INDEX
Reading edition
A
Abbott, C. C., 1653
Abdelrahman Sûfi, 119
Acacia, 928, 950
Acalephian Hydroids, 459
Acalephs, 459
Acanth family, 483
Acephala, 459
Achenar, 57, 98, 147
Acorns, 1177
Acrogens, 455, 483, 1000
Adams, Prof., 431
Adanson, Michel, 994
Adanson’s region, 940
Adelsberg, cave of, 617-20
Æpyornis, 1524
Affinities, 1511-12
Afghans, 1672
Africa, deserts of, 947
fauna of, 1548-52
races of, 1675
vegetation in, 909-15
Agardh, 1266, 1267
Agassiz, 1213, 1297
Agriculture, progress of, 1091-99
Air, 773, 778-84
Airy, Sir George, 316, 806
Albatross, 1523
Alcor, 67, 81, 126-27, 196-97
Aldebaran, 57, 63, 96, 116, 124, 152, 187, 316
Alga, red snow, 514-15, 930
Algæ, 454, 455, 710, 712, 887, 888
Algol, 85, 128, 193, 208, 216-20
Alhazan, 799
Allen, Grant, 1003, 1104
Alligators, 1392, 1557, 1570, 1623
Aloes, 953
Alpha, Capricorni, 127
Centauri, 41, 57, 63, 99, 125, 134, 199, 204-5, 309
Cruci, 57
Eridani, 63
Orionis, 63
Alphabet, Greek, 65
Alphard, 188
Alpine plants, 930
Alps, glaciers of the, 510-13
Al-Sûfi, 60, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 163, 188, 193, 206, 219, 220
Altair, 57, 76, 85
Alternate generations, 962, 964-65, 1329
Amazon, the, 623, 625
America, fauna of, 1540, 1552-57
races of, 1672-73, 1677-78
vegetation in, 915-26
American Indians, 1677-78
Ammonites, 672
Amœba, 977-78
Anaxagoras, 376
Anchovy, 1544
Anderson, Dr., 68, 228-38
Andromeda, Constellation of, 78, 84
Andromedes, 281
Anemones, 1361
Angiosperms, 455, 890, 891-92, 958, 967
Angler-fish, 1569
Angström, 818
Animal, kingdom, 1296-1300, 1535
life, types of, 480
Animals, classification of, 1301-4
death-feigning instinct of, 1577-82
distribution of, 1520-35, 1561
dwellings of, 1601-2
fishing of, 1565-77
fur-bearing, 1547, 1554
hunting by, 1565-77
invertebrate, 1536
mimicry in, 1596, 1598-99
and plants, 976-78, 979-84, 1478
vertebrate, 1535
Annelids, 1603
Annulariæ, 469
Anogens, 455
Antares, 57, 76, 188
Ant-eater, 1571
Antennæ, 1439-45
Antherozoids, 1039
Anthers, 868, 1002
Antinous, 78
Ant-lions, 1417, 1568
Ants, 1408, 1409-11
Apes, 1626
Aphaniptera, 1419
Aphides, 1409-10, 1420
Apogamy, 967
Apospory, 967
Apothecia, 1212
Apple, of Carthage, 1095
Persian, 1095
Apteryx, 1524, 1528, 1561
Aquarius, 78
Arabians, 986, 1672, 1675
Arabs, the, 116-20
Arago, 54
Ararat, Mount, 500
Archegonia, 963
Archimedes, 64
Arcturus, 57, 63, 75, 86, 87, 122, 187, 315
Argelander, 58, 59, 62, 66, 68
Aristolochia, 956
Aristotle, 284
of Stagira, 986
Armadillo, 1555
Arnebia echioides. See Prophet-Plant
Arnold, Dr., 1069
Aroideæ, 952
Arrow, the, 77
Articulata, 481, 1303
Articulates, 459, 460
Arum, 952
Asia, fauna of, 1546-48
races of, 1672
vegetation in, 905-9
Ass, wild, 1546
Asteroids. See Planetoids
Astrocopium, 119
Astronomers, the first, 26
Atacama, desert of, 665
Atlantosaurus, 718
Atlas, 64
of Southern Stars, 61
Atlases, celestial, 65-66
Atmosphere, earth’s, 773-84
Atolls, 689-93, 699-707
Aurora, Borealis, 813-19
spectrum of, 346-47, 818
and sun, 817-18
Ausonius, 88-89
Australia, flora of, 886, 926-28
races of, 1673
vegetation in, 926-29
Avebury, Lord, 1105
B
Baboons, 1529
Bacon, Roger, 799
Bacteria, 648-54, 1131-35
Badger, 1616, 1617
Baer, Von, 1294
Baker, Sir S., 1566
Balance, the, 78
Balata, the, 1153-54
Balloon ascensions, 776-77
Baltimore Oriole, 1631
Bamboo, 1115-22
Banana, 942-43, 952
Banisteria, 953, 956
Banks, Sir Joseph, 1387
Banyan tree, 1169-70
Baobab, 941, 950
Barley, 944
Barometer, 785
Barnard, Prof., 155, 159, 263, 391, 419, 420
Bate, Spence, 1375, 1376
Bates, W. H., 1594, 1595, 1599
Bathybius haeckelii, 1306
Batrachia, 1379
Bats, 1547, 1550, 1555-56
Bauhinas, 953, 956
Baxendell, 344, 348
Bayer, John, 105
Beagle, the, 1665
Bear, the Great, 80-81, 122
the Little, 77, 82
Bears, 1543, 1546, 1553
Beaumont, Elie de, 572
Beaver, 1542, 1554
Beavers, 1639-46
Bee, 1408, 1552
eyes of, 1448
sting of, 1436
Beechnuts, 1178
Bee Hive in Cancer, 66, 130, 167, 176
Bees, 1426-27, 1478-79, 1496-98
wings of, 1429
Beetles, 1411-13, 1433-34, 1435, 1440, 1578
Behrmann, 61, 62, 66
Belemnites, 672
Bellatrix, 124
Bellerophon, 470
Bélopolsky, 315
Belts, homoiozoic, 1521
Bennett, Mr., 755, 758-59
Berenice’s Hair, 78, 153
Berosus, 501
Beta, Centauri, 57, 63
Crucis, 57
Betelgeuse, 57, 96, 124, 128, 187, 188
Bibra, 755
Biela, 300
Bignonia, 953, 956, 1165
Birds, 1578, 1582-93, 1622, 1624
of Africa, 1550-51
of America, 1556
of Asia, 1547
of Australia, 1559-60
of Europe, 1544
of New Zealand, 1561, 1608-9
of paradise, 1547
death-feigning of, 1577-82
emotions of, 1593
extinct, 1524-25, 1561
flight of, 1583
gigantic, 1524-25
migration of, 1523, 1537, 1590-92
mimicry in, 1596-97
moulting of, 1586
nests of, 1587-90, 1629-34
pairing of, 1586
primeval, 489-90
sounds of, 1584-85
tastes of, 1592
Birthwort, 1071-72
Bison, 1531
Bitter Lakes, 587
Bivalves, 459
Blumenbach, 1669, 1687
Blume’s region, 940
Boa Constrictor, 1548, 1557
Bode, 397
Bonald, Cardinal de, 1679
Bond, W. C., 418
Bonpland’s region, 941
Boötes, 75, 86, 87
Botanical regions, 939-41, 1143
Botany, 859, 985-86
Bower-bird, 1592, 1627-28
Brachiopods, 470, 482, 671
