Chapter V · MINOR VARIETIES OF PEARS (continued 7)

Kleine Zwiebelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:171. 1856.

Reported in Thuringia, 1819. Fruit small, bulbous or globular-turbinate, lemon-yellow, blushed, dotted with gray, splashed with gray-russet; flesh whitish, sweet, firm, breaking, juicy; good for culinary use; autumn.

Kloppelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:8. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 242. 1889.

Hesse, Ger. Reported by Diel, 1805. One of the Volemas. Fruit medium, almost round, yellowish-white, changing to lemon-yellow with pale blush; flesh breaking, aromatic, juicy, perfumed; second for table, first for cooking; Dec.

Knabenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:32. 1856.

German. Published by Diel, 1805. Fruit medium, turbinate, swelled, sides unequal; skin polished, light green changing to greenish yellow, often has a dark blush, green dots; flesh granular, very juicy, sweet and acid; second for dessert, first for household; end of Aug.

Knausbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:172. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 242. 1889. 3. Löschnig Mostbirnen 42, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown under a variety of names in Austria and Germany. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, sides unequal, greenish light-yellow, washed and streaked with reddish-brown; flesh yellow-white, breaking, astringent, saccharine, with little flavor or aroma; third for the table, but good for cooking use, perry or drying; end of Sept.

Knechtchensbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:2. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1797. Fruit small, round pear-shaped, yellow, russet dots, blushed; flesh firm, insipid; good for cooking; Aug. and Sept.

Knight. 1. Mag. Hort. 13:449. 1847. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 796. 1869.

Raised by William Knight of Cranston, R. I., and first exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1835. Fruit medium, oblate-pyriform, yellowish pale-green with grayish specks; flesh melting, juicy, sweet, rich, aromatic; Sept. and Oct.

Knollbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 186, fig. 1913.

A perry pear of Swiss origin introduced into Austria about 1885. Fruit medium to rather large, long-ovate; skin leaf-green turning to yellow-green at maturity, half the fruit on the sun-exposed side often being a dark brown-red; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, very juicy, saccharine and astringent; good for transporting; Oct. and Nov.

Knoops Simmtbirne. 1. Guide Prat. 98, 283. 1876. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 242. 1889.

Poire Canelle. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:143, fig. 552. 1881.

Origin uncertain, possibly Dutch. Dr. Diel received it from Harlem under the name of Franse Canneel-Peer. Knoop described under the name Fondante de Brest, a variety to which he gave the synonym Franse Canneel-Peer, but it is not the Fondante de Brest of Duhamel and other French authors. Fruit medium, nearly short-conic, and sometimes conic and somewhat pyriform; skin fine and thin, clear green sown with numerous small, brown dots changing to dull yellow; flesh white, slightly tinted with yellow, buttery or semi-buttery, gritty around the core, juice sufficient, sweet and perfumed; good for eating raw and very good for cooking; Sept.

Kolmasbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 164, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small, globular or longish-pyriform, smooth, shining, dirty greenish-yellow, golden on the sun-exposed side, dotted with red; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, very juicy, saccharine, astringent; late Sept.

Kolstuck. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:113, fig. 441. 1880.

Koolstock. 2. Ragan Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul. 126:158. 1908.

Origin unknown. Reported on trial at the Experiment Station, Agassiz, B. C, in 1900. Fruit medium or nearly medium, obtuse-conic-pyriform, rather like Calebasse in form, often a little irregular in contour, clear green on which, in parts, are visible very small specks of gray-black; at maturity the basic green changes to pale yellow and the cheek exposed to the sun is extensively washed or flamed with bright vermilion; medium early.

König Karl von Württemberg. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 242. 1889. 2. Lucas Tafelbirnen 239, fig. 98. 1894.

Roi Charles de Wurtemberg. 3. Guide Prat. 61. 1895.

Obtained about 1886 by Herr Müller, gardener to the King of Württemberg. Fruit large to very large, oval, bossed, obtuse, pale yellow, speckled with russet and brown dots; flesh fine, nearly melting, agreeably perfumed, juicy, good for dessert and is decorative for the table; Oct. and Nov.

Königliche Weissbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:35. 1856.

Holland, 1804. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, rounded at the apex, regular; skin shining, smooth, light green turning to greenish-yellow, green dots; flesh breaking, white, sweet, aromatic, fairly melting; second for dessert, first for cuisine; early Sept.

Königsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:142. 1856.

North German, 1773. Fruit large, sides unequal, smooth, light green turning to yellow, dotted with fine gray; flesh breaking, tender, sweet; second for table, first for household; Aug. and Sept.

Konstanzer Langler. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 44, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in the Voralberg, Austria, and in Bavaria, Baden and other parts of Germany. Fruit medium to large, long-pyriform, greenish, speckled with brownish-red dots and patches of russet; flesh greenish-white, juicy, of a saccharine and acidulous flavor; end of Sept.

Kraft Sommer Bergamotte. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 244. 1889.

Bergamotte d’été de Kraft. 2. Guide Prat. 102. 1895.

Fruit small, spherical-oblate, fine, bright yellow; flesh breaking, sugary; end of Aug. and beginning of Sept.

Krauelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:162. 1856.

Reported in Holstein, Ger., 1788. Fruit small, globular, wrinkled and uneven; flesh granular, sweet, wanting in juice; third for dessert, good for culinary use; Nov. to Whitsuntide.

Kreiselförmige Flegelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:5. 1856.

Upper Hesse, Ger., 1806. Reported by Diel. Fruit large, turbinate, entirely covered with russet, with very dark dots, breaking, fragrantly scented; first for household; Jan.

Kriegebirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:2. 1856.

Switzerland, Schwaben, published 1804. Fruit small, globular, yellow-green, shining, dark blush with gray specks; first for household and market; Oct.

Krivonogof. 1. Can. Hort. 27:291. 1894.

Originated in the Province of Toula, Russia. Tree very hardy. Fruit of good quality.

Krockhals. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:101. 1856.

Nassau, 1806. Published by Diel. Fruit medium, pyriform, bent or acutely sloping, lemon-yellow, cinnamon-russeted, often having a dark blush, heavily dotted; flesh rather white, granular, buttery, melting, juicy and extremely aromatic; first for table and cooking; Nov. and Dec.

Krull. 1. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 36, 112. 1890. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Pom. Man. 2:252. 1903.

Krull Winter. 3. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 330. 1888.

Originated on the farm of Mr. Krull, St. Charles, Mo., about 1808, and brought to notice by C. T. Mallinckrodt in 1888. Fruit type of Lawrence, medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, green with a tinge of yellow; stem short, thick, in a shallow cavity; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh yellowish, firm, granular, tough, rather dry, sweet, flat; poor to above; keeps into winter.

Krummgestielte Feigenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:191. 1856.

Saxony, 1807. Fruit medium, pyriform, thick-skinned, yellow-green with brown blush and rather rust-colored on the side next the sun, speckled with very fine dots; flesh yellowish-white, glutinous, very sweet, wanting in flavor; third for dessert, first for domestic use; Oct.

Kuhfuss. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 245. 1889.

Pied-de-Vache. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:35, fig. 210. 1879.

The origin of this pear, probably German, is not definitely known, but according to Oberdieck it was cultivated in almost all the large gardens of Hanover, and bore the name of Pfundbirn or Pound Pear at Hildesheim, Göttingen and Cassel. Fruit large, globular-turbinate; skin rather thick, of an intense green, speckled with dots of a darker shade, the green turning to yellow at maturity; flesh white, tinted with green, coarse, semi-melting; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous and refreshing; good; Aug.

Kurskaya. 1. Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 30. 1890.

Introduced from Russia in 1879. Fruit oblong-obtuse-pyriform, brownish-green changing partially to deep yellow when fully ripe; stem set in a narrow, shallow depression; calyx open in a rather wide, smooth basin; flesh nearly white, tender, not very juicy, nearly sweet; fair; Oct.

L’Inconnue Van Mons. 1. Mag. Hort. 17:67. 1851. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 596. 1884.

Unbekannte Von Mons. 3. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 334. 1881.

Fruit large, pyriform, rough to the touch, greenish-yellow, covered with large gray dots and patches of cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, with an agreeable aroma; first; Feb.

L’Inconstante. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:63, fig. 530. 1880.

Inconstant. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 788. 1869.

A seedling raised either by Van Mons or by his successor, Bivort. Fruit medium, conic or conic-pyriform, a little variable in form; skin thin, tender, pale green, sprinkled with very small and inconspicuous dots of gray fawn; on ripening the basic green changes to clear yellow, often preserving a green tint on the side next the sun, sometimes tinted with light red; flesh whitish, semi-fine, very melting, rather granular near the core; juice abundant, saccharine and more or less perfumed; good; Oct.

La Béarnaise. 1. Guide Prat. 94. 1895.

Obtained by P. Tourasse, Pau, Basses Pyrénées, Fr. Fruit above medium or large, well colored; flesh melting, juicy; first; Nov.

La Cité Gomand. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:105, fig. 149. 1878.

Attributed by Van Mons to M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit small, short-obtuse-turbinate, usually regular in outline, very clear green, whitish, speckled with very small dots not clearly visible; at maturity the basic color changes to pale yellow, slightly golden or washed with a suggestion of red on the side next the sun; flesh white, rather fine, semi-buttery; juice slightly deficient, sugary, faintly perfumed; second; end of Sept.

La France. 1. Gard. Chron. 3d Ser. 27:350. 1900. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. Fr. 282, fig. 1906.

Obtained by Claude Blanchet, Vienne, Isere, Fr., about 1864. Fruit medium or rather large, globular-conic, irregular, strongly bossed, greenish, sometimes pale yellow, freely dotted with gray; flesh white, fine or nearly fine, very melting; juice very saccharine, perfumed; very good; Oct. and Nov.

La Moulinoise. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 797. 1869.

A foreign variety, probably French. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, partially netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with brown-russet dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly vinous; first; Sept.

La Quintinye. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:570, fig. 1869.

Raised from a bed made in 1846 by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr.; first published in 1860. Fruit above medium or sometimes less, globular, irregular, bossed, sides unequal, pale yellow, thickly dotted and shaded with gray-russet, and sometimes reddened on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, saccharine, slightly aromatic but agreeably tart; second and sometimes first when the flesh is well perfumed; Mar. to May.

La Savoureuse. 1. Mas Le Verger 1:25, fig. 19. 1866-73. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 797. 1869.

Probably of German origin. Fruit nearly medium, globular-oblate, intense green with greenish-brown dots; flesh greenish-white, buttery, sweet, fine, agreeably refreshing, perfumed like the Bergamots, a little gritty around the center, third; all winter.

La Solsticiale. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Reported on trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit rather large, elongated, obtuse, yellowish tinted with russet; flesh saffron in hue, semi-breaking, very sugary and strongly perfumed; May to July.

La Vanstalle. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 178. 1832.

“Fruit perfectly pyramidal; highly colored with red; of medium size; flesh granulous, becoming insipid, and finally soft; it keeps till the middle of October. I did not find this fruit excellent; it is however, better than the Doyenné, (St. Michael).”

Lacroix. 1. Gard. Chron. 3d Ser. 1:442. 1887.

Published in Revue Horticole in 1887. Fruit medium, regular pyriform, yellow blushed and spotted with red on the exposed side; flesh white, flavor said to be like that of Easter Beurré; Dec. and Jan.

Lady Clapp. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 178. 1896. 2. Ellwanger & Barry Cat. 17. 1900.

