and south-west and by south 3 [12] miles, till the 7 of August.

The 7 of August till noone they sailed 3 [12] miles west south-west, then 3 [12] miles west, and then they wound south-ward till euening, and sailed 3 [12] miles south-east and south-east and by east, then againe west south-west 2 [8] miles, after that they sailed south 3 [12] miles, till the 8 of August in the morning, with a west south-west winde.

The 8 of August they sailed south-east and by south 10 [40] miles, and then south-east and by east vntil euening 5 [20] miles, and then came to a low flat land, that lay south-west and by south, and north-east and by north, and so sailed 5 [20] miles more, and there they had 36 fadome deepe, 2 [8] miles from the land, the ground blacke sand; There they sailed towards the land, till they were at 12 fadome, and halfe a mile [2 miles] from the land it was stony ground.

From that island they sailed along by the land 4 [16] miles south-east and by south; there they came to 2 islands, whereof the uttermost lay a mile [4 miles] from the land; those islands they called S. Clara.

Then againe they sailed south-west and by west, and west south-west 3 [12] miles; there they had 70 fadome deepe, and so sayled till the thirteenth of August in the morning, south-west and by west foure [16] miles; two houres before they had ground at fiftie sixe fadome, and in the morning at fortie five fadome, soft muddy ground.

Then they sayled till noone sixe [24] miles south-west, and had twentie foure fadome deepe, black sandie ground; and within one houre after they had two and twentie fadome deepe, browne reddish sand; then they sailed sixe [24] miles south-west, with fifteene fadome deepe, red sand; after that two [8] miles south-west, and there it was fifteene fadome deepe, red sand, and there they sawe land, and sayled forward south-west untill evening, till we were within halfe a mile [2 miles] of the land, and there it was seven fadome deepe, sandy ground, the land being low flat downes reaching east and west.

When they were met together (as I sayd before) they made signes of ioy, discharging some of their ordinance, and were merry, the other shippes thinking that William Barents had sailed round about Noua Zembla, and had come backe againe through the Wei-gates: and after they had shewed each other what they had done, and made signs of ioy for their meeting, they set their course to turne backe againe for Holland; and vpon the 16 of August they went vnder the islands of Matfloe and Delgoy, and put into the road, because the wind was north-west, and lay there till the 18 of August.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · Namely, the United Provinces of the Netherlands. ↑Note 2 · The Amsterdam Latin version of 1598 has “Columbus, Cortesius, et Magellanus”. But the emendation is unnecessary, since the author evidently Note 3 · “Cicilia”, in the English original, can only be an error of the press. ↑Note 4 · Deur ende weer deur de Linie—passing and repassing the Line. ↑Note 5 · De witte Zee—the White Sea. ↑Note 6 · The adverb of affirmation, now written ay. A striking instance of its use occurs in Romeo and Juliet:— “Hath Romeo slaine himself? say thou Note 7 · Thus it appears that Gerrit de Veer was not on the first voyage, as has been supposed by some writers. ↑Note 8 · By the Russians called Nóvaya Zémlya, i.e., “the New Land”. ↑Note 9 · Namely, between Nóvaya Zémlya and Spitzbergen, which latter was, by Barentsz and his companions, thought to be a part of Greenland. ↑Note 10 · The Sea of Kara, east of Nóvaya Zémlya. ↑Note 11 · This country, which was discovered by the Hollanders on their third voyage, has since proved to be Spitzbergen. ↑Note 12 · The same is repeated by Sir John Barrow (Chronological History of Voyages, etc., pp. 148, 185), who questions the fact asserted by Hudson, o Note 13 · Intended. ↑Note 14 · As is shown in the Introduction, the proper name of this able navigator is Willem Barentszoon, that is, William, the son of Barent or Bernar Note 15 · May 29th, 1594. ↑Note 16 · The island of Kildin, on the coast of Russian Lapland, in 69° 18′ north latitude, and 34° 20′ longitude east of Greenwich. ↑Note 17 · Dutch or German miles of fifteen to the degree; so that one such mile is equal to four English sea miles, or geographical miles of sixty to Note 18 · A rude way of determining the time by the bearing of the sun, customary among seamen of all nations in those days, for want of portable time Note 19 · Schoverseylen—the courses, or sails on the lower masts. ↑Note 20 · O. ten n.