INDEX.
Reading edition
Adams (Clement), his account of the first attempt to discover a north-east passage to China, lxiv
Admiralty Island, cxxxviii, 13, 90, 218
Afgoden Hoeck, see Idol Cape
Alert, one of the ships of the English expedition of 1875, i
Alferius (or Oliver), opinions as to his identity with Oliver Brunel, vii, viii, xlii, l; the bearer of a letter from John Balak to Gerard Mercator, xci; a captive in Russia sent by Yacovius and Unekius to Antwerp, ib.; had visited the river Ob, ib.; his proposal for a voyage of discovery to the north-east, xciii
Alpha, schooner, commanded by F. Torkildsen, xliii
Ameckers, Russian merchants, release Brunel, who enters their service, viii, x; their identity with the brothers Anikiew, viii
Amsterdam (the city of), sends out an expedition to the North Pole in 1611, xxxiv; on the first expedition sends Barents round by the north of Novaya Zemlya, cv; on the second expedition sends two ships in company with the others through the Strait of Nassau, cxii; alone equips two ships for the third expedition, 70
Amsterdam Island, xxvii
Andriesz. (Claes), one of the third expedition, dies, 198
Anian (Strait of), xxxvi, 149
Anikiew (Jakov) and (Grigory), obtain the release of Olivier Brunel, x; he becomes their commercial agent, xi
Anikyi, see Unekius
Archangel, first settlement there, xii; the English go thither from Rose Island, xii; first called Novo Kholmogorui, lxx
Archiv für Wissenschäftliche Kunde von Russland contains accounts of Russian expeditions since 1690, xxxvii
Ardoh river, falls into the lake of Kittay, xl
Arensburg, xiii
Arthus (Gotard), adopts a work of Hessell Gerard without recognition, lxxxviii
Asher, reference in his work “Hudson the Navigator” to Barents’s chart, xxvi
Baer (Professor von), his opinions respecting the geography of Novaya Zemlya, cxxxiv, cxxxvi, cxxxvii, cxxxix; critical history of the walrus, 25
Balak (John), his letter to Gerard Mercator, xcii, 261
Balboa (Vasco Nunez de) discovers the Pacific Ocean, 2
Barber-surgeon, 125, 193
Barents or Barentszoon (William), the track of his third voyage incorrectly laid down by Dr. Beke, xvii; extract from his log preserved in Gerard’s “Histoire du Pays nommé Spitzbergen”, xvii, et seq.; the log not written by Barents according to Dr. Beke, xxii; refutation of that opinion, xxii, et seq.; direction of his true track, xxv, xxvi; the question treated of by Mr. P. A. Tiele, xxv; the track in the chart of J. Hondius’ “Tabula Geographica”, a drawing after Barents himself, xxvi; his winter house discovered in 1871, ii, xlvi; relics found there, xlvi, xlvii, l; description of them in detail, lii–lxii; their discovery made known in Holland in February 1872, li; they become the possession of Mr. Lister Kay, ib.; by him transferred to the Netherlands Government, ib.; finally deposited in the Naval Department at the Hague, lii; his journal found in 1875, v, lxii; a Dutch translation of that of Pet and Jackman, ib.; commander of the Mercury of Amsterdam on the first voyage, civ, 6; his biography, cv; wrote the account of the first voyage, cvi; his character, ib.; various ways of spelling his name, ib.; sailed from Texel, cvii, 6; separates from Nai and Tetgales, ib.; account of his voyage, cviii; difficulties and return, cix; accuracy of his observations, cx, cxl; his great discoveries, xcix; meets again with the other vessels, cx, 36; returns to Holland, cx, 39; difference between his report and that of Linschoten, cx; had gone further than Nai and Tetgales, cxi; on the second voyage is pilot-major of the fleet, aboard the Greyhound, cxiii; goes on shore, cxvi, 57; his dispute with the admiral, cxvi, 60; resolves on proceeding, cxvii; proposes to winter there, cxviii; observes the tides in the Kara Sea, cxix; his note thereon, 273; again attempts to proceed, cxix; signs protest with the other commanders, ib.; his scruples, cxxi; arrives in the Maas, cxxii; on the third voyage accompanies Heemskerck as chief pilot, cxxvii; reasons why he did not command, ib.; his relation to Heemskerck and the crew, cxxviii; differs with J. C. Rijp as to their course, xxviii, xxix, cxxix, 72, 75; further disputes and separation, cxxxi, 85; journal of third voyage wrongly attributed to him, cxxxii; reaches Novaya Zemlya, cxxxiii; speaks with Heemskerck about returning home in the boats, cxliii, 177; writes a letter to be left at Novaya Zemlya, 189; his last words, 195, 198; dies, 198; his belief in the practicability of a north-east passage to China, clix, 6
Barents’s Land, the north-eastern portion of Novaya Zemlya proposed to be so called, cxl
Barents’s Sea, the sea between Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya proposed to be so named, cxli
Barnacles, see Brent-geese
Barrow (Sir John), his observations on Olivier Brunel and on Kostin Shar, ci; references to his “Chronological History”, lxxx, 5, 32, 33, 79, 149
Bassendine (James), his commission from the Russia Company, lxxi
Bast, boat sewed together with, 55
Baxo (Cape), 12
Bears, combats with, 15, 26, 62, 75, 78, 90, 95, 106, 113, 118, 154, 169, 181, 188, 207, 213, 216; two men killed by a bear, cxviii, 62; the crew made ill by eating a bear’s liver, 183
Bear Island, xviii, xxi, xxvi; its discovery by the Dutch, cxxix; why so named, ib.; its situation, 76, 85
Beechey (Captain), references to his “Voyage towards the North Pole”, lxxiv, lxxxi, clxxii
Beeldthoeck, see Image Cape
Beer, see Sprucebeer
Beerenfort, or Bear Creek, 15
Behouden-huis, or House of Safety, see House
Beke (Charles J.), editor of the first edition of this work in 1853, ii; facts discovered since then, ib.; his opinion as to the identity of Olivier Brunel with Alferius, vii; his track of Barents’s third voyage incorrect, xvii; his opinion as to the authenticity of Barents’s log, quoted by Gerard refuted by Mr. Muller, xxii
Bell Sound, xxviii
Bennel, name erroneously given to Brunel by J. R. Forster, c
Bennet (Stephen), his voyage to Bear Island in 1603, 76
Bering’s Strait, cix
Bibliography of De Veer’s work, clvi–clxxii
Bibliography of Linschoten’s voyages, cxxii–cxxvi
Bilberries, 249
Bird Cape, xxi, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, cxxxi
Blackberries, 249
Black Island, 30
Black Point, see Cape Negro
Boat lost in a storm, 17
Boats parted from each other, 236; meet again, 244
Bodan, Anthony Marsh’s man, imprisoned and whipped by the Russians, lxxxv
Bolvánovsky Nos, lxx
Bona Confidencia, and Bona Esperanza, two vessels of Sir Hugh Willoughby’s expedition, lxv
Bosman (Cornelis Fennisz.), commander of the ship De Kat in the expedition of 1624, xxxvi; succeeds in penetrating Pet’s Strait, ib.; driven back thither, ib.; returns to Holland, xxxvii
Bow Bell (Clerk of the), verses on him preserved by Stow, cxlix
Brandt Ysbrantsz., see Tetgales
Brant’s Bay, 65
Brent-geese and their eggs, found at Spitzbergen, 79; their fabulous breed, ib.