Brahmaputra, the, 623, 624
Brauer, 1422
Brazil-nut, 1179
Bread fruit, 942, 945
Brongniart, 471, 472, 995, 996
Brown, Robert, 999
region of, 941
Buckwheat, 945
Buff, Prof., 735
Buffalo, 1553
musk, 1533
Buffon, 1528, 1532, 1583, 1686
Bull, the, 78, 94, 96, 123-24
Bullhead, the, 1609
Bunt, 1200
Burian, the, 1144-45
Burmeister, 1401
Burnham, 201
Bush, Australian, 1139, 1140
Bustard, 1542
Butterflies, 1461-62, 1594-95
wings of, 1431-33
Byron, 762
C
Cacao, 920
Cachalot, 1561, 1563
Cactus, 917, 957, 1180-89
Caddis worms, 1404
Caffres, 1675-76
Calamites, 468, 473-74, 873
Calms, Belt of, 786
Calyx, 867-68, 1002
Camel, 1545, 1549
Camelopard, 1531
Camelopardus, 78
Camoens, 762
Campbell, Prof., 392-93
Camper, 1693
Canary Isles, 932-34
Cancer, 78
Candolle, A. P. de, 985, 995, 997, 1186, 1466
Candolle’s region, 940
Canes Venatici, 78
Canis Major, 125
Cannibalism, 1657
Canopus, 57, 63
Caoutchouc, 1163, 1166, 1169
Capella, 57, 63, 76, 85, 116, 122, 187, 315
Capron, 819
Carapace, 1394
Carboniferous, Limestone, 464
plants, 468, 473, 873
Carboniferous Period, 457, 464-79
fishes of the, 484-86
Carnivora, 1518-19, 1536, 1546, 1552, 1565
Carpels, 869, 1003
Carpenter, Dr., 730, 731, 736, 741, 754
Cashew-nut, 1179
Caspian Sea, the, 581-82, 583-85
Cassava-meal, 1164
Cassini, 226, 285, 360, 377, 378, 418
Cassiopeia, 78, 84
Cassiopeia’s Chair, 123
Cassowary, 1524, 1526, 1560
Castor, 98, 122, 123, 198, 207-8
Casuarina, 951
Caterpillars, 1421, 1459-60, 1602
Catheturus, 1622
Catingas, the, 922
Caucasian race, the, 1670-73
Cavalier, the, 81
Cave, of Adelsberg, 617-20
Azure, of Capri, 709
Mammoth, 615
Caves, 612-18
Ceiba, 950
Celacanths, 484
Cells, 1299
Celsius, 816
Cenotes, 609
Centaur, the, 98, 99
Cephalaspis, 483, 484, 671
Cephalopoda, 459, 481
Cephalopods, 1576
Cepheus, 78
Cerealia, 943-45
Cestracions, 484
Cetacea, 1516, 1536, 1561-65
Cetaceans, 676
Cetus, 98-9
Chair, the, 77
Chalcididæ, 1449-58
Chaldean shepherds, the, 26
Chalk Age, 483
Chambered shells, 459
Chamisso, 691
Chamisso’s region, 940
Chaparrals, 1140
Chariot, the, 75, 77, 81
of David, 80
the Little, 82
Cherioptera, 1536
Cheirostemon, 950
Chelinous, 1577
Chelonian reptiles, 1395-1401
Chestnut, 931, 1174-77
Chimborazo, 776
Chimpanzees, 1529, 1530, 1550, 1626
China, agriculture in, 1092, 1096
Chinchilla, 1555
Chi Persei, 180
Chlorophyll, 897
Chrysalis, 1460, 1464
Cicada, 1420
Cicadæ, 1436
Cicero, 359
Cilia, 1010, 1039, 1291-92
Cinchona, 919
Circassians, 1671
Cirripeds, 1500
Cladothrix odorifera, 652, 653
Clairaut, 292
Clams, 459
Clark, Alvan, 203, 256
Clerke, Agnes M., 191
Climate, change of, 502-5, 1127, 1650
Climbing perch, 1352-53
Clouds, 819-28
cirro-cumulus, 823
cirro-macula, 823-24, 825
cirrus, 824-28
colors of, 825-26
cumulo-stratus, 825
cumulus, 820-21, 822-23
names, popular, 784
nimbus, 825
“scud,” 825
stratus, 820-21, 822, 823-24
Club-mosses, 887, 961-63, 1229-30
Coal, 465-67, 474-79, 872, 886-87
Coal-measures, 464
flora of the, 471-79, 1230
Coal-sack, the, 134, 135
Coasts, length of the, 708
Cobra, 1552
Coccosteus, 470, 483, 484
Cochineal, 1185, 1420-21
Cockchafer, 1441, 1464
Cocoanut, 942
Cocoon, 1460
Cœlum, 78
Coleoptera, 1411-13
Coleridge, 762
Columbus, 1263, 1267
Comet, Biela’s, 300
Encke’s, 299, 304
Halley’s, 38
of 1472, 288
of 1680, 290, 296
of 1744, 41
of 1811, 39-40, 41
of 1843, 303
of 1848, 298
Comets, 37-42, 132, 282-307
great, 298-99
Common, Dr., 165-66, 244, 253, 260, 264
Condor, 1523, 1538, 1556
Confucius, 501
Conifers, 472, 873, 884, 931
Constellations, the, 31, 64, 75, 77-79, 101-3
the Chinese, 76
Northern, 80-88
Schiller’s, 104-5
Southern, 97-100, 147
Zodiacal, 88-97
Cook, Capt., 1673
Copernicus, 353
Coral-animals, 459
Coral formations, 689-707
reefs, 689-707
Corallines, 1258-59, 1331
Corals, 471, 481, 707
Corolla, 868, 1002
Corona Borealis, 86, 123
Coronæ, 826, 827
Corvus, the Crow, 98
Cotopaxi, 517, 545, 550
Cotyledon, 1001
Cowbird, 1605
Cow-tree, 920-21, 1167, 1170
Coxwell, 776-77
Crab, the. See Cancer
Crabbe, 762, 1210
Crabs, 1374-77, 1604, 1606, 1621, 1622
Crater, the Cup, 98
Cretaceous period, 874
Crinoids, 460, 471, 481, 1314-18
Crocodiles, 1391-92, 1551, 1556
Crown, the, 78
Crustacea, 459, 460, 1374-78
Crustaceans, 471
Cryptogams, 454, 873, 887-90, 957-58, 960-61, 965, 1000, 1229-30
Ctenoids, 483
Cuckoo, 1605
Cucumber, squirting, 1008-9
Cuttle-fishes, 457, 459, 482
Cuvier, 463, 1296, 1297, 1669, 1687
Cycads, 455, 873, 874-76
Cycloids, 483
Cyclones, 792, 844
Cygnus, 85, 123
Cynosura, 77
Cypress, 630, 1137
Cypress-swamps, 630-31, 1137-38
Cysat, 154
D
Dahna, the, 659
Dante, 74, 99-100
Darwin, Charles, 710-11, 751, 978, 1003, 1064, 1073, 1297, 1610, 1664, 1665
Darwin, Erasmus, 1205
Darwin, Frank, 1015
Darwin, G. H., 416
Dead Sea, 586-87
De Candolle. See Candolle
De Dominis, 801
Delile’s region, 940
Deluge, the, 501-2
the Asiatic, 493, 495, 500-2
the European, 493, 495-99
Deneb, 123, 127
Denebola, 69, 116
Descartes, 801, 802, 804, 806
Deserts, 654-65, 947
Devonian Period, 461-63
Dew, 812-13
Dew-point, 812
Dicotyledons, 863
Dictyogens, 1001
Differentiation, 1293-94