—east by north. ↑Note 21 · Tots avonds—till the evening. ↑Note 22 · Oozy, muddy. ↑Note 23 · Een quartier—one watch; the duration of which was, as usual, four hours. ↑Note 24 · I.e., they found themselves to be in 70° 45′ north latitude, by means of an observation of the sun. ↑Note 25 · Small black specks. ↑Note 26 · Wendense weder noordwaert over—they again tacked to the north. Phillip uses throughout the expression “to wind” in the sense of “to tack”. ↑Note 27 · Van deeldagh af—from noon. ↑Note 28 · Groote holle schulpen—large hollow shells. ↑Note 29 · The first watch, beginning at 8 o’clock P.M. ↑Note 30 · “Table.”—Ph. Evidently a misprint. ↑Note 31 · Een schover zeyl—one course, namely, the main-sail. ↑Note 32 · Wierpent aen de wint—they hauled close to the wind. ↑Note 33 · Graedt-boogh—rendered Radius astronomicus in the Amsterdam Latin version of 1598, and Ray nautique in the French version of the same year an Note 34 · Noch (now spelt nog)—again. ↑Note 35 · Den 4 Julij des nachts—on the 4th of July, at night. ↑Note 36 · Graed-boogh. See the preceding page, note 1. ↑Note 37 · So in the original. But the sense requires “north-east and by north”, that being the next point to N.N.E. ↑Note 38 · Een laghe uytstekenden hoeck—a low projecting point. Through some misconception, Phillip repeatedly has “long” for “low”. ↑Note 39 · Laghe—low. ↑Note 40 · Capo Baxo—Low Point. From the long connection of the Netherlands with Spain, the Dutch navigators appear to have employed the Spanish langua Note 41 · Eenderley aert van voghelen—a certain kind of birds. This strange mistake of the translator has given occasion to frequent comment. It is th Note 42 · Een laeghen slechten hoeck, ende daer leyt een cleijn Eylandeken by, van den hoeck af zeewaerts in, so was noch by oosten dien laeghen hoeck Note 43 · Het Admiraliteyts Eyland—Admiralty Island. ↑Note 44 · “One.”—Ph. ↑Note 45 · Capo Negro. ↑Note 46 · Usually written Pampus. A bar of mud and sand near Amsterdam, at the junction of the Y with the Zuyder Zee. This simile calls to mind that o Note 47 · Willems Eyland. ↑Note 48 · Met zijn groote quadrant—With his large quadrant. ↑Note 49 · This is not correctly stated, since it is the sun’s zenith distance, and not its elevation above the horizon, that was 53° 5′. The observati Note 50 · The original has 53° 5′ both here and two lines lower down. There is consequently an error of 1′ in the calculation. The correction should b Note 51 · So in the original; but it should be 75° 56′. ↑Note 52 · Een ghedierte—an animal. ↑Note 53 · A proof, among many others, that the west coast of Nóvaya Zémlya had previously been visited by the Russians. ↑Note 54 · Berenfort—Bear Creek. It might be better written Beren-voert; as the word voert—which is apparently either the Danish fiord, or else the old Note 55 · Palde hem altemet wat aen—poked him now and then (with the boat-hook. ↑Note 56 · Van de voorschuyt—from the fore-part of the boat. ↑Note 57 · “20 of July.”—Ph. ↑Note 58 · Het Eylandt mette Cruycen—the Island with the Crosses. ↑Note 59 · The mainland of Nóvaya Zémlya. ↑Note 60 · Steeck gront—stiff ground. ↑Note 61 · Tot den Hoeck van Nassowen—to Cape Nassau. ↑Note 62 · Laghe—low. ↑Note 63 · Noordt-oost—north-east. ↑Note 64 · “The existence of the land said to have been seen by the Hollanders to the eastward of Cape Nassau is exceedingly doubtful. They themselves Note 65 · Marseylen—topsails. ↑Note 66 · Eenighe ys schollen—some pieces of drift ice. ↑Note 67 · Wenden zijt weder aen de wint—they again hauled close to the wind. ↑Note 68 · So veel als men uyten mars oversien mocht, altemael een effen velt ys. This passage is deserving of special notice, on account of the follow Note 69 · See page 7, note 4. ↑Note 70 · 77° 20′ N. lat. ↑Note 71 · In groote menichte van ys schollen—among a great quantity of drift ice. ↑Note 72 · Een velt ys—a field of ice. ↑Note 73 · In 77° 15′ N. lat. ↑Note 74 · The main land of Nóvaya Zémlya. ↑Note 75 · 76° 55′ N. lat. ↑Note 76 · Capo de Nassauw’. ↑Note 77 · N.W. ten N.