Britwin Cape, cxxxvi
Browne (Oliver), see Brunel
Browne (Richard), his commission from the Russia Company, lxxi
Brownell, Oliver Brunel so called by Hudson, xcviii
Brunel (Oliver), reaches the Obi by land, vi; sent by the Dutch to Kholmogory, vii; the founder of their White Sea trade, ib.; their first arctic navigator, ib.; his identity with Alferius maintained, viii, ix; his history by Mr. S. Muller, ix, et seq.; birth and early career, ix; goes to Kholmogory, ix; imprisoned by the Russian Government but subsequently released, x; acts as agent to Russian merchants in expeditions to the East, ib.; is taken by a Russian guide to Kostin Shar, ib.; opens up Russian trade with the Dutch, and establishes the commerce of the Netherlands with the White Sea, xi; sent to Holland to commission men for a Russian expedition to the North-East, xiii; his interview with J. Balak, ib.; who gives him a letter to G. Mercator, xiii, xcii; abandons his Russian connection and undertakes a voyage to the North-East in 1584, xiv; unable to pass Pet Strait, ib.; result of the voyage, ib.; enters the Danish service, xv; makes three fruitless attempts to discover the lost Greenland colonies, xv; uncertainty as to his subsequent career, xv, and death, xvi; Knight’s journal, quoted by Purchas, partly written by him, xv; reasons for supposing he entered the English service, xv; his voyage to Novaya Zemlya and discovery of Kostin Shar, xcv; supposed to be the same as Alferius, ib.; his voyage one of the causes of the Dutch expeditions, xcviii, cii; land-locked near Mezhdusharsky Ostrov and rescued by a Russian, xcvi; shipwrecked and lost at the mouth of the Pechora, xcvii, xcix; not an Englishman, but a native of Brussels, xcviii
Bry (de), his translation of Gerard’s tract on Spitzbergen, cxxxi
Buchelius, papers of, in the Archives of Utrecht, xiv
Bunel (Oliver), see Brunel
Burrough (Stephen), his voyage in the Searchthrift, lxviii; and return, lxx; discovers Burrough’s Strait, lxxi
Burrough’s Strait, the Karskoi Vorota or Kara Strait so called, xxxviii, xlii–xliv, lxxi, lxxxvii
Burrow-ducks, 214, 215
Buysen (Ian van), one of the third expedition who returns to Holland, 257
Cabot (Sebastian) concerned in fitting out Sir Hugh Willoughby’s expedition, lxiv
Camen Bolshay, lxix
Candinaes or Caninoz, see Kanin Nos
Cant (Capo de), 219
Cape Baxo, see Baxo; and other Capes under their respective names
Carlsen (Captain Elling) sails in a small fishing-boat through Pet Strait, xli; reaches White Island without meeting with ice, ib.; makes a vast capture of blubber-yielding animals, ib.; his voyage in the Solid, xlv, et seq.; leaves Hammerfest in 1871, xlv; rounds Novaya Zemlya and anchors at Cape Hooft, ib.; meets with Captain Mack; very correct observations taken by them, ib.; they correct the longitude of the N.E. point of Novaya Zemlya, ib.; confirms the calculations of the old Dutch navigators, xlvi; extract from his log, xlvi, et seq.; discovers Barents’s winter house, ib.; articles seen there, xlvi; sails along the coast, xlvii; returns to Ice Harbour, finds other articles in Barents’s house, xlvii; further investigates the ruins, xlvii; erects a cairn and sets sail, xlviii; determines to return home by circumnavigating the island, ib.; difficulties with the ice, ib.; a storm places the ship in great danger, ib.; meets at length with open water, sails through Burrough Strait, and reaches home, xlix
Carpenter dies, and is buried in Novaya Zemlya, 108
Carrah Colmak or Cathay, xciv
Casting Sarch, lxxxix; see Kostin Shar
Cathay, the same as Carrah Colmak, xciv
Chancellor (Richard), pilot-major of Sir Hugh Willoughby’s fleet, lxvii; enters the White Sea, lxvii; goes to the court of Muscovy, ib.
Cherry (Sir Francis) sends a ship to Bear Island, cxxix
Cherry Island, see Bear Island
Cloud-berries, 249
Cloven Cliff, xxvii
Coasting Search, ci; see Kostin Shar
Cochima, see Kotschmare
Coffins found at Novaya Zemlya, 33
Cola, see Kola
Colf, played by the Dutch in Novaya Zemlya, 168, 177
Colgoy (Island of), see Kolguev
Colmogro, lxx
Comfort (Cape), 22, 28, 92, 199
Compass, variation of the, cxli, 10, 75, 77, 84, 92, 154, 230, 234, 236
Conjunction of the Moon and Jupiter, cliv; its time calculated by Mr. Vogel, 146; remarkable circumstances attending it, clv, 147
Constant Search, Constinsarch, c, see Kostin Shar
Cardona in Spain, ice compared to the salt rocks there, 103
Cornelisz. (Claes), mate of the Mercury, civ
Cornelisz. (Ian), see Rijp
Cornelisz. (Pieter), one of the crew who returns to Holland, 257
Costing Sarch, Costin-sarca, see Kostin Shar
Cross Bay, cxxxvii
Crosses (Island of) 16, 90, 114
Cross Point, cxv, 31, 54, 56, 222
Cross-staff, description of, 10
Crow-bar, various names for, 100
Crystal, see Rock Crystal
Current along the western coast of Novaya Zemlya, cxxxv, 266
Cutlas, derivation of the word, 26
Danish Island, xxvii
De Craen, Dutch vessel commanded by S. W. Cat in the expedition of 1611, xxxiv
Dedication of De Veer’s work to the States General, clvii
Deer, see Reindeer
Deer Point, clxxiii, 271
De Freia, Norwegian schooner, commanded by Capt. Nilsen in his voyage of 1872, xxv
De la Dale (François), supercargo of the Swan on the first expedition, civ; chief commissioner with Linschoten on the second expedition, cxiii; instructions given to them, ib.