Fruit large, yellow; flesh juicy, melting, vinous; first; Sept., following Bartlett.

Lafayette. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 796. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:13, fig. 199. 1879.

Originated in Connecticut. Fruit small, globular-pyriform, pale yellow, stained with russet, passing at maturity to lemon-yellow and the russet becoming golden, numerous dots of gray-brown; flesh yellowish, rather fine, melting, slightly gritty at the core, buttery, very juicy, sweet but lacking flavor; medium; Oct.

Lahérard. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:324, fig. 1869.

Origin uncertain, but attributed to Van Mons. Fruit above medium, ovate, mammillate at summit, sometimes rather elongated but generally more swelled at the middle, thin-skinned, yellow-ochre or greenish-yellow, vermilioned on the face exposed to the sun, dotted with fine specks and stains of gray especially around the calyx; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, rather granular around the core; juice abundant, very sugary, acid, and having an exquisite savor; first; Oct.

Lammas. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 418. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 601. 1884.

Originated possibly in the Highlands of Scotland, being recommended for that district by Lindley. Grown also in England. Fruit below medium, pyramidal, regular pale yellow, streaked with red next the sun; flesh melting, tender, juicy, agreeable; good; Aug.

Lämmerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:54. 1856.

German. Franken, Bavaria, 1809. Fruit below medium, ovate-conic, whitish-green; flesh hard, juicy, somewhat aromatic, and sweet and acid; third for table, first for cooking and market; July.

Lancaster. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 119. 1875.

A seedling grown by T. S. Lancaster, Gloucester, Mass., and exhibited in 1875. Fruit medium, oblong-pyriform, yellow, with brown-russet; flesh coarse, juicy, buttery; hardly good; late autumn.

Landsberger Malvasier. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:126. 1856.

Raised by Burchardt at Landsberg, Ger., 1851. Fruit medium, often large, conic, even sides, dark yellow, speckled with russet dots; flesh rather white, buttery, melting; very valuable, first for dessert and market; Nov. and Dec.

Langbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:2. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 245. 1889.

D’Ane. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:129, fig. 1867.

Switzerland and Germany, 1804; particularly popular in the former country where it is very generally cultivated, and often known as the Étrangle. Fruit medium or above, very long, like Calebasse in form, greenish-yellow turning to lemon-yellow, somewhat blushed, and speckled with dots of greenish-gray; first for culinary use; end of Aug.

Lange gelbe Bischofsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:140. 1856.

Holland, 1804. Fruit medium, oblong; sides unequal; skin smooth, yellowish-green turning to light yellow, sometimes slightly blushed, dotted with yellow; flesh spongy, lacking juice, glutinous, sweet and scented with rose; third for table, first for kitchen and market; end of Aug.

Lange Gelbe Muscatellerbirne. 1. Guide Prat. 98. 1876. 2. Ibid. 68. 1895.

German. Tree vigorous, fertile, resisted the phenomenal frost in Europe 1879-1880. Fruit small, yellow, dotted with carmine; of moderate quality; second half of Aug.

Lange Grüne Winterbirne. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 245. 1889.

Longue Verte d’Hiver. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:137, fig. 549. 1881.

A German variety cultivated especially in Saxony and Thuringia. Fruit medium or nearly so, conic-pyriform, often rather deformed, one side being longer than the other at either end; skin firm, water-green, sprinkled with numerous indistinct dots regularly spaced, the basic green changing to greenish or yellowish-white; flesh white, rather fine, semi-melting; juice plentiful, sweet, sugary, agreeable but wanting in perfume; good; autumn and early winter.

Lange Mundnetzbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:112, fig. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 246. 1889.

Thuringia, 1794. Fruit medium, ventriculous, grass-green turning to greenish-yellow, often faintly blushed, dotted with green; very good for dessert, good for household and market; Aug.

Lange Sommer-Bergamotte. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:39. 1856.

Thuringia, 1794. Fruit below medium, long-turbinate, yellow-green turning to whitish-yellow, rough, heavily dotted with brown, slightly russeted, thick-skinned; flesh yellowish-white, breaking, granular becoming glutinous; first for table; Aug.

Lange Wasserbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 46, fig. 1913.

This perry pear is found spread throughout Upper and Lower Austria. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, very regular in contour; skin fine, smooth, shining, yellow-green when ripe, very densely dotted with fine spots, some cinnamon-brown russet around the stem and calyx; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, juicy, sweet but insipid and without aroma; Sept.

Langstieler. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:171. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 246. 1889.

Switzerland, Baden and Württemberg, published 1830. Fruit small, pyriform, grass-green, russeted on the side next the sun, gray dots; flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, tartish; third for the table, first for cider and culinary use; Oct. Suitable for every situation.

Langstielige Pfaffenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:43. 1856.

Germany. Published by Diel in 1825. Fruit medium, pyriform, otherwise conic; skin rough and entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet, often faintly blushed; second for table; third for household; Sept.

Langstielige Zuckerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:141. 1856.

German. Published by Diel, 1833. Fruit medium, long-pyriform or even gourd-shaped, light green changing to light yellow, without russet or red blush, semi-melting, fine, juicy, sweet, with cinnamon flavor; second for dessert, first for culinary use; Nov.

Lansac. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:241, Pl. LVII. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:326, 327, fig. 1869. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 602. 1884.

Herbstbirne ohne Schale. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:86. 1856.

Originated at Hazé near Tours, Fr. Merlet described it in 1667. In the catalog of the Chartreuse Fathers, Paris, there occurs in 1736 the following passage. “The Pear de Lansac, or Dauphin, which many authors name Satin ... was presented for the first time to Louis XIV ... by Madame de Lansac....” As King Louis ascended the throne in 1638 the pear would seem to have been originated between that year and 1857, the year in which Madame de Lansac died. Fruit medium, sometimes less, globular-turbinate, dull yellow, sprinkled with numerous minute, russet dots; flesh fine, yellowish-white, melting, juicy, sweet, rich, aromatic, with an after-flavor of anis; second, but first when the flesh is well perfumed; Oct. to Dec.

Large Duchess. 1. Ala. Sta. Bul. 30:12. 1891.

A variety of Oriental type planted at the Agricultural Experiment Station at Auburn, Ala., in 1885. It was reported in 1891 as free from blight, and still on trial.

Larissa. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:517. 1853.

Submitted to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1853 as a seedling by a Mr. Ladd of Philadelphia. Fruit small, obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, a good deal russeted, with a mottled red cheek; flesh rather dry, saccharine and pleasant; scarcely good.

Laure Gilbert. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Distributed by M. Gilbert, Antwerp, Bel., in 1886. The fruit bears much resemblance to that of the Chaumontel, but its flesh is much more melting and its flavor more sprightly; Oct.

Laure de Glymes. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:328, fig. 1869.

The parent tree was raised from a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1827 at Louvain. Fruit ovate, or more or less globular and swelled, nearly always mammillate at summit; skin thick, bronzed, having on the side next the sun some orange-yellow; flesh white, semi-melting, watery, gritty about the core; juice sufficient, sweet, vinous, perfumed; second; Sept.

Laxton Bergamot. 1. Gard. Chron. 26:497. 1886. 2. Jour. Hort. 13:339. 1887.

A new seedling pear shown by a Mr. Laxton, Bedford, Eng., at the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting at South Kensington in October, 1886. Tree fertile and the fruits are not easily blown off by the wind. Fruit small, exceedingly juicy and rich; a delicious pear.

Le Breton. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 798. 1869.

Origin unknown. Fruit medium, obovate, obtuse-pyriform, irregular, yellow, netted and patched with russet, with numerous russet dots; flesh yellowish, rather coarse at core, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; good; Nov. to Jan.

Le Brun. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:503, fig. 1867. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 183. 1920.

M. Gueniot, nurseryman at Troyes, Fr., sowed seeds the plants from which fruited in 1862. One of these he named Le Brun. Fruit above medium to large, oblong-conic, slightly obtuse and generally bossed and rather contorted about the summit, bright yellow, sprinkled with bright brown spots, and largely stained with fawn about calyx and stem and often also on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, and dense, melting, seldom gritty and rarely has seeds; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, savory but often with an excessive taste of musk, spoiling its delicacy; first; end of Sept.

Le Congo. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Distributed by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., and in the trial orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree vigorous and fairly prolific. Fruit medium; flesh semi-fine, very saccharine and highly scented; Nov. and Dec.

Le Lecher. 1. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 4:334. 1888.

This seedling, raised by A. Lesuer, Ypres, Bel., resulted from Bartlett fertilized with Fortunée. Fruit large, pyriform, yellow, spotted with drab spots; flesh white, juicy, sugary, brisk and perfumed, free from grit; Jan. to Mar.

Leclerc-Thouin. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:330, fig. 1869.

Raised by M. André Leroy at Angers, Fr., and fruited first in 1867. Fruit above medium, conic, very obtuse and generally more curved on one side than on the other; skin uneven, clear yellow, clouded with green and partially covered with russet on which appear small specks of gray; flesh whitish, semi-fine, watery, very melting, granular around the core; juice sugary, vinous and slightly acid, perfumed flavor; first; Sept.

Lederbirne. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 89. 1845. 2. Löschnig Mostbirnen 202, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, truncated-pyriform, somewhat bossed and irregular in outline, leaf-green turning greenish-yellow, gray russet dots, blushed on the sunny side; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, subacid; Oct. to Dec.

Lee. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 375. 1854.

Originated at Salem, Mass. Fruit small to medium, globular-oval, greenish-russet, brown in the sun; flesh white, coarse, juicy, good; Sept.

Lee Seckel. 1. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 565. 1885.

Fruit medium to large, obovate, rich russet; flesh buttery, rich, perfumed; very good; Sept.

Léger. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Obtained from a seed bed of Winter Nelis by M. Sannier. Tree of moderate vigor, fertile and suitable for all forms of culture. Fruit medium, globular-ovate; flesh fine, acidulous; Oct.

Lehoferbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 126, fig. 1913.

A perry pear widely distributed in Upper and Lower Austria under various names. Fruit medium to large, globular-pyriform, leaf-green turning yellow at maturity, dotted and marked with russet, well-exposed fruit blushed; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, astringent, saccharine, acidulous; mid-Oct. and keeps in storage till end of Nov.

Leipziger Rettigbirn. 1. Lauche Deut. Pom. II:No. 92, Pl. 92. 1883.

Radis de Leipsick. 2. Mas Le Verger 2:125, fig. 61. 1866-73.

Leipsic Radish. 3. Can. Exp. Farms. Rpt. 379. 1902.

Originated at Duben near Leipsic, Saxony. It was published by Diel in 1807. Fruit small, nearly spherical or spherical-ovate, a little more constricted at the stem end then toward the calyx, light green turning to yellow-green and slightly golden on the cheek next the sun, brown around the summit, and with numerous light brown dots; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, juicy, very pleasantly perfumed, having a slight Bergamot flavor; good for dessert, first for cuisine; Aug. to Oct.

Lemon (Massachusetts). 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 43. 1866.

A seedling of S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass.; first fruited in 1862. Fruit large, turbinate, yellow.

Lemon (Russia). 1. Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 82. 1886. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 170. 1894.

Imported from Russia in 1879. It was reported in 1894 to have fruited in Iowa, and collectively with some other varieties was described as “generally ‘off’ in color, coarse, some of them leathery and corky, and all without melting qualities or flavor.”

Lenawee. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 106. 1856. 2. Field Pear Cult. 273. 1858.