—N.W. by north. ↑Note 78 · N. ten W.—N. by W. ↑Note 79 · Ys schollen—drift ice. ↑Note 80 · N.N.O.—N.N.E. ↑Note 81 · 76° 55′ N. lat. ↑Note 82 · N. ten W.—N. by W. ↑Note 83 · Ende quamen weder by ’t landt aen de Cape des Troosts—and came again close to the land at Cape Comfort. ↑Note 84 · This word is not in the original; and it is inconsistent, as in the next line their course is stated to have been N.N.E. ↑Note 85 · Graedt-boogh. See page 10, note 1. ↑Note 86 · So in the original. It should be 76° 15′. ↑Note 87 · In like manner as on the 7th July (see page 14), it is the sun’s zenith distance that is here recorded instead of its altitude. ↑Note 88 · Noordt oost ten oosten—N.E. by east. ↑Note 89 · Des selfden nachts—the same night. The sun was then constantly above the horizon. ↑Note 90 · Metten graedtboogh, astrolabium ende quadrant. ↑Note 91 · De aldernoordelijckste hoeck van Nova Sembla genaemt Ys hoeck—the northernmost point, etc. ↑Note 92 · Most probably marcasite or iron pyrites. Frobisher’s third voyage to “Meta Incognita”, with fifteen vessels, was principally for the purpose Note 93 · Z. ten O.—S. by E. ↑Note 94 · Oost wel so zuydelijck—east a little south. ↑Note 95 · Laveerden—“laveered”, i.e., advanced by repeated short tacks. ↑Note 96 · “Baste”—Ph. A misprint. ↑Note 97 · Een schots ys—a piece of drift ice. ↑Note 98 · A critical history of this animal is given in “Anatomische und Zoologische Untersuchungen über das Wallross (Trichechus Rosmarus) &c. von Dr Note 99 · “Bathing”—Ph. A misprint. ↑Note 100 · Cortelassen—cutlasses. Plate CIII, of Dr. Meyrick’s Ancient Arms and Armour (vol. ii) contains a representation of an “Andrew Ferrara”, whic Note 101 · Tottet Eglandt van Oraengien. ↑Note 102 · Intended. ↑Note 103 · Namely, those of Zeelandt and Enkhuysen, from which they had separated at Kildin on the 29th of June. ↑Note 104 · De Weygats ofte Strafe de Nassou. This name has given occasion to much curious criticism. The Dutch, not unnaturally, have sought its explan Note 105 · De Cape des Troosts—Cape Comfort; the same which Phillip had previously translated “Cape Trust”. See page 22, note 4. ↑Note 106 · Swarte heuvels ghelijck boeren huysen—black hillocks, like peasants’ huts. ↑Note 107 · Ende quamen by een laghen slechten hoeck te landt aen de Cape de Nassauwen—and came to a low, flat point, at Cape Nassau. ↑Note 108 · “5 miles”—Ph. ↑Note 109 · Het swarte Eylandt. ↑Note 110 · Zijt aen de wint leyden—they lay to the wind. ↑Note 111 · Oliphier Brunel. A native of Brussels, properly named Oliver Bunel, who traded to the north coasts of Russia in a vessel from Enckhuysen, an Note 112 · Costincsarch, in the original Dutch text; Costinclarch, in the Amsterdam French version of 1598; Constint-sarch, or Constantin zaar, as it i Note 113 · Schlecten—flat. ↑Note 114 · Cruijs-hoeck. ↑Note 115 · Slecht water—shallow water. ↑Note 116 · Steeck grondt—stiff ground. ↑Note 117 · Slechten—flat. ↑Note 118 · Den vijfden hoeck ofte S. Laurens hoeck. ↑Note 119 · Schans hoeck. “Barrow (p. 141) calls this headland Sion’s Point.”—Lütke, p. 20. This is clearly a clerical or typographical error for “Sconc Note 120 · Leydent zeewaerts in—tacked to seaward. ↑Note 121 · Des middaeghs—at noon. ↑Note 122 · Om den derden hoeck—near the third point. ↑Note 123 · Laghe—low. ↑Note 124 · Aent last vast: a typographical error in the original Dutch. It should be aent landt vast. ↑Note 125 · Om onsent wil gevlucht waren—were fled on our account. ↑Note 126 · Ende een gotelincks schoot van daer stont noch een cruijs—and a falconet-shot from thence stood another cross. Lütke (p. 20) criticises Barr Note 127 · Veel tonnen duyghen—a quantity of pipe-staves. Here is a curious double error. In the first place, as duyghen are “staves” (for casks), tonn Note 128 · Daer deur wy vermoeden datter eenighen Salm-vang moeste zijn—whence we conjectured that there must be some salmon fishery here. ↑Note 129 · By de graven—by the graves. ↑Note 130 · Lodding (intended for the Russian word lodya)—a boat. ↑Note 131 · Meel-haven—apparently the Strogonov Bay of Lütke, who, in his account of his third voyage (p. 316), speaks of a tradition, according to whic Note 132 · Den 12 Aug.