Delgoy, see Dolgoi
De Moucheron, see Moucheron
Desire (Cape), xxxviii, cxxxix, 97
De Veer (Gerrit), author of the present work, makes no mention of the name Spitsbergen, xxiii; Barents’s log contains peculiarities not found in De Veer’s work, ib.; Barents’s statements the more correct, xxiv; explanation of such differences as may appear between him and Linschoten, cxxvi, cxxvii; character of his work, cxliii; was not of the first expedition, 4; accompanies the second expedition, 43; first sees the sun reappear, 143; makes a rope fast to the ice, 196; returns to Amsterdam, 257; his personal history, xxiii, clvi; various editions of his work, clvi–clxxii; its dedication, clvii; improper use made of his name by Hulsius, clxvi
De Vos, Dutch vessel commanded by J. C. May in the expedition of 1611, xxxiv
De Wal (Ernst van) see Wal
Discovery, one of the ships of the English expedition of 1875, i
Dispute (Cape), cxvi, 55, 60
Dolgoi Island, cx, 51, 66
Drift-wood found in Novaya Zemlya, 105
Dry Cape, cxxxvi
Dutch, their war against Philip of Spain, iii; their labour and industry, ib.; their petition to the Emperor Charles V, iv; their estimate of navigation, ib.; their first connexion with Russia, cii; rival the English in the trade with Russia, ciii; their expeditions to discover a north-east passage to China, see Expeditions
Dutch East India Company established in 1602, xxxi; possesses the monopoly of the southern route to the East Indies, ib.; invites Hudson to enter their service, and sends him on an expedition to seek the north-east passage, xxxii
Dutch walrus hunters frequent the seas to the North of Novaya Zemlya, xxxix
Dwina River, vi, vii, xi, xii
Edward Bonaventure, one of the ships of Sir Hugh Willoughby’s expedition, lxvii
Eggs (sea mews’) found in great numbers at Bear Island, 75
English Arctic expedition of 1875, i
Enkhuysen (merchants of), join in fitting out two ships for the first expedition, ciii; send two ships on the second expedition, cxii
Evertsz. (Jacob), one of the third expedition, returns to Holland, 257
Expedition of Oliver Brunel on behalf of the Dutch in 1584, xiv
Expedition (First) of the Dutch in 1594; account of it, ciii, civ; starts from the Texel, cvii, 6; arrives at Kildin, cvii, 7; Barents leaves for Novaya Zemlya, and Nai for Vaigats, ib.; mistakes of writers as to this expedition, cviii; Barents arrives at Langenes, cviii, 11; at Loms Bay, 12; at Admiralty Island, 13; at Cape Negro, ib.; at William’s Island, 14; enters Beerenfort, 15; combat with a bear, ib.; arrives at Cross Island, 16; reaches Cape Nassau, ib.; boat lost in a storm, 17; comes close to Novaya Zemlya, ib.; meets with large fields of ice, 18; again at Cape Nassau, cviii, 20; impeded by the ice, 22; arrives at Cape Comfort, ib.; at Ice Point, 24; finds “gold-stones”, ib.; arrives at the Islands of Orange, cix, 25; sees many walruses, 25; returns homewards, cix, 27; reaches Cape Nassau, cix, 29; arrives at Costinsarch, 30; at Lawrence Bay, 32; finds several coffins, 33; arrives at Meal Haven, ib.; at Colgoy, 35; at Matfloe and Delgoy, 36; meets with Nai and Tetgales, who had been through the Strait of Nassau into the Kara Sea, cx, 36; they sail back to Holland, cx, 37; Nai proceeds to Middleburg, cx; Barents arrives at Amsterdam, 39
Expedition (Second) in 1595; why undertaken, cxii, 40; consists of seven ships, cxii, 42; their names and officers, cxii; differently described by Hulsius, cxxviii; their instructions, cxiii; assemble at Texel, and start from thence, cxv, 43; see Norway, 44; arrive at Troms-oe, 46; one of the ships in danger, 47; pass the North Cape, cxv, 47; the Mother-and-her-Daughters, 48; arrives at Matfloe, cxv, 50; at the Strait of Nassau (Yugorsky Shar), cxv, 52; the passage closed up with ice, ib.; anchor in Train-Oil Bay, ib.; hold council there, ib.; send a yacht to examine the Strait, ib.; and a party of men across Vaigats Island, ib., 53; again send out a yacht, cxvi; favourable report, ib.; weigh anchor and proceed, but forced to return, ib., 57; quite surrounded by the ice, cxvi; Barents alone not discouraged, ib.; he crosses over to the main land, ib., 57; meets with Samoyedes, cxvii; his representations to the admiral, ib., 60; the fleet reaches States Island, cxvii, 61; decide in council that only one more attempt shall be made, cxvii; two men killed by a bear, cxviii, 62; another council held, the Amsterdammers alone wish to proceed, cxviii; Barents goes on shore and observes the tides, ib., 274; the fleet sails from States Island, but is driven back by the ice, cxix, 64; two vessels run aground, 65; reach Cape Dispute, cxix, 65; make a final attempt, cxix, 66; the Amsterdammers give in, cxix; protest signed by all the officers, cxx; the fleet sails homeward, cxxii. 66; arrives at Kilduyn, 68; reaches Wardhuus, cxxii, 69; arrives in Holland, ib.
Expedition (Third) in 1596; the States General refuse to fit it out at the public expense, cxxvii; undertaken by the city of Amsterdam alone, cxxvii. 70; names of the commanders, 71; Barents subordinate to Heemskerck, ib.; but virtually the leader, cxxviii; sails from Amsterdam to the Vlie, 71; departs from thence, ib.; difference of opinion between Rijp and Barents as to their course, cxxix, 72; they see the first ice, 73; discover Bear Island, cxxix, 74, 76; further disputes, 75; in great danger on land in the snow, ib.; combat with a bear, 76; reach Spitzbergen, cxxx, 78; circumnavigate it, cxxx; see many geese, 79; return to Bear Island, cxxxi, 85; Rijp and Barents separate, ib.; Rijp returns to Spitzbergen, ib.; and eventually to Holland, cxxxiii; Barents proceeds towards Novaya Zemlya, ib., 85; sees land, 89; passes Admiralty Island, 90; in great danger from the ice, 93; arrives at the Islands of Orange, 95; ten men land on Novaya Zemlya, and think they have attained the object of their voyage, 96; arrive at Cape Desire, 97; enter Ice Haven, cxxxiv, 97; surrounded by the ice, 98; attempt in vain to return, 99; three men nearly lost, ib.; the ship being beset by the ice, they resolve to pass the winter there, ib.; the ship in great danger, 100; they bring their stores on land, 102, 103, 113, 116; decide on building a house, 105; find great quantities of drift-wood, ib.; the carpenter dies, 108; great sufferings from cold, 109, 114, 127, 131, 135; sleep the first time in the house, 114; beer frozen, 114, 116, 122; lose sight of the sun, 121; set traps for foxes, 123, 126; take some foxes, 125, 130, 133, 136; the clock frozen, 128; wine frozen, 129; are nearly smothered from making a coal fire, 130; hard frost, 137; keep Twelfth night, 158; short allowance, 142, 174; the sun reappears, 144; observations thereon, 145; the house covered up with snow, cxlii, 135, 138, 151, 153; a man dies, 150; they suffer from scurvy, cxliv, 152; keep Shrove Tuesday, 156; see the Siberian coast, 162; great trouble in fetching wood, 163; their exemplary conduct, cxlii; resignation, cxliii; think of getting away in the boats, 176, 178; begin to take down the house for firewood, 177; prepare the boats for going away, 178, 185; ship their provisions, 186; Barents writes a letter to be left behind, 189; Heemskerck writes a letter of protest in duplicate, of which one copy is put into each boat, 190; it is signed by most of the crew, 193; they leave Novaya Zemlya in two boats, 194; pass the Ice Cape, 195; in extreme danger from the ice, 196; William Barents and Claes Andriesz die, 198; draw the boats over the ice, 199; reach Cape Comfort, ib.; their course along the coasts of Novaya Zemlya and Russia as far as Kola, 200–203; pass Cape Nassau, 204; the boats separate, but again meet, 205; nearly wrecked, 208; Jan Fransz dies, 211; meets with some Russians, 223, 229, 233, 237, 240, 243, 246; suffer from scurvy, 224, 226; cross from Novaya Zemlya to the coast of Russia, 228; reach it, 229; the two boats are separated, 236; cross the White Sea, 241; meet with Laplanders, 243; their miserable manner of living, ib.; the boats meet again, 244; arrive at Kildin, 247; send a man to Kola in quest of ships, 248; receive tidings of I. C. Rijp, 251; meet him again, 252; arrive at Kola, ib.; leave their boats at Kola, 255; depart for Holland, ib.; arrive at Amsterdam, 256; relate their adventures, 257; names of the survivors, ib.