Origin unknown. Distributed in Lenawee County, Mich., in 1856; it was named by the Adrian Horticultural Society. At that time it was supposed to have been introduced from western New York some twenty-five years previously. Fruit medium to large, oblate-pyriform, one side generally being larger than the other; surface frequently irregular, lemon-yellow, with small russet specks, washed with bright vermilion on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, tender, buttery, with a high and peculiar, aromatic flavor; very good; early to mid-Aug.

Leochine de Printemps. 1. Mag. Hort. 20:236. 1854. 2. Guide Prat. 98. 1876.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched with russet, sprinkled with russet dots; flesh melting, white, firm, not very juicy; a beautiful and good fruit; Feb. and Mar.

Léon Dejardin. 1. Guide Prat. 98. 1876.

Obtained at Boussoir, Maubeuge, Nord, Fr. Fruit medium, pyriform, ventriculous, resembles the Beurré Bollwiller, semi-melting, juicy, sugary, refreshing; good for its season; May and June.

Léon Grégoire. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 4:63, fig. 1856. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:618, fig. 1869.

This variety was gained by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., and was fruited first in 1852. Fruit large, sometimes medium, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, sometimes more or less globular, dull yellow, dotted and marbled with fawn on its shaded side and entirely stained with grayish-russet on the exposed face, becoming pale yellow and golden at maturity; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, semi-melting, sweet, watery, acidulous, vinous, agreeable; second, inconstant in quality, sometimes good; Dec. and Jan.

Léon Leclerc Épineux. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:333, fig. 1869.

In the bulletin of the Society Van Mons, 1857, this variety is stated to have been obtained by Van Mons, though some doubt has been raised as to its origin. Fruit large, ovate-pyriform, often rather contorted; skin rough, thick, grayish-yellow, finely dotted with russet and stained with the same around the calyx and stalk and sometimes clouded and streaked with red on the face exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, breaking, granular at the center; juice sufficient, vinous and sugary; third for dessert, first for cooking; Nov.

Léon Leclerc de Laval. 1. Pom. France 3:No. 99, Pl. 99. 1865. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 603. 1884.

This, which is different from Léon Leclerc (Van Mons), was obtained at Louvain in 1825 by Van Mons. Fruit large, turbinate-obtuse-pyriform, yellow-ochre, finely dotted with gray-russet and marked with some tracing of russet, occasionally washed with a little red; flesh very white, semi-melting or semi-breaking, watery, gritty, juicy, sweet, slightly perfumed; third for dessert, first for stewing; Jan. to May.

Léon Recq. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895, who received it from M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit large or nearly large, pyriform, lemon-yellow when ripe; flesh fine, slightly acid, sugary, perfumed; Nov. and Dec.

Léon Rey. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:336, fig. 1869.

In 1856, M. Rey, Toulouse, Fr., sowed seeds of the best French pears, and in the following year selected the most promising seedlings, one of which received the name Léon Rey. Fruit medium and sometimes rather larger, turbinate, very round in its lower part, and conic-obtuse at the top, golden-yellow, finely dotted and stained with fawn and nearly always washed with tender rose on the face exposed to the sun; flesh very white and fine, melting, free from grit; juice very abundant, sugary, acidulous, having a delicious flavor; first; Oct.

Léonce de Vaubernier. 1. Guide Prat. 72. 1876.

Tree vigorous on quince, very fertile. Fruit rather large, ovate, very pale green, touched with russet and washed with dark carmine; flesh yellowish, fine, dense, of a highly agreeable flavor; third; second half of Sept.

Léonie. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium, of Doyenné form, globular-obovate; flesh melting, sugary; good.

Léonie Bouvier. 1. Guide Prat. 56. 1895.

Obtained by M. Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Tree vigorous on quince, fertile. Fruit medium, pyriform, whitish-yellow blushed with orange-red; flesh fine, very melting and juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed; a very beautiful and excellent fruit; Sept.

Léonie Pinchart. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 800. 1869.

Described in 1869 as a new Belgian variety. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow, much covered, netted, and patched with yellow-russet and minute russet dots; flesh whitish, juicy, sweet, melting; very good; Sept. and Oct.

Léontine Van Exem. 1. Guide Prat. 108. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:181, fig. 187. 1878.

Obtained by Henri Grégoire, Beurechin, Bel. Fruit small, turbinate or conic-turbinate, very clear green changing to pale yellow at maturity, dotted with specks of darker green; some clear russet covers the calyx and the summit, and the side next the sun becomes golden; flesh white, fine, melting, full of juice rich in sugar and perfume of the almond; Oct.

Leopold I. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 518. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:338, fig. 1869.

A posthumous gain of Van Mons which gave its first fruit in 1848. Fruit above medium, ovate, regular, swelled in the lower part, obtuse, grass-green, often yellowish, dotted, streaked, and stained with russet; flesh white, with some yellow tinge, fine, very melting, juicy, sweet, vinous, aromatic and delicate; good to very good; Nov.

Leopold Riche. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 801. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 603. 1884.

One of M. de Jonghe’s seedlings. Fruit rather large, obovate, yellow, thickly sprinkled with large cinnamon-russet dots; flesh rather coarse-grained, crisp, buttery, melting; juice abundant, rich, thick and sugary, with a fine almond flavor; a very richly flavored pear; Nov.

Lepine. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 801. 1869.

Tree of moderate growth but very productive. Fruit small, oblate, yellowish, shaded with crimson, slightly russeted; flesh coarse, granular, melting, juicy, brisk, vinous, good; Nov. and Dec.

Lesbre. 1. Gard. Chron. 415. 1863. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:339, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed at Boulogne-sur-Mer, before 1838, by M. Bonnet. Fruit medium or above, turbinate, very obtuse and swelled, nearly always mammillate at the top; skin rough, olive-yellow, sprinkled with many large russet dots and small brownish stains; flesh white, fine and melting, juicy, rather granular at the core; juice abundant, sugary, vinegary, with a delicate scent of anis; first; end of Aug.

Levard. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:340, fig. 1869.

Grown on the seed beds of M. Leroy, Antwerp, Bel., and fruited in 1863. Fruit below medium, globular-turbinate, irregular, bossed and always less swollen on one side than on the other; color yellowish-green, dotted with brown and fawn, and entirely covered with bronze-russet on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh greenish-white, fine, melting and juicy, gritty around the core, sugary, acidulous, musky and very rich in flavor; first; Nov.

Levester Zuckerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:172. 1856.

Hanover, 1852. Fruit small, obtuse-turbinate, sides unequal, light green changing to greenish-yellow, often streaked with red and finely dotted with greenish-russet; flesh fine, deficient in juice, granular near the center, highly aromatic; first for household and market purposes; Sept. and Oct.

Lewes. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629.

Described by John Parkinson in 1629, in England, as “brownish greene pears, ripe about the end of September, a reasonable well rellished fruit, and very moist.”

Lewis. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 1:140. 1831. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 801. 1869.

Originated on the farm of John Lewis, Roxbury, Mass., about 1811. Fruit below medium, globular, obovate, obtuse, dark green in autumn, pale green at maturity, with numerous russet specks; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, melting, juicy and rich in flavor, with a slight spicy perfume; Nov. to Feb.

Lexington. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 187. 1896. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:253. 1903.

Originated in Kentucky and is said to resemble Bartlett, but to ripen two weeks earlier. Hardy and free from blight, but described as “too poor” in quality.

Liberale. 1. Mag. Hort. 21:519. 1855. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 801. 1869.

Belgian. Introduced to this country as a new variety about 1850. Fruit large, obtuse-pyramidal or truncate-pyriform; skin fair, smooth, yellowish-green, very thickly dotted with large, conspicuous, russety specks, and patched with russet; flesh yellowish-white, a little coarse, melting, juicy, sweet, rich, with a peculiar almond, aromatic perfume; a very handsome and fine fruit; Oct.

Liegel Honigbirne. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 248. 1889.

Poire de Miel de Liegel. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:47, fig. 24. 1872.

Origin uncertain, probably German. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform; skin fine and smooth, at first pale green turning to pale yellow, more golden on the side next the sun and very rarely touched with rose; flesh yellow, fine, melting, full of sugary juice, vinous, and with a distinct savor of musk; first; Oct.

Lieutenant Poidevin. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:344, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 604. 1884.

Flon-Grolleau, a Frenchman, obtained this variety in 1853. Fruit large, obovate and undulating; skin fine, yellow-ochre dotted with gray; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, breaking, gritty around the center, sugary, vinous; second for dessert, first for cooking; Mar. and Apr.

Limon. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:57. 1842. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 802. 1869.

A Van Mons seedling. Fruit rather small, obovate, yellow, with a faint red cheek; flesh white, buttery, melting and juicy, with a sprightly flavor; very good; mid-Aug.

Linzer Mostbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 188, fig. 1913.

A perry pear taking its name from the town of Linz near Hauptstadt in Upper Austria. Fruit medium, globular to pyriform, yellow, strongly carmined on the sun-exposed side and dotted with red; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, with a saccharine, astringent flavor; Oct.

Livingston Virgalieu. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 803. 1869.

An old variety, grown to some extent along the Hudson River. Fruit globular-obovate, greenish-yellow, patched and dotted with russet; flesh whitish, juicy, nearly melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Sept.

Locke. 1. Mag. Hort. 3:52. 1837. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 442. 1845.

Raised from seed in the garden of James Locke, West Cambridge, Mass., in 1830. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, full at the crown, ending obtusely at the stem; skin fair, slightly rough, yellowish-green changing to lemon-yellow when ripe, spots of darker hue mingled with russet, tinged with red on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, melting and juicy, rich, sweet and perfumed; good; Dec.

Lodge. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 178, 179. 1832. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 803. 1869.

A native of Pennsylvania and understood to have originated near Philadelphia. Fruit medium, pyriform, tapering to the stem and larger on one side than on the other, greenish-brown, the green becoming a little paler at maturity and much covered with patches of dull russet; flesh whitish, a little gritty at the core, juicy, melting, with a rather rich flavor, relieved by a pleasant acid; Sept. and Oct.

Loire-de-Mons. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:109, fig. 151. 1878.

A gain of M. Loire, at Mons, Bel. Fruit medium, turbinate, or globular-turbinate, usually regular in contour; skin rather fine and tender, clear and bright green, sprinkled with gray-green dots; at maturity the green becomes clear lemon and golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, very melting, full of juice, acidulous, delicately perfumed; first; end of Sept.

London Sugar. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 343. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 605. 1884.

English. Much cultivated in Norfolk for the Norwich market. Fruit below medium, turbinate, pale green approaching lemon-yellow at maturity, with a slight brownish tinge; flesh tender, melting; juice saccharine and of a rich, musky flavor; an excellent early fruit; end of July.

Long Green. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 803. 1869.

Belgische Zapfenbirne. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:139. 1856.

Longue-Verte. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:349, fig. 1869.

Grüne Lange Herbstbirne. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 228. 1889.

This French pear is distinct from the Verte Longue which is synonymous with Verte Longue d’Automne, though these two pears have been confused and have various names in common. It has been cultivated in France for the last 100 years. Longue Verte has ten French synonyms. Fruit above medium, very long, fig-like in form, narrowed from middle to stalk, acute, grass-green passing to brownish-green on the face exposed to the sun, uniformly sprinkled with dots of gray-russet; flesh greenish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting, rather granular around the seeds; juice abundant, saccharine, sweet, with a characteristic perfume, often very slight; second; Sept.

Long Green of Autumn. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 804. 1869.

Verte-Longue d’Automne. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:729, fig. 1869.