Diluvium, 494-95
Dinornis, 1524
Dinornus giganteus, 490
Dinotherium, 491-93
Diptera, 1418-19
Dismal Swamp, the Great, 631, 1137
Dodo, 1524, 1526
Dog, the Great, 997, 125
the Little, 98
Dogs, 1574, 1611
Doldrums, 786, 849
Dolinas, 619-20
Dolphin, 1561
the, 78
Dove, 786, 787
Draconidæ, the, 1088-90
Dragon, the, 78
Dragon-fly, 1416-17, 1427, 1462-63
eyes of, 1445-48
Dragon-tree of Orotava, 933, 954
Du Chaillu, 1627
Dunes, 643-44, 656
Dürer, Albert, 65
D’Urville’s region, 941
Dyer, Thiselton, 1122
E
Eagle, the, 85
Eagles, 1538, 1556
Earth, the, 326
astronomical year of the, 369-73
atmosphere of the, 773-84
crust of the, 439-40, 450, 456, 571, 676-77, 871-72
change of climate of, 502-5, 1127
dimensions of the, 366
distance from the sun, 368
evolution of the, 666-70
formation of the, 433-39
moon’s influence on the, 720
motions of the, 366-67
as a planet, 364-76
revolution of the, 368
rotation of the, 368-69
seasons of the, 372-74
smell of the, 648-54
vegetation, 946-56
Earthquakes, 559-66
Earwigs, 1403
Echinodermata, 1313-14
Echinoderms, 459, 460, 1319
Edentata, 1519, 1536, 1555
Eel, 1385
Egypt, agriculture in, 1091-92
dogs of, 1611
Elephants, 1533, 1537-38, 1549
Elger, 819
Elk, 1553
Elton Lake, 586
Elves, 1204
Emeu, 1524, 1526
Emu, 1556, 1560
Enaliosaurs, 487
Encke, 298, 299, 418
Endlicher, 877, 995
Endogens, 455, 874, 1001
Endomosis, 1294-95
Eocene, 490-91, 1647, 1648
Eocene animals, 1535
Epiphytes, 862
Equinoxes, precession of the, 373
Equisetaceæ, 468-69, 472, 1110
Eta, Argus, 57, 155, 212-13
Cassiopeiæ, 198, 207
Hercules, 315
Etna, 525, 545, 548, 557
Eucalyptus, 927-28, 955, 1139
Eudoxus, 64
Euler, 41
Euphorbia, 1163, 1165
Euphrates, the, 624
Europe, fauna of, 1541-45
vegetation of, 898-904
Evaporation, 793-96
Evergreens, 1125-30
Existence, struggle for, 1464-82
Exogens, 455, 1002
Exosmosis, 1295
F
Fairy flies, 1449-58
Fairy rings, 1204-8
Fauna, marine, 1522
Ferns, 455, 467-68, 470, 472, 473, 873, 887, 889-90, 929, 954-55, 957-58, 967, 1230
Ferrel, 792
Fertilization, 1005-6, 1064-68, 1104, 1107, 1112-13, 1495-98
cross, 897-98
insect, 894-95, 897, 957
wind, 898, 957, 1027-37
Fig, 1169-70
Fig-trees, 955
Findley, A. G., 736
Finns, 1672-74
Fire-balls. See Meteors
Fire-flies, 1557
Fire-wells, 519
Fishes, 460-61, 463, 470, 474, 482-86, 1337-56, 1544
amphibious, 1351-53
fins of, 1338, 1340-42
gills of, 1338, 1344
globe, 1355
intelligence of, 1345-46
mud, 1353-55
nests of, 1350, 1629
pipe, 1346, 1350
protective color of, 1601
scales of, 1338, 1339
shooting, 1351
senses of, 1344-45
teeth of, 1342-43
telescope, 1356
the (constellation), 78
trigger, 1355-56
Flamingo, 1636
Flamsteed, 65, 427
Flies, 1444
fairy, 1449-58
Flögel, 818
Flood. See Deluge
Flora of the Alps, 513-15
of Australia and Mesozoic compared, 886
of carboniferous period, 468, 473, 873
of New Zealand and Mesozoic compared, 886
dawn of modern, 874
fossil, 959-61
Mesozoic, 871-77
Permian, 472
seashore, 1233-37
Flower, the, 867
Flowers, clock of, 1043
colors of, 959, 1061-68, 1104
diœcious, 870
fertilization of, 871, 1027-37, 1064-68
and insects, 894-95, 897, 957, 968, 1028-30, 1064-68, 1069-77, 1112
mimicry in, 1070
monœcious, 870
odors of, 1107-9
queer, 1068-77
sleep of, 1005
Fly, house, 1525-27
Fog, 823
Fogs, red, 831
Föhn, the, 831
Fomalhaut, 57
Foraminifera, 471, 1307
Forbes, E., 1521
Forest formations, 1135-46
Försch, 1172
Forskal’s region, 940
Förster, 819
Förster’s region, 940
Fossil, definition of, 443
Fox, 1542, 1567, 1576, 1579-81, 1616-17
the Little, 78
Frog, 1379-82
Fruits, 898, 1002-16, 1104, 1647
Fulton, T. W., 1106
Fumaroles, 539
Fungi, 454, 887, 889, 1189-1204, 1204-8
colors of, 1193, 1197
distribution of, 1201-4
food of, 1191-92, 1206
growth of, 1106-7, 1193-94
odors of, 1106-7, 1196
organs of, 1198-99
shapes of, 1196-97
spores of, 1199
Fungus (giant puffball), 1194
(Jews’ Ears), 1197
(liver), 1196
(stinkhorn), 1194
(Tremella mesenterica), 1197
G
Gadidæ, 483
Gaertner, 1003
Galaxy. See Milky Way
Galileo, 135, 154, 354-55, 377
Galle, Dr., 806
Gallflies, 1406, 1407
Gamelin, 1266
Ganges, the, 624, 625
Ganoids, 483, 485-86
Gasteropoda, 459
Gauchos, 1579, 1581
Gecko, 1392-93
Gemini, 96, 122, 124
Genera Plantarum, 995-96
Generations, alternate, 964-65
alternation of, 964-65
Geological periods, 872-74, 1646
duration of, 453-54
table of, 452
Geological vegetable kingdom, 454-56
Geology, 439
Georgians, 1671
Georgium Sidus, 428
Geysers, 520-22
Giant Orion, the, 78, 96
Gibbons, 1529, 1547
Ginko-tree, 876, 884
Giraffe, the (Camelopardus), 78
the, 1532, 1549
Glacial period, 496
Glacier, of the Aar, 512-13
of the Aletsch, 506, 513
of the Grindelwald, 512
Glaciers, 502-16
of the Andes, 505
of the Caucasus, 505, 506
of Himalayas, 506
of Norway and Sweden, 506
of the Pyrenees, 505-6
of the Rocky Mountains, 505
of Switzerland, 506
of the Tyrol, 506
Glaisher, 776-77, 807
Globes, celestial, 65
Glucose, 969
Gobi, Desert of, 661-62
Goethe, 895, 998-99, 1002, 1294
Goldschmidt, 400
Gorilla, 1550
Gould, Dr., 171, 188, 191
Gourami, 1629
Grallæ, 489
Graminaceæ, 923-24, 954
Grass, 1010, 1082-83, 1114, 1144-46