Expeditions (subsequent):— 1608. The Dutch East India Company, under the command of Hudson, xxxii; its result, ib. 1609. Isaac le Maire, under the command of Melchior van Kerckoven, xxxii; its result, xxxiii 1611. The Admiralty of Amsterdam, under the command of Jan Cornelisz May, xxxiv; consists of two ships, their names, ib.; sails towards Novaya Zemlya, ib.; obliged to return to Kildin, ib.; sails to North America and winters there, ib.; one of the ships returns to Holland, xxxv; May again perseveres, xxxv; his attempt to sail straight to the Pole a complete failure, ib.; returns to Holland, xxxv 1624. C. F. Bosman in the ship De Cat, xxxvi; the design of the expedition, ib.; passes through Pets Straight, but driven back thither, ib.; returns to Holland, xxxvii 1664. William de Vlaming rounds the N.E. point of Novaya Zemlya, xl 1676. English expedition under the command of Wood, xxxvii; only explore the edge of the ice between Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya, ib. 1760. Russian expedition under the command of the Russian Navigator Sawwä Löschkin, xxxviii; sails along the east coast of Novaya Zemlya, and twice winters there, ib.; reaches its N.E. point, ib. Captain Carlsen’s first expedition; sails in a small fishing-boat through Pet Strait, and reaches White Island, xli; pecuniary result of the voyage, ib. Captain Palliser, English walrus hunter, sails to the north of Novaya Zemlya, xli 1869. Captain E. W. Johannesen in the Nordland, xlii; in his second voyage circumnavigates Novaya Zemlya, xliii F. Torkildsen commands the schooner Alpha, xliii; enters Kara Bay, where he loses his ship, ib. Capt. Ulve in the schooner Samson, xliii Capt. Mack in the schooner Polarstern, xliv Capt. P. Quale in his yacht, the Johan Mary, xliv 1871. Capt. Elling Carlsen in the Solid, xlv, et seq.; extract from his log, xlvi, et seq.; discovery of Barents’s winter house, xlvi; relics found there, xlvi, xlvii, l, lii–lxii 1875. Gundersen, M., in the schooner Regina, lxii; visits Ice Harbour and discovers further relics of Barents, ib. 1875. English Arctic expedition in the Alert and Discovery, i
Eychelenberg (Gilles van), owner of the first Dutch ship sent to the Pudoshemsco mouth of the Dwina, xi
Fabin (Cape), xxxvi
Fair Isle, or Feyeril, xvii, 71
Faire Foreland, xxviii
Fayril, see Fair Island
Fields of Ice, 18
Fiele (P. A). Reference to his work, “Mémoire Bibliographique sur les Journaux des Navigateurs Nérlandais”, lxii
Fifth Point, 31
Finmarksposten, Hammerfest newspaper, gives details of the finding of Barents’s winter house, by Capt. Carlsen, xlix
Fish, various sorts in the river Ob, lxxxiii
Fisher (Rev. George), his observations on the reappearance of the sun, cli
Fleet of seven vessels sent on the second expedition, see Expedition
Flessingue (Cape), xxxviii
Fletcher (Dr. Giles), ambassador at the court of Moscovy, lxxii
Flushing Head, 97, 194
Forster (Johann Reinhold), his mistake as to Oliver Brunel, c; his erroneous derivation of Kostin Shar, ib.; the like of Waigats, 27; notes upon the ship Mercurius, cv
Foxes killed and eaten, 119, 120, 126; run over the house, 134
Franklin and his companions, apprehensions as to their fate, lxiii
Fransz. (Ian), one of the third expedition dies, 211
Fransz. (Pieter), mate of the ship De Vos in the expedition of 1611, xxxiv
Gabriel, a Russian seaman, assists Burrough, lxviii
Geep, a kind of fish, 184
Geese, see Brent-geese
George (the), vessel commanded by Arthur Pet, see Pet
Gerard (Hessel), extract from the log of Barents on his voyage to Spitsbergen published by Gerard, xvii; its authenticity questioned by Dr. Beke, xxii, cxxxii, cxxxiii; refutation of Dr. Beke’s opinion by Mr. Muller, ib.; reasons for not approving Dr. Beke’s charge against Gerard, xxiii, et seq.; the extract truly taken from Barents’ log, xxv; publishes Massa’s map, lxxxvii; his account of Oliver Brunel, xcviii; “Goldstones” found in Novaya Zemlya, 24
Glimmer (Willem Joosten) appointed supercargo of the ship De Kat in the expedition of 1624, xxxvi
Golets Island, see Orange Island
Golf, see Colf
Gonzales de Mendoza (Juan), his work “The History or Description of the Great Empire of China”, one of those found in Barents’s winter house, lxi; remarks as to its date, lxi, lxii
Goose Capes, N. and S., part of Novaya Zemlya, lxvi
Greenland, Spitzbergen supposed by the Dutch to be a part of, cxxx, cxxxii, clviii, 5, 82
Greyhound (the) one of the ships of the second expedition, cxii
Griffin (the) one of the ships of the second expedition, cxii
Guillemots, see Lommen
Gundersen (M.), commander of the schooner Regina, 1875, lxii; visits Ice Harbour, ib.; discovers Barents’s journal and other relics, ib.
Gysen (William), pilot of the pinnace on the second expedition, 64
Halve Maan, name of vessel in which Hudson sailed to the N.E., xxxii
Hamel (Dr.), his identification of the several kinds of fish in the river Ob, lxxxiv; his comments upon Anthony Marsh’s information, lxxxvi; his hypothesis as to Oliver Brunel, vii, ci
Hares abound in States Island, 62
Hartman (Hendrick) commands the Rotterdam vessel on the second expedition, cxiii
Harts and hinds, see Reindeer
Hasselaer (Pieter), one of the promoters of the third expedition, 256
Headpoint, a part of Novaya Zemlya, 97, 194
Heemskerck (Jacob van), the probable possessor of Barents’ log after the latter’s death, xxii; on the second expedition supercargo for the merchants of Holland and West Friesland, cxiii, 43; captain and supercargo on the third expedition, cxxvii, 71; why so appointed, cxxviii; makes a declaration on leaving Novaya Zemlya in the boats, 189; returns with the survivors to Amsterdam, 257; his belief in the practicability of a north-east passage, clix; his biography, 43
Hendricus (Aelbert), his book, “Die Cronycke van Hollant, etc.”, 1585, one of those found in Barents’s winter house, lx
Herrings eaten whole by the Russians, 56
Heyndricksz. (Lenaert), one of the survivors, returns to Amsterdam, 257
Hillebrantsz. (Ian), one of the crew who returns to Amsterdam, 257
Hinlopen Strait, xxv
Hitlandt, 71
Holmes (Christopher), information furnished by him to Anthony Marsh, lxxxv
Hooghwout (Iacob Iansz.), one of the crew who returns to Amsterdam, 257
Hope (the), one of the ships of the second expedition, cxii
Horsey (Jerome), English ambassador at the court of Moscow, cii; his dispute with John de Walle, ib.