Lange grüne Herbstbirne. 3. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 112. 1825.

The Long Green of Autumn, better known abroad as the Verte-Longue d’Automne or Verte-Longue, must be distinguished from the Long Green or Longue-Verte. It is of very ancient origin and mentioned in the catalog, published by Le Lectier, King’s Attorney, in 1628, of the immense nursery he created in 1598. The German author Henri Manger, 1783, considered the Verte-Longue identical with the Viridium of Pliny. Fruit medium to large, turbinate, slightly obtuse, often larger on one side than on the other, green clouded with pale yellow, speckled with large gray spots and very rarely blushed on the exposed side; flesh white, fine, melting, very full of a saccharine, well-flavored, musky juice; first when its juice is well perfumed, but rather variable; Oct.

Long Green of Esperin. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 804. 1869.

Belgian. Fruit medium, oblong-ovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, blushed with crimson on the cheek next the sun, patched and netted with russet, with numerous brown dots; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, semi-melting, vinous; good; Sept.

Longland. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 415. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 605. 1884.

A very old English perry pear chiefly grown in Herefordshire. Fruit small, turbinate, even, rather handsomely shaped, bright gold, tinged and mottled all over with a lively russety orange, the side next the sun having a pale red cheek; flesh yellow, very astringent.

Longue du Bosquet. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:348, fig. 1869.

A seedling raised by Leroy. It was reported in 1863. Fruit medium, conic, elongated, regular, obtuse and round at the top, greenish-yellow, dotted with gray, washed with brown at the extremities; flesh greenish, semi-fine, melting, rather gritty at the center; juice abundant, very saccharine, acidulous and deliciously perfumed; first; Sept.

Longue-garde. 1. Guide Prat. 98. 1876.

On trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, highly perfumed; in season until May.

Longue-Sucrée. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:49, fig. 217. 1879.

Either German or Austrian. Cataloged by Jahn in 1864. Fruit nearly medium, conic-pyriform, dark green, dotted with gray-brown, changing to pale yellow, clouded with red on the side of the sun, speckled with whitish-gray; flesh whitish, fine, breaking, deficient in juice and sugar, acidulous, with an unpleasant perfume; third; end of Aug.

Longueville. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 605. 1884.

Much grown in the South of Scotland. It has been conjectured that the tree was brought to Scotland from France by Douglas when Lord of Longueville in the fifteenth century. Fruit large, obovate, regular in outline and handsome, greenish-yellow, with a tinge of pale red next the sun, covered with numerous gray-russet specks, so numerous sometimes as to appear like network; flesh yellowish, breaking, tender, very juicy, sweet and richly flavored; good.

Longworth. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 172. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 41. 1909.

Originated at Dubuque, Iowa. Its great hardiness and freedom from blight make it valuable in breeding for the North though its fruit is not of such quality as to recommend it where choice varieties can be grown. Fruit medium to large, obtuse-ovate, green turning to yellow; good; mid-season.

Lorenzbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:47. 1856.

Saxony, 1803. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, light green, blushed with dark brown on the sunny side changing to light yellow, washed with vivid red, green dots and some cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish-white, melting, rather gritty around the center; first for kitchen and market, second for dessert; Sept.

Loriol de Barny. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:351, fig. 1869.

A gain of Leroy from his seed beds at Angers, Fr.; it fruited for the first time in 1862. Fruit medium or above, very long ovate-pyriform, often bossed in its contour; skin thin, yellow-ochre, speckled with minute gray dots and showing some stains of russet; flesh white, fine, melting, almost free from grit; juice very abundant and sugary having a delicate aroma; first; end of Aug. and beginning of Sept.

Lothrop. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 46. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass.; it first fruited in 1866. Fruit diameter 2½ in., yellow with russet; flesh white, with good flavor; mid-Sept.

Loubiat. 1. Guide Prat. 98, 285. 1876.

This variety bears the name of the owner of the parent tree living in the Dordogne. Fruit large, of handsome appearance; flesh yellow; third, yet of good quality for its season; spring until July.

Louis Cappe. 1. Guide Prat. 98. 1876.

A seedling of Easter Beurré and of similar quality. On trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Tree very fertile and vigorous. Fruit medium to large, Bergamot in form; Nov. and Dec.

Louis Grégoire. 1. Mas Le Verger 2:147, fig. 72. 1866-73. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 606. 1884.

M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., obtained this pear from a seed bed made in 1832. Fruit below medium, obtuse-turbinate, irregular in form, much larger on one side than on the other, rather rough to the touch, greenish-yellow, dotted and mottled with russet and generally stained with fawn on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting, juicy, sugary, highly acid, often rather astringent, slightly musky, and sometimes rather delicate; second and sometimes third when the astringency of its juice is too pronounced; Oct.

Louis Noisette. 1. Guide Prat. 98. 1876.

Published by Boisbunel in 1867. Tree very vigorous and fertile. Fruit rather large, globular-turbinate; flesh fine, very melting and very juicy, sugary and sprightly; first; Nov. and Dec.

Louis Pasteur. 1. Rev. Hort. 223. 1909.

Obtained by Arsène Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit smooth and fine, clear yellow, strongly washed with fawn on one face and covered with patches of the same color on the other side; flesh yellowish-white, the yellow being more noticeable near the skin, very fine, melting, and sugary, sprightly and perfumed; very good; Dec.

Louis-Philippe. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 169. 1841. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:354, fig. 1869.

Origin uncertain, though it was described by Prévost, Rouen, Fr., in 1848. Fruit large, turbinate, very obtuse and very irregular in form, swelled, especially on one side on its lower half; skin rough and bronzed all over on a basis of gray-green, sprinkled with numerous large, prominent, brownish dots; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-breaking; juice not abundant, more or less acid, wanting in sugar, slightly perfumed; second; early Oct.

Louis Van Houte. 1. Guide Prat. 108. 1876.

Classed by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, with varieties of doubtful or little merit.

Louis Vilmorin. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:355, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 1st App., 128. 1872.

Originated from seed of Beurré Clairgeau about 1863 by André Leroy, Angers, Fr. Tree vigorous, rather spreading, very productive. Fruit medium to large, pyriform, variable, yellow, netted and dotted with russet, sometimes shaded with red; stem short, curved; calyx large, open; basin medium, uneven, russeted; flesh white, half fine, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly perfumed; good to very good; Dec.

Louise-Bonne. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:357, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 606. 1884.

Merlet the French pomologist was the first to write of this pear in 1675. Fruit above medium, variable in form, ovate-obtuse and swelled in lower half, or long-pyriform, narrowed toward the stalk; skin thick, smooth, bright green changing as it ripens to yellowish-green, strewed with small dots and some markings of russet; flesh greenish-white, coarse, semi-melting, gritty at center, juicy, only slightly saccharine, generally sweetish and deficient in perfume; variable for dessert, but first for compotes; Dec.

Louise Bonne d’Avanches Panachée. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 607. 1884.

A variegated form of Louise Bonne de Jersey, the wood and fruit being marked with golden stripes. It originated as a bud sport.

Louise-Bonne de Printemps. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:359, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 804. 1869.

Obtained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., and first published in 1857. Fruit above medium, long obtuse-pyriform, regular in contour, mammillate at summit and slightly bossed at base, yellow-ochre, dotted with greenish-gray; flesh semi-fine and semi-melting, white, gritty around the center, very juicy, rarely sugary, slightly sweet and slightly aromatic; grafted on pear and trained on espalier in a good situation it is a pear of high merit; Feb. to Apr.

Louise Bonne Sannier. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 1876. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 291, fig. 1906.

M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr., obtained this pear; it was first reported in 1868. Fruit rather small or medium, oval, obliquely obtuse near the stem, dark yellow, touched with bright red; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, remarkably saccharine, sprightly and perfumed; good to very good; Oct. to Dec.

Louise de Boulogne. 1. Barry Fr. Garden 317. 1851. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:361. 1869.

Described by Barry in 1851 among “new and rare pears, recently introduced, that give promise of excellence.” Leroy wrote of it as a seedling of Van Mons. Fruit large, breaking, keeps through the winter.

Louise Dupont. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 2:59, fig. 1854. 2. Mag. Hort. 23:301. 1857.

Louise Dupont was the product of one of the last seedlings raised by Van Mons and was harvested for the first time in 1853. Fruit rather large, sometimes of Doyenné form but usually longer and more turbinate; skin thin, dull green passing to golden yellow at maturity, colored with russet-fawn on the sunny side, dotted and marked with fawn all over; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, full of juice, saccharine and well perfumed; first; Oct. and Nov.

Louise d’Orléans. 1. Horticulturist 1:140. 1846. 2. Ann. Pom. Belge 2:35, fig. 1853.

From seed sown by Van Mons in 1827 at Louvain and first bore fruit in 1843. Fruit medium, oblong-obtuse; skin is of a fine bronzed-green, covered with gray speckles; flesh very white, fine grained and very melting; juice exceedingly rich, sugary and delicious; early Nov.

Louise de Prusse. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:362, fig. 1869.

Obtained by Van Mons and published by him in September, 1832, but it had already been reported in 1826. Fruit large, turbinate-obtuse, more or less long, considerably swelled toward its lower end; skin thick and rough, yellow-ochre clouded with green, speckled with fine gray dots and stained with light brown around the calyx and stem; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-breaking, granular at center; juice abundant, very saccharine, acidulous, pleasantly perfumed; second; Sept.

Louison. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 1:86. 1831.

French. Fruit large, oblong and almost conical, terminated obtusely; skin delicate and smooth, sometimes washed on the sunny side, and in other cases pretty deeply tinged with red, speckled with brownish-red dots, the other side being of a beautiful yellow, scattered with specks of russet; flesh very white, melting, full of very pleasant juice, slightly perfumed but not of high flavor; early Oct.

Lovaux. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 48. 1871.

Reported by the Committee on Foreign Fruits of the Ohio State Horticultural Society as a new variety which they recommended. Fruit large to medium, juicy, sweet, melting; good; Sept.

Lübecker Prinzessin Birne. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 249. 1889.

Princesse de Lubeck. 2. Guide Prat. 103. 1876.

German; extensively cultivated about Lubeck, Ger. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, beautiful yellow, extensively covered with brilliant crimson; flesh breaking, juicy; good; beginning of Aug.

Lubin. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:187, fig. 579. 1881.

A seedling found by M. Pariset of Curciat-Dongalon, Ain, Fr.; first reported in 1869. Fruit medium, conic-pyriform, regular in its contour, obtuse, having its largest circumference well below its middle; skin fine, delicate, at first a clear and bright green, sprinkled with very numerous round, small, brown dots only very slightly visible on the side of the sun; at maturity the basic green passes to lemon-yellow, with a golden hue on the exposed side; flesh whitish, very fine, melting, juicy, saccharine, slightly vinous, acidulous; good; winter.

Lucie Audusson. 1. Pom. France 4:No. 172, Pl. 172. 1865.

Obtained by Alexis Audusson, Angers, Fr.; first published in 1861. Fruit large, long, nearly cylindrical, obtuse and slightly narrowed toward the stem, grass-green, finely dotted and speckled with fawn-colored russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting; juice abundant, sugary, vinous, delicately perfumed; first; mid-Nov. to end of Dec.

Lucien Chauré. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Obtained by Arsène Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree healthy, vigorous and adaptable for all forms of growth. Fruit medium, grayish-yellow; flesh melting, juicy, fine and sugary; Oct. and Nov.

Lucien Leclercq. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:366, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 806. 1869.