—on the 12th of August (omitted). ↑Note 133 · Ende wendent tzeewaert in aen de wint—and tacked to seaward, hugging the wind. ↑Note 134 · Van den eylanden—from the islands. ↑Note 135 · Guessed. ↑Note 136 · The large island of Kólguev, situate between Kanin Nos (Cape Kanin) and the entrance of the River Petchora. Its north-western extremity, acc Note 137 · Vlack water—shallow water. ↑Note 138 · Marseylen—topsails. ↑Note 139 · Leyde aen de wind—lay to the wind. ↑Note 140 · This note of the bearing of the sun is only approximative, since the observation of the variation of the needle made on July 3rd (p. 10), sh Note 141 · Matvyéyeva Ostrov and Dolgoi Ostrov, that is, Matvyéyev’s Island and Long Island.—Lütke, p. 20. ↑Note 142 · These vessels were the Swan of Der Veere in Zeelandt, commanded by Cornelis Corneliszoon Nai, and the Mercury of Enckhuysen, commanded by Br Note 143 · Een ruyme zee—an open sea. ↑Note 144 · Omtrent de lenghte van de revier Obi—about the longitude of the river Obi. In this, however, they were in error, as they were still only on Note 145 · De Caep Tabijn—the northernmost extremity of Siberia, now known by the name of Cape Taimur or Taimyr. It is the Tabis of Pliny. ↑Note 146 · Uythoeck—the furthest point. ↑Note 147 · Nae’t z. o. en voort nae’t zuyden—towards south-east, and then south-wards. ↑Note 148 · Staten Eylandt—the Myasnoi Ostrov (Flesh Island) of the Russians.—Lütke, p. 31. ↑Note 149 · Van cristal montaigne—of rock-crystal. ↑Note 150 · Dreven—drifted. ↑Note 151 · Steijlhoeckigh—precipitous. ↑Note 152 · Kanin Nos, or Cape Kanin, at the north-eastern extremity of the White Sea, in 68° 33′ 18″ N. lat., and 43° 16′ 30″ E long.—Lütke, p. 341. ↑Note 153 · W.n.w.—W.N.W. ↑Note 154 · Waerhuysen—Wardhous, at the north-eastern extremity of Finmark, is in 70° 22′ N. lat., and 31° 5′ 35″ E. long. ↑Note 155 · Op kermis dagh—on the day of the (Amsterdam) fair. During the time that Louis Bonaparte was King of Holland, the fair-day was changed from t Note 156 · Not the nearness of the North Pole, but the Ice in the Tartarian sea, causeth the greatest cold. Wee haue assuredly found, that the onely an Note 157 · First you must understand, that in anno 1594 there was 4 ships set foorth out of the vnited Prouinces, whereof two were of Amsterdam, one of Note 158 · Upon the fifth of June they sailed out of the Texel, and hauing a good wind and faire weather, vpon the 23 of June, they arrived at Kilduin Note 159 · The 29 of June, at foure of the clocke in the after noone, they set saile out of Kilduin, and so 13 [52] or 14 [56] miles17 out-right sailed Note 160 · The 30 of June they sayled east north-east 7 [28] miles, till the sunne was east south-east [about half-past six o’clock in the morning],18 Note 161 · From whence the same day they sailed east north-east20 5 [20] miles, till the sunne was full south [¾ past 10, A.M.], hauing the wind north,Note 162 · The 1 of July, after they had sailed one quarter23 4 [16] miles east, and east and by north, early in the morning they cast out the lead, an Note 163 · Then againe they sailed 2 [8] miles south-east, and then woond26 northward with an east north-east wind, and after sailed 6 [24] miles north Note 164 · The same day from morning till noone, they sailed 3 [12] or 4 [16] miles east north-east, the wind blowing stiffe south-east, whereby at noo Note 165 · On Sunday in the morning, being the 3 of July, it was very faire and cleare weather, the wind blowing south-west, at which time William Bare Note 166 · Then they woond east-ward and sailed 6 [24] miles east and by south, at which time,35 William Barents took the height of the sunne with his Note 167 · Then they woond east-ward and sailed 5 [20] miles, east and by south, and east south-east, and past by a long point of land that lay out int Note 168 · Three [12] or foure [16] miles from Langenes east north-east, there lay a long39 point, and a mile [4 