House built by the crew of the third expedition to pass the winter in Novaya Zemlya, 108; they pass the first night in it, 114; covered up with snow, c, 135, 138, 151; not known in 1853 whether any remains of it existed, cxliv; its ruins discovered in 1871 by Capt. Carlsen, xlvi; relics found there, ib., xlvii, 1; description of them in detail, lii–lxii; further relics discovered, lxii; its correct longitude, 148; latitude, 180. See Third Expedition
Houtman returns to the Netherlands after a voyage to the East Indies round the Cape of Good Hope, xxxi
Hudson (Henry) enters the service of Dutch East India Company, xxxii; starts from the Texel in 1609 to seek the north-east passage, ib.; fails in rounding Novaya Zemlya; arrives at the North Cape, ib.; mutiny of his crew, ib.; return, ib.; again at the North Cape, sails to the north-west, and is successful in making new discoveries, xxxiii; his reference to Oliver Brunel, xcv; his error as to Kostin Shar, xcvi; account of his visit to Novaya Zemlya, 265
Hulsius (Levinus), liberties taken by him with De Veer’s work, clxiv; his improper use of De Veer’s name, clxvi
Iacobsz. (Cornelis), skipper to W. Barents, cxiii, 54, 64
Iansz. (Harman) commands the Mercury of Amsterdam on the second expedition, cxiii; agrees with Barents as to not returning, cxxii, cxiii
Ice, why found more around Novaya Zemlya than further northward towards the Pole, clviii, 4, 42; fields of, 18; appears like white swans, 73; eggs found upon it, 98; strange appearance of, ib.; compared to salt hills in Spain, 103
Ice Cape, or Ice Point, the northernmost point of Novaya Zemlya, cxxxix, 24, 195
Ice Harbour or Haven, xxxviii, xliv, xlvii, cii, 97; the Hollanders winter there, cxxxiv, cxliv, 99
Ice Sea, 42
Ice Sound, xxviii
Idol Cape, lxx, cxv, cxvi
Idols, seen by Burrough, lxix; by the Dutch, 60
Image Cape or Point, lxx, 28, 52, 53, 60
Images, see Idols
Iopenbier, see Spruce beer
Iron Hogge, a merchant vessel, parted from the second expedition, 49
Island (Admiralty), see Admiralty; and other Islands under their respective names
Island Point, 97, 194
Ivanov visits Island Point, lxx
Jackman (Charles), Barents’s “journal”, a translation of his and Pet’s, v, lxii; commissioned for a voyage with Arthur Pet to the north-east, lxxv; sails from Harwich, lxxvi; reaches Wardhuus, ib.; separates from Pet, ib.; rejoins him, lxxviii; returns homeward, lxxix; again separates from Pet, ib.; winters in Norway, and is no more heard of, lxxx; defence of him, lxxxii
Jackman’s Sound, named after him, lxxxii
Jansen (Capt. M. H.), reference to his “Notes on the Ice between Greenland and Novaya Zemlya”, xxxix
Jaroslav, Brunel a captive there, x
Johan Mary, yacht commanded by Capt. P. Quale, xliv
Johannesen (Capt. E. H.), sails in 1869 to Novaya Zemlya in the Nordland, xlii; his track, xlii, xliii; his second expedition, xliii; circumnavigates Novaya Zemlya for the first time and visits its east coast, xliii
Jonge (M. de), his discovery of evidence proving the name Spitsbergen to have been given by Rijp and Barents, xxiii; references to his work, “Novaya Zemlya”, xxxviii, xxxix; his remarks on W. de Vlamingh’s voyage in 1664, xl
Jonge (Pieter Aertsz. de) requests the States General to fit out an expedition in 1611, xxxiv; appointed supercargo to the ship De Craen, ib.; killed, xxxv
Jupiter, see Conjunction
Kalgojew Island, xxxvi
Kanin Nos, lxix, lxx, lxxxiv, 38, 67, 241
Kara Gate, or Strait (Karskoi Vorota), see Burrough’s Strait
Kara Sea, great quantity of ice in it, lxxx, lxxxi; crossed by an English vessel before 1584, lxxxv; Barents’s observations on its tides, cxix
Kerckhoven (Melchior van) commands an expedition sent by I. le Maire in 1609, xxxii; penetrates to Pet Strait, xxxiii; returns unsuccessful, ib.
Kholmogory, Brunel sent there, vii
Kildin, or Kilduyn, xxxiv, cvii, 6, 68
Kittay (lake of), its situation, xciv
Knight (John), his journal, quoted by Purchas, partly written by Oliver Browne [Brunel ?], xv
Kola, Dutch settlement formed there 1565, vi; its situation, 200; first frequented in 1578, cii
Kolguev (Island of), lxix, lxxix, lxxxiv, 35
Kostin Shar, 30, 202, 222, 271; mistaken for Matfeiof Shar, lxxxviii; various ways of spelling the name, lxxxix, xc, xcvi, c, 30; supposed to go into the Tartarian Sea, lxxxix, 31, 222; discovered by Oliver Brunel, xcvi, 30
Kotschmare, a Russian vessel, lxxxiii
Langenes, cviii, 11, 219
Laplanders, their miserable living, 243; one goes with a man to Kola, 248
Latitude, observations of, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 32, 36, 51, 53, 71, 72, 74, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 121, 173; recalculation of, 14, 77, 89, 91, 131, 140, 157, 161, 163, 165, 168, 172, 176, 179, 200, 221
Le Canu (Robert Robertsz.), disputes the fact of the disappearance and reappearance of the sun, as stated by De Veer, cxliv; his letter to W. Blaeu, cxlv
Ledenaji Bay, see Ice Harbour
Ledyanoi Gavan, see Ice Harbour
Le Maire (Isaac), fits out an expedition to the north-east in 1609
Letter written by the third expedition on leaving Novaya Zemlya, 191
Linschoten (Ian Huyghen van), supercargo of the Mercury on the first expedition, civ; different reports made by him and Barents on their return, cx; represented matters too favourably, cxi, 40; appointed with F. de la Dale, chief commissioner on the second expedition, cxiii, 40; instructions given to them, cxiii; protest drawn up by him on their abandoning their undertaking, cxix; returns to Holland, cxxii; publishes a narrative of the two voyages, ib.; editions of his work, cxxii–cxxvi; his biography, 40
Lippen (Jan Jakobszmette), captain of the first Dutch ship sent to the Pudoshemsco mouth of the Dwina, xi
Lodya (Russian boat) found by the third expedition, 33; how constructed, 55
Logan (Josiah), his reference to Oliver Brunel, xv, xcvi
Lommen (Foolish Guillemots) found in great numbers in Novaya Zemlya, 12, 220
Loms Bay, its situation, cxxxvi, cxxxvii; why so named, 12; plan of it, ib.