Grasses, 938, 943-45, 954, 1031-32
Grasshoppers, 1435
Grass,” “Land of, 637
Gray, Asa, 1483
Grew, Nehemiah, 986, 988, 989
Greyhounds, the, 78
Grubb, Sir Howard, 251, 261
Guinea-fowl, 1523, 1551
Gulberg, 792
Gulf Stream, 727-49, 1265-66
Gulf-weed, 1264
Gymnogens, 483, 1001
Gymnosperms, 455, 873, 890-91, 958
Gyracanthus, 485
H
Haeckel, Ernst, 982, 1299, 1305
Hail, 809-11
Hailstones, 110
Hailstorm, noted, 811
Haliday, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1456, 1457
Hall, Asaph, 395
Halley, 38, 63, 291, 816
Halos, 826
Hamster, 1619
Hanno, 761
Harmattan, 831
Harriot, 320
Harvey, Dr., 1250-51
Hawkesbury, the, 624
Heath, 950, 1142
Heavens, the, 25
the Arabian, 106-20
Heis, 60, 61, 62, 66
Helmholtz, 350
Hen and Chickens, 77
Hencke, 399, 400
Henshaw, 988
Henslow, 1113
Herbert, W., 1466
Herculaneum, 516-17
Hercules, 78, 375
Hermaphrodites, 1500
Hermit Crab, 1330, 1606
Heron, Sir R., 1492
Herschel, Caroline, 164
Herschel, Sir John, 136, 137, 146, 155-56, 157, 158, 160, 162-63, 170, 171, 189, 191, 192, 207, 212, 241, 321, 384
Herschel, Sir William, 59-60, 121, 136, 137, 162, 167, 168, 172, 175, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 243, 319, 321, 426
Hesiod, 76, 91
Heteromorpha, 1405
Heteroptera, 1419-21
Hevel, 377
Hevelius, 226, 353
Hexactinellidæ, 1307-13
Hierapolis, Baths of, 598
Hildebrand, 1003, 1014
Hind, 128, 190, 400
Hindoos, 1672
Hipparchus, 60, 221
Hipparion, 1298
Hippopotamus, 1532, 1549-50
Hoar-frost, 812
Hofmeister, 1053
Holden, Prof., 161, 163
Holoptychius, 470, 474
Holothuria, 1365
Holtenia carpenteri, 1307-9
Home, Sir Everard, 1387, 1388, 1393
Homer, 72, 75, 76, 297, 359, 761
Homomorpha, 1405
Homomorphism, 1099-1114
Honey-suckers, 1559-60
Hooke, 988
Hooker, Dr., 926, 1214, 1483
Horse, 1532
Horsetails, 887
Hottentots, 1675
Houzeau, 61, 62, 66, 67, 126
Howard, Luke, 821
Hudson, W. H., 1605
Huggins, Dr., 161, 163, 183
Humboldt, A. von, 33, 54, 58, 148, 224-26, 750, 759-60, 776, 906, 920-21, 1143, 1161, 1170, 1180, 1214, 1265
Humboldt’s region, 941
Humming-birds, 1557, 1628-29
Hurricanes, 844
Huxley, 753, 979, 1306, 1500, 1583
Huygens, 154
Hyades, 66, 75, 124, 127, 152-53
Hya-hya-tree, 1167
Hydra, 1328-29
(constellation), 98
Hydrozoa, 1325-27
Hyenas, 1546, 1548-49
Hymenium, 1199, 1200
Hymenoptera, 1406, 1449-58, 1634
I
Ice, 507
age, 1128
Ichneumons, 1406, 1408
Ichthyosauri, 673-74
Iliad, quotation from the, 75
Incidence, angle of, 800
India rubber, 1163, 1166
Indian, the (constellation), 78
figs, 1180, 1181, 1184-85
Infusoria, 1290
Insects, 1401-64, 1545, 1552, 1557, 1576, 1577-78, 1620, 1623-24, 1634, 1635
eggs of, 1401
eyes of, 1445-48
and flowers, 894-95, 897, 957, 968, 1028-30, 1064-68, 1069-77, 1112, 1495
fossil, 1421-22
imago of, 1401, 1461
larva of, 1401, 1458-59
mimicry in, 1595, 1600
orders of, 1402-5
parasitic, 1403, 1407, 1408, 1411, 1419, 1449-58
pupa of, 1401, 1460
scales of, 1431-34
“sembling” of, 1443-44
senses of, 1439-48
sounds of, 1434-36
stings of, 1436-39
transformations, 1401-2, 1405-6, 1458-64
type of, 1423
types of, 1423, 1424-25
wings of, 1428-34
Irrawadi, the, 624
Isobars, 788, 789-90
Isothermals, 786
J
Jackal, 1546
Jack-on-the-Middle-Horse, 126
Jacob’s staff, 77
Jacquart, Dr., 1694
Jacquin’s region, 941
Jaguar, 1553
Jaxartes, the, 627, 640
Jeffreys, Gwyn, 1309, 1312
Jelly-fish, 962, 1325-29
Job, 75, 119
Jorullo, 561
Josephus, 76
Judd, Prof., 528
Jungfrau, the, 512, 513
Jungles, 1140
Jupiter, 32, 131, 312, 313, 317, 326, 331, 340, 403-15
atmosphere of, 411
brightness of, 404-5
density of, 403-4
orbit of, 404
red spot on, 408-9
rotation of, 403
satellites of, 411-15
spectrum of, 416
spots on, 407-8
volume of, 403
Jussieu, B. de, 993-94
Jussieu, L. de, 995
K
Kaemtz, 787
Kakapo, 1608
Kampfer’s region, 940
Kangaroo, 965, 1558
Kangaroo-rat, 1558
Kazwini, 106, 115, 118, 119
Keeler, 155, 255, 406, 407, 422
Kepler, 226, 368, 396, 799-800
Kerner, 1003
Kilauea, 544, 545, 557
Kirby and Spence, 1401
Kirchhoff, 337-38, 340, 342
Kluge, 544
Knight, Andrew, 1058
Koch, Dr. R., 1133
Krakatoa, eruption of, 527-36
Krates, 64
Krause, 1003
L
Lacépède, 1687
Lago Maggiore, 573
Lagoons. See Atolls
Lake, Big Soda, 581
Drummond, 631
dwellers, 1093-94
of Geneva, 574, 575, 576
Great Salt, of Utah, 579-81, 587
Superior, 573, 576
Tchad, 628
Lakes, 573-88, 620-21, 628
Lalande, 431
Land, distribution of, 676-79
“Land of Grass,” the, 638
Landes, Les, 644-45
Laplace, 310, 433, 434, 787
Laplanders, 1672
Lassell, 430, 432
Latreille, 1403, 1414, 1415
Lava, 540-41, 552, 554-59
Laval, Pyrard de, 690
Leaf, 863-64, 1222
Leaves, 863, 972-75, 1016-27, 1042-44, 1221
falling, 1126
foliage, 865-66
Le Monnier, 427
Lemurs, 1529
Leo, sickle in, 125, 127
Leonids, 278-81
Lepidodendra, 468, 960-61, 1230
Lepidoptera, 1421
Lepidosirens, 1345, 1353-55
Le Roi, 813
Lespès, M., 1410, 1411
Leuckart, 1419
Leverrier, 303, 348, 431
Ley, Clement, 821, 823
Lianes, 924-25, 928, 953
Libra, 78
Lichens, 454, 887, 889, 930, 946, 1208-19
Alpine, 1214-15
distribution of, 1213-14
organs of, 1212
reindeer, 931
rock hair, 1216-17
Tripe de Roche, 1219
written, 1211