miles] east-ward from the said point t Note 169 · From Cape Bapo to the west point of Lombsbay north-east and by north are 5 [20] miles, and betweene them both there are 2 creekes. Lombsbay Note 170 · The east point of Lombsbay is a long narrow point, and by it there lyeth an island, and from that long point to seaward in, there is a great Note 171 · From the east end of the Admirals Island, to Cape Negro,45 that is the Black Pointe, they sailed about 5 [20] or 6 [24] miles, east north-ea Note 172 · The 6 of July, the sunne being north [½ p. 10, P.M.], they came right before the Blacke Point with faire weather: this Blacke Point lyeth vn Note 173 · The 7 of July they sailed from Williams Island, and then William Barents tooke the height of the sunne with his cross-staffe,48 and found it Note 174 · The 9 of July they entered into Beeren-fort,54 vpon the road vnder Williams Island, and there they found a white beare, which they perceiuin Note 175 · The 10 of July,57 they sailed out of Beren-fort for Williams Island, and the same day in the morning got to the Island of Crosses,58 and the Note 176 · From the Island of Crosses to the point of Cape Nassawe,61 they sailed east, and east and by north, about 8 [32] miles: it is a long62 flat Note 177 · From Nassaw Point they sailed east and by south, and east south-east 5 [20] miles, and then they thought that they saw land in north-east an Note 178 · The 11 of July their boat was by a great wave of the sea sunke to the ground, and by that meanes they lost it, and after that they drave wit Note 179 · The 13 of July at night, they found great store of ice, as much as they could descrie out of the top, that lay as if it had been a plaine fi Note 180 · The 14 of July they wound northward againe, and sayled with 2 schower sailes69 north and by east, and north north-east 5 [20] or 6 [24] mile Note 181 · Then they wound east-ward, and sailed east till noone, 3 [12] miles, and after that east and by south 3 [12] miles; from thence about euenin Note 182 · Then they sayled about 2 houres south-east, and east south-east, with mystie weather, and came to a flake of ice,72 which was so broad that Note 183 · The same day William Barents tooke the height of the sun with his astrolabium, and then they were under 77 degrees and a ¼ of the Pole,73 an Note 184 · Then they sailed till the 19 of July in the morning, west south-west, 6 [24] or 7 [28] miles, with a north-west wind and mistie weather; and Note 185 · Then they wound north-ward againe, and from morning till euening sailed north-west and by west 9 [36] miles, with mistie weather, and againe Note 186 · After that they wound north-ward againe, and sailed north-west and by north 3 [12] miles, and then 2 [8] miles north-west;78 and in the morn Note 187 · Then they woond south-ward towards the ice, and sailed south-east one mile [4 miles]; after that they wound north-ward againe, and sailed no Note 188 · The 25 of July at night, they took the height of the sunne, when it was at the lowest between north and north-east,80 and north-east and by Note 189 · The 26 of July, in the morning, they sailed 6 [24] miles south south-east, till the sunne was south-west [1, P.M.], and then south-east 6 [2 Note 190 · Then they wound north-ward againe, and sailed north north-east 2 [8] or 3 [12] miles; from thence they wound south-ward, and sailed south so Note 191 · In the euening they wound [stife84] north-ward, and sailed 3 [12] miles north north-east; that day it was mistie, and in the night cleare, a Note 192 · The 28 of July, the height of the sun being taken at noone with the astrolobiū, it was found to be eleuated aboue the horizon 57 degrees and Note 193 · Then againe, the sunne being about south-west [1, P.M.], they wound north-ward, and sailed one mile [4 miles] north north-east, and then wou Note 194 · The same day89 the height of the sunne being taken, it was found to be 76 degrees and 24 minutes, and then they sailed north-east 3 [12] mil Note 195 · The 29 of July the height of the sunne being taken with the crosse-staffe, astrolabium, and quadrant,90 they found it to bee eleuated aboue Note 196 · There they found certaine stones that glistered