Long Island, see Dolgoi
Longitude of the winter residence of the Dutch calculated by Mr. Vogel, 147
Löschkin (Sawwä) sails in 1760 along the east coast of Novaya Zemlya, xxxviii; twice winters there, ib.; reaches its N.E. point, ib.; wintered more southwardly than Barents
Loshak, a Russian seaman, met by Burrough, lxix
Lütke (Friedrich), references to his voyages and opinions, xxxviii, lxvii, lxix, lxx, cxix, cxxxiv, cxxxv–cxxxix, cxli, clvi, 5, 83, 249; surveys the west coast of Novaya Zemlya from 1821 to 1824, ib.; his explanation of the name Waygatz, 28
Lütke’s Land, part of Novaya Zemlya proposed to be so called, cxl
Maas, or Meuse, 69
Mack (F. E.) his voyage in the schooner Polarstern, xliv
Maelson (Francis), concerned in fitting out the first expedition, ciii
Magdalena Bay, xxvii
Marcasite, 24
Mars Diep, cxv
Marsh (Anthony), notes by him on the discovery of the river Ob, lxxxii; the like on the way from Kanin Nos to the Ob, lxxxiv
Massa (Isaac), his map of the Russian coasts, lxxxvii
Matfloe Island, cx, cxv, 36, 51, 66
Matfeiof Shar, Matiskin Jar, or Mathys-stroom, its situation, and notes upon it, lxxxviii, lxxxix, xcvi
Matochkin Shar, a corruption of Matyushin Shar, lxxxvi
Matsammore, a kind of water porridge, 204
Matseiof Shar, an erroneous spelling of Matfeiof Shar, lxxxviii; De Bry’s further error with respect to this name, ib.
Matthew’s Island, cx
Matthew’s Land, or the Land of Matpheoue, a part of Novaya Zemlya, lxxxiv, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, cx, cxl
Matthew’s Strait, xxxvii, xlii, xliv
Mattuschan Yar, lxxxiv, lxxxv, see Matyushin Shar
Matvyéeva Zemlya, see Matthew’s Land
Matyushin Shar, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, xc
Maurice Island, 51
May, Jan Cornelisz, surnamed the “Man Eater,” commands an expedition in 1611; sails towards Novaya Zemlya, xxxiv.; prevented by ice from entering the Kara Sea and returns to Kildin, xxxiv; sails to North America, and winters there, ib.; again perseveres, xxxv; his attempt to sail straight to the Pole a complete failure, xxxv; returns to Holland, ib.
May-tree, 111
Mealhaven, a part of Novaya Zemlya, why so named, 33
Medina (Pieter de) his work, “The Navigation, or the Art of Sailing,” etc., 1580, one of those found in Barents’s winter house, lx; its bearing on the date of the Dutch Expedition, lxi
Mendoza Juan Gonzales de, see Gonzales
Mercator (G.), co-operator with Moucherson in originating the first Dutch Arctic expedition, ix; his letter to Hakluyt, lxxxii; letter to him from John Balak, xcii, 261
Mercury (the), of Amsterdam, one of the vessels of the first expedition, cv; commanded by W. Barents, ib.; notes upon its name, ib.; Forster’s mistake, ib.; probably on the second expedition, cxiii
Mercury (the), of Enkhuysen, one of the vessels of the first expedition, civ; in the second expedition, cxii, 36
Mermare, or Marmoria (Sea), 55
Meyer (Cornelis de) an Antwerp merchant, vi; sails from Kola to the White Sea, in 1566, and travels overland to Moscow, vii
Mezhdusharsky Ostrov (or Island), xlii; its position, xcvi; Oliver Brunel land-locked there, ib.
Middleburg, see Zeeland
Miles, difference between German and English, 7
Mock-suns, 72
Moon, see Conjunction
Moroschka, 249
Mother-and-her-Daughters (islands so called), 48
Moucheron (Balthasar), originator of the first expedition of the Dutch, ix, ciii; sends a ship to the mouth of the Dwina, xi; proposes an expedition to the north-east, xiv; not supported by state aid, and fits one out at his own expense, xiv
Moucheron (Melchior de) settles at the mouth of the Dwina as agent for B. de Moucheron, xii
Muller (S.) Reasons for identifying Olivier Brunel with Alferius, viii; his history of Olivier Brunel, ix, et seq.
Muscovy, see Russia
Muscovy Company, see Russia Company
Nai (Cornelisz.) commands the Swan on the first expedition, civ; named admiral, cvii; sails for Vaigats, ib.; meets again with Barents, cx; returns to Holland, ib.; admiral of the second expedition, cxii; meets with great difficulties from the ice, cxv, cxvi; signs a protest, cxxi; returns, cxxii
Nassau (Cape), xli; Barents arrives there on the first voyage, cviii, 16; again, cviii, 20; returns thither, cix, 29; difficulty in passing it, ib.; its identification, cxxxviii; extreme point reached by Lütke, ib., cxli; Barents arrives there on the third voyage, 92; the crew return thither in the boats, 204
Nassau (Strait of), see Vaigats Strait.
Negro (Cape), cxxxviii, 13, 218
Netherlands, see Dutch
New Style, used by the Dutch, clii, 273
New Walcheren, 51
Nilsen (Captain) his expedition in 1872, xxv; arrives at Hinlopen Strait, but is compelled to return, ib.
Nordland, schooner commanded by Capt. Johannesen in 1869, xlii
North Cape, 47
North Kyen, 49
North-east passage to Cathay and China, belief in its practicability, clviii, 5, 41
Northern Ocean, attempted voyage through it to Cathay and China by the English, lxiv; by the Dutch, ciii; surveyed by Lütke, cxxxiv
Norwegians, their recent inroads into the Kara Sea, xli
Nova Kholmogory, see Archangel
Novaya Zemlya, circumnavigated, ii, xliii; its N.E. coast seldom visited by the Russians, xxxviii; Lieut. Weyprecht fails in rounding it, xxxix; the sea to the north not always obstructed by ice, ib.; reasons why the ice is more abundant there than further northward towards the Pole, clviii, 4, 42; discovered by Sir Hugh Willoughby, lxvi; so called by the Russians, lxvii; search if it is the same as Willoughby’s Land, lxxiv, lxxv; error in the estimate of its distance from Senyen, lxxiv; seen by Pet, lxxvii; particulars by Marsh respecting it, lxxxiv; map of it by Isaac Massa, lxxxviii; the generic name of a series of islands, xc; should properly be restricted to the southernmost of them, xci; is visited by Lütke, cxxxiv; by Professor von Baer, ib.; strong current along its western coast, cxxxv, 266; identification of places along that coast, cxxxvi, cxxxvii; deer found there, clxxiii, 5, 8, 104; the first expedition reaches it, 11; the third expedition arrives there, cxxxiii, 89, see Expeditions
Novo-Kholmogorui, lxx
Nuffelen (Hans van), clerk to W. Barents, assists in killing a bear, 64
Nunez, see Balboa
Ob, or Oby, a river of Tartary, instructions given to Bassendine and others for a voyage to it, lxxiii; discovered by the English before 1584, lxxxiii, lxxxv; visited by Alferius, xcii; his description of it, xciii; great masses of ice at its mouth, xciv; its wonderful inhabitants, xcvii; Nai and Linschoten imagined they had reached it, cx, 36; visited by the Russians, 55
Observations, see Latitude and Longitude.