Umbelicarus, Higinis, 514
Usnea florida, 1217-18
Life, omnipresence of, 1285-95
Light, 44, 51-2, 802
Ligule, 864
Liliaceous plants, 955
Lilies, 1084-87
Lindley, 995, 1060
classification of, 1000-2
Linnæan region, 939
Linnæus, 990, 1043, 1216, 1266, 1296, 1403, 1466
Lion, 1546, 1548
the (constellation), 78
Lister, Sir Joseph, 1134
Liverworts, 455, 887
Lizards, 1390-91, 1544, 1551
Llama, 1554
Llanos, the, 646, 918, 1143
Lobster, 1377-78
Lockyer, 342, 345, 346
Loess, 499
Lowell, Percival, 388-89, 390
Lowlands, 634-48
Lubbock, Sir J., 1457, 1656, 1657, 1661
Lucifer, 359
Lycopodiaceæ, 455, 470, 472
Lycopods, 468, 961-63, 1229-30
Lyell, Sir Charles, 627, 1466
Lynx, the, 78
Lyre, the, 85
M
Macaques, 1529
Macassar-poison tree, 1172
Mackerel skies, 823-24
Macrospores, 962, 965-66, 1365-67
Magellan, 1098
Magellanic clouds, 147-48, 167
Magnol, 992-94
Magnolias, 906, 916
Magpies, 1630
Maguey-plants, 1140
Magyars, 1672, 1674
Maize, 944
Malays, 1676-77
Malpighi, 988
Malvaceæ, 950
Mamillaria, 1182, 1187
Mammals, herbivorous, 886
Mammalia, 1513-20, 1535, 1552
protective colors, 1598-1600
Mammoth Cave, 615
Man, 1518, 1679
birthplace of, 1654, 1682
brain of, 1689
cranium of, 1692
definition of, 1679
facial angle of, 1692-94
first appearance of, 1647-56
hand of, 1691
migration of, 1680-86
primitive, 1656-67
senses of, 1690-92
Manchineel, the, 1164-65
Mandioc, 1164
Manioc, 945
Mankind, distribution of, 1667-68
ethnological division of, 1669-71
races of, 1667-78, 1682, 1685-89
Marco Polo, 986
Mare’s tails. See Equisetaceæ
Mariotte, 804
Marmosets, 1555
Marmots, 1615
Mars, 131, 312, 313, 331, 340, 385-96
atmosphere of, 393-94
canals on, 388-91
climate of, 394
diameter of, 385
“Eye of,” 388
Hour Glass Sea, 392
lakes of, 388
moons of, 395
rotation of, 386
seasons of, 386
spectrum of, 392
Marshes, 628-34
Marsupialia, 1534-35, 1536
Marsupials, 1539, 1558
Martins, Ch., 814-16
Martius, 899-902, 921, 1165
Martius’s region, 941
Maskelyne, 426
Mastodon, the, 492-93, 1533
Ma-tuan-lin, annals of (Chinese), 221, 222, 226
Mauna Loa, 557
Maury, 301, 730, 840, 842, 1266
Maxwell, Clerk, 419
Mayflies, 1415-16
Medusa, Head of, 85
Medusæ, the, 962.
See Jelly-fish
Megalichthys, 470, 474
Megalonyx, 1533
Megatherium, 1533
Melocactus, 1182, 1187
Mercury, 130-31, 311, 326, 331, 348, 353-58
atmosphere of, 354
diameter of, 354
elongations of, 354
orbit of, 353-54
phases of, 354-55
revolution of, 353-54
and Venus, 355
Mer de Glace, 512-13
Mesozoic, flora, 871-77
Ocean, 672-74
Messier, 35, 130, 426
the “Comet Ferret,” 426
Messophyll, 864
Metamorphosis of insects, 1461
Metazoa, 1299
Meteorology, science of, 786, 788, 791, 991
Meteors, 266-82
Mexican hand-tree, 950
Mexico, agriculture in, 1094
Meyer, Hans, 1598
Miasma, 634
Michaux’s region, 940
Microspores, 961-62
Mildew, 1200
Milk-tree, 1167, 1170
Milky Way, the, 27-28, 50, 60, 70, 76, 85, 128, 129, 133-46
Miller, Prof., 806
Millet, 945
Milne-Edwards, 757
Mimicry, 1593-1601
in fungi, 1197
in plants, 1070, 1099-1114
Mimosa form, 950
Miocene, 1647, 1649
animals of, 1532, 1535
Tertiary, 491-93
Mira Ceti, 99, 128, 194, 210
Mirage, 638-39, 661, 947
Mirfak, 134
Mississippi, the, 624, 626
Mistral, 831
Mitchell Miss, 286
Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 927
Mizar, 81, 126, 127, 196-97
Moa, 1561
Moffette, 518
Moggridge, 1612
Mohl, 1052, 1060
Mohn, 792
Mollusca, 470, 481, 1302, 1320, 1602
Mollusks, 459, 460
Monera, 1305
Mongolians, 1673-74
Monkeys, 1529-31, 1555
fossil, 1529
Monocotyledons, 862
Monsoons, 836-41, 849-50
Montanari, 68
Mont Blanc, 512
Moon, the, 376-85
brightness of the, 384-85
diameter of the, 35
geography of the, 378-85
influence upon the earth, 720
Maria of the, 379-81
mountains of the, 382-84
Moons. See Satellites
Moss, Iceland, 931, 1218
Irish, 1257
Spanish, 1229
Mosses, 455, 887, 889, 930, 1220-30
club, 961-63, 1229-30
distribution of, 1223-26
leaves of, 1221
organs of, 1221-22
scale, 1226-29
urn, 1226
Moth, Death’s Head, 1572
Moths, wings of, 1431-33
Mould, 1201
Mountains, 566-72
Mouse, dwarf, 1633
Mu Cephei, 188
Mud-lava, 516
Mud-lumps, 610-11
Mud-volcanoes, 519-20, 522-25
Müller, H., 1102
Müller, 1003
Munro, Gen., 1117, 1119, 1122
Mushrooms, 1200, 1207-8
French, 1207
St. Georges, 1207-8
spawn of, 1198
Muskrats, 1638
Mussels, 459, 460
Mycelium, 1198
N
Napoleon, 787
Natural selection, 1122, 1130, 1482-1512
Nebula, definition of, 180-82
great, in Andromeda, 129
in Andromeda (31 Messier), 163-66, 176
in Argo, 155-57
“30 Doradus,” 157
The Dumb-bell, 158
The Keyhole, 155-57
“57 Messier,” 159
“99 Messier,” 161, 167
great, of Orion, 129, 154-55, 176-87
“the trifid” (20 Messier), 157-58
Nebulæ, the, 28-29
“annular,” 159-60
elliptical, 163
planetary, 161-63
“Queen of the,” 129
spiral, 166-67
Nebular hypothesis, 310, 433
Nefouds, the, 659-60
Negro, the, 1674-76
Neptune, 41, 312, 313, 317, 332, 430-32
diameter of, 431
distance from the sun, 431
revolution of, 431
satellite of, 432
Nemertes worm, 1371-73
Nettle-plants, 1168-71
Nettles and serpents, 1170-72
Neuroptera, 1413-17
Névé, region of the, 515