like gold, which for that cause they named gold-stones,92 and there also they had a faire ba Note 197 · Upon the same day they wound south-ward againe, and sailed south-east93 2 [8] miles betweene the land and the ice, and after that from the I Note 198 · Those sea-horses that lay basking99 themselues vpon the land, our men, supposing that they could not defend themselues being out of the wate Note 199 · After that W. Barents had begun this uoyage vpon the fifth of June, 1594, and at that time (as I sayd before) set saile out of the Texell, t Note 200 · From the Ice Point to the Cape of Comfort,105 they sailed west and somewhat south 30 [120] miles: betweene them both there lyeth very high l Note 201 · Upon the 3 of August, from the Cape of Comfort they wound north-ward, and sailed 8 [32] miles north-west and by north, and north north-west;Note 202 · After that they sailed till morning, being the 5 of August, west south-west 12 [48] miles,108 then south-west 14 [56] miles, and then west 3 Note 203 · From thence the land reacheth south-ward for 3 [12] miles, to the other low point that had a blacke rocke lying close by it; and from thence Note 204 · There W. Barents tooke the height of the sunne, it being vnder 71 degrees and ⅓; and there they found a great creeke, which William Barents Note 205 · From the Blacke Island, they sailed south and south and by east to another small113 point 3 [12] miles, on which point there stood a crosse,Note 206 · From Crosse Point they sailed along by the land south south-east 4 [16] miles, and then came to another small117 point, which behinde it had Note 207 · From S. Laurence Bay, south south-east 2 [8] miles to Sconce Point, there lay a long123 blacke rocke, close by the land,124 whereon there st Note 208 · From the black rocke or cliffe with the crosse, 2 [8] miles south south-east, there lay a low island a little into the sea, from whence they Note 209 · Then they entered into the ice again, and wound inward to sea, in the wind,133 and sailed from the island134 vntill evening, west south-west Note 210 · Then they wound from the land and sailed north, and north and by east 4 [16] miles; from thence they wound to land againe, and sayled til th Note 211 · The same daye the sunne being south-west,140 William Barents tooke the height thereof, and found it to be elevated above the horizon 35 degr Note 212 · The ship of Enck-huysen had past the straights of Wey-gates, and said, that at the end of Wey-gates he had found a large sea,143 and that th Note 213 · The 18 of August they set saile, and went forward west north-west, and almost west and by north, and so sailed 12 [48] miles; and then west Note 214 · From thence they sailed 4 [16] miles north north-west, and then north-west and by north 4 [16] miles, and 3 [12] miles more north-west, and Note 215 · In de ruyme Zee—in the open sea. ↑Note 216 · N. ten o.—N. by E. ↑Note 217 · Middernacht—midnight. ↑Note 218 · The 4 ships aforesaid being returned home about harvest-time, in anno 1594, they were in good hope that the voiage aforesaid would be done, Note 219 · In anno 1595, the generall States of the vnited prouinces, and Prince Maurice, caused seuen shippes to bee prepared to sayle through the Wey Note 220 · First, after we had been mustered at Amsterdam, and euery man taken an oath that was then purposely ministered vnto vs,14 vpon the 18 of Jun Note 221 · Then wee wound north and north and by east, about sixteene [64] miles, till the twelue of July,16 and then north and by west tenne [40] mile Note 222 · After that, wee sayled full north-east28 16 [64] myles, till the 28 of July, the sunne being east [½ p. 4 A.M.]. Then we wound about againe Note 223 · Raeckte aen de grondt—ran a-ground. ↑Note 224 · Graedtboogh. See page 10, note 2. ↑Note 225 · Dweers deur de groote ronde—right through the great circle (of the former rainbow). ↑Note 226 · By malcanderen quamen—approached each other. ↑Note 227 · During four hours. ↑Note 228 · 5 mylen groot—twenty English miles in circumference. ↑Note 229 · The sixth of June, about foure of the clocke in the after-noone, wee entred againe into the ice, which was so strong that wee could not pass