Ode upon Waygats or the Strait of Nassau, to the tune of the 42nd psalm, cxxiii
Oesel, Island, xiii
Oliver, see Alferius
Onega, river, vii
Oom (Lambert Gerritsz.) commands the Swan on the second expedition, cxii
Orange Island or Ostrov Golets, 51
Orange (Islands of) cix, 25, 194
Palliser (Captain), sails to the North Coast of Novaya Zemlya, xli; reasons for his not circumnavigating it, ib.; enters the Kara Sea through Matthew’s Straight, xlii
Pampus, 13, 174
Parhelia, see Mock-suns
Passage to China by the north-east, see North-east
Pechora, a river of Tartary, 55; voyage of discovery to it by Bassendine and others, lxxi; visited by Alferius, xcii; Oliver Brunel lost there, xcvii
Pet (Arthur), Barents’s “Journal” a translation of his and Jackman’s, v, lxii; commissioned by the Russia Company for a voyage to the north-east, lxxv; sails from Harwich, lxxvi; his course after separating from Jackman, lxxvii; first enters the Yugorsky Shar, lxxviii; which should therefore be called Pet’s Strait, ib.; impeded by ice in the Kara Sea, lxxviii; again joined by Jackman, ib.; they decide on returning, lxxix; arrives safe at Ratcliff, lxxx; defence of his character as an able navigator, lxxxi
Pet’s Strait, called by the Dutch the Strait of Nassau, and by the Russians Yugorsky Shar, xxxiii, lxxviii
Petchora river, Brunel’s ship with cargo wrecked there, xiv
Petermann (Augustus), his track of Barents’s third voyage incorrect, xvii; never followed by any known ship, xxv; lays down Barents’s track, cix; his observations thereon, ib.; and on the geography of Novaya Zemlya, cxl
Philip of Spain, his war against the Dutch, iii
Phillip (William), remarks on his translation of De Veer’s work, clxxii; other works translated by him, clxxiii
Plancius, Cape, xcv, 219
Plancius (Peter), maintains the existence of an open Polar sea, xxxiii; one of the promoters of the first expedition, civ; his opinion as to Linschoten’s report, cxi; assists in the preparations for the second expedition, 41; persists in the opinion that the passage could be effected, cxxvii; his biography, 41
Poems, see Ode
Polar sea, existence of an open Polar sea maintained by Plancius, xxxiii
Polarstern, schooner commanded by F. E. Mack, xliv
Pontanus, reference to Barents’s chart in his “History of Amsterdam”, xxvi; and his “History” generally, xxix
Prinsen, Hof, the Court of Admiralty of Amsterdam, 256
Protest signed by the officers of the second expedition, cxx; erroneously supposed not to have been signed by Barents, ib.
Proverbs and Sayings (Dutch), 106, 135, 159, 165, 174, 183, 196, 245
Purchas, his reference to Oliver Brunel, xv, xcix; writings of Barents preserved by him, cvi, 273
Quale (Captain P.), his voyage in the Yacht Johan Mary, xliv
Quas, a beverage among the Russians, 249
Randolph (Thomas), ambassador at the court of Russia, his instructions to Bassendine and others, lxxii
Red Bay, xxvii
Refraction (Atmospheric) extraordinary, cl, clv, 145, 147, 151
Regina, schooner commanded by M. Gundersen in 1875, lxii
Reindeer exist in Novaya Zemlya, clxxiii, 5, 83, 104
Reyniersz (Ian), see Buysen
Rijp (Ian Cornelisz.), one of the supercargoes on the second expedition, cxiii; and in the third expedition, cxxvii, 71; disputes between him and Barents as to the course to be taken, xxviii, xxix, cxxix, cxxxi, 72, 75, 85; separates from Barents, cxxxi, 85; his course after separating from Barents, xxix; proceeds up the West Coast of Spitzbergen, xxx; sails to Kola and returns to Holland, xxx, cxxxiii; meets again with Heemskerck and his crew, and assists them, 252
Rock crystal found in States Island, 37
Rose Island, vii, xii
Roslin (Helisarius), his book on the wrong directions of previous expeditions to the North-east presented in 1610 to the States-General, xxxiii
Rosmuislov, a Russian pilot, winters in Matochkin Shar, lxxxvi
Rotgansen, see Brent-geese
Rotterdam (town of), sends out one vessel on the second expedition, cxii
Roule (Cornelis), Dutch walrus-hunter, xxxix
Rundall (Thomas), his claim on behalf of Sir Hugh Willoughby, lxvi
Russia Company, first chartered, lxviii; obtain an Act of Parliament, ib.; send out expeditions for the discovery of a north-east passage to China, lxviii; Stephen Burrough’s expedition, ib.; commission to Bassendine, Woodcocke, and Browne, lxxi; instructions to Pet and Jackman, lxxi, lxxv; their continued endeavours to effect a passage, lxxxii
Russia, Richard Chancellor goes to the court of, lxvii
Russian expeditions, account of in the “Archiv für Wissenschäftliche Kunde von Rusland”, xxxvii
Russians cannot claim the discovery of Novaya Zemlya, lxvii; their explorations to the eastward of the White Sea, xci
St. Clara (Islands of), 34
St. James’s Island, lxix
St. John (Cape), lxix
St. Lawrence Bay, 32, 223
St. Lawrence Point, 32
St. Michiel (monastery), xii
St. Nicholas Bay, see White Sea
Salingen (Simon van), an Antwerp merchant, vi; sails from Kola to the White Sea in 1566, and travels overland to Moscow, vii
Salt-hills, see Cordova
Samoyedes, dwell on Vaygats Island, xciii, 57; their country, 53; dress, 58; sledges, 59; idols, lxix, 60
Samson, schooner commanded by Capt. Ulve, xliii
Sayings (Dutch), see Proverbs
Scala (Josephus), Ephemerides printed by him, 145
Sconce Point, 32, 223
Scoresby (Capt., now Rev. Dr.), reference to his “Account of the Arctic Regions”, 18, 26
Scotchman, one of the crew on the second expedition, 64
Scurvy, sufferings of the third expedition from, cxliii, 152, 224, 249
Scurvy-grass, benefit derived from it, 226, 227, 235, 244
Sea-horse, see Walrus
Sea of Kara, see Kara Sea
Searchthrift, a vessel sent out under command of S. Burroughs for an expedition to the north-east, lxviii
Seven Islands, 246
Seynam or Senyen (Island of), its situation, lxvi; Willoughby’s erroneous estimate of its distance from Novaya Zemlya, lxxiv
Shallow Bay, cxxxviii
Shar, or Schar, its meaning, 31
Shetland, 71
Shieldrake, see Burrow-duck
Shrove Tuesday kept by the Dutch in Ice Haven, 156
Siberia, its coast seen from Novaya Zemlya, 162
Sir Thomas Smith Bay, xxviii
Sloets (President of the States General) signs the instructions given to Linschoten on the second voyage, cxiv
Snow, house covered up with, cxlii, 135, 138, 151, 153, 169
Soundings off the coast of Novaya Zemlya, cxli
Spanish words adopted by the Dutch, 12, 204
Spitzbergen, its name given by Barents, xx; why so called, ib.; the name not mentioned by De Veer, xxiii; first discovered by the Dutch, cxxx, 77; supposed to be a part of Greenland, cxxx, cxxxii, clviii, 5, 82; its discovery wrongly attributed to Sir Hugh Willoughby, ib.; circumnavigated by the Dutch, cxxx; Rijp sailed back to it, cxxxi; H. Gerard’s history of it, ib.; pretended journal of Barents, ib.; his track falsified by Gerard, cxxxiii (but see xxiii, et seq.); name of the sea between it and Novaya Zemlya, cxl
Splindler (Mr. Christoffel), a Slavonian, interpreter to the first expedition, civ; the same to the second expedition, cxiii; his duties, ib.