From a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1829, but it did not bear fruit till after his death in 1844. Fruit below medium and sometimes rather larger, globular-ovate, regular, rarely bossed, pale yellow on the shaded side and darker yellow where exposed, dotted all over with fine gray and green spots; flesh white, coarse, semi-melting and juicy, sugary, acidulous, and aromatic, very gritty around the core; second; latter half of Aug.

Lucné Hative. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:525. 1860.

Tree vigorous and productive. Fruit medium, elongated, pale green; flesh semi-melting, sugary, moderately perfumed; good; Sept.

Lucy Grieve. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 607. 1884.

English; bore fruit first in 1873. Named in honor of the little girl who planted and tended the seed, but died before the tree fruited. Fruit large, oval, rather uneven in outline, bossed around the waist and about the calyx, lemon-yellow, with occasionally a brownish-red blush on the side next the sun, sprinkled with cinnamon-colored dots; flesh white, tender, melting, very juicy and richly flavored; first; Oct.

Luola. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1920.

Said to be a cross between Seckel and Dana Hovey originated by W. C. Eckard, Watervliet, Mich., about 1907. Fruit very small, globular, greenish-yellow, with faint blush, very rich; excellent; Oct.

Lutovka. 1. Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 62, 63. 1899.

Russian. Introduced in 1882. Fruit large; good; mid-season.

Lutzbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:190. 1856.

German, published in 1801. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, dull greenish-yellow, slightly blushed, strongly dotted, marked with russet, and covered with rusty russet on the sun-exposed side; flesh granular, gritty near center, semi-melting, aromatic; first for culinary uses; Sept.

Luxemburger Mostbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 128, fig. 1913.

A perry pear widely distributed in France, Luxemburg, Germany and Austria. Fruit large, globular-oblate, like Bergamot in form, gray-green turning yellow-green when ripe sprinkled with large russet dots and specklings; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, unusually juicy, astringent and sweet flavor; end of Sept.

Lycurgus. 1. Horticulturist 12:365. 1857. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 806, fig. 1869.

Originated with George Hood, Cleveland, Ohio, from seed of Winter Nelis. The tree is productive, and of rather spreading growth. Fruit small, oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, much covered with thin brownish-russet, many large grayish dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, rather aromatic, having some perfume; first, one of the best in quality of late winter pears; Dec. to Feb.

Lydie Thiérard. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 806. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 99. 1876.

Originated from a seed of Crassane by Jules Thiérard, Bethel, Fr. Fruit rather large, Bergamot-shaped, clear green, dotted; flesh fine, very melting, sugary, perfumed; first; Jan. to Mar.

Lyerle. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 44. 1897.

Raised by a Mr. Lyerle, Union County, Ill., in 1881 from seed of Bartlett. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellowish-green, with numerous patches of russet; flesh sugary; good; early July, four weeks ahead of Bartlett.

Lyon. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 807. 1869.

Originated at Newport, R. I. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate or Doyenné-shaped, yellow, thick and smooth skin, finely dotted, blushed; flesh coarse, a little gritty at core, vinous; very good; Oct.

Mace. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 50. 1860.

Francis Dana showed this among other seedlings of his to the Fruit Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1860. Fruit medium, oval, russet; flesh has something of the honeyed sweetness as well as some external resemblance to Dana Hovey.

Machländer Mostbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 48, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit large, pyriform, green turning to yellowish-green, russeted; flesh granular, green under the skin, subacid; Sept. and Oct.

Mackleroy. 1. South. Nurs. Cat. 4. 1921.

This variety, introduced by the Southern Nursery Company, Winchester, Tenn., in 1921, is said to have been brought to Tennessee by Davis Mackleroy from South Carolina over 100 years ago.

McLaughlin. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:62. 1842. 2. Ibid. 13:251. 1847. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 807, fig. 1869.

In October, 1831, General Wingate of Portland, Me., stated “That a person in Oxford County, many years since raised a number of pear trees from seeds, all of which produced inferior fruit, with the exception of one tree; and from that tree, the scions were taken and engrafted by a Mr. McLaughin, of Scarborough.” Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform; skin slightly rough, bright cinnamon-russet, tinged with brownish-red on the sunny side, with some traces of a bright yellow ground on the shaded side; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, melting, juicy, rich, sugary; Nov. to Jan.

Macomber. 1. Rural N. Y. 44:263, figs. 145, 146. 1885.

Raised by J. T. Macomber, Grand Isle, Vt. Fruit medium, pyriform, green changing to yellow, blushed; flesh buttery, melting, juicy, sweet; very good; Oct. and Nov.

McVean. 1. Horticulturist 9:340. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 807. 1869.

Originated in Monroe County, N. Y., about 1850 or earlier. Fruit large, obovate-acute-pyriform, yellow, with nettings and patches of russet, and numerous green and brown dots; flesh coarse, not juicy, or melting, sweet; good; Sept.

Madame Alfred Conin. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:371, fig. 1869.

Raised by André Leroy, Angers, Fr., in 1867. Fruit medium, turbinate, obtuse, much swelled around central circumference, fairly regular, clear yellow often covered all over with a layer of bronze on which are scattered, uniformly, numerous grayish-brown dots, scarcely visible; flesh whitish, fine, melting, watery, rarely gritty around the center; juice abundant, sugary, with an extremely delicious perfume; first; late Sept.

Madame André Leroy. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:372, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 608. 1884.

Obtained from his seed beds by M. André Leroy at Angers, Fr.: first published in 1862. Fruit medium to large, long-conic, slightly obtuse, irregular, more or less misshapen, yellowish-green, entirely dotted, especially at its extremities, with small points and slight patches of gray; flesh greenish-white, fine or semi-fine, very melting, slightly granular at center, juicy, sugary, vinous, with a very delicate flavor; first; end of Sept.

Madame Antoine Lormier. 1. Guide Prat. 57. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit medium or large, regular pyriform, yellow, dotted; flesh fine, melting, very sugary; first; Sept. and Oct.

Madame Appert. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:373, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 608. 1884.

Raised by M. André Leroy at Angers, Fr., in 1861. Fruit medium, long pyriform, slightly obtuse, largest circumference around its middle, much reduced at the extremities, especially at the summit, yellow, with gray-russet, and numerous fawn-colored dots on the side of the sun and around the stem; flesh whitish, fine, very melting, rarely gritty, juicy, sugary, with a delicate flavor of almond, acidulous; first; early Oct.

Madame Arsène Sannier. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium to large; flesh sugary, slightly perfumed and of a pleasant flavor; Oct.

Madame Ballet. 1. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 292, fig. 1906.

Obtained by M. Ballet, nurseryman at Parenty, Fr., and was placed on the market in 1894. Fruit large, ovate, yellow, dotted with gray, and brightened with a rose blush on the side next the sun; very good; Jan. to Mar.

Madame Baptiste Desportes. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:374, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 608. 1884.

A seedling from the nurseries of André Leroy at Angers, Fr., which ripened for the first time in 1863. Fruit above medium, globular-ovate, rather regular, often a little bossed about the base; skin rather fine, yellow-ochre, mottled, stained, and dotted with gray-russet; flesh fine or semi-fine, melting, excessively juicy, saccharine, vinous, with a very agreeable flavor; first; early Oct.

Madame Blanchet. 1. Guide Prat. 76. 1895.

Fruit medium, greenish-yellow covered with fawn; flesh fine, buttery, of a delicate flavor; good; Oct. and Nov.

Madame Bonnefond. 1. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 2, 135, fig. 164. 1866-73.

Obtained in 1848 by M. Bonnefond, Rhône, Fr., and placed on the market for the first time in 1867. Fruit large, like Calebasse in form, often irregular in contour; skin fine, delicate, clear yellow-green, sprinkled with very small points of darker green; flesh white, slightly greenish under the skin, fine, very melting and juicy, delicately perfumed; very good; end of autumn.

Madame Charles Gilbert. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit medium sized, having much in common with Winter Nelis; Jan. to Apr.

Madame Chaudy. 1. Gard. Chron. N. S. 18:211. 1882. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 296, fig. 1906.

Obtained by M. Chaudy at Chaponost, Rhône, Fr., from a seed bed made in 1861. Fruit large, sometimes of the form of the Bartlett, generally turbinate, swelled and bossed in its circumference; skin slightly rough, pale yellow, dotted with gray, reddened on the side next the sun, marbled and washed with clear fawn around the two ends; flesh rather white, granular at center, rather fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, and agreeably acid and perfumed; very good; Nov.

Madame Cuissard. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:375, fig. 1869.

Cuissard and Barret, nurserymen at Ecully-les-Lyon, Fr., obtained this variety in 1865 and placed it on the market in 1867. Fruit above medium, oblong and obtuse, swelled at its lower part and generally more enlarged on one side than on the other; skin fine, golden-yellow, sprinkled with large gray dots and some russet markings, and more or less stained with clear brown around the stem; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, gritty at the center; juice deficient; rather savory, but slightly acerb; second; mid-Aug.

Madame Delmotte. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 139. 1871. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:73, fig. 133. 1878.

Obtained by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, dull green dotted with greenish-gray; flesh white, or slightly tinted with yellow, very fine, buttery, melting, full of sweet juice, delicately perfumed.

Madame Ducar. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:376, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 808. 1869.

This was a posthumous gain of Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., dating from 1846. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, regular in form, slightly undulating around the summit; skin fine, rather dull yellow, finely dotted and streaked with fawn; flesh white, coarse, semi-melting, very gritty; juice sufficient, sugary, sweet, almost without perfume but having a certain delicacy of taste; second; end of Aug.

Madame Duparc. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:149, fig. 267. 1879.

Gained by M. Bessard-Duparc, near Savenay, Fr., and fruited first about 1845. Fruit medium, ovate-obtuse-pyriform, regular in contour; skin rather thick, lively green, speckled with indistinct darker green spots, the green becoming brighter at maturity, a rather dense russet sometimes covering the calyx and the summit; flesh white, coarse, semi-buttery, gritty around the core; juice rather deficient, sugary and only slightly scented; indifferent; Oct. and Nov.

Madame Durieux. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:377, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 609. 1884.

A variety which came from the seed beds of Van Mons but did not fruit till 1845. Fruit medium, globular, rather Bergamot-shaped, grayish or greenish-yellow, covered with patches of thin cinnamon-colored russet, yellowish, semi-fine, very melting, buttery, juicy, sugary, vinous, aromatic; first; Oct.

Madame Élisa. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 4:31, fig. 1856. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 808, fig. 1869.

Raised in the seed beds of Van Mons and first bore fruit in 1848. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, often rather irregular in its upper half, greenish-yellow passing to lemon-yellow at maturity, with numerous small blackish-gray dots; flesh white, a little yellow next the skin, fine, melting, free from grit, full of rich saccharine juice, vinous; first; Sept. to Nov.

Madame Élisa Dumas. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:19, fig. 298. 1880.

A seedling raised by M. Bonnefoy, near Lyons, Fr. He disseminated it in 1857. Fruit medium, conic-ovate, regular in contour; skin thick, at first whitish-green speckled with grayish-black dots, changing to pale yellow, and more golden on the side next the sun; sometimes stains of rough brown-russet are dispersed over its surface; flesh white, only slightly firm without being breaking, rather gritty around the center, full of sugary juice, vinous and refreshing; handsome and of good quality; Aug.

Madame Ernest Baltet. 1. Baltet Trait. Cult. Fr. 317, fig. 208. 1908.

French. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, reddish-brown-yellow, with light russet; flesh very fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, sprightly; very good; Sept. and Oct.