Newton, 242, 289, 803, 804, 805
New Zealand, birds of, 1524-25
fauna of, 1561
savages, 1673, 1677
vegetation in, 929-30
Nichol, Prof., 143, 146
Nile, the, 623, 624, 625
Northern Crown, the, 86, 123
North Pole, 88
Nubecula, major, 139, 147-48
minor, 139, 147-48
Nuts, 1174-80
O
Oak, 931
Oak-egger moth, 1441-43
Occultations, 131-32
Ocean, floor of the, 676-89
luminosity of the, 759-63
Mesozoic, 672-74
Palæozoic, 670-71
phosphorescence of the, 1320-24
primitive, 666
of the Tertiary Period, 674-75
Oil-wells, 519
Old Red Sandstone, 481, 482, 483, 484, 486
Omega in Centaur, 180
Onychoteuthis, 673
Oolite, animals, 1535
reptiles, 487-88
Opalina, 1290, 1294
Ophiocephalidæ, 1352-53
Opossums, 1534, 1541, 1554, 1579-80, 1648
Opuntias, 1184-85, 1188
Orang-outangs, 1529, 1530, 1547, 1550, 1626
Orchids, 951, 956, 1101-2, 1113, 1154-55
Organ, 1292
Orinoco, the, 623
Orion, 97, 124, 177
belt of, 124
great nebula of, 29, 97, 125, 129, 154-55, 176-87
sword of, 124
Orycteropus, 1571
Ornithorynchus, 1558-59
Orthoceratites, 672
Orthoptera, 1413
Ostrich, 1523-24, 1526, 1550
Oven-bird, 1637-38
Ovid, 64
Owen, 1297
Owl, horned, 1607
Oysters, 459
P
Pachydermata, 1536, 1549
extinct, 491-93
Paget, Sir James, 978
Palæontology, 1529, 1532
founder of, 463
Palæotheres, 490-91
Palæozoic, fauna, 872
flora, 872, 874
ocean, 670-71
Paley, 1293
Paliser, 400
Palm, date, 911
groves, 1140
oil, 912
Palmetto fields, 1140
Palms, 938, 949-50
Pampas, 647-48, 663-64, 1141, 1145
Pampero, 850-52
Papuans, 1676-77
Paradise-fish, 1603
Partridge, 1581
Passifloras, 953, 956
Pea-crab, 1604
Peach, the, 1095
Peacock, 1547
Peat bogs, 631-34
Peat-mosses, 631-34
Peccary, 1553
Peduncle, the, 867
Pegasus, 78
square of, 84, 123
Permian period, 465, 872, 873
Péron, 755-57
Perseus, 78, 84
new star in, 228-38
Persians, 1672
Peru, agriculture in, 1094
Petals, 868, 1002, 1032
Petermann, Dr., 738
Phænogams, 454, 455, 456
Phanerogams, 887, 890-92, 957-58, 966, 1001
Pheasants, 1547
Pholades, 757
Phosphorescence of fungi, 1192-93
of ocean, 750-63, 1320-24
Phyllode, 864
Phyllotaxis, 1017
Piazzi, 396-98
Pickering, W. H., 155
Pictet, 813
Pileus, 1199
Pines, 455, 873, 876, 885-86, 931
Pine-woods, 1136
Piscis Australis, 98
Pistil, 869, 1003
Pitcher-plants, 1074-75
Placoids, 482
Planetoids, the, 396-403
Planets, the, 30, 31, 55, 310-16
Planisphere, Græco-Egyptian, 64
Plants, and animals, 976-77, 979-84, 1478
cilia of, 1010
classification of, 984-1002
climbing, 1045-61
color development in, 896
cultivation of, 1091-99
dew, 1083
distribution of, 936-45
fertilization of, 892-98, 1005-16
flowering and flowerless, 963-65
food, 941-45, 1026
forms of, 948-55
fossil, 958
growth of, 1122
insect-fertilized, 894-95
insectivorous, 1068-77, 1103
“irritability” of, 977-78, 1040,
leguminous, 1080
milk-sap, 1161-74
mimicry of, 1099-1114, 1598
movement in, 1045-61
movements of, 1005-16, 1037-44, 1122-25
oldest, 455, 1230
organs of, 968
radiation of, 1042-43
sleep of, 978, 1038, 1042
social, 956
and soil, 934-36, 969-72
wind-fertilized, 894
Planula, 1328
Plastron, 1394
Platypus, 1558-59
Plateaus, submarine, 683
Pleiades, the, 75, 77, 85, 94, 123-24, 151-52, 167
Pleistocene, 1647, 1649
animals, 1533
Plesiosaurus, 674
Pleuracanthus, 485
Pleuronectidæ, 483
Pliny, 60, 221, 757, 761, 986
Pliocene, 1522, 1647, 1649
animals, 1532, 1533
Plow, the, 122
Plowright, Dr., 1101, 1106
Plumularia, 1333-35
Plutarch, 376
Poik, the, 617-20
Poison-trees, 1165
Pole Star, 68, 82-83, 87, 122, 197
Pollen, 868, 1002, 1028-29
Pollux, 57, 98, 122, 315
Polynesia, fauna of, 1560-61
races of, 1666, 1676-77
Polypes, 1328-31
bell, 1335-36
coral, 459
garland, 1331-35
Polyzoa, 471
Pomegranate, 1095
Porcupine, the, 747
Porpoise, 1561
Potato, 942, 945
sweet, 929
Pothos, 952, 955
Pouchet, George, 1681
Poultry, domestic, 1547
Poussinière, the, 75
Prairies, the, 645, 1142
Prawn, 1377
Prehistoric period, 1647
Priestley, 1205
Pritchard, Dr., 1688, 1689
Probabilities, science of, 786
Proctor, 66
Procyon, 57, 63, 76, 98
Prœsepe, 66, 130, 153
Prophet-plant, 1061-68
Protein, 980
Prothallus, 962
Protogens, 456
Protoplasm, 980, 1039
Protozoa, 1299, 1304-5
Psammodus, 470
Pterichthys, 483, 484, 671
Pterodactyles, 487
Ptolemy, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68
Puma, 1553
Pursch’s region, 940
Pygopterus, 474
Pyrosoma, the, 755
Python, 1548, 1551, 1567
Q
Quadrumana, 1518, 1529-31, 1536, 1548, 1550
Quagga, 1541, 1550
Quaking-bogs, 631
Quaternary period, 494, 495, 1679-80
R
Radiata, 1303-4
Radiates, 459, 460
Radiation, 812
Rafflesia, Arnoldi, 956, 1068-71, 1173
Raffles, Sir Stamford, 1068
Rain, 792-98
colored, 797
cyclonic, 849
non-isobaric, 849
tropical, 849
Rainbow, the, 799-807
white, 806-7
Raindrops, 792-98
Rain-gauge, 792-93
Rake, the, 77
Ramsay, Sir Andrew C., 573
Rattlesnake, 1385
Raven, 1578-79
Ray, John, 989-90
Razor-fish, 1358
Red River, the, 624
Red Sandstones, 872, 873
Red Sandstone of Connecticut, 489-90
Reefs, barrier, 689, 693-96, 699-707
coral, 689-707
fringing, 689, 696-98
Refraction, law of, 800
Regulus, 57, 123, 125
Reindeer, 1538
Reinwardt’s region, 940
Reproduction, 966