Spoon-wort, see Scurvy-grass
Spruce-beer, 114
States-General send out an expedition to the north-east, xcix; send out a second expedition, their instructions for that expedition, cxii, cxiii, 42; object to send out a third expedition, cxxvii, 70; dedication to them of De Veer’s work, clvii
States Island, 37, 62
Staves (Cask) found in Novaya Zemlya, 33
Sterrenburgh (Jacob Jansz.), one of the crew who returns to Holland, 257
Stream Bay, 29
Strickbolle (Pieter Dirksz.), pilot under Nai, civ
Strogonovs, their residence in Novaya Zemlya, 33
Sun, the time of day determined by its bearing, 7; its disappearance for the winter, cl, 121; its reappearance, cxliv, 143, 145; mistake of one day in the time, ib.; Mr. Vogel’s investigation of the subject, 146; proofs of De Veer’s veracity as to its disappearance, cxlix; reasons for believing him as to its reappearance, clv
Surgeon, see Barber
Survivors on the third voyage, 257
Svyatoi Nos, lxix
Swan (the), one of the ships of the first expedition, ciii; also of the second expedition, cxii, 63
Swedish shipwright employed to build two ships in the Dwina, xiii, xci, xcii
Tabin (Cape) see Taimur
Table given by De Veer, of the distances performed on their third voyage, cxxxiv, 200–203
Taemsz. (Corn.), translator of Gonzales de Mendoza’s work on China, lxi
Tail (Island with the), 65
Taimur (Cape), cx, 37, 149
Tegethof, steamer commanded by Lieutenant Weyprecht in 1872, xxxix
Ter Schelling, an island on the north coast of Holland, the native place of Barents, cv
Tetgales (Brant), commands the Mercury of Enkhuysen on the first expedition, civ; sails for Vaigats, cvii; meets with Barents, cx; vice-admiral of the second expedition, cxii; his ship runs aground, 47; runs foul of Barents’s ship, 48; returns to Holland, cxxii
Texel, cxv, 39, 43
Thorne (Robert), maintains the possibility of a route straight across the pole, xxxiii
Tides in the Kara Sea, Barents’s notes thereon, 273
Tiele (P. A.), reference to his opinion as to Barents’s course along the coast of Spitzbergen, xxv; shows the chart published by Hondius to have been after a drawing by Barents himself, xxvi
Time correctly kept by the Dutch during their winter residence, cxv
Time of day, rude method of determining it, 7
Torell (Cape), xxv
Torkildsen (F.), commander of the schooner Alpha, xliii; loses his ship in Kara Bay, ib.
Train Oil Bay, cxv, 53, 56
Translation, curious mistakes in, lxxxiii, lxxxviii, cv, clxxii, 12, 32, 33, 39, 55, 79, 166, 182
Traps set to catch foxes, 125
Trocknes Cap, see Dry Cape
Tromp (Admiral), v
Trampsoe, or Trompsont, an island on the coast of Norway, 46
Troost (Cape), see Comfort
Trust (Cape), see Comfort
Twelfth Night kept by the Dutch in Novaya Zemlya, 138
Twist Point, 55; see Cape Dispute
Ugoria, part of the coast of Russia, xciii
Ugorian Strait, see Yugorsky Shar
Ulve (Capt. E. A.), sails in the Samson along the W. coast of Novaya Zemlya, xliii; his track, xliv
Unekius, see Yacovius
Unknown Bay, xc, cxxxvii
Vaigats, or Vaygats Island, lxvii; proper spelling and meaning of the name, xliv, lxxvii, 27
Vaigats Strait, first entered by Pet, lxxviii; properly Pet’s Strait, ib.; not passable on account of the ice, lxxiv; called by the Dutch the Strait of Nassau, cx; ode on it, cxxiii; see Expeditions
Valck (Jacob) aids in fitting out the first expedition, ciii
Van de Wal (Ernst), see Wal
Variation, see Compass
Veer (Gerrit de), see De Veer
Veroue Ostrov, a name given to Vaigats Island, lxxvi
Vlamingh (William de), Dutch walrus hunter, xxxix; Witsen’s account of his voyage to Novaya Zemlya, ib.; sails in 1664 along its N. coast, xl; rounds the N.E. point, ib.; M. de Jonge’s remarks on the voyage, ib.
Vlie, or Vlieland, 71
Vogel (Edward), his calculation of the conjunction of the moon and Jupiter, clv; of the longitude of the winter residence of the Dutch in Novaya Zemlya, cxl, 146
Vos (Hans), barber-surgeon to the third expedition, 193; returns to Amsterdam, 257
Vos (Pieter Pietersz.), chief boatswain on the third expedition, 191; returns to Amsterdam, 257
Voyages, see Expeditions
Waigats, or Waigatsch, see Vaigats
Wal (Ernst van de) requests the States General to fit out an expedition in 1611, xxxiv; appointed supercargo to the ship De Vos, ib.
Walle (Jan van de) journeys overland to Russia with Brunel, xi; acts as agent to G. van Eychelenberg, ib.; the first Netherlander who visited the White Sea, cii; his dispute with Horsey at the court of Moscow, ib.
Walruses met with at Novaya Zemlya, 14, 25, 218; description of, 25; one brought to Holland, 39
Wardhuus, its situation, 39; the ships arrive there on their return from the second expedition, 69
Warsina, a river of Lapland, Sir Hugh Willoughby perished there, lxv
Watchers, two stars in the Little Bear (Ursa Minor), why so named, 62
Waygats, see Vaigats
Weyprecht (Lieut.), commands the steamer Tegethof in 1872, xxxix; fails in rounding Novaya Zemlya, ib.
Whale seen, 45
White Island, xli, xl
White Sea, Dutch commerce established, xi; first entered by Stephen Burrough, lxvii; crossed by the Dutch in two boats, 241
Wieringen, an island on the coast of Holland, 79
Willemsz. (Laurens), one of the crew who returns to Amsterdam, 257
Willemsz. (Thomas), commands the Mercury, of Enkhuysen, on the second expedition, cxii
William, the name of Jackman’s ship, see Jackman
William’s Island, cxxxviii
Willoughby (Sir Hugh) sails on an expedition to the north-east, lxv; meets with a violent tempest, and is driven into a small haven on the coast of Lapland, where he dies, ib.; discovers Novaya Zemlya, lxvi; his erroneous estimate of the distance between Senyen and Willoughby’s Land, lxxiv
Willoughby’s Land, part of the western coast of Novaya Zemlya, lxvi, lxxiv, 88
Wine frozen, 127
Winterköning (Philip), instrumental in founding the Dutch settlement at Kola, vi
Winthont, see Greyhound
Witsen (Nicholas), his account of the whaling cruise of William de Vlamingh in 1664, xl; comments thereon, ib.; his reference to Oliver Brunel, xcix
Wood, commander of an English Expedition in 1676, xxxvii
Woodcocke (James), his commission from the Russia Company, lxxi
Yacovius (or Yakov) and Unekius, build two ships in the Dwina for discoveries to the north-east, xci
Yakan (Cape), cix
Yenisei, a river of Tartary, its course, 55
Ys (Theunis, or Antonis), master of a trading vessel, who visited Novaya Zemlya, xxxix, xc
Ysbrants (Brant), see Tetgales
Yugorsky Shar, see Vaigats Strait
Zeeland (merchants of), join in fitting out two ships for the first expedition, ciii; send two ships on the second expedition, cxii
Zivolka (a pilot in the Russian navy), his discoveries on the coast of Novaya Zemlya, cxxxiv