Madame Favre. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:379, fig. 1869.

Obtained by M. Favre, president of the section of Arboriculture of the Agricultural Society of Shalon-sur-Marne, Fr.; it first fruited in 1861. Fruit above medium and often larger, globular surface unequal and bossed; skin rough, greenish-yellow, dotted, streaked, marbled, stained with gray-russet and vermilioned on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting; juice abundant, very sugary, vinous, deliciously perfumed; first; end of Aug.

Madame Flon. 1. Guide Prat. 99. 1876.

Published by M. Flon in 1868. Fruit medium, globular, yellow and gray-russet; flesh very melting and juicy, saccharine, sprightly, perfumed; first; end of Dec.

Madame Grégoire. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 8:97, fig. 1860. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 809. 1869.

Obtained in 1860 by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., and was published the same year. Fruit medium to large, long-oval, obtuse; skin greasy, clear green becoming yellow at maturity, marked with gray-russet, especially around the stem, and some dots of whitish-gray; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed and acidulous; good or very good; Dec. and Jan.

Madame Henri Desportes. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:380, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 609. 1884.

Raised by Leroy, Angers, Fr.; first fruited in 1863. Fruit large, turbinate, uneven in outline, yellow, covered with russety dots and patches; flesh yellowish-white, very fine and very melting, seldom gritty, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, with a decided aroma and delicious flavor; excellent; first; Oct.

Madame Loriol de Barny. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:381, fig. 1869. 2. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 92. 1872.

Raised by Leroy in 1866 at his nurseries at Angers, Fr., from seed of Bartlett. Fruit large, ovate and nearly cylindrical, always rather irregular, clear yellow clouded with green, more or less streaked and mottled with russet, covered with large, grayish-brown or greenish dots and often stained with fawn around the calyx and stem; flesh yellowish-white, excessively melting and fine, juicy, rarely gritty, sugary, perfumed, with a tart flavor and a delicate and agreeable after-taste of musk; first; Nov.

Madame Lyé-Baltet. 1. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 301, fig. 1906. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 185. 1920.

Obtained by Ernest Baltet, nurseryman at Troyes, Fr.; placed on the market in 1877. Fruit medium or rather large, turbinate, obtuse, swelled, truncated at base; skin fine, green or yellow-green all over, dotted with russet and touched with fawn; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary and perfumed; very good; Dec. and Jan.

Madame de Madre. 1. Guide Prat. 95. 1895. 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 30:271. 1901.

Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., who raised it from Délices d’Hardenpont, in 1881. Fruit medium, pyriform, rather elongated, contracted at the lower end terminating in an oblique cone at the base, compressed on two sides at the narrow end, rounded at the upper end, citron-yellow lightly speckled with rust-red; flesh amber-white, very delicate, melting, very juicy, sweet, with a pleasant perfume, nutty and rather spicy; very good; Oct.

Madame Millet. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:382, fig. 1862. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 610. 1884.

Raised by Charles Millet of Ath, Bel., in 1840. Fruit large, short-obovate or turbinate, rather uneven in its outline; flesh tender, semi-melting, juicy, richly flavored; first; Mar. and Apr.

Madame Morel. 1. Guide Prat. 99. 1876.

Published by M. Morel in 1872. Fruit large; flesh very fine, compact, very melting, juicy, sugary, vinous, sprightly; first; Oct. and Nov.

Madame Planchon. 1. Guide Prat. 99. 1876.

Belgian. Fruit large or very large, in form similar to Bartlett, golden yellow dotted with russet; flesh granular, very juicy; cooking; end of Oct. and beginning of Nov.

Madame Du Puis. 1. Rev. Hort. 147. 1891. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 298, fig. 1906.

A gain of Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., in 1878. Fruit rather large or large, long, obtuse-pyriform, rounded at lower end, yellow but nearly covered with smooth fawn-russet; flesh very fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, sprightly and perfumed; very good; Dec. to Feb.

Madame de Roucourt. 1. Guide Prat. 58. 1895.

Distributed by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium to large, yellowish, dotted with dark brown; flesh fine, saccharine, perfumed; good; Oct.

Madame Stoff. 1. Gard. Chron. 2:220. 1887.

Obtained from seed by M. Stoff. Fruit large or medium, regular-pyramidal, olive-green speckled with red; flesh fine, melting, buttery, delicate and brisk in flavor; Feb.

Madame Torfs. 1. Guide Prat. 104. 1895.

Described as a new variety and distributed by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., in 1895. Fruit medium to large, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with patches of fawn-russet; flesh fine and juicy, white around center, clouded with green toward the skin, very sugary; Oct.

Madame Treyve. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:383, fig. 1869. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 185. 1920.

Souvenir de Madame Treyve. 3. Pom. France 2:No. 63, Pl. 63. 1864.

From seed sown in 1848 by M. Treyve, Trévaux, Fr. Fruit large, obtusely obovate, bossed and always very much swelled around its lower part, greenish-yellow, dotted, streaked, and often touched with fawn on the shaded side, but brilliantly encrimsoned on the side exposed to the sun and dotted on that side with gray; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, with a delicate and fine aroma; first, a delicious dessert pear; Sept.

Madame Vazille. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:384, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 610. 1884.

From the seed beds of M. Leroy, Angers, Fr.; first fruit in 1866. Fruit above medium, conic-obtuse, fairly regular in outline but always having one side larger than the other; skin thick, somewhat uneven, bronzed all over, sprinkled with dots widely apart and only slightly visible; flesh whitish, fine, melting or semi-melting, very juicy, saccharine, vinous, having a very pleasant flavor; first; Sept.

Madame Verté. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:385, fig. 1869.

Origin uncertain, but it was first sent out by M. de Jonghe, Brussels, Bel., and then extensively propagated in France. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, irregular, yellowish-green, much washed with brown-fawn and speckled with small ashen-gray dots; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, semi-melting, granular at center; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, with a somewhat savory perfume and after taste of anis; second, variable; from end of Nov. to Jan.

Madame Von Siebold. 1. Guide Prat. 115. 1876. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:485. 1913.

Japan. The following description was made on the grounds of Messrs. Simon-Louis Bros., Metz, Lorraine: “Madame Von Siebold.—Fruit very large, rounded, a little narrow toward the cavity, where it is angular; truncated at the base and indented at the circumference.... Skin rather smooth, of a pretty brown color, dotted with large gray specks which are very regular and very apparent. Flesh white, slightly yellowish, medium fine, crisp, juicy, sweet, perfumed like quinces, almost eatable raw. The most beautiful of the Japanese—Simon-Louis Frères.”

Madeleine d’Angers. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:386, fig. 1869.

From the environs of Segré or of Beaupreau, districts in the same department (Maine), where it has been generally grown for 150 years. Fruit medium and sometimes below, conic and very elongated, somewhat contorted at the upper end, grass-green passing to greenish-yellow on the part near the stalk and dotted with gray-russet; flesh white, semi-fine or coarse, rather melting, watery and gritty; juice abundant, sugary, more or less acid, and only slightly perfumed; third; end of July.

Mademoiselle Blanche Sannier. 1. Guide Prat. 96. 1895.

A French variety. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform; flesh fine, melting, perfumed, juicy; Oct.

Mademoiselle Marguerite Gaujard. 1. Guide Prat. 104. 1895.

Obtained by M. Gaujard at Ghent, Fr.; described as a new variety in 1895. Fruit oblong, rather gourd-shaped in form, covered with gray-russet and slightly blushed on the exposed side; flesh melting, of a sprightly taste, perfumed; Jan. to Mar.

Mademoiselle Solange. 1. Jour. Hort. N. S. 15:120. 1888.

Described by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society of England in 1887 as a new variety. Fruit small, nearly globular, green, juicy and of good flavor.

Magherman. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 1876.

Tree very vigorous, beautiful in aspect and extremely fertile. Fruit large or very large, long-pyriform, regular in outline, yellow streaked with carmine; flesh yellowish, excessively melting and very juicy, sugary and having an exquisite perfume; first; second half of Sept.

Magnate. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 610. 1884. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 186. 1920.

A seedling raised by Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, Eng., from Louise Bonne de Jersey prior to 1880. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, even and symmetrical in outline, yellow covered with rather dark brown-russet, thickly strewed with large russet freckles, blushed and streaked with crimson; flesh yellow, tender, melting, rather gritty at the core, richly flavored, and with a slight perfume of rose-water; very good; Oct. and Nov.

Magnolia. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 41. 1909. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:484. 1913.

An oriental hybrid which originated in southern Georgia. Fruit large, globular to pyriform, smooth, yellowish-russet, with numerous irregular dots; flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy, mild, subacid; fair; “three or four weeks later than Kieffer in the South.”

Malconnaître d’Haspin. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 810. 1869.

Tree vigorous, hardy and productive. Fruit large, globular-obovate, dull yellow, with brownish-red cheek, stippled with coarse dots, and russeted at the calyx; flesh juicy, tender, and melting, rich, subacid, perfumed; Oct. and Nov.

Malvoisie de Landsberg. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:171, fig. 182. 1878.

Obtained by Judge Burchardt, Landsberg, Brandenbourg, Ger. Fruit rather large, pyriform, more or less swelled, even in contour, but often irregular in form; skin somewhat firm, at first water-green, dotted with gray, the green changing to yellow and the side next the sun being at maturity slightly washed with rosy red; flesh white, rather fine, buttery, juicy, sweet, acidulous, having a sprightly and somewhat musky flavor; good; Oct.

Manchester. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 810. 1869.

Originated in Providence, R. I. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow, with traces and numerous dots of russet; flesh white, moderately juicy, semi-melting, sweet, agreeable; good; Oct.

Mandelblättrige Schneebirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:199. 1856.

A French wilding; published 1810. Tree dwarf. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, green, smooth; flesh firm, astringent; winter.

Manning. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 43. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass. Fruited in 1866. Fruit large, obovate, yellow with russet streaks and dots; flesh fine-grained, white, juicy, with a rich, pleasant flavor; first; Sept.

Mannsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:187. 1856.

Württemberg, Ger., 1830. Classed among the Pound pears or Libralia. Fruit large, globular-turbinate, dull green changing to yellowish-green, blushed, both ends covered with russet, rusty dots; third for table, first for kitchen; Nov. and Dec.

Mansfield. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 811. 1869.

A native variety of uncertain origin. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, yellowish-green, with considerable russet and many green and brown dots; flesh whitish, coarse, buttery, melting, sweet, a little astringent; good; Sept.

Mansuette. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:220, Pl. LVIII, fig. 1. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 611. 1884.

Solitaire. 3. Christ Handb. 534. 1817.

Origin unknown. Fruit large, long-obovate, irregular, obtuse, pale green, spotted with brown and much covered with the same color on the shaded side, and tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-melting, moderately fine, inclined to grow soft, juicy, pleasantly acid and well flavored; a dessert pear; Sept. and Oct.

Mansuette Double. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:388, fig. 1869.

This French cooking pear was first described in 1805. Fruit sometimes considerable, rather variable in form, often conic, obtuse, very swelled in the lower part and slightly bossed, sometimes very long ovate having one side near the base larger than the other, dark yellow, much covered with cinnamon-russet and large dots of ashy gray; flesh greenish-white, coarse, juicy, semi-breaking or breaking, very gritty at the core; juice abundant, deficient in sugar, wanting in perfume, often too acid; second; Oct. to Dec.

Marasquine. 1. Mas Le Verger 2:123, fig. 1866-73. 2. Guide Prat. 99. 1876.

Raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel. Fruit medium, regular-pyriform, tender green, sprinkled with grayish dots, golden at maturity; flesh very white, fine, buttery, melting, slightly gritty at the center; juice sufficient, having a characteristic perfume; end of Aug.

March Bergamot. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 811. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 611. 1884.

Raised by T. A. Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of London. Fruit small or medium, globular, green or yellowish-brown, partially covered with russet; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, slightly gritty at the core, but very rich; in Europe it is a dessert pear of high merit; in this country, however, it seems to be of small worth; Mar. and will keep later.

Maréchal de Cour. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:390, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 612. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons of which he sent grafts to Alexandre Bivort, five months before his death, in April, 1842. Fruit large, sometimes very large, oblong-pyriform or obtuse-turbinate, one side always smaller than the other, thickly encrusted with russet so that but little of the yellow ground is visible; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, gritty at center, extremely juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed; first; Sept. to Nov.

Maréchal Dillen. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:391, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 612. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons in 1818 and was published by him in 1820. Fruit very large, obtuse-obovate, yellowish-green, mottled with patches and dots of brown-russet; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, very saccharine, having a very agreeable flavor of vinegar and musk; first, an excellent dessert pear; Oct. and Nov.

Maréchal Pelissier. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 523. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:393. 1869.

This pear was raised by M. Flon, Senior, the well-known horticulturist, of Angevin, Fr., in 1845. Fruit medium, ovate, yellow, blushed with red on the side next the sun; flesh tender, juicy; Sept. and Oct.

Maréchal Vaillant. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:393, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 612. 1884.

A seedling of M. Boisbunel of Rouen, Fr., gained in 1864. Fruit very large, obovate, uneven in outline, yellowish-green, mottled and dotted with russet; flesh whitish, rather fine, semi-melting; juice sufficient, sugary, vinous, richly flavored and musky; an excellent pear; mid-Dec. to end of Jan.

Margarethenbirne. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 119. 1825. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:30. 1856.

German. Reported in 1789. Fruit small, turbinate, greenish-yellow and heavily dotted with green, seldom blushed; flesh semi-breaking, juicy and aromatic; third for dessert, first for kitchen and market; mid-July.

Marguerite d’Anjou. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:394, fig. 1869.

M. Flon, Angers, obtained this from a seedling in 1863. Fruit above medium, irregular-ovate, and bossed, more enlarged on one side than on the other and often slightly contorted, clear yellow, slightly tinted with pale rose on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, dense, melting, watery, free from grit; juice abundant, highly saccharine, acidulous, possesses a delicious flavor recalling the perfume of the violet; first; Oct.

Marguerite Chevalier. 1. Guide Prat. 99. 1876.

Fruit medium, nearly spherical, almost entirely covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sprightly; good; end of autumn.

Marguerite Marillat. 1. Guide Prat. 45. 1895. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 186. 1920.

Similar to Souvenir du Congrès but of brighter golden hue, obtained by M. Marillat, Craponne, near Lyons, Fr., 1874. Fruit large, pyriform-turbinate, pale yellow touched with fawn-russet, blushed with red on the side next the sun, sometimes a rich golden yellow at maturity; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, aromatic, slightly musky, very rich; second; early Sept.

Maria. 1. Guide Prat. 96. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit rather large, oblong-ovate; flesh yellowish, very agreeable; Feb. and Mar.

Maria de Nantes. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 2:39, fig. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 812. 1869.

Raised by M. Garnier near Nantes, Fr., and reported in 1853. Fruit nearly medium, globular-turbinate or oval-turbinate, greenish-yellow covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, buttery, melting; juice saccharine, highly perfumed, and acidulous; first; Oct. to Dec.

Maria Stuart. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:69. 1856.

Belgian, 1851. A Van Mons seedling. Fruit large, conic, bent, with unequal sides, lemon-yellow, covered densely with gray dots, lightly russeted; very good for all purposes; Oct.

Marianne de Nancy. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:396, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 812. 1869.

A seedling of Van Mons who sent cuttings of it a few days before his death to M. Millot, a pomologist at Nancy, Fr. Fruit medium, obtuse-turbinate, very regular and even in contour, grass-green, stained with brown-russet; flesh whitish, fine, melting or semi-melting; juice abundant, very sugary, acidulous; second, though sometimes first when its flesh is very melting and its juice full of flavor; mid-Aug.

Marie Benoist. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:397, fig. 1869. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 187. 1920.

Obtained from seed by Auguste Benoist, Brissac, Maine-et-Loire, Fr., in 1853. Fruit large, turbinate, very irregular, obtuse and mammillate at the summit, globular at the base and generally much more enlarged on one side than on the other, clear green, dotted and veined with russet, stained with fawn especially around the calyx and stem; flesh white, fine, melting, a little gritty; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, delicately perfumed; first; Dec. to Feb.

Marie Guisse. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:398, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 613. 1884.

Grown from seed of St. Germain in 1834, near Metz, Lorraine. Fruit medium, obovate-oblong-pyriform, surface uneven, yellow, with shades of red in the sun, and large, dull dark specks; flesh yellowish-white, granular, melting, sweet, vinous; Dec. to Feb.

Marie Henriette. 1. Guide Prat. 96. 1895.

Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit small or medium, globular; flesh granular, very juicy and sugary; first; Oct.

Marie Jallais. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1876.

Obtained by Jules Buneau, 1868. Fruit medium, form variable; flesh melting, juicy, very sugary and perfumed, of a sprightly flavor; first; Oct. to Dec.

Marie Louise Nova. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 400. 1845. 2. Ibid. 813. 1869.

Sent by Van Mons to Mr. Manning, and though in some seasons very good, it cannot compare with Marie Louise. Fruit medium, regular-acute-pyriform, yellow, with a brownish-red cheek; flesh at first melting, juicy, but quickly decays; good; end of Sept.

Marie Louise d’Uncle. 1. Gard. Chron. 1060, 1179. 1865. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 187. 1920.

Marie Louise d’Uncle is a seedling of Marie Louise raised by M. Gambier, a neighbor and contemporary of Van Mons. It produced its first fruits in 1846. Fruit rather large, pyriform, pale cinnamon-colored russet, rather similar to Marie Louise; flesh very fine, very melting, buttery, saccharine, very juicy and richly flavored; good to very good; Sept. and Oct.

Marie Mottin. 1. Guide Prat. 96. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit large; flesh melting; first; Oct.

Marie Parent. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:401, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 814. 1869.

Raised by Bivort, director of the nurseries of the Society Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Bel., from a seed bed formed in 1844 from seeds of the last generation of Van Mons’ seedlings. Fruit above medium, oblong, more or less cylindrical and bossed, or turbinate, very much swelled at the base and bossed at either extremity; skin fine ochre or golden yellow, dotted and stained with russet, washed with brick-red on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, fine, melting or semi-melting, containing numerous small grits around the core, juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed; first; Oct., often till Dec.

Marietta. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:484. 1913.

An oriental hybrid. Tree is said to be inclined to grow tall, with a single main stem. Fruit light yellow, with red blush; Oct.

Mariette de Millepieds. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:403, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 614. 1884.

A very late pear which came from the seed beds of Maurice Goubalt, a nurseryman in the suburbs of Angers, Fr., fruiting after his death, in 1854. Fruit large, ovate, irregular and bossed or turbinate, slightly obtuse, one side larger than the other, rough to the touch, rather thick, yellowish-green, washed with dark russet on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, juicy and scented, refreshing, sugary, acidulous, having an exquisite flavor; first; Mar. often till May.

Markbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:103. 1856.

Mid-Germany, 1797. Fruit fairly large, ventriculous, faint light green turning to pale green, often blushed and dotted with greenish-gray specks and marked with russet; flesh white, fairly soft, buttery, melting, full of flavor; very good for the table and good for culinary purposes; Dec. and Jan.

Marksbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:162. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1799. Fruit small, globular, flattened, greenish-yellow, speckled with yellowish-gray and greenish dots; flesh firm, breaking, juicy and acidulous; first for household; Sept.

Marmion. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 814. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:29, fig. 111. 1878.

According to the Bulletin of the Société Van Mons this was either obtained or propagated by M. Bivort in Belgium. Fruit nearly medium, turbinate, dull water-green, sprinkled with numerous and rather large brown spots, the basic green passing at maturity to lemon-yellow and warmly golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, rather fine, breaking, fairly juicy, saccharine and sprightly; dessert; Sept.

Marquise. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:221, Pl. XLIX. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 614. 1884.

Of French origin. Merlet described it in 1675 in his Abrégé des bons fruits. Fruit above medium, turbinate, globular in the lower part, conic and slightly obtuse in the upper, bright green changing to yellowish, with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun, thickly covered with dots, which are green on the shaded side and brown or gray on the other; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, full of sugary juice, slightly acid and musky, and very delicate; a good dessert pear; Nov. and Dec.

Marquise de Bedman. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 814. 1869.

Foreign. Fruit medium or below, roundish-pyriform, pale greenish-yellow, with a few traces and patches of russet and many green and brown dots; flesh white, sweet, rather firm; good; Sept.

Marsaneix. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:406, fig. 1869.

A cooking pear of no particular merit which originated at the market town of Marsaneix, Department of Dordogne, Fr., and was cultivated on the farms of that country in the middle of the eighteenth century. Fruit small, globular, regular in form; skin rough, entirely russeted, dotted with yellowish-gray; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking, scented, gritty; juice abundant but deficient in sugar, insipid; second and for cooking only; Jan. and Feb.

Marshall. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 179. 1881.

Said to have originated on the farm of William Marshall, Cambridge, N. Y., some years previous to 1881. Fruit medium, globular, inclining to obtuse-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched with russet over nearly the whole surface and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white, semi-fine, juicy, semi-melting, slightly vinous and slightly aromatic; very good; end of Sept.

Marshall Wilder. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:407, fig. 1869. 2. Horticulturist 27:150. 1872.

Originated in the nurseries of M. Leroy at Angers, Fr., in 1866. Fruit large, long-conic, very irregular, somewhat like Calebasse in form, more or less bossed; skin rough, clear green slightly yellowish, dotted with gray-russet, marbled with brown and scaly; flesh yellowish-white, fine or semi-fine, juicy, very melting, sugary, deliciously perfumed and refreshing; first; Oct. and Nov.

Martha Ann. 1. Mag. Hort. 16:547. 1850.

A seedling raised by Francis Dana, Roxbury, Mass. Fruit medium or below, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, yellowish-green, with patches and dots of russet; flesh coarse, juicy, astringent; poor; Oct.

Martin. 1. Kans. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 171. 1886.

Originated in Cowley, Kans., and reported as a new fruit and a good substitute for the Vicar of Winkfield. Fruit medium to large, oblate-pyriform, irregular, greenish changing to yellowish-white, smooth; flesh firm, fine grained, buttery, juicy; fair; Jan.

Martin-Sec. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:408, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 615. 1884.

Trockener Martin. 3. Löschnig Mostbirnen 216, fig. 1913.

Hogg tells us that this and the Martin Sire are among the earliest varieties known to have been grown in England, for they are mentioned among the fruits delivered into the Treasury by the fruiterer of Edward I in 1292. In 1530 Charles Estienne of Paris wrote of it as being cultivated in France and affirmed the Pears of Saint Martin were so named because their time of ripening coincided with the Festival of that Saint. Again, in 1675 Merlet in his Abrégé des bons fruits spoke of the Martin-Sec of Provins or of Champagne. Fruit medium or above, long-pyriform-obtuse, regular in form, yellowish and russeted, dotted with gray points and extensively washed with carmine on the face exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, very breaking, rather dry, but sweet and perfumed, very gritty when grafted on quince; third; mid-Nov. to Feb.