Reptiles, 486-88, 1379-1401, 1548, 1551, 1557, 1610
extinct, 673-74
herbivorous, 886
mimicry in, 1597
Rhea, 1524, 1527, 1528
Rhinoceros, 1549
Rhizocarp, 455
Rhizocarpeæ, 455
Rhizodus, 485
Rhizogens, 1001
Rhizopods, 1305
Rhodius anarus, 1606
Rhone, the, 626
Rice, 944, 1114
Rigel, 57, 63, 96, 108, 124, 187, 188
River-basins, 636-37
River-drift man, 1649-56
Rivers, 621-27, 629
Roberts, Dr. Isaac, 158-59, 159-60, 164-65, 166-67, 245, 264
Rock, beds of, 450-52
definition of, 440
Rocks, 440-50
absorption of moisture by, 590-92
erratic, 496-97
Rodentia, 1519, 1536, 1550
Rooks, 1572
Roots, 861-63
Ross, Sir James, 688
Rosse, Lord, 154, 161, 166, 276
Rousseau, J. J., 1694
Roxburgh’s region, 940
Ruiz and Pavon’s region, 941
Ruminantia, 1531-36
Ruskin, 1019
Rust, 1200
Rye, 944
S
Sagitta, 77
Sahara, the, 654-59
Sahel, the, 655-56
Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de, 921, 922-23, 925
Saint-Hilaire’s region, 941
Saint Lawrence, the, 624
Saint Pierre, B. de, 1182
Saint Vincent, Bory de, 1688
Salamander, 1383
Salisburia, 876
Salmon, 1545
Salmonidæ, 483
Samoiedes, 1672, 1674
San Francisco, the, 625
Sargasso Sea, the, 1263-67
Satellites, 30, 411-15, 420-26, 429-30, 432
Jupiter’s, 411-15
Saturn, 312, 313, 317, 326, 331, 415-26
diameter of, 415
and Jupiter, 416, 417
moons of, 420-26
orbit of, 415
rings of, 417-20
rotation of, 415
seasons of, 415
spectrum of, 416
Saurians, 1390-94
Savages, 1657-66, 1673
Savannas, 646
Savary, 201
Savigny, 1422
Scales, of fishes, 1338-40
of insects, 1431-34
Schiaparelli, 356-57, 388, 394
Schickard, 119
Schiller, Jules, 105
Schmidt, 818
Schöpf, 712-13
Schwabe, Herr, 324, 326-27
Scoresby, 807
Scott, Walter, 763, 1022
Sculptor’s Workshop, the, 78
Sea, color of the, 709-13
depths of the, 680-89
distribution of the, 677-79
fauna of deep, 1304
flora of the, 1233-37
magnitude of the, 707
phosphorescence of the, 750-63
shore, the, 763-72, 1232-33
temperature of the deep, 739-40
water, organic life in, 1261
wonders of the, 1357-74
Sea-dust, 831-32
-horses, 1346-50
-pens, 754-55
-slugs, 1369-70
-urchins, 459, 1361-62
Sea of Aral, 582
Seals, 582
Sea-weed, Irish moss, 1257
Sargassum, 1263-68
Sea-weeds, 454, 1230, 1237-62
colors of, 1262
dulse, 1250
food of, 1261-62
fucus, 1239
laver, 1251
organs of, 1262
parasitic, 1246
spores of, 1262
Ulvæ, 1240
wracks, 1239
Seed, ejection of, 1007-16, 1199-1200, 1212
Seeds, 1002-16, 1104-5
Seiches, 574
Selenography, 376
Selvas, 647
Seneca, 284
Sensitive-plants, 1039, 1040
Sepals, 867-68
Septentriones, 82
Sequoia, 876-84
Serpent, the, 78
Serpents, 488, 1383-90, 1551, 1557
Sertularia, 1330
Sexual selection, 1491
Shagreen, 1339
Shakespeare, 1204
Shark, 1538, 1544
Shield of Sobieski, 78, 96
Shooting-fishes, 1351
Shooting-stars, 132
Sidereal universe, 30
Sidereus Nuncius, 377
Sigillaria, 464, 470, 476, 1230
Sigillariæ, 470
Silkworm, 1545
Silurian beach, 456-63
Silurian period, 461-63
fauna of the, 481
Simoon, 830
Sirius, 54, 56, 57, 63, 66, 75, 96, 97, 125, 187, 193, 203, 308
Sirocco, 830-31
Smith, Sir J. E., 998
Smith, Worthington, 1598
Smut, 1200
Snell, Willebrod, 800, 801
Snow, 807-9
red, of Alps, 514-15
crystals, 807-8
flakes, 808-9
Social plants, 1226
Soffioni, 518
Soil, absorption of moisture by, 588-90
and plants, 934-36, 969-72
Solar, corona, 342
spectrum, 337, 346
system, 30, 71-72
Solfatara, 518, 539
Somma, 542-43
Sorcerer’s Spring, the, 592
Southern Cross, the, 78, 99, 125
Space, 32, 33-42
Species, 984
Spectroscope, 333
Spencer, Herbert, 1466
Spermaceti, 1563
Sphagnum, 632, 633
Sphere, invention of the, 64
Spica, 57, 63, 66, 209
Spiders, 1578, 1600-1, 1612-14, 1634
Spines, 867
Spinneret, 1460
Sponges, 1305, 1307-13
Spores, fungi, 1199
lichens, 1212
of sea-weed, 1262
Sprengel, 1003
Springs, 592-604
mineral, 602-3
salt, 599-601
thermal, 594-99
Sprung, 792
Spurge, family of, 1163
phosphorescent, 1166
Squalls, 845-47
Squirrels, 1624-25
Stamens, 868, 1002
Staphilinus Cæsareus, 1568
Star, “the Blaze,” 277
the brightest, 54, 63
the “Demon,” 216-20
the dog, 97
“garnet” (Mu Cephei), 188
“The Lost,” 115
nearest to earth, 41, 99
“Nova” [P (34) Cygni], 226
Nova Persei, 228-38
“The Pilgrim,” 223
the Pole, 68, 82-83, 87, 122, 197
“The Test,” 81, 115
Tycho Brahe’s, 223, 224-26
“the wonderful.” See Mira Ceti
Star-clusters, 29, 49, 50, 66, 160, 167, 167-75, 192
Star-fishes, 450
-groups, 151-53
-streams, 133-40
Stars, the, 25, 43, 51-60, 307-9
Arabic, names of, 106-20
atlases of, 65-66
binary, 200-10
blue, 192
brightness of the, 56, 68-69
catalogue of, 58, 60, 61, 62
colored, 187-95
distances of the, 36, 46, 51-52
double, 67, 125, 192, 195-200
double (naked eye), 126-27
fixed, 30-31, 55, 60
fortunate, 116
green, 191-92
inhabited, 307-10
lucid, 60
magnitudes of, 56-58, 62-63
maps of, 65-66
movements of, 33
multiple, 195
nebulous, 163
number of, 58-60, 60-61, 120-21
of solar type, 315
quadruple, 195
red, 188-91, 193-95
scintillation of, 53-54
shadows of, 66
shooting, 132
spectra of, 308
temporary, 128, 220-27
triple, 195, 203-4
variable, 127-28, 194, 209-20
wandering, 31, 55
white, 193, 195
yellow, 193