Martin-Sire. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:145, Pl. XIX, fig. 5. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:410, fig. 1869. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 615. 1884.

This pear, sometimes known as Lord Martin Pear, was grown in England in the thirteenth century. By Claude Saint-Étienne in 1628 it was mentioned under two of its most ancient names, Martin-Sire and Ronville. In the eighteenth century Mayer in the Pomona franconica said the name Martin-Sire which was the most generally recognized of its many names originated from a former Lord of Ronville whose name was Martin. Fruit medium, pyriform, obtuse and very regular; skin fine, smooth and shining, bright green changing to a fine deep yellow, dotted and marked with fawn, carmined on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking, fairly juicy, sweet, perfumed and often with an after-taste of musk; more fit for stewing than dessert; Dec. to Feb.

Marulis. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:388. 1843. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 397. 1854.

Foreign. Fruit small, globular, greenish-yellow; poor; Sept.

Mary (Case). 1. Downing. Fr. Trees Am. 815. 1869

Originated in the grounds of William Case, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit small to medium, globular-pyriform, greenish-yellow, slight blush in the sun and many minute brown dots; flesh white, juicy, almost buttery, sweet and acid; very good; last of July.

Mary (Van Mons). 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:411, fig. 1869.

A seedling obtained by Van Mons, which gave its first fruit at Brussels about the year 1818. Fruit medium and often above medium, ovate, obtuse, rather regular but generally a little depressed on one side at the calyx, yellow-ochre stained with fawn-brown around the stem and sprinkled with light marblings and large dots of green and russet, very numerous around the base; flesh whitish, very fine, melting; juice very abundant, sugary, with a vinegary flavor both delicate and refreshing; first; mid-Oct.

Mascon Colmar. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:106. 1856.

Originated from seed at Nassau, Ger., 1825. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, distorted in form, light green turning yellowish-green at maturity, free from any red blush, but much russeted and dotted; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, full of flavor; good for dessert and culinary purposes; Feb.

Masselbacher Mostbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:193. 1856.

A perry pear. Württemberg, Ger., 1847. Fruit small, almost a sphere, green turning to yellow, much covered with russet; flesh firm, granular, acidulous; very good for perry and good for household use; end of Sept. and early Oct.

Masuret. 1. Baltet Cult. Fr. 374. 1908.

One of the best French perry pears suitable for commercial and amateur growers; good for the production of sparkling perry; juice clear and very full of perfume; end of Nov.

Mather. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 82. 1856. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 815. 1869.

The Mather pear originated with John Mather, Jenkintown, Pa., from seed planted by him about 1810. Fruit below medium, obovate, yellow, with occasionally a red mottled cheek and russeted at the insertion of the stem; flesh rather coarse, buttery, of delicate flavor and agreeable; good; Aug.

Mathilde. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:55. 1856.

A Van Mons seedling, 1852. Fruit medium, ovate, greenish changing to greenish-yellow, blushed, and speckled with gray dots; flesh semi-melting, granular, sweet, vinous; second for dessert, first for kitchen and market purposes; end of Aug. for 14 days.

Mathilde Gomand. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1876.

Published by Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium; skin russeted; flesh melting; first; Jan.

Mathilde Recq. 1. Guide Prat. 96. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit, flesh fine, very saccharine and highly perfumed; Nov.

Mathilde de Rochefort. 1. Guide Prat. 96. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree vigorous, forming good pyramids. Fruit small, ovate, covered with russet; flesh fine, melting, very juicy and sugary; Dec.

Matou. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:414, fig. 1869.

A variety, known also as Chat-Grillé and Chat-Rôti in France and which must not be confounded with the Chat-Brûlé, already described, which ripens in December. Its origin is unknown. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform and enlarged around central circumference, golden-yellow, dotted and marbled with gray-russet, washed with carmine on the face exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking, watery, very granular at the center; juice rather abundant, rarely very saccharine, astringent, almost devoid of perfume; third; mid-Aug.

Matthews. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 82. 1903. 2. Hopedale Nurs. Cat. 17. 1913.

Brought from New Jersey about 1835 by a Mr. Chiever and planted at Delavan, Ill. Tree long-lived, a late bearer. Fruit medium to large, apple-shaped, green turning yellow, sweet, juicy; Oct. to Feb.

Maud Hogg. 1. Jour. Hort. 20:30. 1871. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 615. 1884.

Raised by John Mannington, Uckfield, in the Weald of Sussex, Eng.; bore fruit in 1871 for the first time. Fruit above medium, oblong-obovate; skin entirely covered with a crust of warm brown-russet like that of the Beurré Gris, and has a slight orange glow on the side exposed to the sun, very much like the Chaumontel, no yellow or ground color visible; flesh yellowish-white, tender and buttery, very juicy, sweet, richly flavored; a dessert pear of the first quality; Oct. to Dec.

Maude. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1876.

A French perry pear abundantly cultivated in the Haute-Savoie, Fr. Fruit medium, globular, grayish-green washed with red; flesh coarse, remarkably juicy.

Maurice Desportes. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:415, fig. 1869.

This came from the seed beds of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., and first fruited in 1863. Fruit medium, oblong-conic, yellow, dotted with gray, blushed on the sunny side; stem long, rather stout, continuous with the fruit; calyx small, open, in a large cavity; flesh white, rather fine and rather melting, slightly granular, juicy, sweet; first; Sept.

Mausebirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:138. 1856.

Hanover, Ger., 1852. Fruit medium to large, variable in form, distorted, bossed; skin fine, greenish turning to yellow when ripe, almost entirely covered with cinnamon-russet, sprinkled with green spots; flesh yellowish-white, sweet and scented with rose; first for the table and kitchen use; Oct.

Mayflower. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 44. 1866.

A seedling raised by Dr. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., which fruited first in 1863. Fruit “short diameter 2½ inches, long diameter 3 inches; flesh rather dry and firm; skin yellow, with red cheek; keeps soundly without extra care until May. A most prolific bearer. Short pyriform.”

Maynard. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 52. 1857. 2. Ibid. 815. 1869.

Origin unknown but thought to have been first grown in Lancaster County, Pa. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow with russet dots and a crimson cheek; flesh white, juicy and sugary; moderately good; end of July.

Mayr frühzeitige Butterbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:113. 1856.

Reported at Gratz, Styria, Austria, 1833. Fruit medium, turbinate-pyriform, uniformly light yellow, slightly russeted on the side next the sun, often with no russet; flesh white, soft, melting, full of flavor, keeps well; first for dessert, good for culinary use and market; Sept. and Oct.

Max. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 73. 1895.

A seedling of Flemish Beauty grown in Ohio. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, yellow brightly blushed, flavor vinous, subacid; good; Sept. in Ohio.

Mecham. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 195. 1867.

A seedling pear reported from St. George, Utah, in 1867. Fruit very large, bright green, ripens in Oct.

Medaille d’Été. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1876.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, ovate-pyramidal, lemon-yellow; flesh semi-breaking, very juicy, highly perfumed; Aug.

Medofka. 1. Can. Hort. 17:292. 1894.

Russian. Fruit very small, conical, clear yellow; flesh very melting, agreeable.

Meissner Grossvatersbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:34. 1856.

Reported to be of Saxon origin, 1833. Fruit small, turbinate, almost entirely covered with light brown-russet, and sprinkled with round red spots; flesh juicy, semi-melting, having a strong aroma of cinnamon.

Meissner Hirschbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:7. 1856.

Saxony, 1803. Fruit medium, conic, bossed, pale light green changing at maturity to light lemon-yellow, often washed extensively with dark blood-red, numerous reddish dots, scentless; flesh breaking, juicy, aromatic; first for household and market; Aug.

Meissner langstielige Feigenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:167. 1856.

Saxony, 1805. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, ventriculous and flat, crooked, somewhat uneven, light green changing to yellowish-green, often blushed with dark red, without dots, marked with russet; flesh yellowish-green white, coarse-grained, sweet, firm, breaking; third for dessert, first for kitchen; Oct.

Meissner Liebchensbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:167. 1856.

German, chiefly found in Saxony. Fruit small, globular-ventriculous-conic; skin shining, lemon-yellow, becoming highly polished, strongly dotted with round red spots, often marked with fine russet on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, firm, breaking, wanting in juice; third for the table, first for kitchen and market.

Meissner Zwiebelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:34. 1856.

Saxony, 1833. Fruit small, globular, light yellow, speckled with numerous fine russety spots; flesh often melting, with musky aroma, fine-grained; first for table and very good for culinary purposes; end of Aug. for three weeks.

Mélanie Michelin. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:55, fig. 412. 1880.

Gained by M. Boisbunel, Junior, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, even in contour; skin rather thick, whitish-green, sprinkled with fairly numerous and rather large green spots, scarcely visible and often absent altogether; when ripe the basic green takes a more yellow tone on the side of the sun, and in the case of well-exposed fruits is blushed with a very light rosy red; flesh whitish, slightly tinted with green, tender, a little soft, melting, full of sweet juice and delicately perfumed; good; mid-July.

Mellish. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 815. 1869.

Fruit below medium, globular-pyriform, pale yellow, netted, patched and dotted with russet; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good to very good; Oct.

Melon. 1. Knoop Fructologie 1:77, Tab. 1. 1771. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:417, fig. 1869.

Of Dutch origin; first described in the Pomology of Knoop in 1766. Fruit medium, typically pyriform, slightly obtuse, regular in outline, sometimes a little uneven and crooked, greenish-yellow when ripe and more or less marked with black, or dark brown, stains, of poor appearance; flesh delicate and gritty, rather succulent and savory but having no particular flavor, not sprightly nor does it justify its name; Aug. and Sept.

Melon de Hellmann. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:83, fig. 330. 1880.

Grown by M. Hellmann, Meiningen, Ger. Fruit large, spherical, even in outline, intense green passing to decided yellow when ripe and warmly golden on the side of the sun, numerous dark green spots; flesh white, coarse, semi-breaking; juice sugary, perfumed and agreeable; second, good for cooking; Sept.

Ménagère Sucrée de Van Mons. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:127, fig. 160. 1878.

A seedling of Van Mons who distributed it without name. Fruit medium, conic-turbinate; skin thick, at first very clear green sprinkled with gray dots, numerous, very small but clearly visible; towards maturity the green changes to brilliant lemon-yellow and warmly golden on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-buttery and distinctly perfumed with clove; Oct.

Mendenhall. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 88. 1900.

Mentioned as one of the “newer” varieties of pears, having given its first ripe specimens on July 5th, 1900. Fruit small, pyriform, yellow, much better in quality than Early Harvest.

Meresia Nevill. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 616. 1884.

A seedling of John Mannington, Uckfield, Sussex, Eng.; first fruited in 1872. Fruit below medium, roundish-obovate or oval, even and regular in outline, entirely covered with thick, dark-brown russet; flesh semi-melting, crisp, juicy, sweet, with a rich vinous flavor; an excellent dessert pear; Dec. and Jan.

Merlet 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:418, fig. 1869.

Merlet came from the nurseries of M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr.; it fruited first in 1861. Fruit medium, turbinate, slightly obtuse and bossed; skin smooth, fine and shining, yellowish-green, delicately dotted with gray; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine, melting, watery, granular around the core; juice abundant and saccharine, refreshing and having a highly delicate flavor; first; Aug.