Steinbrinck, 1003
Stem, 862
Steppes, the, 582, 637-43, 661, 947, 1143-46
Sticklebacks, 1350, 1629
Stigma, 870
Stigmaria, 464, 476
Stigmariæ, 470
Stipa pennata, 1015-16, 1144
Stipules, 864
Stomata, 1022
Storms, rotary, 844-45
thunder, 847-48
Strabo, 64, 598
Stratum, 440
Streams, subterranean, 604-10
Stromboli, 544-45
Strommung, 1543
Struve, 59, 201, 430
Sun, the, 316-52
density of the, 316
diameter of the, 36
gravity of the, 317
mass of the, 316
spots, 318-25, 544, 817
a star of the Milky Way, 28
a variable star, 327
volume of the, 316
Sun-birds, 1551
Sun-dew, the, 1073-74
Suns, numberless, 28, 29, 48-49
Survival of the fittest, 1466, 1484
Swallow, 1636
Swamps, 628-34, 1137-38
Swan, the, 78, 123
Swartz’s region, 941
Swinburne, 1073
Swine, 1532
Synapta Digitata, 1362-63
T
Tadpole, 1379-82
Tailor-bird, 1633
Tangles, 1231, 1248-49
Tapir, 1553, 1554
Taurus, 123-24
Taxonomy, 1298
Tebbad, 830
Tef, 945
Telegraph-plant, 1041, 1044
Telescope, the, 49, 333-37
the Cassegrain, 243-44
equatorial, 249-53, 258-61
eye-pieces, 245-47
Lick, 256
reflecting, 241
refracting, 238
Lord Rosse’s, 253
Yerkes, 255
Telescopes, great, 253-61
photographic, 262-66
Tendrils, 867, 1049-60, 1124-25
Termites, 1414, 1552
Tertiary period, 493, 674-75
animals, 1532
Thallogens, 454, 482, 1000
Thallophytes, 958
Thallus, 1000
Theodorus, 64
Thistles, 1145-46, 1181, 1183
Three Kings, the, 77, 97
Thunberg’s region, 941
Thunderstorms, 847-48
Tidal-action, 713-27
Tides, 713-27
Tierra del Fuegians, 1664-66, 1678
Tigris, the, 624
Titmouse, 1630
Titus, law of, 397
Toad, 1382-83
Toadstool, 1200
Tocusso, 945
Torch-thistles, 1181, 1183
Tornado, 844, 852-58
Tortoise, 1394-98, 1399-1401
Tortoise-shell, 1397
Toucans, 1556
Tournefort, 986-90
Toxotes jaculator, 1576
Trade-winds, 659, 663, 834-36, 841-42
Tree-frog, 1383
-palms, 885
-worship, 1078
Trees, 1030-31
Australian, 1139
California big, 876-84
deciduous, 1129
nut, 1174-80
poison, 1165, 1167-68, 1172, 1174
Tremendal, 631
Triangle, the, 78
Trias, 872
Trichoptera, 1417-18
Trilobites, 457, 460, 471, 481, 671
Tritons, 1383
Truffle, 1201
Trumpet-tree, 1165
Tschudi, Jacbon, 877
Tundras, 582, 637
Turkeys, 1523, 1556
Turks, 1672, 1674
Turtle, 1398-1401
Twins, the, 78, 98
Tycho Brahe, 69, 303, 353
Tycho Brahe’s star, 223-26
Typhoons, 845
U
Ulloa, Don Antonio de, 807
Ulug Bekh, 67, 115, 118
Ungulata, 1536
Univalves, 459
Universe, the, 25-33, 51
Upas-tree, 1172, 1174
Uranography, Chinese, 76
Uranometria, Argentina, 66, 70
(Bayer’s), 64
Uranoscopus, 1569
Uranus, 131, 312, 313, 317, 332, 426-30
diameter of, 428
revolution of, 428
satellites of, 429-30
Urus, 1543
Utah, Great Salt Lake of, 579-81, 587
desert of, 662
V
Vallisneria spiralis, 893, 1006
Vanilla, 955, 1152
Van Tieghem, 967
Vaucher, 1015
Vaucluse, the Gorges of, 604-5
Vedas, the, 501
Vega, 51-52, 57, 63, 76, 85, 87, 123, 187, 193
Vegetable-ivory, 1179
Vegetation, in Africa, 909-15
in America, 915-26
in Asia, 905-9
in Australia, 926-29
in Canary Isles, 932-34
of the earth, 946-56
in Europe, 898-904
in New Zealand, 939-30
zones of, 930-45
Venus, 131, 312, 317, 326, 331, 358-64
atmosphere of, 361
and Mercury, 355
climate of, 361
geography of, 362
orbit of, 360
phases of, 359-60
revolution of, 360
year of, 361
Venus’s Fly-trap, 1076-77
Vertebrata, 1301, 1337
Vertebrates, 460-61
Vesper, 359
Vesuvius, 525, 543, 545, 546, 548-49, 551, 556, 557
Via Lactea, 27
Virey, 1687
Vitellio, 799
Vitruvius, 598
Vizcacha, 1617-19
Volcanic, action, 516-27, 541-42
tuff, 445
Volcano, 545
definition of, 537-38
Volcanoes, 525-27, 536-59, 562, 570
eruptions of, 517
gaseous emanations, 518-19, 538-39
mud, 519-20, 522-25
Volga, the, 627, 637
Vulcan, 353
Vulpecula, 78
Vulture, 1551
W
Wahlenberg’s region, 930, 939, 1143
Walker, Francis, 1452
Wallace, A. R., 1003, 1100-1, 1127, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1297, 1591, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597
Wallich’s region, 940
Wasps, 1408, 1409, 1634
Water-bearer, the, 78
Waterspouts, 845
Weak, J. P. Mansel, 1101, 1598
Weather, 784
prognostics, 784-85, 827-28
charts of the, 786, 788, 827
Weaver-birds, 1631-33
Wells, Dr. William Charles, 813
Westwood, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405
Whale, 1561
the, 98-99
Whately, 1658, 1661
Wheat, 944, 945
Whirlwind, 849, 852-53
Whitney, Prof., 878
Whorl, 866
Wildcat, 1542
Williams, Stanley, 409-10
Wilson, Alexander, 813
Winds, 828-45
trade, 834-36, 841-42
Wings of insects, 1428-34
Winlock, Prof., 818
Withering, 998
Wolf, Max, 155, 263
Wollaston, 54
Wolves, 1574-75
Woods, Brazilian, 1146-61
Worms, 459-60, 1619
Wren, Sir Christopher, 792-93
X
Xylocopa, 1620
Y
Yellowstone National Park, 520
Young, Thomas, 806-7
Yucca, 954, 1164
Z
Zebra, 1541, 1550
Zodiac, the, 88-95
Arabic, 92
Chinese, 93-94
of Denderah, 90
of the Elephanta Pagoda, 91
of Esne, 91
Hindoo, 93
Zodiacal light, 132, 149-51, 351, 352
spectrum of, 346
Zone, of calms, 833-34
the coralline, 1230
the laminarian, 1230, 1231
the littoral, 1230
Zones, bathymetrical, 1521-22
Zoophytes, 470, 481
Zoospores, 1039
Zosteraceæ, 482